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Original Article

Long-Term Outcomes with Drug-Eluting Stents versus Bare-Metal Stents in Sweden

Bo Lagerqvist, M.D., Ph.D., Stefan K. James, M.D., Ph.D., Ulf Stenestrand, M.D., Ph.D., Johan Lindbäck, M.Sc., Tage Nilsson, M.D., Ph.D., and Lars Wallentin, M.D., Ph.D. for the SCAAR Study Group

N Engl J Med 2007; 356:1009-1019February 12, 2007

Abstract

Background

Recent reports have indicated that there may be an increased risk of late stent thrombosis with the use of drug-eluting stents, as compared with bare-metal stents.

Methods

We evaluated 6033 patients treated with drug-eluting stents and 13,738 patients treated with bare-metal stents in 2003 and 2004, using data from the Swedish Coronary Angiography and Angioplasty Registry. The outcome analysis covering a period of up to 3 years was based on 1424 deaths and 2463 myocardial infarctions and was adjusted for differences in baseline characteristics.

Results

The two study groups did not differ significantly in the composite of death and myocardial infarction during 3 years of follow-up. At 6 months, there was a trend toward a lower unadjusted event rate in patients with drug-eluting stents than in those with bare-metal stents, with 13.4 fewer such events per 1000 patients. However, after 6 months, patients with drug-eluting stents had a significantly higher event rate, with 12.7 more events per 1000 patients per year (adjusted relative risk, 1.20; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.05 to 1.37). At 3 years, mortality was significantly higher in patients with drug-eluting stents (adjusted relative risk, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.04 to 1.35), and from 6 months to 3 years, the adjusted relative risk for death in this group was 1.32 (95% CI, 1.11 to 1.57).

Conclusions

Drug-eluting stents were associated with an increased rate of death, as compared with bare-metal stents. This trend appeared after 6 months, when the risk of death was 0.5 percentage point higher and a composite of death or myocardial infarction was 0.5 to 1.0 percentage point higher per year. The long-term safety of drug-eluting stents needs to be ascertained in large, randomized trials.

Media in This Article

Figure 1Estimated Cumulative Event Rates.
Figure 2Landmark Analysis of All Study Patients.
Article

Prospective, randomized clinical trials have shown that in-stent restenosis is reduced by the use of drug-eluting stents, as compared with bare-metal stents.1,2 On the basis of prospective trials involving approximately 4500 patients, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved the use of drug-eluting stents for patients with previously untreated coronary lesions of less than 30 mm in length and a reference-vessel diameter of 2.50 to 3.75 mm. In these trials, the use of drug-eluting stents appeared to be safe, with no significant increase in cardiovascular events, as compared with bare-metal stents.3-6 However, the use of drug-eluting stents has rapidly been expanded to all types of patients, including those with more complicated coronary lesions and in acute settings.

Recently, pathoanatomical studies7,8 and meta-analyses of randomized trials9,10 and registries11 have raised concern about incomplete neointimal coverage with a subsequent increase in late stent thromboses in patients with drug-eluting stents.12,13 One randomized trial indicated that the implantation of drug-eluting stents was associated with an early reduction in death and myocardial infarction — an improvement that was lost during the subsequent 6 to 18 months by a late increase in the same events.14 Since there have been no prospective, randomized clinical trials involving long-term follow-up of the “off-label” use of drug-eluting stents,15 we determined that the evaluation of large clinical registries might provide useful information concerning the long-term efficacy and safety of drug-eluting stents. Therefore, we evaluated the long-term outcome in all patients who underwent stent implantation in Sweden in 2003 and 2004, as recorded in the Swedish Coronary Angiography and Angioplasty Registry (SCAAR), and conducted a follow-up analysis of death and myocardial infarction, using other national registries.

Methods

Study Population

Our study included all patients in Sweden who had received coronary stents from January 1, 2003, to December 31, 2004, for whom complete follow-up data were available from other national registries. The analyses were based on the type of stent implanted at the first recorded procedure, in which patients who received at least one drug-eluting stent were assigned to the drug-eluting–stent group, regardless of whether they had received another type of stent at any time; otherwise, patients were assigned to the bare-metal–stent group. In a sensitivity analysis, we separately evaluated the cohort of patients who had received only one stent (the one-stent subgroup) at the initial percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

SCAAR Data

SCAAR holds data on consecutive patients from all 26 centers that perform coronary angiography and PCI in Sweden. The registry is sponsored by the Swedish Health Authorities and is independent of commercial funding. The technology is developed and administered by the Uppsala Clinical Research Center. Since 2001, SCAAR has been Internet-based, with recording of data online through a Web interface in the catheterization laboratory; data are transferred in an encrypted format to a central server at the Uppsala Clinical Research Center. All consecutive patients undergoing coronary angiography or PCI are included. We compiled a list of the most important recorded variables in accordance with international recommendations (Table 1Table 1Characteristics of All Patients and the One-Stent Subgroup.).16 Information with respect to restenosis has been registered for patients undergoing subsequent coronary angiography for clinical reasons since the beginning of 2004. The Internet-based system provides each center with immediate and continuous feedback on processes and quality-of-care measures. Monitoring and verification of registry data have been performed in all hospitals since 2001 by comparing 50 entered variables in 20 randomly selected interventions per hospital and year with the patients' hospital records. The overall correspondence in data during the study period was 95.2%. By December 31, 2005, information on approximately 255,000 procedures had been collected in SCAAR.

The long-term follow-up was based on merging the SCAAR database with other national registries on the basis of the unique 10-digit personal identification number of each Swedish citizen. Data on vital status and date of death were obtained from the national population registry through June 30, 2006. We obtained data regarding hospital admissions for myocardial infarction (as defined in the International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision, disease codes, I21 and I22) from the Swedish Hospital Discharge Registry through December 31, 2005, except for one small county (with 417 patients) in which myocardial infarction could be evaluated only through December 31, 2004. The merging of the registries was performed by the Epidemiologic Center of the Swedish National Board of Health and Welfare and was approved by the local ethics committee at Uppsala University.

Statistical Analysis

We summarized baseline characteristics of the patients with medians and interquartile ranges for continuous variables and percentages for discrete variables. Cumulative event rates were estimated by the Kaplan–Meier method. The primary objective was to evaluate late-occurring events after the implantation of drug-eluting stents. The primary end point was the composite of death or myocardial infarction. Secondary end points were death, myocardial infarction, revascularization, and restenosis. To compensate for the nonrandomized design of our observational study, we used propensity-score methods.17 The individual propensity scores, defined as the conditional probability of obtaining a drug-eluting stent based on available covariables, were estimated with a multiple logistic-regression model. All prespecified covariates were included in the respective models for the two study populations as well as several interaction terms (Table 1). The predictive ability of each propensity-score model was evaluated by means of the C statistic.

