Original Article
Rivaroxaban versus Enoxaparin for Thromboprophylaxis after Hip Arthroplasty
N Engl J Med 2008; 358:2765-2775June 26, 2008
- Abstract
Background
This phase 3 trial compared the efficacy and safety of rivaroxaban, an oral direct inhibitor of factor Xa, with those of enoxaparin for extended thromboprophylaxis in patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty.
Methods
In this randomized, double-blind study, we assigned 4541 patients to receive either 10 mg of oral rivaroxaban once daily, beginning after surgery, or 40 mg of enoxaparin subcutaneously once daily, beginning the evening before surgery, plus a placebo tablet or injection. The primary efficacy outcome was the composite of deep-vein thrombosis (either symptomatic or detected by bilateral venography if the patient was asymptomatic), nonfatal pulmonary embolism, or death from any cause at 36 days (range, 30 to 42). The main secondary efficacy outcome was major venous thromboembolism (proximal deep-vein thrombosis, nonfatal pulmonary embolism, or death from venous thromboembolism). The primary safety outcome was major bleeding.
Results
A total of 3153 patients were included in the superiority analysis (after 1388 exclusions), and 4433 were included in the safety analysis (after 108 exclusions). The primary efficacy outcome occurred in 18 of 1595 patients (1.1%) in the rivaroxaban group and in 58 of 1558 patients (3.7%) in the enoxaparin group (absolute risk reduction, 2.6%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.5 to 3.7; P<0.001). Major venous thromboembolism occurred in 4 of 1686 patients (0.2%) in the rivaroxaban group and in 33 of 1678 patients (2.0%) in the enoxaparin group (absolute risk reduction, 1.7%; 95% CI, 1.0 to 2.5; P<0.001). Major bleeding occurred in 6 of 2209 patients (0.3%) in the rivaroxaban group and in 2 of 2224 patients (0.1%) in the enoxaparin group (P=0.18).
Conclusions
A once-daily, 10-mg oral dose of rivaroxaban was significantly more effective for extended thromboprophylaxis than a once-daily, 40-mg subcutaneous dose of enoxaparin in patients undergoing elective total hip arthroplasty. The two drugs had similar safety profiles. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00329628.)
Media in This Article
Figure 1
Enrollment and Outcomes.Table 1
Criteria for the Exclusion of Patients from Analyses.Article Activity
- Article
Prophylactic anticoagulant therapy is standard practice after total hip or knee arthroplasty, with a minimum recommended duration of 10 days.1 After total hip arthroplasty, extended prophylaxis for 5 weeks after surgery reduces the incidence of symptomatic and asymptomatic venous thromboembolism more effectively than does short-term prophylaxis. 2 New deep-vein thromboses have been shown to form after the discontinuation of short-term prophylaxis.3 Several meta-analyses suggest that extended thromboprophylaxis after total hip arthroplasty leads to a reduction in symptomatic venous thromboembolic events, without increasing the risk of major bleeding.4-6 These findings led to a grade 1A recommendation for extended thromboprophylaxis after total hip arthroplasty in the guidelines of the American College of Chest Physicians. 1
The current options for extended thromboprophylaxis are limited. Low-molecular-weight heparin preparations reduce thromboembolic events but need to be administered subcutaneously, and their cost-effectiveness has been shown only if patients or caregivers can be taught to inject the medication at home.7,8 Vitamin K antagonists, such as warfarin, have unpredictable pharmacologic effects and numerous food and drug interactions, require frequent monitoring, and are therefore difficult to manage.9 Furthermore, there is evidence to suggest that the incidence of major bleeding is greater with vitamin K antagonists than with low-molecular-weight heparin preparations given after total hip arthroplasty.10
Rivaroxaban is an oral direct inhibitor of factor Xa. The oral bioavailability of rivaroxaban is approximately 80%, and peak plasma concentrations are achieved in 2.5 to 4 hours.11,12 Recent dose-finding studies in patients undergoing major orthopedic surgery showed a close correlation between the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic effects of rivaroxaban and suggested that a 10-mg dose of rivaroxaban once daily was suitable for investigation in phase 3 trials.13-17
Our study, called Regulation of Coagulation in Orthopedic Surgery to Prevent Deep Venous Thrombosis and Pulmonary Embolism 1 (RECORD1), was a randomized, multinational, double-blind trial conducted to assess the efficacy and safety of a postoperative 10-mg oral dose of rivaroxaban given once daily as compared with a 40-mg subcutaneous dose of enoxaparin (a low-molecular-weight heparin), with the first dose given the evening before surgery and subsequent doses given once daily, for extended thromboprophylaxis after total hip arthroplasty.
Methods
Patients
Men and women of at least 18 years of age who were scheduled to undergo elective total hip arthroplasty were eligible for inclusion. Patients were ineligible if they were scheduled to undergo staged, bilateral hip arthroplasty, were pregnant or breast-feeding, had active bleeding or a high risk of bleeding, or had a contraindication for prophylaxis with enoxaparin or a condition that might require an adjusted dose of enoxaparin. Other ineligibility criteria were conditions preventing bilateral venography, substantial liver disease, severe renal impairment (creatinine clearance, <30 ml per minute), concomitant use of protease inhibitors for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus infection, planned intermittent pneumatic compression, or a requirement for anticoagulant therapy that could not be stopped.
Study Design and Drugs
Before surgery, patients were randomly assigned to a study group with the use of permuted blocks and stratification according to center by means of a central telephone system with a computer-generated randomization list. In a double-blind fashion, patients were assigned to receive either once-daily oral rivaroxaban in 10-mg tablets (Xarelto, Bayer HealthCare) or 40 mg of enoxaparin sodium administered by subcutaneous injection (Clexane/Lovenox, Sanofi-Aventis). Rivaroxaban was started 6 to 8 hours after wound closure. Enoxaparin was initiated 12 hours before surgery and restarted 6 to 8 hours after wound closure. Thereafter, study drugs were administered every 24 hours (range, 22 to 26) in the evening through day 35 (range, 31 to 39) after surgery (with the day of surgery defined as day 1). Patients also received placebo tablets or injections.
Patients underwent mandatory bilateral venography the day after the last dose of the study drug, at 36 days (range, 30 to 42). No further study medication was given after venography, although further thromboprophylaxis was continued at the investigator's discretion. Patients had a follow-up visit 30 to 35 days after the last dose of the study drug.
The trial was performed in accordance with the provisions of the Declaration of Helsinki and local regulations. The protocol was approved by the institutional review board at each center, and written informed consent was obtained from all patients before randomization.
The study was designed and supervised by a steering committee. The data were collected and analyzed by the sponsors of the study, Bayer HealthCare and Johnson & Johnson. All authors contributed to the writing of the manuscript, had full access to all the data and analyses, and vouch for the accuracy and completeness of the data reported.
Outcome Measures
All outcomes were assessed by central independent adjudication committees whose members were unaware of the patients' study-group assignments. The primary efficacy outcome was the composite of any deep-vein thrombosis, nonfatal pulmonary embolism, or death from any cause up to 36 days (range, 30 to 42). The main secondary efficacy outcome was major venous thromboembolism, which was defined as the composite of proximal deep-vein thrombosis, nonfatal pulmonary embolism, or death from venous thromboembolism. Other efficacy outcomes included the incidence of deep-vein thrombosis (any thrombosis, including both proximal and distal), the incidence of symptomatic venous thromboembolism during treatment and follow-up (30 to 35 days after the last dose of a study drug), and death during the follow-up period.
Deep-vein thrombosis was assessed at 36 days (range, 30 to 42) or earlier if the patient was symptomatic, by means of systematic ascending, bilateral venography with the use of the Rabinov and Paulin technique.18 In cases of suspected pulmonary embolism, spiral computed tomography, perfusion–ventilation lung scintigraphy, or pulmonary angiography was performed, and the films or images were sent to the central adjudication committee. Autopsies were requested in the event of a patient's death.
The main safety outcome was the incidence of major bleeding beginning after the first dose of the study drug and up to 2 days after the last dose of the study drug (on-treatment period). Major bleeding was defined as bleeding that was fatal, occurred in a critical organ (e.g., retroperitoneal, intracranial, intraocular, and intraspinal bleeding), or required reoperation or extrasurgical-site bleeding that was clinically overt and was associated with a fall in the hemoglobin level of at least 2 g per deciliter or that required transfusion of 2 or more units of whole blood or packed cells. Other safety outcomes included any on-treatment bleeding, any on-treatment nonmajor bleeding, hemorrhagic wound complications (a composite of excessive wound hematoma and reported surgical-site bleeding), any bleeding that started after the first oral dose of rivaroxaban or placebo and ended up to 2 days after the last dose was administered, adverse events, and death.
During the study and at follow-up, laboratory variables, including liver enzymes, and cardiovascular events were monitored. Cardiovascular events occurring up to 1 calendar day after the cessation of the study drug were classified as on-treatment events.
Statistical Analysis
The aim of the trial was first to test the null hypothesis that the efficacy of rivaroxaban was inferior to that of enoxaparin in the per-protocol population. If noninferiority was shown, a second analysis would determine whether the efficacy of rivaroxaban was superior to that of enoxaparin in the modified intention-to-treat population.
The modified intention-to-treat analysis included patients who had undergone planned surgery, had taken a study drug, and had undergone an adequate assessment for thromboembolism. These patients were included in the per-protocol analysis, provided they had no major deviation from the protocol (for details, see Table 1Table 1
Criteria for the Exclusion of Patients from Analyses.). The safety analysis included patients who had received at least one dose of a study drug. Patients were included in the assessment for major venous thromboembolism if the proximal veins could be evaluated on venography, regardless of whether the distal veins could be evaluated.The primary efficacy analysis was conducted for noninferiority in the per-protocol population and for superiority in the modified intention-to-treat population. The difference between the incidence rates in the rivaroxaban group and the enoxaparin group was estimated by stratification according to country, with the use of Mantel–Haenszel weighting with a corresponding asymptotic two-sided 95% confidence interval. Testing for noninferiority and testing for superiority were both based on the 95% confidence interval. The threshold for the noninferiority test was an absolute margin of 3.5% for the primary efficacy outcome and an absolute margin of 1.5% for major venous thromboembolism.
The sample-size calculation was based on an assumed rate of 8% for the primary efficacy outcome with both study drugs and a noninferiority threshold of 3.5%. If these assumptions were correct, 1562 patients per study group would be sufficient to show noninferiority with a power of 95% and a one-sided type I error rate of 2.5%. It was assumed that 25% of patients would not have valid venograms, resulting in a target sample size of 4200 patients.
The analysis of the difference in the incidence of major bleeding between the study groups was performed in the same manner as that of efficacy; other safety outcomes were analyzed with the use of appropriate descriptive methods. For sex and other categorical variables, the two study groups were compared with the use of a Cochran–Mantel–Haenszel test, adjusted for country. For continuous variables, the groups were compared by analysis of variance. All reported P values are two-sided, with a type I error rate of 5%. No interim analyses were planned.
