Original Article
Class of Antiretroviral Drugs and the Risk of Myocardial Infarction
N Engl J Med 2007; 356:1723-1735April 26, 2007
- Abstract
Background
We have previously demonstrated an association between combination antiretroviral therapy and the risk of myocardial infarction. It is not clear whether this association differs according to the class of antiretroviral drugs. We conducted a study to investigate the association of cumulative exposure to protease inhibitors and nonnucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors with the risk of myocardial infarction.
Methods
We analyzed data collected through February 2005 from our prospective observational study of 23,437 patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. The incidence rates of myocardial infarction during the follow-up period were calculated, and the associations between myocardial infarction and exposure to protease inhibitors or nonnucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors were determined.
Results
Three hundred forty-five patients had a myocardial infarction during 94,469 person-years of observation. The incidence of myocardial infarction increased from 1.53 per 1000 person-years in those not exposed to protease inhibitors to 6.01 per 1000 person-years in those exposed to protease inhibitors for more than 6 years. After adjustment for exposure to the other drug class and established cardiovascular risk factors (excluding lipid levels), the relative rate of myocardial infarction per year of protease-inhibitor exposure was 1.16 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.10 to 1.23), whereas the relative rate per year of exposure to nonnucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors was 1.05 (95% CI, 0.98 to 1.13). Adjustment for serum lipid levels further reduced the effect of exposure to each drug class to 1.10 (95% CI, 1.04 to 1.18) and 1.00 (95% CI, 0.93 to 1.09), respectively.
Conclusions
Increased exposure to protease inhibitors is associated with an increased risk of myocardial infarction, which is partly explained by dyslipidemia. We found no evidence of such an association for nonnucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors; however, the number of person-years of observation for exposure to this class of drug was less than that for exposure to protease inhibitors.
Media in This Article
Figure 1
Risk of Myocardial Infarction According to Exposure to Combination Antiretroviral Therapy.Figure 2
Risk of Myocardial Infarction According to Exposure to Protease Inhibitors and Nonnucleoside Reverse-Transcriptase Inhibitors.Article Activity
- Article
Combination antiretroviral therapy has had a dramatic effect in reducing morbidity and mortality associated with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection.1-4 However, concern has been raised regarding the effect of such therapy on the risk of coronary heart disease. Previous findings from the Data Collection on Adverse Events of Anti-HIV Drugs (DAD) study indicated that the incidence of myocardial infarction increased with longer exposure to combination antiretroviral therapy.5
A central question is whether this observed risk is attributable to all antiretroviral drugs or only to specific drugs. Although previous studies have reported a relationship between protease-inhibitor use and cardiovascular disease,6-8 there are few data on the risk associated with nonnucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors. Assessment of the role of specific drug classes is complicated by the fact that patients often switch components of their treatment because of the availability of newer drugs, the occurrence of adverse events, or failure of their regimens.9-11
There have been 3 years of follow-up of patients in the DAD study since the initial report.5 The additional data have made it possible to investigate the independent relationships between the risk of myocardial infarction and exposure to protease inhibitors and nonnucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors.
Methods
Study Design
DAD is an international collaboration of 11 cohorts of investigators following 23,437 HIV-1–infected subjects at 188 clinics in 21 countries in Europe, the United States, and Australia. Details of the methods have been reported previously.5,12 Patients were followed prospectively during their regular visits to outpatient clinics. All participants were under active follow-up in their cohorts at the time of enrollment in the study (from December 1999 through April 2001). Data on sociodemographic features, clinical findings, treatment (antiretroviral and other medications received both before and after enrollment), and laboratory results were collected at enrollment and at least every 8 months thereafter with the use of standardized forms. All information was transformed into a standardized format and merged into a central data set annually. Institutional review board approval for the study and written informed consent from the study participants were obtained for each cohort individually, according to national and local regulations.
Outcomes
All incident cases of myocardial infarction were reported to the study coordinating office for validation and coding.5 Cases of myocardial infarction were categorized as definite, possible, or unclassifiable (e.g., sudden death in persons with no known terminal condition) and as fatal or nonfatal according to criteria applied in the World Health Organization Multinational Monitoring of Trends and Determinants in Cardiovascular Disease (MONICA) Study.13,14 Event validation and coding were performed without knowledge of the antiretroviral-treatment history of a patient.
Statistical Analysis
The DAD Steering Committee specified in 1999 that analyses assessing the risk of myocardial infarction according to antiretroviral-drug class would be performed once sufficient events had accumulated to permit such analyses. Details of the analytic approach have been described previously.5 Patients were followed prospectively from enrollment in DAD to the date of the first myocardial infarction, the date of death, 6 months after the patient's last clinic visit, or February 1, 2005, whichever occurred first. Each patient's follow-up period was divided into consecutive 1-month periods, and the patient's cumulative exposure to therapy at the start of each period was calculated (including exposure to treatment before enrollment). This information was used to assign the patient-month (and any events that occurred during that month) to the appropriate exposure category. All analyses were based on the first myocardial infarction that occurred during follow-up. All P values are two-sided, and no adjustment was made for multiple testing.
Poisson regression models (GENMOD procedure, SAS software, version 8) were used to quantify the relationship between exposure to each drug class and the incidence of myocardial infarction. First, we reassessed the association with any combination antiretroviral therapy (i.e., a regimen of more than one antiretroviral drug, including at least one protease inhibitor, at least one nonnucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitor, or both). The cumulative exposure to combination antiretroviral therapy was categorized as no exposure, less than 1 year, 1 to 2 years, 2 to 3 years, 3 to 4 years, 4 to 5 years, 5 to 6 years, 6 to 7 years, and more than 7 years and was incorporated as a continuous variable in subsequent analyses.
We then considered the unadjusted relationship between the incidence of myocardial infarction and cumulative exposure to protease inhibitors and nonnucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors. The primary Poisson regression models were then adjusted for demographic factors, calendar year, and conventional risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Specific categories were generated for missing data (e.g., unknown family history) to ensure that all patients and observed events were included. In addition, in sensitivity analyses, we considered the relationships with cumulative exposure to either drug class after exclusion of patients exposed to the other drug class.
In additional analyses, we assessed the role of established risk factors for myocardial infarction that may potentially be influenced by antiretroviral therapy, including diabetes or hypertension and the time-updated levels of serum lipids (total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein [HDL] cholesterol, and triglycerides [log2-transformed]). Lipid measurements were included regardless of fasting status. We also assessed the influence of markers of HIV-1 infection (CD4+ lymphocyte count nadir and peak HIV-1 RNA level).
Results
Patient Characteristics and Follow-up
The DAD study cohort included 23,437 patients (Table 1Table 1
Characteristics of the Patients at Baseline and at Last Follow-up.). The median age at enrollment was 39 years (interquartile range, 34 to 45), and 24.1% of the patients were female. Among the 61.0% of patients for whom information on race or ethnic background (ascertained by different methods in different centers) was available, 77.9% were white, 16.9% were black, 3.3% were Hispanic, 1.9% were Asian, and 0.1% (nine patients) were classified as “other.” The median nadir CD4+ lymphocyte count before enrollment was 200 cells per cubic millimeter (range, 1 to 2580), and 26.4% of patients had received a clinical diagnosis of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). At enrollment, 60.8% of participants were current or former smokers, 3.1% had diabetes, 14.4% had hypertension, and 42.0% had dyslipidemia.The total follow-up in this analysis was 94,469 person-years, with a median of 4.5 years per patient. By the end of follow-up, 1518 patients (6.5%) had died. The average annual rate of loss to follow-up, excluding deaths, was less than 3%.
Exposure to Antiretroviral Therapy
By the end of follow-up, 93.6% of the patients had been exposed to some form of antiretroviral therapy, totaling 150,775 person-years of exposure, with a median exposure of 6.9 years (Table 1). Of all the patients, 79.4% had been exposed to protease inhibitors for a median of 4.0 years, and 63.7% had been exposed to nonnucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors for a median of 2.6 years. There was a total of 72,846 person-years of exposure to protease inhibitors (including 41,297 person-years of exposure to ritonavir-containing regimens) and 52,457 person-years of exposure to nonnucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors.
Myocardial Infarction
Three hundred forty-five patients had a fatal or nonfatal myocardial infarction (incidence, 3.65 per 1000 person-years) (Table 1). Of these, 62.6% were definite, 22.6% were possible, and 14.8% were unclassifiable; 29.3% were fatal. By the time of the event, 90.4% of patients who had a myocardial infarction had been exposed to protease inhibitors (median exposure, 3.7 years), and 60.9% had been exposed to nonnucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors (median exposure, 2.1 years).
Association of Antiretroviral Therapy with the Risk of Myocardial Infarction
We confirmed our previous observation that increased exposure to combination antiretroviral therapy was associated with an increased risk of myocardial infarction (adjusted relative rate, 1.16 per year of exposure; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.09 to 1.23) (Figure 1Figure 1
Risk of Myocardial Infarction According to Exposure to Combination Antiretroviral Therapy.). The therapy-attributed relative rate did not differ significantly between men (relative rate, 1.13) and women (relative rate, 1.36; P value for interaction=0.40) or between older patients (≥45 years of age for men, and ≥55 years of age for women; relative rate, 1.15) and younger patients (relative rate, 1.16; P value for interaction=0.19).The incidence of myocardial infarction increased with increasing length of exposure to either class of drugs (Figure 2AFigure 2
Risk of Myocardial Infarction According to Exposure to Protease Inhibitors and Nonnucleoside Reverse-Transcriptase Inhibitors. and Table 2Table 2
Relationship between Exposure to Protease Inhibitors, Nonnucleoside Reverse-Transcriptase Inhibitors, and Other Cardiovascular Risk Factors and the Rate of Myocardial Infarction., unadjusted model); for example, the incidence increased from 1.53 per 1000 person-years among those not exposed to protease inhibitors to 6.01 per 1000 person-years among those exposed to protease inhibitors for more than 6 years. However, because many patients had been exposed to both drug classes, the unadjusted event rates are not independent. After adjustment for exposure to the other drug class, calendar year, and other known risk factors for myocardial infarction (excluding those that have been reported to have an association with antiretroviral-drug therapy), the relative rate per year of exposure to protease inhibitors was 1.16 (95% CI, 1.10 to 1.23), whereas for nonnucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors it was 1.05 (95% CI, 0.98 to 1.13; Figure 2B and Table 2, adjusted model 1). These associations were confirmed when patients exposed to the other drug class were excluded (Figure 3Figure 3
Risk of Myocardial Infarction According to Exposure to Protease Inhibitors and Nonnucleoside Reverse-Transcriptase Inhibitors among Patients Unexposed to the Other Drug Class.). The adjusted relative rate per year of exposure to protease inhibitors for this subgroup of patients was 1.15 (95% CI, 1.06 to 1.25). The adjusted relative rate per year of exposure to nonnucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors was 0.94 (95% CI, 0.74 to 1.19).The crude incidence rate of myocardial infarction was increased among patients who received drugs of both classes at the same time (97 events in 16,805 person-years; incidence, 5.77 per 1000 person-years) as compared with the entire cohort (incidence, 3.65 per 1000 person-years). However, this difference was explained by the longer exposure to protease inhibitors of patients receiving drugs of both classes (relative rate for exposure to both drug classes after adjustment for duration of exposure to each class, 1.03 per year).
Controlling for exposure to nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors as a class reduced the strength of the associations for protease inhibitors (relative rate, 1.11; 95% CI, 1.04 to 1.18) and for nonnucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors (relative rate, 1.02; 95% CI, 0.95 to 1.10). There were no major differences between the two drug classes in exposure to individual components of the nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitor backbone.
Increased total cholesterol and reduced HDL cholesterol levels, increased triglyceride levels, and a diagnosis of hypertension or diabetes are risk factors for coronary heart disease that have been reported to be associated with antiretroviral-drug therapy. We confirmed that in our cohort, these factors were all associated with an increased risk of myocardial infarction in unadjusted analyses (Table 2, unadjusted model). Introducing these factors into adjusted model 1 in Table 2 as time-updated covariates decreased the association between exposure to protease inhibitors and the risk of myocardial infarction (Table 2, adjusted model 2). A model that included the lipids only (without diabetes mellitus and hypertension) reduced the association with protease inhibitors to a value similar to that in adjusted model 2.
There was no association between either the nadir CD4+ lymphocyte count (relative rate for each increase of 50 cells per cubic millimeter, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.95 to 1.01) or peak HIV-1 RNA level (relative rate for each log10 increase in the number of copies per milliliter, 1.06; 95% CI, 0.95 to 1.18) and the risk of myocardial infarction. Adjustment for these variables did not modify the association between exposure to protease inhibitors and the risk of myocardial infarction.
Discussion
Using a data set that has accrued almost three times more end points in the 3 years of follow-up since the last report,5 we continue to observe an association between exposure to combination antiretroviral therapy and the risk of myocardial infarction. The relationship between exposure to protease inhibitors and myocardial infarction remained significant after multivariable adjustment and was similar to the relationship between exposure to any combination antiretroviral therapy and the risk of myocardial infarction. In contrast, exposure to nonnucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors was not independently associated with an increase in the risk of myocardial infarction. Although experience with nonnucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors remains relatively limited, our results suggest that the previously reported finding of an excess risk in those with increased exposure to combination antiretroviral therapy is likely to be a consequence of exposure to the drugs of the protease-inhibitor class.
Protease inhibitors are known to increase total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels to a greater extent than do nonnucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors, whereas the latter class of agents is known to increase HDL cholesterol levels markedly.15-17 However, the increased risk of myocardial infarction associated with the use of protease inhibitors seen in our analysis was not fully explained by the lipid changes induced by the drugs in this class. Thus, the full mechanism by which protease inhibitors may lead to increased rates of myocardial infarction remains to be elucidated. Recently published experimental data from murine models suggest possible direct cellular mechanisms by which HIV protease inhibitors may promote atherosclerosis.18,19 Furthermore, there are considerable differences among the various protease inhibitors in their propensity to cause dyslipidemia.16,20 The DAD study currently has insufficient follow-up observations to determine whether the risk of myocardial infarction differs for individual agents.
Some studies have reported that among patients receiving antiretroviral therapy, the degree of dyslipidemia or the risk of coronary heart disease is higher in women21,22 or in younger patients.23 In our analysis, we did not find any evidence that the therapy-attributable risk differs according to age or sex.
In our study, the relative rate of myocardial infarction was 1.16 per year of combination antiretroviral therapy, which corresponds to a doubling of the risk over a 5-year period of exposure. The magnitude of this association is similar to the increment in risk attributable to diabetes mellitus or cigarette smoking and is greater than that associated with a family history of cardiovascular disease. Whether this effect translates into an important additional absolute risk in a person depends on his or her preexisting cardiovascular-disease risk profile. In this regard, our analysis confirmed that the expected associations of established cardiovascular risk factors with myocardial infarction are also seen in the patient population of the DAD study, but our models were not intended to provide the formal basis for calculating individual cardiovascular risk.
We found no association between either the peak HIV-1 RNA level or the nadir CD4+ lymphocyte count and the risk of myocardial infarction, although the possibility that other unmeasured immunologic effects may exert an influence on the development of cardiovascular disease cannot be excluded. The Strategies for Management of Antiretroviral Therapy (SMART) study found that the risk of opportunistic disease or death from any cause was higher in patients whose antiretroviral therapy was interrupted when their CD4+ lymphocyte count reached a certain level than in patients who received continuous treatment.24 Surprisingly, the interruption strategy was also associated with a trend toward an excess risk of cardiovascular disease. The reasons for this finding remain unclear. Theoretically, it could be due to arterial inflammation, a reduction in HDL cholesterol levels, or both caused by an acute-onset increase in viral replication upon interruption of antiretroviral treatment.25-28 The latter effect may be particularly important after discontinuation of nonnucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors, since these may in themselves cause a rise in HDL cholesterol level.15-17
Only a randomized trial, which is not feasible in this setting, could determine whether the observed associations of exposure to protease inhibitors and nonnucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors with the risk of myocardial infarction are causally related. The DAD study, which is observational in design, relies on adjustment of the analyses of association for variables that could potentially act as confounders for these associations. In our analysis, we made adjustments for patient demographics and for the established cardiovascular risk factors. We also adjusted for calendar year to account for secular changes in the management of cardiovascular disease and in the use of antiretroviral agents.
However, there are likely to be other confounding factors that are unknown or are not routinely or easily identified or measured. One possible interpretation of the significant relationship between the risk of myocardial infarction and the length of exposure to combination antiretroviral therapy may be simply that patients with longer periods of exposure to therapy have also been infected with HIV for longer periods. However, our findings that neither the nadir CD4+ count nor the peak HIV-1 RNA level was associated with the risk of myocardial infarction would argue against this interpretation, as would the finding that the risk is different for exposure to nonnucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors and exposure to protease inhibitors.
Another possible concern in observational studies of this type is channeling bias. In our study, channeling bias could have occurred if patients perceived to be at highest risk for cardiovascular disease were either started on or switched to regimens thought to be cardioprotective. Such a bias would tend to reduce the strength of the association of protease-inhibitor exposure with the risk of myocardial infarction. The fact that our analyses are adjusted for most known risk factors for cardiovascular disease reduces the likelihood that channeling has unduly influenced our results. In addition, we assessed the relationship of myocardial infarction with cumulative exposure to an antiretroviral drug rather than with current treatment with an antiretroviral drug, which further reduces the chance of significant bias. Finally, other analyses from the DAD study29 suggest that changes in therapy made because of concern about cardiovascular disease are unlikely to have been frequent enough to bias our results.
In conclusion, this analysis confirmed our previous observation of a significant association between the duration of exposure to combination antiretroviral therapy and the risk of myocardial infarction. In addition, our findings suggest that this effect of antiretroviral therapy varies according to drug class; we found a significant association between exposure to protease inhibitors and the risk of myocardial infarction but no significant association between nonnucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors and such a risk. The effect of protease inhibitors identified in our study may be in part a consequence of the effects of these agents on serum lipid profiles.