To provide separate descriptions of the early and late relative risks of events, we performed a “landmark analysis”18 with a prespecified landmark set at 6 months. Adjusted relative risks were estimated from models in which the propensity score and the stent group were entered as covariates. For plotting purposes, the models were then refitted with the stent group as a stratification variable, and adjusted cumulative event rates were estimated at the overall average propensity score. Further addition of any of the variables that had already been incorporated through the propensity score did not materially alter the results. Death was regarded as a censoring event in the analysis of myocardial infarction. This analysis led to results that were similar to those obtained when the cumulative incidence of myocardial infarction was estimated in a competing-risks framework (data not shown). All reported P values are two-sided. All analyses were performed with the use of the statistical program R, version 2.4.0.19

Results

Characteristics of the Patients

During 2003 and 2004, a total of 19,771 patients were treated with 37,750 stents in 24,215 PCI procedures in Sweden and were entered into the database. Table 1 shows the characteristics of the 6033 patients with drug-eluting stents and 13,738 patients with bare-metal stents. The factor with the largest influence on the choice of stent was the geographic region. The use of drug-eluting stents ranged from 0.4 to 62.5% among centers and from 0.6 to 40.8% among geographic regions. On average, as compared with patients who received bare-metal stents, patients with drug-eluting stents were slightly younger and were more likely to be women; they also had a higher prevalence of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, heart failure, and renal dysfunction, and stable angina was more likely to be the indication for the procedure. Among patients with drug-eluting stents, pretreatment with clopidogrel was more common, but the periprocedural use of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors was less common. In the group with drug-eluting stents, more patients had undergone PCIs and coronary-artery bypass grafting (CABG), had multivessel and left main coronary artery disease, and had a higher number of implanted stents. Patients with bare-metal stents were older, were more likely to be men, and more often had primary PCIs for myocardial infarction with ST-segment elevation as the indication for receiving a stent. In the one-stent subgroup, the drug-eluting stents were generally longer and had smaller diameters than the bare-metal stents. Among the 3638 patients with drug-eluting stents in the one-stent subgroup, paclitaxel-eluting stents (Taxus Express, Boston Scientific) were used in 2608 patients (72%) and sirolimus-eluting stents (Cypher and Cypher Select, Cordis, Johnson & Johnson) in 1030 patients (28%).

Death and Myocardial Infarction

During the entire study period, 3887 events occurred, including 2463 myocardial infarctions (1713 in the group with bare-metal stents and 750 in the group with drug-eluting stents) and 1424 deaths (999 in the group with bare-metal stents and 425 in the group with drug-eluting stents). There was no significant difference between the two groups in the composite risk of death and myocardial infarction during the 3-year follow-up period (Figure 1A and 1BFigure 1Estimated Cumulative Event Rates.). At 6 months, there was an indication of a lower unadjusted event rate in the group with drug-eluting stents than in the group with bare-metal stents, with 13.4 fewer events per 1000 patients. However, during continued follow-up, there was a higher unadjusted event rate in the group with drug-eluting stents, with 12.7 more events per 1000 patients per year.

Accordingly, in the landmark analysis, the adjusted event rate tended to be lower in the group with drug-eluting stents during the initial 6 months (Figure 2AFigure 2Landmark Analysis of All Study Patients.). Thereafter, there was a continuous separation of the curves, with a significantly higher rate of events in patients with drug-eluting stents (relative risk, 1.20; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.05 to 1.37). In the one-stent subgroup, allowing for adjustment for characteristics of both stents and lesions, the outcome was similar, with a lower risk of death or myocardial infarction in the group with drug-eluting stents during the first 6 months (relative risk, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.69 to 0.98) and a higher risk after the first 6 months (relative risk, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.48) (Figure 3AFigure 3Landmark Analysis of the One-Stent Subgroup.). There were no significant differences in early outcome (P=0.40) or late outcome (P=0.30) between patients with paclitaxel-eluting stents and those with sirolimus-eluting stents.

Risk of Death

Propensity-score–adjusted Cox regression analysis showed a significantly higher risk of death in the group with drug-eluting stents than in the group with bare-metal stents (relative risk, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.04 to 1.35) (Figure 1C). At 6 months, the risk of death was similar in the two groups (Figure 2B). However, after 6 months, the risk of death was significantly higher in the group with drug-eluting stents, with a continuous separation of the events curves (relative risk, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.11 to 1.57).

Myocardial Infarction

At 6 months, the adjusted cumulative risk of myocardial infarction was lower in the group with drug-eluting stents (Figure 1D, 2C, and 3C). However, between 6 and 12 months, the risk of myocardial infarction was higher in the group with drug-eluting stents. Accordingly, in the landmark analysis, the event curves diverged over time, and after 6 months, there was a nonsignificant trend toward an increased risk of myocardial infarction both in the overall population (relative risk, 1.12; 95% CI, 0.95 to 1.32) and in the one-stent subgroup (relative risk, 1.18; 95% CI, 0.93 to 1.49).

New Revascularization and Restenosis

During follow-up, in the group with drug-eluting stents, 888 patients (14.7%) had new PCIs, 92 patients (1.5%) had coronary surgery, and 917 patients (15.2%) had new revascularization; in the group with bare-metal stents, 1989 patients (14.5%) had new PCIs, 403 patients (2.9%) had coronary surgery, and 2260 patients (16.5%) had new revascularization. Among the 2285 patients receiving a second stent, the median time to a repeated PCI was 138 days for both groups, but 558 of 710 patients (78.6%) in the group with drug-eluting stents received new drug-eluting stents, as compared with 869 of 1575 patients (55.2%) in the group with bare-metal stents. In a Cox regression analysis, as compared with the group with bare-metal stents, the group with drug-eluting stents had a lower adjusted risk of undergoing a new PCI (relative risk, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.82 to 0.98), CABG (relative risk, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.42 to 0.70), or any new revascularization (relative risk, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.77 to 0.92). Among 4587 patients with drug-eluting stents implanted in 2004, restenosis was registered in 165 (3.6%), as compared with 447 of 7564 patients (5.9%) with bare-metal stents. In a Cox regression analysis, the adjusted risk of restenosis was significantly lower in patients with drug-eluting stents than in those with bare-metal stents (relative risk, 0.40; 95% CI, 0.31 to 0.51).

