Original Article
Atypical Antipsychotic Drugs and the Risk of Sudden Cardiac Death
N Engl J Med 2009; 360:225-235January 15, 2009DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa0806994
- Abstract
Background
Users of typical antipsychotic drugs have an increased risk of serious ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. However, less is known regarding the cardiac safety of the atypical antipsychotic drugs, which have largely replaced the older agents in clinical practice.
Methods
We calculated the adjusted incidence of sudden cardiac death among current users of antipsychotic drugs in a retrospective cohort study of Medicaid enrollees in Tennessee. The primary analysis included 44,218 and 46,089 baseline users of single typical and atypical drugs, respectively, and 186,600 matched nonusers of antipsychotic drugs. To assess residual confounding related to factors associated with the use of antipsychotic drugs, we performed a secondary analysis of users of antipsychotic drugs who had no baseline diagnosis of schizophrenia or related psychoses and with whom nonusers were matched according to propensity score (i.e., the predicted probability that they would be users of antipsychotic drugs).
Results
Current users of typical and of atypical antipsychotic drugs had higher rates of sudden cardiac death than did nonusers of antipsychotic drugs, with adjusted incidence-rate ratios of 1.99 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.68 to 2.34) and 2.26 (95% CI, 1.88 to 2.72), respectively. The incidence-rate ratio for users of atypical antipsychotic drugs as compared with users of typical antipsychotic drugs was 1.14 (95% CI, 0.93 to 1.39). Former users of antipsychotic drugs had no significantly increased risk (incidence-rate ratio, 1.13; 95% CI, 0.98 to 1.30). For both classes of drugs, the risk for current users increased significantly with an increasing dose. Among users of typical antipsychotic drugs, the incidence-rate ratios increased from 1.31 (95% CI, 0.97 to 1.77) for those taking low doses to 2.42 (95% CI, 1.91 to 3.06) for those taking high doses (P<0.001). Among users of atypical agents, the incidence-rate ratios increased from 1.59 (95% CI, 1 .03 to 2.46) for those taking low doses to 2.86 (95% CI, 2.25 to 3.65) for those taking high doses (P=0.01). The findings were similar in the cohort that was matched for propensity score.
Conclusions
Current users of typical and of atypical antipsychotic drugs had a similar, dose-related increased risk of sudden cardiac death.
Media in This Article
Figure 1
Adjusted Incidence-Rate Ratios for Sudden Cardiac Death among Current Users of Antipsychotic Drugs, According to Type of Drug and Dose.Figure 2
Adjusted Incidence-Rate Ratios for Sudden Cardiac Death among Current Users of Six Frequently Prescribed Antipsychotic Drugs, According to Dose.Article Activity
- Article
There are extensive data linking the typical antipsychotic drugs to an increased risk of sudden cardiac death. These medications block repolarizing potassium currents in vitro1,2 and prolong the QT interval, 1,3,4 one important causal mechanism for the ventricular tachyarrhythmias that often lead to sudden cardiac death.5 There are numerous case reports of torsades de pointes and sudden death in conjunction with the use of the typical antipsychotic drugs.6,7 Controlled epidemiologic studies have shown a dose-related increased risk of sudden cardiac death associated with the use of these medications.8-11 Indeed, thioridazine, once one of the most frequently prescribed antipsychotic drugs, now carries a black-box warning of an increased risk of cardiac arrhythmias and sudden death.12
Less is known about the cardiac safety of the atypical antipsychotic drugs, which have largely replaced the older agents in clinical practice. Several atypical antipsychotic drugs block repolarizing potassium currents2 and prolong ventricular repolarization,1,13 and the electrophysiological effects of some of these drugs are similar to those of the older agents. However, although torsades de pointes has been reported in persons using atypical antipsychotic drugs,14-16 whether these drugs increase the risk of sudden cardiac death to the same extent as the older medications is unknown. We therefore conducted a large retrospective cohort study that was designed to compare the risk of sudden cardiac death associated with the use of the two classes of antipsychotic drugs.
Methods
Primary Cohort
We obtained the study data from computerized files of Tennessee Medicaid, which have been used extensively for pharmacoepidemiologic research.17,18 Each person-day of Medicaid enrollment from January 1, 1990, through December 31, 2005 (the study period), was evaluated to determine whether it qualified for inclusion in the analysis. The cohort was restricted to persons 30 to 74 years of age, because among persons younger than 30, sudden cardiac death is very rare and may have a different cause,19 and among persons older than 74, we found death certificates to be less reliable for identifying sudden cardiac deaths. Inclusion in the cohort required the person to have been enrolled in Tennessee Medicaid for at least 730 days (gaps of <7 days were allowed) and to have been eligible for full pharmacy benefits and made regular use of medical care (defined as having had at least one filled prescription and one outpatient visit in each of the 2 preceding years). Patients at high risk for death from noncardiac causes were excluded from the cohort (see Appendix 1 in the Supplementary Appendix, available with the full text of this article at NEJM.org).
The cohort included every eligible Medicaid enrollee with at least 1 qualifying day of use of antipsychotic drugs during the study period. The first day of follow-up was defined as the first qualifying day. The cohort also included two controls for each user of antipsychotic drugs, matched for age, sex, and first day of follow-up, who were randomly selected from qualifying nonusers of antipsychotic drugs on the first day of follow-up.
Follow-up extended from the first qualifying day until the end of the study period, the death of the person, the termination of Medicaid enrollment, or the date on which eligibility criteria for inclusion in the cohort were no longer met. Controls could become users of antipsychotic drugs, and patients who left the cohort could reenter it. The follow-up time did not include time during hospitalization and the 30 days after discharge from the hospital because in-hospital deaths were not considered to be study end points and Medicaid files do not include drugs dispensed in the hospital.
The Vanderbilt Committee for the Protection of Human Subjects approved the study and waived the requirement for informed consent. Tennessee's Bureau of TennCare and Department of Health also approved the study. The study was funded by grants from federal agencies, which had no role in study conduct or reporting.
Cohort Matched for Propensity Score
To assess residual confounding by factors associated with the use of antipsychotic drugs, we performed a secondary analysis, using propensity scores20 (i.e., the predicted probability that a person would be a user of antipsychotic drugs) to identify a nonuser control group with a similar psychiatric-illness profile. This matched cohort excluded users of antipsychotic drugs who had a diagnosis of schizophrenia or related psychosis in the 730 days before the first day of follow-up, since treatment with antipsychotic drugs is the standard of care for these conditions. Thus, this group of qualifying users of antipsychotic drugs primarily had mood disorders (a growing reason for the use of antipsychotic drugs), for which there are alternative medications. For each qualifying user, up to two controls were adaptively matched for propensity score (i.e., controls were selected so as to reduce differences in running mean propensity scores) (Appendix 1 in the Supplementary Appendix), within strata defined by the first day of follow-up, birth year, sex, and a marker of severe psychiatric illness (previous hospitalization for psychiatric cause, diagnosis of bipolar disorder, or lithium therapy).
Exposure to Antipsychotic Drugs and Other Medications
Antipsychotic drugs and other study medications were identified from Medicaid pharmacy files. Data in the files included the date the prescription was dispensed, the drug, the quantity, the dose, and the number of days of supply (edited to resolve infrequent discrepancies with quantity). Computerized pharmacy records are an excellent source of medication data because they are not subject to information bias17 and have high concordance with medication use as reported by patients.21-23 The residual misclassification should be limited, and any bias is likely to be in favor of the null hypothesis.17
Each person-day of study follow-up was classified according to the probable use of antipsychotic drugs. Current use included the interval between the time the person filled the prescription and the end of the days of supply (up to a 7-day carryover from previous prescriptions), when the person was most likely to be taking the drug. Indeterminate use included the period up to 90 days after the last current use, and former use included any subsequent person-time that was not classified as current or indeterminate use. Nonuse referred to person-days with no prescribed use of antipsychotic drugs on those days or at any time in the past. Current use was further classified according to the doses of the drugs, which were expressed as approximate equivalents of 100 mg of chlorpromazine (Appendix 1 in the Supplementary Appendix)24,25 and then categorized as low-dose (<100 mg), moderate-dose (100 to 299 mg), or high-dose (≥300 mg). The individual drugs that were analyzed were thioridazine and haloperidol, the most frequently prescribed typical agents, as well as atypical antipsychotic drugs with 3000 person-years or more of current use in the primary cohort (for which ≥5 cases of sudden death were expected under the null hypothesis): clozapine, quetiapine, olanzapine, and risperidone.
Study End Point
The study end point was sudden cardiac death occurring in the community.26-28 Sudden cardiac death was defined as a sudden pulseless condition that was fatal, that was consistent with a ventricular tachyarrhythmia, and that occurred in the absence of a known noncardiac condition as the proximate cause of the death.27 The end point excluded deaths of patients who had been admitted to the hospital, deaths that were not sudden, and deaths for which there was evidence of an extrinsic cause (e.g., drug overdose), a noncardiac cause (e.g., pneumonia), or a cardiac cause that was not consistent with a ventricular tachyarrhythmia (e.g., heart failure).
End points were identified from computerized death certificates linked with computerized Medicaid records. The case definition was developed from and validated by our previous study,8,29,30 in which medical records were reviewed for deaths that occurred between 1988 and 1993. Qualifying deaths occurred outside the hospital or other institution and had an underlying cause of death that our previous study had determined to be compatible with sudden cardiac death (Appendix 1 in the Supplementary Appendix). These deaths were further restricted to those for which there was no evidence of care in the emergency department on the day of death that was inconsistent with care for sudden cardiac death. In our previous study,8 we reviewed medical records for 616 of such qualifying deaths that occurred in the present cohort. Of these deaths, 530 (86.0%) were confirmed cases of sudden cardiac death (unpublished data). As long as the accuracy of the definition of sudden cardiac death did not vary according to the use of antipsychotic drugs, the residual misclassification should bias the results toward the null hypothesis.31
Statistical Analysis
The relative risk of sudden cardiac death according to current use, former use, or nonuse of antipsychotic drugs, adjusted for dose (Appendix 1 in the Supplementary Appendix), was estimated with the incidence-rate ratio, as calculated from Poisson regression models. The models (Appendix 1 in the Supplementary Appendix) included demographic characteristics and variables reflecting coexisting conditions at baseline and subsequent changes during follow-up. Baseline coexisting conditions included cardiovascular and other somatic disease as well as psychiatric and neurologic illness.
We calculated a summary cardiovascular risk score from the large number of baseline cardiovascular and somatic variables. The variables included prescribed medications and recorded diagnoses, as well as utilization of medical care and a measure of compliance with drugs (Appendix 1 in the Supplementary Appendix) for long-term use. The summary risk score was defined for the entire cohort as the predicted probability of sudden death, conditional on no exposure to antipsychotic drugs (estimated with Poisson regression analysis among nonusers of antipsychotic drugs), and then expressed as 20 equal parts. This technique permits more parsimonious models when there are numerous covariates and facilitates description of baseline cardiovascular risk.32
We performed several supplementary analyses to test key assumptions. These included an analysis that permitted only one cohort entry per person, as well as analyses in which additional baseline and time-dependent variables were included in the model (Appendix 1 in the Supplementary Appendix). The findings were essentially identical to those reported here.
All analyses were performed with the use of SAS software, version 9.0 (SAS Institute). All reported P values are two-sided.
Results
Characteristics of the Study Cohorts
The primary cohort included 93,300 users of antipsychotic drugs and 186,600 matched controls. There were 44,218 and 46,089 users of single typical and atypical antipsychotic drugs, respectively, at cohort entry. The cohort that was matched for propensity score included 67,824 users of antipsychotic drugs and 116,069 nonusers.
In the primary cohort, users and nonusers of antipsychotic drugs had similar baseline demographic characteristics (Table 1Table 1
Baseline Characteristics of Cohort Members, According to Use or Nonuse of Antipsychotic Drugs at Cohort Entry.). The mean age was 45.7 years; 65.2% of the cohort members were women, 70.5% were white, and 56.9% were urban residents. Users of antipsychotic drugs were more likely than nonusers to be enrolled in Medicaid because of disability (62.9% vs. 37.4%), but they had a slightly lower mean baseline cardiovascular risk score (9.2 vs. 9.6 on a scale of 0 to 19, with higher scores indicating increased risk). As expected, users of antipsychotic drugs had a higher prevalence of coexisting psychiatric conditions at baseline than did nonusers; however, there was a substantial prevalence of coexisting conditions, particularly affective disorders, among nonusers as well. In the cohort matched for propensity score, users and nonusers of antipsychotic drugs had identical mean propensity scores and similar baseline rates of coexisting psychiatric conditions.As compared with users of typical antipsychotic drugs, users of atypical antipsychotic drugs were slightly younger, were less likely to be enrolled in Medicaid because of disability, and had a higher baseline cardiovascular risk score (Appendix 2 in the Supplementary Appendix). They also used higher doses of antipsychotic drugs, in part owing to the preponderance of low-dose use for the typical drug thioridazine (53.9% of thioridazine users took low doses). Users of atypical antipsychotic drugs also were less likely to have a diagnosis of schizophrenia than were users of typical antipsychotic drugs (13.5% vs. 27.1%), with the exception of users of clozapine (which is indicated for treatment-resistant psychosis24), of whom 89.1% had a diagnosis of schizophrenia. Users of atypical antipsychotic drugs were more likely to have diagnosed mood disorders than were users of typical drugs (bipolar disorder, 23.3% vs. 12.1%; other mood disorders, 60.2% vs. 36.3%).
Sudden Cardiac Death
During the 1,042,159 person-years of cohort follow-up, there were 1870 sudden cardiac deaths, or 17.9 per 10,000 person-years. The unadjusted rate increased from 4.7 deaths per 10,000 for persons 30 to 34 years of age at baseline to 47.6 per 10,000 for those 70 to 74 years of age and was more than twice as high for men as for women (27.1 vs. 12.9 per 10,000).
