Original Article
A Homozygous CARD9 Mutation in a Family with Susceptibility to Fungal Infections
N Engl J Med 2009; 361:1727-1735October 29, 2009DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa0810719
- Abstract
Background
Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis may be manifested as a primary immunodeficiency characterized by persistent or recurrent infections of the mucosa or the skin with candida species. Most cases are sporadic, but both autosomal dominant inheritance and autosomal recessive inheritance have been described.
Methods
We performed genetic studies in 36 members of a large, consanguineous five-generation family, in which 4 members had recurrent fungal infections and an additional 3 members died during adolescence, 2 after invasive infection of the brain with candida species. All 36 family members were enrolled in the study, and 22 had blood samples taken for DNA analysis. Homozygosity mapping was used to locate the mutated gene. In the 4 affected family members (patients) and the 18 unaffected members we sequenced CARD9, the gene encoding the caspase recruitment domain-containing protein 9, carried out T-cell phenotyping, and performed functional studies, with the use of either leukocytes from the patients or a reconstituted murine model of the genetic defect.
Results
We found linkage (lod score, 3.6) to a genomic interval on chromosome 9q, including CARD9. All four patients had a homozygous point mutation in CARD9, resulting in a premature termination codon (Q295X). Healthy family members had wild-type expression of the CARD9 protein; the four patients lacked wild-type expression, which was associated with low numbers of Th17 cells (helper T cells producing interleukin-17). Functional studies based on genetic reconstitution of myeloid cells from Card9−/− mice showed that the Q295X mutation impairs innate signaling from the antifungal pattern-recognition receptor dectin-1.
Conclusions
An autosomal recessive form of susceptibility to chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis is associated with homozygous mutations in CARD9.
Media in This Article
Figure 1
Pedigree of an Iranian Family with Chronic Mucocutaneous Candidiasis.Figure 2
Western Blot Detection of CARD9 in Peripheral-Blood Mononuclear Cells.Article Activity
- Article
Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis is characterized by impaired clearance of fungal infections and results in colonization and infections of the mucosa or skin, predominantly with Candida albicans.1,2 A variety of clinical conditions, such as infection with the human immunodeficiency virus or the use of corticosteroids, favor the development of chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis, but the disease may also be a primary immunodeficiency arising from unknown genetic defects.1,3 In chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis, the most common infections are due to C. albicans; however, patients may also have an increased susceptibility to dermatophytes.1,3 Severe complications rarely develop in patients with chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis, although reports on invasive infections with candida species — Cryptococcus neoformans or Histoplasma capsulatum — have been published.4-6
Research conducted in the eight decades since the first report on primary chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis appeared7 has shown that it is a heterogeneous syndrome that may be accompanied by endocrine and inflammatory disorders, including hypothyroidism and adrenocortical failure.2 Most cases of chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis are sporadic, but multiplex families with dominant8-12 and recessive13,14 inheritance have been described.
Recurrent and severe candidiasis can have a defining role in primary immunodeficiencies. The autoimmune polyendocrinopathy–candidiasis–ectodermal dystrophy (APECED) syndrome is caused by biallelic mutations in AIRE, the autoimmune regulator gene. Heterozygous mutations in the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 gene (STAT3) cause the hyper-IgE syndrome, another multisystem disorder in which candidiasis is a common clinical feature.17-20 Genetic linkage of an autosomal dominant candidiasis–thyroiditis syndrome to chromosome 2 has been reported,12 and candidiasis associated with a low expression of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) has been traced to chromosome 11,21 but in both cases the causative genes remain unknown.
We undertook genetic studies of a large, consanguineous Iranian family with multiple cases of chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis to determine whether a mutated gene was associated with this form of nonsyndromic candidiasis. Recent work has shown that innate antifungal immunity in mice is controlled by a signaling pathway that does not involve toll-like receptors. Mice lacking either the C-type lectin receptor dectin-1 (encoded by the Clec7a gene) or the intracellular adapter molecule Card9, which is essential for dectin-1 signaling, have impaired antifungal immunity.22,23
We identified a homozygous mutation in CARD9 that results in a loss-of-function mutation due to a premature stop codon in the coding sequence. Experiments in the murine Card9 −/− model showed that only wild-type CARD9 — not the mutated human CARD9 gene found in patients — could restore cytokine production in response to the triggering of dectin-1, a pattern-recognition receptor for fungal cell-wall antigens.
Methods
Study Participants
We enrolled 36 members of a large, consanguineous Iranian family in the study. Blood samples were obtained for DNA analysis, and the participants were classified as likely to be affected or likely to be unaffected according to the results of physical examination and microbiologic culture. Laboratory personnel were unaware of the classification of the samples. The participants provided written informed consent on forms approved by local ethics committees. DNA samples from 50 healthy Iranian donors and 180 healthy white donors of other nationalities were used as controls.
Genotyping and Analysis
DNA samples from five family members deemed likely to be affected and eight deemed likely to be unaffected were genotyped with use of the Affymetrix 250k NspI single-nucleotide-polymorphism (SNP) mapping array, as described previously.24 Genotypes of the SNP arrays were assigned with the use of the Bayesian Robust Linear Modeling and Mahalanobis (BRLMM) distance method, which was implemented as described in the Genotyping Console software and introduced as an improvement over the RLMM method.25
To further evaluate one region on chromosome 9 that was suggestive of linkage, four microsatellite markers were genotyped on 13 available samples, as described previously.26 Single-marker lod scores were computed with Fastlink27-29; multipoint lod scores were computed with Superlink.30,31 (For details on the use of the BRLMM method, Fastlink, and Superlink, see the Supplementary Appendix, available with the full text of this article at NEJM.org.)
Molecular Genetics and T-Cell Phenotyping
DNA from the study participants was isolated, and coding regions of CARD9 (Ensembl number, ENSG00000187796) were amplified and sequenced. Total RNA was isolated and transcribed into complementary DNA (cDNA). SYBR green-based real-time polymerase-chain-reaction quantification of CARD9 was performed with the use of standard curves. Screening for the Q295X mutation with the use of restriction-enzyme digestion was carried out in heterozygous and homozygous healthy family members as well as in healthy controls.
T-cell phenotyping, regulatory T-cell staining, and detection of Th17 cells (helper T cells producing interleukin-17) were performed in accordance with protocols published previously.32-36 Extracts of peripheral-blood mononuclear cells from patients with a deficiency of the CARD9 protein were stained with a polyclonal goat anti-CARD9 antibody. (Details of these procedures are available in the Supplementary Appendix.)
Retroviral Transduction of Human CARD9 Variants
CARD9 cDNA was generated from human peripheral-blood mononuclear cells and cloned into a retroviral expression vector (based on murine stem-cell virus) expressing green fluorescent protein.37 The Q295X mutation was introduced with the use of site-directed mutagenesis. Retroviruses were generated by transfecting the Phoenix ecotropic-packaging cell line and were used to infect bone marrow cells as described previously.37 Bone marrow cells were differentiated into macrophages and stimulated with either curdlan, a selective dectin-1 agonist, or ultrapure lipopolysaccharide. Concentrations of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) in the supernatants were analyzed with the use of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.22,23,38
Results
Patients' Medical History
The pedigree (Figure 1AFigure 1
Pedigree of an Iranian Family with Chronic Mucocutaneous Candidiasis.) for the consanguineous Iranian family shows that multiple members were affected by chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis through a presumably autosomal recessive mode of inheritance. Recurrent fungal infections were diagnosed clinically in eight family members, three of whom died in early adolescence — two with proven and one with presumed invasive candida infection of the brain. None of the eight infected patients had unusual bacterial or viral infections, suggesting that the host defense against these pathogens was normal.The index patient (Patient 2B2) was a 19-year-old man who had had oral candidiasis (thrush) since the age of 3 years. Candida infection was confirmed with the use of microbiologic testing, and prophylaxis with ketoconazole was ongoing. He was otherwise healthy.
Patient 2B1, a sibling of Patient 2B2, had had intermittent thrush since early childhood. Seizures developed suddenly, with loss of consciousness, when he was 18 years old. Hydrocephalus developed, and he died of candida meningitis at the age of 19 years.
Patient 2M, the mother of Patients 2B1 and 2B2, was 50 years old at the time of our study and had had vaginal candidiasis since the age of 42 years. In addition to being infected with C. albicans, she had a 5-year history of dermatophytosis of her hands and neck. She also had intermittent aphthous lesions, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and nephrolithiasis.
Patient 1M, the sister of Patient 2M, had had oral and vaginal candidiasis since early childhood. She also had tinea corporis on her chest and neck. She was otherwise healthy.
Patient 5F, the affected brother of Patients 1M and 2M, had had dermatophytosis since childhood, with little improvement in response to local treatment. Both of his daughters were given a postmortem diagnosis of invasive candida infection.
The older daughter (Patient 5G1) had a ventricular septal defect during infancy and had a geographic tongue, which is suggestive of chronic candidiasis. A unilateral paresthesia developed when she was 13 years old, and she died from what was vaguely defined as a brain tumor, with severe skull destruction, at the age of 15 years.
Her sister (Patient 5G2) had recurrent, severe, refractory thrush starting in early childhood. At 15 years of age, a severe headache and fevers developed, followed by diplopia. A brain tumor was suspected, but candida meningoencephalitis was identified during surgery. She died 6 months after the onset of symptoms.
None of the patients with invasive fungal infections had a condition or took any medication that predisposed them to infection. The three deceased patients could not be enrolled in the study because of the lack of available tissue samples.
