Original Article
Sipuleucel-T Immunotherapy for Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer
N Engl J Med 2010; 363:411-422July 29, 2010
- Abstract
Background
Sipuleucel-T, an autologous active cellular immunotherapy, has shown evidence of efficacy in reducing the risk of death among men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer.
Methods
In this double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter phase 3 trial, we randomly assigned 512 patients in a 2:1 ratio to receive either sipuleucel-T (341 patients) or placebo (171 patients) administered intravenously every 2 weeks, for a total of three infusions. The primary end point was overall survival, analyzed by means of a stratified Cox regression model adjusted for baseline levels of serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and lactate dehydrogenase.
Results
In the sipuleucel-T group, there was a relative reduction of 22% in the risk of death as compared with the placebo group (hazard ratio, 0.78; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.61 to 0.98; P=0.03). This reduction represented a 4.1-month improvement in median survival (25.8 months in the sipuleucel-T group vs. 21.7 months in the placebo group). The 36-month survival probability was 31.7% in the sipuleucel-T group versus 23.0% in the placebo group. The treatment effect was also observed with the use of an unadjusted Cox model and a log-rank test (hazard ratio, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.61 to 0.97; P=0.02) and after adjustment for use of docetaxel after the study therapy (hazard ratio, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.62 to 0.98; P=0.03). The time to objective disease progression was similar in the two study groups. Immune responses to the immunizing antigen were observed in patients who received sipuleucel-T. Adverse events that were more frequently reported in the sipuleucel-T group than in the placebo group included chills, fever, and headache.
Conclusions
The use of sipuleucel-T prolonged overall survival among men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. No effect on the time to disease progression was observed. (Funded by Dendreon; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00065442.)
Media in This Article
Figure 1
Enrollment and Outcomes.Figure 2
Kaplan–Meier Estimates of Overall Survival.Article Activity
- Article
Prostate cancer is the most common noncutaneous cancer among men in the United States and is the second leading cause of death from cancer in men.1 Localized prostate cancer may be cured with surgery or radiation therapy, but the disease recurs in approximately 20 to 30% of patients. Androgen-deprivation therapy, the most common treatment after recurrence, is effective, but the disease eventually progresses in most patients who receive such treatment.2 For men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer, the median survival in recent phase 3 studies has ranged from 12.2 to 21.7 months.3-9 A chemotherapeutic agent, docetaxel, is the only approved therapy that has been shown to prolong survival among men with this condition, conferring a median survival benefit of 2 to 3 months, as compared with mitoxantrone and prednisone.8-10 Combination therapy with mitoxantrone plus a glucocorticoid has been reported to provide palliation but no survival benefit, as compared with a glucocorticoid alone.11,12
Sipuleucel-T is an active cellular immunotherapy, a type of therapeutic cancer vaccine,13 consisting of autologous peripheral-blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), including antigen-presenting cells (APCs), that have been activated ex vivo with a recombinant fusion protein (PA2024). PA2024 consists of a prostate antigen, prostatic acid phosphatase, that is fused to granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor, an immune-cell activator.
In a randomized, placebo-controlled trial involving 127 patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer, men in the sipuleucel-T group had a relative reduction in the risk of death of 41%, as compared with those in the placebo group (hazard ratio in the sipuleucel-T group, 0.59; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.39 to 0.88; P=0.01).14,15 A second randomized, placebo-controlled study showed a trend toward increased survival with sipuleucel-T, although it was not statistically significant.15 These studies did not show a significant effect on the time to disease progression, the primary end point of both trials. To confirm these survival findings, we conducted a double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial, called the Immunotherapy for Prostate Adenocarcinoma Treatment (IMPACT) study, involving 512 men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer, with overall survival as the primary end point.
Methods
Patients
Eligible men had metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer and an expected survival of at least 6 months. A previous randomized trial of sipuleucel-T14 suggested a positive effect on disease progression in men with increased tumor differentiation at diagnosis, as indicated by a Gleason score of 7 or less (on a scale of 2 to 10, with higher scores indicating more aggressive disease). On the basis of these results, we initially enrolled only men with a Gleason score of 7 or less. In addition, only patients with asymptomatic disease were enrolled. After the overall survival analysis in the aforementioned trial, which indicated a positive treatment effect that was independent of the Gleason score, we amended the eligibility criteria to include men with any Gleason score, as well as those whose disease was minimally symptomatic.
Additional eligibility criteria were a serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level of 5 ng per milliliter or more, a serum testosterone level of less than 50 ng per deciliter (17 nmol per liter), and progressive disease on the basis of imaging studies or PSA measurements. Exclusion criteria were an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of 2 or more (on a scale from 0 to 5, with higher scores indicating greater disability),16 visceral metastases, pathologic long-bone fractures, spinal cord compression, and treatment within the previous 28 days with systemic glucocorticoids, external-beam radiation, surgery, or systemic therapy for prostate cancer (except medical or surgical castration). Patients were also excluded if they had initiated or discontinued bisphosphonate therapy within the previous 28 days, if they had undergone previous treatment with more than two chemotherapy regimens, or if they had undergone chemotherapy within the previous 3 months. Continuation of medical castration or bisphosphonate therapy was required at least until the time of disease progression.
The study was conducted in accordance with applicable regulations of the Food and Drug Administration and the Good Clinical Practice guidelines of the International Conference on Harmonization. The study was approved by the institutional review board at each study center. Patients provided written informed consent before participation.
Randomization and Treatment
Patients were randomly assigned in a 2:1 ratio to receive either sipuleucel-T or placebo every 2 weeks, for a total of three infusions. All patients were stratified according to the primary Gleason grade (≤3 or ≥4, on a scale of 1 to 5, with higher grades indicating a worse prognosis), the number of bone metastases (≤5, 6 to 10, or >10), and bisphosphonate use (yes or no) with the use of Pocock and Simon's minimization method.17
Patients were scheduled for three leukapheresis procedures (at weeks 0, 2, and 4), each followed approximately 3 days later by infusion of sipuleucel-T or placebo. Infusions were prepared from PBMCs collected by means of a single standard leukapheresis processing 1.5 to 2.0 times the patient's estimated blood volume.
Sipuleucel-T was prepared at a central manufacturing facility by culturing APCs for 36 to 44 hours at 37°C with media containing PA2024.14,18-20 The cells were washed before final formulation. Placebo was prepared by culturing APCs from one third of the leukapheresis collection in medium for 36 to 44 hours at 2 to 8°C, without PA2024. Remaining cells were cryopreserved for possible use in a salvage study, as described in the following paragraph. Each dose of sipuleucel-T or placebo contained a minimum of 40 million large cells expressing the costimulatory molecule CD54. After premedication with acetaminophen and an antihistamine, patients received sipuleucel-T or placebo intravenously during a period of approximately 60 minutes and were then observed for at least 30 minutes.
Objective disease progression was monitored by means of computed tomography (CT) (at weeks 6, 14, 26, and 34 and every 12 weeks thereafter) and bone scanning (at weeks 6, 10, 14, 18, 22, 26, and 34 and every 12 weeks thereafter). Serum for blood chemical analysis, including PSA, was obtained according to the CT schedule until disease progression. A subgroup of patients was monitored for measures of immune function at weeks 6, 14, and 26. After central confirmation of disease progression, the treatment assignment could be revealed to patients, who were then treated at the physician's discretion. Patients in the placebo group could enroll in an open-label salvage protocol and receive APC8015F, a product manufactured according to the same specifications as sipuleucel-T but from cells cryopreserved at the time the placebo was prepared.
Adverse Events
All adverse events were reported until the time of objective disease progression. Thereafter, only events that were determined by investigators to be at least possibly related to sipuleucel-T were reported, except cerebrovascular events, which were reported regardless of causality assessment. Monitoring for treatment-related adverse events and survival occurred 2 and 6 months after disease progression and at intervals of 6 months or less thereafter. The safety population included all patients who had undergone at least one leukapheresis procedure. Adverse events and laboratory values were graded with the use of the National Cancer Institute's Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events, version 3.0. Multiple occurrences of specific events were counted once per patient; the event with the greatest severity was summarized. Additional anticancer interventions and causes of death were collected for all patients.
The cutoff date for data presented here was January 18, 2009; at that time the study had reached the number of deaths specified for the primary analysis. The study concluded on April 30, 2009.
Study Oversight
The study was designed, conducted, and analyzed by representatives of the sponsor, Dendreon, in collaboration with study investigators. All the authors were responsible for writing the manuscript and for the decision to submit it for publication. They vouch for the completeness and integrity of the reported data and analyses, as well as the fidelity of the study to the protocol. The protocol is available with the full text of this article at NEJM.org.
Statistical Analysis
Overall survival was the primary study end point. The time to objective disease progression and the time to disease-related pain were the original coprimary end points, but after a review of survival results from two previous phase 3 trials with a similar design14,15 and before the unblinding of group assignments in our study, we made overall survival the primary end point; the time to objective disease progression became a secondary end point, and the time to disease-related pain was eliminated.
Overall survival was defined as the time from randomization until death from any cause. We estimated that we would need to enroll 500 patients in order to analyze 304 deaths, providing a power of at least 88% to detect a relative reduction in the risk of death of 31% in the sipuleucel-T group, as compared with the placebo group (hazard ratio, 0.69) with the use of a two-sided alpha level of 0.05.
One planned interim analysis was conducted by an independent data and safety monitoring committee. On the basis of Lan–DeMets implementation21,22 of the O'Brien–Fleming alpha spending function, the significance level for the final analysis was adjusted to 0.043, resulting in an overall level of 0.05.
The primary end point of overall survival was analyzed with the use of a two-sided Wald's test for treatment effect on the basis of a stratified Cox regression model with adjustment for the natural log of the baseline levels of PSA and lactate dehydrogenase, stratified according to randomization factors. Measures of PSA and lactate dehydrogenase were included in the model on the basis of their importance as prognostic factors in previous trials of sipuleucel-T14,15 and other prostate-cancer studies.23,24 Estimated hazard ratios and corresponding two-sided 95% confidence intervals were generated. Planned sensitivity analyses included an assessment of overall survival with a stratified, unadjusted Cox model and log-rank test; analyses of baseline covariates as effect modifiers; and an assessment of the effect of docetaxel on survival, with first docetaxel use added as a time-dependent covariate in the primary Cox model.25 Exploratory analyses included a determination of prostate-cancer–specific survival, assessed with the use of the primary Cox model, with deaths from other causes treated as competing events. Median follow-up time was estimated with the use of an inverted Kaplan–Meier technique.
A blinded, independent radiology-review committee determined the time to objective disease progression on the basis of radiographic studies, with one or more of the following criteria used to define progression: an increase of at least 50% in the sum of the products of diameters for index lesions, the new appearance or unequivocal progression of nonindex lesions, at least two new lesions on bone scanning, and a new pathologic fracture or spinal cord compression. The treatment effect was assessed by means of a stratified log-rank test; hazard ratios were estimated with a stratified, unadjusted Cox regression model.
Antibody titers were assessed by means of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,26 with threshold levels for response defined as 2 SD above the median of the baseline values for all assessed patients. T-cell proliferation was assessed with the use of a stimulation index, calculated as the median value for 3H-thymidine incorporation from triplicate wells cultured with antigen, divided by the median incorporation value in the absence of antigen.14
Results
Patients
From August 2003 through November 2007, a total of 512 patients were enrolled at 75 centers in the United States and Canada, with 341 assigned to receive sipuleucel-T and 171 assigned to receive placebo (Figure 1Figure 1
Enrollment and Outcomes.). Of these patients, 98.8% underwent at least one leukapheresis procedure, 97.1% received at least one infusion of a study drug, and 92.2% received all three infusions. The median time from the first infusion to the third infusion was 28 days (range, 21 to 119).Demographic and clinical characteristics were similar in the two study groups (Table 1Table 1
Baseline Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of the Patients.). The median age of the patients was 71 years. All patients had received previous androgen-deprivation therapy; 82.0% reported having undergone combined androgen blockade. Previous therapies also included radiotherapy of the prostate or prostate bed (53.9% of patients), radical prostatectomy (35.2%), and chemotherapy (18.2%).Efficacy
By the data-cutoff date on January 18, 2009, a total of 331 patients had died: 210 of the 341 patients in the sipuleucel-T group (61.6%) and 121 of the 171 patients in the placebo group (70.8%). The median follow-up time was 34.1 months. For men in the sipuleucel-T group, as compared with those in the placebo group, the adjusted hazard ratio for death was 0.78 (95% CI, 0.61 to 0.98), representing a relative reduction in the risk of death of 22% (P=0.03). Similar results were obtained with the use of the unadjusted, stratified model and the log-rank test (hazard ratio, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.61 to 0.97; P=0.02). The reduction in the risk of death from prostate cancer in the sipuleucel-T group (hazard ratio, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.61 to 0.98; P=0.04) was similar to the reduction in the risk of death from any cause.