Current users of typical antipsychotic drugs had an adjusted rate of sudden cardiac death that was twice that for nonusers (incidence-rate ratio, 1.99; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.68 to 2.34) (Table 2Table 2
Adjusted Incidence-Rate Ratios for Sudden Cardiac Death, According to Use or Nonuse of Antipsychotic Drugs.). A similar increased risk was seen for current users of atypical antipsychotic drugs, who had a rate of sudden cardiac death that was more than twice that for nonusers (incidence-rate ratio, 2.26; 95% CI, 1.88 to 2.72) and that did not differ significantly from the rate for users of the typical agents (incidence-rate ratio for users of atypical as compared with users of typical antipsychotic drugs, 1.14; 95% CI, 0.93 to 1.39). The rates of sudden cardiac death for both current users of typical antipsychotic drugs and current users of atypical drugs were greater than those for former users (P<0.001). Former users did not have a significantly increased risk of sudden cardiac death as compared with nonusers (incidence-rate ratio, 1.13; 95% CI, 0.98 to 1.30). Users of each of the six frequently prescribed antipsychotic drugs had a significantly increased rate of sudden cardiac death (Table 2).The risk of sudden cardiac death increased with an increasing dose among current users of typical or atypical antipsychotic drugs (Figure 1Figure 1
Adjusted Incidence-Rate Ratios for Sudden Cardiac Death among Current Users of Antipsychotic Drugs, According to Type of Drug and Dose.). Among users of the typical agents, the incidence-rate ratios increased from 1.31 (95% CI, 0.97 to 1.77) for persons taking low doses to 2.42 (95% CI, 1.91 to 3.06) for those taking high doses (P<0.001 for dose–response relationship). Among users of the atypical drugs, the incidence-rate ratios increased from 1.59 (95% CI, 1.03 to 2.46) for persons taking low doses to 2.86 (95% CI, 2.25 to 3.65) for those taking high doses (P=0.01 for dose–response relationship). There was a dose–response trend for each of the six frequently prescribed drugs (Figure 2Figure 2Adjusted Incidence-Rate Ratios for Sudden Cardiac Death among Current Users of Six Frequently Prescribed Antipsychotic Drugs, According to Dose.), a trend that was significant in the case of thioridazine (P=0.005) and of borderline significance in the case of risperidone (P=0.05). Current users of thioridazine in high doses (≥300 mg) had the greatest increased risk (incidence-rate ratio, 5.05; 95% CI, 3.09 to 8.27).In the cohort matched for propensity score (Table 3Table 3
Adjusted Incidence-Rate Ratios for Sudden Cardiac Death in the Cohort Matched for Propensity Score, According to Use or Nonuse of Antipsychotic Drugs and According to Dose.), both current users of typical antipsychotic drugs and current users of atypical antipsychotic drugs had an increased risk of sudden cardiac death as compared with nonusers, with incidence-rate ratios of 1.84 (95% CI, 1.50 to 2.26) and 1.99 (95% CI, 1.61 to 2.46), respectively. There was a significant dose–response relationship for each class (P<0.001 and P<0.05, respectively). The incidence-rate ratio for users of atypical drugs as compared with users of typical antipsychotic drugs was 1.08 (95% CI, 0.82 to 1.43).We performed several additional analyses to test the robustness of the study findings. To assess the influence of the adverse metabolic effects of long-term use of antipsychotic drugs,12 we performed an analysis that was restricted to data from persons whose cumulative use of the drugs was less than 365 days' duration. The respective incidence-rate ratios for current users of the typical and atypical drugs as compared with nonusers were 1.73 (95% CI, 1.09 to 2.72; P=0.02) and 1.87 (95% CI, 1.29 to 2.73; P=0.001). To assess possible bias from inclusion of persons who used antipsychotic drugs before the beginning of follow-up, which could preferentially eliminate patients who might be susceptible to proarrhythmic effects,33 we analyzed data from cohort members who had not used antipsychotic drugs during the 2 years preceding the first day of follow-up. In this analysis, the respective incidence-rate ratios for current users of typical and atypical antipsychotic drugs as compared with nonusers were 1.74 (95% CI, 1.14 to 2.67; P=0.001) and 1.86 (95% CI, 1.35 to 2.57; P<0.001). To assess the effects of secular trends in the use of antipsychotic drugs and the incidence of sudden cardiac death, we performed an analysis that was restricted to data from 1998 through 2005; the respective incidence-rate ratios for current users of typical and atypical antipsychotic drugs as compared with nonusers were 1.78 (95% CI, 1.35 to 2.35; P<0.001) and 2.03 (95% CI, 1.65 to 2.50; P<0.001).
Discussion
The frequent occurrence of serious movement disorders in persons taking typical antipsychotic drugs limited the use of these drugs.24 Because atypical antipsychotic drugs are less likely to have this adverse effect, they have been considered a safer treatment alternative34 and have rapidly replaced the older drugs in clinical practice. Overall, the use of antipsychotic drugs has increased, with the number of outpatient visits related to the prescription of an antipsychotic drug nearly doubling between 1998 and 2002.34
Although a link between the use of typical antipsychotic drugs and both torsades de pointes and sudden cardiac death has been established,5,35 this risk was thought to be lower with the use of atypical drugs.36 However, the limited data available on the surrogate markers for torsades de pointes — inhibition of the potassium current IKr and prolongation of the QT interval — suggest that commonly used atypical drugs have electrophysiological effects that are similar to those of the typical antipsychotic drugs.1,13 There are now case reports that document the occurrence of torsades de pointes among users of several atypical antipsychotic drugs.14-16 Our data show that in a large retrospective cohort of adults, current users of the atypical antipsychotic drugs had a dose-dependent increase in the risk of sudden cardiac death that was essentially identical to that among users of the typical agents.
The primary limitation of our study is the potential for confounding by factors associated with the use of antipsychotic drugs. For persons with serious mental illness, these factors include cardiovascular and other somatic disease; concurrent use of other proarrhythmic medications; mood disorders; behavioral risk factors, including substance abuse, poor self-care, and smoking; and other effects of mental illness.12 However, both the study design and analysis included several provisions to manage confounding.
We controlled for an extensive set of cardiovascular disease variables. In the Medicaid population studied, users of antipsychotic drugs had a slightly lower baseline prevalence of diagnosed cardiovascular disease than did comparable nonusers, reflecting the fact that many nonusers qualified for Medicaid because of somatic illness. The requirement that cohort members have regular use of medical care, defined by at least one outpatient visit in each of the 2 years before baseline, should reduce the bias from underdiagnosis of cardiovascular disease in patients with mental illness. The analysis also controlled for concurrent use of other proarrhythmic medications, as well as for diagnosed or treated mood disorders.
With regard to behavioral risk factors, the cohort excluded persons with recorded diagnoses of substance abuse and those who did not have regular medical care. Although study data on smoking were limited, the analysis controlled for cardiovascular diseases caused by smoking,37 diseases that mediate much of the increased risk of sudden death. Furthermore, a sensitivity analysis (Appendix 1 in the Supplementary Appendix) suggested that residual confounding by smoking had at most a minor effect on estimates of relative risk. Although unmeasured behavioral factors may influence the study findings, the absence of a significantly increased risk of sudden death among former users of antipsychotic drugs and the marked dose–response relationship are evidence of a drug effect per se.
An analysis of the cohort that was matched for propensity score provided an additional check as to whether the study findings were due to confounding by factors associated with the use of antipsychotic drugs. This cohort excluded persons with a baseline diagnosis of schizophrenia or related psychoses, for whom such confounding is of greatest concern, and had a similar distribution of coexisting psychiatric conditions at baseline among users and nonusers of antipsychotic drugs. Findings were very similar to those for the primary cohort. However, some point estimates of relative risk were slightly lower; these differences, although not significant, underscore the fact that in this observational study residual confounding cannot be entirely ruled out.
Our study did not assess the mechanisms by which either class of antipsychotic drugs increased the risk of sudden cardiac death. Although antipsychotic drugs have long-term adverse cardiovascular effects,12 the risk of sudden death was elevated in an analysis that excluded long-term users, which suggests that acute drug effects are involved. We believe that the most plausible explanation is that antipsychotic drugs increase the risk of serious ventricular arrhythmias, probably through blockade of potassium channels and prolongation of cardiac repolarization. However, other mechanisms may be involved, including autonomic effects, inhibition of other ion channels, and other acute cardiotoxic effects, such as the myocarditis associated with the use of clozapine.38
In conclusion, current users of typical antipsychotic drugs and of atypical antipsychotic drugs in the study cohort had a similar dose-related increased risk of sudden cardiac death. This finding suggests that with regard to this adverse effect, the atypical antipsychotic drugs are no safer than the older drugs.
Supported by grants from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (HL081707) and the Agency for Healthcare Quality and Research Centers for Education and Research on Therapeutics (cooperative agreement, HS1-0384).
Dr. Ray reports receiving research support from Pfizer and consulting fees from plaintiffs' attorneys in litigation involving rofecoxib and zoledronic acid and from insurance companies regarding rofecoxib and hormone-replacement therapy; and Dr. Stein, consulting fees from insurance companies regarding antipsychotic drugs. No other potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.
We thank the staff of the Tennessee Bureau of TennCare and the Department of Health, who gave us access to the study data.
Source Information
From the Division of Pharmacoepidemiology, Department of Preventive Medicine (W.A.R., K.H.), the Divisions of Rheumatology (C.P.C., C.M.S.), Cardiology (K.T.M.), and Clinical Pharmacology (K.T.M., C.M.S.), Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine; and the Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Nashville Veterans Affairs Medical Center (W.A.R.) — both in Nashville.
Address reprint requests to Dr. Ray at the Department of Preventive Medicine, Village at Vanderbilt, Suite 2600, 1501 21st Ave. South, Nashville, TN 37212, or at cindy.naron@vanderbilt.edu.
- References
References
1
Haddad PM Anderson IM
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline2
Kongsamut S Kang J Chen XL Roehr J Rampe D
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline3
Thomas SH
Medline4
Reilly JG Ayis SA Ferrier IN Jones SJ Thomas HL
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline5
Roden DM
Full Text | Web of Science | Medline6
Liberatore MA Robinson DS
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline7
Darpo B
CrossRef | Web of Science8
Ray WA Meredith S Thapa PB Meador KG Hall K Murray KT
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline9
Straus SM Bleumink GS Dieleman JP
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline10
Reilly JG Ayis SA Ferrier IN Jones SJ Thomas SH
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline11
Hennessy S Bilker WB Knauss JS
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline12
Zarate CA Jr Patel J
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline13
Harrigan EP Miceli JJ Anziano R
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline14
Vieweg WV Schneider RK Wood MA
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline15
Tei Y Morita T Inoue S Miyata H
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline16
Heinrich TW Biblo LA Schneider J
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline17
Ray WA Griffin MR
Web of Science | Medline18
Ray WA
Full Text | Web of Science | Medline19
Liberthson RR
Full Text | Web of Science | Medline20
Glynn RJ Schneeweiss S Sturmer T
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline21
Landry JA Smyer MA Tubman JG Lago DJ Roberts J Simonson W
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline22
West SL Savitz DA Koch G Strom BL Guess HA Hartzema A
Web of Science | Medline23
Johnson RE Vollmer WM
Web of Science | Medline24
Drug evaluations annual 1995. Chicago: American Medical Association, 1995.
25
Woods SW
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline26
Marcus FI Cobb LA Edwards JE
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline27
Siscovick DS Raghunathan TE Psaty BM
Free Full Text | Web of Science | Medline28
Albert CM Hennekens CH O'Donnell CJ
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline29
Ray WA Meredith S Thapa PB Hall K Murray KT
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline30
Ray WA Murray KT Meredith S Narasimhulu SS Hall K Stein CM
Free Full Text | Web of Science | Medline31
Kleinbaum DG, Kupper LL, Morgenstern H. Epidemiologic research: principles and quantitative methods. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1982.
32
Arbogast PG Kaltenbach L Ding H Ray WA
CrossRef | Web of Science33
Ray WA
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline34
Aparasu RR Bhatara V Gupta S
CrossRef | Medline35
Flockhart DA Drici MD Kerbusch T
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline36
Glassman AH
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline37
Wilson PW D'Agostino RB Levy D Belanger AM Silbershatz H Kannel WB
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline38
Buckley NA Sanders P
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline
- Citing Articles (345)
Citing Articles
1
IngridBerling, Geoffrey K.Isbister. (2015) Prolonged QT Risk Assessment in Antipsychotic Overdose Using the QT Nomogram. Annals of Emergency Medicine 66, 154-164
CrossRef2
CHARLOTTEGLINGE, REZAJABBARI, BJARKERISGAARD, THOMAS HADBERGLYNGE, THOMASENGSTRØM, CHRISTINE M.ALBERT, STIGHAUNSØ, BO GREGERSWINKEL, JACOBTFELT-HANSEN. (2015) Symptoms Before Sudden Arrhythmic Death Syndrome: A Nationwide Study Among the Young in Denmark. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology 26:10.1111/jce.2015.26.issue-7, 761-767
CrossRef3
JenniferTjia, TerryField, KathleenMazor, Celeste A.Lemay, Abir O.Kanaan, Jennifer L.Donovan, Becky A.Briesacher, DanielPeterson, MichellePandolfi, AnnSpenard, Jerry H.Gurwitz. (2015) Dissemination of Evidence-Based Antipsychotic Prescribing Guidelines to Nursing Homes: A Cluster Randomized Trial. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 63:10.1111/jgs.2015.63.issue-7, 1289-1298
CrossRef4
Rocco A.Zoccali, AntonioBruno, Maria Rosaria AnnaMuscatello. (2015) Efficacy and Safety of Sertindole in Schizophrenia. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology 35, 286-295
CrossRef5
R.Bodén, E.Molin, T.Jernberg, H.Kieler, B.Lindahl, J.Sundström. (2015) Higher mortality after myocardial infarction in patients with severe mental illness: a nationwide cohort study. Journal of Internal Medicine 277:10.1111/joim.2015.277.issue-6, 727-736
CrossRef6
Thomas B.Cook, Gloria M.Reeves, JamesTeufel, Teodor T.Postolache. (2015) Persistence of racial disparities in prescription of first-generation antipsychotics in the USA. Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety, n/a-n/a
CrossRef7
TakashiTsuboi, TakefumiSuzuki, Robert R.Bies, GaryRemington, Bruce G.Pollock, MasaruMimura, HiroyukiUchida. (2015) Challenging the need for sustained blockade of dopamine D2 receptor estimated from antipsychotic plasma levels in the maintenance treatment of schizophrenia: A single-blind, randomized, controlled study. Schizophrenia Research 164, 149-154
CrossRef8
S.Moore, D.Shiers, B.Daly, A. J.Mitchell, F.Gaughran. (2015) Promoting physical health for people with schizophrenia by reducing disparities in medical and dental care. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, n/a-n/a
CrossRef9
TomiToukola, EevaHookana, JuhaniJunttila, KariKaikkonen, JaniTikkanen, JuhaPerkiömäki, Marja-LeenaKortelainen, Heikki V.Huikuri. (2015) Sudden cardiac death during physical exercise: Characteristics of victims and autopsy findings. Annals of Medicine, 1-6
CrossRef10
R.Brauer, L.Smeeth, K.Anaya-Izquierdo, A.Timmis, S. C.Denaxas, C. P.Farrington, H.Whitaker, H.Hemingway, I.Douglas. (2015) Antipsychotic drugs and risks of myocardial infarction: a self-controlled case series study. European Heart Journal 36, 984-992
CrossRef11
K. J.Ronaldson, P. B.Fitzgerald, J. J.McNeil. (2015) Clozapine-induced myocarditis, a widely overlooked adverse reaction. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, n/a-n/a
CrossRef12
Yu-TaoXiang, Helen F. K.Chiu, Gabor S.Ungvari, Christoph U.Correll, Kelly Y. C.Lai, Chuan-YueWang, Tian-MeiSi, Edwin H. M.Lee, Yan-LingHe, Shu-YuYang, Mian-YoonChong, Ee-HeokKua, SentaFujii, KangSim, Michael K. H.Yong, Jitendra K.Trivedi, Eun-KeeChung, PichetUdomratn, Kok-YoonChee, NormanSartorius, Chay-HoonTan, NaotakaShinfuku. (2015) QTc prolongation in schizophrenia patients in Asia: clinical correlates and trends between 2004 and 2008/2009. Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental 30:10.1002/hup.v30.2, 94-99
CrossRef13
Rajender R.Aparasu, SatabdiChatterjee, HuaChen. (2015) Antipsychotic Use and Risk of Nursing Home Admission Among Dual-Eligible Medicare Beneficiaries: A Propensity-Matched Study. Drugs - Real World Outcomes 2, 61-71
CrossRef14
SeiyaMiyamoto, David B.Merrill, L.Fredrik Jarskog, W.Wolfgang Fleishhacker, Stephen R.Marder, Jeffrey A.Lieberman. Antipsychotic Drugs. 2015:, 2088-2128.
