Original Article
Celecoxib for the Prevention of Colorectal Adenomatous Polyps
N Engl J Med 2006; 355:885-895August 31, 2006
- Abstract
Background
Overexpression of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) has been associated with colorectal adenomatous polyps and cancer, prompting researchers to propose its inhibition as a chemopreventive intervention.
Methods
The Prevention of Colorectal Sporadic Adenomatous Polyps trial was a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study of the COX-2 inhibitor celecoxib given daily in a single 400-mg dose. At 107 centers in 32 countries, we randomly assigned 1561 subjects who had had adenomas removed before enrollment to receive celecoxib (933 subjects) or placebo (628 subjects) daily, after stratification according to the use or nonuse of low-dose aspirin. The primary outcome was detection of adenomas at either year 1 or year 3 by colonoscopy and was compared among the groups with the use of the Mantel–Cox test.
Results
Colonoscopies were performed at year 1 on 88.7 percent of the subjects who had undergone randomization and at year 3 on 79.2 percent. Of the 557 subjects in the placebo group and the 840 subjects in the celecoxib group who were included in the efficacy analysis, 264 and 270, respectively, were found to have at least one adenoma at year 1, at year 3, or both. The cumulative rate of adenomas detected through year 3 was 33.6 percent in the celecoxib group and 49.3 percent in the placebo group (relative risk, 0.64; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.56 to 0.75; P<0.001). The cumulative rate of advanced adenomas detected through year 3 was 5.3 percent in the celecoxib group and 10.4 percent in the placebo group (relative risk, 0.49; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.33 to 0.73; P<0.001). Adjudicated serious cardiovascular events occurred in 2.5 percent of subjects in the celecoxib group and 1.9 percent of those in the placebo group (relative risk, 1.30; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.65 to 2.62).
Conclusions
The use of 400 mg of celecoxib once daily significantly reduced the occurrence of colorectal adenomas within three years after polypectomy. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00141193.)
Media in This Article
Figure 1
Enrollment and Disposition of Subjects.Table 1
Baseline Characteristics of the Subjects.Article Activity
- Article
Colorectal cancer, the second most prevalent cancer in the developed world and the third most prevalent in developing nations,1 is responsible worldwide for more than a million new cases of cancer and half a million deaths annually.2 Recent annual reductions of 1.8 percent in the incidence in the United States are credited, in part, to increased screening and the removal of adenomatous polyps (adenomas).3 Most cases of colorectal cancer are preceded by adenomas, which are characterized by an early accumulation of gene mutations.4
The regression and prevention of adenomas have become primary aims of investigators, who have used nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), including aspirin, to reduce the incidence and recurrence of adenomas.5-7 Since being identified as distinct from the ubiquitous cyclooxygenase (COX) 1 isoform,8 COX-2 has been shown to be overexpressed in colorectal cancers and adenomas in humans9,10 and was demonstrated in knockout mice to be a controlling factor in the formation of adenomas.11 Researchers have therefore sought to assess the effects of such selective COX-2 inhibitors as celecoxib on the formation of adenomas in hopes that these agents could overcome the gastrointestinal adverse events of nonselective NSAIDs that placed limits on effective therapy.
Three international, multicenter studies of the use of COX-2 inhibitors to prevent sporadic adenomas, including the present study, were launched in 1999 and 2000.12,13 The randomized Adenoma Prevention with Celecoxib (APC) trial included 2035 patients in a study of two twice-daily doses of celecoxib, and the randomized Adenomatous Polyp Prevention on Vioxx (APPROVe) trial included 2586 patients in a study of rofecoxib. We undertook a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study of 400 mg of celecoxib once daily in subjects who had undergone colonoscopy and polypectomy at baseline.
Methods
Study Design
We performed this randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study of three years of treatment with a once-daily dose of 400 mg of celecoxib (Celebrex, Pfizer). With guidance from the steering committee, the investigators developed the study protocol, which was approved by central and local ethics committees and overseen by an independent data and safety monitoring board. Investigators and an independent organization (Covance, Princeton, N.J.) collected data, Pfizer maintained the database, and a team consisting of both Pfizer and independent statisticians conducted the analyses. The cardiovascular safety committee independently reviewed and adjudicated all serious adverse events and performed an independent analysis. The authors vouch for the completeness and veracity of the data and data analyses.
Within three months before enrollment, all subjects had undergone a colonoscopy, documented to the cecum, in which all polyps that were found were removed. Enrolled patients, all of whom had had adenomas detected and removed, received placebo during a single-blind, one-month run-in period. When the period ended, eligible subjects were stratified according to country and to the use or nonuse of low-dose aspirin, and then they were randomly assigned in a 3:2 ratio by an interactive voice-response system to receive 400 mg of celecoxib or placebo once daily. Colonoscopies were performed 12 months (year 1) and 36 months (year 3) after randomization. The investigators completed enrollment in one year (from March 2001 to March 2002) and performed the last colonoscopy in May 2005. Meetings of investigators before enrollment and site inspections for quality control during the trial were designed to promote uniform practice and quality assurance.
Safety evaluations during the study included physical examinations and clinical laboratory tests during the run-in period and at one and three years after enrollment. After they underwent randomization, subjects made return visits at 3, 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, and 37 months for assessment of pill counts, as well as for reporting of concomitant medications and adverse events (which were also gauged during bimonthly telephone assessments). Safety data were reviewed every six months by the independent data and safety monitoring board, for whom an independent statistician issued unblinded reports for review. After reports in September 2004 of increased cardiovascular risk with the use of rofecoxib, the steering committee for the Prevention of Colorectal Sporadic Adenomatous Polyps (PreSAP) trial requested that an independent cardiovascular safety committee perform an analysis of cardiovascular events. Results from this analysis in December 2004 showed no significant increase in cardiovascular risk14; however, an increase detected in a similar, concurrent analysis of the APC trial by the same cardiovascular safety committee led to suspension of the administration of the study drug in the PreSAP trial on December 17, 2004.13
Study Population
We enrolled 1738 subjects at 107 centers in 32 countries on six continents. Before study participation, all subjects provided written informed consent. Eligible subjects were 30 years of age or older and had undergone colonoscopy within three months before enrollment that showed either 1 adenoma that was at least 6 mm or 2 to 10 adenomas of any size. Inclusion criteria required photographic documentation that the cecum was reached, the colon was clean, and the adenomas that were removed were of the size charted. Subjects had to show 80 percent adherence to the 1-month run-in placebo medication and had to be willing to abstain from long-term use (defined as use for more than 21 days throughout the year) of all NSAIDs, including COX-2 inhibitors other than the blinded study drug but excluding cardioprotective doses of oral aspirin (≤162.5 mg daily or ≤325 mg every other day). Subjects were ineligible if they had a history of familial adenomatous polyposis, hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer, inflammatory bowel disease, or invasive cancer within five years before enrollment. Also ineligible were subjects with renal, hepatic, or bleeding disorders; subjects hypersensitive to COX-2 inhibitors, NSAIDs, salicylates, or sulfonamides; subjects who had undergone large-bowel resection (excluding appendectomy); and subjects who had used NSAIDs, excluding cardioprotective doses of aspirin, three or more times a week within the 60 days before randomization.
Study End Points
The primary efficacy end point was detection by colonoscopy of at least one colorectal adenoma at year 1, at year 3, or both. All polyps removed during colonoscopies were submitted to local and central pathology laboratories for blinded review. An adjudicator resolved discrepancies in a blinded fashion.