Supported by the Oversight Committee for the Evaluation of Metabolic Complications of HAART, a collaborative committee with representation from academic institutions, the European Agency for the Evaluation of Medicinal Products, the Food and Drug Administration, the patient community, and all pharmaceutical companies with licensed anti-HIV drugs in the U.S. market: Abbott, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Gilead Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline, Merck, Pfizer, and Hoffmann–La Roche; by a grant (CURE/97-46486) from the Health Insurance Fund Council, Amstelveen, the Netherlands (to the AIDS Therapy Evaluation Project Netherlands [ATHENA]); by a grant from the Agence Nationale de Recherches sur le SIDA (Action Coordonnée no. 7, Cohortes) (to the Aquitaine Cohort); by the Commonwealth Department of Health and Ageing and a grant from the Australian National Council on AIDS, Hepatitis C and Related Diseases' Clinical Trials and Research Committee (to the Australian HIV Observational Database [AHOD]); by grants from the Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria (FIS 99/0887) and the Fundación para la Investigación y la Prevención del SIDA en España (FIPSE 3171/00) (to the Barcelona Antiretroviral Surveillance Study [BASS]); by grants (5U01AI042170-10 and 5U01AI046362-03) from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health (to the Terry Beirn Community Programs for Clinical Research on AIDS [CPCRA]); by grants from the BIOMED 1 (CT94-1637) and BIOMED 2 (CT97-2713) programs and the fifth framework program (QLK2-2000-00773) of the European Commission and grants from Bristol-Myers Squibb, GlaxoSmithKline, Boehringer Ingelheim, and Roche (to the EuroSIDA study); by an unrestricted educational grant from Glaxo Wellcome, Italy (to the Italian Cohort Naive to Antiretrovirals [ICONA]); and by a grant from the Swiss National Science Foundation (to the Swiss HIV Cohort Study [SHCS]).
Dr. Friis-Møller reports receiving lecture fees from Bristol-Myers Squibb; Dr. Reiss, serving as a consultant to and receiving lecture fees from Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Gilead Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline, Hoffmann-La Roche, Theratechnologies, and Tibotec and receiving research grant support from Boehringer Ingelheim and Merck; Dr. Sabin, serving as a consultant to Gilead Sciences and Tibotec and receiving lecture fees from Bristol-Myers Squibb, Gilead Sciences, and Tibotec; Dr. Weber, receiving travel grants from Abbott, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol-Myers Squibb, GlaxoSmithKline, Merck, Pfizer, Hoffmann–La Roche, and TRB Chemedica; Dr. d'Arminio Monforte, serving as a consultant and receiving lecture fees and research support from GlaxoSmithKline; Dr. Law, serving as a consultant to Johnson & Johnson and Janssen-Cilag; Dr. Phillips, serving as a consultant to Tibotec and Boehringer Ingelheim and receiving research grant support from GlaxoSmithKline, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Abbott, Janssen-Cilag, and Tibotec; and Dr. Lundgren, serving as a consultant to and receiving lecture fees and research grant support from Abbott, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol-Myers Squibb, GlaxoSmithKline, Merck, Pfizer, Tibotec, and Hoffmann–La Roche. No other potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.
Source Information
The members of the writing committee (Nina Friis-Møller, M.D., Ph.D., University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen; Peter Reiss, M.D., Ph.D., Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam; Caroline A. Sabin, Ph.D., Royal Free and University College, London; Rainer Weber, M.D., University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Antonella d'Arminio Monforte, M.D., D.M.Sc., University of Milan, Milan; Wafaa El-Sadr, M.D., M.P.H., Columbia University, Harlem Hospital, New York; Rodolphe Thiébaut, M.D., Ph.D., INSERM E0338 and U593, Victor Segalen–Bordeaux 2 University, Bordeaux, France; Stephane De Wit, M.D., Ph.D., Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Saint-Pierre, Brussels; Ole Kirk, M.D., D.M.Sc., University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen; Eric Fontas, M.D., Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Nice, Hôpital de l'Archet, Nice, France; Matthew G. Law, Ph.D., National Centre in HIV Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Sydney; Andrew Phillips, Ph.D., Royal Free and University College, London; and Jens D. Lundgren, M.D., D.M.Sc., University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen) of the DAD Study Group assume responsibility for the overall content and integrity of the article.
Address reprint requests to Dr. Lundgren at the Copenhagen HIV Program, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Panum Institute, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark, or at jdl@cphiv.dk.
The members of the Data Collection on Adverse Events of Anti-HIV Drugs (DAD) Study Group are listed in the Appendix.
Appendix
The members of the DAD Study Group are as follows: Steering committee: J.D. Lundgren (chair), R. Weber, A. d'Arminio Monforte, W.M. El-Sadr, P. Reiss, F. Dabis, L. Morfeldt, S. De Wit, C. Pradier, G. Calvo, M. Law, O. Kirk, A.N. Phillips, S. Collins, E. Loeliger, R. Tressler, and I. Weller; Central coordination: N. Friis-Møller, S.W. Worm, C.A. Sabin, A. Sjøl (verification of primary end point), J.D. Lundgren; Data management: A. Sawitz (coordinator), M. Rickenbach, P. Pezzotti, E. Krum, L. Gras, E. Balestre, A. Sundström, B. Poll, E. Fontas, F. Torres, K. Petoumenos, J. Kjær.
The members of the 11 cohorts are as follows: ATHENA (AIDS Therapy Evaluation Project, the Netherlands): Central coordination: F. de Wolf, S. Zaheri, L. Gras; Participating physicians: W. Bronsveld, M.E. Hillebrand-Haverkort, J.M. Prins, J.C. Bos, J.K.M. Eeftinck Schattenkerk, S.E. Geerlings, M.H. Godfried, J.M.A. Lange, F.C. van Leth, S.H. Lowe, J.T.M. van der Meer, F.J.B. Nellen, K. Pogány, T. van der Poll, P. Reiss, T.A. Ruys, S.U. Sankatsing, R. Steingrover, G. van Twillert, M. van der Valk, M.G.A. van Vonderen, S.M.E. Vrouenraets, M. van Vugt, F.W.M.N. Wit, A. van Eeden, J.H. ten Veen, P.S. van Dam, J.C. Roos, K. Brinkman, P.H.J. Frissen, H.M. Weigel, J.W. Mulder, E.C.M. van Gorp, P.L. Meenhorst, A.T.A. Mairuhu, J. Veenstra, S.A. Danner, M.A. Van Agtmael, F.A.P. Claessen, R.M. Perenboom, A. Rijkeboer, M. van Vonderen, C. Richter, J. van der Berg, R. van Leusen, R. Vriesendorp, F.J.F. Jeurissen, R.H. Kauffmann, E.L.W. Koger, B. Bravenboer, C.H.H. ten Napel, G.J. Kootstra, H.G. Sprenger, W.M.A.J. Miesen, R. Doedens, E.H. Scholvinck, R.W. ten Kate, D.P.F. van Houte, M. Polee, F.P. Kroon, P.J. van den Broek, J.T. van Dissel, E.F. Schippers, G. Schreij, S. van de Geest, A. Verbon, P.P. Koopmans, M. Keuter, F. Post, A.J.A.M. van der Ven, M.E. van der Ende, I.C. Gyssens, M. van der Feltz, J.G. den Hollander, S. de Marie, J.L. Nouwen, B.J.A. Rijnders, T.E.M.S. de Vries, J.R. Juttmann, C. van de Heul, M.E.E. van Kasteren, M.M.E. Schneider, M.J.M. Bonten, J.C.C. Borleffs, P.M. Ellerbroek, I.M. Hoepelman, C.A.J.J. Jaspers, I. Schouten, C.A.M. Schurink, W.L. Blok, A.A. Tanis, P.H.P. Groeneveld. Aquitaine (France): Scientific committee: R. Salamon (chair), J. Beylot, M. Dupon, M. Le Bras, J.L. Pellegrin, J.M. Ragnaud; Central coordination: F. Dabis, G. Chêne, H. Jacqmin-Gadda, R. Thiébaut, S. Lawson-Ayayi, V. Lavignolle, E. Balestre, M.J. Blaizeau, M. Decoin, A.M. Formaggio, S. Delveaux, S. Labarerre, B. Uwamaliya, E. Vimard, L. Merchadou, G. Palmer, D. Touchard, D. Dutoit, F. Pereira, B. Boulant; Participating physicians: J. Beylot, P. Morlat, N. Bernard, M. Bonarek, F. Bonnet, B. Coadou, P. Gelie, D. Jaubert, C. Nouts, D. Lacoste, M. Dupon, H. Dutronc, G. Cipriano, S. Lafarie, I. Chossat, J.Y. Lacut, B. Leng, J.L. Pellegrin, P. Mercié, J.F. Viallard, I. Faure, P. Rispal, C. Cipriano, S. Tchamgoué, M. Le Bras, F. Djossou, D. Malvy, J.P. Pivetaud, J.M. Ragnaud, D. Chambon, C. De La Taille, T. Galperine, S. Lafarie, D. Neau, A. Ochoa, C. Beylot, M.S. Doutre, J.H. Bezian, J.F. Moreau, J.L. Taupin, C. Conri, J. Constans, P. Couzigou, L. Castera, H. Fleury, M.E. Lafon, B. Masquelier, I. Pellegrin, P. Trimoulet, F. Moreau, C. Mestre, C. Series, A. Taytard. AHOD (Australian HIV Observational Database, Australia): Central coordination: M. Law and K. Petoumenos; Participating physicians: J. Anderson, K. Lowe, A. Mijch, K. Watson, N. Roth, H. Wood, M. Bloch, A. Gowers, D. Baker, R. McFarlane, A. Carr, D. Cooper, J. Chuah, W. Fankhauser, S. Mallal, J. Skett. BASS (Barcelona Antiretroviral Surveillance Study, Spain): Central coordination: G. Calvo, F. Torres, S. Mateu; Participating physicians: P. Domingo, M.A. Sambeat, J. Gatell, E. Del Cacho, J. Cadafalch, M. Fuster, C. Codina, G. Sirera, A. Vaqué. The Brussels St. Pierre Cohort (Belgium): N. Clumeck, S. De Wit, M. Gerard, K. Kabeya, D. Konopnicki, A. Libois, M.C. Payen, B. Poll, Y. Van Laethem. CPCRA (Community Programs for Clinical Research on AIDS, United States): Central coordination: J. Neaton, G. Bartsch, W.M. El-Sadr, E. Krum, G. Thompson, D. Wentworth; Participating physicians: R. Luskin-Hawk, E. Telzak, W.M. El-Sadr, D.I. Abrams, D. Cohn, N. Markowitz, R. Arduino, D. Mushatt, G. Friedland, G. Perez, E. Tedaldi, E. Fisher, F. Gordin, L.R. Crane, J. Sampson, J. Baxter. EuroSIDA (multinational): Central coordination: O. Kirk, C.H. Olsen, A. Mocroft, A.N. Phillips, J.D. Lundgren; Participating physicians: Austria — N. Vetter; Belarus — I. Karpov, A. Vassilenko; Belgium — N. Clumeck, S. De Wit, B. Poll, R. Colebunders; Czech Republic — L. Machala, H. Rozsypal, D. Sedlacek; Denmark — J. Nielsen, T. Benfield, J. Gerstoft, T. Katzenstein, A.B.E. Hansen, P. Skinhøj, C. Pedersen; Estonia — K. Zilmer; France — C. Katlama, J.-P. Viard, P.-M. Girard, T. Saint-Marc, P. Vanhems, C. Pradier, F. Dabis; Germany — M. Dietrich, C. Manegold, J. van Lunzen, H.-J. Stellbrink, S. Staszewski, M. Bieckel, F.D. Goebel, G. Fätkenheuer, J. Rockstroh, R.E. Schmidt; Greece — J. Kosmidis, P. Gargalianos, H. Sambatakou, J. Perdios, G. Panos, A. Filandras; Hungary — D. Banhegyi; Ireland — F. Mulcahy; Israel — I. Yust, M. Burke, D. Turner, S. Pollack, J. Hassoun, Z. Sthoeger, S. Maayan; Italy — S. Vella, A. Chiesi, C. Arici, R. Pristerá, F. Mazzotta, A. Gabbuti, R. Esposito, A. Bedini, A. Chirianni, E. Montesarchio, V. Vullo, P. Santopadre, P. Narciso, A. Antinori, P. Franci, M. Zaccarelli, A. Lazzarin, A. Castagna, A. d'Arminio Monforte; Latvia — L. Viksna; Lithuania — S. Chaplinskas; Luxembourg — R. Hemmer, T. Staub; the Netherlands — P. Reiss; Norway — J. Bruun, A. Maeland, V. Ormaasen; Poland — B. Knysz, J. Gasiorowski, A. Horban, D. Prokopowicz, A. Wiercinska-Drapalo, A. Boron-Kaczmarska, M. Pynka, M. Beniowski, E. Mularska, H. Trocha; Portugal — F. Antunes, K. Mansinho, F. Maltez; Romania — D. Duiculescu, V. Babes, A. Streinu-Cercel; Russia — E. Vinogradova, A. Rakhmanova; Serbia, Montenegro — D. Jevtovic; Slovakia — M. Mokráš, D. Staneková; Spain — J. González-Lahoz, M. Sanchez-Conde, T. García-Benayas, L. Martin-Carbonero, V. Soriano, B. Clotet, A. Jou, J. Conejero, L. Ruiz, C. Tural, J.M. Gatell, J.M. Miró, L. Zamora; Sweden — A. Blaxhult, A. Karlsson, P. Pehrson; Switzerland — B. Ledergerber, R. Weber, P. Francioli, A. Telenti, B. Hirschel, V. Soravia-Dunand, H. Furrer; Ukraine — E. Kravchenko, N. Chentsova; United Kingdom — M. Fisher, R. Brettle, S. Barton, A.M. Johnson, D. Mercey, M. Murphy, M.A. Johnson, J. Weber, G. Scullard. HivBivus (Sweden): Central coordination: L. Morfeldt, G. Thulin, A. Sundström; Participating physicians: B. Åkerlund, K. Koppel, A. Karlsson, L. Flamholc, C. Håkangård. ICONA (Italian Cohort Naive to Antiretrovirals, Italy): Central coordination: A. d'Arminio Monforte, P. Pezzotti; Participating physicians: M. Moroni, A. d'Arminio Monforte, A. Cargnel, S. Merli, G. Rizzardini, C. Pastecchia, A. Lazzarin, A. Castagna, L. Caggese, C. Moioli, M.S. Mura, M. Mannazzu, F. Suter, C. Arici, P.E. Manconi, P. Piano, F. Mazzotta, S. Lo Caputo, A. Poggio, G. Bottari, G. Pagano, A. Alessandrini, A. Scasso, A. Vincenti, V. Abbadessa, S. Mancuso, F. Alberici, A. Ruggieri, M. Arlotti, P. Ortolani, F. De Lalla, G. Tositti, G. Cassola, R. Piscopo, E. Raise, F. Ebo, F. Soscia, L. Tacconi, U. Tirelli, G. Di Gennaro, D. Santoro, L. Pusterla, G. Carosi, C. Torti, G. Cadeo, D. Bertelli, G. Carnevale, D. Galloni, G. Filice, R. Bruno, G. Di Perri, I. Arnaudo, P. Caramello, G.C. Orofino, M.L. Soranzo, M. Bonasso, T. Quirino, S. Melzi, F. Chiodo, V. Colangeli, G. Magnani, M. Ursitti, F. Menichetti, C. Martinelli, R. Esposito, C. Mussini, F. Ghinelli, L. Sighinolfi, O. Coronado, G. Ballardini, E. Rizzo, M. Montroni, M.C. Braschi, E. Petrelli, A. Cioppi, R. Cauda, A. De Luca, N. Petrosillo, P. Noto, P. Narciso, G. Bontempo, A. Antinori, R. Acinapura, G. Antonucci, P. De Longis, V. Vullo, M. Lichtner, G. Pastore, N. Ladisa, A. Chirianni, R. Viglietti, M. Piazza, S. Nappa, N. Abrescia, M. De Marco, A. Colomba, T. Prestileo, C. De Stefano, A. La Gala, L. Cosco, A. Scerbo, P. Grima, P. Tundo, J. Vecchiet, M. D'Alessandro, B. Grisorio, S. Ferrara. The Nice Cohort (France): Central coordination: C. Pradier, E. Fontas, C. Caissotti; Participating physicians: P. Dellamonica, L. Bentz, E. Bernard, F. De Salvador-Guillouet, J. Durant, V. Mondain-Miton, I. Perbost, B. Prouvost-Keller, P. Pugliese, V. Rahelinirina, P.M. Roger, F. Vandenbos. SHCS (Swiss HIV Cohort Study, Switzerland): M. Battegay, E. Bernasconi, J. Böni, H. Bucher, P. Bürgisser, S. Cattacin, M. Cavassini, R. Dubs, M. Egger, L. Elzi, P. Erb, M. Fischer, M. Flepp, A. Fontana, P. Francioli (President), H.J. Furrer, M. Gorgievski, H. Günthard, B. Hirschel, L. Kaiser, C. Kind, T. Klimkait, U. Lauper, B. Ledergerber, M. Opravil, F. Paccaud, G. Pantaleo, L. Perrin, J.-C. Piffaretti, M. Rickenbach, C. Rudin, P. Schmid, J. Schüpbach, R. Speck, A. Telenti, A. Trkola, P. Vernazza, R. Weber, S. Yerly.
- References
References
1
Palella FJ Jr ,Delaney KM ,Moorman AC , et al. Declining morbidity and mortality among patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus infection. N Engl J Med 1998;338:853-860
Full Text | Web of Science | Medline2
Ledergerber B ,Egger M ,Opravil M , et al. Clinical progression and virological failure on highly active antiretroviral therapy in HIV-1 patients: a prospective cohort study. Lancet 1999;353:863-868
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline3
Mocroft A ,Vella S ,Benfield TL , et al. Changing patterns of mortality across Europe in patients infected with HIV-1. Lancet 1998;352:1725-1730
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline4
Staszewski S ,Morales-Ramirez J ,Tashima KT , et al. Efavirenz plus zidovudine and lamivudine, efavirenz plus indinavir, and indinavir plus zidovudine and lamivudine in the treatment of HIV-1 infection in adults. N Engl J Med 1999;341:1865-1873
Full Text | Web of Science | Medline5
Friis-Moller N ,Sabin CA ,Weber R , et al. Combination antiretroviral therapy and the risk of myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 2003;349:1993-2003[Erratum, N Engl J Med 2004;350:955.]