The median survival was 4.1 months longer in the sipuleucel-T group (25.8 months) than in the placebo group (21.7 months) (Figure 2AFigure 2
Kaplan–Meier Estimates of Overall Survival.). The estimated probability of survival 36 months after randomization was 31.7% in the sipuleucel-T group and 23.0% in the placebo group.The treatment effect consistently favored the sipuleucel-T group in the assessment of more than 20 baseline characteristics of the patients as effect modifiers (Figure 3Figure 3
Hazard Ratios for the Risk of Death, According to Subgroup.). Therapy with sipuleucel-T was also associated with a positive overall survival effect in an analysis that included 18 additional deaths observed between the data-cutoff and study-completion dates, with a median of 36.5 months of follow-up (hazard ratio, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.61 to 0.95; P=0.02).The median time to objective disease progression was 14.6 weeks (3.7 months) in the sipuleucel-T group and 14.4 weeks (3.6 months) in the placebo group (hazard ratio, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.77 to 1.17; P=0.63). Similar results were observed for the time to clinical disease progression (hazard ratio, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.75 to 1.12; P=0.40). One patient in the sipuleucel-T group had a partial objective response. Among patients with PSA assessments after baseline, reductions of at least 50% on two visits at least 4 weeks apart were observed in 8 of 311 patients (2.6%) in the sipuleucel-T group, as compared with 2 of 153 patients (1.3%) in the placebo group.
Immune Response
Titers of antibodies against the immunizing antigen PA2024 that exceeded 400 at any time after baseline were observed in 100 of 151 patients (66.2%) in the sipuleucel-T group and 2 of 70 patients (2.9%) in the placebo group; titers of antibodies against prostatic acid phosphatase that exceeded 400 at any time after baseline were observed in 43 of 151 patients (28.5%) in the sipuleucel-T group and 1 of 70 patients (1.4%) in the placebo group.
At week 6, T-cell proliferation responses (stimulation index, >5) to PA2024 were observed in 46 of 63 patients (73.0%) in the sipuleucel-T group and 4 of 33 patients (12.1%) in the placebo group; such responses to prostatic acid phosphatase were observed in 15 of 55 patients (27.3%) in the sipuleucel-T group and 2 of 25 patients (8.0%) in the placebo group.
In prespecified analyses, patients in the sipuleucel-T group who had an antibody titer of more than 400 against PA2024 or prostatic acid phosphatase at any time after baseline lived longer than did those who had an antibody titer of 400 or less (P<0.001 and P=0.08, respectively, by the log-rank test). No survival difference could be detected between patients in the sipuleucel-T group who had T-cell proliferation responses to PA2024 or prostatic acid phosphatase at week 6 and those who did not.
Therapies Received after Study Treatment
Of the 171 patients in the placebo group, 84 (49.1%) received APC8015F as the first additional anticancer intervention after the completion of the study treatment, and a total of 109 patients (63.7%) received APC8015F at some point. The estimated median survival in the placebo group was 23.8 months for patients who were subsequently treated with APC8015F and 11.6 months for those who did not receive APC8015F. Since this comparison was not randomized, the effect of frozen product APC8015F would need to be evaluated prospectively.
Overall, additional anticancer treatments (other than APC8015F) were administered in 279 of the 341 patients (81.8%) in the sipuleucel-T group and 125 of the 171 patients (73.1%) in the placebo group. These therapies included docetaxel, received by 195 patients (57.2%) in the sipuleucel-T group and 86 patients (50.3%) in the placebo group. The Kaplan–Meier estimate of the median time to docetaxel use was 12.3 months in the sipuleucel-T group and 13.9 months in the placebo group. The effect of docetaxel in the sipuleucel-T group was assessed by means of the primary Cox model, with adjustment for the use of docetaxel and for the timing of its initiation. In this analysis, the estimated effect of sipuleucel-T treatment (hazard ratio for death, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.62 to 0.98; P=0.03) was consistent with the result of the primary efficacy analysis, and there was also a trend toward a beneficial effect of docetaxel use that was independent of the study-group assignment (hazard ratio, 0.88; P=0.30). Furthermore, within each study group, survival curves were similar with and without censoring27 at the initiation of docetaxel use (Figure 2B). These results suggest that the sipuleucel-T treatment effect was not explained by differences in the frequency or timing of subsequent docetaxel use in the two study groups.
Safety
Adverse events were reported for 496 of 506 patients (98.0%) in the safety population and were mild to moderate (grade 1 or 2) for 330 patients (65.2%). Adverse events that were reported more frequently in the sipuleucel-T group than in the placebo group included chills, fever (pyrexia), headache, influenza-like illness, myalgia, hypertension, hyperhidrosis, and groin pain (Table 2Table 2
Adverse Events.). Except for groin pain, most of these events occurred within 1 day after infusion and resolved within 1 to 2 days. Adverse events that were reported more frequently in the placebo group included anorexia, anxiety, depression, flank pain, and contusion, as well as hydronephrosis (in 7.1% of patients in the placebo group vs. 3.8% in the sipuleucel-T group).The most common adverse events in the sipuleucel-T group within 1 day after infusion were chills (in 51.2%), fever (22.5%), fatigue (16.0%), nausea (14.2%), and headache (10.7%). Adverse events of grade 3 or more within 1 day after infusion were reported in 23 of 338 patients (6.8%) in the sipuleucel-T group and 3 of 168 patients (1.8%) in the placebo group. Among patients in the sipuleucel-T group, grade 3 events that were reported for at least 1 patient within 1 day after infusion were chills (in 4 patients), fatigue (3 patients), and back pain, hypertension, hypokalemia, and muscular weakness (in 2 patients each); one grade 4 event was reported (intravenous catheter–associated bacteremia). Overall, only 3 of 338 patients (0.9%) in the sipuleucel-T group were unable to receive all three infusions because of infusion-related adverse events.
Cerebrovascular events were reported for 8 of 338 patients (2.4%) in the sipuleucel-T group and 3 of 168 patients (1.8%) in the placebo group (P=1.00 by Fisher's exact test). The incidence rate was 1.33 cerebrovascular events per 100 person-years (95% CI, 0.58 to 2.62) in the sipuleucel-T group and 1.11 per 100 person-years (95% CI, 0.23 to 3.24) in the placebo group. The median interval between the most recent infusion and the event was 210 days in the sipuleucel-T group and 196 days in the placebo group.
Discussion
In our study, treatment with the therapeutic cancer vaccine sipuleucel-T led to a significant improvement in overall survival for men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. With a median follow-up of 34.1 months and complete survival follow-up data for 99% of patients, treatment with sipuleucel-T resulted in a 4.1-month improvement in median survival and an improvement in the rate of 3-year survival (31.7% for patients receiving sipuleucel-T, as compared with 23.0% for those receiving placebo). These results are consistent with and confirm the findings of a randomized trial,14 in which the sipuleucel-T group had a 3-year survival rate of 34.1%, a median increase in survival of 4.5 months, and a median survival of 25.9 months (25.8 months in our study). However, our results differ from those of a smaller trial,15 in which no significant survival advantage was observed with sipuleucel-T.
In our study, the effect of sipuleucel-T on survival was observed consistently across subgroups of patients, including those with prognostic factors known to be adversely correlated with overall survival, such as increased levels of PSA, lactate dehydrogenase, and alkaline phosphatase, as well as an increased number of bone metastases, an increased Gleason score, a decreased performance status, and the presence of pain.14,23,24
The majority of patients in both study groups received docetaxel after study treatment. Statistical methods that are used to address postbaseline confounding factors in any randomized clinical study are limited and subject to potential biases. Specifically, the selection of patients who received docetaxel may have confounded the estimation of the docetaxel effect. Nevertheless, sensitivity analyses did not provide evidence that between-group differences in the use of docetaxel could account for the observed treatment difference with respect to overall survival.
The crossover study design was unusual for a trial with a survival end point and was a legacy of the original primary study end point, the time to objective disease progression. Nonetheless, the survival effect with sipuleucel-T was observed despite the inclusion of optional APC8015F salvage therapy for placebo-treated patients. The 21.7-month median survival of patients in the placebo group compares favorably with that in control groups in other randomized trials involving similar patient populations (range, 15.5 to 21.7 months),3,5,6,10,28-31 indicating that the treatment effect cannot be attributed to a poor outcome in the placebo group.
In contrast to overall survival, the time to objective disease progression as defined in this study did not differ significantly between the study groups. This result is consistent with the findings in previous trials of sipuleucel-T and may be due to the delayed onset of antitumor responses after active immunotherapy, relative to objective disease progression, which occurred early in this group of patients.32 In patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer, the disease-progression end point, as currently defined, has not been a reliable predictor of overall survival. Several randomized trials that have shown effects of various treatments on overall survival have not shown effects on disease progression14,28,29 and vice versa,7 including one study in which a therapeutic prostate cancer vaccine was administered in a patient population similar to ours,29 suggesting a possible class effect or some previously unknown feature of prostate cancer.
In general, sipuleucel-T was well tolerated, and most patients received all three scheduled infusions. Adverse events that were more frequently reported for sipuleucel-T treatment than for placebo were generally consistent with the release of cytokines.33 We did not observe an increased incidence of cerebrovascular events after sipuleucel-T treatment, as reported in previous randomized trials.15 There were no reports of anaphylaxis after sipuleucel-T administration, and there was no evidence of autoimmune sequelae.
In conclusion, sipuleucel-T prolonged survival among men with asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. However, no significant effect on the time to objective disease progression was observed. The treatment was associated with infusional adverse events, including fever and chills, which were mainly grade 1 or 2 in severity. Treatment was completed in approximately 1 month and did not preclude subsequent therapies, including chemotherapy.
Supported by Dendreon.
Disclosure forms provided by the authors are available with the full text of this article at NEJM.org.
We thank the patients and their families at all the participating study sites; current and former Dendreon personnel, including Mitchell H. Gold, Robert M. Hershberg, Nicole M. Provost, Israel Rios, Nadeem A. Sheikh, Elizabeth C. Smith, David L. Urdal, Suleman S. Verjee, James Whitmore, and Lianng Yuh; Brent Blumenstein for statistical consultation; and Kate Loughney and Kim Miller for their assistance in the preparation of the manuscript under the sponsorship of Dendreon.
Source Information
From the Dana–Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston (P.W.K.); School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle Cancer Care Alliance, Seattle (C.S.H.); Carolina Urologic Research Center, Myrtle Beach, SC (N.D.S.); School of Medicine, SUNY at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY (E.R.B.); Urologic Oncology Program, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco (E.J.S.); Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville (D.F.P.); Sharp Healthcare, San Diego, CA (C.H.R.); New York University Clinical Cancer Center, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York (A.C.F.); Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (R.D.); Dendreon Corporation, Seattle (R.B.S., Y.X., M.W.F.); and Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk (P.F.S.).
Address reprint requests to Dr. Kantoff at the Lank Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Dana–Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, 44 Binney St., Dana 1230, Boston, MA 02115, or at philip_kantoff@dfci.harvard.edu.
Principal investigators in the Immunotherapy for Prostate Adenocarcinoma Treatment (IMPACT) study are listed in the Appendix.
Appendix
In addition to the authors, the following principal clinical investigators participated in this trial: T. Ahmed, A. Amin, J. Arseneau, N. Barth, G. Bernstein, B. Bracken, P. Burch, V. Caggiano, J. Chin, G. Chodak, F. Chu, J. Corman, B. Curti, N. Dawson, J.F. Deeken, T. Dubernet, M. Fishman, R. Flanigan, F. Gailani, L. Garbo, T. Gardner, E. Gelmann, D. George, T. Godfrey, L. Gomella, M. Guerra, S. Hall, J. Hanson, R. Israeli, E. Jancis, M.A.S. Jewett, V. Kassabian, J. Katz, L. Klotz, K. Koeneman, H. Koh, R. Kratzke, R. Lance, J. Lech, L. Leichman, R. Lemon, J. Liang, J. Libertino, M. Lilly, I. Malik, S.E. Martin, J. McCaffrey, D. McLeod, D. McNeel, B. Miles, M. Murdock, C. Nabhan, J. Nemunaitis, D. Notter, A. Pantuck, P. Perrotte, D. Pessis, D. Petrylak, J. Polikoff, P. Pommerville, S. Ramanathan, M. Rarick, J. Richards, R. Rifkin, N. Rohatgi, R. Rosenbluth, R. Santucci, A. Sayegh, J. Seigne, I. Shapira, N. Shedhadeh, D. Shepherd, S. Sridhar, R. Stephenson, C. Teigland, N. Thaker, J. Vacirca, L. Villa, Jr., N. Vogelzang, M. Wertheim, J.H. Wolff, R. Wurzel, C. Yang, J. Young.