Results
Study Populations
Between February 2006 and March 2007, a total of 4591 patients were enrolled in 27 countries worldwide (Figure 1Figure 1
Enrollment and Outcomes.). A total of 3029 patients were included in the per-protocol population, and 3153 were included in the modified intention-to-treat population. The reasons for exclusion from the various analyses were similar between the two groups (Table 1). Demographic and surgical characteristics were also similar between the two groups (Table 2Table 2
Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of the Patients (Safety Population).). The mean duration of prophylaxis was 33.4 days in the rivaroxaban group and 33.7 days in the enoxaparin group (safety population).Efficacy Outcomes
In the per-protocol population, the primary efficacy outcome occurred in 13 of 1537 patients (0.8%) in the rivaroxaban group and in 50 of 1492 patients (3.4%) in the enoxaparin group (weighted risk reduction in the rivaroxaban group, 2.5 percentage points; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.5 to 3.6). This analysis showed the noninferiority of rivaroxaban, as compared with enoxaparin. In the modified intention-to-treat population, the primary efficacy outcome occurred in 18 of 1595 patients (1.1%) in the rivaroxaban group and in 58 of 1558 patients (3.7%) in the enoxaparin group (weighted risk reduction, 2.6 percentage points; 95% CI, 1.5 to 3.7; P<0.001; relative risk reduction, 70%; 95% CI, 49 to 82; P<0.001) (Table 3Table 3
Incidence of Efficacy Events (Modified Intention-to-Treat Population).). This analysis showed the superiority of rivaroxaban, as compared with enoxaparin.In the per-protocol population, major venous thromboembolism occurred in 2 of 1622 patients (0.1%) in the rivaroxaban group and in 29 of 1604 patients (1.8%) in the enoxaparin group (weighted risk reduction in the rivaroxaban group, 1.7 percentage points; 95% CI, 1.0 to 2.4). This analysis showed the noninferiority of rivaroxaban, as compared with enoxaparin. In the modified intention-to-treat population, major venous thromboembolism occurred in 4 of 1686 patients (0.2%) in the rivaroxaban group and in 33 of 1678 patients (2.0%) in the enoxaparin group (weighted risk reduction, 1.7 percentage points; 95% CI, 1.0 to 2.5; P<0.001; relative risk reduction, 88%; 95% CI, 66 to 96; P<0.001) (Table 3). This analysis showed the superiority of rivaroxaban, as compared with enoxaparin.
The observed rates of symptomatic venous thromboembolism among patients undergoing surgery who were included in the safety analysis were similar in the rivaroxaban group and the enoxaparin group (0.3% and 0.5%, respectively) (Table 3). During the treatment period, there were four deaths in each group in the safety population (0.2%). On the basis of adjudication, in the rivaroxaban group, two deaths were possibly related to venous thromboembolism, and two deaths were unrelated to venous thromboembolism; in the enoxaparin group, one death was related to venous thromboembolism, and three deaths were unrelated to venous thromboembolism. During the follow-up period, in the rivaroxaban group, one patient had symptomatic proximal deep-vein thrombosis and one patient died from causes unrelated to venous thromboembolism; in the enoxaparin group, three patients had symptomatic proximal deep-vein thrombosis and one patient had distal deep-vein thrombosis.
Safety Outcomes
Major bleeding occurred in 6 of 2209 patients (0.3%) in the rivaroxaban group and in 2 of 2224 patients (0.1%) patients in the enoxaparin group (unweighted absolute increase in risk in the rivaroxaban group, 0.2%; 95% CI, −0.1 to 0.5) (Table 4Table 4
Adverse Events (Safety Population). and Table 5Table 5
On-Treatment Major Bleeding Events (Safety Population).). In the rivaroxaban group, there was one fatal bleeding event, which occurred before the administration of the first dose of rivaroxaban, and one intraocular bleeding event, which resolved without discontinuation of rivaroxaban (Table 5). The combined incidence of major and clinically relevant nonmajor bleeding events was 3.2% (70 of 2209 patients) in the rivaroxaban group and 2.5% (56 of 2224 patients) in the enoxaparin group (weighted absolute increase in risk, 0.6%; 95% CI, –0.4 to 1.6). The incidence of hemorrhagic wound complications was similar in the two groups, occurring in 1.5% of patients in the rivaroxaban group and in 1.7% of patients in the enoxaparin group. The number of patients receiving blood transfusions and the median amount of blood in the postoperative drain were similar in the two groups, as was the incidence of all bleeding events (Table 4).Other Observations
Rivaroxaban and enoxaparin were associated with a similar number of adverse events (Table 4; and Table 1 in the Supplementary Appendix, available with the full text of this article at www.nejm.org). An on-treatment elevation in the plasma alanine aminotransferase level (i.e., a level of more than three times the upper limit of the normal range) occurred in 43 of 2128 patients (2.0%) in the rivaroxaban group, with all cases resolving by the end of the follow-up period, and in 57 of 2129 patients (2.7%) in the enoxaparin group, with all cases resolving by the end of the follow-up period (with no follow-up data available for 1 patient who withdrew from the study). One patient in each group had an elevated alanine aminotransferase level and a concomitant bilirubin level of more than twice the upper limit of the normal range. The liver enzyme levels resolved with continued administration of rivaroxaban and with the discontinuation of enoxaparin, according to the prespecified criteria. During the entire study period, 13 cardiovascular events occurred in 11 patients in the rivaroxaban group, and 10 events occurred in 10 patients in the enoxaparin group. Of these cardiovascular events, on-treatment events occurred in five patients in the rivaroxaban group and in nine patients in the enoxaparin group; during follow-up, eight events occurred in seven patients in the rivaroxaban group, and one patient had an event in the enoxaparin group (Table 4).
Discussion
This trial showed that oral, once-daily rivaroxaban has potential for extended thromboprophylaxis after total hip arthroplasty. Rivaroxaban was significantly more effective than enoxaparin for the prevention of venous thromboembolic events. Among patients receiving rivaroxaban, as compared with those receiving enoxaparin, there was an absolute risk reduction of 2.6% (relative risk reduction, 70%) for the primary efficacy outcome of deep-vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, or death from any cause and an absolute risk reduction of 1.7% (relative risk reduction, 88%) for major venous thromboembolism.
The superior efficacy of rivaroxaban was not associated with any significant increases in the incidence of major bleeding or any other bleeding events. The number of major bleeding events in this study was lower than that reported in several other studies,19-21 which may be due, in part, to the difference in definitions of bleeding that were used in the various studies. Almost half the patients who undergo this type of surgical procedure require a transfusion of 2 or more units of blood.15,16,22-24 In our study, the inclusion of a secondary bleeding outcome, hemorrhagic wound complication (which encompassed surgical-site bleeding and excessive wound hematoma), allowed such events to be reported, and there was no significant difference in bleeding outcomes between the two groups. There were similar incidences of elevated liver enzyme levels in the two groups during the 5-week on-treatment period.
As in most other phase 3 clinical trials of thromboprophylaxis in orthopedic patients, the patients who were included in the efficacy analysis did not include those who did not undergo an adequate assessment (i.e., venography) for the presence or absence of deep-vein thrombosis.25,26 In our study, 67% of the patients were included in the per-protocol population. Because the number of valid venograms was smaller than expected, the steering committee increased the recruitment of patients beyond the planned 4200 patients to more than 4500 patients to maintain the statistical power of the trial.
Several sensitivity analyses were performed to ensure that missing data did not affect the power of the trial or bias the outcome. These analyses supported the main finding of the study that there was a significant reduction in the incidence of the primary outcome in patients receiving rivaroxaban, as compared with those receiving enoxaparin. When all adjudicated events — positive results on venography, symptomatic events, and deaths — and all venograms that were adjudicated to show no deep-vein thrombosis were considered (regardless of whether they occurred outside the predefined time windows), the weighted absolute risk reduction for the primary outcome in the rivaroxaban group, as compared with the enoxaparin group, was 2.7% (95% CI, 1.6 to 3.8). Furthermore, in cases in which the assessment of the central adjudication committee was not clear and all available assessments by investigators were included in addition to the above analysis, the weighted absolute risk reduction was 3.0% (95% CI, 1.8 to 4.1) in the rivaroxaban group, as compared with the enoxaparin group. Thus, our study showed that extended thromboprophylaxis with 10 mg of rivaroxaban once daily for 5 weeks resulted in a very low incidence of thrombosis, with a safety profile similar to that of enoxaparin.
Supported by Bayer HealthCare and Johnson & Johnson.
Drs. Eriksson, Borris, Friedman, Haas, Huisman, Kakkar, and Geerts report receiving consulting fees from Bayer HealthCare; Drs. Eriksson and Geerts, lecture fees from Bayer HealthCare; Dr. Eriksson, lecture fees from Chameleon Communications; Dr. Friedman, grant support from Bayer HealthCare, Boehringer Ingelheim, and Pfizer, consulting fees from Boehringer Ingelheim and Astella, and lecture fees from Sanofi-Aventis; Dr. Haas, consulting fees from Boehringer Ingelheim and lecture fees from Sanofi-Aventis and GlaxoSmithKline; Drs. Bandel, Beckmann, Muehlhofer, and Misselwitz, being employees of Bayer HealthCare; Dr. Misselwitz, having an equity interest in Bayer HealthCare and being a coauthor of one rivaroxaban patent; Dr. Geerts, receiving consulting fees from Eisai, GlaxoSmithKline, Eli Lilly, Pfizer, Roche, and Sanofi-Aventis, lecture fees from Calca, Oryx, Pfizer, and Sanofi-Aventis, and grant support from Sanofi-Aventis.
No other potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.
We thank Toby Allinson and Clare Ryles for their editorial assistance in the preparation of the manuscript.
Source Information
From Sahlgrenska University Hospital–Östra, Gothenburg, Sweden (B.I.E.); Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark (L.C.B.); Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (R.J.F.); Institute of Experimental Oncology and Therapy Research, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany (S.H.); Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands (M.V.H.); Thrombosis Research Institute, and Barts and the London School of Medicine, London (A.K.K.); Bayer HealthCare, Wuppertal, Germany (T.J.B., H.B., E.M., F.M.); and University of Toronto, Toronto (W.G.).
Address reprint requests to Dr. Eriksson at the Orthopedic Department, Sahlgrenska University Hospital–Östra, Smorslottsgatan 1, SE-41685 Gothenburg, Sweden, or at b.eriksson@orthop.gu.se.
Members of the Regulation of Coagulation in Orthopedic Surgery to Prevent Deep Venous Thrombosis and Pulmonary Embolism 1 (RECORD1) Study Group are listed in the Appendix.
Appendix
The members of the RECORD1 Study Group were the following: Steering Committee: B.I. Eriksson (chair, Sweden), L.C. Borris (Denmark), R.J. Friedman (United States), W. Geerts (Canada), S. Haas (Germany), M.V. Huisman (the Netherlands), A.K. Kakkar (United Kingdom), E. Muehlhofer (Germany); Independent Central Adjudication Committee: M. Levine (Canada) on behalf of the committee; Venous Thromboembolic Event Adjudication Committee: H. Eriksson (Sweden), G. Sandrgen (Sweden), J. Wallin (Sweden); Cardiovascular Adverse Event Adjudication Committee: C. Bode (chair, Germany), J.P. Bassand (France), T. Lüscher (Switzerland); Bleeding Event Adjudication Committee: U. Angeras (Sweden), A. Falk (Sweden), M. Prins (the Netherlands); Data and Safety Monitoring Board: A. Leizorovicz (chair, France), H. Bounameaux (Switzerland), D. Larrey (France); Bayer HealthCare, Germany: Study Management: A. Migge; Statistical Analysis: H. Beckmann; Medical Expert: E. Muehlhofer.