Full Text | Web of Science | Medline6
Mary-Krause M ,Cotte L ,Simon A ,Partisani M ,Costagliola D . Increased risk of myocardial infarction with duration of protease inhibitor therapy in HIV-infected men. AIDS 2003;17:2479-2486
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline7
Holmberg SD ,Moorman AC ,Williamson JM , et al. Protease inhibitors and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with HIV-1. Lancet 2002;360:1747-1748
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline8
Iloeje UH ,Yuan Y ,L'Italien G , et al. Protease inhibitor exposure and increased risk of cardiovascular disease in HIV-infected patients. HIV Med 2005;6:37-44
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline9
Mocroft A ,Phillips AN ,Friis-Moller N , et al. Response to antiretroviral therapy among patients exposed to three classes of antiretrovirals: results from the EuroSIDA study. Antivir Ther 2002;7:21-30
Web of Science | Medline10
Dieleman JP ,Jambroes M ,Gyssens IC , et al. Determinants of recurrent toxicity-driven switches of highly active antiretroviral therapy. AIDS 2002;16:737-745
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline11
d'Arminio Monforte A ,Lepri AC ,Rezza G , et al. Insights into the reasons for discontinuation of the first highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) regimen in a cohort of antiretroviral naive patients. AIDS 2000;14:499-507
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline12
Friis-Moller N ,Weber R ,Reiss P , et al. Cardiovascular disease risk factors in HIV patients -- association with antiretroviral therapy: results from the DAD study. AIDS 2003;17:1179-1193
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline13
Tunstall-Pedoe H ,Kuulasmaa K ,Amouyel P ,Arveiler D ,Rajakangas AM ,Pajak A . Myocardial infarction and coronary deaths in the World Health Organization MONICA Project: registration procedures, event rates, and case-fatality rates in 38 populations from 21 countries in four continents. Circulation 1994;90:583-612
Web of Science | Medline14
WHO MONICA Project. MONICA manual, part IV: event registration. Geneva: World Health Organization, 1999. (Accessed March 29, 2007, at http://www.ktl.fi/publications/monica/manual/part4/iv-1.htm.)
15
van Leth F ,Phanuphak P ,Stroes E , et al. Nevirapine and efavirenz elicit different changes in lipid profiles in antiretroviral-therapy-naive patients infected with HIV-1. PLoS Med 2004;1:e19-e19[Erratum, PLoS Med 2004;1:e73.]
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline16
Fontas E ,van Leth F ,Sabin CA , et al. Lipid profiles in HIV-infected patients receiving combination antiretroviral therapy: are different antiretroviral drugs associated with different lipid profiles? J Infect Dis 2004;189:1056-1074
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline17
van der Valk M ,Kastelein JJ ,Murphy RL , et al. Nevirapine-containing antiretroviral therapy in HIV-1 infected patients results in an anti-atherogenic lipid profile. AIDS 2001;15:2407-2414
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline18
Zhou H ,Pandak WM Jr ,Lyall V ,Natarajan R ,Hylemon PB . HIV protease inhibitors activate the unfolded protein response in macrophages: implication for atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. Mol Pharmacol 2005;68:690-700
Web of Science | Medline19
Allred KF ,Smart EJ ,Wilson ME . Estrogen receptor-alpha mediates gender differences in atherosclerosis induced by HIV protease inhibitors. J Biol Chem 2006;281:1419-1425
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline20
Sax PE ,Kumar P . Tolerability and safety of HIV protease inhibitors in adults. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2004;37:1111-1124[Erratum, J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2004;37:1434.]
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline21
Saves M ,Chene G ,Ducimetiere P , et al. Risk factors for coronary heart disease in patients treated for human immunodeficiency virus infection compared with the general population. Clin Infect Dis 2003;37:292-298
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline22
Pernerstorfer-Schoen H ,Jilma B ,Perschler A , et al. Sex differences in HAART-associated dyslipidaemia. AIDS 2001;15:725-734
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline23
Currier JS ,Taylor A ,Boyd F , et al. Coronary heart disease in HIV-infected individuals. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2003;33:506-512
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline24
The Strategies for Management of Antiretroviral Therapy (SMART) Study Group
Full Text | Web of Science | Medline25
Grunfeld C ,Pang M ,Doerrler W ,Shigenaga JK ,Jensen P ,Feingold KR . Lipids, lipoproteins, triglyceride clearance, and cytokines in human immunodeficiency virus infection and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1992;74:1045-1052
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline26
Constans J ,Pellegrin JL ,Peuchant E , et al. Plasma lipids in HIV-infected patients: a prospective study in 95 patients. Eur J Clin Invest 1994;24:416-420
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline27
Riddler SA ,Smit E ,Cole SR , et al. Impact of HIV infection and HAART on serum lipids in men. JAMA 2003;289:2978-2982
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline28
Phillips AN, Carr A, Neuhaus J, et al. Interruption of ART and risk of cardiovascular disease: findings from SMART. Presented at the 14th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections, Los Angeles, February 26, 2007. abstract. (Accessed March 29, 2007, at http://www.retroconference.org/2007/abstracts/28863.htm.)
29
Sabin C, Morfeldt L, Friis-Møller N, et al. Changes over time in antiretroviral therapy (ART) use and risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in the D:A:D study. Presented at the 12th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections, Boston, February 25, 2005. abstract. (Accessed March 29, 2007, at http://www.retroconference.org/2005/cd/abstracts/25243.htm.)
- Citing Articles (344)
Citing Articles
1
Sergio Serrano-Villar, Vicente Estrada, Dulcenombre Gómez-Garre, Mario Ávila, Manuel Fuentes-Ferrer, Clara Sánchez-Parra, Talía Sainz, Ramón Patiño, Arturo Fernández-Cruz. (2012) Incipient Renal Impairment as a Predictor of Subclinical Atherosclerosis in HIV-Infected Patients. JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 59:2, 141-148
CrossRef2
V. A. Triant, F. Josephson, C. G. Rochester, K. N. Althoff, K. Marcus, R. Munk, C. Cooper, R. B. D'Agostino, D. Costagliola, C. A. Sabin, P. L. Williams, S. Hughes, W. S. Post, N. Chandra-Strobos, G. Guaraldi, S. S. Young, R. Obenchain, R. Bedimo, V. Miller, J. Strobos. (2012) Adverse Outcome Analyses of Observational Data: Assessing Cardiovascular Risk in HIV Disease. Clinical Infectious Diseases 54:3, 408-413
CrossRef3
AK Monroe, AS Dobs, X Xu, FJ Palella, LA Kingsley, WS Post, MD Witt, TT Brown. (2012) Low free testosterone in HIV-infected men is not associated with subclinical cardiovascular disease. HIV Medicinen/a-n/a
CrossRef4
P.-Y. Wu, C.-C. Hung, W.-C. Liu, C.-Y. Hsieh, H.-Y. Sun, C.-L. Lu, H. Wu, K.-L. Chien. (2012) Metabolic syndrome among HIV-infected Taiwanese patients in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy: prevalence and associated factors. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy
CrossRef5
TL Miller, W Borkowsky, LA DiMeglio, L Dooley, ME Geffner, R Hazra, EJ McFarland, AJ Mendez, K Patel, GK Siberry, RB Van Dyke, CJ Worrell, DL Jacobson, . (2012) Metabolic abnormalities and viral replication are associated with biomarkers of vascular dysfunction in HIV-infected children. HIV Medicinen/a-n/a
CrossRef6
Patrick F. Fogarty, Jeffrey W. Olin, Craig M. Kessler, Barbara A. Konkle, Louis M. Aledort. (2012) An algorithmic approach to peripheral artery disease in hemophilia. Blood Coagulation & Fibrinolysis 23:1, 23-29
CrossRef7
Jeroen P. H. van Wijk, Manuel Castro Cabezas. (2012) Hypertriglyceridemia, Metabolic Syndrome, and Cardiovascular Disease in HIV-Infected Patients: Effects of Antiretroviral Therapy and Adipose Tissue Distribution. International Journal of Vascular Medicine 2012, 1-13
CrossRef8
Souvik Sen, Alejandro A. Rabinstein, Mitchell S.V. Elkind, William J. Powers. (2012) Recent Developments regarding Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection and Stroke. Cerebrovascular Diseases 33:3, 209-218
CrossRef9
Shahin Lockman, Paul Sax. (2012) Treatment-for-prevention. Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS1
CrossRef10
Ramona Bhatia, Patrick Ryscavage, Babafemi Taiwo. (2011) Accelerated aging and human immunodeficiency virus infection: Emerging challenges of growing older in the era of successful antiretroviral therapy. Journal of NeuroVirology
CrossRef11
G. Fatkenheuer, C. Duvivier, A. Rieger, J. Durant, D. Rey, W. Schmidt, A. Hill, Y. van Delft, S. Marks, , A. Rieger, N. Vetter, R. Greil, C. Pedersen, M. Storgaard, P. Morlat, C. Katlama, J. Durant, L. Cotte, C. Duvvier, D. Rey, S. Esser, C. Stellbrink, W. Schmidt, M. Stoll, C. Stephan, G. Fatkenheuer, A. Stoehr, J. Rockstroh, D. Banhegyi, L. Itzchak, E. Shahar, S. Maayan, D. Turner, A. Lazzarin, A. Antinori, G. Carosi, L. Minoli, G. di Perri, G. Filice, M. Andreoni, D. Duiculescu, S. Rugina, S. Erscoiu, A. Streinu, A. Pronin, V. Pokrovsky, B. Gruzdev, A. Yakovlev, E. Voronin, B. Clotet, J. Gatell, J. Arribas, D. Podzamczer, P. Domingo, C. Miralles Alvarez, J. Hernandez Quero, H. Furrer, J. Feher, M. Johnson, J. Fox, M. Nelson, M. Fisher, C. Orkin. (2011) Lipid profiles for etravirine versus efavirenz in treatment-naive patients in the randomized, double-blind SENSE trial. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy
CrossRef12
2011. Other Pharmacologic Approaches. , 533-541.
CrossRef13
F. D'Ascenzo, E. Cerrato, G. Biondi-Zoccai, C. Moretti, P. Omede, F. Sciuto, M. Bollati, M. G. Modena, F. Gaita, I. Sheiban. (2011) Acute coronary syndromes in human immunodeficiency virus patients: a meta-analysis investigating adverse event rates and the role of antiretroviral therapy. European Heart Journal
CrossRef14
Oni J. Blackstock, Karen H. Wang, David A. Fiellin. (2011) State Variation in AIDS Drug Assistance Program Prescription Drug Coverage for Modifiable Cardiovascular Risk Factors. Journal of General Internal Medicine 26:12, 1426-1433
CrossRef15
Su Jin Jeong, Chang Oh Kim, Young Goo Song, Ji-hyeon Baek, Sun Bean Kim, Sung Joon Jin, Nam Su Ku, Sang Hoon Han, Jun Yong Choi, Hyun Chul Lee, June Myung Kim. (2011) Low plasma levels of the soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products in HIV-infected patients with subclinical carotid atherosclerosis receiving combined antiretroviral therapy. Atherosclerosis 219:2, 778-783
CrossRef16
G. Guaraldi, G. Orlando, S. Zona, M. Menozzi, F. Carli, E. Garlassi, A. Berti, E. Rossi, A. Roverato, F. Palella. (2011) Premature Age-Related Comorbidities Among HIV-Infected Persons Compared With the General Population. Clinical Infectious Diseases 53:11, 1120-1126
CrossRef17
L. D. Rasmussen, L. Kessel, L. D. Molander, C. Pedersen, J. Gerstoft, G. Kronborg, N. Obel. (2011) Risk of Cataract Surgery in HIV-Infected Individuals: A Danish Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study. Clinical Infectious Diseases 53:11, 1156-1163
CrossRef18
Stacy D. Fisher, Brinder S. Kanda, Tracie L. Miller, Steven E. Lipshultz. (2011) Cardiovascular Disease and Therapeutic Drug-Related Cardiovascular Consequences in HIV-Infected Patients. American Journal Cardiovascular Drugs 11:6, 383-394
CrossRef19
Chiara Giannarelli, Robert S. Klein, Juan J. Badimon. (2011) Cardiovascular implications of HIV-induced dyslipidemia. Atherosclerosis 219:2, 384-389
CrossRef20
P. Gresele, E. Falcinelli, M. Sebastiano, F. Baldelli. (2011) Endothelial and platelet function alterations in HIV-infected patients. Thrombosis Research
CrossRef21
E. DeJesus, A. Mills, L. Bhatti, C. Conner, S. Storfer. (2011) A randomised comparison of safety and efficacy of nevirapine vs. atazanavir/ritonavir combined with tenofovir/emtricitabine in treatment-naïve patients. International Journal of Clinical Practice 65:12, 1240-1249
CrossRef22
Mario Cruciani, Arturo J Martí-Carvajal, Carlo Mengoli, Giovanni Serpelloni, Chiara Bovo, Graeme Moyle, Mario Cruciani. 2011. Abacavir versus other nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) backbone therapies for treatment of HIV infection. .