- References
References
1
Jemal A ,Siegel R ,Ward E ,Hao Y ,Xu J ,Thun MJ . Cancer statistics, 2009. CA Cancer J Clin 2009;59:225-249
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline2
Kantoff PW, Carroll PR, D'Amico AV, eds. Prostate cancer: principles and practice. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2002.
3
Higano C, Saad F, Somer B, et al. A phase III trial of GVAX immunotherapy for prostate cancer versus docetaxel plus prednisone in asymptomatic, castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Presented at the 2009 Genitourinary Cancers Symposium, Orlando, FL, February 26–28, 2009. (Accessed July 2, 2010, at http://www.asco.org/ASCOv2/Meetings/Abstracts?&vmview=abst_detail_view&confID=64&abstractID=20543.)
4
Small E, Demkow T, Gerritsen WR, et al. A phase III trial of GVAX immunotherapy for prostate cancer in combination with docetaxel versus docetaxel plus prednisone in symptomatic, castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Presented at the 2009 Genitourinary Cancers Symposium, Orlando, FL, February 26–28, 2009. (Accessed July 2, 2010, at http://www.asco.org/ASCOv2/Meetings/Abstracts?&vmview=abst_detail_view&confID=64&abstractID=20295.)
5
Saad F ,Gleason DM ,Murray R , et al. A randomized, placebo-controlled trial of zoledronic acid in patients with hormone-refractory metastatic prostate carcinoma. J Natl Cancer Inst 2002;94:1458-1468
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline6
Carducci MA ,Saad F ,Abrahamsson PA , et al. A phase 3 randomized controlled trial of the efficacy and safety of atrasentan in men with metastatic hormone-refractory prostate cancer. Cancer 2007;110:1959-1966
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline7
Sternberg CN ,Petrylak DP ,Sartor O , et al. Multinational, double-blind, phase III study of prednisone and either satraplatin or placebo in patients with castrate-refractory prostate cancer progressing after prior chemotherapy: the SPARC trial. J Clin Oncol 2009;27:5431-5438
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline8
Petrylak DP ,Tangen CM ,Hussain MH , et al. Docetaxel and estramustine compared with mitoxantrone and prednisone for advanced refractory prostate cancer. N Engl J Med 2004;351:1513-1520
Full Text | Web of Science | Medline9
Tannock IF ,de Wit R ,Berry WR , et al. Docetaxel plus prednisone or mitoxantrone plus prednisone for advanced prostate cancer. N Engl J Med 2004;351:1502-1512
Full Text | Web of Science | Medline10
Berthold DR ,Pond GR ,Soban F ,de Wit R ,Eisenberger M ,Tannock IF . Docetaxel plus prednisone or mitoxantrone plus prednisone for advanced prostate cancer: updated survival in the TAX 327 study. J Clin Oncol 2008;26:242-245
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline11
Kantoff PW ,Halabi S ,Conaway M , et al. Hydrocortisone with or without mitoxantrone in men with hormone-refractory prostate cancer: results of the Cancer and Leukemia Group B 9182 study. J Clin Oncol 1999;17:2506-2513
Web of Science | Medline12
Tannock IF ,Osoba D ,Stockler MR , et al. Chemotherapy with mitoxantrone plus prednisone or prednisone alone for symptomatic hormone-resistant prostate cancer: a Canadian randomized trial with palliative end points. J Clin Oncol 1996;14:1756-1764
Web of Science | Medline13
Goldman B ,DeFrancesco L . The cancer vaccine roller coaster. Nat Biotechnol 2009;27:129-139
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline14
Small EJ ,Schellhammer PF ,Higano CS , et al. Placebo-controlled phase III trial of immunologic therapy with sipuleucel-T (APC8015) in patients with metastatic, asymptomatic hormone refractory prostate cancer. J Clin Oncol 2006;24:3089-3094
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline15
Higano CS ,Schellhammer PF ,Small EJ , et al. Integrated data from 2 randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trials of active cellular immunotherapy with sipuleucel-T in advanced prostate cancer. Cancer 2009;115:3670-3679
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline16
Oken MM ,Creech RH ,Tormey DC , et al. Toxicity and response criteria of the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group. Am J Clin Oncol 1982;5:649-655
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline17
Pocock SJ ,Simon R . Sequential treatment assignment with balancing for prognostic factors in the controlled clinical trial. Biometrics 1975;31:103-115
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline18
Sheikh NA ,Jones LA . CD54 is a surrogate marker of antigen presenting cell activation. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2008;57:1381-1390
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline19
Small EJ ,Fratesi P ,Reese DM , et al. Immunotherapy of hormone-refractory prostate cancer with antigen-loaded dendritic cells. J Clin Oncol 2000;18:3894-3903
Web of Science | Medline20
Burch PA ,Breen JK ,Buckner JC , et al. Priming tissue-specific cellular immunity in a phase I trial of autologous dendritic cells for prostate cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2000;6:2175-2182
Web of Science | Medline21
Lan KKG ,DeMets DL . Discrete sequential boundaries for clinical trials. Biometrika 1983;70:659-663
CrossRef | Web of Science22
O'Brien PC ,Fleming TR . A multiple testing procedure for clinical trials. Biometrics 1979;35:549-556
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline23
Halabi S ,Small EJ ,Kantoff PW , et al. Prognostic model for predicting survival in men with hormone-refractory metastatic prostate cancer. J Clin Oncol 2003;21:1232-1237
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline24
Armstrong AJ ,Garrett-Mayer ES ,Yang YC ,de Wit R ,Tannock IF ,Eisenberger M . A contemporary prognostic nomogram for men with hormone-refractory metastatic prostate cancer: a TAX327 study analysis. Clin Cancer Res 2007;13:6396-6403
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline25
Lin DY ,Fleming TR ,De Gruttola V . Estimating the proportion of treatment effect explained by a surrogate marker. Stat Med 1997;16:1515-1527
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline26
Crowther JR. The ELISA Guidebook (methods in molecular biology). New York: Humana Press, 2000.
27
Anderson JR ,Cain KC ,Gelber RD . Analysis of survival by tumor response. J Clin Oncol 1983;1:710-719
Web of Science | Medline28
James ND ,Caty A ,Borre M , et al. Safety and efficacy of the specific endothelin-A receptor antagonist ZD4054 in patients with hormone-resistant prostate cancer and bone metastases who were pain free or mildly symptomatic: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised, phase 2 trial. Eur Urol 2009;55:1112-1123
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline29
Kantoff PW ,Schuetz TJ ,Blumenstein BA , et al. Overall survival analysis of a phase II randomized controlled trial of a Poxviral-based PSA-targeted immunotherapy in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. J Clin Oncol 2010;28:1099-1105
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline30
Ibrahim A, Johnson J. FDA clinical briefing document for the Oncologic Drug Advisory Committee, September 13, 2005, meeting. Washington, DC: Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, 2005. (Accessed July 2, 2010, at http://www.fda.gov/ohrms/dockets/AC/05/briefing/2005-4174B1_02_01-FDA-Clinical-Xinlay.pdf.)
31
Berry W ,Dakhil S ,Modiano M ,Gregurich M ,Asmar L . Phase III study of mitoxantrone plus low dose prednisone versus low dose prednisone alone in patients with asymptomatic hormone refractory prostate cancer. J Urol 2002;168:2439-2443
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline32
Draft Guidance for Industry: clinical considerations for therapeutic cancer vaccines. Washington, DC: Department of Health and Human Services, Food and Drug Administration, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, 2009. (Accessed July 2, 2010, at http://www.fda.gov/BiologicsBloodVaccines/GuidanceComplianceRegulatoryInformation/Guidances/Vaccines/ucm182443.htm.)
33
Winkler U ,Jensen M ,Manzke O , et al. Cytokine-release syndrome in patients with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia and high lymphocyte counts after treatment with anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody (rituximab, IDEC-C2B8). Blood 1999;94:2217-2224
Web of Science | Medline
- Citing Articles (268)
Citing Articles
1
Joaquim Bellmunt, Gerhardt Attard, Amit Bahl, Hartwig Huland, Laurence Klotz, Deborah Kuban, Stéphane Oudard, William Watson. (2012) Advances in the management of high-risk localised and metastatic prostate cancer. BJU International 109, 8-13
CrossRef2
Neesha C. Dhani, Urban Emmenegger, Laurie Adams, Jan Jongstra, Ian F. Tannock, Srikala S. Sridhar, Jennifer J. Knox, John R. Day, Jack Groskopf, Anthony M. Joshua. (2012) Phase II study of cytarabine in men with docetaxel-refractory, castration-resistant prostate cancer with evaluation of TMPRSS2-ERG and SPINK1 as serum biomarkers. BJU Internationalno-no
CrossRef3
S. Oudard, P. Combe. (2012) Résistance au docétaxel: mécanismes et applications thérapeutiques. Oncologie
CrossRef4
Sergiusz Markowicz, Zbigniew I. Nowecki, Piotr Rutkowski, Andrzej W. Lipkowski, Marzena Biernacka, Anna Jakubowska-Mucka, Tomasz Switaj, Aleksandra Misicka, Henryk Skurzak, Hanna Polowniak-Pracka, Jan Walewski. (2012) Adjuvant vaccination with melanoma antigen-pulsed dendritic cells in stage III melanoma patients. Medical Oncology
CrossRef5
Deborah Mukherji, Carmel J Pezaro, Johann S De-Bono. (2012) MDV3100 for the treatment of prostate cancer. Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs 21:2, 227-233
CrossRef6
Steven Joniau, Per-Anders Abrahamsson, Joaquim Bellmunt, Carl Figdor, Freddie Hamdy, Paul Verhagen, Nicholas J. Vogelzang, Manfred Wirth, Hendrik Van Poppel, Susanne Osanto. (2012) Current Vaccination Strategies for Prostate Cancer. European Urology 61:2, 290-306
CrossRef7
Niall M. Corcoran, Chris M. Hovens, Charles Metcalfe, Matthew K.H. Hong, John Pedersen, Rowan G. Casey, Justin Peters, Laurence Harewood, S. Larry Goldenberg, Anthony J. Costello, Martin E. Gleave. (2012) Positive surgical margins are a risk factor for significant biochemical recurrence only in intermediate-risk disease. BJU Internationalno-no
CrossRef8
Gregory R. Pond, Andrew J. Armstrong, Brian A. Wood, Melissa Brookes, Lance Leopold, William R. Berry, Ronald de Wit, Mario A. Eisenberger, Ian F. Tannock, Guru Sonpavde. (2012) Evaluating the Value of Number of Cycles of Docetaxel and Prednisone in Men With Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer. European Urology 61:2, 363-369
CrossRef9
Daniel George, Judd W. Moul. (2012) Emerging treatment options for patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer. The Prostate 72:3, 338-349
CrossRef10