CrossRef15
PraveenDayalu, Roger L.Albin. (2015) Huntington Disease. Neurologic Clinics 33, 101-114
CrossRef16
Kashif N.Abdullah, RadhakrishnaJanardhan, MarkHwang, Campbell D.Williams, MishelFarasatpour, Julie A.Margenthaler, Katherine S.Virgo, Frank E.Johnson. (2015) Adjuvant radiation therapy for breast cancer in patients with schizophrenia. The American Journal of Surgery 209, 378-384
CrossRef17
NaoyaMiura, TakeshiSaito, TakayukiTaira, RimakoUmebachi, SadakiInokuchi. (2015) Risk factors for QT prolongation associated with acute psychotropic drug overdose. The American Journal of Emergency Medicine 33, 142-149
CrossRef18
N.Wassef, N.Khan, S.Munir. (2015) Quetiapine-induced myocarditis presenting as acute STEMI. Case Reports 2015, bcr2014207151-bcr2014207151
CrossRef19
AndrewMcKean, ErikMonasterio. (2015) Indications of atypical antipsychotics in the elderly. Expert Review of Clinical Pharmacology 8, 5-7
CrossRef20
MythilySubramaniam, Amy SeeYuning, Janhavi AjitVaingankar, Siow AnnChong. Cardiovascular Toxicity as a Result of Psychotropic Drugs. 2015:, 275-303.
CrossRef21
SébastienChampion, VincentSpagnoli, Frédéric J.Baud. (2015) Why Did Poisoned Patients Eventually Die Long After Their ICU Stay?. Critical Care Medicine 43, e25-e26
CrossRef22
John R.Bowblis, Judith A.Lucas, Christopher S.Brunt. (2015) The Effects of Antipsychotic Quality Reporting on Antipsychotic and Psychoactive Medication Use. Health Services Research, n/a-n/a
CrossRef23
Ask SchouJensen, Cristian PabloPennisi, CristianSevcencu, Jørn BolstadChristensen, Jette ElisabethKristiansen, Johannes JanStruijk. (2015) Differential effects of thioridazine enantiomers on action potential duration in rabbit papillary muscle. European Journal of Pharmacology 747, 7-12
CrossRef24
PetruIfteni, EugeneGrudnikoff, JeremyKoppel, NeilKremen, Christoph U.Correll, John M.Kane, PeterManu. (2015) Haloperidol and sudden cardiac death in dementia: autopsy findings in psychiatric inpatients. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, n/a
CrossRef25
JimmiNielsen, JørgenMatz, AureliaMittoux, ChristofferPolcwiartek, Johannes J.Struijk, EgonToft, Jørgen K.Kanters, ClausGraff. (2015) Cardiac effects of sertindole and quetiapine: Analysis of ECGs from a randomized double-blind study in patients with schizophrenia. European Neuropsychopharmacology
CrossRef26
Kevin A.Ford, GregoryRyslik, JasleenSodhi, JasonHalladay, DoloDiaz, DonnaDambach, MelisaMasuda. (2015) Computational predictions of the site of metabolism of cytochrome P450 2D6 substrates: comparative analysis, molecular docking, bioactivation and toxicological implications. Drug Metabolism Reviews, 1
CrossRef27
Christoph U.Correll, JohanDetraux, JanDe Lepeleire, MarcDe Hert. (2015) Effects of antipsychotics, antidepressants and mood stabilizers on risk for physical diseases in people with schizophrenia, depression and bipolar disorder. World Psychiatry 14:2, 119
CrossRef28
Daniel L.Orr, Robert C.Bosack, JohnMeiszner. Anesthesia complications in the dental office. 2015:, 71.
CrossRef29
NitashaShetty, HandanGunduz-Bruce. Psychopharmacotherapy: Side Effects. 2015:, 462-469.
CrossRef30
Yong TaeKwak, YoungSoonYang, Hye-ryeonJang. (2015) Understanding of Antipsychotics in Elderly Patients with Dementia. Dementia and Neurocognitive Disorders 14, 53
CrossRef31
Ping-YiHou, Galen Chin-LunHung, Jia-RongJhong, Shang-YingTsai, Chiao-ChicyChen, Chian-JueKuo. (2015) Risk factors for sudden cardiac death among patients with schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Research
CrossRef32
JunWang, Yan-songLiu, Wen-xianZhu, Fu-quanZhang, Zhen-heZhou. (2014) Olanzapine-induced weight gain plays a key role in the potential cardiovascular risk: evidence from heart rate variability analysis. Scientific Reports 4, 7394
CrossRef33
ClaudioBilotta, CarlottaFranchi, AlessandroNobili, PaolaNicolini, Codjo DjignefaDjade, MauroTettamanti, LucaPasina, IdaFortino, AngelaBortolotti, LucaMerlino, CarloVergani. (2014) Electrocardiographic monitoring for new prescriptions of quetiapine co-prescribed with acetylcholinesterase inhibitors or memantine from 2005 to 2009. A population study on community-dwelling older people in Italy. European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 70, 1487-1494
CrossRef34
D.Yeomans, K.Dale, K.Beedle. (2014) Systematic computerised cardiovascular health screening for people with severe mental illness. Psychiatric Bulletin 38, 280-284
CrossRef35
MargheritaBrindisi, StefaniaButini, SilviaFranceschini, SimoneBrogi, FrancescoTrotta, SinduRos, AlfredoCagnotto, MarioSalmona, AliceCasagni, MarcoAndreassi, SimonaSaponara, BeatriceGorelli, PiaWeikop, Jens D.Mikkelsen, JorgenScheel-Kruger, KarinSandager-Nielsen, EttoreNovellino, GiuseppeCampiani, SandraGemma. (2014) Targeting Dopamine D 3 and Serotonin 5-HT 1A and 5-HT 2A Receptors for Developing Effective Antipsychotics: Synthesis, Biological Characterization, and Behavioral Studies. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 57, 9578-9597
CrossRef36
M.Torniainen, E.Mittendorfer-Rutz, A.Tanskanen, C.Bjorkenstam, J.Suvisaari, K.Alexanderson, J.Tiihonen. (2014) Antipsychotic Treatment and Mortality in Schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Bulletin
CrossRef37
ChiekoIshiguro, XiWang, LinLi, SusanJick. (2014) Antipsychotic drugs and risk of idiopathic venous thromboembolism: a nested case-control study using the CPRD. Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety 23:10.1002/pds.v23.11, 1168-1175
CrossRef38
GiuseppeCarrà, FrancescoBartoli, DanieleCarretta, CristinaCrocamo, AlbertoBozzetti, MassimoClerici, Paul E.Bebbington. (2014) The prevalence of metabolic syndrome in people with severe mental illness: a mediation analysis. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology 49, 1739-1746
CrossRef39
Mohamed AbdelkaderAboamer, Ahmad TaherAzar, KhaledWahba, Abdallah S. A.Mohamed. (2014) Linear model-based estimation of blood pressure and cardiac output for Normal and Paranoid cases. Neural Computing and Applications 25, 1223-1240
CrossRef40
MarthaRoden, B.Simmons. (2014) Delirium Superimposed on Dementia and Mild Cognitive Impairment. Postgraduate Medicine 126, 129-137
CrossRef41
YSuzuki, NTsuneyama, NFukui, TSugai, JWatanabe, SOno, MSaito, YInoue, TSomeya. (2014) Effect of risperidone metabolism and P-glycoprotein gene polymorphism on QT interval in patients with schizophrenia. The Pharmacogenomics Journal 14, 452-456
CrossRef42
BjörnPasternak, HenrikSvanström, Mattis F.Ranthe, MadsMelbye, AndersHviid. (2014) Atypical Antipsychotics Olanzapine, Quetiapine, and Risperidone and Risk of Acute Major Cardiovascular Events in Young and Middle-Aged Adults: A Nationwide Register-Based Cohort Study in Denmark. CNS Drugs 28, 963-973
CrossRef43
PWeeke, AJensen, FFolke, G HGislason, J BOlesen, E LFosbøl, MWissenberg, F KLippert, E FChristensen, S LNielsen, EHolm, J KKanters, H EPoulsen, LKøber, CTorp-Pedersen. (2014) Antipsychotics and Associated Risk of Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics 96, 490-497
CrossRef44
Petter AndreasRingen, John A.Engh, Astrid B.Birkenaes, IngridDieset, Ole A.Andreassen. (2014) Increased Mortality in Schizophrenia Due to Cardiovascular Disease – A Non-Systematic Review of Epidemiology, Possible Causes, and Interventions. Frontiers in Psychiatry 5
CrossRef45
Joanne Y.T.Leung, Catherine C.Y.Pang, Ric M.Procyshyn, Alasdair M.Barr. (2014) Cardiovascular effects of acute treatment with the antipsychotic drug olanzapine in rats. Vascular Pharmacology 62, 143-149
CrossRef46
L. RenataThronson, Genevieve L.Pagalilauan. (2014) Psychopharmacology. Medical Clinics of North America 98, 927-958
CrossRef47
CristinaSempio, LucaMorini, ClaudiaVignali, AngeloGroppi. (2014) Simple and sensitive screening and quantitative determination of 88 psychoactive drugs and their metabolites in blood through LC-MS/MS: Application on postmortem samples. Journal of Chromatography B
CrossRef48
J.Kelly, F.Kelly, K.Santlal, S.O’Ceallaigh. (2014) The impact of a change in prescribing policy on antipsychotic prescribing in a general adult psychiatric hospital. Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine 31, 167-173
CrossRef49
Sharon KInouye, Edward RMarcantonio, Eran DMetzger. (2014) Doing damage in delirium: the hazards of antipsychotic treatment in elderly people. The Lancet Psychiatry 1, 312-315
CrossRef50
R. D.Hayes, J.Downs, C.-K.Chang, R. G.Jackson, H.Shetty, M.Broadbent, M.Hotopf, R.Stewart. (2014) The Effect of Clozapine on Premature Mortality: An Assessment of Clinical Monitoring and Other Potential Confounders. Schizophrenia Bulletin
CrossRef51
M. T.Blom, D. A.van Hoeijen, A.Bardai, J.Berdowski, P. C.Souverein, M. L.De Bruin, R. W.Koster, A.de Boer, H. L.Tan. (2014) Genetic, clinical and pharmacological determinants of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: rationale and outline of the AmsteRdam Resuscitation Studies (ARREST) registry. Open Heart 1, e000112-e000112
CrossRef52
ElineVandael, ThomasMarynissen, JohanReyntens, IsabelSpriet, JorisVandenberghe, RikWillems, VeerleFoulon. (2014) Frequency of use of QT-interval prolonging drugs in psychiatry in Belgium. International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy 36, 757-765
CrossRef53
HiroyoshiTakeuchi, TakefumiSuzuki, GaryRemington, KoichiroWatanabe, MasaruMimura, HiroyukiUchida. (2014) Lack of Effect of Risperidone or Olanzapine Dose Reduction on Metabolic Parameters, Prolactin, and Corrected QT Interval in Stable Patients With Schizophrenia. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology 34, 517-520
CrossRef54
Susan BeckwittTurkel, AlanHanft. (2014) The Pharmacologic Management of Delirium in Children and Adolescents. Pediatric Drugs 16, 267-274
CrossRef55
Shirley H.Bush, SalmaanKanji, José L.Pereira, Daniel H.J.Davis, David C.Currow, David J.Meagher, KiranRabheru, David KennethWright, EduardoBruera, MeeraAgar, MichaelHartwick, Pierre R.Gagnon, BrunoGagnon, WilliamBreitbart, LauraRegnier, Peter G.Lawlor. (2014) Treating an Established Episode of Delirium in Palliative Care: Expert Opinion and Review of the Current Evidence Base With Recommendations for Future Development. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management 48, 231-248
CrossRef56
MarkTurlington, ChrysaMalosh, JonJacobs, Jason T.Manka, Meredith J.Noetzel, Paige N.Vinson, SatyawanJadhav, Elizabeth J.Herman, HildeLavreysen, ClaireMackie, José M.Bartolomé-Nebreda, SusanaConde-Ceide, M. LuzMartín-Martín, Han MinTong, SilviaLópez, Gregor J.MacDonald, ThomasSteckler, J. ScottDaniels, C. DavidWeaver, Colleen M.Niswender, Carrie K.Jones, P. JeffreyConn, Craig W.Lindsley, Shaun R.Stauffer. (2014) Tetrahydronaphthyridine and Dihydronaphthyridinone Ethers As Positive Allosteric Modulators of the Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor 5 (mGlu 5 ). Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 57, 5620-5637
CrossRef57
Lisa D.Burry, David R.Williamson, Marc M.Perreault, LouiseRose, Deborah J.Cook, Niall D.Ferguson, Stephanie C.Lapinsky, SangheetaMehta. (2014) Analgesic, sedative, antipsychotic, and neuromuscular blocker use in Canadian intensive care units: a prospective, multicentre, observational study. Canadian Journal of Anesthesia/Journal canadien d'anesthésie 61, 619-630
CrossRef58
GianlucaTrifiró, JanetSultana, EdoardoSpina. (2014) Are the Safety Profiles of Antipsychotic Drugs Used in Dementia the Same? An Updated Review of Observational Studies. Drug Safety 37, 501-520
CrossRef59
Ryan A.Todd, Adriane M.Lewin, Lauren C.Bresee, DanielleSouthern, Doreen M.Rabi. (2014) Coronary artery disease in adults with schizophrenia: Anatomy, treatment and outcomes. IJC Heart & Vessels
CrossRef60
RachelHershenberg, Daniel F.Gros, OlgaBrawman-Mintzer. (2014) Role of Atypical Antipsychotics in the Treatment of Generalized Anxiety Disorder. CNS Drugs 28, 519-533
CrossRef61
EvaGermanò, DomenicoItaliano, MarcoLamberti, LauraGuerriero, CarmenPrivitera, GessicaD’Amico, RosamariaSiracusano, MassimoIngrassia, EdoardoSpina, Maria PiaCalabrò, AntonellaGagliano. (2014) ECG parameters in children and adolescents treated with aripiprazole and risperidone. Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry 51, 23-27
CrossRef62
Christina M.Holmgren, Nils J.Abdon, Lennart B.Bergfeldt, Nils G.Edvardsson, Johan D.Herlitz, ThomasKarlsson, Leif G.Svensson, Bengt H.Åstrand. (2014) Changes in Medication Preceding Out-of-hospital Cardiac Arrest Where Resuscitation Was Attempted. Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology 63, 497-503
CrossRef63
WendyMoyle, Marie LouiseCooke, ElizabethBeattie, David H.K.Shum, Siobhan T.O’Dwyer, SueBarrett. (2014) Foot massage versus quiet presence on agitation and mood in people with dementia: A randomised controlled trial. International Journal of Nursing Studies 51, 856-864
CrossRef64
Robert H.Howland. (2014) The Comparative Cardiac Effects of Haloperidol and Quetiapine: Parsing a Review. Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services 52, 23-26
CrossRef65
TaehwanPark, Karen M.Kuntz. (2014) Cost-Effectiveness of Second-Generation Antipsychotics for the Treatment of Schizophrenia. Value in Health 17, 310-319
CrossRef66
S.Fanoe, D.Kristensen, A.Fink-Jensen, H. K.Jensen, E.Toft, J.Nielsen, P.Videbech, S.Pehrson, H.Bundgaard. (2014) Risk of arrhythmia induced by psychotropic medications: a proposal for clinical management. European Heart Journal 35, 1306-1315
CrossRef67
ThomasKubiszyn, Sarah S.Mire. (2014) A Review of Recent FDA Drug Safety Communications for Pediatric Psychotropics. Journal of Child and Family Studies 23, 716-727
CrossRef68
ThomasMesser. (2014) Management von Nebenwirkungen für eine positive Langzeitprognose. DNP - Der Neurologe und Psychiater 15, 40-51
CrossRef69
JamieSebaaly. (2014) Management of elevated blood cholesterol in the psychiatric patient: What's new in the guidelines?. Mental Health Clinician 4, 100-106
CrossRef70
PetruIfteni, Christoph U.Correll, VictoriaBurtea, John M.Kane, PeterManu. (2014) Sudden unexpected death in schizophrenia: Autopsy findings in psychiatric inpatients. Schizophrenia Research 155, 72-76
CrossRef71
NatasaGisev, J. SimonBell, Timothy F.Chen. (2014) Factors Associated With Antipsychotic Polypharmacy and High-Dose Antipsychotics Among Individuals Receiving Compulsory Treatment in the Community. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology, 1
