Original Article
Shared and Distinct Genetic Variants in Type 1 Diabetes and Celiac Disease
N Engl J Med 2008; 359:2767-2777December 25, 2008DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa0807917
- Abstract
Background
Two inflammatory disorders, type 1 diabetes and celiac disease, cosegregate in populations, suggesting a common genetic origin. Since both diseases are associated with the HLA class II genes on chromosome 6p21, we tested whether non-HLA loci are shared.
Methods
We evaluated the association between type 1 diabetes and eight loci related to the risk of celiac disease by genotyping and statistical analyses of DNA samples from 8064 patients with type 1 diabetes, 9339 control subjects, and 2828 families providing 3064 parent–child trios (consisting of an affected child and both biologic parents). We also investigated 18 loci associated with type 1 diabetes in 2560 patients with celiac disease and 9339 control subjects.
Results
Three celiac disease loci — RGS1 on chromosome 1q31, IL18RAP on chromosome 2q12, and TAGAP on chromosome 6q25 — were associated with type 1 diabetes (P<1.00×10−4). The 32-bp insertion–deletion variant on chromosome 3p21 was newly identified as a type 1 diabetes locus (P=1.81×10−8) and was also associated with celiac disease, along with PTPN2 on chromosome 18p11 and CTLA4 on chromosome 2q33, bringing the total number of loci with evidence of a shared association to seven, including SH2B3 on chromosome 12q24. The effects of the IL18RAP and TAGAP alleles confer protection in type 1 diabetes and susceptibility in celiac disease. Loci with distinct effects in the two diseases included INS on chromosome 11p15, IL2RA on chromosome 10p15, and PTPN22 on chromosome 1p13 in type 1 diabetes and IL12A on 3q25 and LPP on 3q28 in celiac disease.
Conclusions
A genetic susceptibility to both type 1 diabetes and celiac disease shares common alleles. These data suggest that common biologic mechanisms, such as autoimmunity-related tissue damage and intolerance to dietary antigens, may be etiologic features of both diseases.
Media in This Article
Figure 1
Odds Ratios for an Association between SNPs Related to the Risk of Type 1 Diabetes and Those Related to the Risk of Celiac Disease.Table 1
Association Results for Celiac Risk Variants Genotyped in Type 1 Diabetes Case–Control and Family Collections.Article Activity
- Article
Type 1 diabetes is caused by autoimmune destruction of the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreatic islets. The disease affects approximately 0.4% of persons of European origin and is strongly clustered in families. The major susceptibility genes — the HLA class II loci, HLA-DQB1 and HLA-DRB1 on chromosome 6p21 — act in combination with many other non-HLA loci across the genome,1,2 with unknown environmental factors playing a major role.3-6 Celiac disease, which results from an immune, inflammatory reaction in the small intestine to proteins in ingested barley, wheat, and rye gluten, occurs in approximately 0.1% of persons of northern European origin, an estimate that is based on clinically diagnosed symptoms. However, within that population, the prevalence of celiac disease may be as high as 1% on the basis of the highly sensitive and specific test for autoantibodies to tissue transglutaminase.7,8 The major susceptibility gene is also HLA-DQB1.9,10
Celiac disease and anti–tissue transglutaminase antibodies occur more frequently in patients with type 1 diabetes than in the general population, depending on the age of the patient; at most, 10% of children and 2% of adults with type 1 diabetes have positive tests for such antibodies.11 An increasing incidence of celiac disease during recent decades has also been reported.8 It has been suggested that gluten consumption, along with gut permeability and inflammation, are factors in the development of type 1 diabetes.6,12 These results suggest that type 1 diabetes and celiac disease may share some causative genetic and environmental factors.
Genomewide association studies have recently identified eight chromosome regions outside the HLA region as being associated with celiac disease (P<5.00×10−7), findings that probably provide a representative view of the major genetic effects in the northern European population for this disorder.10 In patients with type 1 diabetes, 15 non-HLA regions have been established to date,1,13-15 and two other loci, IL7R on chromosome 5p13 and CD226 on chromosome 18q22, have been implicated in type 1 diabetes and multiple sclerosis.1,16,17 It has already been reported that the SH2B3 locus on chromosome 12q24 is shared between type 1 diabetes and celiac disease, with indications of such sharing in IL2–IL21 on chromosome 4q27 and CCR3 on chromosome 3p21.9,10 In addition, there is some evidence for association of the established type 1 diabetes loci, CTLA4 on chromosome 2q339,18 and PTPN22 on chromosome 1p13,19 in celiac disease. In this study, we evaluated the association between all these loci and type 1 diabetes and celiac disease, including the CCR5 32-bp insertion–deletion variant that we report here as a type 1 diabetes locus, in order to assess the genetic similarities and differences between these two inflammatory disorders. (See the Glossary and the Methods section in the Supplementary Appendix, available with the full text of this article at www.nejm.org.)
Methods
Study Subjects
In our study, patients with type 1 diabetes (www.childhood-diabetes.org.uk/grid.shtml) were under 16 years of age at the time of sample collection, with a mean age at diagnosis of 7.5 years (range, 0.5 to 16).1 A total of 9339 control samples were obtained from 6164 subjects in the British 1958 Birth Cohort (www.b58cgene.sgul.ac.uk) and from a collection of 3175 blood donors, established by the Wellcome Trust Case Consortium.13 The cohort of 2828 families (providing 3064 parent–child trios, consisting of one affected child and two biologic parents) included 468 multiplex families from the Diabetes UK Warren I repository, 331 multiplex families from the Human Biological Data Interchange in the United States, 881 multiplex and simplex families from Finland, 263 multiplex and simplex families from Northern Ireland, 124 simplex families from the Diabetes UK Warren III repository, 350 simplex families from Norway, and 411 simplex families from Romania (www-gene.cimr.cam.ac.uk/todd/dna-refs.shtml).1 The 2560 patients with celiac disease were recruited throughout England, Scotland, and Wales. DNA was extracted from peripheral-blood samples obtained from 1175 patients recruited from hospital outpatient clinics and from saliva samples obtained from 1385 patients recruited through an advertisement by Celiac UK.
The diagnosis of celiac disease was based on clinical symptoms, a current gluten-free diet, serologic analysis, a biopsy sample of the small intestine, and response to treatment. The mean age at diagnosis was 41.0 years (range, 3 months to 84 years); 75.1% of the patients were female. The Irish collection consisted of 416 patients with celiac disease and 957 control subjects, and the Dutch collection consisted of 507 patients with celiac disease and 888 control subjects.10 All patients with type 1 diabetes or celiac disease, control subjects, and parent–child trio families reported their race as white. The relevant research ethics committees approved the study, and written informed consent was obtained from all study subjects or their parents or guardians.
Genotyping
We genotyped single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from 8 celiac disease loci — RGS1 on chromosome 1q31, IL18RAP on chromosome 2q12, CCR3 on chromosome 3p21, IL12A on chromosome 3q25, LPP on chromosome 3q28, IL2–IL21 on chromosome 4q27, TAGAP on chromosome 6q25, and SH2B3 on chromosome 12q24 — and from 15 type 1 diabetes loci — PTPN22 on chromosome 1p13, IFIH1 on chromosome 2q24, CTLA4 on chromosome 2q33, IL2–IL21 on chromosome 4q27, BACH2 on chromosome 6q15, IL2RA (CD25) on chromosome 10p15, PRKCQ on chromosome 10p15, INS on chromosome 11p15, ERBB3 on chromosome 12q13, SH2B3 on chromosome 12q24, CTSH on chromosome 15q24, CLEC16A on chromosome 16p13, PTPN2 on chromosome 18p11, UBASH3A on chromosome 21q22, and C1QTNF6 on chromosome 22q13 (for all gene names, see the Glossary in the Supplementary Appendix). We also genotyped SNPs from IL7R on chromosome 5p13, CD226 on chromosome 18q22, and the 32-bp insertion–deletion variant in CCR5 on chromosome 3p21.
Statistical Analysis
In our study, P<1.00×10−4 was determined to indicate statistical significance. This approach was conservative because established evidence needed to show that the two diseases being studied have a familial association (cosegregation), a clinical or epidemiologic association, or both and that they share some clinical and biologic phenotypes.20,21 We also required that the evidence for the locus association with the first disease be robust and convincing (i.e., P<5.00×10−7 in multiple populations) and that there be robust marker scoring and statistical analyses (see the Supplementary Appendix for details).
Results
Celiac Disease Loci in Type 1 Diabetes
We genotyped samples from 8064 patients with type 1 diabetes and 9339 control subjects and, where appropriate, samples from 2828 families. We chose the nine SNPs with the highest disease association from the eight non-HLA regions associated with celiac disease10 (Table 1Table 1
Association Results for Celiac Risk Variants Genotyped in Type 1 Diabetes Case–Control and Family Collections., and Table 1 in the Supplementary Appendix). Three of these newly analyzed regions — RGS1 on chromosome 1q31, IL18RAP on chromosome 2q12, and TAGAP on chromosome 6q25 — showed strong evidence of association with type 1 diabetes (P<1.00×10−4) in case–control and family subjects. Therefore, along with the sharing in SH2B3 on chromosome 12q24 that was reported previously,10 four of these eight celiac disease loci are shared with those associated with type 1 diabetes (Figure 1AFigure 1Odds Ratios for an Association between SNPs Related to the Risk of Type 1 Diabetes and Those Related to the Risk of Celiac Disease.). The celiac disease–associated SNPs rs6441961 in CCR3 and rs6822844 in IL2–IL21 did not reach the threshold for significance for type 1 diabetes (P>1.00×10−4) (Table 1). The regions IL12A on chromosome 3q25 and LPP on chromosome 3q28 showed no evidence of association with type 1 diabetes (P>0.15) (Table 1 and Figure 1D).Since the association for CCR3 in the type 1 diabetes case–control analysis (P=3.40×10−4) narrowly missed the threshold for significance and CCR3 is one of several chemokine receptor genes on chromosome 3p21, we hypothesized that a stronger association with type 1 diabetes might exist owing to a polymorphism in one of the other CCR genes in this region, all of which are functional candidates for both diseases. Therefore, we tested the association of two established functional variants, one in CCR2 (rs1799864, Ile64Val) and the other in CCR5 (rs333, the 32-bp insertion–deletion variant), which have been reported to be associated with susceptibility to infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and with the outcome and treatment of HIV.22 Moreover, polymorphisms of CCR5 and its ligand, CCL3L1, have also been associated with susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis23,24 and with type 1 diabetes in several smaller studies in which the results remain unconfirmed.25-28 We did not find any evidence for an association between rs1799864 in CCR2 and type 1 diabetes (odds ratio, 0.97; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.89 to 1.06; P=0.51) (Table 2 in the Supplementary Appendix). In contrast, homozygosity of the rs333 32-bp insertion–deletion variant in CCR5, which encodes a nonfunctional receptor, was associated with a decreased risk of type 1 diabetes (odds ratio, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.40 to 0.72; P=1.88×10−6 with 2 df). We validated the association in the family collection (relative risk, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.34 to 0.82; P=0.009; P=1.81×10−8 with 2 df for the overall comparison). The CCR5 insertion–deletion, rs333, is located 62 kb centromeric from the rs6441961 SNP in CCR3 (D′=0.98, r2=0.05), and logistic-regression analysis indicated that the potential association with type 1 diabetes with rs6441961 in CCR3 was not due to linkage disequilibrium with rs333 (rs333 added to rs6441961, P=3.39×10−5; in reverse analysis, rs6441961 added to rs333, P=0.008).