Douglas F. Beach, Robert A. Somer, Jean Hoffman-Censits, Jianqing Lin, Yu-Ning Wong, Elizabeth Plimeck, Gary Hudes, David Vaughn, Guy T. Bernstein, Gloria J. Morris. (2012) A Wealth of New Options: A Case Presentation of the Management of Castration-Recurrent Prostate Cancer. Seminars in Oncology 39:1, 1-8
CrossRef11
Jeffrey Peppercorn, Andrew Armstrong, David W. Zaas, Daniel George. (2012) Rationing in urologic oncology: Lessons from sipuleucel-T for advanced prostate cancer
. Urologic Oncology: Seminars and Original Investigations
CrossRef12
Alfons JM van den Eertwegh, Jurjen Versluis, H Pieter van den Berg, Saskia JAM Santegoets, R Jeroen A van Moorselaar, Tim M van der Sluis, Helen E Gall, Thomas C Harding, Karin Jooss, Israel Lowy, Herbert M Pinedo, Rik J Scheper, Anita GM Stam, B Mary E von Blomberg, Tanja D de Gruijl, Kristen Hege, Natalie Sacks, Winald R Gerritsen. (2012) Combined immunotherapy with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor-transduced allogeneic prostate cancer cells and ipilimumab in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer: a phase 1 dose-escalation trial. The Lancet Oncology
CrossRef13
Glenn Dranoff. (2012) Intensifying tumour immunity through combination therapy. The Lancet Oncology
CrossRef14
Ravi A Madan, Mahsa Mohebtash, Philip M Arlen, Matteo Vergati, Myrna Rauckhorst, Seth M Steinberg, Kwong Y Tsang, Diane J Poole, Howard L Parnes, John J Wright, William L Dahut, Jeffrey Schlom, James L Gulley. (2012) Ipilimumab and a poxviral vaccine targeting prostate-specific antigen in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer: a phase 1 dose-escalation trial. The Lancet Oncology
CrossRef15
Sarah Hoffe, Lodovico Balducci. (2012) Cancer and Age: General Considerations. Clinics in Geriatric Medicine 28:1, 1-18
CrossRef16
Y. Loriot, C. Massard, K. Fizazi. (2012) Recent developments in treatments targeting castration-resistant prostate cancer bone metastases. Annals of Oncology
CrossRef17
Jeffrey Schlom. (2012) Perspective: Recent Advances in Therapeutic Cancer Vaccines. Cancer Biotherapy & Radiopharmaceuticals120117074257001
CrossRef18
Timothy A. Yap, Charles Swanton, Johann S. Bono. (2012) Personalization of prostate cancer prevention and therapy: are clinically qualified biomarkers in the horizon?. The EPMA Journal
CrossRef19
M. L. Huber, L. Haynes, C. Parker, P. Iversen. (2012) Interdisciplinary Critique of Sipuleucel-T as Immunotherapy in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer. JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute
CrossRef20
K. Fizazi, J.S. De Bono, A. Flechon, A. Heidenreich, E. Voog, N.B. Davis, Ming Qi, R. Bandekar, J.T. Vermeulen, M. Cornfeld, G.R. Hudes. (2012) Randomised phase II study of siltuximab (CNTO 328), an anti-IL-6 monoclonal antibody, in combination with mitoxantrone/prednisone versus mitoxantrone/prednisone alone in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. European Journal of Cancer 48:1, 85-93
CrossRef21
Jason C. Steel, Thomas A. Waldmann, John C. Morris. (2012) Interleukin-15 biology and its therapeutic implications in cancer. Trends in Pharmacological Sciences 33:1, 35-41
CrossRef22
Giuseppe Di Lorenzo, Matteo Ferro, Carlo Buonerba. (2012) Sipuleucel-T (Provenge®) for castration-resistant prostate cancer. BJU Internationalno-no
CrossRef23
Ariel E. Marciscano, Matthew E. Hardee, Nicholas Sanfilippo. (2012) Management of High-Risk Localized Prostate Cancer. Advances in Urology 2012, 1-11
CrossRef24
Naveed H. Akhtar, Orrin Pail, Ankeeta Saran, Lauren Tyrell, Scott T. Tagawa. (2012) Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen-Based Therapeutics. Advances in Urology 2012, 1-9
CrossRef25
Thomas F. Gajewski. (2012) Cancer immunotherapy. Molecular Oncology
CrossRef26
Manuel Sureda, M. Begoña Vázquez, Joseba Rebollo. (2012) Células dendríticas II: utilización clínica en vacunación antitumoral. Inmunología
CrossRef27
Michael Kalos. (2012) Muscle CARs and TcRs: turbo-charged technologies for the (T cell) masses. Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy 61:1, 127-135
CrossRef28
Clint T. Allen, Nancy P. Judd, Jack D. Bui, Ravindra Uppaluri. (2012) The clinical implications of antitumor immunity in head and neck cancer. The Laryngoscope 122:1, 144-157
CrossRef29
Marijo Bilusic, James L. Gulley. (2012) Endpoints, patient selection, and biomarkers in the design of clinical trials for cancer vaccines. Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy 61:1, 109-117
CrossRef30
Conrad M. Tobert, Robert G. Uzzo, Christopher G. Wood, Brian R. Lane. (2012) Adjuvant and neoadjuvant therapy for renal cell carcinoma: A survey of the Society of Urologic Oncology. Urologic Oncology: Seminars and Original Investigations
CrossRef31
Mónica Bequet-Romero, Yanelys Morera, Marta Ayala-Ávila, Julio Ancizar, Yordanka Soria, Aracelys Blanco, Jesús Suárez-Alba, Jorge V. Gavilondo. (2012) CIGB-247: A VEGF-based therapeutic vaccine that reduces experimental and spontaneous lung metastasis of C57Bl/6 and BALB/c mouse tumors. Vaccine
CrossRef32
Miguel A. Climent, Josep Mª Piulats, Alfredo Sánchez-Hernández, José Ángel Arranz, Javier Cassinello, Jesús García-Donas, Aránzazu González del Alba, Luis León-Mateos, Begoña Mellado, Mª José Méndez-Vidal, Begoña Pérez-Valderrama. (2012) Recommendations from the Spanish Oncology Genitourinary Group for the treatment of patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology
CrossRef33
Judd W. Moul, Nancy Dawson. (2012) Quality of Life Associated with Treatment of Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer: A Review of the Literature. Cancer Investigation 30:1, 1-12
CrossRef34
An M.T. Van Nuffel, Sandra Tuyaerts, Daphné Benteyn, Sofie Wilgenhof, Jurgen Corthals, Carlo Heirman, Bart Neyns, Kris Thielemans, Aude Bonehill. (2012) Epitope and HLA-type independent monitoring of antigen-specific T-cells after treatment with dendritic cells presenting full-length tumor antigens. Journal of Immunological Methods
CrossRef35
Kazuaki Chikamatsu, Keisuke Masuyama. (2012) Recent Advances in Cancer Immunotherapy. Practica Oto-Rhino-Laryngologica 105:2, 87-94
CrossRef36
A. Omlin, S. Gillessen. (2012) Androgen- und Östrogenbiosynthesehemmer beim kastrationsresistenten Prostatakarzinom. Der Urologe 51:1, 8-14
CrossRef37
M. Spahn, M. Krebs. (2012) Wie soll die Hormontherapie beim kastrationsresistenten Prostatakarzinom fortgeführt werden?. Der Urologe 51:1, 15-19
CrossRef38
A. Heidenreich. (2012) Immuntherapie beim metastasierten Prostatakarzinom – brauchen wir diese wirklich?. Der Urologe 51:1, 32-38
CrossRef39
Douglas G. McNeel, Heath A. Smith, Jens C. Eickhoff, Joshua M. Lang, Mary Jane Staab, George Wilding, Glenn Liu. (2011) Phase I trial of tremelimumab in combination with short-term androgen deprivation in patients with PSA-recurrent prostate cancer. Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy
CrossRef40
Helen Conroy, Karen C. Galvin, Sarah C. Higgins, Kingston H. G. Mills. (2011) Gene silencing of TGF-β1 enhances antitumor immunity induced with a dendritic cell vaccine by reducing tumor-associated regulatory T cells. Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy
CrossRef41
Ira Mellman, George Coukos, Glenn Dranoff. (2011) Cancer immunotherapy comes of age. Nature 480:7378, 480-489
CrossRef42
L. Decoster, I. Wauters, J. F. Vansteenkiste. (2011) Vaccination therapy for non-small-cell lung cancer: review of agents in phase III development. Annals of Oncology
CrossRef43
An M. T. Nuffel, Daphné Benteyn, Sofie Wilgenhof, Jurgen Corthals, Carlo Heirman, Bart Neyns, Kris Thielemans, Aude Bonehill. (2011) Intravenous and intradermal TriMix-dendritic cell therapy results in a broad T-cell response and durable tumor response in a chemorefractory stage IV-M1c melanoma patient. Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy
CrossRef44
Tim F. Greten, Firouzeh Korangy. 2011. Is Immune Modulation a Possibility?. , 191-198.
CrossRef45
Glenn Dranoff. (2011) Experimental mouse tumour models: what can be learnt about human cancer immunology?. Nature Reviews Immunology
CrossRef46
Scott K. Pruitt, David Boczkowski, Nicole de Rosa, N. Rebecca Haley, Michael A. Morse, Douglas S. Tyler, Jens Dannull, Smita Nair. (2011) Enhancement of anti-tumor immunity through local modulation of CTLA-4 and GITR by dendritic cells. European Journal of Immunology 41:12, 3553-3563
CrossRef47
Carmel J. Pezaro, Deborah Mukherji, Johann S. De Bono. (2011) Abiraterone acetate: redefining hormone treatment for advanced prostate cancer. Drug Discovery Today
CrossRef48
Eamon Berge, Chris Thompson, Wells Messersmith. (2011) Development of Novel Targeted Agents in the Treatment of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer. Clinical Colorectal Cancer 10:4, 266-278
CrossRef49
Yusuke Oda, Ryo Suzuki, Shota Otake, Norihito Nishiie, Keiichi Hirata, Risa Koshima, Tetsuya Nomura, Naoki Utoguchi, Nobuki Kudo, Katsuro Tachibana, Kazuo Maruyama. (2011) Prophylactic immunization with Bubble liposomes and ultrasound-treated dendritic cells provided a four-fold decrease in the frequency of melanoma lung metastasis. Journal of Controlled Release
CrossRef50
Cristian Speil, Robert Rzepka. (2011) Vaccines and Vaccine Adjuvants as Biological Response Modifiers. Infectious Disease Clinics of North America 25:4, 755-772
CrossRef51
M Bregni, G Vitali, J Peccatori. (2011) Combining allografting with mTOR inhibitors for metastatic renal cell cancer. Bone Marrow Transplantation 46:12, 1586-1586
CrossRef52
Bamidele A Adesunloye, William L Dahut. (2011) Anti-angiogenic therapy for prostate cancer: rationale and ongoing trials. Clinical Investigation 1:12, 1651-1661
CrossRef53
Elaine Huang, Brian P. Rubin, Charles Keller. (2011) The long road to immunotherapy for childhood rhabdomyosarcoma. Pediatric Blood & Cancer 57:6, 899-901
CrossRef54
Ary Serpa Neto, Marcos Tobias-Machado, Rafael Kaliks, Marcelo Langer Wroclawski, Antônio Carlos Lima Pompeo, Auro Del Giglio. (2011) Ten Years of Docetaxel-Based Therapies in Prostate Adenocarcinoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of 2244 Patients in 12 Randomized Clinical Trials. Clinical Genitourinary Cancer 9:2, 115-123
CrossRef55
Neeraj Agarwal, Guru Sonpavde, Cora N. Sternberg. (2011) Novel Molecular Targets for the Therapy of Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer. European Urology
CrossRef56
P Schwarzenberger, P Byrne, R Gaumer, J Norton, L Harrison, A Marrogi, J K Kolls. (2011) Treatment of mesothelioma with gene-modified PA1STK cells and ganciclovir: a phase I study. Cancer Gene Therapy 18:12, 906-912
CrossRef57
Hongmei Xu, Xuetao Cao. (2011) Dendritic cell vaccines in cancer immunotherapy: from biology to translational medicine. Frontiers of Medicine 5:4, 323-332
CrossRef58
Guru Sonpavde, Giuseppe Di Lorenzo, Celestia S. Higano, Philip W. Kantoff, Ravi A. Madan, Neal D. Shore. (2011) Reply form Authors re: Bertrand Tombal. Continuous Improvement Versus Innovation: The Case for Sipuleucel-T. Eur Urol. In press. DOI:10.1016/j.eururo.2011.11.033. European Urology