CrossRef72
MasahitoHitosugi, ChieTsukada, ShinobuYamauchi, ToshiakiNagai. (2014) A Case of Fatal Risperidone Poisoning Alerts Physicians. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology 34, 268-269
CrossRef73
Nabilah I.Chowdhury, Renan P.Souza, Arun K.Tiwari, Eva J.Brandl, MichelleSicard, Herbert Y.Meltzer, Jeffrey A.Lieberman, James L.Kennedy, Daniel J.Müller. (2014) Investigation of melanocortin system gene variants in antipsychotic-induced weight gain. The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry 15, 251-258
CrossRef74
Benoit H.Mulsant. (2014) Challenges of the Treatment of Neuropsychiatric Symptoms Associated with Dementia. The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 22, 317-320
CrossRef75
Anthony PMorrison, DouglasTurkington, MelissaPyle, HelenSpencer, AlisonBrabban, GrahamDunn, TomChristodoulides, RobDudley, NicolaChapman, PaulineCallcott, TimGrace, VictoriaLumley, LauraDrage, SarahTully, KerryIrving, AnnaCummings, RoryByrne, Linda MDavies, PaulHutton. (2014) Cognitive therapy for people with schizophrenia spectrum disorders not taking antipsychotic drugs: a single-blind randomised controlled trial. The Lancet 383, 1395-1403
CrossRef76
A. R.Ribe, T. M.Laursen, A.Sandbaek, M.Charles, M.Nordentoft, M.Vestergaard. (2014) Long-term mortality of persons with severe mental illness and diabetes: a population-based cohort study in Denmark. Psychological Medicine, 1-11
CrossRef77
Melanie DawnGuenette, ArabaChintoh, GaryRemington, MargaretHahn. (2014) Atypical Antipsychotic-Induced Metabolic Disturbances in the Elderly. Drugs & Aging 31, 159-184
CrossRef78
ElenaVillamañán, EduardoArmada, MargaritaRuano. (2014) Prolongación del intervalo QT inducido por fármacos: ¿conocemos sus riesgos?. Medicina Clínica
CrossRef79
PietroGareri, PasqualeDe Fazio, Valeria Graziella LauraManfredi, GiovambattistaDe Sarro. (2014) Use and Safety of Antipsychotics in Behavioral Disorders in Elderly People With Dementia. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology 34, 109-123
CrossRef80
SayakoKamei, NorikoSato, YutaHarayama, MiyakoNunotani, KanaeTakatsu, TetsuyaShiozaki, TokutaroHayashi, HidekiAsamura. (2014) Molecular analysis of potassium ion channel genes in sudden death cases among patients administered psychotropic drug therapy: are polymorphisms in LQT genes a potential risk factor?. Journal of Human Genetics 59, 95-99
CrossRef81
SaeedShoja Shafti, ParisaFallah Jahromi. (2014) A Comparative Study between Olanzapine and Risperidone Regarding Drug-Induced Electrocardiographic Changes. Cardiovascular Psychiatry and Neurology 2014, 1-5
CrossRef82
J. MartijnBos, Pedro J.Caraballo, Michael J.Ackerman. (2013) Computer-Based Early Warning System for Potentially Life-Threatening QT Prolongation. Hospital Medicine Clinics
CrossRef83
Mallery R.Neff, Matthew C.Aalsma, Marc B.Rosenman, Sarah E.Wiehe. (2013) Psychiatric Medication Refill Practices of Juvenile Detainees. Child Psychiatry & Human Development 44, 717-726
CrossRef84
Celeste A.Lemay, Kathleen M.Mazor, Terry S.Field, JenniferDonovan, AbirKanaan, Becky A.Briesacher, SarahFoy, Leslie R.Harrold, Jerry H.Gurwitz, JenniferTjia. (2013) Knowledge of and Perceived Need for Evidence-Based Education About Antipsychotic Medications Among Nursing Home Leadership and Staff. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association 14, 895-900
CrossRef85
SerminToto, AlexandraKleimann, HelgeFrieling. (2013) Besonderheiten der Pharmakotherapie in der Gerontopsychiatrie. DNP - Der Neurologe und Psychiater 14, 48-55
CrossRef86
David J.Meagher, LisaMcLoughlin, MaeveLeonard, NoelHannon, ColumDunne, NiamhO'Regan. (2013) What Do We Really Know About the Treatment of Delirium with Antipsychotics? Ten Key Issues for Delirium Pharmacotherapy. The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 21, 1223-1238
CrossRef87
JoannaMoncrieff, DavidCohen, SallyPorter. (2013) The Psychoactive Effects of Psychiatric Medication: The Elephant in the Room. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs 45, 409-415
CrossRef88
BrianGodman, KristienDe Bruyn, JamiletteMiranda, EmanuelRaschi, MarionBennie, CorradoBarbui, StevenSimoens. (2013) Generic atypical antipsychotic drugs in Belgium: their influence and implications. Journal of Comparative Effectiveness Research 2, 551-561
CrossRef89
ShoMoriguchi, Robert R.Bies, GaryRemington, TakefumiSuzuki, David C.Mamo, KoichiroWatanabe, MasaruMimura, Bruce G.Pollock, HiroyukiUchida. (2013) Estimated Dopamine D2 Receptor Occupancy and Remission in Schizophrenia. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology 33, 682-685
CrossRef90
NiklasSchmedt, EdeltrautGarbe. (2013) Antipsychotic Drug Use and the Risk of Venous Thromboembolism in Elderly Patients With Dementia. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology, 1
CrossRef91
B. A.Cullen, E. E.McGinty, Y.Zhang, S. C.dosReis, D. M.Steinwachs, E.Guallar, G. L.Daumit. (2013) Guideline-Concordant Antipsychotic Use and Mortality in Schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Bulletin 39, 1159-1168
CrossRef92
BrianGodman, MariePersson, JamiletteMiranda, CorradoBarbui, MarionBennie, Alexander EFinlayson, EmanuelRaschi, BjornWettermark. (2013) Can authorities take advantage of the availability of generic atypical antipsychotic drugs? Findings from Sweden and potential implications. Journal of Pharmaceutical Health Services Research 4:10.1111/jphs.2013.4.issue-3, 139-150
CrossRef93
JoannaSweeting, JohanDuflou, ChristopherSemsarian. (2013) Postmortem analysis of cardiovascular deaths in schizophrenia: A 10-year review. Schizophrenia Research
CrossRef94
JonMcClellan, SaundraStock. (2013) Practice Parameter for the Assessment and Treatment of Children and Adolescents With Schizophrenia. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 52, 976-990
CrossRef95
Mark S.Bauer, AustinLee, MingfeiLi, LauraBajor, AnnRasmusson, Lewis E.Kazis. (2013) Off-label use of second generation antipsychotics for post-traumatic stress disorder in the Department of Veterans Affairs: time trends and sociodemographic, comorbidity, and regional correlates. Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety, n/a-n/a
CrossRef96
Donald C.Goff, Joseph P.McEvoy, LeslieCitrome, Arnold W.Mech, Juan R.Bustillo, RobertoGil, PeterBuckley, Theo C.Manschreck, Eric D.Achtyes, Eric A.Macklin. (2013) High-Dose Oral Ziprasidone Versus Conventional Dosing in Schizophrenia Patients With Residual Symptoms. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology 33, 485-490
CrossRef97
NargesBeyraghi, FaribaRajabi, FarhadHajsheikholeslami. (2013) Prevalence of QTc interval changes in acute psychiatric care: A cross-sectional study. International Journal of Psychiatry in Clinical Practice 17, 227-231
CrossRef98
StephanieSampson, MouhamadMansour, NicolaMaayan, KarlaSoares-Weiser, Clive EAdams, StephanieSampson. Intermittent drug techniques for schizophrenia. 2013.
CrossRef99
AdrianaHuertas-Vazquez, CarmenTeodorescu, KyndaronReinier, AudreyUy-Evanado, HarpriyaChugh, KatherineJerger, JoAyala, KarenGunson, JonathanJui, ChristopherNewton-Cheh, Christine M.Albert, Sumeet S.Chugh. (2013) A common missense variant in the neuregulin 1 gene is associated with both schizophrenia and sudden cardiac death. Heart Rhythm 10, 994-998
CrossRef100
MarthaWard, AnnSchwartz. (2013) Challenges in pharmacologic management of the hospitalized patient with psychiatric comorbidity. Journal of Hospital Medicine, n/a-n/a
CrossRef101
Stephen M.Stahl. (2013) Emerging guidelines for the use of antipsychotic polypharmacy. Revista de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental (English Edition) 6, 97-100
CrossRef102
Stephen M.Stahl. (2013) Nuevas guías para el uso de la polifarmacia antipsicótica. Revista de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental 6, 97-100
CrossRef103
ElisabettaPoluzzi, EmanuelRaschi, AriolaKoci, UgoMoretti, EdoardoSpina, Elijah R.Behr, MiriamSturkenboom, FabrizioDe Ponti. (2013) Antipsychotics and Torsadogenic Risk: Signals Emerging from the US FDA Adverse Event Reporting System Database. Drug Safety 36, 467-479
CrossRef104
MariaRikala, SirpaHartikainen, Leena K.Saastamoinen, Maarit JaanaKorhonen. (2013) Measuring psychotropic drug exposures in register-based studies - validity of a dosage assumption of one unit per day in older Finns. International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research 22:10.1002/mpr.v22.2, 155-165
CrossRef105
NicolaFerri, PeterSiegl, AlbertoCorsini, JoergHerrmann, AmirLerman, ReneeBenghozi. (2013) Drug attrition during pre-clinical and clinical development: Understanding and managing drug-induced cardiotoxicity. Pharmacology & Therapeutics 138, 470-484
CrossRef106
TusharAcharya, SabeenaAcharya, StevenTringali, JianHuang. (2013) Association of Antidepressant and Atypical Antipsychotic Use with Cardiovascular Events and Mortality in a Veteran Population. Pharmacotherapy: The Journal of Human Pharmacology and Drug Therapy, n/a-n/a
CrossRef107
Hsin-AnChang, Chuan-ChiaChang, Nian-ShengTzeng, Terry B. J.Kuo, Ru-BandLu, San-YuanHuang. (2013) Cardiac autonomic dysregulation in acute schizophrenia. Acta Neuropsychiatrica, 1-10
CrossRef108
YutaroSuzuki, TakuroSugai, NaokiFukui, JunzoWatanabe, ShinOno, NobutoTsuneyama, MamiSaito, ToshiyukiSomeya. (2013) Sex differences in the effect of four second-generation antipsychotics on QTc interval in patients with schizophrenia. Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental 28:10.1002/hup.v28.3, 215-219
CrossRef109
Chi-UnPae. (2013) Sertindole: dilemmas for its use in clinical practice. Expert Opinion on Drug Safety 12, 321-326
CrossRef110
TakashiTsuboi, Robert R.Bies, TakefumiSuzuki, David C.Mamo, Bruce G.Pollock, ArielGraff-Guerrero, MasaruMimura, HiroyukiUchida. (2013) Hyperprolactinemia and estimated dopamine D2 receptor occupancy and in patients with schizophrenia: Analysis of the CATIE data. Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry
CrossRef111
CarmenTeodorescu, KyndaronReinier, AudreyUy-Evanado, HarpriyaChugh, KarenGunson, JonathanJui, Sumeet S.Chugh. (2013) Antipsychotic drugs are associated with pulseless electrical activity: The Oregon Sudden Unexpected Death Study. Heart Rhythm 10, 526-530
CrossRef112
Kristina H.Haugaa, J. MartijnBos, Robert F.Tarrell, Bruce W.Morlan, Pedro J.Caraballo, Michael J.Ackerman. (2013) Institution-Wide QT Alert System Identifies Patients With a High Risk of Mortality. Mayo Clinic Proceedings 88, 315-325
CrossRef113
Mamdouh M.Al Gamal, MahaEl Tayebani, Rasha E.Bassim. (2013) Antipsychotic combinations. Middle East Current Psychiatry 20, 60-72
CrossRef114
JamesPeacock, WilliamWhang. (2013) Antipsychotic medications and sudden cardiac arrest: More than meets the eye?. Heart Rhythm 10, 531-532
CrossRef115
Scott A.Irwin, Rosene D.Pirrello, Jeremy M.Hirst, Gary T.Buckholz, Frank D.Ferris. (2013) Clarifying Delirium Management: Practical, Evidenced-Based, Expert Recommendations for Clinical Practice. Journal of Palliative Medicine 16, 423-435
CrossRef116
GiulioScigliano, GabrieleRonchetti. (2013) Antipsychotic-Induced Metabolic and Cardiovascular Side Effects in Schizophrenia: A Novel Mechanistic Hypothesis. CNS Drugs 27, 249-257
CrossRef117
Nicole J.Brandt, JessicaPyhtila. (2013) Psychopharmacological Medication Use Among Older Adults with Dementia in Nursing Homes. Journal of Gerontological Nursing 39, 8-14
CrossRef118
Stefanie B.Hawkins, MasonBucklin, Andrew J.Muzyk. (2013) Quetiapine for the treatment of delirium. Journal of Hospital Medicine 8:10.1002/jhm.v8.4, 215-220
CrossRef119
SrihariGopal, DavidHough, KeithKarcher, IsaacNuamah, JosephPalumbo, Jesse A.Berlin, AlanBaseman, YimeiXu, JustineKent. (2013) Risk of Cardiovascular Morbidity With Risperidone or Paliperidone Treatment. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology 33, 157-161
CrossRef120
Luca M.Bigatello, HoumanAmirfarzan, Asieh KazemHaghighi, BeverlyNewhouse, J. MauricioDel Rio, KathrinAllen, AnneChang, UlrichSchmidt, MoavenRazavi. (2013) Effects of routine monitoring of delirium in a surgical/trauma intensive care unit. Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery 74, 876-883
CrossRef121
AndreaFagiolini, Rocco NForgione, BenedettoMorana, MauroMaccari, AriannaGoracci, LetiziaBossini, FrancescaPellegrini, AlessandroCuomo, FrancescoCasamassima. (2013) Asenapine for the treatment of manic and mixed episodes associated with bipolar I disorder: from clinical research to clinical practice. Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy 14, 489-504
CrossRef122
MarleyDoyle, Lisa J.Rosenthal. (2013) Psychotropic Medications, Associated QTc Prolongation, and Sudden Cardiac Death: A Review for Clinicians. Psychiatric Annals 43, 58-65
CrossRef123
Anthony P.Morrison, MelissaWardle, PaulHutton, LindaDavies, GrahamDunn, AlisonBrabban, RoryByrne, LauraDrage, HelenSpencer, DouglasTurkington. (2013) Assessing Cognitive Therapy Instead Of Neuroleptics: Rationale, study design and sample characteristics of the ACTION trial. Psychosis 5, 82-92
CrossRef124
M.Bennie, I.Bishop, B.Godman, C.Barbui, E.Raschi, S.Campbell, J.Miranda, L. L.Gustafsson. (2013) Are specific initiatives required to enhance prescribing of generic atypical antipsychotics in Scotland?: International implications. International Journal of Clinical Practice 67, 170-180
CrossRef125
Kyle J.Burghardt, Vicki L.Ellingrod. (2013) Detection of Metabolic Syndrome in Schizophrenia and Implications for Antipsychotic Therapy. Molecular Diagnosis & Therapy 17, 21-30
CrossRef126
LarissaDeDea. (2013) QT prolongation: A critical adverse effect of some medications. Journal of the American Academy of Physician Assistants 26, 11
CrossRef127
A.Birkhofer, J.Geissendoerfer, P.Alger, A.Mueller, M.Rentrop, T.Strubel, S.Leucht, H.Förstl, K.-J.Bär, G.Schmidt. (2013) The deceleration capacity – a new measure of heart rate variability evaluated in patients with schizophrenia and antipsychotic treatment. European Psychiatry 28, 81-86
CrossRef128
YutaroSuzuki, TakuroSugai, NaokiFukui, JunzoWatanabe, ShinOno, NobutoTsuneyama, MamiSaito, ToshiyukiSomeya. (2013) Changes in QT interval after switching to quetiapine in Japanese patients with schizophrenia. Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental 28:10.1002/hup.v28.1, 94-96