Secondary efficacy end points one year and three years after enrollment included the number of colorectal adenomas, the size of the largest ones measured, and the total adenoma burden (the sum of the diameters of all the adenomas) over the three-year period. In addition, for consistency with the APC trial, end points included detection of advanced adenoma with any of the following characteristics: size of at least 1.0 cm according to measurements obtained endoscopically, villous or tubulovillous histologic features, high-grade dysplasia, intramucosal carcinoma, or invasive cancer.
Safety end points were based on investigator-reported adverse events, serious adverse events, laboratory measurements, and physical examinations. Adverse events were coded according to criteria from the Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities (MedDRA), version 8.1. Adjudicated cardiovascular end points were categorized as previously described.15
Statistical Analysis
The trial required 1500 subjects (900 in the celecoxib group and 600 in the placebo group) to ensure 90 percent power to detect at least a 35 percent relative reduction in the formation of adenomas in the celecoxib group as compared with the placebo group, assuming that 36 percent of subjects in the placebo group who were taking low-dose aspirin and 42 percent of subjects in the placebo group who were not taking low-dose aspirin would have newly detected adenomas at year 1, at year 3, or both. It was anticipated that 35 percent of the subjects would be taking low-dose aspirin. The sample size further allowed for subjects to withdraw from the study and assumed a two-sided type I statistical error of 0.05.
Efficacy analyses included all subjects who had undergone randomization. The effect of celecoxib in reducing the proportion of subjects in whom adenomas were detected at year 1, at year 3, or both was estimated with the use of the Mantel–Cox test, a life-table extension of the Mantel–Haenszel test,16-18 with stratification for the use or nonuse of aspirin. The method for calculating relative risk was described by Kleinbaum et al.19 Subjects considered at risk at year 1 included those who underwent colonoscopy at year 1, as well as those who underwent colonoscopy only at year 3 and who were classified as having had no adenomas detected at year 1. Subjects considered at risk at year 3 were those who had undergone colonoscopy at year 3 and in whom no adenomas were identified before year 3. The occurrence of advanced adenomas was analyzed according to the same method. Separate analyses of the occurrence of adenomas at year 1 and at year 3 were performed with the use of a Mantel–Haenszel test, stratified according to the use or nonuse of aspirin. The number of adenomas, the size of the largest adenoma, and the total adenoma burden detected during the three years were analyzed with van Elteren's test,20 an extension of the Wilcoxon rank-sum test, stratified according to the use or nonuse of aspirin. There were no interim analyses of efficacy. All reported P values are two sided.
Investigator-reported adverse events were summarized for all treated subjects, regardless of adherence to study protocol. Additional summaries were provided for prespecified categories of adverse events. Serious adverse cardiovascular events were adjudicated and categorized as previously described.13
Results
Baseline Characteristics
Baseline demographic characteristics, colonoscopic findings, cardiovascular risk factors, and body-mass index were similar in the groups (Table 1Table 1
Baseline Characteristics of the Subjects.). The proportion of subjects with a history of cardiovascular events (atherosclerotic or cerebrovascular disease) was 11.1 percent in the placebo group and 13.7 percent in the celecoxib group.Subject Disposition
Of 1738 subjects screened for eligibility, 1561 underwent randomization, 628 to the placebo group and 933 to the celecoxib group; 107 (17.0 percent) in the placebo group and 160 (17.1 percent) in the celecoxib group took low-dose aspirin. In the placebo group, 554 subjects (88.2 percent) completed the colonoscopy at year 1 and 498 (79.3 percent) completed the colonoscopy at year 3; in the celecoxib group, 831 subjects (89.1 percent) completed the year 1 colonoscopy and 739 (79.2 percent) completed the year 3 colonoscopy (Figure 1Figure 1
Enrollment and Disposition of Subjects.). In all, 495 subjects in the placebo group (78.8 percent) and 727 in the celecoxib group (77.9 percent) received the study medication for 80 percent or more of the study period. Forty-two percent of subjects who underwent colonoscopy at year 3 did so after administration of the drug was suspended on December 17, 2004; 93 percent of those colonoscopies were performed within three months after suspension. Total treatment exposure was 2331 patient-years (mean, 2.49 years) for celecoxib and 1570 patient-years (mean, 2.50 years) for placebo, reflecting the 3:2 ratio of randomization.Efficacy
Of the 557 subjects in the placebo group and the 840 subjects in the celecoxib group who were included in the efficacy analysis, 264 and 270, respectively, were found to have at least one adenoma at year 1, at year 3, or both (Table 2Table 2
Primary and Secondary End Points and Characteristics of Adenomas.). Overall, the three-year estimated cumulative rate of adenomas, calculated on the basis of the Mantel–Cox method, was 33.6 percent for subjects receiving celecoxib and 49.3 percent for subjects receiving placebo (relative risk, 0.64; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.56 to 0.75; P<0.001) (Table 2). The results were similar for subjects taking low-dose aspirin at baseline (relative risk, 0.61; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.43 to 0.88; P=0.007), as well as for those not taking low-dose aspirin at baseline (relative risk, 0.65; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.55 to 0.76; P<0.001). Fifty-six subjects in the placebo group and 42 in the celecoxib group were found to have advanced adenomas as follows: 40 in the placebo group and 25 in the celecoxib group at year 1, and 16 in the placebo group and 17 in the celecoxib group at year 3. The estimated cumulative proportion of subjects with advanced adenomas at year 3 was 5.3 percent in the celecoxib group and 10.4 percent in the placebo group (relative risk, 0.49; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.33 to 0.73; P<0.001). Among subjects who had any new adenoma detected, the mean size of the largest adenoma and the mean adenoma burden were significantly lower in the celecoxib group than in the placebo group; the difference in the mean number of adenomas was not significant (Table 2).Safety
In the placebo group, the only adverse events related to colonoscopy were three cases of bleeding and one case of hypotension. All four occurred at baseline. Adverse events related to colonoscopy reported in the celecoxib group were 10 cases of bleeding, 2 perforations, 3 cardiovascular complications (tachycardia and bradycardia), and 1 vasovagal episode. Eleven occurred at baseline, four at year 1, and one at year 3.
Investigator-reported serious adverse events occurred in less than 20 percent of either group (Table 3Table 3
Incidence of Adverse Events.). Thirty-five subjects died of cardiovascular causes or had myocardial infarction, stroke, or congestive heart failure adjudicated by the cardiovascular safety committee; these consisted of 2.5 percent of the celecoxib group (23 of 933) and 1.9 percent of the placebo group (12 of 628) (relative risk, 1.30; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.65 to 2.62), with estimated rates of 9.4 and 7.2 events per 1000 patient-years for celecoxib and placebo, respectively. Of these 35 subjects, 12 came from a subgroup of 198 with a history of cardiovascular or cerebrovascular events (relative risk, 1.55; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.42 to 5.76), and 23 from a subgroup of 1363 without a medical history of cardiovascular or cerebrovascular events (relative risk, 1.14; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.49 to 2.65; P for interaction=0.59), indicating no significant difference in relative risk between subjects with and those without a history of previous cardiovascular events.Three quarters of all subjects who received at least one dose of study medication had at least one adverse event (74.0 percent in the placebo group and 77.1 percent in the celecoxib group) (Table 3). Investigator-reported renal and hypertensive adverse events were more common in the celecoxib group than in the placebo group (relative risk, 1.35; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.08 to 1.69) overall. Of investigator-reported adverse events occurring in 5 percent or more of subjects, only hypertension was significantly more common in the celecoxib group than in the placebo group (15.5 percent vs. 10.7 percent of subjects; relative risk, 1.45; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.11 to 1.91). Nevertheless, mean (±SE) systolic and diastolic blood pressures fell slightly in both treatment groups from baseline to the end of treatment for all subjects (systolic, −2.3±0.78 mm Hg in the placebo group and −1.9±0.64 mm Hg in the celecoxib group; diastolic, −1.5±0.49 mm Hg in the placebo group and −1.5±0.38 mm Hg in the celecoxib group) and in both aspirin strata.