CrossRef59
Gaetano Finocchiaro, Serena Pellegatta. (2011) Immunotherapy for glioma. Current Opinion in Neurology 24:6, 641-647
CrossRef60
Mehmet Asim Bilen, Rosale General, Shi-Ming Tu. (2011) Prolonged Remission of Fulminant Castrate-Resistant Prostate Cancer: A Case Report. Clinical Genitourinary Cancer 9:2, 133-136
CrossRef61
Wiktoria Maria Suchorska, Hanna Dams-Kozlowska, Urszula Kazimierczak, Piotr Jan Wysocki, Andrzej Mackiewicz. (2011) Hyper-interleukin-11 novel designer molecular adjuvant targeting gp130 for whole cell cancer vaccines. Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy 11:12, 1555-1567
CrossRef62
Deepak Kilari, Supriya Gupta Mohile. (2011) Management of Cancer in the Older Adult. Clinics in Geriatric Medicine
CrossRef63
Adam T. Waickman, Angela Alme, Liana Senaldi, Paul E. Zarek, Maureen Horton, Jonathan D. Powell. (2011) Enhancement of tumor immunotherapy by deletion of the A2A adenosine receptor. Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy
CrossRef64
B. Molitor, C. Börgermann. (2011) Zweitlinientherapie beim kastrationsresistenten Prostatakarzinom (CRPC). Der Urologe
CrossRef65
G. Sonpavde, V. Matveev, J. M. Burke, J. R. Caton, M. T. Fleming, T. E. Hutson, M. D. Galsky, W. R. Berry, P. Karlov, J. T. Holmlund, B. A. Wood, M. Brookes, L. Leopold. (2011) Randomized phase II trial of docetaxel plus prednisone in combination with placebo or AT-101, an oral small molecule Bcl-2 family antagonist, as first-line therapy for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Annals of Oncology
CrossRef66
Carsten-H. Ohlmann, Axel S. Merseburger, Henrik Suttmann, David Schilling, Lutz Trojan, Carsten Kempkensteffen, Stefan Corvin, Michael J. Mathers, Patrick J. Bastian. (2011) Novel options for the treatment of castration-resistant prostate cancer. World Journal of Urology
CrossRef67
Charles E. Jakobsche, Patrick J. McEnaney, Andrew X. Zhang, David A. Spiegel. (2011) Reprogramming Urokinase into an Antibody-Recruiting Anticancer Agent. ACS Chemical Biology111118125357002
CrossRef68
F. Dayyani, G. E. Gallick, C. J. Logothetis, P. G. Corn. (2011) Novel Therapies for Metastatic Castrate-Resistant Prostate Cancer. JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute 103:22, 1665-1675
CrossRef69
I. Poschke, Y. Mao, L. Adamson, F. Salazar-Onfray, G. Masucci, R. Kiessling. (2011) Myeloid-derived suppressor cells impair the quality of dendritic cell vaccines. Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy
CrossRef70
S. H. van der Burg, M. Kalos, C. Gouttefangeas, S. Janetzki, C. Ottensmeier, M. J. P. Welters, P. Romero, C. M. Britten, A. Hoos. (2011) Harmonization of Immune Biomarker Assays for Clinical Studies. Science Translational Medicine 3:108, 108ps44-108ps44
CrossRef71
E. H. J. G. Aarntzen, M. Srinivas, J. H. W. De Wilt, J. F. M. Jacobs, W. J. Lesterhuis, A. D. Windhorst, E. G. Troost, J. J. Bonenkamp, M. M. van Rossum, W. A. M. Blokx, R. D. Mus, O. C. Boerman, C. J. A. Punt, C. G. Figdor, W. J. G. Oyen, I. J. M. de Vries. (2011) Early identification of antigen-specific immune responses in vivo by [18F]-labeled 3'-fluoro-3'-deoxy-thymidine ([18F]FLT) PET imaging. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 108:45, 18396-18399
CrossRef72
Winald R. Gerritsen, Padmanee Sharma. (2011) Current and Emerging Treatment Options for Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer: A Focus on Immunotherapy. Journal of Clinical Immunology
CrossRef73
Daniel J. Lee, Eugene K. Cha, Justin M. Dubin, Himisha Beltran, Thomas F. Chromecki, Harun Fajkovic, Douglas S. Scherr, Scott T. Tagawa, Shahrokh F. Shariat. (2011) Novel therapeutics for the management of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). BJU Internationalno-no
CrossRef74
Jenny J Kim, Daniel Keizman, Samuel R Denmeade, Emmanuel S Antonarakis. (2011) The unfolding treatment landscape for men with castration-resistant prostate cancer. Clinical Investigation 1:11, 1533-1544
CrossRef75
Robert B. Sims. (2011) Development of sipuleucel-T: Autologous cellular immunotherapy for the treatment of metastatic castrate resistant prostate cancer. Vaccine
CrossRef76
Celestia S. Higano, E. David Crawford. (2011) New and emerging agents for the treatment of castration-resistant prostate cancer. Urologic Oncology: Seminars and Original Investigations 29:6, 1-8
CrossRef77
Oliver Sartor, William Goeckeler, Oyvind Bruland. (2011) Stromal targeted therapy in bone metastatic prostate cancer: promise delivered. Asian Journal of Andrology 13:6, 783-784
CrossRef78
Alexander Kirschenbaum, Xin-Hua Liu, Shen Yao, Amanda Leiter, Alice C. Levine. (2011) Prostatic acid phosphatase is expressed in human prostate cancer bone metastases and promotes osteoblast differentiation. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1237:1, 64-70
CrossRef79
Luigi Buonaguro, Maria Tagliamonte, Maria Lina Tornesello, Franco M Buonaguro. (2011) Developments in virus-like particle-based vaccines for infectious diseases and cancer. Expert Review of Vaccines 10:11, 1569-1583
CrossRef80
Bertrand Tombal. (2011) Continuous Improvement Versus Innovation: The Case for Sipuleucel-T. European Urology
CrossRef81
Monika Adamczyk-Poplawska, Sergiusz Markowicz, Elzbieta K. Jagusztyn-Krynicka. (2011) Proteomics for development of vaccine. Journal of Proteomics 74:12, 2596-2616
CrossRef82
Marilyn N Bulloch, Mohammed M Elayan, Holly R Renfroe. (2011) Sipuleucel-T: a therapeutic cancer vaccine for the treatment of castration- or hormone-refractory prostate cancer. Expert Review of Clinical Pharmacology 4:6, 685-692
CrossRef83
Andrew D. Weinberg, Nicholas P. Morris, Magdalena Kovacsovics-Bankowski, Walter J. Urba, Brendan D. Curti. (2011) Science gone translational: the OX40 agonist story. Immunological Reviews 244:1, 218-231
CrossRef84
Roberto Iacovelli, Antonella Palazzo, Giuseppe Procopio, Paola Gazzaniga, Enrico Cortesi. (2011) Abiraterone acetate in castration-resistant prostate cancer. Anti-Cancer Drugs1
CrossRef85
Andrew J. Armstrong, Mario A. Eisenberger, Susan Halabi, Stephane Oudard, David M. Nanus, Daniel P. Petrylak, A. Oliver Sartor, Howard I. Scher. (2011) Biomarkers in the Management and Treatment of Men with Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer. European Urology
CrossRef86
Padmanee Sharma, Klaus Wagner, Jedd D. Wolchok, James P. Allison. (2011) Novel cancer immunotherapy agents with survival benefit: recent successes and next steps. Nature Reviews Cancer 11:11, 805-812
CrossRef87
Christina S. Chu, Jean Boyer, Daniel S. Schullery, Phyllis A. Gimotty, Victoria Gamerman, James Bender, Bruce L. Levine, George Coukos, Stephen C. Rubin, Mark A. Morgan, Robert H. Vonderheide, Carl H. June. (2011) Phase I/II randomized trial of dendritic cell vaccination with or without cyclophosphamide for consolidation therapy of advanced ovarian cancer in first or second remission. Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy
CrossRef88
Axel Hoos, Cedrik M Britten, Christoph Huber, Jill O'Donnell-Tormey. (2011) A methodological framework to enhance the clinical success of cancer immunotherapy. Nature Biotechnology 29:10, 867-870
CrossRef89
M. A. Liu. (2011) Cancer vaccines. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 366:1579, 2823-2826
CrossRef90
S Miyamoto, K Ito, M Miyakubo, R Suzuki, T Yamamoto, K Suzuki, K Suzuki, H Yamanaka. (2011) Impact of pretreatment factors, biopsy Gleason grade volume indices and post-treatment nadir PSA on overall survival in patients with metastatic prostate cancer treated with step-up hormonal therapy. Prostate Cancer and Prostatic Diseases
CrossRef91
L. Weißbach. (2011) Welche Inhalte sollte eine „living guideline“ besetzen?. Der Urologe
CrossRef92
J. Bedke, C. Gouttefangeas, A. Stenzl. (2011) Prostatakarzinom. Der Urologe
CrossRef93
Lori Wood, Stephanie Snow. (2011) Summary of the 15th Annual Atlantic Canada Oncology Group Symposium. Expert Review of Anticancer Therapy 11:10, 1491-1493
CrossRef94
Andreas Draube, Nela Klein-González, Michael von Bergwelt-Baildon. (2011) Proving the principle: dendritic cell-based vaccines in urogenital cancers. Expert Review of Vaccines 10:10, 1355-1357
CrossRef95
Éric Tartour, Federico Sandoval, Jean-Yves Bonnefoy, Wolf H. Fridman. (2011) Immunothérapie des cancers. médecine/sciences 27:10, 833-841
CrossRef96
Franco Lori. (2011) DermaVir: a plasmid DNA-based nanomedicine therapeutic vaccine for the treatment of HIV/AIDS. Expert Review of Vaccines 10:10, 1371-1384
CrossRef97
Joseph W. Kim, Ravi A. Madan, James L. Gulley. (2011) Initial PSA Oscillations Precede Prolonged Stable Disease in a Patient Treated With a Therapeutic Cancer Vaccine. Clinical Genitourinary Cancer
CrossRef98
Nathalie Cools, Annacarmen Petrizzo, Evelien Smits, Franco M Buonaguro, Maria L Tornesello, Zwi Berneman, Luigi Buonaguro. (2011) Dendritic cells in the pathogenesis and treatment of human diseases: a Janus Bifrons?. Immunotherapy 3:10, 1203-1222
CrossRef99
L. Bik To, Jean-Pierre Levesque, Kirsten E. Herbert, Ingrid G. Winkler, Linda J. Bendall, Devendra K. Hiwase, Vicki Antonenas, Alison M. Rice, David Gottlieb, Anthony K. Mills, John EJ. Rasko, Stephen Larsen, Ashanka Beligaswatte, Susan K. Nilsson, Julian P. Cooney, Antony C. Cambareri, Ian D. Lewis. (2011) Mobilisation strategies for normal and malignant cells. Pathology 43:6, 547-565
CrossRef100
Constantine Alifrangis, Ciara O'Hanlon-Brown, Mark Tuthill, Jonathan Waxman. (2011) New drugs for prostate cancer. BJU Internationalno-no
CrossRef101
I. Ouzaid, V. Ravery. (2011) Sipuleucel-T : un vaccin contre le cancer de la prostate : « mode d’emploi » pour les urologues. Progrès en Urologie 21:9, 595-598
CrossRef102
Guru Sonpavde, Giuseppe Di Lorenzo, Celestia S. Higano, Philip W. Kantoff, Ravi Madan, Neal D. Shore. (2011) The Role of Sipuleucel-T in Therapy for Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer: A Critical Analysis of the Literature. European Urology
CrossRef103
Dhwanishiva Vasani, David Y. Josephson, Courtney Carmichael, Oliver Sartor, Sumanta Kumar Pal. (2011) Recent advances in the therapy of castration-resistant prostate cancer: The price of progress. Maturitas 70:2, 194-196
CrossRef104
Frances A. Shepherd, Jean-Yves Douillard, George R. Blumenschein. (2011) Immunotherapy for Non-small Cell Lung Cancer. Journal of Thoracic Oncology 6:10, 1763-1773
CrossRef105
M. D. Michaelson, J. Bellmunt, G. R. Hudes, S. Goel, R. J. Lee, P. W. Kantoff, C. A. Stein, P. Lardelli, I. Pardos, C. Kahatt, A. Nieto, M. Cullell-Young, N. L. Lewis, M. R. Smith. (2011) Multicenter phase II study of trabectedin in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Annals of Oncology
CrossRef106
J. S. de Bono, L. R. Molife, G. Sonpavde, J. P. Maroto, E. Calvo, T. H. Cartwright, D. M. Loesch, K. Feit, A. Das, E. A. Zang, J. Wanders, S. Agoulnik, D. P. Petrylak. (2011) Phase II study of eribulin mesylate (E7389) in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer stratified by prior taxane therapy. Annals of Oncology