CrossRef23
K. Sliwa, M. J. Carrington, A. Becker, F. Thienemann, M. Ntsekhe, S. Stewart. (2011) Contribution of the human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome epidemic to de novo presentations of heart disease in the Heart of Soweto Study cohort. European Heart Journal
CrossRef24
Eduardo Canalejo, Noemí Cabello, Isabel Perales, Sonia Allodi, Aquilino Sánchez-Purificación. (2011) Enfermedad arterial periférica asintomática estimada mediante el índice tobillo-brazo en pacientes con infección por el VIH: prevalencia y factores de riesgo asociados. Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología Clínica 29:9, 672-678
CrossRef25
N. BAR-CHAMA, S. SNYDER, L. ALEDORT. (2011) Sexual evaluation and treatment of ageing males with haemophilia. Haemophilia 17:6, 875-883
CrossRef26
SME Vrouenraets, FWNM Wit, E Fernandez Garcia, GJ Moyle, AG Jackson, C Allavena, F Raffi, DT Jayaweera, S Mauss, C Katlama, M Fisher, L Slama, WD Hardy, E DeJesus, A van Eeden, P Reiss, . (2011) Randomized comparison of metabolic and renal effects of saquinavir/r or atazanavir/r plus tenofovir/emtricitabine in treatment-naïve HIV-1-infected patients. HIV Medicine 12:10, 620-631
CrossRef27
Andrew Scourfield, Laura Waters, Mark Nelson. (2011) Drug combinations for HIV: what’s new?. Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy 9:11, 1001-1011
CrossRef28
William Muronya, Esther Sanga, George Talama, Johnstone J. Kumwenda, Joep J. van Oosterhout. (2011) Cardiovascular risk factors in adult Malawians on long-term antiretroviral therapy. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 105:11, 644-649
CrossRef29
Elsayed Z. Soliman, Ronald J. Prineas, Mollie P. Roediger, Daniel A. Duprez, Franck Boccara, Christoph Boesecke, Christoph Stephan, Sally Hodder, James H. Stein, Jens D. Lundgren, James D. Neaton. (2011) Prevalence and prognostic significance of ECG abnormalities in HIV–infected patients: results from the Strategies for Management of Antiretroviral Therapy study. Journal of Electrocardiology 44:6, 779-785
CrossRef30
Chris T. Longenecker, Brian D. Hoit. (2011) Imaging atherosclerosis in HIV: carotid intima-media thickness and beyond. Translational Research
CrossRef31
J. V. Baker, W. K. Henry, P. Patel, T. J. Bush, L. J. Conley, W. J. Mack, E. T. Overton, M. Budoff, J. Hammer, C. C. Carpenter, H. N. Hodis, J. T. Brooks, . (2011) Progression of Carotid Intima-Media Thickness in a Contemporary Human Immunodeficiency Virus Cohort. Clinical Infectious Diseases 53:8, 826-835
CrossRef32
C. S. Satchell, J. A. O'Halloran, A. G. Cotter, A. J. Peace, E. F. O'Connor, A. F. Tedesco, E. R. Feeney, J. S. Lambert, G. J. Sheehan, D. Kenny, P. W. G. Mallon. (2011) Increased Platelet Reactivity in HIV-1-Infected Patients Receiving Abacavir-Containing Antiretroviral Therapy. Journal of Infectious Diseases 204:8, 1202-1210
CrossRef33
Mario Cruciani, Veronica Zanichelli, Giovanni Serpelloni, Oliviero Bosco, Marina Malena, Romualdo Mazzi, Carlo Mengoli, Saverio G. Parisi, Graeme Moyle. (2011) Abacavir use and cardiovascular disease events. AIDS 25:16, 1993-2004
CrossRef34
Elena Ferrer, Luis del Rio, Esteban Martínez, Jordi Curto, Pere Domingo, Esteban Ribera, Eugenia Negredo, Joaquim Rosales, Maria Saumoy, Jordi Ordóñez, Josep M. Gatell, Daniel Podzamczer. (2011) Impact of Switching from Lopinavir/Ritonavir to Atazanavir/Ritonavir on Body Fat Redistribution in Virologically Suppressed HIV-Infected Adults. AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses 27:10, 1061-1065
CrossRef35
Hazel Jones-Parker. (2011) Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in Patients With HIV Disease: A Guide for Nurse Practitioners. Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS care
CrossRef36
Amy Sims, Colleen Hadigan. (2011) Cardiovascular Complications in Children with HIV Infection. Current HIV/AIDS Reports 8:3, 209-214
CrossRef37
Jose Ignacio Bernardino, Marta Mora, Francisco Xavier Zamora, Blanca Arribas, Maria Luisa Montes, Francisco Pascual-Pareja, Belen San Jose, Jose Maria Peña, Jose Ramon Arribas. (2011) Hypertension and Isolated Office Hypertension in HIV-Infected Patients Determined By Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring: Prevalence and Risk Factors. JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 58:1, 54-59
CrossRef38
NF Crum-Cianflone, D Krause, D Wessman, S Medina, J Stepenosky, C Brandt, G Boswell. (2011) Fatty liver disease is associated with underlying cardiovascular disease in HIV-infected persons*. HIV Medicine 12:8, 463-471
CrossRef39
Olivia Bargiacchi, Anna M. Salerno, Antonella Rossati, Roberta Brondolo, Diego Brustia, Felicita Rosa, Giovanni Rizzo, Pietro L. Garavelli. (2011) Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome in una paziente con AIDS, insufficienza renale acuta, ipertensione arteriosa. Italian Journal of Medicine 5:3, 190-193
CrossRef40
J. Gutierrez, G. Ortiz. (2011) HIV/AIDS Patients with HIV Vasculopathy and VZV Vasculitis. Clinical Neuroradiology 21:3, 145-151
CrossRef41
Stefan Möhlenkamp, Nico Reinsch, Raimund Erbel, Till Neumann. (2011) Coronary risk assessment in patients with HIV infection: why bother?. The International Journal of Cardiovascular Imaging
CrossRef42
Mark W. Hull, Julio S. G. Montaner. (2011) Ritonavir-boosted protease inhibitors in HIV therapy. Annals of Medicine 43:5, 375-388
CrossRef43
Sara De Biasi, Marcello Pinti, Milena Nasi, Lara Gibellini, Linda Bertoncelli, Serena Manzini, Cristina Mussini, Andrea Cossarizza. (2011) HIV-1 Infection and the Aging of the Immune System: Facts, Similarities and Perspectives. Journal of Experimental & Clinical Medicine 3:4, 143-150
CrossRef44
T. Bommenel, O. Launay, J. L. Meynard, J. Gilquin, C. Katlama, A. S. Lascaux, A. Mahamat, V. Martinez, C. Pradier, E. Rouveix, A. Simon, D. Costagliola, S. Abgrall, , S. Abgrall, F. Barin, M. Bentata, E. Billaud, F. Boue, C. Burty, A. Cabie, D. Costagliola, L. Cotte, P. de Truchis, X. Duval, C. Duvivier, P. Enel, J. Gasnault, C. Gaud, J. Gilquin, S. Grabar, C. Katlama, M. A. Khuong, J. M. Lang, A. S. Lascaux, O. Launay, A. Mahamat, M. Mary-Krause, S. Matheron, J. L. Meynard, J. Pavie, G. Pialoux, F. Pilorge, I. Poizot-Martin, C. Pradier, J. Reynes, E. Rouveix, A. Simon, P. Tattevin, H. Tissot-Dupont, J. P. Viard, N. Viget, M. Brosseau, V. Salomon, N. Jacquemet, M. Guiguet, E. Lanoy, L. Lievre, H. Selinger-Leneman, J. M. Lacombe, V. Potard, F. Bricaire, S. Herson, N. Desplanque, P. M. Girard, M. C. Meyohas, O. Picard, J. Cadranel, C. Mayaud, J. P. Clauvel, J. M. Decazes, L. Gerard, J. M. Molina, M. Diemer, P. Sellier, P. Honore, V. Jeantils, S. Tassi, D. Mechali, B. Taverne, E. Bouvet, B. Crickx, J. L. Ecobichon, C. Picard-Dahan, P. Yeni, H. Berthe, C. Dupont, C. Chandemerle, E. Mortier, D. Tisne-Dessus, L. Weiss, D. Salmon, I. Auperin, L. Roudiere, R. Fior, J. F. Delfraissy, C. Goujard, C. Jung, P. Lesprit, D. Vittecoq, P. Fraisse, D. Rey, G. Beck-Wirth, J. P. Stahl, P. Lecercq, F. Gourdon, H. Laurichesse, A. Fresard, F. Lucht, C. Bazin, R. Verdon, P. Chavanet, C. Arvieux, C. Michelet, P. Choutet, A. Goudeau, M. F. Maitre, B. Hoen, P. Elinger, J. P. Faller, F. Borsa-Lebas, F. Caron, J. P. Daures, T. May, C. Rabaud, J. L. Berger, G. Remy, E. Arlet-Suau, L. Cuzin, P. Massip, M. F. Thiercelin Legrand, G. Pontonnier, Y. Yasdanpanah, P. Dellamonica, P. Pugliese, K. Aleksandrowicz, D. Quinsat, I. Ravaux, J. P. Delmont, J. Moreau, J. A. Gastaut, F. Retornaz, J. Soubeyrand, A. Galinier, J. M. Ruiz, T. Allegre, P. A. Blanc, D. Bonnet-Montchardon, G. Lepeu, P. Granet-Brunello, J. P. Esterni, L. Pelissier, R. Cohen-Valensi, M. Nezri, S. Chapadaud, A. Laffeuillade, F. Raffi, A. Boibieux, D. Peyramond, J. M. Livrozet, J. L. Touraine, C. Trepo, M. Strobel, F. Bissuel, R. Pradinaud, M. Sobesky, M. Contant. (2011) Comparative effectiveness of continuing a virologically effective first-line boosted protease inhibitor combination or of switching to a three-drug regimen containing either efavirenz, nevirapine or abacavir. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 66:8, 1869-1877
CrossRef45
Line D. Rasmussen, Frederik N. Engsig, Hanne Christensen, Jan Gerstoft, Gitte Kronborg, Court Pedersen, Niels Obel. (2011) Risk of cerebrovascular events in persons with and without HIV. AIDS 25:13, 1637-1646
CrossRef46
Margaret P Rhoads, Julie Lanigan, Colette J Smith, E G Hermione Lyall. (2011) Effect of Specific ART Drugs on Lipid Changes and the Need for Lipid Management in Children With HIV. JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 57:5, 404-412
CrossRef47
Ching-Lan Lu, Yu-Hui Lin, Wing-Wai Wong, Hsi-Hsin Lin, Mao-Wang Ho, Ning-Chi Wang, Szu-Min Hsieh, Wang-Huei Sheng, Chien-Ching Hung, Mao-Yuan Chen. (2011) Outcomes of switch to atazanavir-containing combination antiretroviral therapy in HIV-1-infected patients with hyperlipidemia. Journal of Microbiology, Immunology and Infection 44:4, 258-264
CrossRef48
Allison C Ross, Grace A McComsey. (2011) Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Pediatric HIV: The Need for Population-Specific Guidelines. JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 57:5, 351-354
CrossRef49
Nicolai Lohse, Jan Gerstoft, Gitte Kronborg, Carsten Schade Larsen, Court Pedersen, Gitte Pedersen, Lars Nielsen, Henrik Toft Sørensen, Niels Obel. (2011) Comorbidity Acquired Before HIV Diagnosis and Mortality in Persons Infected and Uninfected With HIV: A Danish Population-Based Cohort Study. JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 57:4, 334-339
CrossRef50
Carlos D Malvestutto, Judith A Aberg. (2011) Management of dyslipidemia in HIV-infected patients. Clinical Lipidology 6:4, 447-462
CrossRef51
Madeleine Durand, Odile Sheehy, Jean-Guy Baril, Jacques Lelorier, Cécile L Tremblay. (2011) Association Between HIV Infection, Antiretroviral Therapy, and Risk of Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Cohort and Nested Case–Control Study Using Québecʼs Public Health Insurance Database. JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 57:3, 245-253
CrossRef52
R. J. Bedimo, A. O. Westfall, H. Drechsler, G. Vidiella, P. Tebas. (2011) Abacavir Use and Risk of Acute Myocardial Infarction and Cerebrovascular Events in the Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy Era. Clinical Infectious Diseases 53:1, 84-91
CrossRef53
Arvind Venkat, Sukhjit S. Takhar. 2011. Hiv-Positive Adults on Haart. , 141-157.
CrossRef54
D Podzamczer, J Andrade-Villanueva, B Clotet, S Taylor, JK Rockstroh, P Reiss, P Domingo, HJ Gellermann, L de Rossi, V Cairns, V Soriano. (2011) Lipid profiles for nevirapine vs. atazanavir/ritonavir, both combined with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate and emtricitabine over 48 weeks, in treatment-naïve HIV-1-infected patients (the ARTEN study). HIV Medicine 12:6, 374-382
CrossRef55
Frank J Palella, John P Phair. (2011) Cardiovascular disease in HIV infection. Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS 6:4, 266-271
CrossRef56
Louis H. Miller, John T. Coppola. (2011) Noninvasive Assessment of HIV-related Coronary Artery Disease. Current HIV/AIDS Reports 8:2, 114-121
CrossRef57
Andy I Choi, Eric Vittinghoff, Steven G Deeks, Cristin C Weekley, Yongmei Li, Michael G Shlipak. (2011) Cardiovascular risks associated with abacavir and tenofovir exposure in HIV-infected persons. AIDS 25:10, 1289-1298
CrossRef58
David Dimock, Vijaya Thomas, Anna Cushing, Julia B. Purdy, Carol Worrell, Jeffrey B. Kopp, Rohan Hazra, Colleen Hadigan. (2011) Longitudinal assessment of metabolic abnormalities in adolescents and young adults with HIV-infection acquired perinatally or in early childhood. Metabolism 60:6, 874-880
CrossRef59
H. Zhao, M. B. Goetz. (2011) Complications of HIV infection in an ageing population: challenges in managing older patients on long-term combination antiretroviral therapy. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 66:6, 1210-1214
CrossRef60
Giovanni Guaraldi, Riccardo Scaglioni, Stefano Zona, Gabriella Orlando, Federica Carli, Guido Ligabue, Giulia Besutti, Pietro Bagni, Rosario Rossi, Maria G Modena, Paolo Raggi. (2011) Epicardial adipose tissue is an independent marker of cardiovascular risk in HIV-infected patients. AIDS 25:9, 1199-1205
CrossRef61
Samir K. Gupta, Deming Mi, Ziyue Liu, Chandan Saha. (2011) Endothelial, Inflammatory, Coagulation, Metabolic Effects and Safety of Etravirine in HIV-Uninfected Volunteers. AIDS Patient Care and STDs 25:6, 327-331
CrossRef62
Michael P. Dubé, Joseph J. Cadden. (2011) Lipid Metabolism in Treated HIV Infection. Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 25:3, 429-442
CrossRef63
Estevão Portela Nunes, Marilia Santini de Oliveira, Beatriz Grinsztejn. (2011) Lopinavir: the old champion. Future Virology 6:5, 561-570
CrossRef64
R. Mulder, Y. I. G. V. Tichelaar, H. G. Sprenger, A. B. Mulder, W. M. Lijfering. (2011) Relationship between cytomegalovirus infection and procoagulant changes in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients. Clinical Microbiology and Infection 17:5, 747-749
CrossRef65
J. V. Baker, J. D. Lundgren. (2011) Cardiovascular implications from untreated human immunodeficiency virus infection. European Heart Journal 32:8, 945-951
CrossRef66
H. J. Ribaudo, C. A. Benson, Y. Zheng, S. L. Koletar, A. C. Collier, J. J. Lok, M. Smurzynski, R. J. Bosch, B. Bastow, J. T. Schouten, . (2011) No Risk of Myocardial Infarction Associated With Initial Antiretroviral Treatment Containing Abacavir: Short and Long-Term Results from ACTG A5001/ALLRT. Clinical Infectious Diseases 52:7, 929-940
CrossRef67
P. Maggi, C. Bellacosa, V. Carito, F. Perilli, A. Lillo, A. Volpe, G. Trillo, D. Angiletta, G. Regina, G. Angarano. (2011) Cardiovascular risk factors in patients on long-term treatment with nevirapine- or efavirenz-based regimens. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 66:4, 896-900
CrossRef68
Jean-Jacques Parienti, Gilles Peytavin. (2011) Nevirapine once daily: pharmacology, metabolic profile and efficacy data of the new extended-release formulation. Expert Opinion on Drug Metabolism & Toxicology 7:4, 495-503
CrossRef69
Kevin A Sztam, Hongyu Jiang, Andrea Jurgrau, Richard J Deckelbaum, Marc D Foca. (2011) Early Increases in Concentrations of Total, LDL, and HDL Cholesterol in HIV-infected Children Following New Exposure to Antiretroviral Therapy. Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition 52:4, 495-498
CrossRef70
A. Ganesan, N. Crum-Cianflone, J. Higgins, J. Qin, C. Rehm, J. Metcalf, C. Brandt, J. Vita, C. F. Decker, P. Sklar, M. Bavaro, S. Tasker, D. Follmann, F. Maldarelli. (2011) High Dose Atorvastatin Decreases Cellular Markers of Immune Activation Without Affecting HIV-1 RNA Levels: Results of a Double-blind Randomized Placebo Controlled Clinical Trial. Journal of Infectious Diseases 203:6, 756-764
CrossRef71
Carla M. T. Fourie, Johannes M. Rooyen, Annamarie Kruger, Michael H. Olsen, Jesper Eugen-Olsen, Rudolph Schutte, Aletta E. Schutte. (2011) Soluble Urokinase Plasminogen Activator Receptor (suPAR) is Associated with Metabolic Changes in HIV-1-Infected Africans: A Prospective Study. Inflammation
CrossRef72
L. Magenta, S. Dell-Kuster, W.O. Richter, J. Young, B. Hasse, M. Flepp, B. Hirschel, P. Vernazza, J. Evison, M. Cavassini, L.A. Decosterd, H.C. Bucher, E. Bernasconi. (2011) Lipid and Lipoprotein Profile in HIV-Infected Patients Treated with Lopinavir/Ritonavir as a Component of the First Combination Antiretroviral Therapy. AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses110306081558090
CrossRef73
Allison C Ross, Grace A McComsey. (2011) Assessment and modification of cardiovascular disease risk in the HIV-infected individual. Future Virology 6:3, 307-320
CrossRef74
Tanya Welz, Kate Childs, Frank A Post. (2011) Do nevirapine and efavirenz affect vitamin D homeostasis similarly?. AIDS 25:6, 875-876
CrossRef75
Susan Moir, Tae-Wook Chun, Anthony S. Fauci. (2011) Pathogenic Mechanisms of HIV Disease *. Annual Review of Pathology: Mechanisms of Disease 6:1, 223-248
CrossRef76
Steven G. Deeks. (2011) HIV Infection, Inflammation, Immunosenescence, and Aging. Annual Review of Medicine 62:1, 141-155
CrossRef77
T. Neumann, K.A. Lülsdorf, P. Krings, N. Reinsch, R. Erbel. (2011) Koronare Herzerkrankung bei HIV-infizierten Personen. Herz 36:1, 18-23
CrossRef78
Carl J. Fichtenbaum. (2011) Inflammatory Markers Associated with Coronary Heart Disease in Persons with HIV Infection. Current Infectious Disease Reports 13:1, 94-101
CrossRef79
K. E. Mondy, J. Gottdiener, E. T. Overton, K. Henry, T. Bush, L. Conley, J. Hammer, C. C. Carpenter, E. Kojic, P. Patel, J. T. Brooks, . (2011) High Prevalence of Echocardiographic Abnormalities among HIV-infected Persons in the Era of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy. Clinical Infectious Diseases 52:3, 378-386
CrossRef80
Diixa Patel, Lawrence R. Crane. (2011) Growing Old with HIV. Current Infectious Disease Reports 13:1, 75-82
CrossRef81
L. Vandekerckhove, C. Verhofstede, E. Demecheleer, S. De Wit, E. Florence, K. Fransen, M. Moutschen, W. Mostmans, K. Kabeya, N. Mackie, J. Plum, D. Vaira, K. Van Baelen, I. Vandenbroucke, V. Van Eygen, H. Van Marck, D. Vogelaers, A. M. Geretti, L. J. Stuyver. (2011) Comparison of phenotypic and genotypic tropism determination in triple-class-experienced HIV patients eligible for maraviroc treatment. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 66:2, 265-272
CrossRef82
Alexandra Mangili, Joseph F. Polak, Lien A. Quach, Jul Gerrior, Christine A. Wanke. (2011) Markers of atherosclerosis and inflammation and mortality in patients with HIV infection. Atherosclerosis 214:2, 468-473
CrossRef83
N Gianotti, F Visco, L Galli, B Barda, P Piatti, S Salpietro, A Bigoloni, C Vinci, S Nozza, G Gallotta, A Lazzarin, A Castagna. (2011) Detecting impaired glucose tolerance or type 2 diabetes mellitus by means of an oral glucose tolerance test in HIV-infected patients. HIV Medicine 12:2, 109-117
CrossRef84
Robert S. Klein. (2011) Trends Related to Aging and Co-Occurring Disorders in HIV-Infected Drug Users. Substance Use & Misuse 46:2-3, 233-244