Discussion

Our study compared the long-term outcome of drug-eluting stents versus bare-metal stents in a large cohort of unselected consecutive patients treated with coronary stents at all interventional centers in Sweden. The data are entered into SCAAR to be used as tools for the treatment of patients, which improves the reliability of such information. The validity was also supported by source-data verification, which had a 95% correspondence with patients' hospital records. The long-term follow-up was complete, since it was based on merging the SCAAR database with the national registries of vital statistics and of hospital admissions. Although the nonrandomized comparison between the study groups was adjusted for all available confounders, there is always a possibility of selection bias because of unknown confounders. However, in our study, the major reason for the selection of drug-eluting stents or bare-metal stents was the large variation in acceptance of the indications for these devices among the hospitals and geographic regions. Therefore, the selection of either type of device was often at random in relation to patient-related factors, which led to the opportunity to compare the group with drug-eluting stents with a contemporary, at least partly nonselected control group of patients with bare-metal stents.

Comparisons between nonrandomized groups usually are based on Cox regression analyses with adjustment for differences in all available background factors between the groups. However, these analyses require proportional hazards over time in order to make formal statistical comparisons between the groups appropriate. Therefore, the time course of events over the entire follow-up period was illustrated with unadjusted and propensity-score–adjusted cumulative event rates. For the matter of statistical inference, the groups were compared in landmark analyses with an offset at 6 months. We had two reasons for choosing a 6-month cutoff. First, the recommendation for the duration of clopidogrel treatment after stent placement is up to 6 months in most centers in Sweden. Second, despite initial differences in event rates between the main indications (myocardial infarction with ST-segment elevation, the acute coronary syndrome, and stable coronary artery disease), after 6 months the event rates became similar for all three main-indication groups. By this division in early and late risk, we also overcame the problem with nonproportional hazards, which allowed for the estimation of relative risks and confidence intervals. A similar approach was used by Eisenstein at al.20

Our study showed an increased long-term risk of death among patients with drug-eluting stents, as compared with patients with bare-metal stents, stemming from an increased risk of death after 6 months. When evaluating the event rates in the landmark analysis starting at 6 months, we found an approximate 30% increase in the risk of death, and it remained consistent over time. Concerning the composite of death and myocardial infarction, there was a trend toward a lower event rate during the initial 6 months and a consistently higher event rate thereafter. These findings were best demonstrated by the results in the one-stent subgroup, in which adjustment could be made for differences in lesion-related characteristics. Among patients with drug-eluting stents, this subgroup had a relatively lower composite event rate (18%) during the first 6 months but thereafter had a relatively higher rate (23%). This early gain and late loss in the composite event rate might have been related to the risk of stent-related thrombosis with drug-eluting stents that was initially lower and later higher than that with bare-metal stents. This finding corresponds to the results of a recent randomized trial.14

According to criteria recently proposed by the Academic Research Consortium, the late events in our study would correspond to “possible stent thrombosis.” The time course of these events also corresponds to the recent reports from the meta-analyses of randomized trials9,10,14 and registries.14 The likelihood that these events were caused by stent thrombosis is strengthened by the demonstration of incomplete neointimal coverage as a probable reason for late stent thromboses in patients with drug-eluting stents.12,13 Although stent thromboses seem to occur only in approximately 0.5% of patients treated with drug-eluting stents per year, this factor may still have an effect on the risk of death, since a fatal outcome has been reported in up to 45% of these patients.21 Our findings are a cause for worry, since they indicate a continuous increase of approximately 0.5% per year in the risk of death and an increase of 0.5 to 1.0% per year in the incidence of death or myocardial infarction after 6 months. If this increased risk is maintained during even longer periods than the 3 years of follow-up in our study, any initial gains in event rates will be superseded by the continuous loss in late events.

The increase in event rate was observed only after the first 6 months. Although no details on long-term use of clopidogrel are available, most patients were prescribed dual antiplatelet treatment for 6 months after implantation of drug-eluting stents but for only 1 to 3 months after implantation of bare-metal stents. Therefore, the early gain and late loss of clinical events in the group with drug-eluting stents might have been related to better protection with clopidogrel in the early phase and a prolonged need for such protection after 6 months. It has been proposed that the occurrence of late stent thrombosis may be due to delayed healing7,22 that may necessitate lifelong dual antiplatelet therapy. Such an interpretation is in accordance with the recently reported high rates of death and myocardial infarction in patients with drug-eluting stents after cessation of clopidogrel, from the Duke database.20

The average rate of use of drug-eluting stents increased substantially during the study period, but there remained a large variation among the centers and indications. Although geographic differences accounted for most of the differences in the use of drug-eluting stents, patient selection was also based on risk criteria for restenosis, as suggested by the higher percentage of clinical and angiographic high-risk features in patients with drug-eluting stents.23 The clinical restenosis rate was approximately 60% lower among patients with drug-eluting stents than among patients with bare-metal stents. However, the restenosis rate after the implantation of bare-metal stents (5.9%) and the absolute differences in the rates of restenosis (3%) and reintervention (1%) between the two groups were lower in our study than in randomized clinical trials and in other registry data.24-26 The low incidence of restenosis and reintervention after the implantation of bare-metal stents and the small difference after the implantation of drug-eluting stents do not support the need for drug-eluting stents in patients at low or intermediate risk for restenosis.

Despite our use of appropriate statistical adjustments, differences in baseline characteristics or selection criteria that might not have been recorded could remain. Potential alternative explanations exist for the crossing of event curves — for example, multiple selection biases, such as higher early-event rates in patients with bare-metal stents because of a higher proportion of patients with myocardial infarction with ST-segment elevation and higher late-event rates in patients with drug-eluting stents because of a higher proportion of high-risk patients. Also, changes in event rates over time might have been influenced by the smaller number of patients with drug-eluting stents early in the study period. Another limitation is the lack of information about the duration of clopidogrel treatment in individual patients.

In conclusion, we showed that patients with drug-eluting stents had an 18% increase in the relative long-term risk of death, as compared with patients with bare-metal stents — an increase that corresponded to an absolute increase of 0.5% in the risk of death per year after the initial 6 months. The analysis of the composite of death and myocardial infarction indicated a lower event rate during the first 6 months but thereafter an increase of approximately 20%, which corresponded to an absolute increase of 0.5 to 1.0% per year. Although the rate of clinically observed restenosis was 60% lower among patients with drug-eluting stents, the absolute difference did not amount to more than 3%. Therefore, a generalized, unselective use of drug-eluting stents should be avoided until randomized studies with an adequate number of patients and long-term follow-up have ruled out any increased long-term risk. Such studies should also provide clear evidence about the duration of dual antiplatelet therapy and the risk–benefit ratio in subgroups of patients based on clinical and angiographic risk criteria.