Investigators: Argentina (91 patients) — H. Caviglia, J. Ceresetto, A. Cicchetti, A. D'Onofrio, A. Diaz, H. Mendler, J. Saa; Australia (73 patients) — P. Blombery, B. Chong, A. Gallus, M. Leahy, H. Salem; Austria (305 patients) — N. Bauer, N. Boehl, N. Freund, J. Hochreiter, M. Jakubek, G. Labek, R. Windhager, P. Zenz; Belgium (217 patients) — T. Borms, C. Brabants, J. Colinet, J. de Rycke, R. Driesen, P. Gunst, H. Mortele, L. van Loon, E. Vandermeersch, D. Vanlommel; Brazil (118 patients) — R. Dantas Queiroz, M. Fridman, J. Mezzalira Penedo, C. Schwartsmann; Canada (139 patients) — F. Abuzgaya, E. Belzile, C. Dobson, W. Fisher, P. Grosso, M. Mant, R. Pototschnik, S. Solymoss, P. Zalzal; Chile (18 patients) — S. Bittelman, M. Cordova; Colombia (48 patients) — A. Reyes, C. Rocha, D. Toledo; Czech Republic (278 patients) — J. Altschul, J. Fousek, K. Koudela, Z. Kriz, M. Lutonsky, M. Pach, P. Sedivy, J. Stehlik, M. Svagr, M. Svec; Denmark (150 patients) — O.A. Borgwardt, P. Joergensen, M.R. Lassen, G. Lausten, S. Mikkelsen; Finland (115 patients) — P. Jokipii, M. Pesola, P. Waris; France (235 patients) — J.M. Debue, C. Forestier, G. Hennion, T. Lazard, P. Macaire, J.Y. Maire, A. Marouan, X. Maschino, Y. Matuszczak, J.P. Moulinie, M. Osman, A. Peron, J.J. Pinson; Germany (311 patients) — W. Birkner, M. Buechler, J. Eulert, H.M. Fritsche, K.P. Guen, A. Halder, T. Horacek, A. Kiekenbeck, F. Kleinfeld, R. Krauspe, A. Kurth, K. Labs, W. Mittelme, P. Mouret, B. Muehlbauer, M. Quante, H. Schmelz, T. Wirth; Greece (30 patients) — G. Babis, A. Beldekos, P. Soukakos; Hungary (272 patients) — L. Bucsi, E. Lenart, G. Mike, A. Sarvary, F. Shafiei, A. Szenbeni, M. Szendroi, J. Toth, K. Toth; Israel (117 patients) — V. Benkovich, B. Brenner, S. Dekel, N. Halperin, D. Hendel, U. Martinovich, M. Nyska, M. Salai; Italy (304 patients) — B. Borghi, M. Bosco, C. Castelli, P. Cherubino, F. Franchin, G. Fraschini, F. Greco, P. Grossi, M. Gusso, R. Landolfi, T. Leali, C. Lodigiani, E. Marinoni, U. Martorana, L. Massari, G. Melis, A. Miletto, P. Parise, G. Rinaldi, R. Riva, M. Silingardi; Lithuania (128 patients) — N. Porvaneckas, A. Smailys; the Netherlands (199 patients) — C.N. Dijk, P.A. Nolte, H.M. Schuller, R. Slappendel, J.J.J. van der List, C.C.P.M. Verheyen, H.M. Vis; Norway (89 patients) — O. Aarseth, K. Al-Dekany, P. Borgen, R.E. Roenning, O. Talsnes; Poland (702 patients) — A. Bednarek, J. Blacha, J. Deszczyski, J. Dutka, T. Gazdzik, E. Golec, A. Gorecki, A. Gusta, M. Krasicki, J. Kruczyski, D. Kusz, K. Kwiatkowsk, S. Mazurkiewi, T. Niedwiedzki, A. Pozowski, J. Skowronski, R. Swaton, M. Synder, T. Tkaczyk; Slovakia (54 patients) — L. Knapec, M. Lisy, I. Stasko; South Africa (51 patients) — J. Engelbrecht, H. Myburgh, L. van Zyl; Spain (201 patients) — R. Canosa Sevillano, A. Delgado, J.L. Diaz Almodovar, J. Giros Torres, X. Granero, F. Gomar, R. Lecumberri Villamedi, A. Navarro Quiles, R. Otero Fernandez, J. Paz Jimenez, L. Peidro Garces, J. Pino Minguez, L. Puig Verdier, A. Ruiz Sanchez, Á. Salvador, J.C. Valdes Casas; Sweden (86 patients) — B.I. Eriksson, H. Laestander, J. Liliequist, S. Lind, B. Paulsson, A. Wykman; Turkey (80 patients) — F. Altintas, T. Esemelli, V. Karatosun, E. Togrul, R. Tozun; United States (180 patients) — D. Allmacher, C. Buettner, C. Colwell, Jr., R. Friedman, J. Gimbel, M. Jove, R. King, K. Martin, R. Murray, P. Peters, Jr., S. Sledge, J. Swappach, O. Taunton, Jr., J. Ward.
- References
References
1
Geerts WH ,Pineo GF ,Heit JA , et al. Prevention of venous thromboembolism: the Seventh ACCP Conference on Antithrombotic and Thrombolytic Therapy. Chest 2004;126:Suppl:338S-400S
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline2
Bergqvist D ,Benoni G ,Bjorgell O , et al. Low-molecular-weight heparin (enoxaparin) as prophylaxis against venous thromboembolism after total hip replacement. N Engl J Med 1996;335:696-700
Full Text | Web of Science | Medline3
Planes A ,Vochelle N ,Darmon JY ,Fagola M ,Bellaud M ,Huet Y . Risk of deep-venous thrombosis after hospital discharge in patients having undergone total hip replacement: double-blind randomised comparison of enoxaparin versus placebo. Lancet 1996;348:224-228
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline4
Eikelboom JW ,Quinlan DJ ,Douketis JD . Extended-duration prophylaxis against venous thromboembolism after total hip or knee replacement: a meta-analysis of the randomised trials. Lancet 2001;358:9-15
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline5
Hull RD ,Pineo GF ,Stein PD , et al. Extended out-of-hospital low-molecular-weight heparin prophylaxis against deep venous thrombosis in patients after elective hip arthroplasty: a systematic review. Ann Intern Med 2001;135:858-869
Web of Science | Medline6
O'Donnell M ,Linkins LA ,Kearon C ,Julian J ,Hirsh J . Reduction of out-of-hospital symptomatic venous thromboembolism by extended thromboprophylaxis with low-molecular-weight heparin following elective hip arthroplasty: a systematic review. Arch Intern Med 2003;163:1362-1366
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline7
Davies LM ,Richardson GA ,Cohen AT . Economic evaluation of enoxaparin as postdischarge prophylaxis for deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in elective hip surgery. Value Health 2000;3:397-406
CrossRef | Medline8
Dahl OE ,Pleil AM . Investment in prolonged thromboprophylaxis with dalteparin improves clinical outcomes after hip replacement. J Thromb Haemost 2003;1:896-906
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline9
Ansell J ,Hirsh J ,Poller L ,Bussey H ,Jacobson A ,Hylek E . The pharmacology and management of the vitamin K antagonists: the Seventh ACCP Conference on Antithrombotic and Thrombolytic Therapy. Chest 2004;126:Suppl:204S-233S[Erratum, Chest 2005;127:415-6.]
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline10
Samama CM ,Vray M ,Barre J , et al. Extended venous thromboembolism prophylaxis after total hip replacement: a comparison of low-molecular-weight heparin with oral anticoagulant. Arch Intern Med 2002;162:2191-2196
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline11
Kubitza D ,Becka M ,Voith B ,Zuehlsdorf M ,Wensing G . Safety, pharmacodynamics, and pharmacokinetics of single doses of BAY 59-7939, an oral, direct factor Xa inhibitor. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2005;78:412-421
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline12
Kubitza D ,Becka M ,Wensing G ,Voith B ,Zuehlsdorf M . Safety, pharmacodynamics, and pharmacokinetics of BAY 59-7939 -- an oral, direct Factor Xa inhibitor -- after multiple dosing in healthy male subjects. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2005;61:873-880
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline13
Eriksson BI ,Borris LC ,Dahl OE , et al. Dose-escalation study of rivaroxaban (BAY 59-7939) -- an oral, direct Factor Xa inhibitor -- for the prevention of venous thromboembolism in patients undergoing total hip replacement. Thromb Res 2007;120:685-693
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline14
Turpie AG ,Fisher WD ,Bauer KA , et al. BAY 59-7939: an oral, direct factor Xa inhibitor for the prevention of venous thromboembolism in patients after total knee replacement: a phase II dose-ranging study. J Thromb Haemost 2005;3:2479-2486
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline15
Eriksson BI ,Borris L ,Dahl OE , et al. Oral, direct factor Xa inhibition with BAY 59-7939 for the prevention of venous thromboembolism after total hip replacement. J Thromb Haemost 2006;4:121-128
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline16
Eriksson BI ,Borris LC ,Dahl OE , et al. A once-daily, oral, direct Factor Xa inhibitor, rivaroxaban (BAY 59-7939), for thromboprophylaxis after total hip replacement. Circulation 2006;114:2374-2381
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline17
Mueck W ,Eriksson BI ,Bauer KA , et al. Population pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of rivaroxaban -- an oral, direct Factor Xa inhibitor -- in patients undergoing major orthopaedic surgery. Clin Pharmacokinet 2008;47:203-216
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline18
Rabinov K ,Paulin S . Roentgen diagnosis of venous thrombosis in the leg. Arch Surg 1972;104:134-144
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline19
Eriksson BI ,Dahl OE ,Rosencher N , et al. Dabigatran etexilate versus enoxaparin for prevention of venous thromboembolism after total hip replacement: a randomised, double-blind, non-inferiority trial. Lancet 2007;370:949-956[Erratum, Lancet 2007;370:2004.]
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline20
Turpie AG ,Bauer KA ,Eriksson BI ,Lassen MR . Fondaparinux vs enoxaparin for the prevention of venous thromboembolism in major orthopedic surgery: a meta-analysis of 4 randomized double-blind studies. Arch Intern Med 2002;162:1833-1840
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline21
Eriksson BI ,Agnelli G ,Cohen AT , et al. The direct thrombin inhibitor melagatran followed by oral ximelagatran compared with enoxaparin for the prevention of venous thromboembolism after total hip or knee replacement: the EXPRESS study. J Thromb Haemost 2003;1:2490-2496
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline22
Eriksson BI ,Agnelli G ,Cohen AT , et al. Direct thrombin inhibitor melagatran followed by oral ximelagatran in comparison with enoxaparin for prevention of venous thromboembolism after total hip or knee replacement. Thromb Haemost 2003;89:288-296
Web of Science | Medline23
Eriksson BI ,Bauer KA ,Lassen MR ,Turpie AGG . Fondaparinux compared with enoxaparin for the prevention of venous thromboembolism after hip-fracture surgery. N Engl J Med 2001;345:1298-1304
Full Text | Web of Science | Medline24
Rosencher N ,Kerkkamp HE ,Macheras G , et al. Orthopedic Surgery Transfusion Hemoglobin European Overview (OSTHEO) study: blood management in elective knee and hip arthroplasty in Europe. Transfusion 2003;43:459-469
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline25
Comp PC ,Spiro TE ,Friedman RJ , et al. Prolonged enoxaparin therapy to prevent venous thromboembolism after primary hip or knee replacement. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2001;83:336-345
Web of Science | Medline26
Eriksson BI ,Dahl OE ,Rosencher N , et al. Dabigatran etexilate versus enoxaparin for prevention of venous thromboembolism after total hip replacement: a randomised, double-blind, non-inferiority trial. Lancet 2007;370:949-956[Erratum, Lancet 2007;370:2004.]