CrossRef85
William Chan, Anthony M. Dart. (2011) Vascular stiffness and aging in HIV. Sexual Health 8:4, 474
CrossRef86
Rosalind Foster, Sian Morris, Nathan Ryder, Lynne Wray, Anna McNulty. (2011) Screening of HIV-infected patients for non-AIDS-related morbidity: an evidence-based model of practice. Sexual Health 8:1, 30
CrossRef87
S Resino, D Micheloud, R Lorente, JMa Bellón, MaL Navarro, MaÁ Muñoz-Fernández. (2011) Adipokine profiles and lipodystrophy in HIV-infected children during the first 4 years on highly active antiretroviral therapy. HIV Medicine 12:1, 54-60
CrossRef88
Damien V. Cordery, David A. Cooper. (2011) Optimal antiretroviral therapy for aging. Sexual Health 8:4, 534
CrossRef89
Richard J. Havlik, Mark Brennan, Stephen E. Karpiak. (2011) Comorbidities and depression in older adults with HIV. Sexual Health 8:4, 551
CrossRef90
Kathy Petoumenos, Signe W. Worm. (2011) HIV infection, aging and cardiovascular disease: epidemiology and prevention. Sexual Health 8:4, 465
CrossRef91
C. Tremblay, B. Trottier, A. Rachlis, J.G. Baril, M. Loutfy, R. Lalonde, J.S. Sampalis, F. Boulerice. (2011) Treatment Durability, Effectiveness, and Safety with Atazanavir/Ritonavir-Based HAART Regimen in Treatment-Naïve HIV-lnfected Patients. HIV Clinical Trials 12:3, 151-160
CrossRef92
DA Cooper, DV Cordery, P Reiss, K Henry, M Nelson, M O'Hearn, J Reynes, K Arastéh, J Chung, L Rowell, D Guimaraes, A Bertasso, . (2011) The effects of enfuvirtide therapy on body composition and metabolic parameters over 48 weeks in the TORO body imaging substudy*. HIV Medicine 12:1, 31-39
CrossRef93
Claire Naftalin, Bavithra Nathan, Lisa Hamzah, Frank A. Post. (2011) HIV-associated kidney disease in the context of an aging population. Sexual Health 8:4, 485
CrossRef94
(2011) Clinical Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of HIV/AIDS in HIV-infected Koreans. Infection and Chemotherapy 43:2, 89
CrossRef95
F. Boccara, M. Mary-Krause, E. Teiger, S. Lang, P. Lim, K. Wahbi, F. Beygui, O. Milleron, P. Gabriel Steg, C. Funck-Brentano, M. Slama, P.-M. Girard, D. Costagliola, A. Cohen, . (2011) Acute coronary syndrome in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients: characteristics and 1 year prognosis. European Heart Journal 32:1, 41-50
CrossRef96
Jason V Baker, Jacqueline Neuhaus, Daniel Duprez, Lewis H Kuller, Russell Tracy, Waldo H Belloso, Stephane De Wit, Fraser Drummond, H Clifford Lane, Bruno Ledergerber, Jens Lundgren, Daniel E Nixon, Nicholas I Paton, James D Neaton. (2011) Changes in Inflammatory and Coagulation Biomarkers: A Randomized Comparison of Immediate versus Deferred Antiretroviral Therapy in Patients With HIV Infection. JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 56:1, 36-43
CrossRef97
Krisann K. Oursler, Joseph L. Goulet, Stephen Crystal, Amy C. Justice, Kristina Crothers, Adeel A. Butt, Maria C. Rodriguez-Barradas, Knachelle Favors, David Leaf, Leslie I. Katzel, John D. Sorkin. (2011) Association of Age and Comorbidity with Physical Function in HIV-Infected and Uninfected Patients: Results from the Veterans Aging Cohort Study. AIDS Patient Care and STDs 25:1, 13-20
CrossRef98
A. MacInnes, A. Lazzarin, G. Di Perri, J.G. Sierra-Madero, J. Aberg, J. Heera, N. Rajicic, J. Goodrich, H. Mayer, H. Valdez. (2011) Maraviroc Can Improve Lipid Profiles in Dyslipidemic Patients with HIV: Results from the MERIT Trial. HIV Clinical Trials 12:1, 24-36
CrossRef99
Cristina Giannattasio, Monica Failla, Nicola Squillace, Alberto Dolara, Francesca Cesana, Francesca Sabbatini, Alessandra Bandera, Rita Facchetti, Dario Dozio, Andrea Gori, Giuseppe Mancia. (2010) Ultrasonographic backscatter of the carotid artery wall in patients with HIV infection: A pilot study. Blood Pressure 19:6, 344-350
CrossRef100
Virginia A Triant, Susan Regan, Hang Lee, Paul E Sax, James B Meigs, Steven K Grinspoon. (2010) Association of Immunologic and Virologic Factors With Myocardial Infarction Rates in a US Healthcare System. JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 55:5, 615-619
CrossRef101
Josephine Mauskopf, Lieven Annemans, Andrew M. Hill, Erik Smets. (2010) A Review of Economic Evaluations of Darunavir Boosted by Low-Dose Ritonavir in Treatment-Experienced Persons Living with HIV Infection. PharmacoEconomics 28, 1-16
CrossRef102
Caroline Foster, Sarah Fidler. (2010) Optimizing antiretroviral therapy in adolescents with perinatally acquired HIV-1 infection. Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy 8:12, 1403-1416
CrossRef103
Thomas Hedner, Suzanne Oparil, Krzysztof Narkiewicz, Ingrid Os. (2010) Cardiovascular risks in HIV patients. Blood Pressure 19:6, 325-327
CrossRef104
Jason V Baker, Daniel Duprez. (2010) Biomarkers and HIV-associated cardiovascular disease. Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS 5:6, 511-516
CrossRef105
Anna Maisa, Clare Westhorpe, Julian Elliott, Anthony Jaworowski, Anna C Hearps, Anthony M Dart, Jennifer Hoy, Suzanne M Crowe. (2010) Premature onset of cardiovascular disease in HIV-infected individuals: the drugs and the virus. HIV Therapy 4:6, 675-692
CrossRef106
Jordan E Lake, Judith S Currier. (2010) Switching antiretroviral therapy to minimize metabolic complications. HIV Therapy 4:6, 693-711
CrossRef107
Matthew Lytwyn, Nazanin Fallah-Rad, Jonathan Walker, Sheena Bohonis, Farrukh Hussain, Ivan Barac, Davinder S. Jassal. (2010) The Utility of Dobutamine Stress Echocardiography for the Diagnosis of Coronary Artery Disease in the HIV Population. Echocardiography 27:10, 1228-1232
CrossRef108
L.F. Deresz, E. Sprinz, A.S. Kramer, G. Cunha, A.R. de Oliveira, H. Sporleder, D.R.J. de Freitas, A.R. Lazzarotto, P. Dall'Ago. (2010) Regulation of oxidative stress in response to acute aerobic and resistance exercise in HIV-infected subjects: a case–control study. AIDS Care 22:11, 1410-1417
CrossRef109
Tracie L Miller, Gabriel Somarriba, E John Orav, Armando J Mendez, Daniela Neri, Natasha Schaefer, Lourdes Forster, Ronald Goldberg, Gwendolyn B Scott, Steven E Lipshultz. (2010) Biomarkers of Vascular Dysfunction in Children Infected With Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1. JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 55:2, 182-188
CrossRef110
Érico Higino de Carvalho, Demócrito de Barros Miranda Filho, Ricardo Arraes de Alencar Ximenes, Maria de Fátima Pessoa Militão de Albuquerque, Heloísa Ramos Lacerda de Melo, Thais Gelenske, Zoraya de Barros Medeiros, Ulisses Montarroyos, Francisco Bandeira. (2010) Prevalence of Hyperapolipoprotein B and Associations with Other Cardiovascular Risk Factors Among Human Immunodeficiency Virus–Infected Patients in Pernambuco, Brazil. Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders 8:5, 403-410
CrossRef111
Daniel Salas, Julián Olalla, Alfonso Del Arco, Javier De La Torre, José Luis Prada, Marta Pombo, Javier García-Alegría, Francisco Martos. (2010) Factores asociados a índice tobillo-brazo alterado en una cohorte de pacientes con infección por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana de tipo 1. Medicina Clínica 135:12, 533-536
CrossRef112
Nina Friis-Møller, Rodolphe Thiébaut, Peter Reiss, Rainer Weber, Antonella DʼArminio Monforte, Stephane De Wit, Wafaa El-Sadr, Eric Fontas, Signe Worm, Ole Kirk, Andrew Phillips, Caroline A. Sabin, Jens D. Lundgren, Matthew G. Law. (2010) Predicting the risk of cardiovascular disease in HIV-infected patients: the Data collection on Adverse Effects of Anti-HIV Drugs Study. European Journal of Cardiovascular Prevention & Rehabilitation 17:5, 491-501
CrossRef113
Jason J Schafer, William R Short, Kathleen E Squires. (2010) Association Between Abacavir Exposure and Increased Risk for Cardiovascular Disease in Patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus. Pharmacotherapy 30:10, 1072-1083
CrossRef114
WH Belloso, LC Orellana, B Grinsztejn, JS Madero, A La Rosa, VG Veloso, J Sanchez, R Ismerio Moreira, B Crabtree-Ramirez, O Garcia Messina, MB Lasala, J Peinado, MH Losso. (2010) Analysis of serious non-AIDS events among HIV-infected adults at Latin American sites. HIV Medicine 11:9, 554-564
CrossRef115
, F. Schoeni-Affolter, B. Ledergerber, M. Rickenbach, C. Rudin, H. F. Gunthard, A. Telenti, H. Furrer, S. Yerly, P. Francioli. (2010) Cohort Profile: The Swiss HIV Cohort Study. International Journal of Epidemiology 39:5, 1179-1189
CrossRef116
Lidia Gazzola, Camilla Tincati, Antonella d’Arminio Monforte. (2010) Noninfectious HIV-related comorbidities and HAART toxicities: choosing alternative antiretroviral strategies. HIV Therapy 4:5, 553-565
CrossRef117
Robin L. Hardwicke, Stanley T. Lewis, Richard M. Grimes. (2010) Evaluation and Pharmacologic Management of the HIV-Infected Patient With Dyslipidemia. Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS care 21:5, 429-438
CrossRef118
D. Carey, J. Amin, M. Boyd, K. Petoumenos, S. Emery. (2010) Lipid profiles in HIV-infected adults receiving atazanavir and atazanavir/ritonavir: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 65:9, 1878-1888
CrossRef119
F. Kearney, A. R. Moore, C. F. Donegan, J. Lambert. (2010) The ageing of HIV: implications for geriatric medicine. Age and Ageing 39:5, 536-541
CrossRef120
Kevin Johns, Ramesh Saeedi, G.B. John Mancini, Greg Bondy. (2010) Ankle Brachial Index Screening for Occult Vascular Disease Is Not Useful in HIV-Positive Patients. AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses 26:9, 955-959
CrossRef121
Dominique Costagliola, Sylvie Lang, Murielle Mary-Krause, Franck Boccara. (2010) Abacavir and Cardiovascular Risk: Reviewing the Evidence. Current HIV/AIDS Reports 7:3, 127-133
CrossRef122
Michael P. Dubé, Changyu Shen, Kieren J. Mather, Jeff Waltz, Martha Greenwald, Samir K. Gupta. (2010) Relationship of Body Composition, Metabolic Status, Antiretroviral Use, and HIV Disease Factors to Endothelial Dysfunction in HIV-Infected Subjects. AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses 26:8, 847-854
CrossRef123
Giovanni Guaraldi, Stefano Zona. (2010) From lipodystrophy to cardiovascular disease: new insight into the management of HIV infection. Clinical Lipidology 5:4, 583-593
CrossRef124
Erika Coria-Ramirez, Leopoldo Nieto Cisneros, Sandra Treviño-Perez, Isabel Ibarra-Gonzalez, Jesus Casillas-Rodriguez, Abraham Majluf-Cruz. (2010) Effect of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy on Homocysteine Plasma Concentrations in HIV-1–Infected Patients. JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 54:5, 477-481
CrossRef125
Jennifer E Ho, Steven G Deeks, Frederick M Hecht, Yu Xie, Amanda Schnell, Jeffrey N Martin, Peter Ganz, Priscilla Y Hsue. (2010) Initiation of antiretroviral therapy at higher nadir CD4+ T-cell counts is associated with reduced arterial stiffness in HIV-infected individuals. AIDS 24:12, 1897-1905
CrossRef126
Fiona C Lampe, Daniel A Duprez, Lewis H Kuller, Russell Tracy, James Otvos, Erik Stroes, David A Cooper, Jennifer Hoy, Nick I Paton, Nina Friis-Møller, Jacquie Neuhaus, Angelike P Liappis, Andrew N Phillips. (2010) Changes in Lipids and Lipoprotein Particle Concentrations After Interruption of Antiretroviral Therapy. JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 54:3, 275-284
CrossRef127
Beatriz Grinsztejn, Giovanni Di Perri, William Towner, Brian Woodfall, Goedele De Smedt, Monika Peeters. (2010) A Review of the Safety and Tolerability Profile of the Next-Generation NNRTI Etravirine. AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses 26:7, 725-733
CrossRef128
Dirk Meyer-Olson, Reinhold E Schmidt, Benjamin A Bollmann. (2010) Treatment and prevention of cytomegalovirus-associated diseases in HIV-1 infection in the era of HAART. HIV Therapy 4:4, 413-436
CrossRef129
Esteban Martinez, María Larrousse, Josep M Llibre, Felix Gutierrez, Maria Saumoy, Antonio Antela, Hernando Knobel, Javier Murillas, Juan Berenguer, Judit Pich, Ignacio Pérez, José M Gatell. (2010) Substitution of raltegravir for ritonavir-boosted protease inhibitors in HIV-infected patients: the SPIRAL study. AIDS 24:11, 1697-1707
CrossRef130
Paul A Volberding, Steven G Deeks. (2010) Antiretroviral therapy and management of HIV infection. The Lancet 376:9734, 49-62
CrossRef131
Herman G. Sprenger, Nienke Langebeek, Paul G.H. Mulder, Chris H.H. Ten Napel, Robert Vriesendorp, Andy I.M. Hoepelman, Jean-Claude Legrand, Peter P. Koopmans, Marjo E.E. Van Kasteren, Bert Bravenboer, Reinier W. Ten Kate, Paul H.P. Groeneveld, Tjip S. van der Werf, Elisabeth H. Gisolf, Clemens Richter. (2010) Abacavir/Lamivudine/Zidovudine Maintenance After Standard Induction in Antiretroviral Therapy-Naïve Patients: FREE Randomized Trial Interim Results. AIDS Patient Care and STDs 24:6, 361-366
CrossRef132
Tânia Regina Beraldo Battistini, Roseli Oselka Saccardo Sarni, Fabíola Isabel Suano de Souza, Tassiana Sacchi Pitta, Ana Paula Fernandes, Sonia Hix, Fernando Luiz Affonso Fonseca, Priscila Chemiotti Tardini, Valter Pinho dos Santos, Fábio Ancona Lopez. (2010) Lipodystrophy, lipid profile changes, and low serum retinol and carotenoid levels in children and adolescents with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Nutrition 26:6, 612-616
CrossRef133
Marion A.M. den Boer, Marit Westerterp, Jitske de Vries-van der Weij, Yanan Wang, Lihui Hu, Sonia M.S. Espirito Santo, Teake Kooistra, Peter Reiss, Johannes A. Romijn, Louis M. Havekes, Patrick C.N. Rensen. (2010) Ritonavir protects against the development of atherosclerosis in APOE*3-Leiden mice. Atherosclerosis 210:2, 381-387
CrossRef134
Kathleen Falster, Handan Wand, Basil Donovan, Jonathan Anderson, David Nolan, Kerrie Watson, Jo Watson, Matthew G Law. (2010) Hospitalizations in a cohort of HIV patients in Australia, 1999–2007. AIDS 24:9, 1329-1339
CrossRef135
S. Naggie, C. Hicks. (2010) Protease inhibitor-based antiretroviral therapy in treatment-naive HIV-1-infected patients: the evidence behind the options. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 65:6, 1094-1099
CrossRef136
Sarah L. Pett, Anthony D. Kelleher, Sean Emery. (2010) Role of Interleukin-2 in Patients with HIV Infection. Drugs 70:9, 1115-1130
CrossRef137
B. Taiwo, C. Hicks, J. Eron. (2010) Unmet therapeutic needs in the new era of combination antiretroviral therapy for HIV-1. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 65:6, 1100-1107
CrossRef138
Michael J. Haas, Arshag D. Mooradian. (2010) Therapeutic Interventions to Enhance Apolipoprotein A-I-Mediated Cardioprotection. Drugs 70:7, 805-821
CrossRef139
Giuseppe Pontrelli, Alessandra M Martino, Hyppolite K Tchidjou, Rita Citton, Nadia Mora, Lucilla Ravà, Alberto E Tozzi, Paolo Palma, Maurizio Muraca, Elisabetta Franco, Paolo Rossi, Stefania Bernardi. (2010) HIV is associated with thrombophilia and high D-dimer in children and adolescents. AIDS 24:8, 1145-1151
CrossRef140
Rakesh K. Mishra. (2010) Cardiac Emergencies in Patients with HIV. Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America 28:2, 273-282
CrossRef141
Carl J. Fichtenbaum. (2010) Does Antiretroviral Therapy Increase or Decrease the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease?. Current HIV/AIDS Reports 7:2, 92-98
CrossRef142
James J. Kohler, William Lewis. 2010. Cardiovascular Toxicities of Life-Saving Drugs: Antiviral Therapy. , 313-332.
CrossRef143
Philip E Tarr, Margalida Rotger, Amalio Telenti. (2010) Dyslipidemia in HIV-infected individuals: from pharmacogenetics to pharmacogenomics. Pharmacogenomics 11:4, 587-594
CrossRef144
Leonardo Calza, Roberto Manfredi, Gabriella Verucchi. (2010) Myocardial infarction risk in HIV-infected patients: epidemiology, pathogenesis, and clinical management. AIDS 24:6, 789-802
CrossRef145
Robert L Murphy, Baiba Berzins, Carlos Zala, Carl Fichtenbaum, Michael P Dube, Giovanni Guaraldi, Francesca Torriani, Elizabeth Belsey, Carol Mitchell, James H Stein. (2010) Change to atazanavir/ritonavir treatment improves lipids but not endothelial function in patients on stable antiretroviral therapy. AIDS 24:6, 885-890
CrossRef146
Jean-Michel Molina, Jaime Andrade-Villanueva, Juan Echevarria, Ploenchan Chetchotisakd, Jorge Corral, Neal David, Graeme Moyle, Marco Mancini, Lisa Percival, Rong Yang, Victoria Wirtz, Max Lataillade, Judith Absalon, Donnie McGrath. (2010) Once-Daily Atazanavir/Ritonavir Compared With Twice-Daily Lopinavir/Ritonavir, Each in Combination With Tenofovir and Emtricitabine, for Management of Antiretroviral-Naive HIV-1-Infected Patients: 96-Week Efficacy and Safety Results of the CASTLE Study. JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 53:3, 323-332
CrossRef147
Abdul Hakeem, Sabha Bhatti, Mehmet Cilingiroglu. (2010) The Spectrum of Atherosclerotic Coronary Artery Disease in HIV Patients. Current Atherosclerosis Reports 12:2, 119-124
CrossRef148
M. A. Valantin, R. Bittar, P. de Truchis, D. Bollens, L. Slama, P. Giral, D. Bonnefont-Rousselot, P. Petour, C. Aubron-Olivier, D. Costagliola, C. Katlama, . (2010) Switching the nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor backbone to tenofovir disoproxil fumarate + emtricitabine promptly improves triglycerides and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in dyslipidaemic patients. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 65:3, 556-561
CrossRef149
Carly Skamra, Rosalind Ramsey-Goldman. (2010) Management of cardiovascular complications in systemic lupus erythematosus. International Journal of Clinical Rheumatology 5:1, 75-100
CrossRef150
Georg MN Behrens, Peter Reiss. (2010) Abacavir and cardiovascular risk. Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases 23:1, 9-14
CrossRef151
Ali Judd, Katherine L Boyd, Wolfgang Stöhr, David Dunn, Karina Butler, Hermione Lyall, Mike Sharland, Delane Shingadia, Andrew Riordan, Di M Gibb. (2010) Effect of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate on risk of renal abnormality in HIV-1-infected children on antiretroviral therapy: a nested case–control study. AIDS 24:4, 525-534
CrossRef152
Mario Cruciani, Carlo Mengoli, Giovanni Serpelloni, Saverio G Parisi, Mario Cruciani. 2010. Abacavir-based triple nucleoside regimens for maintenance therapy in patients with HIV. .