Supported by funds from the Swedish Association of Local Authorities and Regions and the Swedish Heart–Lung Foundation (to SCAAR and the Uppsala Clinical Research Center) and by a grant from the Swedish Board of Health and Welfare and the Swedish Medical Products Agency.

No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

This article (10.1056/NEJMoa067722) was published at www.nejm.org on February 12, 2007.

Source Information

From the Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala (B.L., S.K.J., J.L., T.N., L.W.); and Linköping University Hospital, Linköping (U.S.) — both in Sweden.

Address reprint requests to Dr. Lagerqvist at the Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University Hospital, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden, or at .

Members of the Swedish Coronary Angiography and Angioplasty Registry (SCAAR) study group are listed in the Appendix.

Appendix

The following persons and institutions have contributed to this work: SCAAR Steering Committee: T. Nilsson, Karlstad (chair); P. Albertsson, Göteborg; J. Carlsson, Kalmar; P. Eriksson, Umeå; S. James, Uppsala; J. Jensen, Stockholm; T. Kellerth, Örebro; B. Lagerqvist, Uppsala; H. Olsson, Karlstad; F. Scherstén, Helsingborg; I. Sjögren, Falun; U. Stenestrand, Linköping; B. Thorvinger, Lund; and P. Tornvall, Stockholm. Uppsala Clinical Research Center: L. Wallentin, director; R. Svensson, system developer; O. Felton, system developer; K. Spångberg, data manager; and E. Svensson, monitor. Epidemiologic Center, Swedish Board of Health and Welfare: M. Köster, statistician. SCAAR Centers and Responsible Physicians: Borås, L. Robertson; Danderyd, T. Särev; Eskilstuna, F. Hjortevang; Falun, I. Sjögren; Gävle, L. Hellsten; Halmstad, P. Hårdhammar; Helsingborg, L. Sandhall; Karolinska University in Huddinge, B. Lindvall; Kalmar, J. Carlsson; Karolinska University in Solna, J. Jensen; Karlskrona, C.-M. Pripp; Kristianstad, R. Uher; Linköping University, U. Stenestrand; Lunds University, B. Thorvinger; Ryhov, J.-W. Puskar; Malmö University, C.-G. Gustavsson; Sahlgrenska University in Göteborg, P. Albertsson; Skövde, A. Kallryd; St. Göran in Stockholm, H. Enhörning; Sunderby Hospital in Luleå, A. Johansson; Södersjukhuset in Stockholm, M. Aasa; Trollhättan, D. Ioanes; Umeå University, J. Nilsson; Uppsala University, O. Duvernoy; Västerås, U. Björklind; and Örebro University, T. Kellerth.