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline
- Citing Articles (228)
Citing Articles
1
Jacques E. Chelly. (2012) Thromboprophylaxis and Regional Anesthesia in the Ambulatory Setting. International Anesthesiology Clinics 49:4, 166-173
CrossRef2
Jawed Fareed, Indermohan Thethi, Debra Hoppensteadt. (2012) Old Versus New Oral Anticoagulants: Focus on Pharmacology. Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology 52:1, 79-99
CrossRef3
Nadia Rosencher, Pierre Albaladejo. (2012) A new approach with anticoagulant development: tailoring anticoagulant therapy with dabigatran etexilate according to patient risk. Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy 13:2, 217-226
CrossRef4
William M. Weightman, Neville M. Gibbs. (2012) Management of coagulation. Current Opinion in Anaesthesiology 25:1, 86-95
CrossRef5
Alexander G.G. Turpie. (2012) Rivaroxaban for the prevention and treatment of venous thromboembolism. Fundamental & Clinical Pharmacology 26:1, 33-38
CrossRef6
Rupert M. Bauersachs. (2012) Use of anticoagulants in elderly patients. Thrombosis Research 129:2, 107-115
CrossRef7
Aurea Duran, Nishan Sengupta, Alexander Diamantopoulos, Fiona Forster, Louis Kwong, Michael Lees. (2012) Cost Effectiveness of Rivaroxaban versus Enoxaparin for Prevention of Post-Surgical Venous Thromboembolism from a US Payerʼs Perspective. PharmacoEconomics 30:2, 87-101
CrossRef8
Sean T. Duggan. (2012) Rivaroxaban. American Journal Cardiovascular Drugs 12:1, 57-72
CrossRef9
Mega, Jessica L., Braunwald, Eugene, Wiviott, Stephen D., Bassand, Jean-Pierre, Bhatt, Deepak L., Bode, Christoph, Burton, Paul, Cohen, Marc, Cook-Bruns, Nancy, Fox, Keith A.A., Goto, Shinya, Murphy, Sabina A., Plotnikov, Alexei N., Schneider, David, Sun, Xiang, Verheugt, Freek W.A., Gibson, C. Michael, . (2012) Rivaroxaban in Patients with a Recent Acute Coronary Syndrome. New England Journal of Medicine 366:1, 9-19
Full Text10
Bengt I. Eriksson, Nadia Rosencher, Richard J. Friedman, Martin Homering, Ola E. Dahl. (2012) Concomitant use of medication with antiplatelet effects in patients receiving either rivaroxaban or enoxaparin after total hip or knee arthroplasty. Thrombosis Research
CrossRef11
David A. Garcia. (2012) Benefits and risks of oral anticoagulation for stroke prevention in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. Thrombosis Research 129:1, 9-16
CrossRef12
Cecilia Becattini, Maria Cristina Vedovati, Giancarlo Agnelli. (2012) Old and new oral anticoagulants for venous thromboembolism and atrial fibrillation: A review of the literature. Thrombosis Research
CrossRef13
Ferran García-Bragado Dalmau. (2012) La medicina actual ante los anticoagulantes de nueva generación. Medicina Clínica
CrossRef14
Rosa Madridejos Mora, Ester Amado Guirado. (2012) Nuevos antitrombóticos. FMC - Formación Médica Continuada en Atención Primaria 19:1, 28-35
CrossRef15
D. M. Cohn, J. Hermanides, J. H. DeVries, P.-W. Kamphuisen, S. Kuhls, M. Homering, J. B. L. Hoekstra, A. W. A. Lensing, H. R. Büller. (2012) Stress-induced hyperglycaemia and venous thromboembolism following total hip or total knee arthroplasty. Thrombosis and Haemostasis 107:2,
CrossRef16
M. M. Samama, G. Contant, T. E. Spiro, E. Perzborn, C. Guinet, Y. Gourmelin, L. Le Flem, G. Rohde, J. L. Martinoli, . (2012) Evaluation of the anti-factor Xa chromogenic assay for the measurement of rivaroxaban plasma concentrations using calibrators and controls. Thrombosis and Haemostasis 107:2,
CrossRef17
F. A. Ofosu. (2012) A review of the two major regulatory pathways for non-proprietary low-molecular-weight heparins. Thrombosis and Haemostasis 107:2,
CrossRef18
(2011) Rivaroxaban versus Warfarin in Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation. New England Journal of Medicine 365:24, 2333-2335
Full Text19
Elise S. Eerenberg, Josien van Es, Meertien K. Sijpkens, Harry R. Büller, Pieter W. Kamphuisen. (2011) New anticoagulants: Moving on from scientific results to clinical implementation. Annals of Medicine 43:8, 606-616
CrossRef20
Ann K Wittkowsky. (2011) Novel Oral Anticoagulants and Their Role in Clinical Practice. Pharmacotherapy 31:12, 1175-1191
CrossRef21
Pamala Kanagasabapathy, Pratima Chowdary, Alex Gatt. (2011) Alternatives to Warfarin-The Next Generation of Anticoagulants. Cardiovascular Therapeutics 29:6, e80-e88
CrossRef22
Nikiforos Pandelis Saragas, Paulo Norberto Faria Ferrao. (2011) The incidence of venous thromboembolism in patients undergoing surgery for acute Achilles tendon ruptures. Foot and Ankle Surgery 17:4, 263-265
CrossRef23
J.-M. Baud, G. Matrand, J.-L. Georges, P. Beaufils, B. Livarek. (2011) Dépistage clinique de la thrombose veineuse profonde après prothèse de hanche et de genou. Proposition d’un score de prédiction pour guider l’indication de l’échographie-Doppler veineux. Journal des Maladies Vasculaires 36:6, 386-394
CrossRef24
Dennis J. Cada, Terri L. Levien, Christopher R. Woodruff, Danial E. Baker. (2011) Formulary Drug Reviews - Rivaroxaban. Hospital Pharmacy 46:12, 960-970
CrossRef25
Aurea Duran, Nishan Sengupta, Alexander Diamantopoulos, Fiona Forster, Louis Kwong, Michael Lees. (2011) Cost and outcomes associated with rivaroxaban vs enoxaparin for the prevention of postsurgical venous thromboembolism from a US payer’s perspective. Journal of Medical Economics 14:6, 824-834
CrossRef26
Tom J. Parry, Zhihong Huang, Cailin Chen, Margery A. Connelly, Elisabeth Perzborn, Patricia Andrade-Gordon, Bruce P. Damiano. (2011) Arterial antithrombotic activity of rivaroxaban, an orally active factor Xa inhibitor, in a rat electrolytic carotid artery injury model of thrombosis. Blood Coagulation & Fibrinolysis 22:8, 720-726
CrossRef27
Stavros Apostolakis, Gregory YH Lip, Deirdre A Lane, Eduard Shantsila. (2011) The Quest for New Anticoagulants: From Clinical Development to Clinical Practice. Cardiovascular Therapeutics 29:6, e12-e22
CrossRef28
Anja Kaeberich, Iris Reindl, Uwe Raaz, Lars Maegdefessel, Alexander Vogt, Torsten Linde, Ulrich Steinseifer, Elisabeth Perzborn, Baerbel Hauroeder, Michael Buerke, Karl Werdan, Axel Schlitt. (2011) Comparison of unfractionated heparin, low-molecular-weight heparin, low-dose and high-dose rivaroxaban in preventing thrombus formation on mechanical heart valves: results of an in vitro study. Journal of Thrombosis and Thrombolysis 32:4, 417-425
CrossRef29
L. Bertoletti, P. Mismetti. (2011) Les nouveaux anticoagulants dans la maladie thrombo-embolique veineuse. Revue des Maladies Respiratoires 28:8, 1008-1016
CrossRef30
M. Delbeck, K. F. Nickel, E. Perzborn, P. Ellinghaus, J. Strassburger, R. Kast, V. Laux, S. Schafer, R. T. Schermuly, G. von Degenfeld. (2011) A role for coagulation factor Xa in experimental pulmonary arterial hypertension. Cardiovascular Research 92:1, 159-168
CrossRef31
Bart A, Swierstra, Anton MJS Vervest, Geert HIM Walenkamp, B Wim Schreurs, Pieter TJ Spierings, Ide C Heyligers, Job LC van Susante, Harmen B Ettema, Mariette J Jansen, Pim J Hennis, Janneke de Vries, Sabrina B Muller-Ploeger, Margreet A Pols. (2011) Dutch guideline on total hip prosthesis. Acta Orthopaedica 82:5, 567-576
CrossRef32
Richard J. Friedman. (2011) Novel Oral Anticoagulants for VTE Prevention in Orthopedic Surgery: Overview of Phase 3 Trials. Orthopedics 34:10, 795-804
CrossRef33
Vincenzo Toschi, Maddalena Lettino. (2011) Inhibitors of propagation of coagulation: factors V and X. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 72:4, 563-580
CrossRef34
Estella M Davis, Kathleen A Packard, Jon T Knezevich, Jennifer A Campbell. (2011) New and Emerging Anticoagulant Therapy for Atrial Fibrillation and Acute Coronary Syndrome. Pharmacotherapy 31:10, 975-1016
CrossRef35
Lars Ryttberg, Alex Diamantopoulos, Fiona Forster, Michael Lees, Anina Fraschke, Ingela Björholt. (2011) Cost–effectiveness of rivaroxaban versus heparins for prevention of venous thromboembolism after total hip or knee surgery in Sweden. Expert Review of Pharmacoeconomics & Outcomes Research 11:5, 601-615
CrossRef36
Wolfgang Mueck, Anthonie W.A. Lensing, Giancarlo Agnelli, Hervé Decousus, Paolo Prandoni, Frank Misselwitz. (2011) Rivaroxaban. Clinical Pharmacokinetics 50:10, 675-686
CrossRef37
Vinai C. Bhagirath, Lauren O'Malley, Mark A. Crowther. (2011) Management of Bleeding Complications in the Anticoagulated Patient. Seminars in Hematology 48:4, 285-294
CrossRef38
Rashid S. Kazmi, Bashir A. Lwaleed. (2011) New anticoagulants: how to deal with treatment failure and bleeding complications. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 72:4, 593-603
CrossRef39
Patel, Manesh R., Mahaffey, Kenneth W., Garg, Jyotsna, Pan, Guohua, Singer, Daniel E., Hacke, Werner, Breithardt, Günter, Halperin, Jonathan L., Hankey, Graeme J., Piccini, Jonathan P., Becker, Richard C., Nessel, Christopher C., Paolini, John F., Berkowitz, Scott D., Fox, Keith A.A., Califf, Robert M., the ROCKET AF Steering Committee. (2011) Rivaroxaban versus Warfarin in Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation. New England Journal of Medicine 365:10, 883-891
Full Text40
C. L. Donohoe, M. K. Sayana, R. Thakral, D. M. Niall. (2011) Aspirin for lower limb arthroplasty thromboprophylaxis: review of international guidelines. Irish Journal of Medical Science 180:3, 627-632
CrossRef41
Thomas Goff, George Kontakis, Peter V Giannoudis. (2011) Safety and efficacy of rivaroxaban for thromboprophylaxis following lower limb surgery: an update. Expert Opinion on Drug Safety 10:5, 687-696
CrossRef42
Taki Galanis, Walter K. Kraft, Geno J. Merli. (2011) Prophylaxis for Deep Vein Thrombosis and Pulmonary Embolism in the Surgical Patient. Advances in Surgery 45:1, 361-390
CrossRef43
D. MARATEA, V. FADDA, S. TRIPPOLI, A. MESSORI. (2011) Prevention of venous thromboembolism after major orthopedic surgery: indirect comparison of three new oral anticoagulants. Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis 9:9, 1868-1870
CrossRef44
Tina Scoble, Sonali Wijetilleka, Munther A. Khamashta. (2011) Management of refractory anti-phospholipid syndrome. Autoimmunity Reviews 10:11, 669-673
CrossRef45
Kan He, Joseph M. Luettgen, Donglu Zhang, Bing He, James E. Grace, Baomin Xin, Donald J. P. Pinto, Pancras C. Wong, Robert M. Knabb, Patrick Y. S. Lam, Ruth R. Wexler, Scott J. Grossman. (2011) Preclinical pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of apixaban, a potent and selective factor Xa inhibitor. European Journal of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics 36:3, 129-139
CrossRef46
Benjamin Brenner, Ron Hoffman. (2011) Emerging options in the treatment of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. Blood Reviews 25:5, 215-221
CrossRef47
Nancy Torres Finnerty, Franklin Michota. 2011. Prevention of Venous Thromboembolism in Surgical Patients. , 107-136.