CrossRef107
Megan M. O'Meara, Mary L. Disis. (2011) Therapeutic Cancer Vaccines and Translating Vaccinomics Science to the Global Health Clinic: Emerging Applications Toward Proof of Concept. OMICS: A Journal of Integrative Biology 15:9, 579-588
CrossRef108
Teofila Seremet, Francis Brasseur, Pierre G. Coulie. (2011) Tumor-Specific Antigens and Immunologic Adjuvants in Cancer Immunotherapy. The Cancer Journal 17:5, 325-330
CrossRef109
C. Nabhan, B. Parsons, E. Z. Touloukian, W. M. Stadler. (2011) Novel approaches and future directions in castration-resistant prostate cancer. Annals of Oncology 22:9, 1948-1957
CrossRef110
Michael Postow, Margaret K. Callahan, Jedd D. Wolchok. (2011) Beyond Cancer Vaccines. The Cancer Journal 17:5, 372-378
CrossRef111
Tim Kees, Mikala Egeblad. (2011) Innate Immune Cells in Breast Cancer – From Villains to Heroes?. Journal of Mammary Gland Biology and Neoplasia 16:3, 189-203
CrossRef112
S C-H KAO, E HOVEY, G MARX. (2011) Second-line therapy for castrate-resistant prostate cancer: A literature review. Asia-Pacific Journal of Clinical Oncology 7:3, 212-223
CrossRef113
J.A. Harrington, R.J. Jones. (2011) Management of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer after first-line docetaxel. European Journal of Cancer 47:14, 2133-2142
CrossRef114
Qiang Fu, Yanfeng Wu, Fang Yan, Ning Wang, Wenying Wang, Xuetao Cao, Yajie Wang, Tao Wan. (2011) Efficient induction of a Her2-specific anti-tumor response by dendritic cells pulsed with a Hsp70L1–Her2341–456 fusion protein. Cellular and Molecular Immunology 8:5, 424-432
CrossRef115
Richard Sullivan, Jeffrey Peppercorn, Karol Sikora, John Zalcberg, Neal J Meropol, Eitan Amir, David Khayat, Peter Boyle, Philippe Autier, Ian F Tannock, Tito Fojo, Jim Siderov, Steve Williamson, Silvia Camporesi, J Gordon McVie, Arnie D Purushotham, Peter Naredi, Alexander Eggermont, Murray F Brennan, Michael L Steinberg, Mark De Ridder, Susan A McCloskey, Dirk Verellen, Terence Roberts, Guy Storme, Rodney J Hicks, Peter J Ell, Bradford R Hirsch, David P Carbone, Kevin A Schulman, Paul Catchpole, David Taylor, Jan Geissler, Nancy G Brinker, David Meltzer, David Kerr, Matti Aapro. (2011) Delivering affordable cancer care in high-income countries. The Lancet Oncology 12:10, 933-980
CrossRef116
E S Antonarakis, A J Armstrong. (2011) Evolving standards in the treatment of docetaxel-refractory castration-resistant prostate cancer. Prostate Cancer and Prostatic Diseases 14:3, 192-205
CrossRef117
Simon Turcotte, Steven A. Rosenberg. (2011) Immunotherapy for Metastatic Solid Cancers. Advances in Surgery 45:1, 341-360
CrossRef118
Sumanta Kumar Pal, Oliver Sartor. (2011) Current paradigms and Evolving concepts in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Asian Journal of Andrology 13:5, 683-689
CrossRef119
James C. Yang. (2011) Melanoma Vaccines. The Cancer Journal 17:5, 277-282
CrossRef120
Erika Jensen-Jarolim, Josef Singer. (2011) Cancer vaccines inducing antibody production: more pros than cons. Expert Review of Vaccines 10:9, 1281-1289
CrossRef121
Cora N. Sternberg. (2011) Novel treatments for castration-resistant prostate cancer. European Journal of Cancer 47, S195-S199
CrossRef122
Charles G. Drake. (2011) Update on Prostate Cancer Vaccines. The Cancer Journal 17:5, 294-299
CrossRef123
Constantin N. Baxevanis, Sonia A. Perez, Michael Papamichail. (2011) Developing effective cancer vaccines. European Journal of Cancer 47, S364-S365
CrossRef124
Simon J. Hall, Laurence Klotz, Allan J. Pantuck, Daniel J. George, James B. Whitmore, Mark W. Frohlich, Robert B. Sims. (2011) Integrated Safety Data From 4 Randomized, Double-Blind, Controlled Trials of Autologous Cellular Immunotherapy With Sipuleucel-T in Patients With Prostate Cancer. The Journal of Urology 186:3, 877-881
CrossRef125
Celestia S. Higano. (2011) New treatment options for patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Cancer Treatment Reviews
CrossRef126
Abhay R. Shelke, Supriya G. Mohile. (2011) Treating Prostate Cancer in Elderly Men: How Does Aging Affect the Outcome?. Current Treatment Options in Oncology 12:3, 263-275
CrossRef127
Sarah E. Church, Shawn M. Jensen, Christopher G. Twitty, Keith Bahjat, Hong-Ming Hu, Walter J. Urba, Bernard A. Fox. (2011) Multiple Vaccinations. The Cancer Journal 17:5, 379-396
CrossRef128
M. Wirth, S. Zastrow. (2011) Prostatakarzinom. Der Urologe 50:S1, 173-175
CrossRef129
Amit Bahl, Raj Persad. (2011) Metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer: New landscape, new challenges. British Journal of Medical and Surgical Urology 4, S9-S13
CrossRef130
Emmanuel S Antonarakis. (2011) Abiraterone acetate for prostate cancer: a new era of hormonal therapies. Asian Journal of Andrology 13:5, 663-664
CrossRef131
Alexander M.M. Eggermont. (2011) Therapeutic Cancer Vaccine Development. The Cancer Journal 17:5, 276
CrossRef132
Stephen B Williams, Aaron H Lay, Clayton S Lau, David Y Josephson, Timothy G Wilson, Toni K Choueiri, Sumanta K Pal. (2011) New therapies for castrate-resistant prostate cancer. Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy 12:13, 2069-2074
CrossRef133
Kwong Y Tsang, James L Gulley. (2011) Highlights on FOXO3 and tumor-associated dendritic cells in prostate cancer. Asian Journal of Andrology 13:5, 657-658
CrossRef134
Julie N. Graff, Tomasz M. Beer. (2011) Toward predictors of survival in castration-resistant prostate cancer. Cancer 117:17, 3882-3884
CrossRef135
Marijo Bilusic, Christopher Heery, Ravi A. Madan. (2011) Immunotherapy in prostate cancer: Emerging strategies against a formidable foe. Vaccine 29:38, 6485-6497
CrossRef136
Katherine Kabaker, Kathryn Shell, Howard L. Kaufman. (2011) Vaccines for Colorectal Cancer and Renal Cell Carcinoma. The Cancer Journal 17:5, 283-293
CrossRef137
J. Puente Vazquez, E. Grande Pulido, L. M. Anton Aparicio. (2011) Cytokine and endocrine signaling in prostate cancer. Medical Oncology
CrossRef138
Timothy A. Yap, Andrea Zivi, Aurelius Omlin, Johann S. de Bono. (2011) The changing therapeutic landscape of castration-resistant prostate cancer. Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology 8:10, 597-610
CrossRef139
Shuji Ogino, Jérôme Galon, Charles S. Fuchs, Glenn Dranoff. (2011) Cancer immunology—analysis of host and tumor factors for personalized medicine. Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology 8:12, 711-719
CrossRef140
Oliver Sartor. (2011) Combination therapy: Abiraterone prolongs survival in metastatic prostate cancer. Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology 8:9, 515-516
CrossRef141
Steven A. Rosenberg. (2011) Cell transfer immunotherapy for metastatic solid cancer—what clinicians need to know. Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology 8:10, 577-585
CrossRef142
Vincent K. Tuohy, Ritika Jaini. (2011) Prophylactic cancer vaccination by targeting functional non-self. Annals of Medicine 43:5, 356-365
CrossRef143
Benedetto Farsaci, Anna Kwilas, James W. Hodge. 2011. Design, development, and translation of poxvirus-based vaccines for cancer. , 56-77.
CrossRef144
Pedro de Sousa Alves, Vincent Brichard. 2011. Recombinant protein vaccination for antigen-specific cancer immunotherapy. , 87-102.
CrossRef145
Greg L. Plosker. (2011) Sipuleucel-T in Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer†. BioDrugs 25:4, 255-256
CrossRef146
Maeve A. Lowery, Eileen M. OʼReilly. (2011) New Approaches to the Treatment of Pancreatic Cancer. BioDrugs 25:4, 207-216
CrossRef147
Thomas Schwaab, Roberto Pili. (2011) Provenge: combating prostate cancer with a vengeance?. Expert Review of Vaccines 10:8, 1113-1114
CrossRef148
David L. Urdal, Mark W. Frohlich. 2011. Autologous cellular immunotherapy in late-stage prostate cancer: The development history of Sipuleucel-T (PROVENGE®). , 44-55.
CrossRef149
Shinichiro Motohashi, Yoshitaka Okamoto, Ichiro Yoshino, Toshinori Nakayama. (2011) Anti-tumor immune responses induced by iNKT cell-based immunotherapy for lung cancer and head and neck cancer. Clinical Immunology 140:2, 167-176
CrossRef150
Guru Sonpavde, Neeraj Agarwal, Toni K Choueiri, Philip W Kantoff. (2011) Recent advances in immunotherapy for the treatment of prostate cancer. Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy 11:8, 997-1009
CrossRef151
Guru Sonpavde, Gerhardt Attard, Joaquim Bellmunt, Malcolm D. Mason, Bernard Malavaud, Bertrand Tombal, Cora N. Sternberg. (2011) The Role of Abiraterone Acetate in the Management of Prostate Cancer: A Critical Analysis of the Literature. European Urology 60:2, 270-278
CrossRef152
Eddie Thara, Tanya B. Dorff, Jacek K. Pinski, David I. Quinn. (2011) Vaccine therapy with sipuleucel-T (Provenge) for prostate cancer. Maturitas 69:4, 296-303
CrossRef153
Gisella E. Vittes, Elena L. Harden, Christian H. Ottensmeier, Jason Rice, Freda K. Stevenson. (2011) DNA fusion gene vaccines induce cytotoxic T-cell attack on naturally processed peptides of human prostate-specific membrane antigen. European Journal of Immunology 41:8, 2447-2456
CrossRef154
Aimee E Hammerstrom, Diana H Cauley, Bradley J Atkinson, Padmanee Sharma. (2011) Cancer Immunotherapy: Sipuleucel-T and Beyond. Pharmacotherapy 31:8, 813-828
CrossRef155
Christian Bauer, Marc Dauer, Samira Saraj, Maximilian Schnurr, Franz Bauernfeind, Alexander Sterzik, Jana Junkmann, Veronika Jakl, Rosemarie Kiefl, Fuat Oduncu, Bertold Emmerich, Doris Mayr, Thomas Mussack, Christiane Bruns, Dominik Rüttinger, Claudius Conrad, Karl-Walter Jauch, Stefan Endres, Andreas Eigler. (2011) Dendritic cell-based vaccination of patients with advanced pancreatic carcinoma: results of a pilot study. Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy 60:8, 1097-1107
CrossRef156
Anna-Maria De Costa, M. Rita I. Young. (2011) Immunotherapy for head and neck cancer. Anti-Cancer Drugs 22:7, 674-681
CrossRef157
W. Joost Lesterhuis, John B. A. G. Haanen, Cornelis J. A. Punt. (2011) Cancer immunotherapy – revisited. Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 10:8, 591-600
CrossRef158
Himisha Beltran, Tomasz M. Beer, Michael A. Carducci, Johann de Bono, Martin Gleave, Maha Hussain, William K. Kelly, Fred Saad, Cora Sternberg, Scott T. Tagawa, Ian F. Tannock. (2011) New Therapies for Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer: Efficacy and Safety. European Urology 60:2, 279-290
CrossRef159
Antoni Ribas, Adrian Bot. 2011. Introduction: Cancer vaccines—mechanisms and a clinical overview. , 1-8.
CrossRef160
Freda K. Stevenson, Ann Mander, Lindsey Chudley, Christian H. Ottensmeier. (2011) DNA fusion vaccines enter the clinic. Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy 60:8, 1147-1151
CrossRef161
Neeraj Agarwal, Nicholas J. Vogelzang. 2011. Development of novel immune interventions for genito-urinary cancers. , 25-43.