Type 1 Diabetes Loci in Celiac Disease
We analyzed the associations of the 18 loci that have been associated with type 1 diabetes in celiac disease (including the CCR5 insertion–deletion, rs333, and the SH2B3 locus on 12q24 that was previously recognized to be shared between the two diseases) by genotyping 19 SNPs and the rs333 variant in CCR5 in 2560 patients with celiac disease. We then compared the results with those from 9339 control subjects (Table 2Table 2
Association Results of Type 1 Diabetes Loci Tested in Celiac Disease. and Figure 1, and Table 3 in the Supplementary Appendix). The loci with the most significant associations were CTLA4 (rs3087243) with an odds ratio of 0.85 (P=1.26×10−6) and CCR5 (rs333) with an odds ratio of 0.79 (P=9.18×10−6). The findings in these two regions indicated that these are probably true effects, a conclusion supported by previous reports that these loci have been associated with both type 1 diabetes and celiac disease and other immune-mediated diseases.9,18,23-28 Markers in CCR5 and CCR3 were independently associated with celiac disease (in logistic-regression analysis, rs333 added to rs6441961, P=0.001; in reverse analysis, rs6441961 added to rs333, P=0.01). These results indicate that there are two or more causal variants or genes in this region of chromosome 3p21, which is rich in chemokine and chemokine receptor genes.
We previously reported two independent associations with type 1 diabetes within the PTPN2 region marked by the SNPs rs1893217 and rs478582.1 Resequencing of the PTPN2 gene, genotyping, and analyses identified SNP rs45450798 in high linkage disequilibrium with rs1893217 (r2=0.97), so rs45450798 replaces rs1893217 as the most strongly associated SNP in the PTPN2 region. Logistic forward regression analysis revealed that rs45450798 explained the association at rs1893217 and, combined with rs478582, explained the association with type 1 diabetes of the PTPN2 chromosome region (Table 4 in the Supplementary Appendix). In the patients with celiac disease, the significance of the association of PTPN2 SNP rs45450798 (P=2.61×10−4) narrowly missed the threshold of P<1.00×10−4 (Table 2). Therefore, we analyzed the available but unpublished data for the two independent case–control sample sets from Ireland and the Netherlands, obtaining consistent support for the association of PTPN2 rs1893217 with celiac disease (P=0.045) (Table 6 in the Supplementary Appendix). Given the fact that PTPN2 has also been associated with another inflammatory disorder, Crohn's disease,29 it is highly likely that PTPN2 is also a celiac disease locus, bringing the total of non-HLA celiac disease loci from 8 to 11.
Six other regions showed nominal evidence of association with celiac disease (P<0.05). The most strongly associated SNP for the risk of type 1 diabetes in the IL2–IL21 region on chromosome 4q27, rs2069763 (a synonymous SNP in exon 1 of IL2), is weakly associated with celiac disease (P=0.02), which indicates that although this region is linked to both diseases, the genetic variants are different. The remaining regions are IL7R on chromosome 5p13 (P=0.007), BACH2 on chromosome 6q15 (P=0.003), PRKCQ on chromosome 10p15 (P=0.02), CD226 on chromosome 18q22 (P=0.01), and UBASH3A on chromosome 21q22 (P=0.009). Figure 1 illustrates the combined results of Table 1 and Table 2, with 15 loci showing some evidence for colocalization (assuming two susceptibility variants in the IL2–IL21 region on chromosome 4q27); of these, 7 have convincing evidence: RGS1 on chromosome 1q31, IL18RAP on chromosome 2q12, CTLA4 on chromosome 2q33, CCR5 on chromosome 3p21, TAGAP on chromosome 6q25, SH2B3 on chromosome 12q24, and PTPN2 on chromosome 18p11. At least five showed distinct differences — namely, a strong association in one disease and no or little evidence for association in the other disease (INS on chromosome 11p15, PTPN22 on chromosome 1p13, IL2RA on chromosome 10p15, LPP on chromosome 3q28, and IL12A on chromosome 3q25) (Figure 1C and 1D).
Discussion
Our findings and those reported previously1,10,14,15 provide convincing evidence that 21 non-HLA loci are associated with type 1 diabetes and 11 non-HLA loci are associated with celiac disease. Of these loci, we have identified three celiac disease loci as having an association with type 1 diabetes (RGS1, IL18RAP, and TAGAP) and two type 1 diabetes loci as having an association with celiac disease (CCR5 and PTPN2). Furthermore, our results provide confirmation of the importance of the CTLA4 region on chromosome 2q33. Seven of these chromosome regions are shared between the two diseases, suggesting that for an investigation of shared loci in two diseases that are known to cosegregate, the previous odds of 1000:1 against there being a true association at any tested candidate gene20,21 is too conservative (Supplementary Appendix).
Four alleles — RGS1 on chromosome 1q31, CTLA4 on chromosome 2q33, SH2B3 on chromosome 12q24, and PTPN2 on chromosome 18p11 — show the same direction of association in the two diseases, constituting evidence for shared causal variants. We know that this is not due to bias in ascertainment of the cases, nor is the use of a common set of control subjects a problem since we have consistent results from our family-based analyses (Supplementary Appendix).
The minor alleles of the SNPs rs917997 (IL18RAP on chromosome 2q12) and rs1738074 (TAGAP on chromosome 6q25) were negatively associated with type 1 diabetes, whereas these minor alleles were positively associated with celiac disease.10 These results may be interpreted in two ways: the causal variants in these two regions may have opposite biologic effects in type 1 diabetes and celiac disease, or there may be different causal variants for each disease in each region with the typed marker SNPs tagging these causal variants. For the regions of IL18RAP on chromosome 2q12 and TAGAP on chromosome 6q25, we have found no evidence for a second locus within these regions in genomewide association studies of type 1 diabetes13,15 (data not shown). Moreover, there is precedent for a causal variant having opposing effects in different diseases. For example, the minor allele of PTPN22 variant Arg620Trp on chromosome 1p13 predisposes a person to many immune-mediated diseases but is protective for Crohn's disease.30 Hence, we favor the possibility that the causal variants have opposite effects in patients with type 1 diabetes and celiac disease. In contrast, for chromosome 4q27, our data indicate that different causal variants are involved in type 1 diabetes and celiac disease, perhaps affecting different genes. The important immune-response genes, IL-2 31 and IL-21, are strong functional candidates. Before we can draw further conclusions, all the regions discussed here must be thoroughly resequenced from multiple persons to ascertain a complete catalogue of polymorphisms, followed by further genotyping to identify all the variants with the most association.
Nevertheless, the 32-bp insertion–deletion in CCR5 (rs333), which causes a loss of expression of the receptor,22 could well be the actual functional, causal variant involved. The disease associations of the two chemokine receptor genes, CCR3 and CCR5, suggest the central importance of lymphocyte trafficking in these organ-specific diseases. The development and anatomy of the small intestine and pancreas are close, and the gut immune system shares close connections with pancreatic lymph nodes, which have been linked to insulitis and destruction of beta cells.32 In patients with recent-onset type 1 diabetes, alterations in levels of two CCR5 ligands, CCL3 (MIP-1α) and CCL4 (MIP-1β), have been reported.33 In the NOD mouse model of type 1 diabetes, CCR5 and its ligand CCL4 have multiple reported roles in the development of disease.34
However, there are distinct differences in genetic susceptibility between patients with type 1 diabetes and those with celiac disease, including differences in PTPN22 on chromosome 1p13, in IL2RA on chromosome 10p15, and in INS on chromosome 11p15. Although there are shared predisposing alleles at the HLA-DQB1 gene for type 1 diabetes and celiac disease, there are distinguishing differences in the HLA-DQB1 genotype (Supplementary Appendix). One possibility is that there is a common genetic background with respect to autoimmunity and inflammation and that further combinations of more disease-specific variation at HLA and non-HLA genes, in interaction with epigenetic and environmental factors, determine the final clinical outcomes.
Our results support further evaluation of the hypothesis that cereal and gluten consumption might be an environmental factor in type 1 diabetes, leading to the alteration of the function of the gut immune system and its relationship with the pancreatic immune system.6,12,32,35 Furthermore, insulin and its precursors are major targets of the T and B lymphocyte autoreactive response in type 1 diabetes. Thus, one might speculate that bovine insulin in infant foods could enhance anti-insulin responses,3 particularly if there are genetically determined defects in oral tolerance predisposing to type 1 diabetes. Conversely, genes that are classified as autoimmunity genes, because they are associated with type 1 diabetes, contribute to celiac disease.
Supported by Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation International, the Wellcome Trust, the National Institute for Health Research's Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Celiac UK, the Celiac Disease Consortium (an innovative cluster approved by the Netherlands Genomics Initiative and partly funded by the Dutch Government), the European Union, the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research, the Science Foundation Ireland, and the Irish Health Research Board.
Dr. McManus reports receiving grant support from Hitachi Europe; and Dr. van Heel, having an equity interest in and receiving consulting fees from NexPep.
No other potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.
This article (10.1056/NEJMoa0807917) was published at www.nejm.org on December 10, 2008.
We thank all the patients and control subjects for their participation in the study; the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children Laboratory in Bristol and the British 1958 Birth Cohort team, including S. Ring, R. Jones, M. Pembrey, W. McArdle, D. Strachan, and P. Burton for preparing and providing the control DNA samples; the Human Biological Data Interchange and Diabetes UK for data on multiplex families; the Norwegian Study Group for Childhood Diabetes for the collection of the Norwegian families, especially D. Undlien and K. Ronningen; D. Savage, C. Patterson, D. Carson, and P. Maxwell for the Northern Irish samples; J. Tuomilehto, L. Kinnunen, E. Tuomilehto-Wolf, V. Harjutsalo, and T. Valle of Genetics of Type 1 Diabetes in Finland for the Finnish family samples; C. Guja and C. Ionescu-Tirgoviste for the Romanian family samples; the Irish Blood Transfusion Service–Trinity College Dublin Biobank for DNA from Irish control subjects; the Barts and the London Genome Centre for genotyping support; J. Swift, R. Crimmins, P. Kumar, D.P. Jewell, L. Dinesen, S.P.L. Travis, K. Moriarty, P. Howdle, D.S. Sanders, G.K.T. Holmes, S. Sleet, and Celiac UK for the collection of British celiac samples; A. Monsuur, C.J. Mulder, M.L. Mearin, and W.H.M. Verbeek, for the recruitment of patients; G. Meijer and J. Meijer for their review of histologic analyses; K. Duran for DNA extraction; H. van Someren and F. Mulder for clinical database management; L. Franke, A. Zhernakova, M. Plateel, and the genotyping facilities at University Medical Center Groningen and University Medical Center Utrecht in the Netherlands for their technical assistance; F.M. Stevens, C. O'Morain, N.P. Kennedy, M. Abuzakouk, R. McLoughlin, K. Brophy, C. Feighery, J. McPartlin, D. Kelleher, A.W. Ryan, and G. Turner for sample collection and genotyping; and L. Wicker for comments on the manuscript.