CrossRef129
S. 2013:, 970-1062.
CrossRef130
TaritaMurray-Thomas, Meghan E.Jones, DevenPatel, ElizabethBrunner, Chetan C.Shatapathy, StephenMotsko, Tjeerd P.Van Staa. (2013) Risk of Mortality (Including Sudden Cardiac Death) and Major Cardiovascular Events in Atypical and Typical Antipsychotic Users: A Study with the General Practice Research Database. Cardiovascular Psychiatry and Neurology 2013, 1-15
CrossRef131
IvanStratov, JustinDenholm, Stephen J.Kent. (2013) Azithromycin: more lethal than chloramphenicol?. Sexual Health 10, 179
CrossRef132
JoannaMoncrieff. (2013) Magic Bullets for Mental Disorders: The Emergence of the Concept of an “Antipsychotic” Drug. Journal of the History of the Neurosciences 22, 30-46
CrossRef133
David N.Osser, Mohsen JalaliRoudsari, TheoManschreck. (2013) The Psychopharmacology Algorithm Project at the Harvard South Shore Program. Harvard Review of Psychiatry 21, 18-40
CrossRef134
Scott R.Beach, Christopher M.Celano, Peter A.Noseworthy, James L.Januzzi, Jeff C.Huffman. (2013) QTc Prolongation, Torsades de Pointes, and Psychotropic Medications. Psychosomatics 54, 1-13
CrossRef135
Meghan E.Jones, GiedraCampbell, DevenPatel, ElizabethBrunner, Chetan C.Shatapathy, TaritaMurray-Thomas, Tjeerd P.van Staa, StephenMotsko. (2013) Risk of Mortality (including Sudden Cardiac Death) and Major Cardiovascular Events in Users of Olanzapine and Other Antipsychotics: A Study with the General Practice Research Database. Cardiovascular Psychiatry and Neurology 2013, 1-13
CrossRef136
Cynthia S.Weickert, Thomas W.Weickert, AnilPillai, Peter F.Buckley. (2013) Biomarkers in Schizophrenia: A Brief Conceptual Consideration. Disease Markers 35, 3-9
CrossRef137
HideakiTani, HiroyukiUchida, TakefumiSuzuki, YasuoFujii, MasaruMimura. (2013) Interventions to reduce antipsychotic polypharmacy: A systematic review. Schizophrenia Research 143, 215-220
CrossRef138
ClaudiaLeucht, MaximilianHuhn, StefanLeucht, ClaudiaLeucht. Amitriptyline versus placebo for major depressive disorder. 2012.
CrossRef139
SMiyamoto, NMiyake, L FJarskog, W WFleischhacker, J ALieberman. (2012) Pharmacological treatment of schizophrenia: a critical review of the pharmacology and clinical effects of current and future therapeutic agents. Molecular Psychiatry 17, 1206-1227
CrossRef140
Karen J.Mathewson, Michelle K.Jetha, Joel O.Goldberg, Louis A.Schmidt. (2012) Autonomic regulation predicts performance on Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) in adults with schizophrenia. Biological Psychology 91, 389-399
CrossRef141
M.Gunnström, D.Ababneh, W.S.Webster, D.Oakes, H.Ritchie. (2012) Antipsychotic drugs cause bradycardia in GD 13 rat embryos in vitro. Reproductive Toxicology 34, 443-450
CrossRef142
EvangelosKaramatskos, MartinLambert, ChristophMulert, DieterNaber. (2012) Drug safety and efficacy evaluation of sertindole for schizophrenia. Expert Opinion on Drug Safety 11, 1047-1062
CrossRef143
Walid F.Gellad, Sherrie L.Aspinall, Steven M.Handler, Roslyn A.Stone, NicholasCastle, Todd P.Semla, Chester B.Good, Michael J.Fine, MauriceDysken, Joseph T.Hanlon. (2012) Use of Antipsychotics Among Older Residents in VA Nursing Homes. Medical Care 50, 954-960
CrossRef144
Amos D.Korczyn, VeronikaVakhapova, Lea T.Grinberg. (2012) Vascular dementia. Journal of the Neurological Sciences 322, 2-10
CrossRef145
ThomasMesser. (2012) Nutzen und Risiken der Polypharmazie. NeuroTransmitter 23, 62-70
CrossRef146
Kelly L.Sopko, Kelly CunninghamSponsler. (2012) Perioperative Medication Management. Hospital Medicine Clinics 1, e532-e547
CrossRef147
Katherine E.Bates, Victoria L.Vetter, Jennifer S.Li, SusanCummins, FernandoAguel, ChristopherAlmond, Anne M.Dubin, JosephineElia, JohnFinkle, Elizabeth A.Hausner, FrancescaJoseph, Abraham M.Karkowsky, MatthewKilleen, JodiLemacks, LisaMathis, Ann W.McMahon, EllenPinnow, IgnacioRodriguez, Norman L.Stockbridge, MargaretStockwell, MelissaTassinari, Mitchell W.Krucoff. (2012) Pediatric cardiovascular safety: Challenges in drug and device development and clinical application. American Heart Journal 164, 481-492
CrossRef148
John W.Devlin, Nada S.Al-Qadhee, YoannaSkrobik. (2012) Pharmacologic prevention and treatment of delirium in critically ill and non-critically ill hospitalised patients: A review of data from prospective, randomised studies. Best Practice & Research Clinical Anaesthesiology 26, 289-309
CrossRef149
(2012) Consider pharmacotherapy for antipsychotic-induced orthostatic hypotension only if nonpharmacological measures fail. Drugs & Therapy Perspectives 28, 19-23
CrossRef150
&NA;. (2012) Consider pharmacotherapy for antipsychotic-induced orthostatic hypotension only if nonpharmacological measures fail. Drugs & Therapy Perspectives 28, 19-23
CrossRef151
W. Victor R.Vieweg, MehrulHasnain, Robert H.Howland, John M.Hettema, ChristopherKogut, Mark A.Wood, Ananda K.Pandurangi. (2012) Citalopram, QTc Interval Prolongation, and Torsade de Pointes. How Should We Apply the Recent FDA Ruling?. The American Journal of Medicine 125, 859-868
CrossRef152
Izzat T.Raheem, Michael J.Breslin, ChristineFandozzi, JoyFuerst, NicoleHill, SarahHuszar, MonikaKandebo, Somang H.Kim, BennettMa, GeorgiaMcGaughey, John J.Renger, John D.Schreier, SujataSharma, SeanSmith, JasonUslaner, YouweiYan, Paul J.Coleman, Christopher D.Cox. (2012) Discovery of tetrahydropyridopyrimidine phosphodiesterase 10A inhibitors for the treatment of schizophrenia. Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters 22, 5903-5908
CrossRef153
Joanne Y.T.Leung, Alasdair M.Barr, Ric M.Procyshyn, William G.Honer, Catherine C.Y.Pang. (2012) Cardiovascular side-effects of antipsychotic drugs: The role of the autonomic nervous system. Pharmacology & Therapeutics 135, 113-122
CrossRef154
A. P.Morrison, P.Hutton, D.Shiers, D.Turkington. (2012) Antipsychotics: is it time to introduce patient choice?. The British Journal of Psychiatry 201, 83-84
CrossRef155
ChristopherSpevak, CarlyleHamsher, Carlton Q.Brown, Erich F.Wedam, Mark C.Haigney. (2012) The Clinical Significance of QT Interval Prolongation in Anesthesia and Pain Management: What You Should and Should Not Worry About. Pain Medicine 13:10.1111/pme.2012.13.issue-8, 1072-1080
CrossRef156
Jason G.Ho, Randall L.Caldwell, Christopher J.McDougle, Danielle K.Orsagh-Yentis, Craig A.Erickson, David J.Posey, Kimberly A.Stigler. (2012) The Effects of Aripiprazole on Electrocardiography in Children with Pervasive Developmental Disorders. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology 22, 277-283
CrossRef157
Christian R.Dolder, Kimberly L.Nealy. (2012) The Efficacy and Safety of Newer Anticonvulsants in Patients with Dementia. Drugs & Aging 29, 627-637
CrossRef158
Danielle SCha, Roger SMcIntyre. (2012) Treatment-emergent adverse events associated with atypical antipsychotics. Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy 13, 1587-1598
CrossRef159
GermainSotoing Taïwe, ElisabethNgo Bum, EmmanuelTalla, AmadouDawe, Fleur ClarisseOkomolo Moto, GwladysTemkou Ngoupaye, NeteydjiSidiki, BernardDabole, Paul DésiréDjomeni Dzeufiet, ThéophileDimo, MichelDe Waard. (2012) Antipsychotic and sedative effects of the leaf extract of Crassocephalum bauchiense (Hutch.) Milne-Redh (Asteraceae) in rodents. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 143, 213-220
CrossRef160
RobertTemple, ThomasLaughren, NormanStockbridge. (2012) Removal from labeling of 60-mg citalopram dose. Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety 21:10.1002/pds.v21.7, 784-786
CrossRef161
AmaiaLópez de Torre, UnaxLertxundi, RafaelHernández, JuanMedrano. (2012) Antipsychotic polypharmacy: a needle in a haystack?. General Hospital Psychiatry 34, 423-432
CrossRef162
EvaSaar, DimitriGerostamoulos, Olaf H.Drummer, JochenBeyer. (2012) Identification of 2-hydroxymethyl-olanzapine as a novel degradation product of olanzapine. Forensic Science International 220, 74-79
CrossRef163
Kyle JBurghardt, J RichardPilsner, Michael JBly, Vicki LEllingrod. (2012) DNA methylation in schizophrenia subjects: gender and MTHFR 677C/T genotype differences. Epigenomics 4, 261-268
CrossRef164
EvaSaar, JochenBeyer, DimitriGerostamoulos, Olaf H.Drummer. (2012) The analysis of antipsychotic drugs in human matrices using LC-MS(/MS). Drug Testing and Analysis 4:10.1002/dta.v4.6, 376-394
CrossRef165
N.Chaumartin, S.Lukat, P.Garriguet, P.-R.Urrea, B.Lachaux. (2012) Le syndrome du QT long chez les patients psychiatriques chimiorésistants : prévalence, facteurs de risque, et implications thérapeutiques. Annales Médico-psychologiques, revue psychiatrique 170, 299-305
CrossRef166
A.Gurevich, V.Guller, Y. N.Berner, S.Tal. (2012) Are atypical antipsychotics safer than typical antipsychotics for treating behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia?. The journal of nutrition, health & aging 16, 557-561
CrossRef167
LamiaHamdan, MurielBost, GuyChazot, BernardBui-Xuan, FannyVaillant, LeilaDehina, JacquesDescotes, AlainTabib, ZahidaMamou, QuadiriTimour. (2012) Involvement of neuroleptic drugs in selenium deficiency and sudden death of cardiac origin: Study and human post-mortem examination. Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology
CrossRef168
StefanLeucht, MagdolnaTardy, KatjaKomossa, StephanHeres, WernerKissling, GeorgiaSalanti, John MDavis. (2012) Antipsychotic drugs versus placebo for relapse prevention in schizophrenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. The Lancet 379, 2063-2071
CrossRef169
StefanLeucht, MagdolnaTardy, KatjaKomossa, StephanHeres, WernerKissling, John MDavis, StefanLeucht. Maintenance treatment with antipsychotic drugs for schizophrenia. 2012.