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Citing Articles

  1. 1

    Ruiqiang Hang, Ming Zhang, Shengli Ma, Paul K. Chu. (2012) Biological response of endothelial cells to diamond-like carbon-coated NiTi alloy. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A 100A:2, 496-506
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    Ke Yang, YiBin Ren, Peng Wan. (2012) High nitrogen nickel-free austenitic stainless steel: A promising coronary stent material. Science China Technological Sciences 55:2, 329-340
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    Estelle Vautrin, Gilles Barone-Rochette, Benoit Berthoud, Stéphanie Marlière, Hélène Bouvaist, Bernard Bertrand, Olivier Ormezzano, Jacques Machecourt, Gérald Vanzetto. (2012) Very late stent thrombosis after drug eluting stent: Management therapy guided by intravascular ultrasound imaging. International Journal of Cardiology 154:3, 349-351
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    Guo Hua Zheng, Jian Ping Liu, Jianfeng Chu, Lijuan Mei, Hai Ying Chen, Guo Hua Zheng. 2012. Xiongshao for restenosis after percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with coronary heart disease. .
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    G. Sarno, B. Lagerqvist, O. Frobert, J. Nilsson, G. Olivecrona, E. Omerovic, N. Saleh, D. Venetzanos, S. James. (2012) Lower risk of stent thrombosis and restenosis with unrestricted use of 'new-generation' drug-eluting stents: a report from the nationwide Swedish Coronary Angiography and Angioplasty Registry (SCAAR). European Heart Journal
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    Helèn Boden, Bas L. van der Hoeven, Su-San Liem, Jael Z. Atary, Suzanne C. Cannegieter, Douwe E. Atsma, Marianne Bootsma, J. Wouter Jukema, Katja Zeppenfeld, Pranobe V. Oemrawsingh, Ernst E. van der Wall, Martin J. Schalij. (2012) Five-year clinical follow-up from the MISSION! Intervention Study: sirolimus-eluting stent versus bare metal stent implantation in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction, a randomised controlled trial. EuroIntervention 7:9, 1021-1029
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    Giovanna Sarno, Bo Lagerqvist, Jörg Carlsson, Göran Olivecrona, Johan Nilsson, Fredrik Calais, Matthias Götberg, Tage Nilsson, Iwar Sjögren, Stefan James. (2012) Initial clinical experience with an everolimus eluting platinum chromium stent (Promus Element) in unselected patients from the Swedish Coronary Angiography and Angioplasty Registry (SCAAR). International Journal of Cardiology
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    Tullio Palmerini, Laura Alessi, Nicole Rizzo, George Dangas. (2012) Percutaneous revascularization of left main. Catheterization and Cardiovascular Interventionsn/a-n/a
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    Zhi Jian Wang, Yu Jie Zhou, Ying Xin Zhao, Yu Yang Liu, Dong Mei Shi, Xiao Li Liu, Miao Yu, Fei Gao. (2012) Effect of Obesity on Repeat Revascularization in Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention With Drug-Eluting Stents. Obesity 20:1, 141-146
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    Kentaro Ejiri, Masaharu Ishihara, Kazuoki Dai, Takashi Miki, Ichiro Inoue, Takuji Kawagoe, Yuji Shimatani, Fumiharu Miura, Yasuharu Nakama, Takayuki Otani, Hiroki Ikenaga, Nozomu Oda, Masayuki Nakamura. (2012) Three-Year Follow-up of Sirolimus-Eluting Stents vs. Bare Metal Stents for Acute Myocardial Infarction. Circulation Journal 76:1, 65-70
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    Tracy Y. Wang, Frederick A. Masoudi, John C. Messenger, Kendrick A. Shunk, Andrew Boyle, J. Matthew Brennan, H. Vernon Anderson, Kevin J. Anstrom, David Dai, Eric D. Peterson, Pamela S. Douglas, John S. Rumsfeld. (2012) Percutaneous Coronary Intervention and Drug-Eluting Stent Use Among Patients ≥85 Years of Age in the United States. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 59:2, 105-112
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    Mahn-Won Park, Sung-Ho Her, Jong Bum Kwon, Jae Beom Lee, Min-Seok Choi, Jung Sun Cho, Dong-Bin Kim, Wook-Sung Chung, Ki-Bae Seung, Keon-Yeop Kim. (2012) Safety of Dental Extractions in Coronary Drug-Eluting Stenting Patients Without Stopping Multiple Antiplatelet Agents. Clinical Cardiologyn/a-n/a
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    Daisuke Yoshino, Masaaki Sato. (2011) Design Method of Self-expanding Stent Suitable for Diverse Clinical Manifestation Based on Mechanical Properties. Cardiovascular Engineering and Technology 2:4, 361-371
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    Gennaro Sardella, Giulia Conti, Teodoro Bisceglia, Emanuele Canali, Massimo Mancone, Carlotta De Carlo, Leonardo Spedicato, Giorgio Morocutti, Francesco Fedele, Guglielmo Bernardi. (2011) Long-term outcome after drug-eluting stent implantation in unselected population: ROME and UDINE Experience (The RUDI Registry). Catheterization and Cardiovascular Interventions 78:7, 1068-1075
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    G. Lemesle, C. Delhaye. (2011) La thrombose de stent, de plus en plus rare !. Annales de Cardiologie et d'Angéiologie 60:6, 338-346
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    , B. Scheller, B. Levenson, M. Joner, R. Zahn, V. Klauss, C. Naber, V. Schächinger, A. Elsässer. (2011) Medikamente freisetzende Koronarstents und mit Medikamenten beschichtete Ballonkatheter. Der Kardiologe 5:6, 411-435
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    Herbert D. Aronow, Robert L. Strawderman, Mauro Moscucci, Mark E. Cowen. (2011) Duration of evidence-based medical therapy and the hazard for atherothrombotic events following percutaneous coronary intervention. International Journal of Cardiology 153:3, 262-266
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    Ron Waksman, Gabriel Maluenda. (2011) Polymer drug-eluting stents: is the future biodegradable?. The Lancet 378:9807, 1900-1902
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    Woong Chol Kang, Taehoon Ahn, Kyounghoon Lee, Seung Hwan Han, Eak Kyun Shin, Myung Ho Jeong, Jung Han Yoon, Jong Sun Park, Jang Ho Bae, Seung Ho Hur, Seung Woon Rha, Seok Kyu Oh, Doo Il Kim, Yangsoo Jang, Jae Woong Choi, Byung Ok Kim. (2011) Comparison of zotarolimus-eluting stents versus sirolimus-eluting stents versus paclitaxel-eluting stents for primary percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction: results from the Korean Multicentre Endeavor (KOMER) acute myocardial infarction (AMI) trial. EuroIntervention 7:8, 936-943
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    William Chan, Andrew E. Ajani, David J. Clark, Dion Stub, Nick Andrianopoulos, Angela L. Brennan, Gishel New, Martin Sebastian, Rozanne Johnston, Antony Walton, Christopher M. Reid, Anthony M. Dart, Stephen J. Duffy. (2011) Impact of Periprocedural Atrial Fibrillation on Short-Term Clinical Outcomes Following Percutaneous Coronary Intervention. The American Journal of Cardiology