Source Information
From the Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation–Wellcome Trust Diabetes and Inflammation Laboratory, Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom (D.J.S., V.P., N.M.W., J.D.C., K.D., J.H.M.Y., J.M.M.H., H.S., D.G.C., J.A.T.); the Department of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin (R.M.); the Genetics Department, University Medical Center and Groningen University, Groningen, the Netherlands (C.W.); and the Institute of Cell and Molecular Science, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London (G.A.H., P.C.D., K.A.H., D.A.H.).
Address reprint requests to Dr. Todd at the Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation–Wellcome Trust Diabetes and Inflammation Laboratory, Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0XY, United Kingdom, or at john.todd@cimr.cam.ac.uk.
- References
References
1
Todd JA ,Walker NM ,Cooper JD , et al. Robust associations of four new chromosome regions from genome-wide analyses of type 1 diabetes. Nat Genet 2007;39:857-864
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline2
Nejentsev S ,Howson JM ,Walker NM , et al. Localization of type 1 diabetes susceptibility to the MHC class I genes HLA-B and HLA-A. Nature 2007;450:887-892
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline3
Knip M ,Veijola R ,Virtanen SM ,Hyoty H ,Vaarala O ,Akerblom HK . Environmental triggers and determinants of type 1 diabetes. Diabetes 2005;54:Suppl 2:S125-S136
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline4
Gale EA . The rise of childhood type 1 diabetes in the 20th century. Diabetes 2002;51:3353-3361
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline5
Atkinson MA ,Maclaren NK . The pathogenesis of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med 1994;331:1428-1436
Full Text | Web of Science | Medline6
Vaarala O ,Atkinson MA ,Neu J . The “perfect storm” for type 1 diabetes: the complex interplay between intestinal microbiota, gut permeability, and mucosal immunity. Diabetes 2008;57:2555-2562
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline7
van Heel DA ,West J . Recent advances in coeliac disease. Gut 2006;55:1037-1046
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline8
Lohi S, Mustalahti K, Kaukinen K, et al. Increasing prevalence of coeliac disease over time. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2007;26:1217-25.
9
van Heel DA ,Franke L ,Hunt KA , et al. A genome-wide association study for celiac disease identifies risk variants in the region harboring IL2 and IL21. Nat Genet 2007;39:827-829
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline10
Hunt KA ,Zhernakova A ,Turner G , et al. Newly identified genetic risk variants for celiac disease related to the immune response. Nat Genet 2008;40:395-402
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline11
Maki M ,Mustalahti K ,Kokkonen J , et al. Prevalence of celiac disease among children in Finland. N Engl J Med 2003;348:2517-2524
Free Full Text | Web of Science | Medline12
Frisk G ,Hansson T ,Dahlbom I ,Tuvemo T . A unifying hypothesis on the development of type 1 diabetes and celiac disease: gluten consumption may be a shared causative factor. Med Hypotheses 2008;70:1207-1209
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline13
Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline14
Concannon P ,Onengut-Gumuscu S ,Todd JA , et al. A human type 1 diabetes susceptibility locus maps to chromosome 21q22.3. Diabetes 2008;57:2858-2861
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline15
Cooper JD, Smyth DJ, Smiles AM, et al. Meta-analysis of genome-wide association study data identifies additional type 1 diabetes risk loci. Nat Genet 2008 November 2 (Epub ahead of print).
16
Hafler JP, Maier LM, Cooper JD, et al. CD226 Gly307Ser association with multiple autoimmune diseases. Genes Immun 2008 October 30 (Epub ahead of print).
17
Weber F ,Fontaine B ,Cournu-Rebeix I , et al. IL2RA and IL7RA genes confer susceptibility for multiple sclerosis in two independent European populations. Genes Immun 2008;9:259-263
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline18
Rioux JD ,Karinen H ,Kocher K , et al. Genomewide search and association studies in a Finnish celiac disease population: identification of a novel locus and replication of the HLA and CTLA4 loci. Am J Med Genet A 2004;130:345-350
CrossRef | Web of Science19
Santin I ,Castellanos-Rubio A ,Aransay AM ,Castano L ,Vitoria JC ,Bilbao JR . The functional R620W variant of the PTPN22 gene is associated with celiac disease. Tissue Antigens 2008;71:247-249
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline20
Thomas DC ,Clayton DG . Betting odds and genetic associations. J Natl Cancer Inst 2004;96:421-423
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline21
Wacholder S ,Chanock S ,Garcia-Closas M ,El Ghormli L ,Rothman N . Assessing the probability that a positive report is false: an approach for molecular epidemiology studies. J Natl Cancer Inst 2004;96:434-442
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline22
Ahuja SK ,Kulkarni H ,Catano G , et al. CCL3L1-CCR5 genotype influences durability of immune recovery during antiretroviral therapy of HIV-1-infected individuals. Nat Med 2008;14:413-420
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline23
Prahalad S . Negative association between the chemokine receptor CCR5-Delta32 polymorphism and rheumatoid arthritis: a meta-analysis. Genes Immun 2006;7:264-268
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline24
McKinney C ,Merriman ME ,Chapman PT , et al. Evidence for an influence of chemokine ligand 3-like 1 (CCL3L1) gene copy number on susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2008;67:409-413
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline25
Buhler MM ,Craig M ,Donaghue KC , et al. CCR5 genotyping in an Australian and New Zealand type 1 diabetes cohort. Autoimmunity 2002;35:457-461
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline26
Kalev I ,Oselin K ,Parlist P , et al. CC-chemokine receptor CCR5-del32 mutation as a modifying pathogenetic factor in type I diabetes. J Diabetes Complications 2003;17:387-391
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline27
Szalai C ,Csaszar A ,Czinner A , et al. Chemokine receptor CCR2 and CCR5 polymorphisms in children with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Pediatr Res 1999;46:82-84
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline28
Yang B ,Houlberg K ,Millward A ,Demaine A . Polymorphisms of chemokine and chemokine receptor genes in Type 1 diabetes mellitus and its complications. Cytokine 2004;26:114-121
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline29
Parkes M ,Barrett JC ,Prescott NJ , et al. Sequence variants in the autophagy gene IRGM and multiple other replicating loci contribute to Crohn's disease susceptibility. Nat Genet 2007;39:830-832
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline30
Barrett JC ,Hansoul S ,Nicolae DL , et al. Genome-wide association defines more than 30 distinct susceptibility loci for Crohn's disease. Nat Genet 2008;40:955-962
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline31
Yamanouchi J ,Rainbow D ,Serra P , et al. Interleukin-2 gene variation impairs regulatory T cell function and causes autoimmunity. Nat Genet 2007;39:329-337
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline32
Turley SJ ,Lee JW ,Dutton-Swain N ,Mathis D ,Benoist C . Endocrine self and gut non-self intersect in the pancreatic lymph nodes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2005;102:17729-17733
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline33
Hanifi-Moghaddam P ,Kappler S ,Seissler J , et al. Altered chemokine levels in individuals at risk of Type 1 diabetes mellitus. Diabet Med 2005;23:156-163
CrossRef | Web of Science34
Meagher C ,Arreaza G ,Peters A , et al. CCL4 protects from type 1 diabetes by altering islet beta-cell-targeted inflammatory responses. Diabetes 2007;56:809-817
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline35
Wen L ,Ley RE ,Volchkov PY , et al. Innate immunity and intestinal microbiota in the development of Type 1 diabetes. Nature 2008;455:1109-1113
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline
- Citing Articles (176)
Citing Articles
1
P. Achenbach, M. Hummel, L. Thümer, H. Boerschmann, D. Höfelmann, A. G. Ziegler. (2013) Characteristics of rapid vs slow progression to type 1 diabetes in multiple islet autoantibody-positive children. Diabetologia 56:7, 1615-1622
2
A. P. Laine, M. Knip, J. Ilonen, . (2013) Transmission disequilibrium analysis of 31 type 1 diabetes susceptibility loci in Finnish families. Tissue Antigens 82:1, 35-42
3
Sjoerd F. Bakker, Maarten E. Tushuizen, Wilhelmina H. Stokvis-Brantsma, Henk J. Aanstoot, Per Winterdijk, Petra A. van Setten, Boudewina M. von Blomberg, Chris J. Mulder, Suat Simsek. (2013) Frequent delay of coeliac disease diagnosis in symptomatic patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus: Clinical and genetic characteristics. European Journal of Internal Medicine 24:5, 456-460
4
Nadia Solovieff, Chris Cotsapas, Phil H. Lee, Shaun M. Purcell, Jordan W. Smoller. (2013) Pleiotropy in complex traits: challenges and strategies. Nature Reviews Genetics 14:7, 483-495