CrossRef48
Taki Galanis, Geno J. Merli. 2011. Newer Oral Anticoagulants. , 67-80.
CrossRef49
Liam E. Kavanagh, Gregory S. Jack, Nathan Lawrentschuk. (2011) Prevention and management of TURP-related hemorrhage. Nature Reviews Urology 8:9, 504-514
CrossRef50
J. Steffel, E. Braunwald. (2011) Novel oral anticoagulants: focus on stroke prevention and treatment of venous thrombo-embolism. European Heart Journal 32:16, 1968-1976
CrossRef51
Renato D. Lopes, Richard C. Becker, John H. Alexander, Paul W. Armstrong, Robert M. Califf, Mark Y. Chan, Mark Crowther, Christopher B. Granger, Robert A. Harrington, Elaine M. Hylek, Stefan K. James, E. Marc Jolicoeur, Kenneth W. Mahaffey, L. Kristin Newby, Eric D. Peterson, Karen S. Pieper, Frans Werf, Lars Wallentin, Harvey D. White, Antonio C. Carvalho, Roberto R. Giraldez, Helio P. Guimaraes, Helena B. Nader, Renato A. K. Kalil, Joyce M. A. Bizzachi, Antonio C. Lopes, David A. Garcia. (2011) Highlights from the III International Symposium of Thrombosis and Anticoagulation (ISTA), October 14–16, 2010, São Paulo, Brazil. Journal of Thrombosis and Thrombolysis 32:2, 242-266
CrossRef52
Mark J. Fesler, Michael H. Creer, John M. Richart, Randall Edgell, Necat Havlioglu, Gershom Norfleet, Salvador Cruz-Flores. (2011) Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia and Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis: Case Report and Literature Review. Neurocritical Care 15:1, 161-165
CrossRef53
A. John Camm, Henri Bounameaux. (2011) Edoxaban. Drugs 71:12, 1503-1526
CrossRef54
M. M. Samama, G. Gerotziafas. (2011) Trois nouveaux anticoagulants disponibles en 2011: Dabigatran Etexilate, Rivaroxaban et Apixaban. Bio tribune magazine 38:1, 10-15
CrossRef55
L.M. Asmis, L. Alberio, A. Angelillo-Scherrer, W. Korte, A. Mendez, G. Reber, B. Seifert, H. Stricker, D.A. Tsakiris, W.A. Wuillemin. (2011) Rivaroxaban: Quantification by anti-FXa assay and influence on coagulation tests. Thrombosis Research
CrossRef56
A. RUPIN, I. MARX, M. O. VALLEZ, P. MENNECIER, P. GLOANEC, G. DE NANTEUIL, T. J. VERBEUREN. (2011) S35972, a direct-acting thrombin inhibitor with high oral bioavailability and antithrombotic efficacy. Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis 9:7, 1375-1382
CrossRef57
Henri Bounameaux, Marie Solignac. (2011) Faut-il traiter toutes les thromboses post-opératoires ?. Le Praticien en Anesthésie Réanimation 15:3, H5-H9
CrossRef58
Menno V. Huisman. (2011) The proof for new oral anticoagulants: clinical trial evidence. European Orthopaedics and Traumatology 2:1-2, 7-14
CrossRef59
K. A. BAUER. (2011) Recent progress in anticoagulant therapy: oral direct inhibitors of thrombin and factor Xa. Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis 9, 12-19
CrossRef60
Alessandro Squizzato, Elena Rancan, Francesco Dentali. (2011) Pharmacotherapy of deep-venous thrombosis: current status and future perspective. Clinical Investigation 1:7, 1039-1047
CrossRef61
Ramon A Partida, Robert P Giugliano. (2011) Edoxaban: pharmacological principles, preclinical and early-phase clinical testing. Future Cardiology 7:4, 459-470
CrossRef62
Maryam Sattari, David T Lowenthal. (2011) Novel Oral Anticoagulants in Development: Dabigatran, Rivaroxaban, and Apixaban. American Journal of Therapeutics 18:4, 332-338
CrossRef63
O. Cousin, C. Le Hello, M.-T. Barrellier. (2011) Incidence et distribution des thromboses veineuses des membres inférieurs diagnostiquées par écho-doppler au décours de prothèses de hanche, de genou et de fractures de hanche. Résultats portant sur 5981 explorations et 2123 thromboses en dix ans. Journal des Maladies Vasculaires 36:4, 243-253
CrossRef64
J. VAN ES, E. S. EERENBERG, P. W. KAMPHUISEN, H. R. BÜLLER. (2011) How to prevent, treat, and overcome current clinical challenges of VTE. Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis 9, 265-274
CrossRef65
Thomas G. DeLoughery. (2011) Practical aspects of the oral new anticoagulants. American Journal of Hematology 86:7, 586-590
CrossRef66
Deepu Alexander, Allen Jeremias. (2011) Rivaroxaban in the contemporary treatment of acute coronary syndromes. Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs 20:6, 849-857
CrossRef67
Richard J Friedman, Nishan Sengupta, Michael Lees. (2011) Economic impact of venous thromboembolism after hip and knee arthroplasty: potential impact of rivaroxaban. Expert Review of Pharmacoeconomics & Outcomes Research 11:3, 299-306
CrossRef68
Song Turun, Liao Banghua, Yin Yuan, Li Zhenhui, Nie Ying, Chen Jin. (2011) A systematic review of rivaroxaban versus enoxaparin in the prevention of venous thromboembolism after hip or knee replacement. Thrombosis Research 127:6, 525-534
CrossRef69
Mátyás Keltai, Katalin Keltai. (2011) Új antikoagulánsok a vénás thromboembolia megelőzésében és kezelésében. Orvosi Hetilap 152:25, 983-992
CrossRef70
Meyer Michel Samama. (2011) The mechanism of action of rivaroxaban – an oral, direct Factor Xa inhibitor – compared with other anticoagulants. Thrombosis Research 127:6, 497-504
CrossRef71
Sam Schulman, Ammar Majeed. (2011) A Benefit-Risk Assessment of Dabigatran in the Prevention of Venous Thromboembolism in Orthopaedic Surgery. Drug Safety 34:6, 449-463
CrossRef72
Geneviève Freyburger, Gérard Macouillard, Sylvie Labrouche, François Sztark. (2011) Coagulation parameters in patients receiving dabigatran etexilate or rivaroxaban: Two observational studies in patients undergoing total hip or total knee replacement. Thrombosis Research 127:5, 457-465
CrossRef73
Nadia Rosencher, Paul Zufferey, Silvy Laporte, Patrick Mismetti. (2011) Key features of the EXPANSE clinical program for apixaban in the prevention and treatment of thrombotic disorders. Clinical Investigation 1:5, 725-737
CrossRef74
Alexander Thomas Cohen, Theodore Erich Spiro, Harry Roger Büller, Lloyd Haskell, Dayi Hu, Russell Hull, Alexandre Mebazaa, Geno Merli, Sebastian Schellong, Alex Spyropoulos, Victor Tapson. (2011) Extended-duration rivaroxaban thromboprophylaxis in acutely ill medical patients: MAGELLAN study protocol. Journal of Thrombosis and Thrombolysis 31:4, 407-416
CrossRef75
Zafar Iqbal, Marc Cohen. (2011) Enoxaparin: a pharmacologic and clinical review. Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy 12:7, 1157-1170
CrossRef76
Bénédicte Dumont, Dorothée Faille, Nadine Ajzenberg. (2011) Les nouveaux anticoagulants oraux. médecine/sciences 27:5, 493-500
CrossRef77
C. Michael Gibson, Jessica L. Mega, Paul Burton, Shinya Goto, Freek Verheugt, Christoph Bode, Alexei Plotnikov, Xiang Sun, Nancy Cook-Bruns, Eugene Braunwald. (2011) Rationale and design of the Anti-Xa Therapy to Lower cardiovascular events in Addition to standard therapy in Subjects with Acute Coronary Syndrome–Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction 51 (ATLAS-ACS 2 TIMI 51) trial: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of rivaroxaban in subjects with acute coronary syndrome. American Heart Journal 161:5, 815-821.e6
CrossRef78
Charles Marc Samama, Anne Godier. (2011) Perioperative deep vein thrombosis prevention: what works, what does not work and does it improve outcome?. Current Opinion in Anaesthesiology 24:2, 166-170
CrossRef79
Gary H. Lyman. (2011) Venous thromboembolism in the patient with cancer. Cancer 117:7, 1334-1349
CrossRef80
Francisco Gabriel Botella, Manuel Labiós Gómez, Blanca Navarro Cubells. (2011) Nuevos anticoagulantes orales en la prevención de la enfermedad tromboembólica venosa. Medicina Clínica 136:12, 553-554
CrossRef81
Shaker A. Mousa. (2011) The Future of Anticoagulant Therapy. Cardiovascular Therapeuticsno-no
CrossRef82
Taki Galanis, Lynda Thomson, Michael Palladino, Geno J. Merli. (2011) New oral anticoagulants. Journal of Thrombosis and Thrombolysis 31:3, 310-320
CrossRef83
Paul B. Watkins, Mehul Desai, Scott D. Berkowitz, Gary Peters, Yves Horsmans, Dominique Larrey, Willis Maddrey. (2011) Evaluation of Drug-Induced Serious Hepatotoxicity (eDISH). Drug Safety 34:3, 243-252
CrossRef84
Lars Carl Borris. (2011) Design, findings and implications of the RECORD study program. Clinical Investigation 1:3, 423-428
CrossRef85
Yu-Kai Lee, Mark R. Player. (2011) Developments in factor Xa inhibitors for the treatment of thromboembolic disorders. Medicinal Research Reviews 31:2, 202-283
CrossRef86
Pier Mannuccio Mannucci, Massimo Franchini. (2011) Old and new anticoagulant drugs: A minireview. Annals of Medicine 43:2, 116-123
CrossRef87
F. Randelli, F. Biggi, G. Della Rocca, P. Grossi, D. Imberti, R. Landolfi, G. Palareti, D. Prisco. (2011) Italian intersociety consensus statement on antithrombotic prophylaxis in hip and knee replacement and in femoral neck fracture surgery. Journal of Orthopaedics and Traumatology 12:1, 69-76