Investigator reports of gastrointestinal ulceration or hemorrhage were similar (celecoxib group, 12.1 percent; placebo group, 10.4 percent), and no significant difference was seen in hemoglobin and hematocrit laboratory values over the three-year period (mean hematocrit values in the placebo and the celecoxib groups were 43.9 and 43.8, respectively, at year 1, and 44.2 and 44.1, respectively, at year 3) (see Supplementary Appendix 1, available with the full text of this article at www.nejm.org).
A summary of the number of patients with serious adverse events categorized by the MedDRA systems organ class is provided in Supplementary Appendix 2. Those systems organ classes with the most patients were gastrointestinal disorders; cardiac disorders; benign, malignant, and unspecified neoplasms; surgical and medical procedures; and nervous system disorders. Within the systems organ classes, there were no significant differences in incidence between the celecoxib and the placebo groups.
Discussion
In this randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trial, 400 mg of celecoxib once daily was associated with a relative risk of 0.64 for adenomas detected during a three-year period. A reduced risk was apparent at the first follow-up colonoscopy (year 1) and persisted at the second (year 3). Likewise, the cumulative rate of detection of advanced adenomas was lower in the celecoxib group, which had a relative risk of 0.49. The size of the largest adenoma and the adenoma burden were significantly lower in the celecoxib group, but the mean number of adenomas among those with any adenoma was not significantly different between the groups. The relative risk of adenomas during the three years among subjects who took low-dose aspirin was 0.61, which was similar to the relative risk among all subjects.
Celecoxib may be effective against existing adenomas perhaps missed on an index colonoscopy and against the formation of new adenomas, as evidenced by reductions in the newly diagnosed adenomas at year 1 and year 3. This effect is consistent with experimental evidence in animals and humans and with epidemiologic data.
The study did not directly address whether celecoxib affects the risk of a first adenoma or progression to invasive cancer. Colorectal cancer was diagnosed in six subjects in the celecoxib group (0.6 percent) and one subject in the placebo group (0.2 percent) (Table 3). Because five of these seven cases were diagnosed at the year 1 colonoscopy (stage 0 in two subjects and stage 1 in three), these five cases might represent either incomplete excision or disease that was undetected at the index colonoscopy. The remaining two cases of colorectal cancer were diagnosed at year 3 (stage 2A and stage 4). Three of the seven cases were in subjects whose mothers had colorectal cancer.
Delineation of clinical benefit requires further research. As the type of adenoma that responds to celecoxib becomes characterized, treatment with celecoxib may be found to reduce the frequency of colonoscopy necessary in certain subjects prone to adenomas. Also, determining the persistence of the effect of celecoxib on the prevention of adenomas and advanced adenomas is expected to be an especially important aspect of the follow-up of these subjects. Celecoxib may also have effects on other enzymes, such as 15-lipoxygenase-1,21 which could mediate its biologic effects. Further assessment of the relative risks and benefits of celecoxib in patients with adenomas is expected not only to promote greater safety for patients but also to encourage greater patient–physician dialogue, thus improving overall patient care.
Neither gastrointestinal adverse events nor changes in the laboratory values of hemoglobin were significantly different between groups. Cardiovascular safety results, however, need to be considered with those previously reported for the APC trial.13 A significant increase in adjudicated serious cardiovascular events with the use of celecoxib in the APC trial (an increase in risk by a factor of two or three for a composite end point of myocardial infarction, stroke, congestive heart failure, or cardiovascular-related death)13 prompted suspension of the administration of celecoxib in both the APC trial and our study. In our study, the relative risk of such events with the use of celecoxib as compared with placebo was 1.30 (95 percent confidence interval, 0.65 to 2.62).
The relative risk of renal or hypertensive adverse events associated with celecoxib was 1.35 (95 percent confidence interval, 1.08 to 1.69). Nevertheless, once-daily celecoxib was not associated with an increase in mean blood pressure, a finding in contrast to the results in the APC trial reported by Bertagnolli et al. elsewhere in this issue of the Journal.22
In our study, subjects came from six continents and the study protocol required photographic documentation of polyp size and cecal intubation to ensure conformity across clinical sites. The simplicity of once-daily dosing may have promoted enrollment and sustained adherence to the regimen of study medication. Subjects required documentation of adenomas at baseline and were at high risk for further adenomatous polyps. Because this study included a diverse population, our findings probably have broad applicability.
In conclusion, we found that celecoxib significantly reduced the risk of colorectal adenomas. These findings, which are consistent with other evidence linking COX-2 with colorectal neoplasia, indicate that selective inhibition of COX-2 may reduce colorectal tumorigenesis. Deriving specific recommendations for the clinical use of this treatment approach requires further investigation.
Supported by Pfizer, which also provided celecoxib and matching placebo.
Dr. Arber reports having served as a consultant to, owning stock in, and having received lecture fees and grant support from Pfizer. Dr. Levin reports having served as a consultant to Pfizer and having received consulting fees from Enterix and grant support from Pfizer for this study. Drs. Lechuga, Gerletti, Macdonald, Eagle, Bhadra, and Rosenstein and Ms. Tang report being employees of Pfizer. No other potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.
We are indebted to Gary Gordon, Jeffrey Sherman, Ivan Horak, Daniel R. Vlock, and Aby Buchbinder for their dedication and support during the early phases of the trial; to John Sanocki and Wei Shen for programming support; to Angela Alvarez-George and Deidre Sullivan for data management; and to Beth W. Allen, Michele Norton, and Briton Shell for assistance with manuscript preparation.
Source Information
From the Integrated Cancer Prevention Center, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel (N.A.); Pfizer, New York (C.J.E., M.J.L., P.G., J.T., R.B.R., K.M., P.B.); the Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague (J.S.); Faculty Hospital Brno Bohunice, Brno (P.D.), Faculty Hospital Královské Vinohrady, Prague (J.H.); and Central Military Hospital, Prague (M.Z.) — all in the Czech Republic; Petz Aladár County Hospital, Gyõr, Hungary (I.R.); Statistics Collaborative, Washington, D.C. (R.F., J.W.); Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York (A.G.Z.); Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston (S.D.S.); and the Division of Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (B.L.).
Address reprint requests to Dr. Levin at the Division of Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1155 Pressler St., Unit 1370, Houston, TX 77030-4009.
Investigators in the Prevention of Colorectal Sporadic Adenomatous Polyps (PreSAP) trial are listed in the Appendix.