CrossRef153
Sara Melzi, Laura Carenzi, Maria Vittoria Cossu, Simone Passerini, Amedeo Capetti, Giuliano Rizzardini. (2010) Lipid Metabolism and Cardiovascular Risk in HIV-1 Infection and HAART: Present and Future Problems. Cholesterol 2010, 1-13
CrossRef154
José Ignacio Bernardino de la Serna, Francisco Xavier Zamora, María Luisa Montes, Juan García-Puig, José Ramón Arribas. (2010) Hipertensión arterial, infección por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana y tratamiento antirretrovírico de gran actividad. Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología Clínica 28:1, 32-37
CrossRef155
Samuel Broder. (2010) The development of antiretroviral therapy and its impact on the HIV-1/AIDS pandemic. Antiviral Research 85:1, 1-18
CrossRef156
Jennifer Jao, Christina M. Wyatt. (2010) Antiretroviral Medications: Adverse Effects on the Kidney. Advances in Chronic Kidney Disease 17:1, 72-82
CrossRef157
Alan R. Lifson, Waldo H. Belloso, Richard T. Davey, Daniel Duprez, Jose M. Gatell, Jennifer F. Hoy, Eric A. Krum, Ray Nelson, Court Pedersen, George Perez, Richard W. Price, Ronald J. Prineas, Frank S. Rhame, James H. Sampson, John Worley, the INSIGHT Study Group. (2010) Development of Diagnostic Criteria for Serious Non-AIDS Events in HIV Clinical Trials. HIV Clinical Trials 11:4, 205-219
CrossRef158
Giovanni Guaraldi, Chiara Stentarelli, Stefano Zona, Gabriella Orlando, Federica Carli, Guido Ligabue, Antonella Lattanzi, Giacomo Zaccherini, Rosario Rossi, Maria Grazia Modena, Nikolaos Alexopoulos, Frank Palella, Paolo Raggi. (2010) Lipodystrophy and anti-retroviral therapy as predictors of sub-clinical atherosclerosis in human immunodeficiency virus infected subjects. Atherosclerosis 208:1, 222-227
CrossRef159
David Goldberg, Kathleen M. Weber, Jennifer Orsi, Nancy A. Hessol, Gypsyamber D’Souza, D. Heather Watts, Rebecca Schwartz, Chenglong Liu, Marshall Glesby, Pamela Burian, Mardge H. Cohen. (2010) Smoking Cessation Among Women with and at Risk for HIV: Are They Quitting?. Journal of General Internal Medicine 25:1, 39-44
CrossRef160
Nico Reinsch, Kathrin Neuhaus, Stefan Esser, Anja Potthoff, Martin Hower, Norbert H. Brockmeyer, Raimund Erbel, Till Neumann. (2010) Prevalence of Cardiac Diastolic Dysfunction in HIV-Infected Patients: Results of the HIV-HEART Study. HIV Clinical Trials 11:3, 156-162
CrossRef161
Johan Bruun. (2010) Håndbok for overvåking av bivirkninger. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening 130:21, 2154-2155
CrossRef162
R Giuntini, C Martinelli, E Ricci, F Vichi, E Gianelli, G Madeddu, C Abeli, L Palvarini, G Penco, P Marconi, C Grosso, G Pellicano, P Bonfanti, T Quirino. (2010) Efficacy and safety of boosted and unboosted atazanavir-containing antiretroviral regimens in real life: results from a multicentre cohort study. HIV Medicine 11:1, 40-45
CrossRef163
Trevor Hawkins. (2010) Understanding and managing the adverse effects of antiretroviral therapy. Antiviral Research 85:1, 201-209
CrossRef164
Jennifer Cocohoba. (2009) The SWITCHMRK studies: substitution of lopinavir/ritonavir with raltegravir in HIV-positive individuals. Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy 7:10, 1159-1163
CrossRef165
Barbara Swanson, Beverly E. Sha, Joyce K. Keithley, Louis Fogg, Judith Nerad, Richard M. Novak, Oluwatoyin Adeyemi. (2009) Lipoprotein particle profiles by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy in medically underserved HIV-infected persons. Journal of Clinical Lipidology 3:6, 379-384
CrossRef166
SA Berry, YC Manabe, RD Moore, KA Gebo. (2009) Hospitalization risk following initiation of highly active antiretroviral therapy. HIV Medicineno-no
CrossRef167
Michael S Boger, Ayumi Shintani, Leigh Anne Redhage, Valerie Mitchell, David W Haas, Jason D Morrow, Todd Hulgan. (2009) Highly Sensitive C-Reactive Protein, Body Mass Index, and Serum Lipids in HIV-Infected Persons Receiving Antiretroviral Therapy: A Longitudinal Study. JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 52:4, 480-487
CrossRef168
Eefje Jong, Susan Louw, Joost C.M. Meijers, Martijn D. de Kruif, Hugo ten Cate, Harry R. Büller, Jan Willem Mulder, Eric C.M. van Gorp. (2009) The Hemostatic Balance in HIV-Infected Patients with and without Antiretroviral Therapy: Partial Restoration with Antiretroviral Therapy. AIDS Patient Care and STDs 23:12, 1001-1007
CrossRef169
Isaac Bogoch, Sharon Walmsley. (2009) First-line regimen failure of antiretroviral therapy: a clinical and evidence-based approach. Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS 4:6, 493-498
CrossRef170
Kathleen Falster, Jun Yong Choi, Basil Donovan, Chris Duncombe, Brian Mulhall, David Sowden, Jialun Zhou, Matthew G Law. (2009) AIDS-related and non-AIDS-related mortality in the Asia-Pacific region in the era of combination antiretroviral treatment. AIDS 23:17, 2323-2336
CrossRef171
A. Maagaard, D. Kvale. (2009) Mitochondrial toxicity in HIV-infected patients both off and on antiretroviral treatment: a continuum or distinct underlying mechanisms?. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 64:5, 901-909
CrossRef172
B. A. KONKLE, C. KESSLER, L. ALEDORT, J. ANDERSEN, P. FOGARTY, P. KOUIDES, D. QUON, M. RAGNI, A. ZAKARIJA, B. EWENSTEIN. (2009) Emerging clinical concerns in the ageing haemophilia patient. Haemophilia 15:6, 1197-1209
CrossRef173
F. Maggiolo. (2009) Efavirenz: a decade of clinical experience in the treatment of HIV. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 64:5, 910-928
CrossRef174
Paul Randell, Graeme Moyle. (2009) Antiretroviral Therapy With Heart. American Journal of Therapeutics 16:6, 579-584
CrossRef175
Jason B. Kirk, Matthew Bidwell Goetz. (2009) Human Immunodeficiency Virus in an Aging Population, a Complication of Success. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 57:11, 2129-2138
CrossRef176
Erdembileg Anuurad, Alison Semrad, Lars Berglund. (2009) Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy–Associated Metabolic Disorders and Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease. Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders 7:5, 401-409
CrossRef177
Nigora Mukhamedova, Honor Rose, Huanhuan L. Cui, Angela Grant, Urbain Tchoua, Anthony Dart, Michael Bukrinsky, Dmitri Sviridov. (2009) Antiretroviral compounds and cholesterol efflux from macrophages. Atherosclerosis 206:2, 439-443
CrossRef178
Kristin H Busse, Colleen Hadigan, Cheryl Chairez, Raul M Alfaro, Elizabeth Formentini, Joseph A Kovacs, Scott R Penzak. (2009) Gemfibrozil Concentrations Are Significantly Decreased in the Presence of Lopinavir-Ritonavir. JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 52:2, 235-239
CrossRef179
Jacques Genest, Ruth McPherson, Jiri Frohlich, Todd Anderson, Norm Campbell, André Carpentier, Patrick Couture, Robert Dufour, George Fodor, Gordon A. Francis, Steven Grover, Milan Gupta, Robert A. Hegele, David C. Lau, Lawrence Leiter, Gary F. Lewis, Eva Lonn, G.B. John Mancini, Dominic Ng, Glen J. Pearson, Allan Sniderman, James A. Stone, Ehud Ur. (2009) 2009 Canadian Cardiovascular Society/Canadian guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of dyslipidemia and prevention of cardiovascular disease in the adult – 2009 recommendations. Canadian Journal of Cardiology 25:10, 567-579
CrossRef180
Rosario Rossi, Annachiara Nuzzo, Giovanni Guaraldi, Gabriella Orlando, Nicola Squillace, Guido Ligabue, Federica Fiocchi, Andrea Di Girolamo, Renato Romagnoli, Maria Grazia Modena. (2009) The Role of the Framingham Risk Score to Predict the Presence of Subclinical Coronary Atherosclerosis in Patients with HIV Infection. JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 52:2, 303-304
CrossRef181
Nicolas Mounier, Christine Katlama, Dominique Costagliola, Rose-Marie Chichmanian, Jean-Philippe Spano. (2009) Drug interactions between antineoplastic and antiretroviral therapies: Implications and management for clinical practice. Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology 72:1, 10-20
CrossRef182
Paolo Maggi, Tiziana Quirino, Elena Ricci, Giuseppe Vittorio L. De Socio, Aurora Gadaleta, Fabrizio Ingrassia, Francesco Perilli, Antonio Lillo, Paolo Bonfanti. (2009) Cardiovascular Risk Assessment in Antiretroviral-Naïve HIV Patients. AIDS Patient Care and STDs 23:10, 809-813
CrossRef183
Michael R Dobbs, Joseph R Berger. (2009) Stroke in HIV infection and AIDS. Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy 7:10, 1263-1271
CrossRef184
G. Guaraldi, I. G. Baraboutis. (2009) Evolving perspectives on HIV-associated lipodystrophy syndrome: moving from lipodystrophy to non-infectious HIV co-morbidities. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 64:3, 437-440
CrossRef185
Mar Masiá, Félix Gutiérrez. (2009) Factores de riesgo cardiovascular dependientes de la infección por VIH. Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología Clínica 27, 17-23
CrossRef186
C. Noel Bairey Merz, Mark J. Alberts, Gary J. Balady, Christie M. Ballantyne, Kathy Berra, Henry R. Black, Roger S. Blumenthal, Michael H. Davidson, Sara B. Fazio, Keith C. Ferdinand, Lawrence J. Fine, Vivian Fonseca, Barry A. Franklin, Patrick E. McBride, George A. Mensah, Geno J. Merli, Patrick T. O'Gara, Paul D. Thompson, James A. Underberg. (2009) ACCF/AHA/ACP 2009 Competence and Training Statement: A Curriculum on Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 54:14, 1336-1363
CrossRef187
Sebastián Hernández, Magdalena Vidal, Enric Pedrol. (2009) Evaluación del riesgo cardiovascular e intervención en los pacientes con VIH. Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología Clínica 27, 40-47
CrossRef188
Leonardo Calza, Roberto Manfredi, Vincenzo Colangeli, Daria Pocaterra, Nirmala Rosseti, Michele Pavoni, Francesco Chiodo. (2009) Efficacy and Safety of Atazanavir-Ritonavir Plus Abacavir-Lamivudine or Tenofovir-Emtricitabine in Patients with Hyperlipidaemia Switched from a Stable Protease Inhibitor-Based Regimen Including One Thymidine Analogue. AIDS Patient Care and STDs 23:9, 691-697
CrossRef189
Joaquín Portilla. (2009) Factores de riesgo cardiovascular dependientes del paciente en población con infección por VIH. Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología Clínica 27, 10-16
CrossRef190
Ploenchan Chetchotisakd. (2009) The CASTLE study: atazanavir/r versus lopinavir/r in antiretroviral-naive patients. Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy 7:7, 801-805
CrossRef191
Fernando Lozano. (2009) Espectro de enfermedad cardiovascular en pacientes infectados por el VIH. Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología Clínica 27, 3-9
CrossRef192
M. Masia, E. Bernal, S. Padilla, N. Garcia, J. C. Escribano, E. Martinez, F. Gutierrez. (2009) A pilot randomized trial comparing an intensive versus a standard intervention in stable HIV-infected patients with moderate-high cardiovascular risk. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 64:3, 589-598
CrossRef193
Priscilla Y Hsue, Peter W Hunt, Yuaner Wu, Amanda Schnell, Jennifer E Ho, Hiroyu Hatano, Yu Xie, Jeffrey N Martin, Peter Ganz, Steven G Deeks. (2009) Association of abacavir and impaired endothelial function in treated and suppressed HIV-infected patients. AIDS 23:15, 2021-2027
CrossRef194
Peter M. Farrugia, Richard Lucariello, John T. Coppola. (2009) Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Atherosclerosis. Cardiology in Review 17:5, 211-215
CrossRef195
José Ignacio Bernardino De La Serna, José Ramón Arribas López. (2009) Controversias y futuro del abordaje de la enfermedad cardiovascular en pacientes con VIH. Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología Clínica 27, 48-53
CrossRef196
Cheryl L. McDonald, Jonathan R. Kaltman. (2009) Cardiovascular Disease in Adult and Pediatric HIV/AIDS. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 54:13, 1185-1188
CrossRef197
Martin Fisher, Graeme J Moyle, Mohsen Shahmanesh, Chloe Orkin, Margaret Kingston, Edmund Wilkins, Jacqueline Ewan, Hui Liu, Ramin Ebrahimi, Geraldine Reilly. (2009) A Randomized Comparative Trial of Continued Zidovudine/Lamivudine or Replacement With Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate/Emtricitabine in Efavirenz-Treated HIV-1-Infected Individuals. JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 51:5, 562-568
CrossRef198
Keith Henry. (2009) Internal medicine/primary care reminder: What are the standards of care for HIV-positive patients aged 50 years and older?. Current HIV/AIDS Reports 6:3, 153-161
CrossRef199
Rosario Palacios Muñoz, Susana Puerta Fernández, Ana Hidalgo Conde, Josefa Ruiz Morales, Mercedes González Serrano, Manuel Márquez Solero, Jesús Santos González. (2009) Eficacia y seguridad de asociar ezetimiba a dosis bajas de atorvastatina en la hipercolesterolemia asociada al tratamiento antirretroviral en pacientes con el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana. Clínica e Investigación en Arteriosclerosis 21:4, 185-189
CrossRef200
Antonio G Pacheco, Suely H Tuboi, Silvia B May, Luiz F S Moreira, Luciana Ramadas, Estevão P Nunes, Mônica Merçon, José C Faulhaber, Lee H Harrison, Mauro Schechter. (2009) Temporal Changes in Causes of Death Among HIV-Infected Patients in the HAART Era in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 51:5, 624-630
CrossRef201
Camilla Tincati, Giusi M BellistrÌ, Maddalena Casana, Esther Merlini, Laura Comi, Francesca Bai, Elisabetta Sinigaglia, Maurizio Cristina, Giovanni Carpani, Teresa Bini, Antonella dʼArminio Monforte, Giulia Marchetti. (2009) CD8+ Hyperactivation and Senescence Correlate With Early Carotid Intima-Media Thickness in HIV+ Patients With No Cardiovascular Disease. JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 51:5, 642-644
CrossRef202
T W Mahungu, D Nair, C J Smith, D Egan, M Youle, M A Johnson, S H Khoo, D J Back, A Owen. (2009) The Relationships of ABCB1 3435C>T and CYP2B6 516G>T With High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol in HIV-Infected Patients Receiving Efavirenz. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics 86:2, 204-211
CrossRef203
Munir Pirmohamed. (2009) Clinical management of HIV-associated lipodystrophy. Current Opinion in Lipidology 20:4, 309-314
CrossRef204
Giuseppe Schillaci, Giacomo Pucci, Giuseppe V.L. De Socio. (2009) HIV Infection and Antiretroviral Treatment: A “Two-Hit” Model for Arterial Stiffness?. American Journal of Hypertension 22:8, 817-818
CrossRef205
Benoît Marin, Rodolphe Thiébaut, Heiner C Bucher, Virginie Rondeau, Dominique Costagliola, Maria Dorrucci, Osamah Hamouda, Maria Prins, Sarah Walker, Kholoud Porter, Caroline Sabin, Geneviève Chêne. (2009) Non-AIDS-defining deaths and immunodeficiency in the era of combination antiretroviral therapy. AIDS 23:13, 1743-1753
CrossRef206
Alan Winston, Lucy Garvey. (2009) Clinical implications of antiretroviral pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in the CNS. HIV Therapy 3:4, 361-367
CrossRef207
E. P. MAUSER-BUNSCHOTEN, D. E. FRANSEN VAN DE PUTTE, R. E. G. SCHUTGENS. (2009) Co-morbidity in the ageing haemophilia patient: the down side of increased life expectancy. Haemophilia 15:4, 853-863
CrossRef208
Rosario Rossi, Annachiara Nuzzo, Giovanni Guaraldi, Nicola Squillace, Gabriella Orlando, Roberto Esposito, Antonella Lattanzi, Maria G. Modena. (2009) Metabolic disorders induced by highly active antiretroviral therapy and their relationship with vascular remodeling of the brachial artery in a population of HIV-infected patients. Metabolism 58:7, 927-933
CrossRef209
Farbod Raiszadeh, Donald R Hoover, Irene Lee, Qiuhu Shi, Kathryn Anastos, Wei Gao, Robert C Kaplan, Marshall J Glesby. (2009) Plasma Homocysteine Is Not Associated With HIV Serostatus or Antiretroviral Therapy in Women. JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 51:2, 175-178
CrossRef210
Jim Young, Tracy R. Glass, Enos Bernasconi, Martin Rickenbach, Hansjakob Furrer, Bernard Hirschel, Philip E. Tarr, Pietro Vernazza, Manuel Battegay, Heiner C. Bucher. (2009) Hierarchical modeling gave plausible estimates of associations between metabolic syndrome and components of antiretroviral therapy. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology 62:6, 632-641
CrossRef211
Richard H Haubrich, Sharon A Riddler, A Gregory DiRienzo, Lauren Komarow, William G Powderly, Karin Klingman, Kevin W Garren, David L Butcher, James F Rooney, David W Haas, John W Mellors, Diane V Havlir. (2009) Metabolic outcomes in a randomized trial of nucleoside, nonnucleoside and protease inhibitor-sparing regimens for initial HIV treatment. AIDS 23:9, 1109-1118