CrossRef170
Michael D.Coleman, Louis L.Radulovic. Clinical Aspects of Drug Biotransformation: An OverviewDedicated to the memory of Mark J. Winn, Ph.D.,1960-1993. 2012.
CrossRef171
Juan AGallego, JimmiNielsen, MarcDe Hert, John MKane, Christoph UCorrell. (2012) Safety and tolerability of antipsychotic polypharmacy. Expert Opinion on Drug Safety, 1-16
CrossRef172
W. WolfgangFleischhacker, HiroyukiUchida. (2012) Critical review of antipsychotic polypharmacy in the treatment of schizophrenia. The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology, 1-11
CrossRef173
R SStafford. (2012) Off-Label Use of Drugs and Medical Devices: A Review of Policy Implications. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics 91, 920-925
CrossRef174
Stephen M.Stahl. (2012) Antipsychotic polypharmacy: never say never, but never say always. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 125:10.1111/acps.2012.125.issue-5, 349-351
CrossRef175
LaviniaAthanasiu, Andrew A.Brown, Astrid B.Birkenaes, MortenMattingsdal, IngridAgartz, IngridMelle, Vidar M.Steen, Ole A.Andreassen, SrdjanDjurovic. (2012) Genome-wide association study identifies genetic loci associated with body mass index and high density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels during psychopharmacological treatment — a cross-sectional naturalistic study. Psychiatry Research 197, 327-336
CrossRef176
PeterWeeke, FredrikFolke, Gunnar H.Gislason, Freddy K.Lippert, Jonas B.Olesen, CharlotteAndersson, MadsWissenberg, Henrik E.Poulsen, Søren L.Nielsen, LarsKøber, ChristianTorp-Pedersen. (2012) Hospital admissions and pharmacotherapy before out-of-hospital cardiac arrest according to age. Resuscitation 83, 584-590
CrossRef177
YuyaMizuno, Robert R.Bies, GaryRemington, David C.Mamo, TakefumiSuzuki, Bruce G.Pollock, TakashiTsuboi, KoichiroWatanabe, MasaruMimura, HiroyukiUchida. (2012) Dopamine D2 receptor occupancy with risperidone or olanzapine during maintenance treatment of schizophrenia: A cross-sectional study. Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry 37, 182-187
CrossRef178
LadislavVolicer. Treatment of Behavioural Disorders. 2012:, 961-975.
CrossRef179
Andrew I.Geller, WilawanNopkhun, Marly N.Dows-Martinez, Dale C.Strasser. (2012) Polypharmacy and the Role of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. PM&R 4, 198-219
CrossRef180
AndrewMcKean, ErikMonasterio. (2012) Off-Label Use of Atypical Antipsychotics. CNS Drugs, 1
CrossRef181
AndrewWechter, Kristen N.Gardner, Tyler B.Grove, Vicki L.Ellingrod. (2012) Schizophrenia and folate pharmacogenetics: Review of the literature regarding folic acid and its pharmacogenetically regulated metabolism in relation to schizophrenia treatments. Mental Health Clinician 1, 225-229
CrossRef182
NatasaGisev, SirpaHartikainen, Timothy F.Chen, MikkoKorhonen, J. SimonBell. (2012) Effect of comorbidity on the risk of death associated with antipsychotic use among community-dwelling older adults. International Psychogeriatrics, 1-7
CrossRef183
David E.Goodrich, Amy M.Kilbourne, ZongshanLai, Edward P.Post, Nicholas W.Bowersox, BrianaMezuk, KarenSchumacher, MargrettaBramlet, Deborah E.Welsh, Mark S.Bauer. (2012) Design and rationale of a randomized controlled trial to reduce cardiovascular disease risk for patients with bipolar disorder. Contemporary Clinical Trials
CrossRef184
Jennifer M.Polinski, M. AlanBrookhart, Robert J.Glynn, SebastianSchneeweiss. (2012) Medicare Part D’s Impact on Antipsychotic Drug Use and Costs Among Elderly Patients Without Prior Drug Insurance. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology 32, 3-10
CrossRef185
JunzoWatanabe, YutaroSuzuki, NaokiFukui, ShinOno, TakuroSugai, NobutoTsuneyama, ToshiyukiSomeya. (2012) Increased Risk of Antipsychotic-Related QT Prolongation During Nighttime. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology 32, 18-22
CrossRef186
J CBouvy, M AKoopmanschap, R RShah, HSchellekens. (2012) The Cost-Effectiveness of Drug Regulation: The Example of Thorough QT/QTc Studies. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics 91, 281-288
CrossRef187
Steven R.Erickson, Jolene R.Bostwick, Sally K.Guthrie. Psychological Symptoms Associated with Cardiovascular Drugs; Cardiac Symptoms from Psychiatric Drugs; Drug Interactions. 2012:, 194-210.
CrossRef188
Dustin M.Hipp, E. WesleyEly. (2012) Pharmacological and Nonpharmacological Management of Delirium in Critically Ill Patients. Neurotherapeutics
CrossRef189
Jess G.Fiedorowicz, William H.Coryell, John P.Rice, Lois L.Warren, William G.Haynes. (2012) Vasculopathy Related to Manic/Hypomanic Symptom Burden and First-Generation Antipsychotics in a Sub-Sample from the Collaborative Depression Study. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics 81, 235-243
CrossRef190
FrédéricAknouche, GéraldQuatrehomme, EmilieGuibert, MatthieuEyraud, RobertButi, KévinFargeot, PascalKintz. (2012) Mort subite chez un patient traité pour schizophrénie réfractaire par clozapine (Leponex ® ). Annales de Toxicologie Analytique 24, 145-148
CrossRef191
V. L.Albaugh, T. C.Vary, O.Ilkayeva, B. R.Wenner, K. P.Maresca, J. L.Joyal, S.Breazeale, T. D.Elich, C. H.Lang, C. J.Lynch. (2012) Atypical Antipsychotics Rapidly and Inappropriately Switch Peripheral Fuel Utilization to Lipids, Impairing Metabolic Flexibility in Rodents. Schizophrenia Bulletin 38, 153-166
CrossRef192
Harvey S.Singer. Tics and Tourette's Syndrome. 2012:, 1009-1019.
CrossRef193
AkikoDeguchi, MasayukiNakamura, TakehiroHayashi, AkiraSano. (2012) Quetiapine-induced frequent premature ventricular contraction. General Hospital Psychiatry
CrossRef194
FabioSalvi, AnnalisaMarchetti, FedericaD’Angelo, MassimoBoemi, FabriziaLattanzio, AntonioCherubini. (2012) Adverse Drug Events as a Cause of Hospitalization in Older Adults. Drug Safety 35, 29-45
CrossRef195
TakuroSUGAI, YutaroSUZUKI, NaokiFUKUI, JunzoWATANABE, ShinONO, NobutoTSUNEYAMA, MamiSAITO, ToshiyukiSOMEYA. (2012) 4. Physical Risks Induced by Novel Antipsychotics and Preventive Measures. Rinsho yakuri/Japanese Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics 43, 151-156
CrossRef196
YohkoIwamoto, ChiakiKawanishi, IkukoKishida, TakuFuruno, MamiFujibayashi, ChieIshii, NorioIshii, ToshioMoritani, MasatakaTaguri, YoshioHirayasu. (2012) Dose-dependent effect of antipsychotic drugs on autonomic nervous system activity in schizophrenia. BMC Psychiatry 12, 199
CrossRef197
Vivian KKawai, Katherine TMurray, C. MichaelStein, William OCooper, David JGraham, KathiHall, Wayne ARay. (2012) Validation of a computer case definition for sudden cardiac death in opioid users. BMC Research Notes 5, 473
CrossRef198
Brent T.Mausbach, Susan K.Roepke, Elizabeth A.Chattillion, Alexandrea L.Harmell, RaeanneMoore, RosaRomero-Moreno, Christopher R.Bowie, IgorGrant. (2012) Multiple mediators of the relations between caregiving stress and depressive symptoms. Aging & Mental Health 16, 27-38
CrossRef199
FernandoArós, JavierRekondo, MirenMorillas, IñakiLekuona. (2012) Indicaciones actuales de tratamiento médico. Revista Española de Cardiología Suplementos 12, 15-20
CrossRef200
Mubo A.Sonibare, SolomonUmukoro, Esther T.Shonibare. (2012) Antipsychotic property of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Lonchocarpus cyanescens (Schumach and Thonn.) Benth. (Fabaceae) in rodents. Journal of Natural Medicines 66, 127-132
CrossRef201
PeterManu. Medical Consultation in Psychiatry. 2012:, 2492-2496.
CrossRef202
UnaxLertxundi, Saioa DomingoEchaburu, Rafael HernandezPalacios. (2011) The use of antipsychotics in a medium–long stay psychiatric hospital from 1998 to 2010. International Journal of Psychiatry in Clinical Practice, 1-5
CrossRef203
YutaroSuzuki, NaokiFukui, JunzoWatanabe, ShinOno, TakuroSugai, NobutoTsuneyama, MamiSaito, YoshimasaInoue, ToshiyukiSomeya. (2011) QT prolongation of the antipsychotic risperidone is predominantly related to its 9-hydroxy metabolite paliperidone. Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental, n/a-n/a
CrossRef204
Michael JDuhig, SukantaSaha, James GScott. (2011) Efficacy of risperidone in children with disruptive behavioural disorders. Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health, no-no
CrossRef205
Jamie L.Geier, Onur N.Karayal, MichaelLewis, John A.Camm, MartinKeane, Charlotte ME.Kremer, SheelaKolluri, RobertReynolds, SybilEng, Brian L.Strom. (2011) Methodological challenges in the coding and adjudication of sudden deaths in a large simple trial with observational follow-up: the ziprasidone observational study of cardiac outcomes (ZODIAC). Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety 20:10.1002/pds.v20.11, 1192-1198
CrossRef206
RobinNusslock, EllenFrank. (2011) Subthreshold bipolarity: diagnostic issues and challenges. Bipolar Disorders 13, 587-603
CrossRef207
J.Brugada. (2011) Psychosis, depression, and high risk for sudden cardiac death: time for co-operation between psychiatrists and cardiologists. European Heart Journal
CrossRef208
MarcDe Hert, JohanDetraux, Ruudvan Winkel, WeipingYu, Christoph U.Correll. (2011) Metabolic and cardiovascular adverse effects associated with antipsychotic drugs. Nature Reviews Endocrinology
CrossRef209
Laura A.Bajor, Ana NectaraTiclea, David N.Osser. (2011) The Psychopharmacology Algorithm Project at the Harvard South Shore Program: An Update on Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. Harvard Review of Psychiatry 19, 240-258
CrossRef210
J.Honkola, E.Hookana, S.Malinen, K. S.Kaikkonen, M.Juhani Junttila, M.Isohanni, M.-L.Kortelainen, H. V.Huikuri. (2011) Psychotropic medications and the risk of sudden cardiac death during an acute coronary event. European Heart Journal
CrossRef211
A. P.Morrison, P.Hutton, M.Wardle, H.Spencer, S.Barratt, A.Brabban, P.Callcott, T.Christodoulides, R.Dudley, P.French, V.Lumley, S. J.Tai, D.Turkington. (2011) Cognitive therapy for people with a schizophrenia spectrum diagnosis not taking antipsychotic medication: an exploratory trial. Psychological Medicine, 1-8
CrossRef212
AlbertoParabiaghi, BarbaraD'Avanzo, MauroTettamanti, AngeloBarbato. (2011) The GiSAS study: Rationale and design of a pragmatic randomized controlled trial on aripiprazole, olanzapine and haloperidol in the long-term treatment of schizophrenia. Contemporary Clinical Trials 32, 675-684
CrossRef213
Chung-TingTsai, KazuyaIkematsu, SayakaSakai, AyaMatsuo, IchiroNakasono. (2011) Expression of Bcl2l1, Clcf1, IL-28ra and Pias1 in the mouse heart after single and repeated administration of chlorpromazine. Legal Medicine 13, 221-225
CrossRef214
FaribaRajabi, FarhadHajsheikholeslami, NargesBeyraghi. (2011) Sudden cardiac death after treatment with low dose risperidone in combination with cotrimoxazole. Asian Journal of Psychiatry 4, 218-220
CrossRef215
Shaun R.Stauffer. (2011) Progress toward Positive Allosteric Modulators of the Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor Subtype 5 (mGlu 5 ). ACS Chemical Neuroscience 2, 450-470
CrossRef216
HaJeong-Hoon, WongCheuk-Kit. (2011) Pharmacologic treatment of depression in patients with myocardial infarction. Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 8, 121-126
CrossRef217
James J.Gugger. (2011) Antipsychotic Pharmacotherapy and Orthostatic Hypotension. CNS Drugs 25, 659-671
CrossRef218
IriaGrande, AlexandrePons, ImmaculadaBaeza, ÁngelaTorras, MiguelBernardo. (2011) QTc prolongation: is clozapine safe? Study of 82 cases before and after clozapine treatment. Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental, n/a-n/a
CrossRef219
MaithriPrabhakar, William GHaynes, William HCoryell, Elizabeth AChrischilles, Del DMiller, StephanArndt, Vicki LEllingrod, LoisWarren, Jess GFiedorowicz. (2011) Factors Associated with the Prescribing of Olanzapine, Quetiapine, and Risperidone in Patients with Bipolar and Related Affective Disorders. Pharmacotherapy 31, 806-812
CrossRef220
J. E.Morley. (2011) Can we improve care for patients with dementia?. The journal of nutrition, health & aging 15, 523-526
CrossRef221
T. E.Tungaraza, U.Zahid, B.Venkataramaiah. (2011) Polypharmacy and high-dose antipsychotics at the time of discharge from acute psychiatric wards. The Psychiatrist 35, 288-292
CrossRef222
HiroyoshiTakeuchi, TakefumiSuzuki, HiroyukiUchida, ToshiakiKikuchi, ShinichiroNakajima, HiroshiManki, KoichiroWatanabe, HaruoKashima. (2011) How long to wait before reducing antipsychotic dosage in stabilized patients with schizophrenia? A retrospective chart review. Journal of Psychiatric Research 45, 1083-1088
CrossRef223
ChisaTsutsumi, HiroyukiUchida, TakefumiSuzuki, KoichiroWatanabe, HiroyoshiTakeuchi, ShinichiroNakajima, YoshieKimura, YuichiroTsutsumi, KoichiIshii, YasushiImasaka, ShitijKapur. (2011) The evolution of antipsychotic switch and polypharmacy in natural practice — A longitudinal perspective. Schizophrenia Research 130, 40-46