5
Jolanda M. Denham, Ivor D. Hill. (2013) Celiac Disease and Autoimmunity: Review and Controversies. Current Allergy and Asthma Reports
6
Nathália A.C. Tavares, Manuella M.S. Santos, Ronald Moura, Jacqueline Araújo, Rafael Guimarães, Sergio Crovella, Lucas Brandão. (2013) Interleukin 18 (IL18) gene promoter polymorphisms are associated with type 1 diabetes mellitus in Brazilian patients. Cytokine 62:2, 286-289
7
Uma Gaur, Kui Li, Shuqi Mei, Guisheng Liu. (2013) Research progress in allele-specific expression and its regulatory mechanisms. Journal of Applied Genetics
8
H. J. Cordell, A. Topf, C. Mamasoula, A. V. Postma, J. Bentham, D. Zelenika, S. Heath, G. Blue, C. Cosgrove, J. Granados Riveron, R. Darlay, R. Soemedi, I. J. Wilson, K. L. Ayers, T. J. Rahman, D. Hall, B. J. M. Mulder, A. H. Zwinderman, K. van Engelen, J. D. Brook, K. Setchfield, F. A. Bu'Lock, C. Thornborough, J. O'Sullivan, A. G. Stuart, J. Parsons, S. Bhattacharya, D. Winlaw, S. Mital, M. Gewillig, J. Breckpot, K. Devriendt, A. F. M. Moorman, A. Rauch, G. M. Lathrop, B. D. Keavney, J. A. Goodship. (2013) Genome-wide association study identifies loci on 12q24 and 13q32 associated with Tetralogy of Fallot. Human Molecular Genetics 22:7, 1473-1481
9
Valli De Re, Laura Caggiari, Maria Tabuso, Renato Cannizzaro. (2013) The versatile role of gliadin peptides in celiac disease. Clinical Biochemistry 46:6, 552-560
10
F.R. Ali, A. Barton, R.L.I. Smith, J. Bowes, E. Flynn, M. Mangino, V. Bataille, J.P. Foerster, J. Worthington, C.E.M. Griffiths, R.B. Warren. (2013) An investigation of rheumatoid arthritis loci in patients with early-onset psoriasis validates association of the REL gene. British Journal of Dermatology 168:4, 864-866
11
P. Roujon, G. Guidicelli, J.-F. Moreau, J.-L. Taupin. (2013) Immunogénétique de la maladie cœliaque. Pathologie Biologie 61:2, e5-e11
12
Ludvig M. Sollid, Bana Jabri. (2013) Triggers and drivers of autoimmunity: lessons from coeliac disease. Nature Reviews Immunology
13
Kevin Goudy, Didem Aydin, Federica Barzaghi, Eleonora Gambineri, Marina Vignoli, Sara Ciullini Mannurita, Claudio Doglioni, Maurilio Ponzoni, Maria Pia Cicalese, Andrea Assanelli, Alberto Tommasini, Immacolata Brigida, Rosa Maria Dellepiane, Silvana Martino, Sven Olek, Alessandro Aiuti, Fabio Ciceri, Maria Grazia Roncarolo, Rosa Bacchetta. (2013) Human IL2RA null mutation mediates immunodeficiency with lymphoproliferation and autoimmunity. Clinical Immunology 146:3, 248-261
14
Katherine P. Liao, Fina Kurreeman, Gang Li, Grant Duclos, Shawn Murphy, Raul Guzman, Tianxi Cai, Namrata Gupta, Vivian Gainer, Peter Schur, Jing Cui, Joshua C. Denny, Peter Szolovits, Susanne Churchill, Isaac Kohane, Elizabeth W. Karlson, Robert M. Plenge. (2013) Associations of autoantibodies, autoimmune risk alleles, and clinical diagnoses from the electronic medical records in rheumatoid arthritis cases and non-rheumatoid arthritis controls. Arthritis & Rheumatism 65:3, 571-581
15
Emily C Oxford, Deanna D Nguyen, Jenny Sauk, Joshua R Korzenik, Vijay Yajnik, Sonia Friedman, Ashwin N Ananthakrishnan. (2013) Impact of Coexistent Celiac Disease on Phenotype and Natural History of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. The American Journal of Gastroenterology
16
Alexandra Nicole Menchise, Adria A. Condino, Marc A. Levitt, Andre Hebra, Michael J. Wilsey. (2013) Celiac Disease and Diabetes Mellitus Diagnosed in a Pediatric Patient with Hirschsprung Disease. Fetal & Pediatric Pathology 31:1, 7-12
17
Zhi-Xin Qiu, Kui Zhang, Xue-Song Qiu, Min Zhou, Wei-Min Li. (2013) CD226 Gly307Ser association with multiple autoimmune diseases: A meta-analysis. Human Immunology 74:2, 249-255
18
Vera Pravica, Milos Markovic, Maja Cupic, Emina Savic, Dusan Popadic, Jelena Drulovic, Marija Mostarica-Stojkovic. (2013) Multiple sclerosis: individualized disease susceptibility and therapy response. Biomarkers in Medicine 7:1, 59-71
19
Chao Xuan, Li-Min Lun, Jin-Xia Zhao, Hong-Wei Wang, Bao-Zhi Zhu, Shui Yu, Zhen Liu, Guo-Wei He. (2013) PTPN22 Gene Polymorphism (C1858T) Is Associated with Susceptibility to Type 1 Diabetes: A Meta-Analysis of 19,495 Cases and 25,341 Controls. Annals of Human Geneticsn/a-n/a
20
Jiangfang Lian, Yi Huang, R. Stephanie Huang, Limin Xu, Yanping Le, Xi Yang, Weifeng Xu, Xiaoyan Huang, Meng Ye, Jianqing Zhou, Shiwei Duan. (2013) Meta-analyses of four eosinophil related gene variants in coronary heart disease. Journal of Thrombosis and Thrombolysis
21
Liana Ghazarian, Julien Diana, Yannick Simoni, Lucie Beaudoin, Agnès Lehuen. (2013) Prevention or acceleration of type 1 diabetes by viruses. Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences 70:2, 239-255
22
Chris Cotsapas, David A. Hafler. (2013) Immune-mediated disease genetics: the shared basis of pathogenesis. Trends in Immunology 34:1, 22-26
23
Tony Tiganis. (2013) PTP1B and TCPTP - nonredundant phosphatases in insulin signaling and glucose homeostasis. FEBS Journal 280:2, 445-458
24
B. Frederiksen, E. Liu, J. Romanos, A.K. Steck, X. Yin, M. Kroehl, T.E. Fingerlin, H. Erlich, G.S. Eisenbarth, M. Rewers, J.M. Norris. (2013) Investigation of the vitamin D receptor gene (VDR) and its interaction with protein tyrosine phosphatase, non-receptor type 2 gene (PTPN2) on risk of islet autoimmunity and type 1 diabetes: The Diabetes Autoimmunity Study in the Young (DAISY). The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 133, 51-57
25
Leslie J. Raffel, Mark O. Goodarzi. Diabetes Mellitus. In: Emery and Rimoin's Principles and Practice of Medical Genetics. Elsevier, 2013:1-58.
26
Eleanora Anna Margaretha Festen, Cisca Wijmenga, Rinse K Weersma. Inflammatory Bowel Disease. In: Genomic and Personalized Medicine. Elsevier, 2013:863-878.
27
Robert M. Plenge. Rheumatoid Arthritis. In: Genomic and Personalized Medicine. Elsevier, 2013:839-852.
28
María Cénit, Ana Márquez, Miguel Cordero-Coma, Alejandro Fonollosa, Alfredo Adán, Agustín Martínez-Berriotxoa, Victor Llorenç, David Díaz Valle, Ricardo Blanco, Joaquín Cañal, Manuel Díaz-Llopis, José García Serrano, Enrique de Ramón, María del Rio, Marina Begoña Gorroño- Echebarría, José Martín-Villa, Norberto Ortego-Centeno, Javier Martín. (2013) Evaluation of the IL2/IL21, IL2RA and IL2RB genetic variants influence on the endogenous non-anterior uveitis genetic predisposition. BMC Medical Genetics 14:1, 52
29
Brian G. Pierce, Ryan Eberwine, Janelle A. Noble, Michael Habib, Hennady P. Shulha, Zhiping Weng, Elizabeth P. Blankenhorn, John P. Mordes. (2013) The Missing Heritability in T1D and Potential New Targets for Prevention. Journal of Diabetes Research 2013, 1-10
30
J Zheng, S Ibrahim, F Petersen, X Yu. (2012) Meta-analysis reveals an association of PTPN22 C1858T with autoimmune diseases, which depends on the localization of the affected tissue. Genes and Immunity 13:8, 641-652
31
Shengping Hou, Aize Kijlstra, Peizeng Yang. (2012) The genetics of Behçet’s disease in a Chinese population. Frontiers of Medicine 6:4, 354-359
32
S. Redler, F. Albert, F.F. Brockschmidt, C. Herold, S. Hanneken, S. Eigelshoven, K.A. Giehl, R. Kruse, G. Lutz, H. Wolff, B. Blaumeiser, M. Böhm, T. Becker, M.M. Nöthen, R.C. Betz. (2012) Investigation of selected cytokine genes suggests that IL2RA and the TNF / LTA locus are risk factors for severe alopecia areata. British Journal of Dermatology 167:6, 1360-1365
33
William E. Barbeau. (2012) What is the key environmental trigger in type 1 diabetes — Is it viruses, or wheat gluten, or both?. Autoimmunity Reviews 12:2, 295-299
34
Alessandra Fierabracci, Annamaria Milillo, Franco Locatelli, Doriana Fruci. (2012) The putative role of endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidases in autoimmunity: Insights from genomic-wide association studies. Autoimmunity Reviews 12:2, 281-288
35
Irit Taler, Moshe Phillip, Yael Lebenthal, Liat de Vries, Raanan Shamir, Shlomit Shalitin. (2012) Growth and metabolic control in patients with type 1 diabetes and celiac disease: a longitudinal observational case-control study. Pediatric Diabetes 13:8, 597-606
36
Paola Luca, Jill Hamilton, Farid H Mahmud, Juliet Usher-Smith. (2012) Ask the Experts: Pediatric Type 1 diabetes: adjunctive therapies, celiac disease and the role of the primary care physician. Diabetes Management 2:6, 489-495
37
S Gery, H P Koeffler. (2012) Role of the adaptor protein LNK in normal and malignant hematopoiesis. Oncogene
38
Georgia Malamut, Joseph A. Murray, Christophe Cellier. (2012) Refractory Celiac Disease. Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Clinics of North America 22:4, 759-772
39
H. Beyan, L. Wen, R. D. Leslie. (2012) Guts, Germs, and Meals: The Origin of Type 1 Diabetes. Current Diabetes Reports 12:5, 456-462
40
James A. Thompson, Daniel Perry, Todd M. Brusko. (2012) Autologous Regulatory T Cells for the Treatment of Type 1 Diabetes. Current Diabetes Reports 12:5, 623-632
41
Benjamin F Voight, Chris Cotsapas. (2012) Human genetics offers an emerging picture of common pathways and mechanisms in autoimmunity. Current Opinion in Immunology 24:5, 552-557
42
Johanna Lempainen, Jorma Ilonen. (2012) Influence of Type 1 Diabetes Genes on Disease Progression: Similarities and Differences Between Countries. Current Diabetes Reports 12:5, 447-455