Patient 1B1, a child of Patient 1M and a cousin of the index patient (Patient 2B2), had had one mild episode of candida infection in adulthood. In our genetic analysis, we considered Patient 1B1 to be affected. We found that the episode of infection in Patient 1B1 was the result of a phenocopy, which is consistent with the fact that it was clinically much milder than the infections in all the other affected family members (see the Supplementary Appendix for the definition of phenocopy).
Cell Counts and T-Cell Phenotyping
In Patients 1M, 2M, and 5F, complete blood counts were within the normal range, as were total counts of CD3+ T cells, CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, memory T cells, follicular helper T cells, effector memory T cells, regulatory T cells, B cells, and natural killer cells (for results see Table S1 in the Supplementary Appendix). Basal levels of serum immunoglobulin were also normal. In Patient 2B2, the results of a delayed-type hypersensitivity skin test were negative for tuberculin but positive for candida.
AIRE was shown to be of wild-type sequence in Patient 2B2. The absence of a specific immunologic disorder led us to use a positional cloning approach to identify the patients' underlying genetic defect.
Genetic Linkage Analysis
Analysis of the SNP genotypes showed a region of perfect segregation on chromosome 9 (137.5 to 138.8 Mbp in human genome build 36), provided that Patient 1B1's episode of candida infection was the result of a phenocopy. This finding was confirmed by genotyping four microsatellite markers, yielding a peak multipoint lod score of 3.6 (see the Supplementary Appendix).
There were 121 genes in the maximal linkage interval defined by the microsatellite markers D9S2157 (135.0 Mbp) and D9S1838 (139.8 Mbp). Among these 121 genes, 41 are located in the perfectly segregating 1.3-Mbp subinterval suggested by the SNP data. After exploring the literature, we identified CARD9 — which is among the 41 ideally located genes (see Table S2 in the Supplementary Appendix) — as a functional candidate because Card9 −/− mice are susceptible to fungal infections (for details, see the Supplementary Appendix).22,39
Homozygous Mutations in CARD9
We sequenced CARD9 in the four affected patients and 18 other relatives and identified in all affected persons a single homozygous point mutation from C to T in exon 6 at codon 295, resulting in a premature termination codon (Q295X). Patient 1B1 and his healthy relatives had either a heterozygous Q295X mutation or wild-type alleles only (Figure 1B).
To assess the frequency of this previously unknown genetic abnormality in CARD9 and to exclude the possibility of a genetic variation, we examined the affected site in 50 unrelated healthy Iranians and 180 unrelated healthy white subjects by means of a sequencing assay or a restriction-enzyme assay. None of the 230 controls had the Q295X mutation in CARD9.
CARD9 mRNA Levels and Protein Expression
Among CARD9 wild-type cells, average levels of CARD9 mRNA were highest in monocytes, followed by granulocytes, B cells and T cells, and the colon-cell line HT-29. The peripheral-blood mononuclear cells from our patients still had substantial levels of mutated CARD9 mRNA, thereby escaping nonsense-mediated RNA decay (see the Supplementary Appendix).
To examine the effect of the CARD9 Q295X mutation at the protein level, we assessed the expression of CARD9 in peripheral-blood mononuclear cells from the patients, using Western blotting. As compared with unrelated healthy controls and homozygous or heterozygous healthy family members, patients with the homozygous Q295X mutation completely lacked expression of the wild-type CARD9 protein (Figure 2Figure 2
Western Blot Detection of CARD9 in Peripheral-Blood Mononuclear Cells.), indicating the detrimental consequences of the mutation. However, expression of the truncated CARD9 (amino acid positions 1 through 294) protein cannot be ruled out, since the polyclonal antibody used is directed against the C-terminal part of CARD9.Effect of CARD9 Q295X on Signal Transduction
Primary bone marrow cells from Card9-deficient mice were retrovirally transduced with human wild-type and mutated (Q295X) CARD9, differentiated into macrophages in vitro, and analyzed with the use of flow cytometry (see the Supplementary Appendix). We then stimulated the transduced or nontransduced cells with the β-glucan preparation curdlan as a specific and selective agonist for dectin-1 or with the TLR4 ligand lipopolysaccharide and measured TNF-α production to test innate immune cell activation.38 As is consistent with previous data, Card9−/− cells showed severe defects in dectin-1–triggered TNF-α production, although they responded normally to stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (Figure 3AFigure 3
Analysis of the Functional Defect and Genetic Reconstitution of the Card9 Q295X Mutation.).22 Expression of human full-length CARD9 corrected the dectin-1 signaling defect in Card9−/− cells, indicating that the human protein can complement the murine mutation. Expression of the human mutant CARD9 Q295X did not increase TNF-α production, on stimulation with dectin-1, above the level in uninfected cells or those transduced with green fluorescent protein only, showing that CARD9 Q295X is a loss-of-function mutation (Figure 3B).Homozygous Q295X Mutations and Th17 Cells
Since Th17 cells40 are important for antifungal immunity and Card9 −/− mice have an impairment in Th17 polarization,22,38 we compared Th17 cells in our four patients with those in family members with wild-type CARD9 and nine healthy controls. The mean proportion of Th17 cells in the four affected patients was significantly lower than that in healthy controls (mean, 0.2% of CD4+CD45RO+ interleukin-17+interferon-γ− cells; P=0.004) (Figure 4Figure 4
Proportion of Interleukin-17–Producing CD4+CD45RO+ Cells That Were Negative for Interferon-γ Production in Four Patients with a Homozygous Mutation in CARD9 as Compared with Unrelated Healthy Controls.). Healthy controls and family members with wild-type CARD9 had an average of 1.2% Th17 cells ex vivo.Discussion
Pattern-recognition receptors of the innate immune system bind components of microbes and initiate intracellular signal cascades that result in the activation of transcription factors, up-regulation of defense-associated target genes, and release of cytokines. Dectin-1 is a transmembrane pattern-recognition receptor that senses the β-glucan component of fungal cell walls.23,41-43 On ligand binding, dectin-1 sends signals through an immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM), which becomes phosphorylated by Src family kinases (proto-oncogenic tyrosine kinases), leading to the recruitment and activation of the spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk).44,45
Dectin-1–Syk engages CARD9, which together with B-cell leukemia–lymphoma 10 (BCL10) and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue 1 (MALT1) forms an intracellular signaling complex that in cells recognizing fungi leads to the activation of the transcription factor nuclear factor κB and mitogen-activated protein kinases.22,46-48 This signaling pathway is operative in myeloid cells and promotes the production of key cytokines, including interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, and interleukin-23, which are required to control antifungal immune responses.24,38,49-52 Apart from dectin-1, the C-type lectins dectin-2 and macrophage-inducible C-type lectin (MINCLE) may also recognize fungi, engage the ITAM adapter FcRγ for Syk activation, and transmit signals through the CARD9 pathway.23,53-55 Thus, CARD9 plays a central role in antifungal defense by receiving signals from several antifungal pattern-recognition receptors and stimulating proinflammatory responses. Since murine Card9 deficiency results in susceptibility to fungal infections,22,39 this signaling pathway seems to be conserved between mice and humans.
Our study shows that a homozygous point mutation in CARD9, resulting in a premature termination codon and a loss of function in the adapter protein CARD9, is associated with a susceptibility to fungal infections, as evidenced by a chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis phenotype. In the family in our study, two members died from a fungal infection and a third presumably died from a similar cause. Further studies may clarify whether human CARD9 deficiency accounts only for recurrent mucosal infections or also accounts for an increased susceptibility to severe invasive fungal infections. In this consanguineous family, we cannot exclude the possibility that a second genetic defect may have contributed to a more severe phenotype in the deceased family members.
Unfortunately, we were unable to study viable cells from the family members in vitro because of logistical constraints. However, to understand the function of the human mutated CARD9 gene, we used an in vivo model with cells from Card9 −/− mice and showed that the truncated human CARD9 protein fails to correct the dectin-1 signaling defect. In contrast, the human wild-type CARD9 protein restores the dectin-1–Card9 pathway in murine Card9−/− macrophages.
In Card9 −/− mice, stimulation of dendritic cells with the cell-wall component zymosan or whole C. albicans cells results in a considerable reduction in the release of cytokines, including interleukin-2, interleukin-6, interleukin-10, and TNF-α, and decreased numbers of Th17 cells, which are implicated in adaptive antifungal immunity.22,38 All CARD9 −/− patients had significantly reduced numbers of Th17 cells, further supporting the notion that CARD9-mediated signaling contributes to Th17-cell differentiation. Th17 cells and their production of interleukin-17 have been shown to play a pivotal role in mucosal host defense against candidiasis in mice.56,57 Moreover, Eyerich et al. reported decreased numbers of Th17 cells in two sporadic cases of chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis,58 but the role of these cells in human antifungal immunity remains elusive. If the lack of Th17 cells and their cytokines were critical for the pathogenesis of mucosal candidiasis, one could speculate that in patients with a low total CD4 count, such as in the low-CD4 syndrome, another rare primary immunodeficiency, or in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, the lack of CD4 differentiation into Th17 cells is critical for maintaining the mucosal host defense against candida. Patients with the hyper-IgE syndrome, who lack Th17 cells because of heterozygous mutations in STAT3, also have recurrent candidiasis.18,20 Whether Th17 cells are also implicated in the pathogenesis of candidiasis in APECED is currently being studied. The phenotype of susceptibility to fungal infections in human CARD9 deficiency serves as another example of a rare primary immunodeficiency that gives insight into the signaling pathways involved in immune regulation.