CrossRef88
Gentian Denas, Vittorio Pengo. (2011) Emerging anticoagulants. Expert Opinion on Emerging Drugs 16:1, 31-44
CrossRef89
Aaron M. From, Deana D. Hoganson, Patricia J. Erwin. (2011) Does a longer duration of oral factor Xa therapy increase the risk of bleeding or transaminitis?. Thrombosis Research 127:3, 202-209
CrossRef90
Mariano A Giorgi, Hernán Cohen Arazi, Claudio D Gonzalez, Guillermo Di Girolamo. (2011) Changing anticoagulant paradigms for atrial fibrillation: dabigatran, apixaban and rivaroxaban. Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy 12:4, 567-577
CrossRef91
Frank Misselwitz, Scott D. Berkowitz, Elisabeth Perzborn. (2011) The discovery and development of rivaroxaban. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1222:1, 64-75
CrossRef92
K. P. CABRAL, J. ANSELL, E. M. HYLEK. (2011) Future directions of stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation: the potential impact of novel anticoagulants and stroke risk stratification. Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis 9:3, 441-449
CrossRef93
Bengt I. Eriksson, Daniel J. Quinlan, John W. Eikelboom. (2011) Novel Oral Factor Xa and Thrombin Inhibitors in the Management of Thromboembolism. Annual Review of Medicine 62:1, 41-57
CrossRef94
Susanne Lison, Michael Spannagl. (2011) Monitoring of direct anticoagulants. Wiener Medizinische Wochenschrift 161:3-4, 58-62
CrossRef95
R. C. Barker, P. Marval. (2011) Venous thromboembolism: risks and prevention. Continuing Education in Anaesthesia, Critical Care & Pain 11:1, 18-23
CrossRef96
Enrique Ginzburg, Franck Dujardin. (2011) Physicians’ perceptions of the definition of major bleeding in major orthopedic surgery: results of an international survey. Journal of Thrombosis and Thrombolysis 31:2, 188-195
CrossRef97
Charles Marc Samama. (2011) New anticoagulants: pharmacology and clinical studies. Wiener Medizinische Wochenschrift 161:3-4, 54-57
CrossRef98
Y. K. Loke, C. S. Kwok. (2011) Dabigatran and rivaroxaban for prevention of venous thromboembolism - systematic review and adjusted indirect comparison. Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics 36:1, 111-124
CrossRef99
Corinne LeReun, Philip Wells, Alex Diamantopoulos, Farhat Rasul, Michael Lees, Nishan Sengupta. (2011) An indirect comparison, via enoxaparin, of rivaroxaban with dabigatran in the prevention of venous thromboembolism after hip or knee replacement. Journal of Medical Economics 14:2, 238-244
CrossRef100
B. I. Eriksson, O. E. Dahl, M. H. Huo, A. A. Kurth, S. Hantel, K. Hermansson, J. M. Schnee, R. J. Friedman, . (2011) Oral dabigatran versus enoxaparin for thromboprophylaxis after primary total hip arthroplasty (RE-NOVATE II*). Thrombosis and Haemostasis 105:4, 721-729
CrossRef101
M. H. Huo. (2011) New oral anticoagulants in venous thromboembolism prophylaxis in orthopaedic patients: Are they really better?. Thrombosis and Haemostasis 106:1, 45-57
CrossRef102
S. RANGARAJAN. (2011) Inhibitors of coagulation. Haemophilia 17:1, 90-94
CrossRef103
Walter Lehmacher, Stephanie Wolff. (2011) Die Bedeutung von Head-to-Head-Studien für die versorgungsnahe klinische Forschung. Zeitschrift für Evidenz, Fortbildung und Qualität im Gesundheitswesen 105:9, 639-645
CrossRef104
Jeffrey I. Weitz. (2011) Factor Xa and thrombin as targets for new oral anticoagulants. Thrombosis Research 127, S5-S12
CrossRef105
Carsten Perka. (2011) Preoperative versus postoperative initiation of thromboprophylaxis following major orthopedic surgery: safety and efficacy of postoperative administration supported by recent trials of new oral anticoagulants. Thrombosis Journal 9:1, 17
CrossRef106
Gregg Stashenko, Renato D. Lopes, David Garcia, John H. Alexander, Victor F. Tapson. (2011) Prophylaxis for venous thromboembolism: guidelines translated for the clinician. Journal of Thrombosis and Thrombolysis 31:1, 122-132
CrossRef107
Honorio T. Benzon. 2011. Anticoagulants and neuraxial and peripheral nerve blocks. , 629-640.
CrossRef108
Elisabeth Perzborn, Susanne Roehrig, Alexander Straub, Dagmar Kubitza, Frank Misselwitz. (2011) The discovery and development of rivaroxaban, an oral, direct factor Xa inhibitor. Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 10:1, 61-75
CrossRef109
A. G. G. Turpie, C. Esmon. (2011) Venous and arterial thrombosis – pathogenesis and the rationale for anticoagulation. Thrombosis and Haemostasis 105:4, 586-596
CrossRef110
Lassen, Michael Rud, Gallus, Alexander, Raskob, Gary E., Pineo, Graham, Chen, Dalei, Ramirez, Luz Margarita, . (2010) Apixaban versus Enoxaparin for Thromboprophylaxis after Hip Replacement. New England Journal of Medicine 363:26, 2487-2498
Full Text111
Stephan H. Schirmer, Magnus Baumhäkel, Hans-Ruprecht Neuberger, Stefan H. Hohnloser, Isabelle C. van Gelder, Gregory Y.H. Lip, Michael Böhm. (2010) Novel Anticoagulants for Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 56:25, 2067-2076
CrossRef112
Timothy A. Morris. (2010) New Synthetic Antithrombotic Agents for Venous Thromboembolism: Pentasaccharides, Direct Thrombin Inhibitors, Direct Xa Inhibitors. Clinics in Chest Medicine 31:4, 707-718
CrossRef113
F. Biggi, F. Randelli, G. Rocca, D. Imberti, P. Grossi, R. Landolfi, G. Palareti, D. Prisco. (2010) Consenso intersocietario sulla profilassi antitrombotica in chirurgia protesica dell’anca e del ginocchio e nelle fratture del collo femorale. LO SCALPELLO-OTODI Educational 24:3, 206-211
CrossRef114
Laura Green, Andrew S. Lawrie, Shelain Patel, Fahad Hossain, Andrew Chitolie, Ian J. Mackie, Fares S. Haddad, Samuel J. Machin. (2010) The impact of elective knee/hip replacement surgery and thromboprophylaxis with rivaroxaban or dalteparin on thrombin generation. British Journal of Haematology 151:5, 469-476
CrossRef115
Alessandro Squizzato, Erica Romualdi, Francesco Dentali, Walter Ageno. (2010) The new oral anticoagulants, do they change the benefit vs. risk for thromboprophylaxis in association to ambulatory surgery?. Current Opinion in Anaesthesiology 23:6, 722-725
CrossRef116
J. Ansell. (2010) Warfarin Versus New Agents: Interpreting the Data. Hematology 2010:1, 221-228
CrossRef117
Kurt Pfeifer, Karen F. Mauck, Steven L. Cohn, Amir K. Jaffer, Gerald W. Smetana. (2010) Update in Perioperative Medicine. Journal of General Internal Medicine 25:12, 1346-1351
CrossRef118
Wiebke Gogarten, Erik Vandermeulen, Hugo Van Aken, Sibylle Kozek, Juan V Llau, Charles M Samama. (2010) Regional anaesthesia and antithrombotic agents: recommendations of the European Society of Anaesthesiology. European Journal of Anaesthesiology 27:12, 999-1015
CrossRef119
M. Samama, J. Conard, M.-H. Horellou, L. Le Flem, C. Guinet, F. Depasse. (2010) Deux nouveaux anticoagulants disponibles en 2010 – Dabigatran Etexilate et Rivaroxaban: progrès attendus – problèmes posés. Annales Pharmaceutiques Françaises 68:6, 359-369
CrossRef120
Dagmar Kubitza, Michael Becka, Wolfgang Mueck, Atef Halabi, Haidar Maatouk, Norbert Klause, Volkmar Lufft, Dominic D. Wand, Thomas Philipp, Heike Bruck. (2010) Effects of renal impairment on the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and safety of rivaroxaban, an oral, direct Factor Xa inhibitor. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 70:5, 703-712
CrossRef121
Louis M. Kwong. (2010) Never Events and Related Quality Measures Following Total Hip and Total Knee Replacement. Orthopedics 33:11, 838-842
CrossRef122
S. Siebenlist, S. Haas, F. Elser, U. Stöckle. (2010) Neue orale Antikoagulanzien aus unfallchirurgischer Sicht. Der Unfallchirurg 113:11, 886-892
CrossRef123
Yong Bing Cao, Jun Dong Zhang, Hui Shen, Yuan Ying Jiang. (2010) Rivaroxaban versus enoxaparin for thromboprophylaxis after total hip or knee arthroplasty: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 66:11, 1099-1108
CrossRef124
Luke R.E. Bereznicki, Gregory M. Peterson. (2010) REVIEW: New Antithrombotics for Atrial Fibrillation. Cardiovascular Therapeutics 28:5, 278-286
CrossRef125
Henrik Husted, Kristian Stahl Otte, Billy B Kristensen, Thue Ørsnes, Christian Wong, Henrik Kehlet. (2010) Low risk of thromboembolic complications after fast-track hip and knee arthroplasty. Acta Orthopaedica 81:5, 599-605
CrossRef126
Hans-Juergen Rupprecht, Ralf Blank. (2010) Clinical Pharmacology of Direct and Indirect Factor Xa Inhibitors. Drugs1
CrossRef127
Pietro Ruggieri, Maurizio Montalti, Elisa Pala, Andrea Angelini, Teresa Calabrò, Costantino Errani, Mario Mercuri. (2010) Clinically significant thromboembolic disease in orthopedic oncology: An analysis of 986 patients treated with low-molecular-weight heparin. Journal of Surgical Oncology 102:5, 375-379
CrossRef128
Brian L. Henry, Umesh R. Desai. 2010. Anticoagulants. .