43
A S Parmar, M Lappalainen, P Paavola-Sakki, L Halme, M Färkkilä, U Turunen, K Kontula, A Aromaa, V Salomaa, L Peltonen, J Halfvarson, L Törkvist, M D'Amato, P Saavalainen, E Einarsdottir. (2012) Association of celiac disease genes with inflammatory bowel disease in Finnish and Swedish patients. Genes and Immunity 13:6, 474-480
44
Daniela Larizza, Valeria Calcaterra, Catherine Klersy, Carla Badulli, Claudia Caramagna, Antonio Ricci, Paola Brambilla, Laura Salvaneschi, Miryam Martinetti. (2012) Common immunogenetic profile in children with multiple autoimmune diseases: the signature of HLA-DQ pleiotropic genes. Autoimmunity 45:6, 470-475
45
Mahwash Babar, Anthony W Ryan, Lesley A Anderson, Ricardo Segurado, Graham Turner, Liam J Murray, Seamus J Murphy, Brian T Johnston, Harry Comber, John V Reynolds, Ross McManus. (2012) Genes of the Interleukin-18 Pathway Are Associated With Susceptibility to Barrett's Esophagus and Esophageal Adenocarcinoma. The American Journal of Gastroenterology 107:9, 1331-1341
46
Amit K. Maiti, Swapan K. Nath. (2012) Gene network analysis of small molecules with autoimmune disease associated genes predicts a novel strategy for drug efficacy. Autoimmunity Reviews
47
Cornelia Di Gaetano, Luca Marozio, Floriana Voglino, Simonetta Guarrera, Annalisa Tancredi, Elena Gibbone, Chiara Benedetto, Mauro Gasparini, Alberto Piazza, Giuseppe Matullo. (2012) Role of the 12q24.12 locus in the onset of preeclampsia: an Italian case-control study. Journal of Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine 25:8, 1228-1232
48
D. Kantarova, M. Vrlik, M. Buc. (2012) Genetic Determination and Immunopathogenesis of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus in Humans. Acta Medica Martiniana 12:2, 19-31
49
Shuo-Wang Qiao, Rasmus Iversen, Melinda Ráki, Ludvig M. Sollid. (2012) The adaptive immune response in celiac disease. Seminars in Immunopathology 34:4, 523-540
50
Christopher S. McAllister, Martin F. Kagnoff. (2012) The immunopathogenesis of celiac disease reveals possible therapies beyond the gluten-free diet. Seminars in Immunopathology 34:4, 581-600
51
Luis Sarmiento, José A Galvan, Eduardo Cabrera-Rode, Lazaro Aira, Consuelo Correa, Susel Sariego, Magile Fonseca, Ileana Cubas-Dueñas, Lai Heng Hung, Sonia Resik, Corrado M. Cilio. (2012) Type 1 diabetes associated and tissue transglutaminase autoantibodies in patients without type 1 diabetes and coeliac disease with confirmed viral infections. Journal of Medical Virology 84:7, 1049-1053
52
Vinod Kumar, Cisca Wijmenga, Sebo Withoff. (2012) From genome-wide association studies to disease mechanisms: celiac disease as a model for autoimmune diseases. Seminars in Immunopathology 34:4, 567-580
53
Georgia Malamut, Bertrand Meresse, Christophe Cellier, Nadine Cerf-Bensussan. (2012) Refractory celiac disease: from bench to bedside. Seminars in Immunopathology 34:4, 601-613
54
C. Wallace, M. Rotival, J. D. Cooper, C. M. Rice, J. H. M. Yang, M. McNeill, D. J. Smyth, D. Niblett, F. Cambien, , L. Tiret, J. A. Todd, D. G. Clayton, S. Blankenberg. (2012) Statistical colocalization of monocyte gene expression and genetic risk variants for type 1 diabetes. Human Molecular Genetics 21:12, 2815-2824
55
Elisabeth A. Cats, Anne Suzanne Bertens, Jan H. Veldink, Leonard H. Berg, W. Ludo Pol. (2012) Associated autoimmune diseases in patients with multifocal motor neuropathy and their family members. Journal of Neurology 259:6, 1137-1141
56
Jennifer L. Hall, Daniel A. Duprez, Ana Barac, Stephen S. Rich. (2012) A Review of Genetics, Arterial Stiffness, and Blood Pressure in African Americans. Journal of Cardiovascular Translational Research 5:3, 302-308
57
Carl Johan Wingren, Daniel Agardh, Juan Merlo. (2012) Revisiting the risk of celiac disease in children born small for gestational age: A sibling design perspective. Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology 47:6, 632-639
58
Ying Jin, Stanca A Birlea, Pamela R Fain, Tracey M Ferrara, Songtao Ben, Sheri L Riccardi, Joanne B Cole, Katherine Gowan, Paulene J Holland, Dorothy C Bennett, Rosalie M Luiten, Albert Wolkerstorfer, J P Wietze van der Veen, Anke Hartmann, Saskia Eichner, Gerold Schuler, Nanja van Geel, Jo Lambert, E Helen Kemp, David J Gawkrodger, Anthony P Weetman, Alain Taïeb, Thomas Jouary, Khaled Ezzedine, Margaret R Wallace, Wayne T McCormack, Mauro Picardo, Giovanni Leone, Andreas Overbeck, Nanette B Silverberg, Richard A Spritz. (2012) Genome-wide association analyses identify 13 new susceptibility loci for generalized vitiligo. Nature Genetics 44:6, 676-680
59
Dimitrios P. Bogdanos, Daniel S. Smyk, Eirini I. Rigopoulou, Maria G. Mytilinaiou, Michael A. Heneghan, Carlo Selmi, M. Eric Gershwin. (2012) Twin studies in autoimmune disease: Genetics, gender and environment. Journal of Autoimmunity 38:2-3, J156-J169
60
Orith Waisbourd-Zinman, Iva Hojsak, Yoram Rosenbach, Yael Mozer-Glassberg, Shlomit Shalitin, Moshe Phillip, Raanan Shamir. (2012) Spontaneous Normalization of Anti-Tissue Transglutaminase Antibody Levels Is Common in Children with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. Digestive Diseases and Sciences 57:5, 1314-1320
61
J. F. Ludvigsson, M. Inghammar, M. Ekberg, A. Egesten. (2012) A nationwide cohort study of the risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in coeliac disease. Journal of Internal Medicine 271:5, 481-489
62
J-E Martin, F D Carmona, J C A Broen, C P Simeón, M C Vonk, P Carreira, R Ríos-Fernández, G Espinosa, E Vicente-Rabaneda, C Tolosa, F J García-Hernández, I Castellví, V Fonollosa, M A González-Gay, L Sáez-Comet, R García Portales, P García de la Peña, M Fernández-Castro, B Díaz, L Martínez-Estupiñán, M Coenen, A E Voskuyl, A J Schuerwegh, M Vanthuyne, F Houssiau, V Smith, F de Keyser, E De Langhe, G Riemekasten, T Witte, N Hunzelmann, A Kreuter, Ø Palm, M M Chee, J M van Laar, C Denton, A Herrick, J Worthington, B P C Koeleman, T R D J Radstake, C Fonseca, J Martín. (2012) The autoimmune disease-associated IL2RA locus is involved in the clinical manifestations of systemic sclerosis. Genes and Immunity 13:2, 191-196
63
Lina-Marcela Diaz-Gallo, Javier Martin. (2012) Common genes in autoimmune diseases: a link between immune-mediated diseases. Expert Review of Clinical Immunology 8:2, 107-109
64
Kwang Woo Hwang, Tae Joon Won, Hyunok Kim, Ha-Jung Chun, Taehoon Chun, Yongsoo Park. (2012) Erratum to “Characterization of the regulatory roles of the SUMO”. Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews 28:2, 196-202
65
L. J. Davison, C. Wallace, J. D. Cooper, N. F. Cope, N. K. Wilson, D. J. Smyth, J. M. M. Howson, N. Saleh, A. Al-Jeffery, K. L. Angus, H. E. Stevens, S. Nutland, S. Duley, R. M. R. Coulson, N. M. Walker, O. S. Burren, C. M. Rice, F. Cambien, T. Zeller, T. Munzel, K. Lackner, S. Blankenberg, , P. Fraser, B. Gottgens, J. A. Todd. (2012) Long-range DNA looping and gene expression analyses identify DEXI as an autoimmune disease candidate gene. Human Molecular Genetics 21:2, 322-333
66
J F Ludvigsson, K Fall, S Montgomery. (2012) Risk of prostate cancer in a population-based cohort of men with coeliac disease. British Journal of Cancer 106:1, 217-221
67
Tamara Pozo-Rubio, Marta Olivares, Esther Nova, Giada De Palma, Jorge R. Mujico, Maria Desamparados Ferrer, Ascensión Marcos, Yolanda Sanz. (2012) Immune Development and Intestinal Microbiota in Celiac Disease. Clinical and Developmental Immunology 2012, 1-12
68
Corinne Richard-Miceli, Lindsey A Criswell. (2012) Emerging patterns of genetic overlap across autoimmune disorders. Genome Medicine 4:1, 6
69
Saurav Guha, Jeffrey A Rosenfeld, Anil K Malhotra, Annette T Lee, Peter K Gregersen, John M Kane, Itsik Pe'er, Ariel Darvasi, Todd Lencz. (2012) Implications for health and disease in the genetic signature of the Ashkenazi Jewish population. Genome Biology 13:1, R2
70
Karen A Hunt, Deborah J Smyth, Tobias Balschun, Maria Ban, Vanisha Mistry, Tariq Ahmad, Vidya Anand, Jeffrey C Barrett, Leena Bhaw-Rosun, Nicholas A Bockett, Oliver J Brand, Elisabeth Brouwer, Patrick Concannon, Jason D Cooper, Kerith-Rae M Dias, Cleo C van Diemen, Patrick C Dubois, Sarah Edkins, Regina Fölster-Holst, Karin Fransen, David N Glass, Graham A R Heap, Sylvia Hofmann, Tom W J Huizinga, Sarah Hunt, Cordelia Langford, James Lee, John Mansfield, Maria Giovanna Marrosu, Christopher G Mathew, Charles A Mein, Joachim Müller-Quernheim, Sarah Nutland, Suna Onengut-Gumuscu, Willem Ouwehand, Kerra Pearce, Natalie J Prescott, Marcel D Posthumus, Simon Potter, Giulio Rosati, Jennifer Sambrook, Jack Satsangi, Stefan Schreiber, Corina Shtir, Matthew J Simmonds, Marc Sudman, Susan D Thompson, Rene Toes, Gosia Trynka, Timothy J Vyse, Neil M Walker, Stephan Weidinger, Alexandra Zhernakova, Magdalena Zoledziewska, Rinse K Weersma, Stephen C L Gough, Stephen Sawcer, Cisca Wijmenga, Miles Parkes, Francesco Cucca, Andre Franke, Panos Deloukas, Stephen S Rich, John A Todd, David A van Heel. (2011) Rare and functional SIAE variants are not associated with autoimmune disease risk in up to 66,924 individuals of European ancestry. Nature Genetics 44:1, 3-5
71
Vanisha Mistry, David van Heel. Molecular Genetics of Coeliac Disease. In: eLS. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2011.