Supported in part by a European Commission Marie Curie Excellence Grant (MEXT-CT-2006-042316); the young investigator award of 2008 from the European Society for Immunodeficiencies; the Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), National Library of Medicine; a Max Eder Program Grant from Deutsche Krebshilfe (to Dr. Ruland); and Sonderforschungsbereich grants from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (to Dr. Ruland).
No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.
Drs. Glocker and Hennigs contributed equally to this article.
We thank Judy Levin and Charlotte Holden of the NIH for administrative support and encouragement and Dr. Hans Stauss for his critical reading of an earlier version of this article.
Source Information
The authors' affiliations are listed in the Appendix.
Address reprint requests to Dr. Grimbacher at the Department of Immunology and Molecular Pathology, Royal Free Hospital and University College London, Pond St., London NW3 2QG, United Kingdom, or at b.grimbacher@ucl.ac.uk.
Appendix
The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Department of Immunology and Molecular Pathology, Royal Free Hospital and University College London, London (E.-O.G., C.W., F.T., S.J., A.M., B.G.); the Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology (A.H., U.S., K.W.) and Hematology and Oncology (D.P., H.V.), University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Semnan University of Medical Science, Semnan, Iran (M.N.); the National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD (A.A.S.); the Growth and Development Research Center, Center of Excellence for Pediatrics, Children's Medical Center (N.R.), and the Immunogenetic Laboratory, Department of Immunology (A.A.A.), School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Clinica Pediatrica, Università di Brescia and Istituto Medicina Molecolare Angelo Nocivelli, Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy (A.P.); Medizinische Klinik 3, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany (N.H., O.G., J.R.); and the Laboratory of Signaling in the Immune System, Helmholtz Zentrum München — German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany (J.R.).
- References
References
1
Kirkpatrick CH . Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2001;20:197-206
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline2
Lilic D . New perspectives on the immunology of chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis. Curr Opin Infect Dis 2002;15:143-147
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline3
Eggimann P ,Garbino J ,Pittet D . Epidemiology of Candida species infections in critically ill non-immunosuppressed patients. Lancet Infect Dis 2003;3:685-702
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline4
Drouhet E ,Dupont B . Chronic mucocutaneous candidosis and other superficial and systemic mycoses successfully treated with ketoconazole. Rev Infect Dis 1980;2:606-619
CrossRef | Medline5
Kauffman CA ,Shea MJ ,Frame PT . Invasive fungal infections in patients with chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis. Arch Intern Med 1981;141:1076-1079
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline6
van 't Wout JW ,de Graeff-Meeder ER ,Paul LC ,Kuis W ,van Furth R . Treatment of two cases of cryptococcal meningitis with fluconazole. Scand J Infect Dis 1988;20:193-198
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline7
Thorpe ES ,Handley HE . Chronic tetany and chronic mycelial stomatitis in a child aged four and one-half years. Am J Dis Child 1929;38:328-3388
Canales L ,Middlemas RO III ,Louro JM ,South MA . Immunological observations in chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis. Lancet 1969;2:567-571
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline9
Kroll JJ ,Einbinder JM ,Merz WG . Mucocutaneous candidiasis in a mother and son. Arch Dermatol 1973;108:259-262
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline10
Sams WM Jr ,Jorizzo JL ,Snyderman R , et al. Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis: immunologic studies of three generations of a single family. Am J Med 1979;67:948-959
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline11
Loeys BL ,Van Coster RN ,Defreyne LR ,Leroy JG . Fungal intracranial aneurysm in a child with familial chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis. Eur J Pediatr 1999;158:650-652
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline12
Atkinson TP ,Schaffer AA ,Grimbacher B , et al. An immune defect causing dominant chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis and thyroid disease maps to chromosome 2p in a single family. Am J Hum Genet 2001;69:791-803
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline13
Wells RS ,Higgs JM ,Macdonald A ,Valdimarsson H ,Holt PJ . Familial chronic muco-cutaneous candidiasis. J Med Genet 1972;9:302-310
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline14
Ahonen P ,Myllarniemi S ,Sipila I , et al. Clinical variation of autoimmune polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy (APECED) in a series of 68 patients. N Engl J Med 1990;322:1829-1836
Free Full Text | Web of Science | Medline15
The Finnish-German APECED Consortium
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline16
Nagamine K ,Peterson P ,Scott HS , et al. Positional cloning of the APECED gene. Nat Genet 1997;17:393-398
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline17
Minegishi Y ,Saito M ,Tsuchiya S , et al. Dominant-negative mutations in the DNA-binding domain of STAT3 cause hyper-IgE syndrome. Nature 2007;448:1058-1062
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline18
Holland SM ,DeLeo FR ,Elloumi HZ , et al. STAT3 mutations in the hyper-IgE syndrome. N Engl J Med 2007;357:1608-1619
Free Full Text | Web of Science | Medline19
Van Scoy RE ,Hill HR ,Ritts RE ,Quie PG . Familial neutrophil chemotaxis defect, recurrent bacterial infections, mucocutaneous candidiasis, and hyperimmunoglobulinemia E. Ann Intern Med 1975;82:766-771
Web of Science | Medline20
Grimbacher B ,Holland SM ,Gallin JI , et al. Hyper-IgE syndrome with recurrent infections -- an autosomal dominant multisystem disorder. N Engl J Med 1999;340:692-702
Free Full Text | Web of Science | Medline21
Mangino M ,Salpietro DC ,Zuccarello D , et al. A gene for familial isolated chronic nail candidiasis maps to chromosome 11p12-q12.1. Eur J Hum Genet 2003;11:433-436
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline22
Gross O ,Gewies A ,Finger K , et al. Card9 controls a non-TLR signalling pathway for innate anti-fungal immunity. Nature 2006;442:651-656
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline23
Taylor PR ,Tsoni SV ,Willment JA , et al. Dectin-1 is required for β-glucan recognition and control of fungal infection. Nat Immunol 2007;8:31-38
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline24
Pfeifer D ,Woellner C ,Petersen A , et al. The hyper-IgE syndrome is not caused by a microdeletion syndrome. Immunogenetics 2007;59:913-926
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline25
Rabbee N ,Speed TP . A genotype calling algorithm for affymetrix SNP arrays. Bioinformatics 2006;22:7-12
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline26
Finck A ,Van der Meer JWM ,Schaffer AA , et al. Linkage of autosomal-dominant common variable immunodeficiency to chromosome 4q. Eur J Hum Genet 2006;14:867-875
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline27
Lathrop GM ,Lalouel J-M ,Julier C ,Ott J . Strategies for multilocus linkage analysis in humans. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1984;81:3443-3446
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline28
Cottingham RW Jr ,Idury RM ,Schaffer AA . Faster sequential genetic linkage computations. Am J Hum Genet 1993;53:252-263
Web of Science | Medline29
Schaffer AA ,Gupta SK ,Shriram K ,Cottingham RW Jr . Avoiding recomputation in linkage analysis. Hum Hered 1994;44:225-237
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline30
Fishelson M ,Geiger D . Exact genetic linkage computations for general pedigrees. Bioinformatics 2002;18:Suppl 1:S189-S198
CrossRef | Medline31
Silberstein M ,Tzemach A ,Dovgolevsky N ,Fishelson M ,Schuster A ,Geiger D . Online system for faster multipoint linkage analysis via parallel execution on thousands of personal computers. Am J Hum Genet 2006;78:922-935
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline32
Giovannetti A ,Mazzetta F ,Caprini E , et al. Skewed T-cell receptor repertoire, decreased thymic output, and predominance of terminally differentiated T cells in ataxia telangiectasia. Blood 2002;100:4082-4089
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline33
Giovannetti A ,Pierdominici M ,Mazzetta F , et al. Unravelling the complexity of T cell abnormalities in common variable immunodeficiency. J Immunol 2007;178:3932-3943
Web of Science | Medline34
Liu W ,Putnam AL ,Xu-Yu Z , et al. CD127 expression inversely correlates with FoxP3 and suppressive function of human CD4+ T reg cells. J Exp Med 2006;203:1701-1711
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline35
Seddiki N ,Santner-Nanan B ,Martinson J , et al. Expression of interleukin (IL)-2 and IL-7 receptors discriminates between human regulatory and activated T cells. J Exp Med 2006;203:1693-1700
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline36
Milner JD ,Brenchley JM ,Laurence A , et al. Impaired T(H)17 cell differentiation in subjects with autosomal dominant hyper-IgE syndrome. Nature 2008;452:773-776
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline37
Miething C ,Grundler R ,Fend F , et al. The oncogenic fusion protein nucleophosmin-anaplastic lymphoma kinase (NPM-ALK) induces two distinct malignant phenotypes in a murine retroviral transplantation model. Oncogene 2003;22:4642-4647
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline38
LeibundGut-Landmann S ,Gross O ,Robinson MJ , et al. Syk- and CARD9-dependent coupling of innate immunity to the induction of T helper cells that produce interleukin 17. Nat Immunol 2007;8:630-638
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline39
Hsu Y-MS ,Zhang Y ,You Y , et al. The adaptor protein CARD9 is required for innate immune response to intracellular pathogens. Nat Immunol 2007;8:198-205
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline40
Romagnani S . Human Th17 cells. Arthritis Res Ther 2008;10:206-206
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline41
Herre J ,Marshall ASJ ,Caron E , et al. Dectin-1 uses novel mechanisms for yeast phagocytosis in macrophages. Blood 2004;104:4038-4045
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline42
Rogers NC ,Slack EC ,Edwards AD , et al. Syk-dependent cytokine induction by Dectin-1 reveals a novel pattern recognition pathway for C type lectins. Immunity 2005;22:507-517[Erratum, Immunity 2005;22:773-4.]