CrossRef129
R.J. Friedman, O.E. Dahl, N. Rosencher, J.A. Caprini, A.A. Kurth, C.W. Francis, A. Clemens, S. Hantel, J.M. Schnee, B.I. Eriksson. (2010) Dabigatran versus enoxaparin for prevention of venous thromboembolism after hip or knee arthroplasty: A pooled analysis of three trials. Thrombosis Research 126:3, 175-182
CrossRef130
Jeremy S. Paikin, John W. Eikelboom, John A. Cairns, Jack Hirsh. (2010) New antithrombotic agents—insights from clinical trials. Nature Reviews Cardiology 7:9, 498-509
CrossRef131
Richard J. Friedman. (2010) Limit the Bleeding, Limit the Pain in Total Hip and Knee Arthroplasty. Orthopedics 33:9, 11-13
CrossRef132
O. E. DAHL, D. J. QUINLAN, D. BERGQVIST, J. W. EIKELBOOM. (2010) A critical appraisal of bleeding events reported in venous thromboembolism prevention trials of patients undergoing hip and knee arthroplasty. Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis 8:9, 1966-1975
CrossRef133
Henrik Husted, Kristian Stahl Otte, Billy B. Kristensen, Thue Ørsnes, Henrik Kehlet. (2010) Readmissions after fast-track hip and knee arthroplasty. Archives of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery 130:9, 1185-1191
CrossRef134
Geno J. Merli. (2010) New Oral Antithrombotic Agents for the Prevention of Deep Venous Thrombosis and Pulmonary Embolism in Orthopedic Surgery. Orthopedics 33:9, 27-32
CrossRef135
Thomas Wilke, Jörn Moock, Sabrina Müller, Matthias Pfannkuche, Andreas Kurth. (2010) Nonadherence in Outpatient Thrombosis Prophylaxis with Low Molecular Weight Heparins after Major Orthopaedic Surgery. Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research® 468:9, 2437-2453
CrossRef136
Jonathan M. Plumb, Andreas Clemens, Brigitta U. Monz. (2010) Cost Effectiveness of Venous Thromboembolism Pharmacological Prophylaxis in Total Hip and Knee Replacement:. PharmacoEconomics 28:9, 781-782
CrossRef137
Karen M Hook, Charles S Abrams. (2010) Treatment options in heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. Current Opinion in Hematology 17:5, 424-431
CrossRef138
S. Schulman. (2010) New aspects on treatment modalities for thromboembolic episodes. Journal of Internal Medicine 268:2, 109-119
CrossRef139
Erica Romualdi, Walter Ageno. (2010) Oral Xa Inhibitors. Hematology/Oncology Clinics of North America 24:4, 727-737
CrossRef140
M. Moia, S. Braham. (2010) Nuovi farmaci antitrombotici in chirurgia ortopedica: dagli studi clinici all’uso nella pratica quotidiana. Archivio di Ortopedia e Reumatologia 121:1, 32-35
CrossRef141
Jonathan P Piccini, Renato D Lopes, Kenneth W Mahaffey. (2010) Oral factor Xa inhibitors for the prevention of stroke in atrial fibrillation. Current Opinion in Cardiology 25:4, 312-320
CrossRef142
(2010) Meeting the Unmet Needs in Anticoagulant Therapy. European Journal of Haematology 85, 1-28
CrossRef143
Bryant Ho, Michael H. Huo. (2010) Deep Vein Thrombosis Propylaxis: Better Living Through Chemistry-Affirms. Seminars in Arthroplasty 21:2, 80-84
CrossRef144
C. R. Harber, M. H. Nathanson. (2010) Rivaroxaban for thromboembolism prophylaxis after orthopaedic surgery. Anaesthesia 65:6, 552-555
CrossRef145
J. M. Walenga, C. Adiguzel. (2010) Drug and dietary interactions of the new and emerging oral anticoagulants. International Journal of Clinical Practice 64:7, 956-967
CrossRef146
Lars C. Borris. (2010) Rivaroxaban and dabigatran etexilate: two new oral anticoagulants for extended postoperative prevention of venous thromboembolism after elective total hip arthroplasty. Archives of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery 130:5, 583-589
CrossRef147
Rickard E. Malmström. 2010. New Anticoagulants: Focus on Currently Approved Oral Factor Xa and Factor IIa Inhibitors. , 91-102.
CrossRef148
Lori-Ann Linkins, Jeffrey I. Weitz. (2010) New and Emerging Anticoagulant Therapies for Venous Thromboembolism. Current Treatment Options in Cardiovascular Medicine 12:2, 142-155
CrossRef149
Jeffrey I. Weitz. (2010) Potential of new anticoagulants in patients with cancer. Thrombosis Research 125, S30-S35
CrossRef150
B. I. ERIKSSON, A. G. G. TURPIE, M. R. LASSEN, M. H. PRINS, G. AGNELLI, P. KÄLEBO, G. WETHERILL, J. W. WILPSHAAR, L. MEEMS, . (2010) Prevention of venous thromboembolism with an oral factor Xa inhibitor, YM150, after total hip arthroplasty. A dose finding study (ONYX-2). Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis 8:4, 714-721
CrossRef151
Rohtesh S Mehta. (2010) Novel oral anticoagulants for prophylaxis and treatment of venous thromboembolism: part I (Factor Xa inhibitors). Expert Review of Hematology 3:2, 227-241
CrossRef152
Montserrat Bosch Ferrer, Pilar Lalueza Broto. (2010) Nuevos anticoagulantes orales en la prevención de la enfermedad tromboembólica venosa. Medicina Clínica 134:6, 279-281
CrossRef153
Freek W. A. Verheugt. (2010) Novel oral anticoagulants to prevent stroke in atrial fibrillation. Nature Reviews Cardiology 7:3, 149-154
CrossRef154
Gerald W. Smetana, Jane S. Sillman. (2010) Update in New Medications for Primary Care. Journal of General Internal Medicine 25:3, 261-269
CrossRef155
Erik Vandermeulen. (2010) Regional anaesthesia and anticoagulation. Best Practice & Research Clinical Anaesthesiology 24:1, 121-131
CrossRef156
(2010) Rivaroxaban—Once daily, oral, direct factor Xa inhibition Compared with vitamin K antagonism for prevention of stroke and Embolism Trial in Atrial Fibrillation: Rationale and Design of the ROCKET AF study. American Heart Journal 159:3, 340-347.e1
CrossRef157
Michael Rud Lassen, Gary E Raskob, Alexander Gallus, Graham Pineo, Dalei Chen, Philip Hornick. (2010) Apixaban versus enoxaparin for thromboprophylaxis after knee replacement (ADVANCE-2): a randomised double-blind trial. The Lancet 375:9717, 807-815
CrossRef158
Ann K. Wittkowsky. (2010) New oral anticoagulants: a practical guide for clinicians. Journal of Thrombosis and Thrombolysis 29:2, 182-191
CrossRef159
D. Garcia, E. Libby, M. A. Crowther. (2010) The new oral anticoagulants. Blood 115:1, 15-20
CrossRef160
K. Brockbank, S. Snoxall, A. Beaumont, P. Davies, M. Kershaw, R. Kirman, E. Murray, A. Pheby, I. Webb, E. Willman, T. Everington. (2010) Implementing a venous thromboembolism (VTE) prevention strategy. Clinical Governance: An International Journal 15:1, 19-28
CrossRef161
Richard J. Friedman. (2010) New Oral Anticoagulants for Thromboprophylaxis after Elective Total Hip and Knee Arthroplasty. Thrombosis 2010, 1-9
CrossRef162
Meyer Michel Samama, Grigoris T. Gerotziafas. (2010) Newer anticoagulants in 2009. Journal of Thrombosis and Thrombolysis 29:1, 92-104
CrossRef163
Richard J. Friedman. (2010) Simplifying Thromboprophylaxis Could Improve Outcomes in Orthopaedic Surgery. Thrombosis 2010, 1-5
CrossRef164
Donna D. Castellone, Elizabeth M. Van Cott. (2010) Laboratory monitoring of new anticoagulants. American Journal of HematologyNA-NA