72
Angela Dann, Hendrik Poeck, Andrew L Croxford, Stefanie Gaupp, Katrin Kierdorf, Markus Knust, Dietmar Pfeifer, Cornelius Maihoefer, Stefan Endres, Ulrich Kalinke, Sven G Meuth, Heinz Wiendl, Klaus-Peter Knobeloch, Shizuo Akira, Ari Waisman, Gunther Hartmann, Marco Prinz. (2011) Cytosolic RIG-I–like helicases act as negative regulators of sterile inflammation in the CNS. Nature Neuroscience 15:1, 98-106
73
Brian P. Boerner, Nora E. Sarvetnick. (2011) Type 1 diabetes: role of intestinal microbiome in humans and mice. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1243:1, 103-118
74
Ludvig M Sollid, Bana Jabri. (2011) Celiac disease and transglutaminase 2: a model for posttranslational modification of antigens and HLA association in the pathogenesis of autoimmune disorders. Current Opinion in Immunology 23:6, 732-738
75
Florian Wiede, Benjamin J. Shields, Sock Hui Chew, Konstantinos Kyparissoudis, Catherine van Vliet, Sandra Galic, Michel L. Tremblay, Sarah M. Russell, Dale I. Godfrey, Tony Tiganis. (2011) T cell protein tyrosine phosphatase attenuates T cell signaling to maintain tolerance in mice. Journal of Clinical Investigation 121:12, 4758-4774
76
Nikolaos A. Patsopoulos, , Paul I. W. de Bakker. (2011) Genome-wide meta-analysis identifies novel multiple sclerosis susceptibility loci. Annals of Neurology 70:6, 897-912
77
Laura Espino-Paisán, Hermenegildo De La Calle, Miguel Fernández-Arquero, M. Angeles Figueredo, Emilio G. De La Concha, Elena Urcelay, Jose Luis Santiago. (2011) Study of polymorphisms in 4q27, 10p15, and 22q13 regions in autoantibodies stratified type 1 diabetes patients. Autoimmunity 44:8, 624-630
78
Gosia Trynka, Karen A Hunt, Nicholas A Bockett, Jihane Romanos, Vanisha Mistry, Agata Szperl, Sjoerd F Bakker, Maria Teresa Bardella, Leena Bhaw-Rosun, Gemma Castillejo, Emilio G de la Concha, Rodrigo Coutinho de Almeida, Kerith-Rae M Dias, Cleo C van Diemen, Patrick C A Dubois, Richard H Duerr, Sarah Edkins, Lude Franke, Karin Fransen, Javier Gutierrez, Graham A R Heap, Barbara Hrdlickova, Sarah Hunt, Leticia Plaza Izurieta, Valentina Izzo, Leo A B Joosten, Cordelia Langford, Maria Cristina Mazzilli, Charles A Mein, Vandana Midah, Mitja Mitrovic, Barbara Mora, Marinita Morelli, Sarah Nutland, Concepción Núñez, Suna Onengut-Gumuscu, Kerra Pearce, Mathieu Platteel, Isabel Polanco, Simon Potter, Carmen Ribes-Koninckx, Isis Ricaño-Ponce, Stephen S Rich, Anna Rybak, José Luis Santiago, Sabyasachi Senapati, Ajit Sood, Hania Szajewska, Riccardo Troncone, Jezabel Varadé, Chris Wallace, Victorien M Wolters, Alexandra Zhernakova, B K Thelma, Bozena Cukrowska, Elena Urcelay, Jose Ramon Bilbao, M Luisa Mearin, Donatella Barisani, Jeffrey C Barrett, Vincent Plagnol, Panos Deloukas, Cisca Wijmenga, David A van Heel. (2011) Dense genotyping identifies and localizes multiple common and rare variant association signals in celiac disease. Nature Genetics 43:12, 1193-1201
79
Nada M. Saleh, Srilakshmi M. Raj, Deborah J. Smyth, Chris Wallace, Joanna M. M. Howson, Louise Bell, Neil M. Walker, Helen E. Stevens, John A. Todd. (2011) Genetic association analyses of atopic illness and proinflammatory cytokine genes with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews 27:8, 838-843
80
Kwang Woo Hwang, Tae Joon Won, Hyunok Kim, Ha-Jung Chun, Taehoon Chun, Yongsoo Park. (2011) Characterization of the regulatory roles of the SUMO. Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews 27:8, 854-861
81
Julie Devallière, Béatrice Charreau. (2011) The adaptor Lnk (SH2B3): An emerging regulator in vascular cells and a link between immune and inflammatory signaling. Biochemical Pharmacology 82:10, 1391-1402
82
Peter R. Baker, Andrea K. Steck. (2011) The Past, Present, and Future of Genetic Associations in Type 1 Diabetes. Current Diabetes Reports 11:5, 445-453
83
Hakon Hakonarson, Struan F. A. Grant. (2011) Genome-wide association studies (GWAS): impact on elucidating the aetiology of diabetes. Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews 27:7, 685-696
84
B Hrdlickova, H-J Westra, L Franke, C Wijmenga. (2011) Celiac disease: moving from genetic associations to causal variants. Clinical Genetics 80:3, 203-313
85
D. Pitocco, S. Giubilato, F. Martini, F. Zaccardi, V. Pazzano, A. Manto, G. Cammarota, E. Di Stasio, D. Pedicino, G. Liuzzo, F. Crea, G. Ghirlanda. (2011) Combined atherogenic effects of celiac disease and type 1 diabetes mellitus. Atherosclerosis 217:2, 531-535
86
J. F. Ludvigsson, P. H. Green. (2011) Clinical management of coeliac disease. Journal of Internal Medicine 269:6, 560-571
87
R Chen, E A Stahl, F A S Kurreeman, P K Gregersen, K A Siminovitch, J Worthington, L Padyukov, S Raychaudhuri, R M Plenge. (2011) Fine mapping the TAGAP risk locus in rheumatoid arthritis. Genes and Immunity 12:4, 314-318
88
Rafael Tabarés-Seisdedos, Nancy Dumont, Anaïs Baudot, Jose M Valderas, Joan Climent, Alfonso Valencia, Benedicto Crespo-Facorro, Eduard Vieta, Manuel Gómez-Beneyto, Salvador Martínez, John L Rubenstein. (2011) No paradox, no progress: inverse cancer comorbidity in people with other complex diseases. The Lancet Oncology 12:6, 604-608
89
Georgia Malamut, Christophe Cellier. (2011) Editorial: Is Refractory Celiac Disease More Severe in Old Europe?. The American Journal of Gastroenterology 106:5, 929-932
90
Valérie Abadie, Ludvig M. Sollid, Luis B. Barreiro, Bana Jabri. (2011) Integration of Genetic and Immunological Insights into a Model of Celiac Disease Pathogenesis. Annual Review of Immunology 29:1, 493-525
91
A. P. Weetman. (2011) Diseases associated with thyroid autoimmunity: explanations for the expanding spectrum. Clinical Endocrinology 74:4, 411-418
92
Laura Espino-Paisan, Hermenegildo Calle, Miguel Fernández-Arquero, Maria Ángeles Figueredo, Emilio G. Concha, Elena Urcelay, Jose Luis Santiago. (2011) A polymorphism in PTPN2 gene is associated with an earlier onset of type 1 diabetes. Immunogenetics 63:4, 255-258
93
Ekta Rai, Edward K. Wakeland. (2011) Genetic predisposition to autoimmunity – What have we learned?. Seminars in Immunology 23:2, 67-83
94
Pallais , J. Carl Mackool , Bonnie T. Pitman , Martha Bishop . (2011) Case 7-2011. New England Journal of Medicine 364:10, 957-966
Full Text95
F Blanco-Kelly, R Alvarez-Lafuente, A Alcina, M M Abad-Grau, V de las Heras, M Lucas, E G de la Concha, O Fernández, R Arroyo, F Matesanz, E Urcelay. (2011) Members 6B and 14 of the TNF receptor superfamily in multiple sclerosis predisposition. Genes and Immunity 12:2, 145-148
96
Mathias Chatelais, Julie Devallière, Cesare Galli, Béatrice Charreau. (2011) Gene transfer of the adaptor Lnk (SH2B3) prevents porcine endothelial cell activation and apoptosis: implication for xenograft’s cytoprotection. Xenotransplantation 18:2, 108-120
97
Raivo Uibo, Marina Panarina, Kaupo Teesalu, Ija Talja, Epp Sepp, Meeme Utt, Marika Mikelsaar, Kaire Heilman, Oivi Uibo, Tamara Vorobjova. (2011) Celiac disease in patients with type 1 diabetes: a condition with distinct changes in intestinal immunity?. Cellular and Molecular Immunology 8:2, 150-156
98
Elena Y Lavrikova, Alexey G Nikitin, Tamara L Kuraeva, Valentina A Peterkova, Nina M Tsitlidze, Dimitry A Chistiakov, Valery V Nosikov. (2011) The carriage of the type 1 diabetes-associated R262W variant of human LNK correlates with increased proliferation of peripheral blood monocytes in diabetic patients. Pediatric Diabetes 12:2, 127-132
99
Marianna Orlova, Tania Di Pietrantonio, Erwin Schurr. (2011) Genetics of infectious diseases: hidden etiologies and common pathways. Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine 49:9,
100
David Branski. Disorders of Malabsorption. In: Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. Elsevier, 2011:1304-1322.
101
O. S. Burren, E. C. Adlem, P. Achuthan, M. Christensen, R. M. R. Coulson, J. A. Todd. (2011) T1DBase: update 2011, organization and presentation of large-scale data sets for type 1 diabetes research. Nucleic Acids Research 39:Database, D997-D1001
102
Li Ping Zhou, Wei Wei Liu, Tian E. Zhang, Wei Hong Li, Ling Ling Tan, Wan Zhen Li, Yu Hua Qin, Hong Ya Yang, Azure Duan, Mi Qu Wang, Wei Jun Ding. (2011) Resequencing DCDC5 in the Flanking Region of an LD-SNP Derived from a Kidney-Yang Deficiency Syndrome Family. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2011, 1-7
103
Diabetes Mellitus. In: Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. Elsevier, 2011:1968-1997.e3.
104
Naoki Oiso, Tamio Suzuki, Kazuyoshi Fukai, Ichiro Katayama, Akira Kawada. (2011) Nonsegmental Vitiligo and Autoimmune Mechanism. Dermatology Research and Practice 2011, 1-7
105
Janneke Wiebolt, Bobby P. C. Koeleman, Timon W. Van Haeften. (2010) Endocrine autoimmune disease: genetics become complex. European Journal of Clinical Investigation 40:12, 1144-1155
106
Maud Pinier, Gregor Fuhrmann, Elena Verdu, Jean-Christophe Leroux. (2010) Prevention Measures and Exploratory Pharmacological Treatments of Celiac Disease. The American Journal of Gastroenterology 105:12, 2551-2561
107
Yonghong Li, Wilson Liao, Michele Cargill, Monica Chang, Nori Matsunami, Bing-Jian Feng, Annie Poon, Kristina P Callis-Duffin, Joseph J Catanese, Anne M Bowcock, Mark F Leppert, Pui-Yan Kwok, Gerald G Krueger, Ann B Begovich. (2010) Carriers of Rare Missense Variants in IFIH1 Are Protected from Psoriasis. Journal of Investigative Dermatology 130:12, 2768-2772
108
Gosia Trynka, Cisca Wijmenga, David A. van Heel. (2010) A genetic perspective on coeliac disease. Trends in Molecular Medicine 16:11, 537-550
109
Eduardo Arranz, José A. Garrote. (2010) Inmunología de la enfermedad celíaca. Gastroenterología y Hepatología 33:9, 643-651
110
A Hinks, P Martin, E Flynn, S Eyre, J Packham, A Barton, J Worthington, W Thomson. (2010) Association of the CCR5 gene with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Genes and Immunity 11:7, 584-589
111
Mario Habek, Vesna V Brinar, Fran Borovečki. (2010) Genes associated with multiple sclerosis: 15 and counting. Expert Review of Molecular Diagnostics 10:7, 857-861
112
Yi Ye, Kay L Mehers, Kathleen M Gillespie. Molecular Genetics of Type 1 Diabetes. In: Encyclopedia of Life Sciences. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2010.