Appendix
The following persons participated in the PreSAP trial: Steering Committee — N. Arber, W. Atkin, C.J. Eagle, A. Dannenberg, R. DuBois, B. Levin, R. Stockbrugger, B.C.Y. Wong, A.G. Zauber; Statistical Team — A.G. Zauber, R. Rosenstein, J. Tang, P. Bhadra, J. Wittes, R. Fowler; Medical Monitors — M.J. Lechuga, P. Gerletti; Central Pathology Review — Diagnostic Cytology Laboratories (Indianapolis); Third-Party Pathology Reviewer — K. Geisinger; Project Director — C.J. Eagle; Data and Safety Monitoring Board — S. Winawer (chair), J. Brinker, G. Elfring (independent statistician), J.P. Faivre, J. Lee, A.I. Neugut; Co-Lead Principal Investigators: N. Arber (Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel), B. Levin (the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston); Principal Investigators — Australia: J. Croese (Mater Misericordiae Hospital, Pimlico, Queensland), V.D. Watters (Geelong Hospital Ryrie, Geelong); Belgium: M. De Vos (Ghent University Hospital, Ghent), J. Deviere (Erasme University Hospital, Brussels), D. Urbain (Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels), H. Piessevaux (Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels); Brazil: F. Oliveira Ferreira (Hospital do Câncer–A.C. Camargo, São Paulo), I. Maguilnik (Hospital de Clinicas de Pôrto Alegre, Pôrto Alegre); Canada: F. Bursey (Health Sciences Center, Saint John's, Newf.), R. Enns (St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, B.C.), R.N. Fedorak (University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.), J. Howard (London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont.), H. Pluta (Gastroenterology and Hepatology Clinic, Abbotsford, B.C.), J. Simon (Hotel-dieu Hospital, Kingston, Ont.), A. Weiss (Vancouver Hospital and Health Sciences Center, Vancouver, B.C.); Chile: F. Lopez (Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago), J. Valenzuela (Clinica Las Condes, Santiago); China: L. Cheng (General Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing); J. Qian (Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing); Czech Republic: P. Dite (Faculty Hospital Brno Bohunice, Brno), J. Dosedel (Hospital of Merciful Sisters St. Charles Borromeo, Prague), J. Hajer (Faculty Hospital Královské Vinohrady, Prague), P. Hulek (Faculty Hospital Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové), J. Janku (Hospital Liberec, Liberec), J. Spicak (Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague), M. Zavoral (Central Military Hospital, Prague); Denmark: S. Lauerberg (Aarhus Amtssygehus, Aarhus); Finland: S. Niemelä (Oulu University Hospital, Oulu); France: R. Benamouzig (Hôpital Avicenne, Bobigny), G. Lledo (Cabinet Médical Lledo, Lyon), S. Chaussade (Groupe Hospitalier Cochin, Paris), J. Sahel (Hôpital Ste. Marguerite, Marseille); Germany: B. Birkner (Munich), D. Mueller, S. Boehm (Philipps-Universität Marburg/Lahn, Marburg), H.G. Dammann (Klinische Forschung Hamburg, Hamburg), A. Dettmer (Munich), R.R. Fink (Freising), H.D. Janisch (Erlangen), C. Klein (Kuenzing), J.F. Riemann (Klinikum der Stadt Ludwigshafen, Ludwigshafen), A. Roempp, C. Weber (Universitätsklinikum Ulm, Ulm), B. Wiedenmann (Universitätsklinikum Charité, Berlin); Hong Kong: F. Chan (Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin), B.C.Y. Wong (University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong); Hungary: I. Rácz (Petz Aladár County Hospital, Gyõr), L. Simon (Tolna County Hospital, Szekszárd); Ireland: P. Macmathuna (Mater Misericordiae Hospital, Dublin), F.E. Murray (Beaumont Hospital, Dublin), E. Quigley (Cork University Hospital, Wilton); Israel: N. Arber (Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv), S. Bar-Meir (Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer), A. Eliakim (Rambam Medical Center, Haifa), A. Fich (Soroka University Medical Center, Beersheba), Z. Fireman (Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, Hadera), E. Goldin (Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem), Y. Niv (Rabin Medical Center, Petah-Tikva), H. Shirin (Wolfson Medical Center, Holon); Italy: A. Andriulli (Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia), V. Casale, M. Crespi (Polo Oncologico Regina Elena, Rome), R. Cestari (Ospedali Civili, Brescia), C. Crosta (Istituto Europeo di Oncologia, Milan), G. Frosini (Policlinico Le Scotte, Siena), S. Morini (Ospedale Nuovo Regina Margherita, Rome); the Netherlands: R.W. Stockbrugger (Academisch Ziekenhuis Maastricht, Maastricht); Norway: G. Huppertz-Hauss, J. Sauar (Medical Department Sykehuset Telemark, Skien); Peru: O. Frisancho (Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati Martins, Lima), J. Watanabe (Policlinico Peruano Japones, Lima); Poland: E. Butruk (Medical Centre for Postgraduate Education, Institute of Oncology, Warsaw); Portugal: C. Nobre Leitão (Instituto Português de Oncologia, Lisbon); Russian Federation: G.P. Arutyunov (Hospital #4, Moscow), O.N. Minushkin (Hospital #51, Moscow), O. Naumov (City Clinical Hospital #24, Moscow), B.K. Poddubny (Blokhina Cancer Research Center, Moscow), S.G. Shapovaliants (Hospital #31, Moscow), V.V. Veselov (State Scientific Center for Coloproctology, Moscow); Singapore: K.G. Yeoh (National University Hospital, Singapore), K.M. Fock (Changi General Hospital, Singapore); Slovak Republic: I. Ďuriš (University Hospital, Bratislava), A. Vavrecka (St. Cyril's and Method's Hospital, Bratislava); South Africa: R. Jobson (Sandton Clinic, Johannesburg), B. Shmeizer (Sunninghill Hospital, Johannesburg), H.R. Schneider (Milpark Hospital, Johannesburg), J.P. Wright (Kingsbury Hospital, Cape Town); Spain: J.I. Arenas (Hospital Nuestra Señora de Aránzazu, San Sebastián), A. Castells (Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona), J. Herrerias (Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Seville), A. Obrador (Hospital Son Dureta, Palma de Mallorca), L. Rodrigo (Hospital Central de Asturias, Oviedo); Sweden: B. Kollberg (Mag-Tarm-centrum, Stockholm), L. Pahlman (Akademiska Sjukhuset, Uppsala); Switzerland: A. Hadengue (Hôpitaux Universitaires de Genève, Geneva); Taiwan: T.-M. King (Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung); United Kingdom: W. Atkin (Coordinator) (Imperial College, London), K. Vellacott (Royal Gwent Hospital, Gwent), B. Saunders (St. Mark's Hospital, Harrow, Middlesex), N. Mortensen (John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford); United States: M.T. Bennett (Medical Associates Research Group, San Diego, Calif.), S.A. Cohen (Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia), D.Y. Graham (Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston), D.M. Kruss (Veterans Affairs Medical Center, North Chicago, Ill.), S.J. Meltzer (University of Maryland School of Medicine–Baltimore, Baltimore), N.N. Ravendhran (Digestive Disease Associates, Baltimore), M.L. Schubert (McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Richmond, Va.), D.S. Weinberg (Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia), K.L. Woods (Medical Center Endoscopy, Houston); Uruguay: H. Cohen (Clinicas Hospital, Montevideo).
- References
References
1
Pisani P ,Bray F ,Parkin DM . Estimates of the world-wide prevalence of cancer for 25 sites in the adult population. Int J Cancer 2002;97:72-81
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline2
Ferlay J, Bray P, Pisani P, Parkin DM. GLOBOCAN 2002: cancer incidence, mortality and prevalence worldwide. Lyon, France: IARC Press, 2004.
3
Cancer facts and figures, 2006. Atlanta: American Cancer Society, 2006.
4
Fearon ER ,Vogelstein B . A genetic model for colorectal tumorigenesis. Cell 1990;61:759-767
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline5
Sandler RS ,Halabi S ,Baron JA , et al. A randomized trial of aspirin to prevent colorectal adenomas in subjects with previous colorectal cancer. N Engl J Med 2003;348:883-890[Erratum, N Engl J Med 2003;348:1939.]