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline43
Willment JA ,Brown GD . C-type lectin receptors in antifungal immunity. Trends Microbiol 2008;16:27-32
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline44
Underhill DM ,Goodridge HS . The many faces of ITAMs. Trends Immunol 2007;28:66-73
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline45
Brown GD . Dectin-1: a signalling non-TLR pattern-recognition receptor. Nat Rev Immunol 2006;6:33-43
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline46
Colonna M . All roads lead to CARD9. Nat Immunol 2007;8:554-555
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline47
Hruz P ,Eckmann L . Caspase recruitment domain-containing sensors and adaptors in intestinal innate immunity. Curr Opin Gastroenterol 2008;24:108-114
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline48
Bertin J ,Guo Y ,Wang L , et al. CARD9 is a novel caspase recruitment domain-containing protein that interacts with BCL10/CLAP and activates NF-κB. J Biol Chem 2000;275:41082-41086
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline49
Gantner BN ,Simmons RM ,Canavera SJ ,Akira S ,Underhill DM . Collaborative induction of inflammatory responses by dectin-1 and Toll-like receptor 2. J Exp Med 2003;197:1107-1117
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline50
Goodridge HS ,Simmons RM ,Underhill DM . Dectin-1 stimulation by Candida albicans yeast or zymosan triggers NFAT activation in macrophages and dendritic cells. J Immunol 2007;178:3107-3115
Web of Science | Medline51
Dillon S ,Agrawal S ,Banerjee K , et al. Yeast zymosan, a stimulus for TLR2 and dectin-1, induces regulatory antigen-presenting cells and immunological tolerance. J Clin Invest 2006;116:916-928
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline52
Ma CS ,Chew GYJ ,Simpson N , et al. Deficiency of Th17 cells in hyper IgE syndrome due to mutations in STAT3. J Exp Med 2008;205:1551-1557
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline53
Sato K ,Yang X-L ,Yudate T , et al. Dectin-2 is a pattern recognition receptor for fungi that couples with the Fc receptor γ chain to induce innate immune responses. J Biol Chem 2006;281:38854-38866
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline54
Bugarcic A ,Hitchens K ,Beckhouse AG ,Wells CA ,Ashman RB ,Blanchard H . Human and mouse macrophage-inducible C-type lectin (Mincle) bind Candida albicans. Glycobiology 2008;18:679-685
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline55
Yamasaki S ,Ishikawa E ,Sakuma M ,Hara H ,Ogata K ,Saito T . Mincle is an ITAM-coupled activating receptor that senses damaged cells. Nat Immunol 2008;9:1179-1188
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline56
Huang W ,Na L ,Fidel PL ,Schwarzenberger P . Requirement of interleukin-17A for systemic anti-Candida albicans host defense in mice. J Infect Dis 2004;190:624-631
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline57
Conti HR ,Shen F ,Nayyar N , et al. Th17 cells and IL-17 receptor signaling are essential for mucosal host defense against oral candidiasis. J Exp Med 2009;206:299-311
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline58
Eyerich K ,Foerster S ,Rombold S , et al. Patients with chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis exhibit reduced production of Th17-associated cytokines IL-17 and IL-22. J Invest Dermatol 2008;128:2640-2645
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline
- Citing Articles (154)
Citing Articles
1
Heather Lehman. (2013) Skin Manifestations of Primary Immune Deficiency. Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology
2
Carolina Garcia-Vidal, Diego Viasus, Jordi Carratalà. (2013) Pathogenesis of invasive fungal infections. Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases 26:3, 270-276
3
Susanne Roth, Jürgen Ruland. (2013) Caspase recruitment domain-containing protein 9 signaling in innate immunity and inflammation. Trends in Immunology 34:6, 243-250
4
Sanne P. Smeekens, Frank L. van de Veerdonk, Bart Jan Kullberg, Mihai G. Netea. (2013) Genetic susceptibility to Candida infections. EMBO Molecular Medicine 5:6, 805-813
5
Iliyan D Iliev, David M Underhill. (2013) Striking a balance: fungal commensalism versus pathogenesis. Current Opinion in Microbiology
6
Lena F. Schimke, Nikolaus Rieber, Stacey Rylaarsdam, Otávio Cabral-Marques, Nicholas Hubbard, Anne Puel, Laura Kallmann, Stephanie Anover Sombke, Gundula Notheis, Hans-Peter Schwarz, Birgit Kammer, Tomas Hökfelt, Reinald Repp, Capucine Picard, Jean-Laurent Casanova, Bernd H. Belohradsky, Michael H. Albert, Hans D. Ochs, Ellen D. Renner, Troy R. Torgerson. (2013) A Novel Gain-of-Function IKBA Mutation Underlies Ectodermal Dysplasia with Immunodeficiency and Polyendocrinopathy. Journal of Clinical Immunology
7
Haifa H. Jabara, Toshiro Ohsumi, Janet Chou, Michel J. Massaad, Halli Benson, Andre Megarbane, Eliane Chouery, Raymond Mikhael, Oliver Gorka, Andreas Gewies, Pierre Portales, Toshinori Nakayama, Hiroyuki Hosokawa, Patrick Revy, Henry Herrod, Francoise Le Deist, Gerard Lefranc, Jürgen Ruland, Raif S. Geha. (2013) A homozygous mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue 1 (MALT1) mutation in a family with combined immunodeficiency. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
8
Martin Jaeger, Theo S. Plantinga, Leo A. B. Joosten, Bart-Jan Kullberg, Mihai G. Netea. (2013) Genetic Basis for Recurrent Vulvo-Vaginal Candidiasis. Current Infectious Disease Reports 15:2, 136-142
9
Julien Pothlichet, Lluis Quintana-Murci. (2013) The Genetics of Innate Immunity Sensors and Human Disease. International Reviews of Immunology 32:2, 157-208
10
A. Drewniak, R. P. Gazendam, A. T. J. Tool, M. van Houdt, M. H. Jansen, J. L. van Hamme, E. M. M. van Leeuwen, D. Roos, E. Scalais, C. de Beaufort, H. Janssen, T. K. van den Berg, T. W. Kuijpers. (2013) Invasive fungal infection and impaired neutrophil killing in human CARD9 deficiency. Blood 121:13, 2385-2392
11
M. S. Lionakis, S. M. Holland. (2013) CARD9: at the intersection of mucosal and systemic antifungal immunity. Blood 121:13, 2377-2378
12
Karin R. Engelhardt, Neil Shah, Intan Faizura-Yeop, Dilara F. Kocacik Uygun, Natalie Frede, Aleixo M. Muise, Eyal Shteyer, Serkan Filiz, Ronnie Chee, Mamoun Elawad, Britta Hartmann, Peter D. Arkwright, Christopher Dvorak, Christoph Klein, Jennifer M. Puck, Bodo Grimbacher, Erik-Oliver Glocker. (2013) Clinical outcome in IL-10– and IL-10 receptor–deficient patients with or without hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 131:3, 825-830.e9
13
Mike Hasenberg, Sabine Stegemann-Koniszewski, Matthias Gunzer. (2013) Cellular immune reactions in the lung. Immunological Reviews 251:1, 189-214
14
Christoph Mueller-Loebnitz, Helmut Ostermann, Anke Franzke, Juergen Loeffler, Lutz Uharek, Max Topp, Hermann Einsele. (2013) Immunological Aspects of Candida and Aspergillus Systemic Fungal Infections. Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases 2013, 1-7
15
N Hernández-Santos, A R Huppler, A C Peterson, S A Khader, K C McKenna, S L Gaffen. (2012) Th17 cells confer long-term adaptive immunity to oral mucosal Candida albicans infections. Mucosal Immunology
16
Anne Puel, Sophie Cypowyj, László Maródi, Laurent Abel, Capucine Picard, Jean-Laurent Casanova. (2012) Inborn errors of human IL-17 immunity underlie chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis. Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology 12:6, 616-622
17
Tomohiro Hori, Hidenori Ohnishi, Takahide Teramoto, Kohji Tsubouchi, Takafumi Naiki, Yoshinobu Hirose, Osamu Ohara, Mariko Seishima, Hideo Kaneko, Toshiyuki Fukao, Naomi Kondo. (2012) Autosomal-Dominant Chronic Mucocutaneous Candidiasis with STAT1-Mutation can be Complicated with Chronic Active Hepatitis and Hypothyroidism. Journal of Clinical Immunology 32:6, 1213-1220