113
Dimitry A. Chistiakov, Emma I. Chistiakova. (2010) T-cell protein tyrosine phosphatase: A role in inflammation and autoimmunity. International Journal of Diabetes Mellitus 2:2, 114-118
114
Marios Hadjivassiliou, Daniel Aeschlimann. (2010) Gluten sensitivity and the CNS: diagnosis and treatment – Authors' reply. The Lancet Neurology 9:7, 654-655
115
A. K. Maiti, X. Kim-Howard, P. Viswanathan, L. Guillen, X. Qian, A. Rojas-Villarraga, C. Sun, C. Canas, G. J. Tobon, K. Matsuda, N. Shen, A. C. Chernavsky, J.-M. Anaya, S. K. Nath. (2010) Non-synonymous variant (Gly307Ser) in CD226 is associated with susceptibility to multiple autoimmune diseases. Rheumatology 49:7, 1239-1244
116
Mehmet Keskin, Ozlem Keskin, Levent Temel, Alper Dai, Elif Güler, Yilmaz Kor, Yavuz Coskun. (2010) Screening Frequency of Celiac Disease and Autoimmune Thyroiditis in Children and Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus in Turkey and Comparison With Last Surveys. The Endocrinologist 20:4, 171-173
117
A. R. De León, J. P. De La Serna, J. L. Santiago, C. Sevilla, M. Fernández-arquero, E. G. De La Concha, C. Nuñez, E. Urcelay, A. G. Vigo. (2010) Association between idiopathic achalasia and IL23R gene. Neurogastroenterology & Motility 22:7, 734-e218
118
Stephan Persengiev, Bobby P.C. Koeleman, Kate Downes, Gustavo Valdigem, Arno R. van der Slik, Peter Eerligh, Alienke Monsuur, G. Jan Bruining, Cisca Wijmenga, John A. Todd, Bart O. Roep, Behrooz Z. Alizadeh. (2010) Association analysis of myosin IXB and type 1 diabetes. Human Immunology 71:6, 598-601
119
Jill A. Hollenbach, Susan D. Thompson, Teodorica L. Bugawan, Mary Ryan, Marc Sudman, Miranda Marion, Carl D. Langefeld, Glenys Thomson, Henry A. Erlich, David N. Glass. (2010) Juvenile idiopathic arthritis and HLA Class I and Class II interactions and age-at-onset effects. Arthritis & Rheumatism 62:6, 1781-1791
120
B A Johnson, J Wang, E M Taylor, S J Caillier, J Herbert, O A Khan, A H Cross, P L De Jager, P-A F Gourraud, B C A Cree, S L Hauser, J R Oksenberg. (2010) Multiple sclerosis susceptibility alleles in African Americans. Genes and Immunity 11:4, 343-350
121
Stephanie M. Stanford, Tomas M. Mustelin, Nunzio Bottini. (2010) Lymphoid tyrosine phosphatase and autoimmunity: human genetics rediscovers tyrosine phosphatases. Seminars in Immunopathology 32:2, 127-136
122
Wahiba Sakly, Amani Mankaï, Nabil Sakly, Yosra Thabet, Achouak Achour, Leila Ghedira-Besbes, Moncef Jeddi, Ibtissem Ghedira. (2010) Anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae Antibodies are Frequent in Type 1 Diabetes. Endocrine Pathology 21:2, 108-114
123
Robert Roberts, George A. Wells, Alexandre F. R. Stewart, Sonny Dandona, Li Chen. (2010) The Genome-Wide Association Study—A New Era for Common Polygenic Disorders. Journal of Cardiovascular Translational Research 3:3, 173-182
124
K. Wang, R. Baldassano, H. Zhang, H. Q. Qu, M. Imielinski, S. Kugathasan, V. Annese, M. Dubinsky, J. I. Rotter, R. K. Russell, J. P. Bradfield, P. M. A. Sleiman, J. T. Glessner, T. Walters, C. Hou, C. Kim, E. C. Frackelton, M. Garris, J. Doran, C. Romano, C. Catassi, J. Van Limbergen, S. L. Guthery, L. Denson, D. Piccoli, M. S. Silverberg, C. A. Stanley, D. Monos, D. C. Wilson, A. Griffiths, S. F. A. Grant, J. Satsangi, C. Polychronakos, H. Hakonarson. (2010) Comparative genetic analysis of inflammatory bowel disease and type 1 diabetes implicates multiple loci with opposite effects. Human Molecular Genetics 19:10, 2059-2067
125
Donna L Thibault Flesher, Xin Sun, Timothy W Behrens, Robert R Graham, Lindsey A Criswell. (2010) Recent advances in the genetics of systemic lupus erythematosus. Expert Review of Clinical Immunology 6:3, 461-479
126
A. R. Morgan, D. Y. Han, C. Huebner, W. J. Lam, A. G. Fraser, L. R. Ferguson. (2010) PTPN2 but not PTPN22 is associated with Crohn's disease in a New Zealand population. Tissue Antigens
127
Patrick C A Dubois, Gosia Trynka, Lude Franke, Karen A Hunt, Jihane Romanos, Alessandra Curtotti, Alexandra Zhernakova, Graham A R Heap, Róza Ádány, Arpo Aromaa, Maria Teresa Bardella, Leonard H van den Berg, Nicholas A Bockett, Emilio G de la Concha, Bárbara Dema, Rudolf S N Fehrmann, Miguel Fernández-Arquero, Szilvia Fiatal, Elvira Grandone, Peter M Green, Harry J M Groen, Rhian Gwilliam, Roderick H J Houwen, Sarah E Hunt, Katri Kaukinen, Dermot Kelleher, Ilma Korponay-Szabo, Kalle Kurppa, Padraic MacMathuna, Markku Mäki, Maria Cristina Mazzilli, Owen T McCann, M Luisa Mearin, Charles A Mein, Muddassar M Mirza, Vanisha Mistry, Barbara Mora, Katherine I Morley, Chris J Mulder, Joseph A Murray, Concepción Núñez, Elvira Oosterom, Roel A Ophoff, Isabel Polanco, Leena Peltonen, Mathieu Platteel, Anna Rybak, Veikko Salomaa, Joachim J Schweizer, Maria Pia Sperandeo, Greetje J Tack, Graham Turner, Jan H Veldink, Wieke H M Verbeek, Rinse K Weersma, Victorien M Wolters, Elena Urcelay, Bozena Cukrowska, Luigi Greco, Susan L Neuhausen, Ross McManus, Donatella Barisani, Panos Deloukas, Jeffrey C Barrett, Paivi Saavalainen, Cisca Wijmenga, David A van Heel. (2010) Multiple common variants for celiac disease influencing immune gene expression. Nature Genetics 42:4, 295-302
128
John A. Todd. (2010) Etiology of Type 1 Diabetes. Immunity 32:4, 457-467
129
Alberto Rubio-Tapia, Joseph A Murray. (2010) Celiac disease. Current Opinion in Gastroenterology 26:2, 116-122
130
Magdy A. Ghoneim, Abdulrahman L. Al-Malki. (2010) Evaluation of DNA Fragmentation in Leukocytes of Type I Diabetic Patients. Research Journal of Medical Sciences 4:3, 199-203
131
Francesca Lombardi, Adriana Franzese, Dario Iafusco, Antonio del Puente, Antonella Esposito, Francesco Prisco, Riccardo Troncone, Giuliana Valerio. (2010) Bone involvement in clusters of autoimmune diseases: Just a complication?. Bone 46:2, 551-555
132
Robert M. Plenge, Michael E. Weinblatt. Genomics in the Evaluation and Management of Rheumatoid Arthritis. In: Essentials of Genomic and Personalized Medicine. Elsevier, 2010:551-565.
133
J.A. Stockman. (2010) Shared and Distinct Genetic Variants in Type 1 Diabetes and Celiac Disease. Yearbook of Pediatrics 2010, 113-115
134
Shama Sud, Margaret Marcon, Esther Assor, MarkR Palmert, Denis Daneman, FaridH Mahmud. (2010) Celiac Disease and Pediatric Type 1 Diabetes: Diagnostic and Treatment Dilemmas. International Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology 2010:1, 161285
135
S S Amundsen, J Rundberg, S Adamovic, A H Gudjónsdóttir, H Ascher, J Ek, S Nilsson, B A Lie, Å T Naluai, L M Sollid. (2010) Four novel coeliac disease regions replicated in an association study of a Swedish–Norwegian family cohort. Genes and Immunity 11:1, 79-86
136
Gisela Orozco, Anne Barton. (2010) Update on the genetic risk factors for rheumatoid arthritis. Expert Review of Clinical Immunology 6:1, 61-75
137
Rita M. Cantor, Kenneth Lange, Janet S. Sinsheimer. (2010) Prioritizing GWAS Results: A Review of Statistical Methods and Recommendations for Their Application. The American Journal of Human Genetics 86:1, 6-22
138
Richard J. Farrell, Ciarán P. Kelly. Celiac Disease and Refractory Celiac Disease. In: Sleisenger and Fordtran's Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease. Elsevier, 2010:1797-1820.e4.
139
Soumya Raychaudhuri, Brian P Thomson, Elaine F Remmers, Stephen Eyre, Anne Hinks, Candace Guiducci, Joseph J Catanese, Gang Xie, Eli A Stahl, Robert Chen, Lars Alfredsson, Christopher I Amos, Kristin G Ardlie, Anne Barton, John Bowes, Noel P Burtt, Monica Chang, Jonathan Coblyn, Karen H Costenbader, Lindsey A Criswell, J Bart A Crusius, Jing Cui, Phillip L De Jager, Bo Ding, Paul Emery, Edward Flynn, Pille Harrison, Lynne J Hocking, Tom W J Huizinga, Daniel L Kastner, Xiayi Ke, Fina A S Kurreeman, Annette T Lee, Xiangdong Liu, Yonghong Li, Paul Martin, Ann W Morgan, Leonid Padyukov, David M Reid, Mark Seielstad, Michael F Seldin, Nancy A Shadick, Sophia Steer, Paul P Tak, Wendy Thomson, Annette H M van der Helm-van Mil, Irene E van der Horst-Bruinsma, Michael E Weinblatt, Anthony G Wilson, Gert Jan Wolbink, Paul Wordsworth, David Altshuler, Elizabeth W Karlson, Rene E M Toes, Niek de Vries, Ann B Begovich, Katherine A Siminovitch, Jane Worthington, Lars Klareskog, Peter K Gregersen, Mark J Daly, Robert M Plenge. (2009) Genetic variants at CD28, PRDM1 and CD2/CD58 are associated with rheumatoid arthritis risk. Nature Genetics 41:12, 1313-1318
140
Alexander Chervonsky. (2009) Innate receptors and microbes in induction of autoimmunity. Current Opinion in Immunology 21:6, 641-647
141
Graham A. Heap, David A. van Heel. (2009) Genetics and pathogenesis of coeliac disease. Seminars in Immunology 21:6, 346-354
142
Miren Vicuña Arregui, Juan Pablo Martínez de Esteban, Lluís Forga Llenas, José Manuel Zozaya Urmeneta. (2009) Diabetes mellitus tipo 1 y enfermedad celíaca: secretos de familia. Endocrinología y Nutrición 56:10, 437-440
143
J D Cooper, N M Walker, B C Healy, D J Smyth, K Downes, J A Todd. (2009) Analysis of 55 autoimmune disease and type II diabetes loci: further confirmation of chromosomes 4q27, 12q13.2 and 12q24.13 as type I diabetes loci, and support for a new locus, 12q13.3–q14.1. Genes and Immunity 10, S95-S120
144
Jinguo Wang, Linda S. Wicker, Pere Santamaria. (2009) IL-2 and its high-affinity receptor: Genetic control of immunoregulation and autoimmunity. Seminars in Immunology 21:6, 363-371
145