CrossRef224
MaurizioPompili, GianlucaSerafini, MarcoInnamorati, ElisaAmbrosi, LudovicaTelesforo, PaolaVenturini, GloriaGiordano, MicheleBattuello, DavidLester, PaoloGirardi. (2011) Unmet treatment needs in schizophrenia patients: is asenapine a potential therapeutic option?. Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics 11, 989-1006
CrossRef225
Margaret GWoerner, Christoph UCorrell, Jose Ma JAlvir, BlaineGreenwald, HowardDelman, John MKane. (2011) Incidence of Tardive Dyskinesia with Risperidone or Olanzapine in the Elderly: Results from a 2-Year, Prospective Study in Antipsychotic-Naïve Patients. Neuropsychopharmacology 36, 1738-1746
CrossRef226
H.Uchida, T.Suzuki, H.Takeuchi, T.Arenovich, D. C.Mamo. (2011) Low Dose vs Standard Dose of Antipsychotics for Relapse Prevention in Schizophrenia: Meta-analysis. Schizophrenia Bulletin 37, 788-799
CrossRef227
Elizabeth A. D.Lee. (2011) Complex Contribution of Combat-Related Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder to Veteran Suicide: Facing an Increasing Challenge. Perspectives in Psychiatric Care, no-no
CrossRef228
ErinSchwenger, JaneDumontet, Mary H.H.Ensom. (2011) Does Olanzapine Warrant Clinical Pharmacokinetic Monitoring in Schizophrenia?. Clinical Pharmacokinetics 50, 415-428
CrossRef229
JamesInnes, LyndaIyeke. (2011) A review of the practice and position of monitoring in today’s rapid tranquilisation protocols. Journal of Psychiatric Intensive Care, 1-10
CrossRef230
KurtSamson. (2011) OIG: Atypical Antipsychotics Overused in Nursing Homes. Neurology Today 11, 1
CrossRef231
TakashiTsuboi, TakefumiSuzuki, HiroyukiUchida. (2011) A Tipping Point in Drug Dosing in Late-Life Schizophrenia. Current Psychiatry Reports 13, 225-233
CrossRef232
Jennifer A.Frontera. (2011) Delirium and Sedation in the ICU. Neurocritical Care 14, 463-474
CrossRef233
JimmiNielsen, ClausGraff, Jørgen K.Kanters, EgonToft, DavidTaylor, Jonathan M.Meyer. (2011) Assessing QT Interval Prolongation and its Associated Risks with Antipsychotics. CNS Drugs 25, 473-490
CrossRef234
A. J.Mitchell, D.Lawrence. (2011) Revascularisation and mortality rates following acute coronary syndromes in people with severe mental illness: comparative meta-analysis. The British Journal of Psychiatry 198, 434-441
CrossRef235
AmirBadshah, FazalSubhan, KhalidRauf, NadeemIrfan Bukhari, KifayatullahShah, SamiullahKhan, ZiaAhmed, IhsanullahKhan. (2011) Development of Controlled-Release Matrix Tablet of Risperidone: Influence of Methocel®- and Ethocel®-Based Novel Polymeric Blend on In Vitro Drug Release and Bioavailability. AAPS PharmSciTech 12, 525-533
CrossRef236
PaulHoward, RobertTwycross, JohnShuster, MaryMihalyo, AndrewWilcock. (2011) Antipsychotics. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management 41, 956-965
CrossRef237
SSetoguchi, W HShrank, JLiu, JCLee, USaya, W CWinkelmayer, N ADreyer. (2011) Angiotensin Receptor Blockers and Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors: Challenges in Comparative Effectiveness Using Medicare Data. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics 89, 674-682
CrossRef238
Anna-KarolineIsrael, AndreaSeeck, Michael KarlBoettger, TobiasRachow, SandyBerger, AndreasVoss, Karl-JürgenBär. (2011) Peripheral endothelial dysfunction in patients suffering from acute schizophrenia: A potential marker for cardiovascular morbidity?. Schizophrenia Research 128, 44-50
CrossRef239
Thomas W.Meeks, John W.Culberson, Monica S.Horton. (2011) Medications in Long-Term Care: When Less is More. Clinics in Geriatric Medicine 27, 171-191
CrossRef240
Wayne A.Ray. (2011) Improving Automated Database Studies. Epidemiology 22, 302-304
CrossRef241
Kathlyn J.Ronaldson, Paul B.Fitzgerald, Andrew J.Taylor, Duncan J.Topliss, John J.McNeil. (2011) Clinical course and analysis of ten fatal cases of clozapine-induced myocarditis and comparison with 66 surviving cases. Schizophrenia Research 128, 161-165
CrossRef242
SandhyaMehta, HuaChen, MichaelJohnson, Rajender R.Aparasu. (2011) Risk of Serious Cardiac Events in Older Adults Using Antipsychotic Agents. The American Journal of Geriatric Pharmacotherapy 9, 120-132
CrossRef243
KaseyBowden, Sharon A.Fitzgerald, UbolratPiamjariyakul, MarilynWerkowitch, Noreen C.Thompson, JohnKeighley, Carol E.Smith. (2011) Comparing Patient and Nurse Specialist Reports of Causative Factors of Depression Related to Heart Failure. Perspectives in Psychiatric Care 47:10.1111/ppc.2011.47.issue-2, 98-104
CrossRef244
M.Llanero Luque, J.M.Ruiz Sánchez de León, P.Medrano Izquierdo, C.Fernández García. (2011) Tratamiento de la enfermedad de Alzheimer. Medicine - Programa de Formación Médica Continuada Acreditado 10, 5138-5144
CrossRef245
Karen J.Mathewson, Irene E.Drmic, Michelle K.Jetha, Susan E.Bryson, Joel O.Goldberg, Geoffrey B.Hall, Diane L.Santesso, Sidney J.Segalowitz, Louis A.Schmidt. (2011) Behavioral and cardiac responses to emotional stroop in adults with autism spectrum disorders: influence of medication. Autism Research 4:10.1002/aur.v4.2, 98-108
CrossRef246
CliffMcKinney, KimberlyRenk. (2011) Atypical antipsychotic medications in the management of disruptive behaviors in children: Safety guidelines and recommendations. Clinical Psychology Review 31, 465-471
CrossRef247
John W.Devlin, YoannaSkrobik. (2011) Antipsychotics for the Prevention and Treatment of Delirium in the Intensive Care Unit: What Is Their Role?. Harvard Review of Psychiatry 19, 59-67
CrossRef248
JonasBoström, NiklasFalk, ChristianTyrchan. (2011) Exploiting personalized information for reagent selection in drug design. Drug Discovery Today 16, 181-187
CrossRef249
EvaSaar, DimitriGerostamoulos, Olaf H.Drummer, JochenBeyer. (2011) Assessment of the stability of 30 antipsychotic drugs in stored blood specimens. Forensic Science International
CrossRef250
CaroleParsons, KateLapane, NgaireKerse, CarmelHughes. (2011) Prescribing for older people in nursing homes: a review of the key issues. International Journal of Older People Nursing 6, 45-54
CrossRef251
HiroyukiUchida, David C.Mamo. (2011) Balancing Potential Risks and Benefits of Adjunctive Use of Aripiprazole With Risperidone for the Treatment of Schizophrenia. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology 31, 136-137
CrossRef252
G. C.Alexander, S. A.Gallagher, A.Mascola, R. M.Moloney, R. S.Stafford. (2011) Increasing off-label use of antipsychotic medications in the United States, 1995-2008. Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety 20:10.1002/pds.v20.2, 177-184
CrossRef253
AlfonsoCarvajal, Luis H.Martín Arias, NataliaJimeno. Antipsychotic drugs. 2011:, 89-123.
CrossRef254
GiuseppeRaviola, Gary J.Gosselin, Heather J.Walter, David R.DeMaso. Pervasive Developmental Disorders and Childhood Psychosis. 2011:, 100-107.
CrossRef255
SadufRiaz, LouiseBradley, KhalidNawab. (2011) Monitoring of Physical Health in Learning Disability Patients on Antipsychotic Treatment in Lanarkshire, Scotland. The British Journal of Development Disabilities 57, 53-67
CrossRef256
SusanneKraemer, AnetteMinarzyk, ThomasForst, DanielKopf, Hans-PeterHundemer. (2011) Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in patients with schizophrenia, and metabolic changes after 3 months of treatment with antipsychotics - results from a German observational study. BMC Psychiatry 11, 173
CrossRef257
Camilla L.Wong. Investigation and Management of Postoperative Delirium. 2011:, 223-228.
CrossRef258
John E.Morley. (2011) Alzheimer’s Disease: Future Treatments. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association 12, 1-7
CrossRef259
David R.DeMaso, Heather J.Walter. Psychologic Treatment of Children and Adolescents. 2011:, 60-66.e2.
CrossRef260
Vasilios G.Masdrakis, GeorgeTzanoulinos, MariaMarkatou, PanagiotisOulis. (2011) Cardiac safety of the electroconvulsive therapy–paliperidone combination: a preliminary study. General Hospital Psychiatry 33, 83.e9-83.e10
CrossRef261
O.Bonnot, A.Consoli, D.Cohen. (2011) Prescriptions d'antipsychotiques chez l'enfant et l'adolescent. EMC - Psychiatrie 8, 1-9
CrossRef262
PeterWeeke, FredrikFolke, Gunnar H.Gislason, Freddy K.Lippert, Jonas B.Olesen, CharlotteAndersson, Emil L.Fosbøl, Mette G.Charlot, Jørgen K.Kanters, Henrik E.Poulsen, Søren LoumannNielsen, LarsKøber, ChristianTorp-Pedersen. (2010) Pharmacotherapy and hospital admissions before out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: A nationwide study. Resuscitation 81, 1657-1663
CrossRef263
ColemanGross, Christine M.Blasey, Robert L.Roe, Joseph K.Belanoff. (2010) Mifepristone Reduces Weight Gain and Improves Metabolic Abnormalities Associated With Risperidone Treatment in Normal Men. Obesity 18, 2295-2300
CrossRef264
David N.Osser, Lance R.Dunlop. (2010) The Psychopharmacology Algorithm Project at The Harvard South Shore Program. Psychopharm Review 45, 91-98
CrossRef265
ThaddeusWalczak. Risk Factors for Sudden Death in Epilepsy. 2010.
CrossRef266
A.Raglio, G.Bellelli, D.Traficante, M.Gianotti, M.C.Ubezio, S.Gentile, D.Villani, M.Trabucchi. (2010) Efficacy of music therapy treatment based on cycles of sessions: A randomised controlled trial. Aging & Mental Health 14, 900-904
CrossRef267
Joseph H.Friedman. (2010) Parkinson’s disease psychosis 2010: A review article. Parkinsonism & Related Disorders 16, 553-560
CrossRef268
Harvey S.Singer. (2010) Treatment of Tics and Tourette Syndrome. Current Treatment Options in Neurology 12, 539-561
CrossRef269
Thomas JRaedler. (2010) Cardiovascular aspects of antipsychotics. Current Opinion in Psychiatry 23, 574-581
CrossRef270
S. H. L.Thomas, M. D.Drici, G. C.Hall, M. A.Crocq, B.Everitt, M. H.Lader, C. Le.Jeunne, D.Naber, S.Priori, M.Sturkenboom, F.Thibaut, J.Peuskens, A.Mittoux, P.Tanghøj, M.Toumi, N. D.Moore, R. D.Mann. (2010) Safety of sertindole versus risperidone in schizophrenia: principal results of the sertindole cohort prospective study (SCoP). Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 122:10.1111/acp.2010.122.issue-5, 345-355
CrossRef271
Ann LouiseBarrick, Philip D.Sloane, Christianna S.Williams, C. MadelineMitchell, Bettye RoseConnell, WendyWood, Susan E.Hickman, John S.Preisser, SherylZimmerman. (2010) Impact of ambient bright light on agitation in dementia. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 25:10.1002/gps.v25:10, 1013-1021
CrossRef272
Chi-UnPae, Manmohandeep SinghSohi, Ho-JunSeo, AlessandroSerretti, Ashwin A.Patkar, David C.Steffens, Prakash S.Masand. (2010) Quetiapine XR: Current status for the treatment of major depressive disorder. Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry 34, 1165-1173
CrossRef273
Bart C.Kleijer, Eibert R.Heerdink, Toine C.G.Egberts, Paul A.F.Jansen, Rob J.van Marum. (2010) Antipsychotic Drug Use and the Risk of Venous Thromboembolism in Elderly Patients. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology 30, 526-530
CrossRef274
Sleep in patients with parkinsonism and dementia. 2010:, 291-305.
CrossRef275
AmirBadshah, FazalSubhan, KhalidRauf. (2010) Controlled Release Matrix Tablets of Olanzapine: Influence of Polymers on the In Vitro Release and Bioavailability. AAPS PharmSciTech 11, 1397-1404
CrossRef276
Catherine B.Johannes, CristinaVaras-Lorenzo, Lisa J.McQuay, Kirk D.Midkiff, DanielFife. (2010) Risk of serious ventricular arrhythmia and sudden cardiac death in a cohort of users of domperidone: a nested case-control study. Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety 19, 881-888
CrossRef277
RajivTandon, Henry A.Nasrallah, Matcheri S.Keshavan. (2010) Schizophrenia, “Just the Facts” 5. Treatment and prevention Past, present, and future. Schizophrenia Research 122, 1-23
CrossRef278
Chris J.Bushe, MauricioTohen. Bipolar Disorder and Safety Monitoring for Clinicians: A Review of the Evidence and the Implications. 2010:, 367-383.
CrossRef279
EvaSaar, DimitriGerostamoulos, Olaf H.Drummer, JochenBeyer. (2010) Identification and quantification of 30 antipsychotics in blood using LC-MS/MS. Journal of Mass Spectrometry 45, 915-925
CrossRef280
Jae SeungChang, Cheol SungYoo, Sang HoonYi, Kye HyunHong, Yu-SangLee, Hong SeokOh, Dong ChungJung, Yong SikKim, Yong MinAhn. (2010) Changes in heart rate dynamics of patients with schizophrenia treated with risperidone. Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry 34, 924-929
CrossRef281
C.Nordin. (2010) The case for hypoglycaemia as a proarrhythmic event: basic and clinical evidence. Diabetologia 53, 1552-1561
CrossRef282
J. E.Morley. (2010) Clinical practice in nursing homes as a key for progress. The journal of nutrition, health & aging 14, 586-593
CrossRef283
References. 2010:, 165-193.