Full Text | Web of Science | Medline6
Baron JA ,Cole BF ,Sandler RS , et al. A randomized trial of aspirin to prevent colorectal adenomas. N Engl J Med 2003;348:891-899
Full Text | Web of Science | Medline7
Giardiello FM ,Yang VW ,Hylind LM , et al. Primary chemoprevention of familial adenomatous polyposis with sulindac. N Engl J Med 2002;346:1054-1059
Full Text | Web of Science | Medline8
Tanaka Y ,Ward SL ,Smith WL . Immunochemical and kinetic evidence for two different prostaglandin H-prostaglandin E isomerases in sheep vesicular gland microsomes. J Biol Chem 1987;262:1374-1381
Web of Science | Medline9
Eberhart CE ,Coffey RJ ,Radhika A ,Giardiello FM ,Ferrenbach S ,DuBois RN . Up-regulation of cyclooxygenase 2 gene expression in human colorectal adenomas and adenocarcinomas. Gastroenterology 1994;107:1183-1188
Web of Science | Medline10
Sinicrope FA ,Lemoine M ,Xi L , et al. Reduced expression of cyclooxygenase 2 proteins in hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancers relative to sporadic cancers. Gastroenterology 1999;117:350-358
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline11
Oshima M ,Dinchuk JE ,Kargman SL , et al. Suppression of intestinal polyposis in Apc delta716 knockout mice by inhibition of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2). Cell 1996;87:803-809
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline12
Bresalier RS ,Sandler RS ,Quan H , et al. Cardiovascular events associated with rofecoxib in a colorectal adenoma chemoprevention trial. N Engl J Med 2005;352:1092-1102
Full Text | Web of Science | Medline13
Solomon SD ,McMurray JJ ,Pfeffer MA , et al. Cardiovascular risk associated with celecoxib in a clinical trial for colorectal adenoma prevention. N Engl J Med 2005;352:1071-1080
Full Text | Web of Science | Medline14
Celebrex (celecoxib). New York: Pfizer, July 2005 (package insert).
15
Solomon SD ,McMurray JJ ,Pfeffer MA , et al. Cardiovascular risk associated with celecoxib in a clinical trial for colorectal adenoma prevention. N Engl J Med 2005;352:1071-1080
Full Text | Web of Science | Medline16
Koch GG ,McCanless I ,Ward JF Jr . Interpretation of statistical methodology associated with maintenance trials. Am J Med 1984;77:Suppl 5B:43-50
Web of Science | Medline17
Mantel N . Evaluation of survival data and two new rank order statistics arising in its consideration. Cancer Chemother Rep 1966;50:163-170
Medline18
Stokes ME, Davis CS, Koch GG. Categorical data analysis using the SAS system. 2nd ed. Cary, N.C.: SAS Institute, 2000.
19
Kleinbaum DG, Kupper LL, Morgenstern H. Epidemiologic research: principles and quantitative methods. Belmont, Calif.: Lifetime Learning, 1982:342-51, 359.
20
Lehmann EL. Nonparametrics: statistical methods based on ranks. San Francisco: Holden-Day, 1975:132-7, 145.
21
Shureiqi I ,Wu Y ,Chen D , et al. The critical role of 15-lipoxygenase-1 in colorectal epithelial cell terminal differentiation and tumorigenesis. Cancer Res 2005;65:11486-11492
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline22
Bertagnolli MM ,Eagle CJ ,Zauber AG , et al. Celecoxib for the prevention of sporadic colorectal adenomas. N Engl J Med 2006;355:873-884
Full Text | Web of Science | Medline
- Citing Articles (246)
Citing Articles
1
Li Hou, Bo Xu, Wei Guo, Fu-Xiang Ran, Jing-Tao Liu, Xia Yuan, Hong-Zheng Fu, Jing-Rong Cui. (2012) Pseudolaric acid B inhibits inducible cyclooxygenase-2 expression via downregulation of the NF-κB pathway in HT-29 cells. Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology
CrossRef2
Philip G. Conaghan. (2011) A turbulent decade for NSAIDs: update on current concepts of classification, epidemiology, comparative efficacy, and toxicity. Rheumatology International
CrossRef3
Heide S. Cross, Thomas Nittke, Enikö Kallay. (2011) Colonic vitamin D metabolism: Implications for the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancer. Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology 347:1-2, 70-79
CrossRef4
Mirela Nadler-Milbauer, Lior Apter, Ygal Haupt, Sue Haupt, Yechezkel Barenholz, Tamara Minko, Abraham Rubinstein. (2011) Synchronized release of Doxil and Nutlin-3 by remote degradation of polysaccharide matrices and its possible use in the local treatment of colorectal cancer. Journal of Drug Targeting 19:10, 859-873
CrossRef5
Paul L. McCormack. (2011) Celecoxib. Drugs 71:18, 2457-2489
CrossRef6
S Schneeweiss, J J Gagne, R J Glynn, M Ruhl, J A Rassen. (2011) Assessing the Comparative Effectiveness of Newly Marketed Medications: Methodological Challenges and Implications for Drug Development. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics
CrossRef7
Claudia Bocca, Francesca Bozzo, Monica Ievolella, Antonella Miglietta. (2011) A novel nitro-oxy substituted analogue of rofecoxib reduces human colon cancer cell growth. Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry
CrossRef8
Raymond C. Harris, Ming-Zhi Zhang. 2011. Cyclooxygenase Metabolites in the Kidney. .