CrossRef212
Alessandra Viganò, Giulia Pattarino, Chiara Cerini, Gian Vincenzo Zuccotti. (2009) What happens to children growing up with HIV infection? It’s time for a HAART to heart. Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy 7:5, 495-498
CrossRef213
Miriam Lichtner, Maria Rosaria Cuomo, Raffaella Rossi, Stefano Strano, Anna P. Massetti, Claudio M. Mastroianni, Vincenzo Vullo. (2009) Increased carotid intima media thickness is associated with depletion of circulating myeloid dendritic cells in HIV-infected patients on suppressive antiretroviral treatment. Atherosclerosis 204:2, e1-e3
CrossRef214
L. Vandekerckhove, C. Verhofstede, D. Vogelaers. (2009) Maraviroc: perspectives for use in antiretroviral-naive HIV-1-infected patients. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 63:6, 1087-1096
CrossRef215
Jason V Baker, W Keith Henry, James D Neaton. (2009) The consequences of HIV infection and antiretroviral therapy use for cardiovascular disease risk: shifting paradigms. Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS 4:3, 176-182
CrossRef216
Sarah L Pett. (2009) Immunotherapies in HIV-1 infection. Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS 4:3, 188-193
CrossRef217
Kenneth A. Lichtenstein. (2009) Antiretroviral treatment interruptions and risk of non-opportunistic diseases. Current HIV/AIDS Reports 6:2, 77-82
CrossRef218
Alexandra Calmy, Angèle Gayet-Ageron, Fabrizio Montecucco, Alain Nguyen, Francois Mach, Fabienne Burger, Sasiwimol Ubolyam, Andrew Carr, Kiat Ruxungtham, Bernard Hirschel, Jintanat Ananworanich. (2009) HIV increases markers of cardiovascular risk: results from a randomized, treatment interruption trial. AIDS 23:8, 929-939
CrossRef219
Cindy H Brothers, Jaime E Hernandez, Amy G Cutrell, Lloyd Curtis, Mounir Ait-Khaled, Steve J Bowlin, Sara H Hughes, Jane M Yeo, Didier H Lapierre. (2009) Risk of Myocardial Infarction and Abacavir Therapy: No Increased Risk Across 52 GlaxoSmithKline-Sponsored Clinical Trials in Adult Subjects. JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 51:1, 20-28
CrossRef220
Michelle Floris-Moore, Zahi A Fayad, Joan W Berman, Venkatesh Mani, Ellie E Schoenbaum, Robert S Klein, Karen B Weinshelbaum, Valentin Fuster, Andrea A Howard, Yungtai Lo, Alison D Schecter. (2009) Association of HIV viral load with monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and atherosclerosis burden measured by magnetic resonance imaging. AIDS 23:8, 941-949
CrossRef221
Leonardo Calza, Daria Pocaterra, Michele Pavoni, Vincenzo Colangeli, Roberto Manfredi, Gabriella Verucchi, Francesco Chiodo, Marco Cantu, Milena Pariali. (2009) Plasma Levels of VCAM-1, ICAM-1, E-Selectin, and P-Selectin in 99 HIV-Positive Patients Versus 51 HIV-Negative Healthy Controls. JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 50:4, 430-432
CrossRef222
Giovanna Melica, Pierre Brugieres, Anne-Sophie Lascaux, Yves Levy, Jean-Daniel Lelièvre. (2009) Primary vasculitis of the central nervous system in patients infected with HIV-1 in the HAART era. Journal of Medical Virology 81:4, 578-581
CrossRef223
(2009) Timing of initiation of antiretroviral therapy in AIDS-free HIV-1-infected patients: a collaborative analysis of 18 HIV cohort studies. The Lancet 373:9672, 1352-1363
CrossRef224
Gautam Nayak, Michael Ferguson, David R. Tribble, Chad K. Porter, Robert Rapena, Marc Marchicelli, Catherine F. Decker. (2009) Cardiac Diastolic Dysfunction Is Prevalent in HIV-Infected Patients. AIDS Patient Care and STDs 23:4, 231-238
CrossRef225
Juan Pedro-Botet. (2009) Infección por el VIH, síndrome metabólico y riesgo cardiovascular. Clínica e Investigación en Arteriosclerosis 21:2, 68-70
CrossRef226
Nuria Virgili, Cesar Fisac, Esteban Martínez, Esteban Ribera, Josep Maria Gatell, Daniel Podzamczer. (2009) Proinflammatory Cytokine Changes in Clinically Stable, Virologically Suppressed, HIV-Infected Patients Switching From Protease Inhibitors to Abacavir. JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 50:5, 552-553
CrossRef227
Jean-Jacques Monsuez, Jean-Christophe Charniot, Lelia Escaut, Elina Teicher, Benjamin Wyplosz, Carine Couzigou, Noëlle Vignat, Daniel Vittecoq. (2009) HIV-associated vascular diseases: Structural and functional changes, clinical implications. International Journal of Cardiology 133:3, 293-306
CrossRef228
Marisa Gallego, Rosario Palacios, Daniel Salas, Ana Hidalgo, Francisco Orihuela, Juan Roldán, Mariela Grana, Julián Olalla, Alfonso del Arco, Juan de Dios Colmenero, Manuel Márquez, Jesús Santos. (2009) Prevalencia de factores de riesgo cardiovascular y de síndrome metabólico en una cohorte de pacientes con infección por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana del sur de España. Estudio PREGO. Clínica e Investigación en Arteriosclerosis 21:2, 62-67
CrossRef229
Stefano Rusconi. (2009) Tipranavir: a novel protease inhibitor for HIV therapy. Expert Review of Clinical Pharmacology 2:2, 147-153
CrossRef230
Judith A. Aberg. (2009) Lipid Management in Patients Who Have HIV and Are Receiving HIV Therapy. Endocrinology & Metabolism Clinics of North America 38:1, 207-222
CrossRef231
Matthew S. Freiberg, David A. Leaf, Joseph L. Goulet, Matthew B. Goetz, Krisann K. Oursler, Cynthia L. Gibert, Maria C. Rodriguez-Barradas, Adeel A. Butt, Amy C. Justice. (2009) The Association Between the Receipt of Lipid Lowering Therapy and HIV Status Among Veterans Who Met NCEP/ATP III Criteria for the Receipt of Lipid Lowering Medication. Journal of General Internal Medicine 24:3, 334-340
CrossRef232
Marco Floridia, Enrica Tamburrini, Gianfranco Anzidei, Cecilia Tibaldi, Giovanni Guaraldi, Brunella Guerra, Alessandra Meloni, Antonella Vimercati, Atim Molinari, Carmela Pinnetti, Serena Dalzero, Marina Ravizza. (2009) Plasma Lipid Profile in Pregnant Women with HIV Receiving Nevirapine. AIDS Patient Care and STDs 23:3, 147-152
CrossRef233
Giuseppe Barbaro, Gialuca Iacobellis. (2009) Metabolic syndrome associated with HIV and highly active antiretroviral therapy. Current Diabetes Reports 9:1, 37-42
CrossRef234
Giordano Madeddu, Giovanni Rezza, Maria Stella Mura. (2009) Trends in the European HIV/AIDS epidemic: a perspective from Italy. Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy 7:1, 25-36
CrossRef235
Marit G A van Vonderen, Yvo M Smulders, Coen D A Stehouwer, Sven A Danner, Chad M Gundy, Frieda Vos, Peter Reiss, Michiel A van Agtmael. (2009) Carotid Intima-Media Thickness and Arterial Stiffness in HIV-Infected Patients: The Role of HIV, Antiretroviral Therapy, and Lipodystrophy. JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 50:2, 153-161
CrossRef236
A. TUINENBURG, E. P. MAUSER-BUNSCHOTEN, M. C. VERHAAR, D. H. BIESMA, R. E. G. SCHUTGENS. (2009) Cardiovascular disease in patients with hemophilia. Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis 7:2, 247-254
CrossRef237
Esteban Martínez, María Larrousse, José M Gatell. (2009) Cardiovascular disease and HIV infection: host, virus, or drugs?. Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases 22:1, 28-34
CrossRef238
Katherine Samaras. (2009) HIV, insulin resistance and cardiovascular disease. Current Cardiovascular Risk Reports 3:1, 59-64
CrossRef239
Joseph Cofrancesco, Eric Freedland, Grace McComsey. (2009) Treatment Options for HIV-Associated Central Fat Accumulation. AIDS Patient Care and STDs 23:1, 5-18
CrossRef240
Kate Buchacz, Maria Rangel, Rachel Blacher, John T. Brooks. (2009) Changes in the clinical epidemiology of HIV infection in the United States: Implications for the clinician. Current Infectious Disease Reports 11:1, 75-83
CrossRef241
Robert G. Micheletti, Gregory A. Fishbein, Michael C. Fishbein, Elyse J. Singer, Robert E. Weiss, Robin A. Jeffries, Judith S. Currier. (2009) Coronary atherosclerotic lesions in human immunodeficiency virus–infected patients: a histopathologic study. Cardiovascular Pathology 18:1, 28-36
CrossRef242
Cynthia L Gibert, Judith C Shlay, Shweta Sharma, Glenn Bartsch, Grace Peng, Carl Grunfeld. (2009) Racial Differences in Changes of Metabolic Parameters and Body Composition in Antiretroviral Therapy-Naive Persons Initiating Antiretroviral Therapy. JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 50:1, 44-53
CrossRef243
G. DOLAN, C. HERMANS, R. KLAMROTH, R. MADHOK, R. E. G. SCHUTGENS, U. SPENGLER. (2009) Challenges and controversies in haemophilia care in adulthood. Haemophilia 15, 20-27
CrossRef244
John M. Murray, Ann M. McDonald, Matthew G. Law. (2009) Rapidly ageing HIV epidemic among men who have sex with men in Australia. Sexual Health 6:1, 83
CrossRef245
V. Balabaud, J.-L. Pourriat. (2009) Anestesia del paziente sieropositivo. EMC - Anestesia-Rianimazione 14:3, 1-17
CrossRef246
Judith A Aberg. (2009) Cardiovascular Complications in HIV Management: Past, Present, and Future. JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 50:1, 54-64
CrossRef247
Délio Marques Conde, Emanuela T. Silva, Waldemar N. Amaral, Marta F. Finotti, Rui G. Ferreira, Lúcia Costa-Paiva, Aarão M. Pinto-Neto. (2009) HIV, reproductive aging, and health implications in women. Menopause 16:1, 199-213
CrossRef248
Anne Maagaard, Dag Kvale. (2009) Long term adverse effects related to nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors: Clinical impact of mitochondrial toxicity. Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases 41:11-12, 808-817
CrossRef249
Mpiko Ntsekhe, Bongani M Mayosi. (2008) Cardiac manifestations of HIV infection: an African perspective. Nature Clinical Practice Cardiovascular Medicine 6:2, 120-127
CrossRef250
C. Vellozzi, J. T. Brooks, T. J. Bush, L. J. Conley, K. Henry, C. C. J. Carpenter, E. T. Overton, J. Hammer, K. Wood, S. D. Holmberg, . (2008) The Study to Understand the Natural History of HIV and AIDS in the Era of Effective Therapy (SUN Study). American Journal of Epidemiology 169:5, 642-652
CrossRef251
James H. Stein, Lauren Komarow, Bruno R. Cotter, Judith S. Currier, Michael P. Dubé, Carl J. Fichtenbaum, Mariana Gerschenson, Carol K.C. Mitchell, Robert L. Murphy, Kathleen Squires, Robert A. Parker, Francesca J. Torriani. (2008) Lipoprotein changes in HIV-infected antiretroviral-naïve individuals after starting antiretroviral therapy: ACTG Study A5152s. Journal of Clinical Lipidology 2:6, 464-471
CrossRef252
Daniel J Skiest, Amy Krambrink, Zhaohui Su, Kevin R Robertson, David M Margolis. (2008) Improved Measures of Quality of Life, Lipid Profile, and Lipoatrophy After Treatment Interruption in HIV-Infected Patients With Immune Preservation: Results of ACTG 5170. JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 49:4, 377-383
CrossRef253
Antonio Antela López. (2008) Utilidad de atazanavir en poblaciones especiales. Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología Clínica 26, 49-54
CrossRef254
Esteban Martínez Chamorro. (2008) Perfil lipídico de atazanavir. Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología Clínica 26, 34-40
CrossRef255
Ole S. Sogaard, Nicolai Lohse, Jan Gerstoft, Gitte Kronborg, Lars Ostergaard, Court Pedersen, Gitte Pedersen, Henrik Toft Sørensen, Niels Obel. (2008) Hospitalization for Pneumonia among Individuals With and Without HIV Infection, 1995–2007: A Danish Population‐Based, Nationwide Cohort Study. Clinical Infectious Diseases 47:10, 1345-1353
CrossRef256
Andrew Carr, Armin Ritzhaupt, Wei Zhang, Roberto Zajdenverg, Cassy Workman, Jose M Gatell, Pedro Cahn, Ricardo Chaves. (2008) Effects of boosted tipranavir and lopinavir on body composition, insulin sensitivity and adipocytokines in antiretroviral-naive adults. AIDS 22:17, 2313-2321
CrossRef257
Lance O. Bauer. (2008) Psychiatric and neurophysiological predictors of obesity in HIV/AIDS. Psychophysiology 45:6, 1055-1063
CrossRef258
Anne-Mette Lebech, Ulrik Sloth Kristoffersen, Niels Wiinberg, Kristian Kofoed, Ove Andersen, Birger Hesse, Claus Leth Petersen, Jan Gerstoft, Andreas Kjær. (2008) Coronary and peripheral endothelial function in HIV patients studied with positron emission tomography and flow-mediated dilation: relation to hypercholesterolemia. European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging 35:11, 2049-2058
CrossRef259
Richard D. Moore, Kelly A. Gebo, Gregory M. Lucas, Jeanne C. Keruly. (2008) Rate of Comorbidities Not Related to HIV Infection or AIDS among HIV‐Infected Patients, by CD4 Cell Count and HAART Use Status. Clinical Infectious Diseases 47:8, 1102-1104
CrossRef260
David A. Wohl, David Waters, Ross J. Simpson, Susan Richard, Amanda Schnell, Sonia Napravnik, Jessica Keys, J. Joseph Eron, Priscilla Hsue. (2008) Ezetimibe Alone Reduces Low‐Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol in HIV‐Infected Patients Receiving Combination Antiretroviral Therapy. Clinical Infectious Diseases 47:8, 1105-1108
CrossRef261
Nancy F. Crum-Cianflone, Jhamillia Weekes, Mary Bavaro. (2008) Review: Thromboses among HIV-Infected Patients during the Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy Era. AIDS Patient Care and STDs 22:10, 771-778
CrossRef262
Bryan Lau, Stephen R. Cole, Richard D. Moore, Stephen J. Gange. (2008) Evaluating competing adverse and beneficial outcomes using a mixture model. Statistics in Medicine 27:21, 4313-4327
CrossRef263
Chotikorn Khunnawat, Siddharth Mukerji, Daniel Havlichek, Rabih Touma, George S. Abela. (2008) Cardiovascular Manifestations in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Patients. The American Journal of Cardiology 102:5, 635-642
CrossRef264
Franck Boccara. (2008) Cardiovascular complications and atherosclerotic manifestations in the HIV-infected population: type, incidence and associated risk factors. AIDS 22:Suppl 3, S19-S26
CrossRef265
Arvind Venkat, David M. Piontkowsky, Robert R. Cooney, Adarsh K. Srivastava, Gregory A. Suares, Cory P. Heidelberger. (2008) Care of the HIV-Positive Patient in the Emergency Department in the Era of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy. Annals of Emergency Medicine 52:3, 274-285
CrossRef266
Donald P Kotler. (2008) HIV and Antiretroviral Therapy: Lipid Abnormalities and Associated Cardiovascular Risk in HIV-Infected Patients. JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 49:Supplement 2, S79-S85
CrossRef267
Robert Beaglehole, JoAnne Epping-Jordan, Vikram Patel, Mickey Chopra, Shah Ebrahim, Michael Kidd, Andy Haines. (2008) Improving the prevention and management of chronic disease in low-income and middle-income countries: a priority for primary health care. The Lancet 372:9642, 940-949
CrossRef268
(2008) Use of nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors and risk of myocardial infarction in HIV-infected patients. AIDS 22:14, F17-F24
CrossRef269
Michael P. Dubé, Changyu Shen, Martha Greenwald, Kieren J. Mather. (2008) No Impairment of Endothelial Function or Insulin Sensitivity with 4 Weeks of the HIV Protease Inhibitors Atazanavir or Lopinavir‐Ritonavir in Healthy Subjects without HIV Infection: A Placebo‐Controlled Trial. Clinical Infectious Diseases 47:4, 567-574
CrossRef270
Carl Grunfeld. (2008) Editorial Commentary: Understanding the Complications of Antiretroviral Drugs. Clinical Infectious Diseases 47:4, 575-576
CrossRef271
Francesca J. Torriani, Lauren Komarow, Robert A. Parker, Bruno R. Cotter, Judith S. Currier, Michael P. Dubé, Carl J. Fichtenbaum, Mariana Gerschenson, Carol K.C. Mitchell, Robert L. Murphy, Kathleen Squires, James H. Stein. (2008) Endothelial Function in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Antiretroviral-Naive Subjects Before and After Starting Potent Antiretroviral Therapy. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 52:7, 569-576
CrossRef272
Jean-Michel Molina, Jaime Andrade-Villanueva, Juan Echevarria, Ploenchan Chetchotisakd, Jorge Corral, Neal David, Graeme Moyle, Marco Mancini, Lisa Percival, Rong Yang, Alexandra Thiry, Donnie McGrath. (2008) Once-daily atazanavir/ritonavir versus twice-daily lopinavir/ritonavir, each in combination with tenofovir and emtricitabine, for management of antiretroviral-naive HIV-1-infected patients: 48 week efficacy and safety results of the CASTLE study. The Lancet 372:9639, 646-655
CrossRef273
Lawrence A Kingsley, Juliana Cuervo-Rojas, Alvaro Muñoz, Frank J Palella, Wendy Post, Mallory D Witt, Matthew Budoff, Lewis Kuller. (2008) Subclinical coronary atherosclerosis, HIV infection and antiretroviral therapy: Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. AIDS 22:13, 1589-1599
CrossRef274