Bana Jabri, Ludvig M. Sollid. (2009) Tissue-mediated control of immunopathology in coeliac disease. Nature Reviews Immunology 9:12, 858-870
146
J M M Howson, N M Walker, D J Smyth, J A Todd. (2009) Analysis of 19 genes for association with type I diabetes in the Type I Diabetes Genetics Consortium families. Genes and Immunity 10, S74-S84
147
Hyeseon Cho, John Kehrl. (2009) Rgs1. AfCS-Nature Molecule Pages
148
Jieruo Gu, Yu-Ling Wei, James C. C. Wei, Feng Huang, Ming-Shiou Jan, Michael Centola, Mark B. Frank, David Yu. (2009) Identification of RGS1 as a candidate biomarker for undifferentiated spondylarthritis by genome-wide expression profiling and real-time polymerase chain reaction. Arthritis & Rheumatism 60:11, 3269-3279
149
Bárbara Dema, Miguel Fernández-Arquero, Carlos Maluenda, Isabel Polanco, M. Ángeles Figueredo, Emilio G. de la Concha, Elena Urcelay, Concepción Núñez. (2009) Lack of association of NKX2-3, IRGM, and ATG16L1 inflammatory bowel disease susceptibility variants with celiac disease. Human Immunology 70:11, 946-949
150
Santhi K Ganesh, Neil A Zakai, Frank J A van Rooij, Nicole Soranzo, Albert V Smith, Michael A Nalls, Ming-Huei Chen, Anna Kottgen, Nicole L Glazer, Abbas Dehghan, Brigitte Kuhnel, Thor Aspelund, Qiong Yang, Toshiko Tanaka, Andrew Jaffe, Joshua C M Bis, Germaine C Verwoert, Alexander Teumer, Caroline S Fox, Jack M Guralnik, Georg B Ehret, Kenneth Rice, Janine F Felix, Augusto Rendon, Gudny Eiriksdottir, Daniel Levy, Kushang V Patel, Eric Boerwinkle, Jerome I Rotter, Albert Hofman, Jennifer G Sambrook, Dena G Hernandez, Gang Zheng, Stefania Bandinelli, Andrew B Singleton, Josef Coresh, Thomas Lumley, André G Uitterlinden, Janine M vanGils, Lenore J Launer, L Adrienne Cupples, Ben A Oostra, Jaap-Jan Zwaginga, Willem H Ouwehand, Swee-Lay Thein, Christa Meisinger, Panos Deloukas, Matthias Nauck, Tim D Spector, Christian Gieger, Vilmundur Gudnason, Cornelia M van Duijn, Bruce M Psaty, Luigi Ferrucci, Aravinda Chakravarti, Andreas Greinacher, Christopher J O'Donnell, Jacqueline C M Witteman, Susan Furth, Mary Cushman, Tamara B Harris, Jing-Ping Lin. (2009) Multiple loci influence erythrocyte phenotypes in the CHARGE Consortium. Nature Genetics 41:11, 1191-1198
151
Vesela Gateva, Johanna K Sandling, Geoff Hom, Kimberly E Taylor, Sharon A Chung, Xin Sun, Ward Ortmann, Roman Kosoy, Ricardo C Ferreira, Gunnel Nordmark, Iva Gunnarsson, Elisabet Svenungsson, Leonid Padyukov, Gunnar Sturfelt, Andreas Jönsen, Anders A Bengtsson, Solbritt Rantapää-Dahlqvist, Emily C Baechler, Elizabeth E Brown, Graciela S Alarcón, Jeffrey C Edberg, Rosalind Ramsey-Goldman, Gerald McGwin, John D Reveille, Luis M Vilá, Robert P Kimberly, Susan Manzi, Michelle A Petri, Annette Lee, Peter K Gregersen, Michael F Seldin, Lars Rönnblom, Lindsey A Criswell, Ann-Christine Syvänen, Timothy W Behrens, Robert R Graham. (2009) A large-scale replication study identifies TNIP1, PRDM1, JAZF1, UHRF1BP1 and IL10 as risk loci for systemic lupus erythematosus. Nature Genetics 41:11, 1228-1233
152
M. J. H. Coenen, G. Trynka, S. Heskamp, B. Franke, C. C. van Diemen, J. Smolonska, M. van Leeuwen, E. Brouwer, M. H. Boezen, D. S. Postma, M. Platteel, P. Zanen, J.-W. W. J. Lammers, H. J. M. Groen, W. P. T. M. Mali, C. J. Mulder, G. J. Tack, W. H. M. Verbeek, V. M. Wolters, R. H. J. Houwen, M. L. Mearin, D. A. van Heel, T. R. D. J. Radstake, P. L. C. M. van Riel, C. Wijmenga, P. Barrera, A. Zhernakova. (2009) Common and different genetic background for rheumatoid arthritis and coeliac disease. Human Molecular Genetics 18:21, 4195-4203
153
Anne Barton, Jane Worthington. (2009) Genetic susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis: An emerging picture. Arthritis & Rheumatism 61:10, 1441-1446
154
Sarah F Field, Joanna M M Howson, Lisa M Maier, Susan Walker, Neil M Walker, Deborah J Smyth, John A L Armour, David G Clayton, John A Todd. (2009) Experimental aspects of copy number variant assays at CCL3L1. Nature Medicine 15:10, 1115-1117
155
Robert M. Plenge. (2009) Rheumatoid arthritis genetics: 2009 update. Current Rheumatology Reports 11:5, 351-356
156
Laura Espino-Paisán, Elena Urcelay, Jose Luis Santiago. (2009) An insight into the genetics of type 1 Diabetes. Inmunología 28:4, 173-181
157
Milena Gould, Joseph H. Sellin. (2009) Diabetic diarrhea. Current Gastroenterology Reports 11:5, 354-359
158
Shadi Rashtak, Eric V Marietta, Joseph A Murray. (2009) Celiac sprue: a unique autoimmune disorder. Expert Review of Clinical Immunology 5:5, 593-604
159
Tom W. J. Huizinga, Gerdur Gröndal. (2009) Shared symptoms in rheumatic diseases: A blessing or a curse?. Arthritis & Rheumatism 60:9, 2547-2549
160
Calliope A Dendrou, Vincent Plagnol, Erik Fung, Jennie H M Yang, Kate Downes, Jason D Cooper, Sarah Nutland, Gillian Coleman, Matthew Himsworth, Matthew Hardy, Oliver Burren, Barry Healy, Neil M Walker, Kerstin Koch, Willem H Ouwehand, John R Bradley, Nicholas J Wareham, John A Todd, Linda S Wicker. (2009) Cell-specific protein phenotypes for the autoimmune locus IL2RA using a genotype-selectable human bioresource. Nature Genetics 41:9, 1011-1015
161
Jihane Romanos, Cleo C. van Diemen, Ilja M. Nolte, Gosia Trynka, Alexandra Zhernakova, Jingyuan Fu, Maria Teresa Bardella, Donatella Barisani, Ross McManus, David A. van Heel, Cisca Wijmenga. (2009) Analysis of HLA and Non-HLA Alleles Can Identify Individuals at High Risk for Celiac Disease. Gastroenterology 137:3, 834-840.e3
162
G. Malamut, B. Meresse, C. Cellier, N. Cerf-Bensussan. (2009) La maladie cœliaque en 2009 : un futur sans régime ?. Gastroentérologie Clinique et Biologique 33:8-9, 635-647
163
A. Barton, S. Eyre, X. Ke, A. Hinks, J. Bowes, E. Flynn, P. Martin, , , A. G. Wilson, A. W. Morgan, P. Emery, S. Steer, L. J. Hocking, D. M. Reid, P. Harrison, P. Wordsworth, W. Thomson, J. Worthington. (2009) Identification of AF4/FMR2 family, member 3 (AFF3) as a novel rheumatoid arthritis susceptibility locus and confirmation of two further pan-autoimmune susceptibility genes. Human Molecular Genetics 18:13, 2518-2522
164
I. Nion-Larmurier, J. Cosnes. (2009) Maladie cœliaque. Gastroentérologie Clinique et Biologique 33:6-7, 508-517
165
Daniel Levy, Georg B Ehret, Kenneth Rice, Germaine C Verwoert, Lenore J Launer, Abbas Dehghan, Nicole L Glazer, Alanna C Morrison, Andrew D Johnson, Thor Aspelund, Yurii Aulchenko, Thomas Lumley, Anna Köttgen, Ramachandran S Vasan, Fernando Rivadeneira, Gudny Eiriksdottir, Xiuqing Guo, Dan E Arking, Gary F Mitchell, Francesco U S Mattace-Raso, Albert V Smith, Kent Taylor, Robert B Scharpf, Shih-Jen Hwang, Eric J G Sijbrands, Joshua Bis, Tamara B Harris, Santhi K Ganesh, Christopher J O'Donnell, Albert Hofman, Jerome I Rotter, Josef Coresh, Emelia J Benjamin, André G Uitterlinden, Gerardo Heiss, Caroline S Fox, Jacqueline C M Witteman, Eric Boerwinkle, Thomas J Wang, Vilmundur Gudnason, Martin G Larson, Aravinda Chakravarti, Bruce M Psaty, Cornelia M van Duijn. (2009) Genome-wide association study of blood pressure and hypertension. Nature Genetics 41:6, 677-687
166
Jeffrey C Barrett, David G Clayton, Patrick Concannon, Beena Akolkar, Jason D Cooper, Henry A Erlich, Cécile Julier, Grant Morahan, Jørn Nerup, Concepcion Nierras, Vincent Plagnol, Flemming Pociot, Helen Schuilenburg, Deborah J Smyth, Helen Stevens, John A Todd, Neil M Walker, Stephen S Rich. (2009) Genome-wide association study and meta-analysis find that over 40 loci affect risk of type 1 diabetes. Nature Genetics 41:6, 703-707
167
Robert M Plenge. (2009) Recent progress in rheumatoid arthritis genetics: one step towards improved patient care. Current Opinion in Rheumatology 21:3, 262-271
168
Lisa M. Maier, David A. Hafler. (2009) Autoimmunity risk alleles in costimulation pathways. Immunological Reviews 229:1, 322-336
169
G. A. Heap, D. A. van Heel. (2009) The genetics of chronic inflammatory diseases. Human Molecular Genetics 18:R1, R101-R106
170
C. O. Jacob, J. Zhu, D. L. Armstrong, M. Yan, J. Han, X. J. Zhou, J. A. Thomas, A. Reiff, B. L. Myones, J. O. Ojwang, K. M. Kaufman, M. Klein-Gitelman, D. McCurdy, L. Wagner-Weiner, E. Silverman, J. Ziegler, J. A. Kelly, J. T. Merrill, J. B. Harley, R. Ramsey-Goldman, L. M. Vila, S.-C. Bae, T. J. Vyse, G. S. Gilkeson, P. M. Gaffney, K. L. Moser, C. D. Langefeld, R. Zidovetzki, C. Mohan. (2009) Identification of IRAK1 as a risk gene with critical role in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 106:15, 6256-6261
171
Leonidas H. Duntas. (2009) Autoimmunity: Does celiac disease trigger autoimmune thyroiditis?. Nature Reviews Endocrinology 5:4, 190-191
172
E Y M G Fung, D J Smyth, J M M Howson, J D Cooper, N M Walker, H Stevens, L S Wicker, J A Todd. (2009) Analysis of 17 autoimmune disease-associated variants in type 1 diabetes identifies 6q23/TNFAIP3 as a susceptibility locus. Genes and Immunity 10:2, 188-191
173
Marcia L. Budarf, Catherine Labbé, Geneviève David, John D. Rioux. (2009) GWA studies: rewriting the story of IBD. Trends in Genetics 25:3, 137-146
174
Gordon Parker. (2009) Blood brothers or just neighbours: modelling the functional psychoses. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 43:5, 486-489
175
Myung-Shik Lee, Kyoung-Ah Kim. (2009) Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. Journal of the Korean Medical Association 52:7, 677
176
Plenge , Robert M. , . (2008) Shared Genetic Risk Factors for Type 1 Diabetes and Celiac Disease. New England Journal of Medicine 359:26, 2837-2838
Full Text