CrossRef9
W Liu, E M Poole, C M Ulrich, R J Kulmacz. (2011) Polymorphic human prostaglandin H synthase-2 proteins and their interactions with cyclooxygenase substrates and inhibitors. The Pharmacogenomics Journal 11:5, 337-347
CrossRef10
A. K. Tiwari, H. K. Roy. (2011) Progress against cancer (1971-2011): how far have we come?. Journal of Internal Medicineno-no
CrossRef11
R. X. Zhang, X. J. Wu, D. S. Wan, Z. H. Lu, L. H. Kong, Z. Z. Pan, G. Chen. (2011) Celecoxib can prevent capecitabine-related hand-foot syndrome in stage II and III colorectal cancer patients: result of a single-center, prospective randomized phase III trial. Annals of Oncology
CrossRef12
Hazel Squires, Paul Tappenden, Katy Cooper, Christopher Carroll, Richard Logan, Daniel Hind. (2011) Cost-Effectiveness of Aspirin, Celecoxib, and Calcium Chemoprevention for Colorectal Cancer. Clinical Therapeutics 33:9, 1289-1305
CrossRef13
Gudrun Stefansdottir, Marie L. De Bruin, Mirjam J. Knol, Diederick E. Grobbee, Hubert G.M. Leufkens. (2011) Randomized Controlled Trials of COX-2 Inhibitors. Drug Safety 34:9, 783-792
CrossRef14
William B. White, Christina Cruz. (2011) Impact of NSAIDs on cardiovascular risk and hypertension. Italian Journal of Medicine 5:3, 175-183
CrossRef15
Marco Erreni, Alberto Mantovani, Paola Allavena. (2011) Tumor-associated Macrophages (TAM) and Inflammation in Colorectal Cancer. Cancer Microenvironment 4:2, 141-154
CrossRef16
Xiangwei Wu, Sherri Patterson, Ernest Hawk. (2011) Chemoprevention – History and general principles. Best Practice & Research Clinical Gastroenterology 25:4-5, 445-459
CrossRef17
Brian Kim, Francis M. Giardiello. (2011) Chemoprevention in familial adenomatous polyposis. Best Practice & Research Clinical Gastroenterology 25:4-5, 607-622
CrossRef18
Menachem Moshkowitz, Shiran Shapira, Nadir Arber. (2011) Chemoprevention for advanced CR neoplasia. Best Practice & Research Clinical Gastroenterology 25:4-5, 623-630
CrossRef19
Mark A. Hull. (2011) Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Best Practice & Research Clinical Gastroenterology 25:4-5, 547-554
CrossRef20
Y Vinogradova, C Coupland, J Hippisley-Cox. (2011) Exposure to cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors and risk of cancer: nested case–control studies. British Journal of Cancer 105:3, 452-459
CrossRef21
Johnny Kao, Eric M. Genden, Chien-Ting Chen, Michael Rivera, Charles C. L. Tong, Kryztof Misiukiewicz, Vishal Gupta, Vivek Gurudutt, Marita Teng, Stuart H. Packer. (2011) Phase 1 trial of concurrent erlotinib, celecoxib, and reirradiation for recurrent head and neck cancer. Cancer 117:14, 3173-3181
CrossRef22
Stanley Snowden, Robert Nelson. (2011) The Effects of Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs on Blood Pressure in Hypertensive Patients. Cardiology in Review 19:4, 184-191
CrossRef23
David Z.J. Chu, Michael A. Hussey, David S. Alberts, Frank L. Meyskens, Cecilia M. Fenoglio-Preiser, Saul E. Rivkin, Glenn M. Mills, Jeffrey K. Giguere, Charles D. Blanke, Gary E. Goodman. (2011) Colorectal Chemoprevention Pilot Study (SWOG-9041), Randomized and Placebo Controlled: The Importance of Multiple Luminal Lesions. Clinical Colorectal Cancer
CrossRef24
Olivier Barthélémy, Tobias Limbourg, Jean Philippe Collet, Farzin Beygui, Johanne Silvain, Anne Bellemain-Appaix, Guillaume Cayla, Thomas Chastre, Iris Baumgartner, Joachim Röther, Uwe Zeymer, Deepak L. Bhatt, Gabriel Steg, Gilles Montalescot. (2011) Impact of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) on cardiovascular outcomes in patients with stable atherothrombosis or multiple risk factors. International Journal of Cardiology
CrossRef25
Nadir Arber, Julius Spicak, István Rácz, Miroslav Zavoral, Aurora Breazna, Paola Gerletti, Maria J Lechuga, Neal Collins, Rebecca B Rosenstein, Craig J Eagle, Bernard Levin. (2011) Five-Year Analysis of the Prevention of Colorectal Sporadic Adenomatous Polyps Trial. The American Journal of Gastroenterology 106:6, 1135-1146
CrossRef26
Tsui-Ting Ching, Wei-Chung Chiang, Ching-Shih Chen, Ao-Lin Hsu. (2011) Celecoxib extends C. elegans lifespan via inhibition of insulin-like signaling but not cyclooxygenase-2 activity. Aging Cell 10:3, 506-519
CrossRef27
Mi-Kyung Kim, Kidong Kim, Jae Yong Han, Jeong Mook Lim, Yong Sang Song. (2011) Modulation of inflammatory signaling pathways by phytochemicals in ovarian cancer. Genes & Nutrition 6:2, 109-115
CrossRef28
Yuhua Li, Li Liu, Yinbo Niu, Juan Feng, Yang Sun, Xianghe Kong, Yongchun Chen, Xiaoyan Chen, Hongquan Gan, Shousong Cao, Qibing Mei. (2011) Modified apple polysaccharide prevents against tumorigenesis in a mouse model of colitis-associated colon cancer: role of galectin-3 and apoptosis in cancer prevention. European Journal of Nutrition
CrossRef29
S. L. McDonald, A. R. Silver. (2011) On target? Strategies and progress in the development of therapies for colorectal cancer targeted against WNT signalling. Colorectal Disease 13:4, 360-369
CrossRef30
David Lieberman, Thomas F. Imperiale. (2011) Interval Fecal Immunochemical Testing in Colonoscopic Surveillance Program. Gastroenterology 140:4, 1359-1360
CrossRef31
Maria Teresa Rizzo. (2011) Cyclooxygenase-2 in oncogenesis. Clinica Chimica Acta 412:9-10, 671-687
CrossRef32
Robert Benamouzig, Bernard Uzzan, Jacques Deyra, Antoine Martin, Stanislas Chaussade. (2011) Prevention by Aspirin of Colorectal Adenoma Recurrence: Some Advances and Latest Results of the APACC Trial. Current Colorectal Cancer Reports 7:1, 33-41
CrossRef33
Neville D Yeomans. (2011) Aspirin: Old drug, new uses and challenges*. Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology 26:3, 426-431
CrossRef34
Varun Ashok, Chiranjeev Dash, Thomas E. Rohan, J. Michael Sprafka, Paul D. Terry. (2011) Selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors and breast cancer risk. The Breast 20:1, 66-70
CrossRef35
Masami Suganuma, Achinto Saha, Hirota Fujiki. (2011) New cancer treatment strategy using combination of green tea catechins and anticancer drugs. Cancer Science 102:2, 317-323
CrossRef36
Naoko Takebe, Pamela J. Harris, Ronald Q. Warren, S. Percy Ivy. (2011) Targeting cancer stem cells by inhibiting Wnt, Notch, and Hedgehog pathways. Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology 8:2, 97-106
CrossRef37
Dianne M Heijink, Mathilde Jalving, Dorenda Oosterhuis, Ineke A Sloots, Roelof Koster, Harry Hollema, Jan H Kleibeuker, Jan J Koornstra, Elisabeth GE de Vries, Steven de Jong. (2011) TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand cooperates with NSAIDs via activated Wnt signalling in (pre)malignant colon cells. The Journal of Pathology 223:3, 378-389
CrossRef38