CrossRef284
Christopher PAlderman, DashaLoutchkina, Anita CAbarno. (2010) Psychotropic drug safety issues: continuing vigilance is needed. Expert Review of Clinical Pharmacology 3, 427-432
CrossRef285
Cecilia P.Chung, Katherine T.Murray, C. MichaelStein, KathiHall, Wayne A.Ray. (2010) A computer case definition for sudden cardiac death. Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety 19:10.1002/pds.v19:6, 563-572
CrossRef286
DanielMines. (2010) Commentary on the validation studies of sudden cardiac death and ventricular arrhythmia by Hennessy et al. and Chung et al.. Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety 19:10.1002/pds.v19:6, 573-575
CrossRef287
Rebecca C.Rossom, Thomas S.Rector, Frank A.Lederle, Maurice W.Dysken. (2010) Are All Commonly Prescribed Antipsychotics Associated with Greater Mortality in Elderly Male Veterans with Dementia?. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 58, 1027-1034
CrossRef288
NadezdaRanceva, WasimAshraf, DejiOdelola. (2010) Antipsychotic Polypharmacy in Outpatients at Birch Hill Hospital: Incidence and Adherence to Guidelines. The Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 50, 699-704
CrossRef289
Charles E.Leonard, Cristin P.Freeman, RajatDeo, CraigNewcomb, Stephen E.Kimmel, Brian L.Strom, Warren B.Bilker, SeanHennessy. (2010) Response to commentary entitled ‘Commentary on the validation studies of sudden cardiac death and ventricular arrhythmia by Hennessy et al. and Chung et al.’. Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety 19:10.1002/pds.v19:6, 576-576
CrossRef290
JonnyOlsson, ÅsaBergman, AndersCarlsten, ThimothyOké, CeciliaBernsten, Ingrid K.Schmidt, JohanFastbom. (2010) Quality of Drug Prescribing in Elderly People in Nursing Homes and Special Care Units for Dementia. Clinical Drug Investigation 30, 289-300
CrossRef291
BrianOlshansky, MarioDelmar, Gordon F.Tomaselli. (2010) The year in arrhythmias—2009 Part II. Heart Rhythm 7, 538-548
CrossRef292
(2010) Aktuell. Psychopraxis 13, 36-41
CrossRef293
Samantha A.Hollingworth, Dan J.Siskind, Lisa M.Nissen, MaxineRobinson, Wayne D.Hall. (2010) Patterns of antipsychotic medication use in Australia 2002–2007. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 44, 372-377
CrossRef294
BrianaMezuk, Nancy E.Morden, DaraGanoczy, Edward P.Post, Amy M.Kilbourne. (2010) Anticonvulsant Use, Bipolar Disorder, and Risk of Fracture Among Older Adults in the Veterans Health Administration. The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 18, 245-255
CrossRef295
YujiOzeki, KumikoFujii, NaokiKurimoto, NaotoYamada, MasakoOkawa, TakesukeAoki, JunTakahashi, NobuyaIshida, MinoruHorie, HiroshiKunugi. (2010) QTc prolongation and antipsychotic medications in a sample of 1017 patients with schizophrenia. Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry 34, 401-405
CrossRef296
Manpreet K.Singh, Terence A.Ketter, Kiki D.Chang. (2010) Atypical Antipsychotics for Acute Manic and Mixed Episodes in Children and Adolescents with Bipolar Disorder. Drugs 70, 433-442
CrossRef297
EitanNahshoni, BorisStrasberg, ShulaImbar, OferRotem, ShayGur, HagaiHermesh, AbarahamWeizman. (2010) Late potentials in the signal-averaged electrocardiogram in schizophrenia patients maintained on antipsychotic agents. European Neuropsychopharmacology 20, 146-152
CrossRef298
MarcDe Hert, Christoph U.Correll, DanCohen. (2010) Do antipsychotic medications reduce or increase mortality in schizophrenia? A critical appraisal of the FIN-11 study. Schizophrenia Research 117, 68-74
CrossRef299
Barbara J.Drew, Michael J.Ackerman, MarjorieFunk, W. BrianGibler, PaulKligfield, VenuMenon, George J.Philippides, Dan M.Roden, WojciechZareba. (2010) Prevention of Torsade de Pointes in Hospital Settings. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 55, 934-947
CrossRef300
StefanWeinmann, VolkmarAderhold. (2010) Antipsychotic medication, mortality and neurodegeneration: The need for more selective use and lower doses. Psychosis 2, 50-69
CrossRef301
A.J.Scheen, B.Gillain, M.De Hert. (2010) Maladie cardiovasculaire et diabète chez les personnes atteintes d’une maladie mentale sévère. Médecine des Maladies Métaboliques 4, 93-102
CrossRef302
Timothy D.Girard, Pratik P.Pandharipande, Shannon S.Carson, Gregory A.Schmidt, Patrick E.Wright, Angelo E.Canonico, Brenda T.Pun, Jennifer L.Thompson, Ayumi K.Shintani, Herbert Y.Meltzer, Gordon R.Bernard, Robert S.Dittus, E WesleyEly. (2010) Feasibility, efficacy, and safety of antipsychotics for intensive care unit delirium: The MIND randomized, placebo-controlled trial*. Critical Care Medicine 38, 428-437
CrossRef303
Jessica J.Jalbert, Charles B.Eaton, Susan C.Miller, Kate L.Lapane. (2010) Antipsychotic Use and the Risk of Hip Fracture Among Older Adults Afflicted With Dementia. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association 11, 120-127
CrossRef304
JenniferRossi, Megan C.Swan, Eric D.Isaacs. (2010) The Violent or Agitated Patient. Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America 28, 235-256
CrossRef305
ChloeLeon, PhilipGerretsen, HiroyukiUchida, TakefumiSuzuki, TarekRajji, David C.Mamo. (2010) Sensitivity to Antipsychotic Drugs in Older Adults. Current Psychiatry Reports 12, 28-33
CrossRef306
J.Langan, P.Shajahan. (2010) Antipsychotic polypharmacy: review of mechanisms, mortality and management. The Psychiatrist 34, 58-62
CrossRef307
ArashAnsari, David N.Osser. (2010) The Psychopharmacology Algorithm Project at the Harvard South Shore Program: An Update on Bipolar Depression. Harvard Review of Psychiatry 18, 36-55
CrossRef308
I.Vogel Kahmann, W.Ruppen, G.Lurati Buse, D.A.Tsakiris, M.Bruggisser. (2010) Langzeitmedikation und perioperatives Management. Der Internist 52:1, 89
CrossRef309
Alissa A.Thomas, Joseph H.Friedman. (2010) Current Use of Clozapine in Parkinson Disease and Related Disorders. Clinical Neuropharmacology 33, 14-16
CrossRef310
&NA;. (2010) Sudden Cardiac Death and Stroke With the Use of Antipsychotic Medications. Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation 25, 68-70
CrossRef311
William E.Falk, Ilse R.Wiechers. Demented Patients. 2010:, 105-118.
CrossRef312
OliverFreudenreich, Donald C.Goff. Psychotic Patients. 2010:, 119-132.
CrossRef313
JürgenGallinat. Pharmakotherapie. 2010:, 267-299.
CrossRef314
RamónRamos-Ríos, ManuelArrojo-Romero, EduardoPaz-Silva, FernandoCarballal-Calvo, José L.Bouzón-Barreiro, JorgeSeoane-Prado, RosarioCodesido-Barcala, AliciaCrespí-Armenteros, RamónFernández-Pérez, Javier D.López-Moríñigo, IgnacioTortajada-Bonaselt, Francisco J.Diaz, Josede Leon. (2010) QTc interval in a sample of long-term schizophrenia inpatients. Schizophrenia Research 116, 35-43
CrossRef315
ClementineNordon, KarinMartin-Latry, Laurencede Roquefeuil, PhilippeLatry, BernardBégaud, BrunoFalissard, FredericRouillon, HeleneVerdoux. (2009) Risk of Death Related to Psychotropic Drug Use in Older People During the European 2003 Heatwave: A Population-Based Case–Control Study. The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 17, 1059-1067
CrossRef316
Alex J.Mitchell. (2009) Do Antipsychotics Cost Lives or Save Lives? Risks Versus Benefits From Large Epidemiological Studies. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology 29, 517-519
CrossRef317
Delmar D.Short, Joanne M.Hawley, Maureen F.McCarthy. (2009) Management of Schizophrenia with Medical Disorders: Cardiovascular, Pulmonary, and Gastrointestinal. Psychiatric Clinics of North America 32, 759-773
CrossRef318
JaeKennedy, Yu YuTien, Lawrence J.Cohen, David AlexanderSclar, DarrenLiu, Elizabeth G.Blodgett, JoshEngle. (2009) The association between class of antipsychotic and rates of hospitalization: Results of a retrospective analysis of data from the 2005 medicare current beneficiary survey. Clinical Therapeutics 31, 2931-2939
CrossRef319
W. Victor R.Vieweg, Mark A.Wood, AntonyFernandez, MaryBeatty-Brooks, MehrulHasnain, Anand K.Pandurangi. (2009) Proarrhythmic Risk with Antipsychotic and Antidepressant Drugs. Drugs & Aging 26, 997-1012
CrossRef320
Dylan P.Murray, MiriamWeiner, MaithriPrabhakar, Jess G.Fiedorowicz. (2009) Mania and mortality: Why the excess cardiovascular risk in bipolar disorder?. Current Psychiatry Reports 11, 475-480
CrossRef321
Russell C.Callaghan, Matthew D.Boire, Roberto G.Lazo, KwameMcKenzie, TonyCohn. (2009) Schizophrenia and the incidence of cardiovascular morbidity: A population-based longitudinal study in Ontario, Canada. Schizophrenia Research 115, 325-332
CrossRef322
Thomas W.McAllister. (2009) Psychopharmacological Issues in the Treatment of TBI and PTSD. The Clinical Neuropsychologist 23, 1338-1367
CrossRef323
J.Karagianis, D.Novick, J.Pecenak, J. M.Haro, M.Dossenbach, T.Treuer, W.Montgomery, R.Walton, A. J.Lowry. (2009) Worldwide-Schizophrenia Outpatient Health Outcomes (W-SOHO): baseline characteristics of pan-regional observational data from more than 17,000 patients*. International Journal of Clinical Practice 63:10.1111/ijcp.2009.63.issue-11, 1578-1588
CrossRef324
KateJolly, Michael D.Gammage, Kar KeungCheng, PeterBradburn, Miriam V.Banting, Michael J. S.Langman. (2009) Sudden death in patients receiving drugs tending to prolong the QT interval. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 68:10.1111/bcp.2009.68.issue-5, 743-751
CrossRef325
Schizophrenia. 2009:, 9-122.
CrossRef326
David D.Dore, Amal N.Trivedi, VincentMor, Joseph H.Friedman, Kate L.Lapane. (2009) Atypical antipsychotic use and risk of fracture in persons with Parkinsonism. Movement Disorders 24:10.1002/mds.v24:13, 1941-1948
CrossRef327
Susan E.Bronskill, Paula A.Rochon, Sudeep S.Gill, NathanHerrmann, Michael P.Hillmer, Chaim M.Bell, Geoffrey M.Anderson, Thérèse A.Stukel. (2009) The Relationship Between Variations in Antipsychotic Prescribing Across Nursing Homes and Short-Term Mortality. Medical Care 47, 1000-1008
CrossRef328
SaraHaack, AngelaSeeringer, Petra AThürmann, ThomasBecker, JuliaKirchheiner. (2009) Sex-specific differences in side effects of psychotropic drugs: genes or gender?. Pharmacogenomics 10, 1511-1526
CrossRef329
Neil E. I.Langlois. (2009) Sudden adult death. Forensic Science, Medicine, and Pathology 5, 210-232
CrossRef330
Ripu D.Jindal, Matcheri S.Keshavan, KevinEklund, AngelaStevens, Debra M.Montrose, Vikram K.Yeragani. (2009) Beat-to-beat heart rate and QT interval variability in first episode neuroleptic-naive psychosis. Schizophrenia Research 113, 176-180
CrossRef331
M.De Hert, J.M.Dekker, D.Wood, K.G.Kahl, R.I.G.Holt, H.-J.Möller. (2009) Cardiovascular disease and diabetes in people with severe mental illness position statement from the European Psychiatric Association (EPA), supported by the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD) and the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). European Psychiatry 24, 412-424
CrossRef332
StefanWeinmann, JohnRead, VolkmarAderhold. (2009) Influence of antipsychotics on mortality in schizophrenia: Systematic review. Schizophrenia Research 113, 1-11
CrossRef333
KemingGao, David VSheehan, Joseph RCalabrese. (2009) Atypical antipsychotics in primary generalized anxiety disorder or comorbid with mood disorders. Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics 9, 1147-1158
CrossRef334
MRobinson, DRowett, ALeverton, VMabbott. (2009) Changes in utilisation of anticholinergic drugs after initiation of cholinesterase inhibitors. Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety 18:10.1002/pds.v18:8, 659-664
CrossRef335
Denise R.Flinn, Kathleen M.Diehl, Lisa S.Seyfried, Preeti N.Malani. (2009) Prevention, Diagnosis, and Management of Postoperative Delirium in Older Adults. Journal of the American College of Surgeons 209, 261-268
CrossRef336
JessicaRobinson-Papp, Kathryn J.Elliott, David M.Simpson. (2009) HIV-related neurocognitive impairment in the HAART era. Current HIV/AIDS Reports 6, 146-152
CrossRef337
John E.Morley. (2009) Polypharmacy in the Nursing Home. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association 10, 289-291
CrossRef338
Owen S.Surman, A BenedictCosimi, AndreaDiMartini. (2009) Psychiatric Care of Patients Undergoing Organ Transplantation. Transplantation 87, 1753-1761
CrossRef339
(2009) Current awareness: Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety. Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety 18, i-x
CrossRef340
(2009) Atypical Antipsychotic Drugs and the Risk of Sudden Cardiac Death. New England Journal of Medicine 360:20, 2136-2138
Free Full Text341
X.Wang, G.Hripcsak, M.Markatou, C.Friedman. (2009) Active Computerized Pharmacovigilance Using Natural Language Processing, Statistics, and Electronic Health Records: A Feasibility Study. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association 16, 328-337
CrossRef342
Neil T.Feldman. (2009) Xyrem® safety: The debate continues. Sleep Medicine 10, 405-406
CrossRef343
PeterBuckley. (2009) Clinical News. Clinical Schizophrenia & Related Psychoses 3, 15-17
CrossRef344
Schneeweiss , Sebastian Avorn , Jerry . (2009) Antipsychotic Agents and Sudden Cardiac Death — How Should We Manage the Risk?. New England Journal of Medicine 360:3, 294-296
Full Text345
Dirk K.Wolter. (2009) Risiken von Antipsychotika im Alter, speziell bei Demenzen<sup>1</sup>. Zeitschrift für Gerontopsychologie & -psychiatrie 22, 17-56
CrossRef