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    William Chan, Dion Stub, David J. Clark, Andrew E. Ajani, Nick Andrianopoulos, Angela L. Brennan, Gishel New, Alexander Black, James A. Shaw, Christopher M. Reid, Anthony M. Dart, Stephen J. Duffy. (2011) Usefulness of Transient and Persistent No Reflow to Predict Adverse Clinical Outcomes Following Percutaneous Coronary Intervention. The American Journal of Cardiology
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    Andreas Synetos, Konstantinos Toutouzas, Antonis Karanasos, Konstantinos Stathogiannis, Georgia Triantafyllou, Eleutherios Tsiamis, Stamatios Lerakis, Christodoulos Stefanadis. (2011) Differences in Drug-Eluting Stents Used in Coronary Artery Disease. The American Journal of the Medical Sciences 342:5, 402-408
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    Dimitrios Alexopoulos. (2011) Acute myocardial infarction late following stent implantation: Incidence, mechanisms and clinical presentation. International Journal of Cardiology 152:3, 295-301
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    Shann S. Yu, Ryan A. Ortega, Brendan W. Reagan, John A. McPherson, Hak-Joon Sung, Todd D. Giorgio. (2011) Emerging applications of nanotechnology for the diagnosis and management of vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Nanomedicine and Nanobiotechnology 3:6, 620-646
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    Han S. Lim, Dion Stub, Andrew E. Ajani, Nick Andrianopoulos, Christopher M. Reid, Kerrie Charter, Alexander Black, Karen Smith, Gishel New, William Chan, Chris C.S. Lim, Omar Farouque, James Shaw, Angela Brennan, Stephen J. Duffy, David J. Clark. (2011) Survival in patients with myocardial infarction complicated by out-of-hospital cardiac arrest undergoing emergency percutaneous coronary intervention. International Journal of Cardiology
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    John Fani Srour, Gerald W. Smetana. (2011) Triple therapy in hospitalized patients: Facts and controversies. Journal of Hospital Medicine 6:9, 537-545
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    Manrico Balbi, Massimiliano Fedele, Gian P. Bezante, Claudio Brunelli, Antonio Barsotti. (2011) Acute myocardial infarction related to very late sirolimus-eluting stent thrombosis 6 months after discontinuation of dual antiplatelet therapy. Journal of Cardiovascular Medicine 12:11, 839-842
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    Didier Carrié, Hélène Eltchaninoff, Thierry Lefèvre, Marc Silvestri, Philippe Brunel, Jean Fajadet, Anouska Moynagh, Martine Gilard, René Koning, Alain Dibie, Olivier Darremont, Jean Marc Lablanche, Didier Blanchard. (2011) Early and long-term results of unprotected left main coronary artery stenosis with paclitaxel-eluting stents: the FRIEND (French multicentre registry for stenting of unprotected LMCA stenosis) registry. EuroIntervention 7:6, 680-688
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    William McLeish Wilson, Nick Andrianopoulos, David Clark, Stephen James Duffy, Angela Brennan, Iwan Harries, Gishel New, Martin Sebastian, Philippa Loane, Christopher Reid, Andrew Edward Ajani. (2011) Long-Term Predictors of Mortality After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in the Era of Drug-Eluting Stents. The American Journal of Cardiology 108:7, 936-942
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    J. L. Gutierrez-Chico, R. J. van Geuns, E. Regar, W. J. van der Giessen, H. Kelbaek, K. Saunamaki, J. Escaned, N. Gonzalo, C. di Mario, F. Borgia, E. Nuesch, H. M. Garcia-Garcia, S. Silber, S. Windecker, P. W. Serruys. (2011) Tissue coverage of a hydrophilic polymer-coated zotarolimus-eluting stent vs. a fluoropolymer-coated everolimus-eluting stent at 13-month follow-up: an optical coherence tomography substudy from the RESOLUTE All Comers trial. European Heart Journal 32:19, 2454-2463
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    Terry W. J. Steele, Charlotte L. Huang, Saranya Kumar, Effendi Widjaja, Freddy Yin Chiang Boey, Joachim S.C. Loo, Subbu S. Venkatraman. (2011) High-throughput screening of PLGA thin films utilizing hydrophobic fluorescent dyes for hydrophobic drug compounds. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 100:10, 4317-4329
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    Juan Luis Gutiérrez-Chico, Robert Jan van Geuns, Karel Koch, Jacques Koolen, Henricus Duckers, Evelyn Regar, Patrick Serruys. (2011) Paclitaxel-coated balloon in combination with bare metal stent for treatment of de novo coronary lesions: an optical coherence tomography first-in-human randomised trial, balloon first vs. stent first. EuroIntervention 7:6, 711-722
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    Takeshi Kimura, Takeshi Morimoto, Yutaka Furukawa, Yoshihisa Nakagawa, Kazushige Kadota, Masashi Iwabuchi, Satoshi Shizuta, Hiroki Shiomi, Tomohisa Tada, Junichi Tazaki, Yoshihiro Kato, Mamoru Hayano, Mitsuru Abe, Takashi Tamura, Manabu Shirotani, Shinji Miki, Mitsuo Matsuda, Mamoru Takahashi, Katsuhisa Ishii, Masaru Tanaka, Takeshi Aoyama, Osamu Doi, Ryuichi Hattori, Ryozo Tatami, Satoru Suwa, Akinori Takizawa, Yoshiki Takatsu, Masaaki Takahashi, Hiroshi Kato, Teruki Takeda, Jong-Dae Lee, Ryuji Nohara, Hisao Ogawa, Chuwa Tei, Minoru Horie, Hirofumi Kambara, Hisayoshi Fujiwara, Kazuaki Mitsudo, Masakiyo Nobuyoshi, Toru Kita. (2011) Long-term safety and efficacy of sirolimus-eluting stents versus bare-metal stents in real world clinical practice in Japan. Cardiovascular Intervention and Therapeutics 26:3, 234-245
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    Wan Azman Wan Ahmad, Rosli Mohd Ali, Mehrunnissa Khanom, Chee Kok Han, Liew Houng Bang, Alan Fong Yean Yip, Azmee Mohd Ghazi, Omar Ismail, Robaayah Zambahari, Sim Kui Hian. (2011) The journey of Malaysian NCVD—PCI (National Cardiovascular Disease Database—Percutaneous Coronary Intervention) Registry: A summary of three years report. International Journal of Cardiology
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    Nobuo Sakamoto, Kazuhiko Nakazato, Tomofumi Misaka, Hiroyuki Mizukami, Hiroyuki Kunii, Hitoshi Suzuki, Shu-ichi Saitoh, Yasuchika Takeishi. (2011) Very late stent thrombosis and neointimal plaque rupture after implantation of sirolimus-eluting stents: observations with angiography, IVUS and OCT. Cardiovascular Intervention and Therapeutics 26:3, 263-268
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    Volker Klauss, Patrick W. Serruys, Thomas Pilgrim, Pawel Buszman, Axel Linke, Thomas Ischinger, Franz Eberli, Roberto Corti, William Wijns, Marie-Claude Morice, Carlo di Mario, Robert Jan van Geuns, Gerrit-Anne van Es, Bindu Kalesan, Peter Wenaweser, Peter Jüni, Stephan Windecker. (2011) 2-Year Clinical Follow-Up From the Randomized Comparison of Biolimus-Eluting Stents With Biodegradable Polymer and Sirolimus-Eluting Stents With Durable Polymer in Routine Clinical Practice. JACC: Cardiovascular Interventions 4:8, 887-895