18
Anupam Jhingran, Katrina B. Mar, Debra K. Kumasaka, Sue E. Knoblaugh, Lisa Y. Ngo, Brahm H. Segal, Yoichiro Iwakura, Clifford A. Lowell, Jessica A. Hamerman, Xin Lin, Tobias M. Hohl. (2012) Tracing Conidial Fate and Measuring Host Cell Antifungal Activity Using a Reporter of Microbial Viability in the Lung. Cell Reports 2:6, 1762-1773
19
M. G. Netea, F. L. van de Veerdonk, J. W. M. van der Meer. (2012) Primary immunodeficiencies of pattern recognition receptors. Journal of Internal Medicine 272:6, 517-527
20
Theo S. Plantinga, Melissa D. Johnson, William K. Scott, Leo A.B. Joosten, Jos W. M. van der Meer, John R. Perfect, Bart Jan Kullberg, Mihai G. Netea. (2012) Human genetic susceptibility to Candida infections. Medical Mycology 50:8, 785-794
21
László Maródi, Sophie Cypowyj, Beáta Tóth, Liudmyla Chernyshova, Anne Puel, Jean-Laurent Casanova. (2012) Molecular mechanisms of mucocutaneous immunity against Candida and Staphylococcus species. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 130:5, 1019-1027
22
Nancy Cortez-Espinosa, Mariana H. García-Hernández, Elizabeth Reynaga-Hernández, J. Diego Cortés-García, Nancy E. Corral-Fernández, J. Guillermo Rodríguez-Rivera, Anamaría Bravo-Ramírez, Roberto González-Amaro, Diana P. Portales-Pérez. (2012) Abnormal expression and function of Dectin-1 receptor in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with poor glycemic control (HbA1c>8%). Metabolism 61:11, 1538-1546
23
Carmelo Biondo, Antonio Malara, Alessandro Costa, Giacomo Signorino, Francesco Cardile, Angelina Midiri, Roberta Galbo, Salvatore Papasergi, Maria Domina, Michela Pugliese, Giuseppe Teti, Giuseppe Mancuso, Concetta Beninati. (2012) Recognition of fungal RNA by TLR7 has a nonredundant role in host defense against experimental candidiasis. European Journal of Immunology 42:10, 2632-2643
24
Heleen D. de Koning, Anna Simon, Patrick L.J.M. Zeeuwen, Joost Schalkwijk. (2012) Pattern recognition receptors in infectious skin diseases. Microbes and Infection 14:11, 881-893
25
Sophie Cypowyj, Capucine Picard, László Maródi, Jean-Laurent Casanova, Anne Puel. (2012) Immunity to infection in IL-17-deficient mice and humans. European Journal of Immunology 42:9, 2246-2254
26
Sarah E Hardison, Gordon D Brown. (2012) C-type lectin receptors orchestrate antifungal immunity. Nature Immunology 13:9, 817-822
27
Susan M. Abdel-Rahman, Barry L. Preuett. (2012) Genetic predictors of susceptibility to cutaneous fungal infections: A pilot genome wide association study to refine a candidate gene search. Journal of Dermatological Science 67:2, 147-152
28
Corine E Delsing, Chantal P Bleeker-Rovers, Bart-Jan Kullberg, Mihai G Netea. (2012) Treatment of candidiasis: insights from host genetics. Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy 10:8, 947-956
29
Salomé LeibundGut-Landmann, Marcel Wüthrich, Tobias M Hohl. (2012) Immunity to fungi. Current Opinion in Immunology 24:4, 449-458
30
Desa Lilic. (2012) Unravelling fungal immunity through primary immune deficiencies. Current Opinion in Microbiology 15:4, 420-426
31
Brahm H. Segal, Melissa J. Grimm, A. Nazmul H. Khan, Wei Han, Timothy S. Blackwell. (2012) Regulation of innate immunity by NADPH oxidase. Free Radical Biology and Medicine 53:1, 72-80
32
Stefan F. Ehrentraut, Sean P. Colgan. (2012) Implications of Protein Post-Translational Modifications in IBD. Inflammatory Bowel Diseases 18:7, 1378-1388
33
I. D. Iliev, V. A. Funari, K. D. Taylor, Q. Nguyen, C. N. Reyes, S. P. Strom, J. Brown, C. A. Becker, P. R. Fleshner, M. Dubinsky, J. I. Rotter, H. L. Wang, D. P. B. McGovern, G. D. Brown, D. M. Underhill. (2012) Interactions Between Commensal Fungi and the C-Type Lectin Receptor Dectin-1 Influence Colitis. Science 336:6086, 1314-1317
34
Gabriela Lopez-Herrera, Giacomo Tampella, Qiang Pan-Hammarström, Peer Herholz, Claudia M. Trujillo-Vargas, Kanchan Phadwal, Anna Katharina Simon, Michel Moutschen, Amos Etzioni, Adi Mory, Izhak Srugo, Doron Melamed, Kjell Hultenby, Chonghai Liu, Manuela Baronio, Massimiliano Vitali, Pierre Philippet, Vinciane Dideberg, Asghar Aghamohammadi, Nima Rezaei, Victoria Enright, Likun Du, Ulrich Salzer, Hermann Eibel, Dietmar Pfeifer, Hendrik Veelken, Hans Stauss, Vassilios Lougaris, Alessandro Plebani, E. Michael Gertz, Alejandro A. Schäffer, Lennart Hammarström, Bodo Grimbacher. (2012) Deleterious Mutations in LRBA Are Associated with a Syndrome of Immune Deficiency and Autoimmunity. The American Journal of Human Genetics 90:6, 986-1001
35
Douglas R. McDonald. (2012) TH17 deficiency in human disease. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 129:6, 1429-1435
36
Nydiaris Hernández-Santos, Sarah L. Gaffen. (2012) Th17 Cells in Immunity to Candida albicans. Cell Host & Microbe 11:5, 425-435
37
O. Bader, M. S. Weig, U. Gross, M. P. Schon, M. Mempel, T. Buhl. (2012) A 32-Year-Old Man With Ulcerative Mucositis, Skin Lesions, and Nail Dystrophy. Clinical Infectious Diseases 54:7, 1035-1036
38
Linda M. van den Berg, Sonja I. Gringhuis, Teunis B.H. Geijtenbeek. (2012) An evolutionary perspective on C-type lectins in infection and immunity. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1253:1, 149-158
39
Lyle R. McKinnon, Rupert Kaul. (2012) Quality and quantity. Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS 7:2, 195-202
40
S. Hontelez, A. Sanecka, M. G. Netea, A. B. van Spriel, G. J. Adema. (2012) Molecular view on PRR cross-talk in antifungal immunity. Cellular Microbiologyno-no
41
Chiea Chuen Khor, Martin L. Hibberd. (2012) Host–pathogen interactions revealed by human genome-wide surveys. Trends in Genetics
42
Chul-Su Yang, Mary Rodgers, Chan-Ki Min, Jong-Soo Lee, Lara Kingeter, June-Yong Lee, Ambrose Jong, Igor Kramnik, Xin Lin, Jae U. Jung. (2012) The Autophagy Regulator Rubicon Is a Feedback Inhibitor of CARD9-Mediated Host Innate Immunity. Cell Host & Microbe 11:3, 277-289
43
Changying Jiang, Xin Lin. (2012) Regulation of NF-κB by the CARD proteins. Immunological Reviews 246:1, 141-153
44
Stephen J. Chapman, Adrian V. S. Hill. (2012) Human genetic susceptibility to infectious disease. Nature Reviews Genetics
45
Karin R. Engelhardt, Bodo Grimbacher. (2012) Mendelian traits causing susceptibility to mucocutaneous fungal infections in human subjects. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 129:2, 294-305
46
B. Rammaert, A. Desjardins, O. Lortholary. (2012) New insights into hepatosplenic candidosis, a manifestation of chronic disseminated candidosis. Mycosesno-no
47
H. Abdollahpour, G. Appaswamy, D. Kotlarz, J. Diestelhorst, R. Beier, A. A. Schaffer, E. M. Gertz, A. Schambach, H. H. Kreipe, D. Pfeifer, K. R. Engelhardt, N. Rezaei, B. Grimbacher, S. Lohrmann, R. Sherkat, C. Klein. (2012) The phenotype of human STK4 deficiency. Blood
48
Sonja I Gringhuis, Tanja M Kaptein, Brigitte A Wevers, Bart Theelen, Michiel van der Vlist, Teun Boekhout, Teunis B H Geijtenbeek. (2012) Dectin-1 is an extracellular pathogen sensor for the induction and processing of IL-1β via a noncanonical caspase-8 inflammasome. Nature Immunology
49
Lara M Kingeter, Xin Lin. (2012) C-type lectin receptor-induced NF-κB activation in innate immune and inflammatory responses. Cellular and Molecular Immunology
50
Anna R Huppler, Shrinivas Bishu, Sarah L Gaffen. (2012) Mucocutaneous candidiasis: the IL-17 pathway and implications for targeted immunotherapy. Arthritis Research & Therapy 14:4, 217
51
Andrew J Cant, Andrew R Gennery, Alison Bedford Russell, David Isaacs. Neonatal infection. In: Rennie & Roberton's Textbook of Neonatology. Elsevier, 2012:993-1064.