CrossRef162
J. W. Uhr, K. Pantel. (2011) Controversies in clinical cancer dormancy. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 108:30, 12396-12400
CrossRef163
Emma K. Beardsley, Sebastien J. Hotte, Scott North, Susan L. Ellard, Eric Winquist, Christian Kollmannsberger, Som D. Mukherjee, Kim N. Chi. (2011) A phase II study of sorafenib in combination with bicalutamide in patients with chemotherapy-naive castration resistant prostate cancer. Investigational New Drugs
CrossRef164
Amine A. Kamen, Marc G. Aucoin, Otto-Wilhelm Merten, Paula Alves, Yoshifumi Hashimoto, Kari Airenne, Yu-Chen Hu, Mauro Mezzina, Monique M. van Oers. (2011) An initiative to manufacture and characterize baculovirus reference material. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 107, S113-S117
CrossRef165
A Leary, JM Larkin, Lisa M Pickering. (2011) Cytokine therapy for renal cell cancer: the evolving role of immunomodulation. Therapy 8:4, 347-358
CrossRef166
Ronald M Bukowski. (2011) Renal cell carcinoma: immunotherapy revisited. Therapy 8:4, 335-338
CrossRef167
Jimmy A Mena, Amine A Kamen. (2011) Insect cell technology is a versatile and robust vaccine manufacturing platform. Expert Review of Vaccines 10:7, 1063-1081
CrossRef168
Monique M. van Oers. (2011) Opportunities and challenges for the baculovirus expression system. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 107, S3-S15
CrossRef169
Håkan Mellstedt, Johan Vansteenkiste, Nick Thatcher. (2011) Vaccines for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer: Investigational approaches and clinical experience. Lung Cancer 73:1, 11-17
CrossRef170
Elizabeth A. Vasievich, Leaf Huang. (2011) The Suppressive Tumor Microenvironment: A Challenge in Cancer Immunotherapy. Molecular Pharmaceutics 8:3, 635-641
CrossRef171
Schwartzentruber, Douglas J., Lawson, David H., Richards, Jon M., Conry, Robert M., Miller, Donald M., Treisman, Jonathan, Gailani, Fawaz, Riley, Lee, Conlon, Kevin, Pockaj, Barbara, Kendra, Kari L., White, Richard L., Gonzalez, Rene, Kuzel, Timothy M., Curti, Brendan, Leming, Phillip D., Whitman, Eric D., Balkissoon, Jai, Reintgen, Douglas S., Kaufman, Howard, Marincola, Francesco M., Merino, Maria J., Rosenberg, Steven A., Choyke, Peter, Vena, Don, Hwu, Patrick, . (2011) gp100 Peptide Vaccine and Interleukin-2 in Patients with Advanced Melanoma. New England Journal of Medicine 364:22, 2119-2127
Full Text172
Robert O. Dillman, Neil M. Barth, Louis A. VanderMolen, Warren H. Fong, Khosrow K. Mahdavi, Stephanie E. McClure. (2011) Should High-Dose Interleukin-2 Still be the Preferred Treatment for Patients with Metastatic Renal Cell Cancer?. Cancer Biotherapy & Radiopharmaceuticals 26:3, 273-277
CrossRef173
Elizabeth A Mittendorf, Gheath Alatrash, Haile Xiao, G Travis Clifton, James L Murray, George E Peoples. (2011) Breast cancer vaccines: ongoing National Cancer Institute-registered clinical trials. Expert Review of Vaccines 10:6, 755-774
CrossRef174
Ninke Leffers, Toos Daemen, H Marike Boezen, Kees JM Melief, Hans W Nijman. (2011) Vaccine-based clinical trials in ovarian cancer. Expert Review of Vaccines 10:6, 775-784
CrossRef175
Carlo Buonerba, Piera Federico, Carmine D’Aniello, Pasquale Rescigno, Carla Cavaliere, Livio Puglia, Matteo Ferro, Vincenzo Altieri, Sisto Perdonà, Sabino De Placido, Giuseppe Di Lorenzo. (2011) Phase II trial of cisplatin plus prednisone in docetaxel-refractory castration-resistant prostate cancer patients. Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology 67:6, 1455-1461
CrossRef176
Akie Yamahira, Miwako Narita, Takeshi Nakamura, Norihiro Watanabe, Masami Kaji, Tomoyo Taniguchi, Shigeo Hashimoto, Tatsuo Furukawa, Ken Toba, Yoshifusa Aizawa, Kiyotaka Kuzushima, Masuhiro Takahashi. (2011) Generation of antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes using a leukemic plasmacytoid dendritic cell line as antigen presenting cells. Leukemia Research 35:6, 793-799
CrossRef177
Frank M Speetjens, Eliane CM Zeestraten, Peter JK Kuppen, Cornelis JM Melief, Sjoerd H van der Burg. (2011) Colorectal cancer vaccines in clinical trials. Expert Review of Vaccines 10:6, 899-921
CrossRef178
Dev Karan, Seema Dubey, Peter Van Veldhuizen, Jeffrey M Holzbeierlein, Ossama Tawfik, J Brantley Thrasher. (2011) Dual antigen target-based immunotherapy for prostate cancer eliminates the growth of established tumors in mice. Immunotherapy 3:6, 735-746
CrossRef179
Tali M. Johnson. (2011) Care of the Elderly Patient with Prostate Cancer: What's New and What's the Same. The Consultant Pharmacist 26:6, 390-399
CrossRef180
Daniel P. Petrylak. (2011) Current Clinical Trials in Castrate-Resistant Prostate Cancer. Current Urology Reports 12:3, 173-179
CrossRef181
Yutaka Enomoto. (2011) Exploring immune therapy for renal cancer. International Journal of Urology 18:6, 412-421
CrossRef182
Saroj Niraula, Ian F. Tannock. (2011) Broadening horizons in medical management of prostate cancer. Acta Oncologica 50:S1, 141-147
CrossRef183
Ravi A Madan, Jeanny B Aragon-Ching, James L Gulley, William L Dahut. (2011) From clinical trials to clinical practice: therapeutic cancer vaccines for the treatment of prostate cancer. Expert Review of Vaccines 10:6, 743-753
CrossRef184
Michael A Morse, Deborah A Bradley, Tibor Keler, Robert J Laliberte, Jennifer A Green, Thomas A Davis, Brant A Inman. (2011) CDX-1307: a novel vaccine under study as treatment for muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Expert Review of Vaccines 10:6, 733-742
CrossRef185
M. Laramas, C. Costan, A. Tessier, D. Farneti. (2011) Cancer de prostate métastatique résistant à la castration : le point de vue de l’oncologue médical. Médecine Nucléaire 35:6, 378-383
CrossRef186
Steven E. Canfield, Philipp Dahm. (2011) Rating the quality of evidence and the strength of recommendations using GRADE. World Journal of Urology 29:3, 311-317
CrossRef187
John Puskas, Denise Skrombolas, Abigail Sedlacek, Edith Lord, Mark Sullivan, John Frelinger. (2011) Development of an attenuated interleukin-2 fusion protein that can be activated by tumour-expressed proteases. Immunology 133:2, 206-220
CrossRef188
Raid Aljumaily, Paul Mathew. (2011) Optimal Management of Bone Metastases in Prostate Cancer. Current Oncology Reports 13:3, 222-230
CrossRef189
Nicola Hardwick, Benjamin Chain. (2011) Epitope spreading contributes to effective immunotherapy in metastatic melanoma patients. Immunotherapy 3:6, 731-733
CrossRef190
Marco Bregni, Wolfgang Herr, Didier Blaise. (2011) Allogeneic stem cell transplantation for renal cell carcinoma. Expert Review of Anticancer Therapy 11:6, 901-911
CrossRef191
de Bono, Johann S., Logothetis, Christopher J., Molina, Arturo, Fizazi, Karim, North, Scott, Chu, Luis, Chi, Kim N., Jones, Robert J., Goodman, Oscar B. Jr., Saad, Fred, Staffurth, John N., Mainwaring, Paul, Harland, Stephen, Flaig, Thomas W., Hutson, Thomas E., Cheng, Tina, Patterson, Helen, Hainsworth, John D., Ryan, Charles J., Sternberg, Cora N., Ellard, Susan L., Fléchon, Aude, Saleh, Mansoor, Scholz, Mark, Efstathiou, Eleni, Zivi, Andrea, Bianchini, Diletta, Loriot, Yohann, Chieffo, Nicole, Kheoh, Thian, Haqq, Christopher M., Scher, Howard I., . (2011) Abiraterone and Increased Survival in Metastatic Prostate Cancer. New England Journal of Medicine 364:21, 1995-2005
Full Text192
Antonarakis, Emmanuel S., Eisenberger, Mario A., . (2011) Expanding Treatment Options for Metastatic Prostate Cancer. New England Journal of Medicine 364:21, 2055-2058
Full Text193
Giuseppe Di Lorenzo, Carlo Buonerba, Philip W. Kantoff. (2011) Immunotherapy for the treatment of prostate cancer. Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology 8:9, 551-561
CrossRef194
Maurizio Chiriva-Internati, Leonardo Mirandola, W. Martin Kast, Marjorie R. Jenkins, Everardo Cobos, Martin J. Cannon. (2011) Understanding the Cross-Talk between Ovarian Tumors and Immune Cells: Mechanisms for Effective Immunotherapies. International Reviews of Immunology 30:2-3, 71-86
CrossRef195
Chambers, James D., Neumann, Peter J., . (2011) Listening to Provenge — What a Costly Cancer Treatment Says about Future Medicare Policy. New England Journal of Medicine 364:18, 1687-1689
Full Text196
Hideho Okada, Ian F Pollack. (2011) Do we need novel radiologic response criteria for brain tumor immunotherapy?. Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics 11:5, 619-622
CrossRef197
Jeanette E Boudreau, Aude Bonehill, Kris Thielemans, Yonghong Wan. (2011) Engineering Dendritic Cells to Enhance Cancer Immunotherapy. Molecular Therapy 19:5, 841-853
CrossRef198
Karen E Knudsen, William Kevin Kelly. (2011) Outsmarting androgen receptor: creative approaches for targeting aberrant androgen signaling in advanced prostate cancer. Expert Review of Endocrinology & Metabolism 6:3, 483-493
CrossRef199
Guru Sonpavde, Cora N Sternberg. (2011) Contemporary management of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Current Opinion in Urology 21:3, 241-247
CrossRef200
Jarad M. Martin, Stephane Supiot, Dominik R. Berthold. (2011) Pharmacotherapeutic Management of Locally Advanced Prostate Cancer. Drugs 71:8, 1019-1041
CrossRef201
Yichao Wu, Jonathan E Rosenberg, Mary-Ellen Taplin. (2011) Novel agents and new therapeutics in castration-resistant prostate cancer. Current Opinion in Oncology 23:3, 290-296
CrossRef202
A Bagnato, M Loizidou, BR Pflug, J Curwen, J Growcott. (2011) Role of the endothelin axis and its antagonists in the treatment of cancer. British Journal of Pharmacology 163:2, 220-233
CrossRef203
Saleha Sajid, Supriya G. Mohile, Russell Szmulewitz, Edwin Posadas, William Dale. (2011) Individualized Decision-Making for Older Men With Prostate Cancer: Balancing Cancer Control With Treatment Consequences Across the Clinical Spectrum. Seminars in Oncology 38:2, 309-325
CrossRef204
Christopher S Hourigan, Judith E Karp. (2011) New considerations in the design of clinical trials for the treatment of acute leukemia. Clinical Investigation 1:4, 509-517
CrossRef205
Dieter Jocham, Martin Sommerauer. (2011) Re: Prednisone Plus Cabazitaxel or Mitoxantrone for Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Progressing After Docetaxel Treatment: A Randomized Open-Label Trial. European Urology 59:4, 659
CrossRef206
Nicolas Mottet, Joaquim Bellmunt, Michel Bolla, Steven Joniau, Malcolm Mason, Vsevolod Matveev, Hans-Peter Schmid, Theo Van der Kwast, Thomas Wiegel, Filiberto Zattoni, Axel Heidenreich. (2011) EAU Guidelines on Prostate Cancer. Part II: Treatment of Advanced, Relapsing, and Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer. European Urology 59:4, 572-583
CrossRef207
Lindzy F Dodson, William G Hawkins, Peter Goedegebuure. (2011) Potential targets for pancreatic cancer immunotherapeutics. Immunotherapy 3:4, 517-537
CrossRef208
Timothy M. Clay, Takuya Osada, Zachary C. Hartman, Amy Hobeika, Gayathri Devi, Michael A. Morse, H. Kim Lyerly. (2011) Polyclonal immune responses to antigens associated with cancer signaling pathways and new strategies to enhance cancer vaccines. Immunologic Research 49:1-3, 235-247
CrossRef209
Estrella Carballido, Mayer Fishman. (2011) Sipuleucel-T: Prototype for Development of Anti-tumor Vaccines. Current Oncology Reports 13:2, 112-119
CrossRef210
Cosimo De Nunzio, Gero Kramer, Michael Marberger, Rodolfo Montironi, William Nelson, Fritz Schröder, Alessandro Sciarra, Andrea Tubaro. (2011) The Controversial Relationship Between Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia and Prostate Cancer: The Role of Inflammation. European Urology