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    Young Bin Song, Sang-Yeub Lee, Joo-Yong Hahn, Seung-Hyuk Choi, Jin-Ho Choi, Sang Hoon Lee, Kyung Pyo Hong, Jeong Euy Park, Hyeon-Cheol Gwon. (2011) Complete versus incomplete revascularization for treatment of multivessel coronary artery disease in the drug-eluting stent era. Heart and Vessels
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    Tae-Hoon Kim, Jung-Sun Kim, Byoung-Keuk Kim, Young-Guk Ko, Donghoon Choi, Yangsoo Jang, Myeong-Ki Hong. (2011) Long-term (≥2 years) follow-up optical coherence tomographic study after sirolimus- and paclitaxel-eluting stent implantation: comparison to 9-month follow-up results. The International Journal of Cardiovascular Imaging 27:6, 875-881
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    Wan Azman Wan Ahmad, Rosli Mohd Ali, Robaayah Zambahari, Omar Ismail, Lee Chuey Yan, Liew Houng Bang, Chee Kok Han, Sim Kui Hian. (2011) Highlights of the first Malaysian National Cardiovascular Disease Database (NCVD): Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) Registry. CVD Prevention and Control 6:2, 57-61
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    Gabriella Visconti, Amelia Focaccio, Davide Tavano, Flavio Airoldi, Carlo Briguori. (2011) The CID Chrono™ cobalt–chromium alloy carbofilm-coated coronary stent system. International Journal of Cardiology 149:2, 199-204
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    Q. Guo, Z. Lu, Y. Zhang, S. Li, J. Yang. (2011) In vivo study on the histocompatibility and degradation behavior of biodegradable poly(trimethylene carbonate-co-D,L-lactide). Acta Biochimica et Biophysica Sinica 43:6, 433-440
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    Yue Li, Ravinay Bhindi, Levon M. Khachigian. (2011) Recent developments in drug-eluting stents. Journal of Molecular Medicine 89:6, 545-553
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    Qing-Kui Guo, Zhi-Qian Lu, Jin-Ye Wang, Tao Li. (2011) In vivo evaluation of a novel dexamethasone-heparin-double-coated stent for inhibition of artery restenosis and thrombosis. Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine 22:6, 1615-1623
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    Juan Luis Gutiérrez-Chico, Evelyn Regar, Robert-Jan van Geuns, Scot Garg, Carl Schultz, Nicolas van Mieghem, Henricus Duckers, Patrick W Serruys. (2011) Moxy® drug-coated balloon: a novel device for the treatment of coronary and peripheral vascular disease. EuroIntervention 7:2, 274-277
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    Lorenz Räber, Stephan Windecker. (2011) Current Status of Drug-Eluting Stents. Cardiovascular Therapeutics 29:3, 176-189
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    Xiaobai Wang, Jinglei Li, Hong Zhang, Yan Zhang. (2011) Evaluation of the small intestinal submucosa covered stent in preventing restenosis after percutaneous transluminal angioplasty in the swine. European Journal of Radiology
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    R. Tsuburaya, S. Yasuda, T. Shiroto, Y. Ito, J. Y. Gao, K. Aizawa, Y. Kikuchi, K. Ito, J. Takahashi, H. Ishibashi-Ueda, H. Shimokawa. (2011) Long-term treatment with nifedipine suppresses coronary hyperconstricting responses and inflammatory changes induced by paclitaxel-eluting stent in pigs in vivo: possible involvement of Rho-kinase pathway. European Heart Journal
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    Bernardo Cortese, Alessandra Bertoletti, Sara De Matteis, Gian Battista Danzi, Adnan Kastrati. (2011) Drug-eluting stents perform better than bare metal stents in small coronary vessels: A meta-analysis of randomised and observational clinical studies with mid-term follow up. International Journal of Cardiology
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    Sigmund Silber, Juan Luis Gutiérrez-Chico, Steffen Behrens, Bernhard Witzenbichler, Marcus Wiemer, Stefan Hoffmann, Ton  Slagboom, Darius Harald, Harry Suryapranata, Christoph Nienaber, Bernard Chevalier, Patrick Serruys. (2011) Effect of paclitaxel elution from reservoirs with bioabsorbable polymer compared to a bare metal stent for the elective percutaneous treatment of de novo coronary stenosis: the EUROSTAR-II randomised clinical trial. EuroIntervention 7:1, 64-73
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    Paolo Ortolani, Emilia Solinas, Paolo Guastaroba, Gianni Casella, Antonio Manari, Giancarlo Piovaccari, Marco Balducelli, Stefano Tondi, Gianfranco Percoco, Fabio Tarantino, Francesco Passerini, Rosario Rossi, Luigi Vignali, Rossana De Palma, Roberto Grilli, Antonio Marzocchi. (2011) Long-term clinical outcomes after drug eluting stent implantation in women with de novo coronary lesions. International Journal of Cardiology 149:1, 55-62
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    Wei Xu, Ting Guo, Yan Zhang, Xiaohong Jiang, Yongxian Zhang, Ke Zen, Bo Yu, Chen-Yu Zhang. (2011) The inhibitory effect of dexamethasone on platelet-derived growth factor-induced vascular smooth muscle cell migration through up-regulating PGC-1α expression. Experimental Cell Research 317:8, 1083-1092
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    I. Akin, H. Schneider, H. Ince, S. Kische, T.C. Rehders, T. Chatterjee, C.A. Nienaber. (2011) Second- and third-generation drug-eluting coronary stents. Herz 36:3, 190-197
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    Duk-Woo Park, Young-Hak Kim, Sung-Cheol Yun, Hae Geun Song, Jung-Min Ahn, Jun-Hyok Oh, Won-Jang Kim, Jong-Young Lee, Soo-Jin Kang, Seung-Whan Lee, Cheol Whan Lee, Seong-Wook Park, Seung-Jung Park. (2011) Complexity of Atherosclerotic Coronary Artery Disease and Long-Term Outcomes in Patients With Unprotected Left Main Disease Treated With Drug-Eluting Stents or Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 57:21, 2152-2159
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    Dimitrios Alexopoulos, Ioanna Xanthopoulou, Vasileios Karantalis, Georgia Mitropoulou, Anastasia Damelou, Periklis Davlouros. (2011) Simultaneous Drug-Eluting and Bare-Metal Stent Implantation: Long-Term Clinical Outcome and Findings of Clinically Indicated Coronary Angiography. Clinical Cardiology 34:5, 317-321
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    Adriano Caixeta, Alexandre Abizaid, George D. Dangas, Martin B. Leon. 2011. Novel Drug Eluting Stent Systems. , 539-555.
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    Ajay J. Kirtane, Adriano Caixeta, Philippe Généreux, Rikesh Patel, Jeffrey W. Moses. 2011. Sirolimus and Paclitaxel Eluting Stent Clinical Studies. , 502-518.
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    K. J. Lu, B. P. Yan, A. E. Ajani, W. M. Wilson, S. J. Duffy, R. Gurvitch, D. J. Clark, A. Brennan, C. Reid, N. Andrianopoulos, H. Krum, . (2011) Impact of concomitant heart failure on outcomes in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary interventions: analysis of the Melbourne Interventional Group registry. European Journal of Heart Failure 13:4, 416-422