52
Dominikus Strasser, Konstantin Neumann, Hanna Bergmann, Mohlopheni J. Marakalala, Reto Guler, Anna Rojowska, Karl-Peter Hopfner, Frank Brombacher, Henning Urlaub, Gottfried Baier, Gordon D. Brown, Michael Leitges, Jürgen Ruland. (2012) Syk Kinase-Coupled C-type Lectin Receptors Engage Protein Kinase C-δ to Elicit Card9 Adaptor-Mediated Innate Immunity. Immunity 36:1, 32-42
53
(2012) Host
microbe interactions have shaped the genetic architecture of inflammatory bowel disease. Nature
54
Keiji Hirota, Helena Ahlfors, João H Duarte, Brigitta Stockinger. (2011) Regulation and function of innate and adaptive interleukin-17-producing cells. EMBO reports
55
Michail S. Lionakis. (2011) Genetic Susceptibility to Fungal Infections in Humans. Current Fungal Infection Reports
56
Neil A. R. Gow, Frank L. van de Veerdonk, Alistair J. P. Brown, Mihai G. Netea. (2011) Candida albicans morphogenesis and host defence: discriminating invasion from colonization. Nature Reviews Microbiology
57
Xun Li, Ahmad Utomo, Xavier Cullere, Myunghwan Mark Choi, Danny A. Milner, Deepak Venkatesh, Seok-Hyun Yun, Tanya N. Mayadas. (2011) The β-Glucan Receptor Dectin-1 Activates the Integrin Mac-1 in Neutrophils via Vav Protein Signaling to Promote Candida albicans Clearance. Cell Host & Microbe 10:6, 603-615
58
Shmuel Shoham, Darin B. Ostrander. (2011) The Growing Role of Clinical and Genomic Databases in the Development of Antifungal Strategies. Current Fungal Infection Reports 5:4, 190-192
59
Walter J.F.M. van der Velden, Nicole M.A. Blijlevens, J. Peter Donnelly. (2011) Genetic variants and the risk for invasive mould disease in immunocompromised hematology patients. Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases 24:6, 554-563
60
Shmuel Shoham, Simon F. Dufresne. (2011) The Role of Genetics in Host Responses to Mucosal and Invasive Candidiasis. Current Fungal Infection Reports 5:4, 262-268
61
Alexandra F. Freeman, Steven M. Holland. (2011) Fungal Infections in Phagocytic Defects. Current Fungal Infection Reports 5:4, 245-251
62
Yoshiyuki Minegishi, Masako Saito. (2011) Molecular mechanisms of the immunological abnormalities in hyper-IgE syndrome. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1246:1, 34-40
63
Andrea M. Siegel, Jennifer Heimall, Alexandra F. Freeman, Amy P. Hsu, Erica Brittain, Jason M. Brenchley, Daniel C. Douek, Gary H. Fahle, Jeffrey I. Cohen, Steven M. Holland, Joshua D. Milner. (2011) A Critical Role for STAT3 Transcription Factor Signaling in the Development and Maintenance of Human T Cell Memory. Immunity 35:5, 806-818
64
Nima Rezaei, Payam Mohammadinejad, Asghar Aghamohammadi. (2011) The demographics of primary immunodeficiency diseases across the unique ethnic groups in Iran, and approaches to diagnosis and treatment. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1238:1, 24-32
65
Rodrigo Santamaría, Lisa Rizzetto, Michael Bromley, Teresa Zelante, Wanseon Lee, Duccio Cavalieri, Luigina Romani, Brian Miller, Ivo Gut, Manuel Santos, Philippe Pierre, Paul Bowyer, Misha Kapushesky. (2011) Systems biology of infectious diseases: a focus on fungal infections. Immunobiology 216:11, 1212-1227
66
Roland Lang, Hanne Schoenen, Christiane Desel. (2011) Targeting Syk-Card9-activating C-type lectin receptors by vaccine adjuvants: Findings, implications and open questions. Immunobiology 216:11, 1184-1191
67
Erik-Oliver Glocker, Bodo Grimbacher. (2011) Mucosal antifungal defence: IL-17 signalling takes centre stage. Immunology and Cell Biology 89:8, 823-825
68
László Maródi, . (2011) The creation and progress of the J Project in Eastern and Central Europe. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1238:1, 65-73
69
François Willermain, James T. Rosenbaum, Bahram Bodaghi, Holly L. Rosenzweig, Sarah Childers, Travis Behrend, Gerhild Wildner, Andrew D. Dick. (2011) Interplay between innate and adaptive immunity in the development of non-infectious uveitis. Progress in Retinal and Eye Research
70
Vanessa Espinosa, Amariliz Rivera. (2011) Cytokines and the regulation of fungus-specific CD4 T cell differentiation. Cytokine
71
D. C. Rosentul, T. S. Plantinga, M. Oosting, W. K. Scott, D. R. Velez Edwards, P. B. Smith, B. D. Alexander, J. C. Yang, G. M. Laird, L. A. B. Joosten, J. W. M. van der Meer, J. R. Perfect, B.-J. Kullberg, M. G. Netea, M. D. Johnson. (2011) Genetic Variation in the Dectin-1/CARD9 Recognition Pathway and Susceptibility to Candidemia. Journal of Infectious Diseases 204:7, 1138-1145
72
Donald C Vinh. (2011) Insights into human antifungal immunity from primary immunodeficiencies. The Lancet Infectious Diseases 11:10, 780-792
73
Lisa Rizzetto, Duccio Cavalieri. (2011) Friend or foe: using systems biology to elucidate interactions between fungi and their hosts. Trends in Microbiology 19:10, 509-515
74
David P. Huston. (2011) Defects in Interleukin-17 Immunity in the Pathogenesis of Chronic Mucocutaneous Candidiasis. Current Allergy and Asthma Reports 11:5, 342-344
75
R. Horváth, D. Rožková, J. Lašťovička, A. Poloučková, P. Sedláček, A. Šedivá, R. Špíšek. (2011) Expansion of T helper type 17 lymphocytes in patients with chronic granulomatous disease. Clinical & Experimental Immunology 166:1, 26-33
76
Sarah L Gaffen. (2011) Recent advances in the IL-17 cytokine family. Current Opinion in Immunology 23:5, 613-619
77
Diego Mourão-Sá, Matthew J. Robinson, Santiago Zelenay, David Sancho, Probir Chakravarty, Rasmus Larsen, Maud Plantinga, Nico Van Rooijen, Miguel P. Soares, Bart Lambrecht, Caetano Reis e Sousa. (2011) CLEC-2 signaling via Syk in myeloid cells can regulate inflammatory responses. European Journal of Immunology 41:10, 3040-3053
78
Scott G. Filler. (2011) Insights from human studies into the host defense against candidiasis. Cytokine
79
Amit Nahum, Harjit Dadi, Andrea Bates, Chaim M. Roifman. (2011) The biological significance of TLR3 variant, L412F, in conferring susceptibility to cutaneous candidiasis, CMV and autoimmunity. Autoimmunity Reviews
80
R. S. Karthikeyan, S. M. Leal, N. V. Prajna, K. Dharmalingam, D. M. Geiser, E. Pearlman, P. Lalitha. (2011) Expression of Innate and Adaptive Immune Mediators in Human Corneal Tissue Infected With Aspergillus or Fusarium. Journal of Infectious Diseases 204:6, 942-950
81
Josephine Losse, Eliška Svobodová, Antje Heyken, Bernhard Hube, Peter F. Zipfel, Mihály Józsi. (2011) Role of pH-regulated antigen 1 of Candida albicans in the fungal recognition and antifungal response of human neutrophils. Molecular Immunology 48:15-16, 2135-2143
82
Zoe-Dorothea Pana, Aspasia Katragkou, Emmanuel Roilides. (2011) Immunogenetic Variability Associated with Different Susceptibility Patterns to Candida and Aspergillus Infections. Current Fungal Infection Reports 5:3, 141-150
83
Luis A. Pedroza, Vipul Kumar, Keri B. Sanborn, Emily M. Mace, Harri Niinikoski, Kari Nadeau, Dewton de Moraes Vasconcelos, Elena Perez, Soma Jyonouchi, Harumi Jyonouchi, Pinaki P. Banerjee, Olli Ruuskanen, Antonio Condino-Neto, Jordan S. Orange. (2011) Autoimmune regulator (AIRE) contributes to Dectin-1–induced TNF-α production and complexes with caspase recruitment domain–containing protein 9 (CARD9), spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk), and Dectin-1. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
84
Simon Vautier, Donna M. MacCallum, Gordon D. Brown. (2011) C-type lectin receptors and cytokines in fungal immunity. Cytokine
85
(2011) In the Literature. Clinical Infectious Diseases 53:3, iii-iv
86
Sarah L. Gaffen, Nydiaris Hernández-Santos, Alanna C. Peterson. (2011) IL-17 signaling in host defense against Candida albicans. Immunologic Research 50:2-3, 181-187
87
L. Liu, S. Okada, X.-F. Kong, A. Y. Kreins, S. Cypowyj, A. Abhyankar, J. Toubiana, Y. Itan, M. Audry, P. Nitschke, C. Masson, B. Toth, J. Flatot, M. Migaud, M. Chrabieh, T. Kochetkov, A. Bolze, A. Borghesi, A. Toulon, J. Hiller, S. Eyerich, K. Eyerich, V. Gulacsy, L. Chernyshova, V. Chernyshov, A. Bondarenko, R. Maria Cortes Grimaldo, L. Blancas-Galicia, I. M. Madrigal Beas, J. Roesler, K. Magdorf, D. Engelhard, C. Thumerelle, P.-R. Burgel, M. Hoernes, B. Drexel, R. Seger, T. Kusuma, A. F. Jansson, J. Sawalle-Belohradsky, B. Belohradsky, E. Jouanguy, J. Bustamante, M. Bue, N. Karin, G. Wildbaum, C. Bodemer, O. Lortholary, A. Fischer, S. Blanche, S. Al-Muhsen, J. Reichenbach, M. Kobayashi, F. E. Rosales, C. T. Lozano, S. S. Kilic, M. Oleastro, A. Etzioni, C. Traidl-Hoffmann, E. D. Renner, L. Abel, C. Picard, L. Marodi, S. Boisson-Dupuis, A. Puel, J.-L. Casanova. (2011) Gain-of-function human STAT1 mutations impair IL-17 immunity and underlie chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis. Journal of Experimental Medicine 208:8, 1635-1648
88
Mihai G Netea, Frank L van de Veerdonk, Marcel van Deuren, Jos WM van der Meer. (2011) Defects of pattern recognition: primary immunodeficiencies of the innate immune system. Current Opinion in Pharmacology 11:4, 412-422
89
Caetano Reis e Sousa. (2011) 2011 ESCI Award for Excellence in Basic / Translational Research: innate regulation of adaptive immunity by dendritic cells. European Journal of Clinical Investigation 41:8, 907-916
90
van de Veerdonk , Frank L. , Plantinga , Theo S. , Hoischen , Alexander , Smeekens , Sanne P. , Joosten , Leo A.B. , Gilissen , Christian , Arts , Peer , Rosentul , Diana C. , Carmichael , Andrew J. , Smits-van der Graaf , Chantal A.A. , Kullberg , Bart Jan , van der Meer , Jos W.M. , Lilic , Desa , Veltman , Joris A. , Netea , Mihai G. , . (2011) STAT1 Mutations in Autosomal Dominant Chronic Mucocutaneous Candidiasis. New England Journal of Medicine 365:1, 54-61
Free Full Text91
H R Conti, O Baker, A F Freeman, W S Jang, S M Holland, R A Li, M Edgerton, S L Gaffen. (2011) New mechanism of oral immunity to mucosal candidiasis in hyper-IgE syndrome. Mucosal Immunology 4:4, 448-455
92
Markus Ruhnke, Volker Rickerts, Oliver A. Cornely, Dieter Buchheidt, Andreas Glöckner, Werner Heinz, Rainer Höhl, Regine Horré, Meinolf Karthaus, Peter Kujath, Birgit Willinger, Elisabeth Presterl, Peter Rath, Jörg Ritter, Axel Glasmacher, Cornelia Lass-Flörl, Andreas H. Groll. (2011) Diagnosis and therapy of Candida infections: joint recommendations of the German Speaking Mycological Society and the Paul-Ehrlich-Society for Chemotherapy. Mycoses 54:4, 279-310
93
Hagen Ott, Peter H. Hoeger. Cutaneous Infections in Immunocompromised Children. In: Harper's Textbook of Pediatric Dermatology. Wiley-Blackwell, 2011:64.1-64.11.