CrossRef211
Roger S. Kirby, John M. Fitzpatrick. (2011) IMPROVED SURVIVAL PROSPECTS FOR PATIENTS WITH CASTRATION-RESISTANT PROSTATE CANCER. BJU International 107:5, 697-700
CrossRef212
Ajjai S Alva, Noah M Hahn, Ana M Aparicio, Rakesh Singal, Sarvari Yellapragada, Guru Sonpavde. (2011) Hypomethylating agents for urologic cancers. Future Oncology 7:3, 447-463
CrossRef213
Drew Pardoll. (2011) Timeline: a decade of advances in immunotherapy. Nature Medicine 17:3, 296-296
CrossRef214
David Quinn, Mitchell Gross. (2011) Show us a sign: the search for “game changing” prostate cancer biomarkers. The Lancet Oncology 12:3, 204-206
CrossRef215
Mary L. Disis. (2011) Immunologic biomarkers as correlates of clinical response to cancer immunotherapy. Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy 60:3, 433-442
CrossRef216
Federica Cavallo, Carla De Giovanni, Patrizia Nanni, Guido Forni, Pier-Luigi Lollini. (2011) 2011: the immune hallmarks of cancer. Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy 60:3, 319-326
CrossRef217
Jim Kling. (2011) Fresh from the biologic pipeline—2010. Nature Biotechnology 29:3, 197-200
CrossRef218
Che-Kai Tsao, William K Oh. (2011) Selective cell death mediated by small conditional RNAs: a novel therapeutic approach to cancer therapy. Asian Journal of Andrology 13:2, 181-182
CrossRef219
Derek Hart. (2011) The delivery of effective therapeutic cancer vaccination. Asian Journal of Andrology 13:2, 183-184
CrossRef220
Marijo Bilusic, William L Dahut. (2011) Cabazitaxel: a new drug for metastatic prostate cancer. Asian Journal of Andrology 13:2, 185-186
CrossRef221
Michael F. Berger, Michael S. Lawrence, Francesca Demichelis, Yotam Drier, Kristian Cibulskis, Andrey Y. Sivachenko, Andrea Sboner, Raquel Esgueva, Dorothee Pflueger, Carrie Sougnez, Robert Onofrio, Scott L. Carter, Kyung Park, Lukas Habegger, Lauren Ambrogio, Timothy Fennell, Melissa Parkin, Gordon Saksena, Douglas Voet, Alex H. Ramos, Trevor J. Pugh, Jane Wilkinson, Sheila Fisher, Wendy Winckler, Scott Mahan, Kristin Ardlie, Jennifer Baldwin, Jonathan W. Simons, Naoki Kitabayashi, Theresa Y. MacDonald, Philip W. Kantoff, Lynda Chin, Stacey B. Gabriel, Mark B. Gerstein, Todd R. Golub, Matthew Meyerson, Ashutosh Tewari, Eric S. Lander, Gad Getz, Mark A. Rubin, Levi A. Garraway. (2011) The genomic complexity of primary human prostate cancer. Nature 470:7333, 214-220
CrossRef222
Fernand Labrie. (2011) Blockade of testicular and adrenal androgens in prostate cancer treatment. Nature Reviews Urology 8:2, 73-85
CrossRef223
Lionel Apetoh, Clara Locher, François Ghiringhelli, Guido Kroemer, Laurence Zitvogel. (2011) Harnessing dendritic cells in cancer. Seminars in Immunology 23:1, 42-49
CrossRef224
Ravi A Madan, James L Gulley. (2011) Sipuleucel-T: harbinger of a new age of therapeutics for prostate cancer. Expert Review of Vaccines 10:2, 141-150
CrossRef225
Robert O. Dillman. (2011) Cancer Immunotherapy. Cancer Biotherapy & Radiopharmaceuticals 26:1, 1-64
CrossRef226
Sumanta Kumar Pal, Oliver Sartor. (2011) Phase III data for abiraterone in an evolving landscape for castration-resistant prostate cancer. Maturitas 68:2, 103-105
CrossRef227
Matteo Vergati, Vittore Cereda, Ravi A. Madan, James L. Gulley, Ngar-Yee Huen, Connie J. Rogers, Kenneth W. Hance, Philip M. Arlen, Jeffrey Schlom, Kwong Y. Tsang. (2011) Analysis of circulating regulatory T cells in patients with metastatic prostate cancer pre- versus post-vaccination. Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy 60:2, 197-206
CrossRef228
Erin A. Kimbrel, Shi-Jiang Lu. (2011) Potential Clinical Applications for Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Blood Components. Stem Cells International 2011, 1-11
CrossRef229
Nobukazu Komatsu, Satoko Matsueda, Kousuke Tashiro, Tetsuya Ioji, Shigeki Shichijo, Masanori Noguchi, Akira Yamada, Atsushi Doi, Shigetaka Suekane, Fukuko Moriya, Kei Matsuoka, Satoru Kuhara, Kyogo Itoh, Tetsuro Sasada. (2011) Gene expression profiles in peripheral blood as a biomarker in cancer patients receiving peptide vaccination. Cancern/a-n/a
CrossRef230
Darin A. Wick, Spencer D. Martin, Brad H. Nelson, John R. Webb. (2011) Profound CD8+ T cell immunity elicited by sequential daily immunization with exogenous antigen plus the TLR3 agonist poly(I:C). Vaccine 29:5, 984-993
CrossRef231
Carlo Buonerba, Matteo Ferro, Giuseppe Di Lorenzo. (2011) Sipuleucel-T for prostate cancer: the immunotherapy era has commenced. Expert Review of Anticancer Therapy 11:1, 25-28
CrossRef232
Seth M. Pollack, Elizabeth T. Loggers, Eve T. Rodler, Cassian Yee, Robin L. Jones. (2011) Immune-Based Therapies for Sarcoma. Sarcoma 2011, 1-7
CrossRef233
Oana Draghiciu, Hans W. Nijman, Toos Daemen. (2011) From Tumor Immunosuppression to Eradication: Targeting Homing and Activity of Immune Effector Cells to Tumors. Clinical and Developmental Immunology 2011, 1-15
CrossRef234
Greg L. Plosker. (2011) Sipuleucel-T. Drugs 71:1, 101-108
CrossRef235
Matteo Vergati, Jeffrey Schlom, Kwong Y. Tsang. (2011) The Consequence of Immune Suppressive Cells in the Use of Therapeutic Cancer Vaccines and Their Importance in Immune Monitoring. Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology 2011, 1-8
CrossRef236
Laura E. Johnson, Douglas G. McNeel. (2011) Identification of prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) specific HLA-DR1-restricted t-cell epitopes. The Prostaten/a-n/a
CrossRef237
Yael S. Barach, Jun Sik Lee, Xingxing Zang. (2011) T cell coinhibition in prostate cancer: new immune evasion pathways and emerging therapeutics. Trends in Molecular Medicine 17:1, 47-55
CrossRef238
Se Joong Kim, Sun Il Kim. (2011) Current Treatment Strategies for Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer. Korean Journal of Urology 52:3, 157
CrossRef239
C. M. Britten, S. Janetzki, S. H. Burg, C. Huber, M. Kalos, H. I. Levitsky, H. T. Maecker, C. J. M. Melief, J. O’Donnell-Tormey, K. Odunsi, L. J. Old, G. Pawelec, B. O. Roep, P. Romero, A. Hoos, M. M. Davis. (2011) Minimal information about T cell assays: the process of reaching the community of T cell immunologists in cancer and beyond. Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy 60:1, 15-22
CrossRef240
Paolo A Ascierto, Francesco M Marincola. (2011) Combination therapy: the next opportunity and challenge of medicine. Journal of Translational Medicine 9:1, 115
CrossRef241
Christopher A. Klebanoff, Nicolas Acquavella, Zhiya Yu, Nicholas P. Restifo. (2011) Therapeutic cancer vaccines: are we there yet?. Immunological Reviews 239:1, 27-44
CrossRef242
Katherine Tzou, Winston W Tan, Steven Buskirk. (2011) Treatment of men with rising prostate-specific antigen levels following radical prostatectomy. Expert Review of Anticancer Therapy 11:1, 125-136
CrossRef243
Neeraj Agarwal, Guru Sonpavde, Oliver Sartor. (2011) Cabazitaxel for the treatment of castration-resistant prostate cancer. Future Oncology 7:1, 15-24
CrossRef244
Matthew D. Morse, Douglas G. McNeel. (2011) T cells localized to the androgen-deprived prostate are TH1 and TH17 biased. The Prostaten/a-n/a
CrossRef245
Katherine J. O'Malley, Gabrielle Langmann, Junkui Ai, Raquel Ramos-Garcia, Robert L. Vessella, Zhou Wang. (2011) Hsp90 inhibitor 17-AAG inhibits progression of LuCaP35 xenograft prostate tumors to castration resistance. The Prostaten/a-n/a
CrossRef246
A Oliver Sartor. (2011) Progression of metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer: impact of therapeutic intervention in the post-docetaxel space. Journal of Hematology & Oncology 4:1, 18
CrossRef247
Ravi A Madan, James L Gulley. (2011) Therapeutic cancer vaccine fulfills the promise of immunotherapy in prostate cancer. Immunotherapy 3:1, 27-31
CrossRef248
Joanne Bronson, Murali Dhar, William Ewing, Nils Lonberg. 2011. To Market, To Market—2010. , 433-502.
CrossRef249
F. Pandolfi, R. Cianci, D. Pagliari, F. Casciano, C. Bagalà, A. Astone, R. Landolfi, C. Barone. (2011) The Immune Response to Tumors as a Tool toward Immunotherapy. Clinical and Developmental Immunology 2011, 1-12
CrossRef250
Jorge A. Garcia, Brian I. Rini. (2011) Castration-resistant prostate cancer: Many treatments, many options, many challenges ahead. Cancern/a-n/a
CrossRef251
Natasja K van den Engel, Dominik Rüttinger, Margareta Rusan, Robert Kammerer, Wolfgang Zimmermann, Rudolf A Hatz, Hauke Winter. (2011) Combination immunotherapy and active-specific tumor cell vaccination augments anti-cancer immunity in a mouse model of gastric cancer. Journal of Translational Medicine 9:1, 140
CrossRef252
Marco Randazzo, Peter Terness, Gerhard Opelz, Christian Kleist. (2011) Active specific immunotherapy of human cancers with the heat shock protein Gp96 - revisited. International Journal of Cancern/a-n/a
CrossRef253
I. Poschke, J. De Boniface, Y. Mao, R. Kiessling. (2011) Tumor-induced changes in the phenotype of blood-derived and tumor-associated T cells of early-stage breast cancer patients. International Journal of Cancern/a-n/a
CrossRef254
Oliver Sartor, Nicholas Vogelzang. (2010) Advanced Prostate Cancer 2010: What a Year!. Clinical Genitourinary Cancer 8:1, 8-9
CrossRef255
David A Spiegel. (2010) Grand Challenge Commentary: Synthetic immunology to engineer human immunity. Nature Chemical Biology 6:12, 871-872
CrossRef256
Ravi A. Madan, James L. Gulley. (2010) The Current and Emerging Role of Immunotherapy in Prostate Cancer. Clinical Genitourinary Cancer 8:1, 10-16
CrossRef257
Teresa Gilewski. (2010) Targeting the Immune System as a Therapeutic Strategy for Patients with Breast Cancer. Current Breast Cancer Reports 2:4, 214-221
CrossRef258
(2010) Sipuleucel-T Immunotherapy for Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer. New England Journal of Medicine 363:20, 1966-1968
Full Text259
Crawford, E. David, Rove, Kyle O., . (2010) Incomplete Testosterone Suppression in Prostate Cancer. New England Journal of Medicine 363:20, 1976-1976
Full Text260
Oliver Sartor. (2010) Twists and turns on the way to progress in metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer. Asian Journal of Andrology 12:6, 790-792
CrossRef261
Tanya B Dorff, David I Quinn. (2010) Cabazitaxel in prostate cancer: stretching a string. The Lancet 376:9747, 1119-1120
CrossRef262
Daniel George. (2010) HOW DOES SIPULEUCEL-T ALTER OUR CLINICAL PRACTICE?. BJU International 106:7, 945-946
CrossRef263
Matthew D. Galsky, Argyris Dritselis, Peter Kirkpatrick, William K. Oh. (2010) Cabazitaxel. Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 9:9, 677-678
CrossRef264
Longo, Dan L., . (2010) New Therapies for Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer. New England Journal of Medicine 363:5, 479-481
Full Text265
Michael J. Burdick, Oliver Sartor. (2010) Bone-targeted therapy in metastatic prostate cancer: osteoclast inhibitors and bone-seeking radiopharmaceuticals. Drug Discovery Today: Therapeutic Strategies 7:1-2, 23-29
CrossRef266
Jeanny B. Aragon-Ching, William L. Dahut. (2010) Novel androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) in the treatment of advanced prostate cancer. Drug Discovery Today: Therapeutic Strategies 7:1-2, 31-35
CrossRef267
Christopher R. Heery, Ravi A. Madan. (2010) Modern immunotherapy for the treatment of prostate cancer. Drug Discovery Today: Therapeutic Strategies 7:1-2, 37-42
CrossRef268
David E. Adelberg, William L. Dahut. (2010) Antiangiogenic agents in the treatment of prostate cancer. Drug Discovery Today: Therapeutic Strategies 7:1-2, 9-15
CrossRef
- Letters