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    Mariano Valdés Chavarri, Armando Bethencourt, Eduardo Pinar, Alfredo Gomez, Javier Fernández Portales, Francisco Pomar, Isabel Calvo, Jose Ramón López Minguez, Raúl Valdesuso, José Moreu, Antonio Martínez, Wail Nammas. (2011) Titanium-nitride-oxIde-coated stents multicenter registry in diaBEtic patienTs: the TIBET registry. Heart and Vessels
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    (2011) Drug-Eluting or Bare-Metal Stents in Large Coronary Arteries. New England Journal of Medicine 364:12, 1178-1180
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    David M. Martin, Fergal J. Boyle. (2011) Drug-eluting stents for coronary artery disease: A review. Medical Engineering & Physics 33:2, 148-163
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    Dhavalkumar Patel, Brian Walitt, Joseph Lindsay, Robert L. Wilensky. (2011) Role of Pioglitazone in the Prevention of Restenosis and Need for Revascularization After Bare-Metal Stent Implantation. JACC: Cardiovascular Interventions 4:3, 353-360
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    Satheesh Nair, Farzin Fath-Ordoubadi, Bernard Clarke, Magdi El-Omar, James Foley, Doug G. Fraser, Vaikom S. Mahadevan, Ludwig Neyses, Raj S. Khattar, Mamas A. Mamas. (2011) Late outcomes of drug eluting and bare metal stents in saphenous vein graft percutaneous coronary intervention. EuroIntervention 6:8, 985-991
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    Alamgir MN Kabir, Amalan Selvarajah, Alexander M Seifalian. (2011) How safe and how good are drug-eluting stents?. Future Cardiology 7:2, 251-270
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    Ioannis Tentzeris, Rudolf Jarai, Serdar Farhan, Johann Wojta, Martin Schillinger, Alexander Geppert, Michael Nürnberg, Gerhard Unger, Kurt Huber. (2011) Long-term outcome after drug-eluting stent implantation in comparison with bare metal stents: a single centre experience. Clinical Research in Cardiology 100:3, 191-200
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    Fiona Foo, Keith G Oldroyd. (2011) Clinical value of antiplatelet therapy in patients with acute coronary syndromes and in percutaneous coronary intervention. Biomarkers in Medicine 5:1, 9-30
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    Payman Zamani, Scott Kinlay. (2011) Long-term risk of clinical events from stenting side branches of coronary bifurcation lesions with drug-eluting and bare-metal stents: An observational meta-analysis. Catheterization and Cardiovascular Interventions 77:2, 202-212
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    Antonio Manari, Paolo Ortolani, Paolo Guastaroba, Paolo Marzaroli, Mila Menozzi, Paolo Magnavacchi, Elisabetta Varani, Luigi Vignali, Gianluca Campo, Antonio Marzocchi. (2011) Long-term outcomes with cobalt-chromium bare-metal vs. drug-eluting stents: the REgistro regionale AngiopLastiche dellʼEmilia-Romagna registry. Journal of Cardiovascular Medicine 12:2, 102-109
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    PASI P. KARJALAINEN, ANTTI YLITALO, JUHANI KE AIRAKSINEN, WAIL NAMMAS. (2011) Five-Year Clinical Outcome of Titanium-Nitride-Oxide-Coated Bioactive Stent Implantation in a Real-World Population: A Comparison with Paclitaxel-eluting Stents: The PORI Registry. Journal of Interventional Cardiology 24:1, 1-8
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    Satoko Tahara, Daniel Chamié, Motaz Baibars, Chadi Alraies, Marco Costa. (2011) Optical coherence tomography endpoints in stent clinical investigations: strut coverage. The International Journal of Cardiovascular Imaging 27:2, 271-287
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    Gadi Wollstein, Joel S. Schuman, Cetin Karaca, Sevdenur Cizginer, William R. Brugge, Ik-Kyung Jang, Jin-Man Cho, Peter K. Dempsey. 2011. Current Imaging Approaches and Further Imaging Needs in Clinical Medicine: A Clinician's Perspective. , 47-83.
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    Jung-Won Suh, Seung-Pyo Lee, Kyung-Woo Park, Hae-Young Lee, Hyun-Jae Kang, Bon-Kwon Koo, Young-Seok Cho, Tae-Jin Youn, In-Ho Chae, Dong-Ju Choi, Seung-Woon Rha, Jang-Ho Bae, Taek-Geun Kwon, Jang-Whan Bae, Myeong-Chan Cho, Hyo-Soo Kim. (2011) Multicenter Randomized Trial Evaluating the Efficacy of Cilostazol on Ischemic Vascular Complications After Drug-Eluting Stent Implantation for Coronary Heart Disease. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 57:3, 280-289
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    Johannes Riegler, Kevin D. Lau, Ana Garcia-Prieto, Anthony N. Price, Toby Richards, Quentin A. Pankhurst, Mark F. Lythgoe. (2011) Magnetic cell delivery for peripheral arterial disease: A theoretical framework. Medical Physics 38:7, 3932
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    Seok-Jae Hwang, Kyung Woo Park, Dong-A Kwon, Hyun-Jae Kang, Bon-Kwon Koo, In-Ho Chae, Hyeon-Cheol Gwon, Seung-Jung Park, Ki Bae Seung, Taehoon Ahn, Jung-Han Yoon, Yang-Soo Jang, Myung-Ho Jeong, Seung-Jea Tahk, Hyo-Soo Kim, The Korea Stent Thrombosis Investig. (2011) High Plasma Interleukin-6 Is Associated With Drug-Eluting Stent Thrombosis. Circulation Journal 75:6, 1350-1357
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    Jin Sook Kwon, Rho Kwan Park, Tae Jin Shim, Myung Ho Jeong, Myeong Chan Cho, Youngkeun Ahn, Dong-Woon Kim. (2011) Comparison of bare metal stent and paclitaxel-eluting stent using a novel rat aorta stent model. Journal of Veterinary Science 12:2, 143
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    Hiroyuki Hao, Hatsue Ishibashi-Ueda, Masahiko Tsujimoto, Yasunori Ueda, Junya Shite, Giulio Gabbiani, Kenichi Fujii, Seiichi Hirota. (2011) Drug-Eluting Stent. Circulation Journal 75:7, 1548-1558
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    Marcel A.M. Beijk, Karel T. Koch, Jan G.P. Tijssen, José P.S. Henriques, Jan Baan, Marije M. Vis, Martin G. Meesterman, Jan J. Piek, Robbert J. de Winter. (2011) A retrospective analysis of consecutive patients undergoing nonurgent percutaneous coronary intervention comparing bare metal stents with drug-eluting stents using the National Institute for Clinical Excellence criteria. Coronary Artery Disease 22:1, 32-39
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    Yosinobu Onuma, John Ormiston, Patrick W. Serruys. (2011) Bioresorbable Scaffold Technologies. Circulation Journal 75:3, 509-520
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    Duk-Woo Park, Young-Hak Kim, Hae-Geun Song, Jung-Min Ahn, Junhyok Oh, Won-Jang Kim, Jong-Young Lee, Soo-Jin Kang, Seung-Whan Lee, Cheol-Whan Lee, Seong-Wook Park, Sung-Cheol Yun, Sung Ho Jung, Suk-Jung Choo, Cheol-Hyun Chung, Jae-Won Lee, Seung-Jung Park. (2011) Long-Term Comparison of Drug-Eluting Stents and Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting for Multivessel Coronary Revascularization. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 57:2, 128-137
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