94
Julie V. Schaffer, Amy S. Paller. Immunodeficiency Syndromes. In: Harper's Textbook of Pediatric Dermatology. Wiley-Blackwell, 2011:177.1-177.34.
95
Suheir Hanna, Amos Etzoni. (2011) New host defense mechanisms against Candida species clarify the basis of clinical phenotypes. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 127:6, 1433-1437
96
Kai Kisand, Desa Lilic, Jean-Laurent Casanova, Pärt Peterson, Anthony Meager, Nick Willcox. (2011) Mucocutaneous candidiasis and autoimmunity against cytokines in APECED and thymoma patients: Clinical and pathogenetic implications. European Journal of Immunology 41:6, 1517-1527
97
J. Ren, M. Yang, G. Qi, J. Zheng, L. Jia, J. Cheng, C. Tian, H. Li, X. Lin, J. Du. (2011) Proinflammatory Protein CARD9 Is Essential for Infiltration of Monocytic Fibroblast Precursors and Cardiac Fibrosis Caused by Angiotensin II Infusion. American Journal of Hypertension 24:6, 701-707
98
Fabiola Osorio, Caetano Reis e Sousa. (2011) Myeloid C-type Lectin Receptors in Pathogen Recognition and Host Defense. Immunity 34:5, 651-664
99
Taro Kawai, Shizuo Akira. (2011) Toll-like Receptors and Their Crosstalk with Other Innate Receptors in Infection and Immunity. Immunity 34:5, 637-650
100
Gordon D. Brown. (2011) Innate Antifungal Immunity: The Key Role of Phagocytes. Annual Review of Immunology 29:1, 1-21
101
Tammy M. Martin, James T. Rosenbaum. (2011) An Update on the Genetics of HLA B27-associated Acute Anterior Uveitis. Ocular Immunology and Inflammation 19:2, 108-114
102
Melissa J. Grimm, R. Robert Vethanayagam, Nikolaos G. Almyroudis, David Lewandowski, Nicole Rall, Timothy S. Blackwell, Brahm H. Segal. (2011) Role of NADPH oxidase in host defense against aspergillosis. Medical Mycology 49:S1, S144-S149
103
Luigina Romani. (2011) Immunity to fungal infections. Nature Reviews Immunology 11:4, 275-288
104
Ann M. Kerrigan, Gordon D. Brown. (2011) Syk-coupled C-type lectins in immunity. Trends in Immunology 32:4, 151-156
105
A. Puel, S. Cypowyj, J. Bustamante, J. F. Wright, L. Liu, H. K. Lim, M. Migaud, L. Israel, M. Chrabieh, M. Audry, M. Gumbleton, A. Toulon, C. Bodemer, J. El-Baghdadi, M. Whitters, T. Paradis, J. Brooks, M. Collins, N. M. Wolfman, S. Al-Muhsen, M. Galicchio, L. Abel, C. Picard, J.-L. Casanova. (2011) Chronic Mucocutaneous Candidiasis in Humans with Inborn Errors of Interleukin-17 Immunity. Science 332:6025, 65-68
106
H. Yang, H. He, Y. Dong. (2011) CARD9 Syk-dependent and Raf-1 Syk-independent signaling pathways in target recognition of Candida albicans by Dectin-1. European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases 30:3, 303-305
107
A. Rivera, T. M. Hohl, N. Collins, I. Leiner, A. Gallegos, S. Saijo, J. W. Coward, Y. Iwakura, E. G. Pamer. (2011) Dectin-1 diversifies Aspergillus fumigatus-specific T cell responses by inhibiting T helper type 1 CD4 T cell differentiation. Journal of Experimental Medicine 208:2, 369-381
108
Mohlopheni J. Marakalala, Ann M. Kerrigan, Gordon D. Brown. (2011) Dectin-1: a role in antifungal defense and consequences of genetic polymorphisms in humans. Mammalian Genome 22:1-2, 55-65
109
Luis Ostrosky-Zeichner, Bart Jan Kullberg, Eric J. Bow, Susan Hadley, Cristóbal León, Marcio Nucci, Thomas F. Patterson, John R. Perfect. (2011) Early treatment of candidemia in adults: a review. Medical Mycology 49:2, 113-120
110
Rebecca A. Drummond, Shinobu Saijo, Yoichiro Iwakura, Gordon D. Brown. (2011) The role of Syk/CARD9 coupled C-type lectins in antifungal immunity. European Journal of Immunology 41:2, 276-281
111
Netea , Mihai G. van der Meer , Jos W.M. . (2011) Immunodeficiency and Genetic Defects of Pattern-Recognition Receptors. New England Journal of Medicine 364:1, 60-70
Full Text112
Diana C. Rosentul, Theo S. Plantinga, Antonios Papadopoulos, Leo A. B. Joosten, Anastasia Antoniadou, Hanka Venselaar, Bart-Jan Kullberg, Jos W. M. van der Meer, Evangelos J. Giamarellos-Bourboulis, Mihai G. Netea. (2011) Variation in Genes of β-glucan Recognition Pathway and Susceptibility to Opportunistic Infections in HIV-Positive Patients. Immunological Investigations 40:7-8, 735-750
113
Mateen Rahman, Brahm H. Segal. (2011) Thematic Issue: Immunity, Inflammation and Fungal Infections. Immunological Investigations 40:7-8, 670-675
114
Xiao-Qing Wei, Helen Rogers, Michael A. O. Lewis, David W. Williams. (2011) The Role of the IL-12 Cytokine Family in Directing T-Cell Responses in Oral Candidosis. Clinical and Developmental Immunology 2011, 1-10
115
Cristina Cunha, Franco Aversa, Giovanni Bistoni, Andrea Casagrande, Fernando Rodrigues, Luigina Romani, Agostinho Carvalho. (2011) Immunogenetic Profiling to Predict Risk of Invasive Fungal Diseases: Where Are We Now?. Immunological Investigations 40:7-8, 723-734
116
Shinji KAGAMI. (2011) IL-23 and Th17 cells in infections and psoriasis. Japanese Journal of Clinical Immunology 34:1, 13-19
117
Philippe Eggimann, Jacques Bille, Oscar Marchetti. (2011) Diagnosis of invasive candidiasis in the ICU. Annals of Intensive Care 1:1, 37
118
James Isami Ito. (2011) T cell Immunity and Vaccines Against Invasive Fungal Diseases. Immunological Investigations 40:7-8, 825-838
119
Dominik Schenten, Ruslan Medzhitov. The Control of Adaptive Immune Responses by the Innate Immune System. Elsevier, 2011:87-124.