CrossRef165
A. Sautet. 2010. La prévention thrombo-embolique en chirurgie orthopédique et traumatologique majeure. , 269-278.
CrossRef166
A. GÃMEZ-OUTES, Ma. L. SUÃREZ-GEA, A. BLÃZQUEZ-PÃREZ, C. POZO-HERNÃNDEZ, E. VARGAS-CASTRILLÃN. (2009) Will oral rivaroxaban improve clinically relevant outcomes and thromboprophylaxis management in the orthopedic patient?. Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis 7:12, 2149-2150
CrossRef167
Fred D. Cushner, Michael P. Nett. (2009) Unanswered Questions, Unmet Needs in Venous Thromboprophylaxis. Orthopedics 32:12/Supplement, 62-66
CrossRef168
B. Heindl, M. Spannagl. (2009) Neue orale Antikoagulanzien. Der Anaesthesist 58:12, 1252-1255
CrossRef169
Geoffrey H. Westrich, Lindsey J. Bornstein. (2009) Prophylactic Modalities: Pharmacologic and Mechanical Compression. Seminars in Arthroplasty 20:4, 235-240
CrossRef170
Richard J. Friedman. (2009) New Oral Anticoagulants for Thromboprophylaxis After Total Hip or Knee Arthroplasty. Orthopedics 32:12/Supplement, 79-84
CrossRef171
Fred D. Cushner, Michael P. Nett. (2009) The Future of Thromboembolic Prophylaxis. Seminars in Arthroplasty 20:4, 251-254
CrossRef172
Davide Imberti, Chiara Dall’Asta, Matteo Giorgi Pierfranceschi. (2009) Oral factor Xa inhibitors for thromboprophylaxis in major orthopedic surgery: a review. Internal and Emergency Medicine 4:6, 471-477
CrossRef173
Luciana Armaganijan, John Eikelboom, Jeff S. Healey, Carlos A. Morillo. (2009) New pharmacotherapy for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation: Update 2010. Advances in Therapy 26:12, 1058-1071
CrossRef174
(2009) New agents for orthopaedic thromboprophylaxis: caution essential, but time will tell. ANZ Journal of Surgery 79:11, 773-774
CrossRef175
L. C. Borris. (2009) Barriers to the optimal use of anticoagulants after orthopaedic surgery. Archives of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery 129:11, 1441-1445
CrossRef176
David Fitzmaurice. (2009) Atrial fibrillation and coagulation: Who and when?. Blood Reviews 23:6, 241-244
CrossRef177
Walter Ageno. (2009) Rivaroxaban for venous thromboembolism prevention after total knee arthroplasty: RECORD3 findings. European Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery & Traumatology 19:8, 529-533
CrossRef178
M. Houman Fekrazad, Renato D. Lopes, Gregg J. Stashenko, John H. Alexander, David Garcia. (2009) Treatment of venous thromboembolism: guidelines translated for the clinician. Journal of Thrombosis and Thrombolysis 28:3, 270-275
CrossRef179
Sabine Eichinger. (2009) Eingriff-spezifische Thromboseprophylaxe beim Erwachsenen. Wiener Medizinische Wochenschrift 159:19-20, 475-480
CrossRef180
Juan Ignacio Arcelus, Marc Cairols, Xavier Granero, David Jiménez, Juan Vicente Llau, Manuel Monreal, Vicente Vicente. (2009) Nuevos anticoagulantes orales: una visión multidisciplinaria. Medicina Clínica 133:13, 508-512
CrossRef181
Parham Khosravi-Shahi, Gumersindo Pérez-Manga. (2009) International Recommendations for the Prevention and Treatment of Venous Thromboembolism Associated with Cancer. Clinical Drug Investigation 29:10, 625-633
CrossRef182
Juan V Llau, Raquel Ferrandis. (2009) New anticoagulants and regional anesthesia. Current Opinion in Anaesthesiology 22:5, 661-666
CrossRef183
J.F. Schenk, B. Stephan, M. Kusma, J. Groß, H. Eichler. (2009) Orthopädische Patienten mit bzw. ohne Thrombophilie. Der Orthopäde 38:9, 835-842
CrossRef184
Joseph A Caprini. (2009) Intermittent pneumatic compression and pharmacologic thrombosis prophylaxis. Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine 15:5, 439-442
CrossRef185
Kylie Lepic, Mark A Crowther. (2009) A logical approach to surgical thromboprophylaxis. Current Opinion in Hematology 16:5, 397-401
CrossRef186
Christian Musselmann. (2009) Häufigkeit venöser Thromboembolien in der orthopädischen Rehabilitation nach Hüft- und Knietotalendoprothesenimplantation. Medizinische Klinik 104:9, 694-698
CrossRef187
Sean T. Duggan, Lesley J. Scott, Greg L. Plosker. (2009) Rivaroxaban. Drugs 69:13, 1829-1851
CrossRef188
Giuseppe Camporese, Enrico Bernardi. (2009) Low-molecular-weight heparin for thromboprophylaxis. Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine 15:5, 443-454
CrossRef189
Jennifer Carreiro Zikria, Jack Ansell. (2009) Oral anticoagulation with factor Xa and thrombin inhibitors: on the threshold of change. Current Opinion in Hematology 16:5, 347-356
CrossRef190
Lassen, Michael Rud, Raskob, Gary E., Gallus, Alexander, Pineo, Graham, Chen, Dalei, Portman, Ronald J., . (2009) Apixaban or Enoxaparin for Thromboprophylaxis after Knee Replacement. New England Journal of Medicine 361:6, 594-604
Full Text191
Geno Merli, Alex C. Spyropoulos, Joseph A. Caprini. (2009) Use of Emerging Oral Anticoagulants in Clinical Practice. Annals of Surgery 250:2, 219-228
CrossRef192
P L Gross, J I Weitz. (2009) New Antithrombotic Drugs. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics 86:2, 139-146
CrossRef193
Jan Steffel, Thomas F Lüscher. (2009) Novel anticoagulants in clinical development: focus on factor Xa and direct thrombin inhibitors. Journal of Cardiovascular Medicine 10:8, 616-623
CrossRef194
Mark Crowther, Mark Crowther. (2009) Management of bleeding in patients on antithrombotics: maintaining the balance between thrombosis and hemorrhage. Expert Review of Hematology 2:4, 357-360
CrossRef195
Laura L. Turner, Martin Lovell, Paul Skipper, Caroline R. Shiach. (2009) Are the new oral anticoagulant agents easy to use? Report from an orthopaedic ward. British Journal of Haematology 146:4, 461-464
CrossRef196
Timothy J. C. Nokes, Jonathan Keenan. (2009) Thromboprophylaxis in patients with lower limb immobilisation - review of current status. British Journal of Haematology 146:4, 361-368
CrossRef197
P. C. WONG, E. J. CRAIN, C. A. WATSON, B. XIN. (2009) Favorable therapeutic index of the direct factor Xa inhibitors, apixaban and rivaroxaban, compared with the thrombin inhibitor dabigatran in rabbits. Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis 7:8, 1313-1320
CrossRef198
Renato D. Lopes, Richard C. Becker, David Garcia, Elaine M. Hylek, Christopher B. Granger, Dayse M. Lourenço, Helena B. Nader, Francisco H. A. Maffei, Fernando H. Y. Cesena, José C. Nicolau, Ari Timmerman, Ana T. Rocha, Edison F. Paiva, Helio P. Guimaraes, Antonio C. Carvalho, Elbio A. D’Amico, Carlos A. Moreira-Filho, José M. Aldrighi, Antonio C. Lopes. (2009) Highlights from the I international symposium of thrombosis and anticoagulation in internal medicine, October 23–25, 2008, Sao Paulo, Brazil. Journal of Thrombosis and Thrombolysis 28:1, 106-116
CrossRef199
JL Mega, E Braunwald, S Mohanavelu, P Burton, R Poulter, F Misselwitz, V Hricak, ES Barnathan, P Bordes, A Witkowski, V Markov, L Oppenheimer, CM Gibson. (2009) Rivaroxaban versus placebo in patients with acute coronary syndromes (ATLAS ACS-TIMI 46): a randomised, double-blind, phase II trial. The Lancet 374:9683, 29-38
CrossRef200
M. A. CROWTHER, T. E. WARKENTIN. (2009) Managing bleeding in anticoagulated patients with a focus on novel therapeutic agents. Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis 7, 107-110
CrossRef201
Terry Chen, Sum Lam. (2009) Rivaroxaban. Cardiology in Review 17:4, 192-197
CrossRef202
Alejandro Lazo-Langner, Marc A. Rodger. (2009) Overview of Current Venous Thromboembolism Protocols in Hip Reconstruction. Orthopedic Clinics of North America 40:3, 427-436
CrossRef203
Hitinder S Gurm, Kim Eagle. (2009) Rivaroxaban in acute coronary syndromes: too soon to know?. The Lancet 374:9683, 3-4
CrossRef204
Alexander G. G. Turpie. 2009. Oral Direct Factor Xa Inhibitors. , 307-326.
CrossRef205
Walter Ageno. (2009) Rivaroxaban for the prevention of venous thromboembolism following major orthopedic surgery: the RECORD trials. Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy 7:6, 569-576
CrossRef206
Alexander GG Turpie, Michael R Lassen, Bruce L Davidson, Kenneth A Bauer, Michael Gent, Louis M Kwong, Fred D Cushner, Paul A Lotke, Scott D Berkowitz, Tiemo J Bandel, Alice Benson, Frank Misselwitz, William D Fisher. (2009) Rivaroxaban versus enoxaparin for thromboprophylaxis after total knee arthroplasty (RECORD4): a randomised trial. The Lancet 373:9676, 1673-1680
CrossRef207
Sylvia Haas. (2009) Rivaroxaban - an oral, direct Factor Xa inhibitor - lessons from a broad clinical study programme. European Journal of Haematology 82:5, 339-349
CrossRef208
M. R. LASSEN. (2009) Is the preoperative administration of enoxaparin 40 mg necessary to optimally prevent the occurrence of venous thromboembolism after hip surgery? A subanalysis of two pooled randomized trials. Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis 7:5, 889-891
CrossRef209
C. W. Khoo, K.-H. Tay, E. Shantsila, G. Y. H. Lip. (2009) Novel oral anticoagulants. International Journal of Clinical Practice 63:4, 630-641
CrossRef210
Douglas Elwood, Caroline Koo. (2009) Intraspinal Hematoma Following Neuraxial Anesthesia and Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin in Two Patients: Risks and Benefits of Anticoagulation. PM&R 1:4, 389-396
CrossRef211
Aurangzeb Siddique, Gregory YH Lip, Eduard Shantsila. (2009) Rivaroxaban, a new oral factor Xa inhibitor, provides new data on anticoagulation. Therapy 6:2, 187-189
CrossRef212
Beverley J. Hunt. (2009) The prevention of hospital-acquired venous thromboembolism in the United Kingdom. British Journal of Haematology 144:5, 642-652
CrossRef213
Paris J Abrams, Christopher R Emerson. (2009) Rivaroxaban: A Novel, Oral, Direct Factor Xa Inhibitor. Pharmacotherapy 29:2, 167-181
CrossRef214
David Garcia. (2009) Novel anticoagulants and the future of anticoagulation. Thrombosis Research 123, S50-S55
CrossRef215
Yoshimasa SHIMOTO, Satoshi KUNITADA. (2009) FXa inhibitors : Updates on clinical trial. Japanese Journal of Thrombosis and Hemostasis 20:5, 527-533
CrossRef216
T. Michael Farley, Daniel Lewis, Tracy E. Macaulay. (2009) In the Pipeline: New Oral Anticoagulants for the Prevention of Venous Thromboembolism. Orthopedics 32:1, 35-39
CrossRef217
C. Francès. (2008) Quoi de neuf en médecine interne. Annales de Dermatologie et de Vénéréologie 135, S335-S342
CrossRef218
(2008) Rivaroxaban for Thromboprophylaxis. New England Journal of Medicine 359:20, 2174-2176
Full Text219
Javier Granero Xiberta, José María Soler Minoves, Laura Garcia Nuño. (2008) Enfermedad tromboembólica en pacientes de cirugía ortopédica. Medicina Clínica 131, 18-24
CrossRef220
Dagmar Kubitza, Michael Becka, Angelika Roth, Wolfgang Mueck. (2008) Dose-escalation study of the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of rivaroxaban in healthy elderly subjects. Current Medical Research and Opinion 24:10, 2757-2765
CrossRef221
RICARDO J. KOMOTAR, ROBERT M. STARKE, E. SANDER CONNOLLY. (2008) Orally Administered Factor Xa Inhibitor, Rivaroxaban. Neurosurgery 63:4, N10-N11
CrossRef222
(2008) Rivaroxaban prevents blood clots after major orthopedic surgery. Nature Clinical Practice Rheumatology 4:10, 506-506
CrossRef223
H. R. Buller, A. W. A. Lensing, M. H. Prins, G. Agnelli, A. Cohen, A. S. Gallus, F. Misselwitz, G. Raskob, S. Schellong, A. Segers, . (2008) A dose-ranging study evaluating once-daily oral administration of the factor Xa inhibitor rivaroxaban in the treatment of patients with acute symptomatic deep vein thrombosis: the Einstein-DVT Dose-Ranging Study. Blood 112:6, 2242-2247
CrossRef224
Jacyntha A. Sterling. (2008) Hospital Pharmacy Pulse - Recent Publications on Medications and Pharmacy. Hospital Pharmacy 43:9, 770-776
CrossRef225
Alexander G.G. Turpie. (2008) Warfarin replacements: Mechanisms underlying emerging agents. Canadian Journal of Cardiology 24, 56C-60C
CrossRef226
A Veiraiah, HGM Shetty, PA Routledge. (2008) Prevention and treatment of venous thromboembolism in older people. Reviews in Clinical Gerontology 18:03, 219
CrossRef227
Lohrmann, Jens, Becker, Richard C., . (2008) New Anticoagulants — The Path from Discovery to Clinical Practice. New England Journal of Medicine 358:26, 2827-2829
Full Text228
C. W. Francis. (2008) New Issues in Oral Anticoagulants. Hematology 2008:1, 259-265
CrossRef
- Letters