Robert C Kaplan, Lawrence A Kingsley, Stephen J Gange, Lorie Benning, Lisa P Jacobson, Jason Lazar, Kathryn Anastos, Phyllis C Tien, A Richey Sharrett, Howard N Hodis. (2008) Low CD4+ T-cell count as a major atherosclerosis risk factor in HIV-infected women and men. AIDS 22:13, 1615-1624
CrossRef275
Rosario Palacios, Inmaculada Alonso, Ana Hidalgo, Isabel Aguilar, Miguel A. Sánchez, Pedro Valdivielso, Pedro González-Santos, Jesús Santos. (2008) Peripheral Arterial Disease in HIV Patients Older than 50 Years of Age. AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses 24:8, 1043-1046
CrossRef276
Charlotte Lewden, Thierry May, Eric Rosenthal, Christine Burty, Fabrice Bonnet, Dominique Costagliola, Eric Jougla, Caroline Semaille, Philippe Morlat, Dominique Salmon, Patrice Cacoub, Geneviève Chêne. (2008) Changes in Causes of Death Among Adults Infected by HIV Between 2000 and 2005: The “Mortalité 2000 and 2005” Surveys (ANRS EN19 and Mortavic). JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 48:5, 590-598
CrossRef277
Robert Murphy, Dominique Costagliola. (2008) Increased cardiovascular risk in HIV infection: drugs, virus and immunity. AIDS 22:13, 1625-1627
CrossRef278
Kavita P. Bhavan, Vinay N. Kampalath, Edgar Turner Overton. (2008) The aging of the HIV epidemic. Current HIV/AIDS Reports 5:3, 150-158
CrossRef279
S. Badiou, R. Thiebaut, V. Aurillac-Lavignolle, F. Dabis, F. Laporte, J.P. Cristol, P. Mercie. (2008) Association of non-HDL cholesterol with subclinical atherosclerosis in HIV-positive patients. Journal of Infection 57:1, 47-54
CrossRef280
Honor Rose, Jennifer Hoy, Ian Woolley, Urbain Tchoua, Michael Bukrinsky, Anthony Dart, Dmitri Sviridov. (2008) HIV infection and high density lipoprotein metabolism. Atherosclerosis 199:1, 79-86
CrossRef281
Giuseppe Vittorio L. De Socio, Giustino Parruti, Tiziana Quirino, Elena Ricci, Giuseppe Schillaci, Beatrice Adriani, Patrizia Marconi, Marzia Franzetti, Canio Martinelli, Francesca Vichi, Giovanni Penco, Claudio Sfara, Giordano Madeddu, Paolo Bonfanti. (2008) Identifying HIV patients with an unfavorable cardiovascular risk profile in the clinical practice: Results from the SIMONE study. Journal of Infection 57:1, 33-40
CrossRef282
Leonardo Calza, Roberto Manfredi, Daria Pocaterra, Francesco Chiodo. (2008) Risk of premature atherosclerosis and ischemic heart disease associated with HIV infection and antiretroviral therapy. Journal of Infection 57:1, 16-32
CrossRef283
Marianne Harris. (2008) Nephrotoxicity associated with antiretroviral therapy in HIV-infected patients. Expert Opinion on Drug Safety 7:4, 389-400
CrossRef284
Ove Andersen, Jesper Eugen-Olsen, Kristian Kofoed, Johan Iversen, Steen B. Haugaard. (2008) suPAR associates to glucose metabolic aberration during glucose stimulation in HIV-infected patients on HAART. Journal of Infection 57:1, 55-63
CrossRef285
Albert M. L. Anderson, Jeffrey L. Lennox. (2008) Antiretroviral therapy: When to start and which drugs to use. Current Infectious Disease Reports 10:4, 332-339
CrossRef286
Anita P Rahman, Susan A Eaton, Sean T Nguyen, Amy M Bain, Kenna D Payne, Roger Bedimo, Anthony J Busti. (2008) Safety and Efficacy of Simvastatin for the Treatment of Dyslipidemia in Human Immunodeficiency Virus–Infected Patients Receiving Efavirenz-Based Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy. Pharmacotherapy 28:7, 913-919
CrossRef287
R. A. Bradbury, K. Samaras. (2008) Antiretroviral therapy and the human immunodeficiency virus – improved survival but at what cost?. Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism 10:6, 441-450
CrossRef288
Joaquín Portilla. (2008) Tenofovir como estrategia para evitar o detener efectos adversos. Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología Clínica 26, 19-24
CrossRef289
Graeme Moyle, Jose Gatell, Carlo-Federico Perno, Winai Ratanasuwan, Mauro Schechter, Christos Tsoukas. (2008) Potential for New Antiretrovirals to Address Unmet Needs in the Management of HIV-1 Infection. AIDS Patient Care and STDs 22:6, 459-471
CrossRef290
Mary van den Berg-Wolf, Olga M. Klibanov, John P. Gaughan, Ellen M. Tedaldi. (2008) Ezetimibe Combined with Low-Dose Statin Effectively Lowers LDL in Protease Inhibitor Treated Patients. AIDS Patient Care and STDs 22:6, 483-488
CrossRef291
Carlos Tornero Estébanez, Alicia Santamaría Martín, Eva Gil Tomás, Consuelo Lapuebla Ferri. (2008) Índices de riesgo cardiovascular en pacientes con infección por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana en tratamiento antirretroviral efectivo. Medicina Clínica 130:20, 797
CrossRef292
José Antonio Iribarren Loyarte. (2008) Aplicabilidad de los estudios farmacogenéticos en la práctica clínica. Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología Clínica 26, 45-54
CrossRef293
Caroline A Sabin, Signe W Worm. (2008) Conventional cardiovascular risk factors in HIV infection: how conventional are they?. Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS 3:3, 214-219
CrossRef294
Andrew Carr. (2008) Pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease in HIV infection. Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS 3:3, 234-239
CrossRef295
Nina Friis-Møller, Marek Smieja, Daniel Klein. (2008) Antiretroviral therapy as a cardiovascular disease risk factor: fact or fiction? A review of clinical and surrogate outcome studies. Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS 3:3, 220-225
CrossRef296
M. Guiguet, M. Mary-Krause, B. Ename, D. Costagliola, S. Grabar. (2008) Influence of control selection in nested case-control studies: the example of exposure to antiretroviral treatment (ART) and the risk of myocardial infarction (MI) in the French Hospital Database on HIV (FHDH-ANRS CO4). Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety 17:5, 468-474
CrossRef297
David Burger, Erik Stroes, Peter Reiss. (2008) Drug interactions between statins and antiretroviral agents. Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS 3:3, 247-251
CrossRef298
Erdembileg Anuurad, Asha Thomas-Geevarghese, Sridevi Devaraj, Jeanine Albu, Robert Minolfo, Wafaa M. El-Sadr, Guijing Lu, Wahida Karmally, Lars Berglund. (2008) Increased lipoprotein remnant cholesterol levels in HIV-positive patients during antiretroviral therapy. Atherosclerosis 198:1, 192-197
CrossRef299
Benjamin J Eckhardt, Marshall J Glesby. (2008) Antiretroviral therapy and cardiovascular risk: are some medications cardioprotective?. Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS 3:3, 226-233
CrossRef300
M. del Mar Gutiérrez Maciá, M. Gracia Mateo García, Francesc Vidal Marsal, Pere Domingo Pedrol. (2008) Toxicogenética del tratamiento antirretroviral (I): lipodistrofia, alteraciones metabólicas y arteriosclerosis. Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología Clínica 26, 18-23
CrossRef301
James H. Willig, David A. Jackson, Andrew O. Westfall, Jeroan Allison, Pei‐Wen Chang, James Raper, Michael S. Saag, Michael J. Mugavero. (2008) Clinical Inertia in the Management of Low‐Density Lipoprotein Abnormalities in an HIV Clinic. Clinical Infectious Diseases 46:8, 1315-1318
CrossRef302
(2008) Major Clinical Outcomes in Antiretroviral Therapy (ART)–Naive Participants and in Those Not Receiving ART at Baseline in the SMART Study. The Journal of Infectious Diseases 197:8, 1133-1144
CrossRef303
(2008) Use of nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors and risk of myocardial infarction in HIV-infected patients enrolled in the D:A:D study: a multi-cohort collaboration. The Lancet 371:9622, 1417-1426
CrossRef304
James H Stein, Judith S Currier. (2008) Risk of myocardial infarction and nucleoside analogues. The Lancet 371:9622, 1391-1392
CrossRef305
EVAN WOOD, JULIO S. G. MONTANER. (2008) [Commentary] ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY: A KEY PART OF THE PUBLIC HEALTH RESPONSE TO INJECTION DRUG USE. Addiction 103:4, 660-661
CrossRef306
Jason V Baker, Grace Peng, Joshua Rapkin, Donald I Abrams, Michael J Silverberg, Rodger D MacArthur, Winston P Cavert, W Keith Henry, James D Neaton. (2008) CD4+ count and risk of non-AIDS diseases following initial treatment for HIV infection. AIDS 22:7, 841-848
CrossRef307
(2008) Changes Over Time in Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease and Use of Lipid‐Lowering Drugs in HIV‐Infected Individuals and Impact on Myocardial Infarction. Clinical Infectious Diseases 46:7, 1101-1110
CrossRef308
MT Bennett, KW Johns, GP Bondy. (2008) Current and future treatments of HIV-associated dyslipidemia. Future Lipidology 3:2, 175-188
CrossRef309
Kristin E Mondy, Lisa de las Fuentes, Alan Waggoner, Nur F Önen, Coco S Bopp, Sherry Lassa-Claxton, William G Powderly, Victor Dávila-Román, Kevin E Yarasheski. (2008) Insulin resistance predicts endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular risk in HIV-infected persons on long-term highly active antiretroviral therapy. AIDS 22:7, 849-856
CrossRef310
M Colafigli, S Di Giambenedetto, L Bracciale, E Tamburrini, R Cauda, A De Luca. (2008) Cardiovascular risk score change in HIV-1-infected patients switched to an atazanavir-based combination antiretroviral regimen. HIV Medicine 9:3, 172-179
CrossRef311
Dominic N. Reeds. (2008) Metabolic Syndrome Risks of Cardiovascular Disease: Differences Between HIV-Positive and HIV-Negative?. Journal of the CardioMetabolic Syndrome 3:2, 79-82
CrossRef312
Samuel A Bozzette, Christopher F Ake, Henry K Tam, Alba Phippard, David Cohen, Daniel O Scharfstein, Thomas A Louis. (2008) Long-Term Survival and Serious Cardiovascular Events in HIV-Infected Patients Treated With Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy. JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 47:3, 338-341
CrossRef313
W. Todd Cade. (2008) Left Ventricular Dysfunction in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection. Journal of the CardioMetabolic Syndrome 3:2, 83-87
CrossRef314
D. Periard, M. Cavassini, P. Taffe, M. Chevalley, L. Senn, C. Chapuis-Taillard, S. de Valliere, D. Hayoz, P. E. Tarr, . (2008) High Prevalence of Peripheral Arterial Disease in HIV-Infected Persons. Clinical Infectious Diseases 46:5, 761-767
CrossRef315
James D Neaton, Birgit Grund. (2008) Earlier initiation of antiretroviral therapy in treatment-na??ve patients: implications of results of treatment interruption trials. Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS 3:2, 112-117
CrossRef316
Kristin E. Mondy. (2008) Determinants of Endothelial Function in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection: A Complex Interplay Among Therapy, Disease, and Host Factors. Journal of the CardioMetabolic Syndrome 3:2, 88-92
CrossRef317
W. Todd Cade, Kevin E. Yarasheski. (2008) Cardiometabolic Disease in the Human Immunodeficiency Virus: The Tip of the Iceberg?. Journal of the CardioMetabolic Syndrome 3:2, 77-78
CrossRef318
Erin Madden, Grace Lee, Donald P Kotler, Christine Wanke, Cora E Lewis, Russell Tracy, Steven Heymsfield, Michael G Shlipak, Peter Bacchetti, Rebecca Scherzer, Carl Grunfeld. (2008) Association of antiretroviral therapy with fibrinogen levels in HIV-infection. AIDS 22:6, 707-715
CrossRef319
S. Lai, E. K. Fishman, H. Lai, R. Moore, J. Cofrancesco, H. Pannu, W. Tong, J. Du, J. Bartlett. (2008) Long-Term Cocaine Use and Antiretroviral Therapy Are Associated with Silent Coronary Artery Disease in African Americans with HIV Infection Who Have No Cardiovascular Symptoms. Clinical Infectious Diseases 46:4, 600-610
CrossRef320
JD Lundgren, M Battegay, G Behrens, S De Wit, G Guaraldi, C Katlama, E Martinez, D Nair, WG Powderly, P Reiss, J Sutinen, A Vigano, . (2008) European AIDS Clinical Society (EACS) guidelines on the prevention and management of metabolic diseases in HIV. HIV Medicine 9:2, 72-81
CrossRef321
Elizabeth J Phillips, Simon A Mallal. (2008) Pharmacogenetics and the potential for the individualization of antiretroviral therapy. Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases 21:1, 16-24
CrossRef322
Edward Stenehjem, Judith C Shlay. (2008) Sex-specific differences in treatment outcomes for patients with HIV and AIDS. Expert Review of Pharmacoeconomics & Outcomes Research 8:1, 51-63
CrossRef323
J. A. Perez-Molina, P. Domingo, E. Martinez, S. Moreno. (2008) The role of efavirenz compared with protease inhibitors in the body fat changes associated with highly active antiretroviral therapy. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 62:2, 234-245
CrossRef324
Vivian Pao, Grace A. Lee, Carl Grunfeld. (2008) HIV therapy, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular risk. Current Atherosclerosis Reports 10:1, 61-70
CrossRef325
Andrew Carr, Birgit Grund, Jacqueline Neuhaus, Wafaa M El-Sadr, Gregory Grandits, Cynthia Gibert, Ronald J Prineas. (2008) Asymptomatic myocardial ischaemia in HIV-infected adults. AIDS 22:2, 257-267
CrossRef326
Georg MN Behrens. (2008) Treatment options for lipodystrophy in HIV-positive patients. Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy 9:1, 39-52
CrossRef327
Caroline A Sabin. (2008) Cardiovascular risk and choice of HIV drug regimen. Future HIV Therapy 2:1, 83-92
CrossRef328
Ana Cristina O. Andrade, Ana Marice Ladeia, Eduardo M. Netto, Amanda Mascarenhas, Bruno Cotter, Constance A. Benson, Roberto Badaró. (2008) Cross-Sectional Study of Endothelial Function in HIV-Infected Patients in Brazil. AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses 24:1, 27-33
CrossRef329
B.H. Thiers. (2008) Class of Antiretroviral Drugs and the Risk of Myocardial Infarction. Yearbook of Dermatology and Dermatologic Surgery 2008, 172-173
CrossRef330
Falutz, Julian, Allas, Soraya, Blot, Koenraad, Potvin, Diane, Kotler, Donald, Somero, Michael, Berger, Daniel, Brown, Stephen, Richmond, Gary, Fessel, Jeffrey, Turner, Ralph, Grinspoon, Steven, . (2007) Metabolic Effects of a Growth Hormone–Releasing Factor in Patients with HIV. New England Journal of Medicine 357:23, 2359-2370
Full Text331
Jisun Oh, Robert A Hegele. (2007) HIV-associated dyslipidaemia: pathogenesis and treatment. The Lancet Infectious Diseases 7:12, 787-796
CrossRef332
Charles Flexner. (2007) HIV drug development: the next 25 years. Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 6:12, 959-966
CrossRef333
Erik De Clercq. (2007) The design of drugs for HIV and HCV. Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 6:12, 1001-1018
CrossRef334
Mansoor M Amiji, Jintanat Ananworanich, Elise Arrivé, Nicolas Sluis-Cremer, Alessandra Viganò. (2007) Macrophage-targeted nanocarriers for anti-HIV therapy. Therapy 4:6, 715-719
CrossRef335
Claudio M. Mastroianni, Grazia M. Liuzzi. (2007) Matrix metalloproteinase dysregulation in HIV infection: implications for therapeutic strategies. Trends in Molecular Medicine 13:11, 449-459
CrossRef336
(2007) Current awareness: Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety. Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety 16:11, i-xii
CrossRef337
N. Friis-Moller, S. W. Worm. (2007) Can the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease in HIV-Infected Patients Be Estimated from Conventional Risk Prediction Tools?. Clinical Infectious Diseases 45:8, 1082-1084
CrossRef338
R. C. Kaplan, L. A. Kingsley, A. R. Sharrett, X. Li, J. Lazar, P. C. Tien, W. J. Mack, M. H. Cohen, L. Jacobson, S. J. Gange. (2007) Ten-Year Predicted Coronary Heart Disease Risk in HIV-Infected Men and Women. Clinical Infectious Diseases 45:8, 1074-1081
CrossRef339
P. A. G. Klaver’s-Hertogenbosch. (2007) Klasse van antivirale geneesmiddelen en de kans op myocardinfarct. MFM 45:10, 297-298
CrossRef340
(2007) Antiretroviral Drugs and the Risk of Myocardial Infarction. New England Journal of Medicine 357:7, 715-717
Full Text341
Mar Masiá, Sergio Padilla, Enrique Bernal, Maria V. Almenar, Juan Molina, Ildefonso Hernández, Mafia L. Graells, Félix Gutiérrez. (2007) Influence of Antiretroviral Therapy on Oxidative Stress and Cardiovascular Risk: A Prospective Cross-Sectional Study in HIV-Infected Patients. Clinical Therapeutics 29:7, 1448-1455
CrossRef342
N. Obel, H. F. Thomsen, G. Kronborg, C. S. Larsen, P. R. Hildebrandt, H. T. Sorensen, J. Gerstoft. (2007) Ischemic Heart Disease in HIV-Infected and HIV-Uninfected Individuals: A Population-Based Cohort Study. Clinical Infectious Diseases 44:12, 1625-1631
CrossRef343
Stein, James H., . (2007) Cardiovascular Risks of Antiretroviral Therapy. New England Journal of Medicine 356:17, 1773-1775
Full Text344
Hughes, Michael D., Williams, Paige L., . (2007) Challenges in Using Observational Studies to Evaluate Adverse Effects of Treatment. New England Journal of Medicine 356:17, 1705-1707
Full Text
- Letters