X Zhang, W T Godbey. (2011) Preclinical evaluation of a gene therapy treatment for transitional cell carcinoma. Cancer Gene Therapy 18:1, 34-41
CrossRef39
John Burn. (2011) Chemoprevention. Viszeralmedizin 27:4, 322-328
CrossRef40
Eyal Sagiv, Michal Sheffer, Diana Kazanov, Shiran Shapira, Inna Naumov, Sarah Kraus, Eytan Domany, Nadir Arber. (2011) Gene Expression following Exposure to Celecoxib in Humans: Pathways of Inflammation and Carcinogenesis Are Activated in Tumors but Not Normal Tissues. Digestion 84:3, 169-184
CrossRef41
Inok Surh, Joyce E. Rundhaug, Amy Pavone, Carol Mikulec, Erika Abel, Melissa Simper, Susan M. Fischer. (2011) The EP1 receptor for prostaglandin E2 promotes the development and progression of malignant murine skin tumors. Molecular Carcinogenesisn/a-n/a
CrossRef42
Julia C Stingl, Thomas Ettrich, Rainer Muche, Martina Wiedom, Jürgen Brockmöller, Angela Seeringer, Thomas Seufferlein. (2011) Protocol for MInimizing the Risk of Metachronous Adenomas of the CoLorectum with Green Tea Extract (MIRACLE): a randomised controlled trial of green tea extract versus placebo for nutriprevention of metachronous colon adenomas in the elderly population. BMC Cancer 11:1, 360
CrossRef43
Marc Baay, Anja Brouwer, Patrick Pauwels, Marc Peeters, Filip Lardon. (2011) Tumor Cells and Tumor-Associated Macrophages: Secreted Proteins as Potential Targets for Therapy. Clinical and Developmental Immunology 2011, 1-12
CrossRef44
C. A. Elmets, J. L. Viner, A. P. Pentland, W. Cantrell, H.-Y. Lin, H. Bailey, S. Kang, K. G. Linden, M. Heffernan, M. Duvic, E. Richmond, B. E. Elewski, A. Umar, W. Bell, G. B. Gordon. (2010) Chemoprevention of Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer With Celecoxib: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute 102:24, 1835-1844
CrossRef45
J. Heijmans, N.V. Büller, V. Muncan, G.R. van den Brink. (2010) Role of mast cells in colorectal cancer development, the jury is still out
. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Basis of Disease
CrossRef46
Peter M Rothwell, Michelle Wilson, Carl-Eric Elwin, Bo Norrving, Ale Algra, Charles P Warlow, Tom W Meade. (2010) Long-term effect of aspirin on colorectal cancer incidence and mortality: 20-year follow-up of five randomised trials. The Lancet 376:9754, 1741-1750
CrossRef47
Oded Ben-Amotz, Nadir Arber, Sarah Kraus. (2010) Colorectal cancer chemoprevention: the potential of a selective approach. Expert Review of Anticancer Therapy 10:10, 1559-1562
CrossRef48
Lesley-Ann Martin, Giles L. S. Davies, Marion T. Weigel, Nadine Betambeau, Margaret J. Hills, Janine Salter, Geraldine Walsh, Roger A’Hern, Mitch Dowsett. (2010) Pre-surgical study of the biological effects of the selective cyclo-oxygenase-2 inhibitor celecoxib in patients with primary breast cancer. Breast Cancer Research and Treatment 123:3, 829-836
CrossRef49
Yuhua Li, Yinbo Niu, Huanjie Wu, Yang Sun, Qian Li, Xianghe Kong, Li Liu, Qibing Mei. (2010) Modified Apple Polysaccharides Could Induce Apoptosis in Colorectal Cancer Cells. Journal of Food Science 75:8, H224-H229
CrossRef50
L. Liu, Y. H. Li, Y. B. Niu, Y. Sun, Z. J. Guo, Q. Li, C. Li, J. Feng, S. S. Cao, Q. B. Mei. (2010) An apple oligogalactan prevents against inflammation and carcinogenesis by targeting LPS/TLR4/NF- B pathway in a mouse model of colitis-associated colon cancer. Carcinogenesis 31:10, 1822-1832
CrossRef51
Mirela Nadler Milabuer, Yossi Kam, Abraham Rubinstein. 2010. Orally Administered Drug Delivery Systems to the Colon. , 225-243.
CrossRef52
William Ka Kei Wu, Joseph Jao Yiu Sung, Chung Wa Lee, Jun Yu, Chi Hin Cho. (2010) Cyclooxygenase-2 in tumorigenesis of gastrointestinal cancers: An update on the molecular mechanisms. Cancer Letters 295:1, 7-16
CrossRef53
Vernon E. Steele, Ronald A. Lubet. (2010) The Use of Animal Models for Cancer Chemoprevention Drug Development. Seminars in Oncology 37:4, 327-338
CrossRef54
Sihong You, Jiannong Zhou, Senqing Chen, Ping Zhou, Jinghuan Lv, Xiao Han, Yujie Sun. (2010) PTCH1, a receptor of Hedgehog signaling pathway, is correlated with metastatic potential of colorectal cancer. Upsala Journal of Medical Sciences 115:3, 169-175
CrossRef55
Karen A. Johnson, Powel H. Brown. (2010) Drug Development for Cancer Chemoprevention: Focus on Molecular Targets. Seminars in Oncology 37:4, 345-358
CrossRef56
Vasundara Venkateswaran, Laurence H. Klotz. (2010) Diet and prostate cancer: mechanisms of action and implications for chemoprevention. Nature Reviews Urology 7:8, 442-453
CrossRef57
Muhammad Amer, Valeriani R. Bead, Joan Bathon, Roger S. Blumenthal, David N. Edwards. (2010) Use of Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs in Patients With Cardiovascular Disease. Cardiology in Review 18:4, 204-212
CrossRef58
S. Paul, A. J. DeCastro, H. J. Lee, A. K. Smolarek, J. Y. So, B. Simi, C. X. Wang, R. Zhou, A. M. Rimando, N. Suh. (2010) Dietary intake of pterostilbene, a constituent of blueberries, inhibits the -catenin/p65 downstream signaling pathway and colon carcinogenesis in rats. Carcinogenesis 31:7, 1272-1278
CrossRef59
Nancy L. Cho, Chi-Iou Lin, Edward E. Whang, Adelaide M. Carothers, Francis D. Moore, Daniel T. Ruan. (2010) Sulindac Reverses Aberrant Expression and Localization of β-Catenin in Papillary Thyroid Cancer Cells with the BRAF V600E Mutation. Thyroid 20:6, 615-622
CrossRef60
Norleena P. Gullett, A.R.M. Ruhul Amin, Soley Bayraktar, John M. Pezzuto, Dong M. Shin, Fadlo R. Khuri, Bharat B. Aggarwal, Young-Joon Surh, Omer Kucuk. (2010) Cancer Prevention With Natural Compounds. Seminars in Oncology 37:3, 258-281
CrossRef61
Patrick M Lynch, Gregory D Ayers, Ernie Hawk, Ellen Richmond, Craig Eagle, Mabel Woloj, James Church, Hennie Hasson, Sherri Patterson, Elizabeth Half, Carol A Burke. (2010) The Safety and Efficacy of Celecoxib in Children With Familial Adenomatous Polyposis. The American Journal of Gastroenterology 105:6, 1437-1443
CrossRef62
Sandra Demaria, Eli Pikarsky, Michael Karin, Lisa M. Coussens, Yen-Ching Chen, Emad M. El-Omar, Giorgio Trinchieri, Steven M. Dubinett, Jenny T. Mao, Eva Szabo, Arthur Krieg, George J. Weiner, Bernard A. Fox, George Coukos, Ena Wang, Robert T. Abraham, Michele Carbone, Michael T. Lotze. (2010) Cancer and Inflammation: Promise for Biologic Therapy. Journal of Immunotherapy 33:4, 335-351
CrossRef63
M C Bradley, C M Hughes, M M Cantwell, G Napolitano, L J Murray. (2010) Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and pancreatic cancer risk: a nested case–control study. British Journal of Cancer 102:9, 1415-1421
CrossRef64
Anna L. Blobaum, Lawrence J. Marnett. 2010. NSAID Action and the Foundations for Cardiovascular Toxicity. , 257-285.