120
Davide Firinu, Orietta Massidda, Maria Maddalena Lorrai, Loredana Serusi, Monica Peralta, Maria Pina Barca, Paolo Serra, Paolo Emilio Manconi. (2011) Successful Treatment of Chronic Mucocutaneous Candidiasis Caused by Azole-Resistant Candida albicans with Posaconazole. Clinical and Developmental Immunology 2011, 1-4
121
P. D. Burbelo, S. K. Browne, E. P. Sampaio, G. Giaccone, R. Zaman, E. Kristosturyan, A. Rajan, L. Ding, K. H. Ching, A. Berman, J. B. Oliveira, A. P. Hsu, C. M. Klimavicz, M. J. Iadarola, S. M. Holland. (2010) Anti-cytokine autoantibodies are associated with opportunistic infection in patients with thymic neoplasia. Blood 116:23, 4848-4858
122
Jos W.M. van der Meer, Frank L. van de Veerdonk, Leo A.B. Joosten, Bart-Jan Kullberg, Mihai G. Netea. (2010) Severe Candida spp. infections: new insights into natural immunity. International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents 36, S58-S62
123
Sarah K Browne, Steven M Holland. (2010) Immunodeficiency secondary to anticytokine autoantibodies. Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology 10:6, 534-541
124
Erik Glocker, Bodo Grimbacher. (2010) Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis and congenital susceptibility to Candida. Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology 10:6, 542-550
125
Sarah K Browne, Steven M Holland. (2010) Anticytokine autoantibodies in infectious diseases: pathogenesis and mechanisms. The Lancet Infectious Diseases 10:12, 875-885
126
Kaan Boztug, Xiao-Qi Ding, Hans Hartmann, Lena Ziesenitz, Alejandro A. Schäffer, Jana Diestelhorst, Dietmar Pfeifer, Giridharan Appaswamy, Sonja Kehbel, Thorsten Simon, Abdullah Al Jefri, Heinrich Lanfermann, Christoph Klein. (2010) HAX1 mutations causing severe congenital neuropenia and neurological disease lead to cerebral microstructural abnormalities documented by quantitative MRI. American Journal of Medical Genetics Part A 152A:12, 3157-3163
127
Simon Vautier, Maria da Glória Sousa, Gordon D. Brown. (2010) C-type lectins, fungi and Th17 responses. Cytokine & Growth Factor Reviews 21:6, 405-412
128
Heleen D de Koning, Diana Rodijk-Olthuis, Ivonne M J J van Vlijmen-Willems, Leo A B Joosten, Mihai G Netea, Joost Schalkwijk, Patrick L J M Zeeuwen. (2010) A Comprehensive Analysis of Pattern Recognition Receptors in Normal and Inflamed Human Epidermis: Upregulation of Dectin-1 in Psoriasis. Journal of Investigative Dermatology 130:11, 2611-2620
129
Wan-Fai Ng, Alexei von Delwig, Andrew J. Carmichael, Peter D. Arkwright, Mario Abinun, Andrew J. Cant, Stephen Jolles, Desa Lilic. (2010) Impaired TH17 responses in patients with chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis with and without autoimmune polyendocrinopathy–candidiasis–ectodermal dystrophy. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 126:5, 1006-1015.e4
130
Frank L van de Veerdonk, Bart-Jan Kullberg, Mihai G Netea. (2010) Pathogenesis of invasive candidiasis. Current Opinion in Critical Care 16:5, 453-459
131
Cristina Cunha, Luigina Romani, Agostinho Carvalho. (2010) Cracking the Toll-like receptor code in fungal infections. Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy 8:10, 1121-1137
132
Mihai G. Netea, László Maródi. (2010) Innate immune mechanisms for recognition and uptake of Candida species. Trends in Immunology 31:9, 346-353
133
Lena F. Schimke, Julie Sawalle-Belohradsky, Joachim Roesler, Andreas Wollenberg, Anita Rack, Michael Borte, Nikolaus Rieber, Reinhold Cremer, Eberhart Maaß, Roland Dopfer, Janine Reichenbach, Volker Wahn, Manfred Hoenig, Annette F. Jansson, Angela Roesen-Wolff, Bianca Schaub, Reinhard Seger, Harry R. Hill, Hans D. Ochs, Troy R. Torgerson, Bernd H. Belohradsky, Ellen D. Renner. (2010) Diagnostic approach to the hyper-IgE syndromes: Immunologic and clinical key findings to differentiate hyper-IgE syndromes from atopic dermatitis. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 126:3, 611-617.e1
134
Hendrik Poeck, Jürgen Ruland. (2010) SYK kinase signaling and the NLRP3 inflammasome in antifungal immunity. Journal of Molecular Medicine 88:8, 745-752
135
Sarah K Browne, Steven M Holland. (2010) Anti-cytokine autoantibodies explain some chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis. Immunology and Cell Biology 88:6, 614-615
136
Christelle Bourgeois, Olivia Majer, Ingrid E Frohner, Lanay Tierney, Karl Kuchler. (2010) Fungal attacks on mammalian hosts: pathogen elimination requires sensing and tasting. Current Opinion in Microbiology 13:4, 401-408
137
Heather R. Conti, Sarah L. Gaffen. (2010) Host responses to Candida albicans: Th17 cells and mucosal candidiasis. Microbes and Infection 12:7, 518-527
138
Hendrik Poeck, Jürgen Ruland. (2010) ITAM Receptor Signaling and the NLRP3 Inflammasome in Antifungal Immunity. Journal of Clinical Immunology 30:4, 496-501
139
Attila Mócsai, Jürgen Ruland, Victor L. J. Tybulewicz. (2010) The SYK tyrosine kinase: a crucial player in diverse biological functions. Nature Reviews Immunology 10:6, 387-402
140
Frank L. Van De Veerdonk, Mihai G. Netea, Leo A. Joosten, Jos W.M. Van Der Meer, Bart Jan Kullberg. (2010) Novel strategies for the prevention and treatment of Candida infections: the potential of immunotherapy. FEMS Microbiology Reviewsno-no
141
Linda M. Rehaume, Thierry Jouault, Mathias Chamaillard. (2010) Lessons from the inflammasome: a molecular sentry linking Candida and Crohn's disease. Trends in Immunology 31:5, 171-175
142
Cailin Henderson, Raphaela Goldbach-Mansky. (2010) Monogenic IL-1 mediated autoinflammatory and immunodeficiency syndromes: Finding the right balance in response to danger signals. Clinical Immunology 135:2, 210-222
143
Megan K.L. MacLeod, John W. Kappler, Philippa Marrack. (2010) Memory CD4 T cells: generation, reactivation and re-assignment. Immunology 130:1, 10-15
144
Gudmundur Hrafn Gudmundsson, Peter Bergman, Jan Andersson, Rubhana Raqib, Birgitta Agerberth. (2010) Battle and balance at mucosal surfaces – The story of Shigella and antimicrobial peptides. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 396:1, 116-119
145
A. Dorhoi, C. Desel, V. Yeremeev, L. Pradl, V. Brinkmann, H.-J. Mollenkopf, K. Hanke, O. Gross, J. Ruland, S. H. E. Kaufmann. (2010) The adaptor molecule CARD9 is essential for tuberculosis control. Journal of Experimental Medicine 207:4, 777-792
146
Joshua D Milner, Netanya G Sandler, Daniel C Douek. (2010) Th17 cells, Jobʼs syndrome and HIV: opportunities for bacterial and fungal infections. Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS 5:2, 179-183
147
A. Puel, R. Doffinger, A. Natividad, M. Chrabieh, G. Barcenas-Morales, C. Picard, A. Cobat, M. Ouachee-Chardin, A. Toulon, J. Bustamante, S. Al-Muhsen, M. Al-Owain, P. D. Arkwright, C. Costigan, V. McConnell, A. J. Cant, M. Abinun, M. Polak, P.-F. Bougneres, D. Kumararatne, L. Marodi, A. Nahum, C. Roifman, S. Blanche, A. Fischer, C. Bodemer, L. Abel, D. Lilic, J.-L. Casanova. (2010) Autoantibodies against IL-17A, IL-17F, and IL-22 in patients with chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis and autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type I. Journal of Experimental Medicine 207:2, 291-297
148
K. Kisand, A. S. Boe Wolff, K. T. Podkrajsek, L. Tserel, M. Link, K. V. Kisand, E. Ersvaer, J. Perheentupa, M. M. Erichsen, N. Bratanic, A. Meloni, F. Cetani, R. Perniola, B. Ergun-Longmire, N. Maclaren, K. J. E. Krohn, M. Pura, B. Schalke, P. Strobel, M. I. Leite, T. Battelino, E. S. Husebye, P. Peterson, N. Willcox, A. Meager. (2010) Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis in APECED or thymoma patients correlates with autoimmunity to Th17-associated cytokines. Journal of Experimental Medicine 207:2, 299-308
149
(2010) Dectin-1 Deficiency and Mucocutaneous Fungal Infections. New England Journal of Medicine 362:4, 367-368
Free Full Text150
Mohlopheni Jackson Marakalala, Lisa M. Graham, Gordon D. Brown. (2010) The Role of Syk/CARD9-Coupled C-Type Lectin Receptors in Immunity to Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infections. Clinical and Developmental Immunology 2010, 1-9
151
Gerben Ferwerda, Mihai G. Netea, Leo A. Joosten, Jos W.M. van der Meer, Luigina Romani, Bart Jan Kullberg. (2010) The role of Toll-like receptors and C-type lectins for vaccination against Candida albicans. Vaccine 28:3, 614-622
152
Frank L. Van De Veerdonk, Mark S. Gresnigt, Bart Jan Kullberg, Jos W.M. Van Der Meer, Leo A.B. Joosten, Mihai G. Netea. (2009) Th17 responses and host defense against microorganisms: an overview. BMB Reports 42:12, 776-787
153
Ferwerda , Bart , Ferwerda , Gerben , Plantinga , Theo S. , Willment , Janet A. , van Spriel , Annemiek B. , Venselaar , Hanka , Elbers , Clara C. , Johnson , Melissa D. , Cambi , Alessandra , Huysamen , Cristal , Jacobs , Liesbeth , Jansen , Trees , Verheijen , Karlijn , Masthoff , Laury , Morré , Servaas A. , Vriend , Gert , Williams , David L. , Perfect , John R. , Joosten , Leo A.B. , Wijmenga , Cisca , van der Meer , Jos W.M. , Adema , Gosse J. , Kullberg , Bart Jan , Brown , Gordon D. , Netea , Mihai G. , . (2009) Human Dectin-1 Deficiency and Mucocutaneous Fungal Infections. New England Journal of Medicine 361:18, 1760-1767
Free Full Text154
Holland , Steven M. , Vinh , Donald C. , . (2009) Yeast Infections — Human Genetics on the Rise. New England Journal of Medicine 361:18, 1798-1801
Full Text
- Letters