CrossRef65
Emer M Smyth. (2010) Thromboxane and the thromboxane receptor in cardiovascular disease. Clinical Lipidology 5:2, 209-219
CrossRef66
Carlos Sostres, Carla J. Gargallo, Maria T. Arroyo, Angel Lanas. (2010) Adverse effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs, aspirin and coxibs) on upper gastrointestinal tract. Best Practice & Research Clinical Gastroenterology 24:2, 121-132
CrossRef67
Frank Bergmann, Gerhard Moldenhauer, Esther Herpel, Matthias M Gaida, Oliver Strobel, Jens Werner, Irene Esposito, Susanne Sebens Müerköster, Peter Schirmacher, Michael A Kern. (2010) Expression of L1CAM, COX-2, EGFR, c-KIT and Her2/neu in anaplastic pancreatic cancer: putative therapeutic targets?. Histopathology 56:4, 440-448
CrossRef68
La-ongsri Atchaneeyasakul, Mongkol Uiprasertkul, Adisak Trinavarat. (2010) Cyclooxygenase-2 Expression in Retinoblastoma: An Immunohistochemical Analysis. Current Eye Research 35:3, 242-247
CrossRef69
Se Min Jang, Young Jin Jun, Woong Na, Si-Hyong Jang, Kyueng Whan Min, Young Soo Song, Ki-Seok Jang, Hong Xiu Han, Kang Hong Lee, Seung Sam Paik. (2010) Clinicopathologic significance of cyclooxygenase-2 overexpression in colorectal adenocarcinoma. Basic and Applied Pathology 3:1, 14-20
CrossRef70
O Galamb, S Spisák, F Sipos, K Tóth, N Solymosi, B Wichmann, T Krenács, G Valcz, Z Tulassay, B Molnár. (2010) Reversal of gene expression changes in the colorectal normal-adenoma pathway by NS398 selective COX2 inhibitor. British Journal of Cancer 102:4, 765-773
CrossRef71
D Wang, R N DuBois. (2010) The role of COX-2 in intestinal inflammation and colorectal cancer. Oncogene 29:6, 781-788
CrossRef72
Feng Shang ZHU, Xi Mei CHEN, Zhi Gang HUANG, Zhi Rong WANG, Dong Wei ZHANG, Xia ZHANG. (2010) Rofecoxib augments anticancer effects by reversing intrinsic multidrug resistance gene expression in BGC-823 gastric cancer cells. Journal of Digestive Diseases 11:1, 34-42
CrossRef73
Shahab Uddin, Maqbool Ahmed, Azhar Hussain, Lina Assad, Fouad Al-Dayel, Prashant Bavi, Khawla S. Al-Kuraya, Adnan Munkarah. (2010) Cyclooxygenase-2 inhibition inhibits PI3K/AKT kinase activity in epithelial ovarian cancer. International Journal of Cancer 126:2, 382-394
CrossRef74
A. Albini, G. Pennesi, F. Donatelli, R. Cammarota, S. De Flora, D. M. Noonan. (2010) Cardiotoxicity of Anticancer Drugs: The Need for Cardio-Oncology and Cardio-Oncological Prevention. JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute 102:1, 14-25
CrossRef75
Anantha Krishna Chaitanya Divvela, Siva Reddy Challa, Israiel Kumar Tagaram. (2010) Pathogenic Role of Cyclooxygenase-2 in Cancer. JOURNAL OF HEALTH SCIENCE 56:5, 502-516
CrossRef76
Reinhold W. Stockbrugger. (2010) Targeting Chemoprevention of Colorectal Cancer to Those Who Are Likely to Respond. Current Colorectal Cancer Reports 6:1, 44-47
CrossRef77
Markowitz, Sanford D., Bertagnolli, Monica M., . (2009) Molecular Basis of Colorectal Cancer. New England Journal of Medicine 361:25, 2449-2460
Full Text78
P. Thermann, T. Seufferlein. (2009) Primäre und sekundäre Prävention sporadischer kolorektaler Karzinome. Der Onkologe 15:12, 1193-1205
CrossRef79
Clara C Chan, Christopher M Reid, Tai-Juan Aw, Danny Liew, Steven Joseph Haas, Henry Krum. (2009) Do COX-2 inhibitors raise blood pressure more than nonselective NSAIDs and placebo? An updated meta-analysis. Journal of Hypertension 27:12, 2332-2341
CrossRef80
Y.-L. Kim, S.-H. Park, J.-Y. Choi, C.-D. Kim. (2009) Cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor: a potential therapeutic strategy for ultrafiltration failure in peritoneal dialysis. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 24:12, 3585-3588
CrossRef81
Peter R. Holt, Peter Kozuch, Seetal Mewar. (2009) Colon cancer and the elderly: From screening to treatment in management of GI disease in the elderly. Best Practice & Research Clinical Gastroenterology 23:6, 889-907
CrossRef82
Thorsten J. Maier, Susanne Schiffmann, Ivonne Wobst, Kerstin Birod, Carlo Angioni, Marika Hoffmann, Jakob J. Lopez, Clemens Glaubitz, Dieter Steinhilber, Gerd Geisslinger, Sabine Grösch. (2009) Cellular membranes function as a storage compartment for celecoxib. Journal of Molecular Medicine 87:10, 981-993
CrossRef83
Donato Santovito, Andrea Mezzetti, Francesco Cipollone. (2009) Cyclooxygenase and prostaglandin synthases: roles in plaque stability and instability in humans. Current Opinion in Lipidology 20:5, 402-408
CrossRef84
Rachid Zagani, Nadim Hamzaoui, Wulfran Cacheux, Aurélien de Reyniès, Benoît Terris, Stanislas Chaussade, Béatrice Romagnolo, Christine Perret, Dominique Lamarque. (2009) Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibitors Down-regulate Osteopontin and Nr4a2—New Therapeutic Targets for Colorectal Cancers. Gastroenterology 137:4, 1358-1366.e3
CrossRef85
Maneesh Gupta, Glenn M. Eisen. (2009) NSAIDs and the gastrointestinal tract. Current Gastroenterology Reports 11:5, 345-353
CrossRef86
C. Pox, S. Schmiegel, K. Schulmann, S. Stemmler, H. Schrader, I.A. Adamietz. (2009) Prävention und Diagnose kolorektaler Karzinome. Der Onkologe 15:10, 1033-1048
CrossRef87
Chin Hur, Darcy E. Broughton, Chung Yin Kong, Elissa M. Ozanne, Ethan B. Richards, Thanh Truong, G. Scott Gazelle. (2009) Patient Preferences for the Chemoprevention of Colorectal Cancer. Digestive Diseases and Sciences 54:10, 2207-2214
CrossRef88
Sarah Kraus, Nadir Arber. (2009) Colorectal cancer chemoprevention: Ready for practice?. European Journal of Cancer 45, 360-366
CrossRef89
J. Boone, R. van Hillegersberg, G. J. A. Offerhaus, P. J. van Diest, I. H. M. Borel Rinkes, F. J. W. ten Kate. (2009) Targets for molecular therapy in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: an immunohistochemical analysis. Diseases of the Esophagus 22:6, 496-504
CrossRef90
D. R. McArthur, E. Leung, A. Morris, N. Williams. (2009) COX-2 expression is unexpectedly high in viable colorectal mucosal cells: is there life for chemoprophylaxis after VICTOR?. Colorectal Disease 11:7, 775-782
CrossRef91
Tsuyoshi Hayashi, Hirotoshi Ishiwatari, Hideyuki Ihara, Yutaka Kawano, Koichi Takada, Koji Miyanishi, Masayoshi Kobune, Rishu Takimoto, Tomoko Sonoda, Tetsuji Takayama, Junji Kato, Yoshiro Niitsu. (2009) Suppressive effect of sulindac on branch duct-intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms. Journal of Gastroenterology 44:9, 964-975
CrossRef92
G A Doherty, S M Byrne, S C Austin, G M Scully, D M Sadlier, T G Neilan, E W Kay, F E Murray, D J Fitzgerald. (2009) Regulation of the apoptosis-inducing kinase DRAK2 by cyclooxygenase-2 in colorectal cancer. British Journal of Cancer 101:3, 483-491
CrossRef93
Patricia A Thompson, Eugene W Gerner. (2009) Current concepts in colorectal cancer prevention. Expert Review of Gastroenterology & Hepatology 3:4, 369-382
CrossRef94
Paresh Soni, Briton Shell, Gail Cawkwell, Chunming Li, Hong Ma. (2009) The hepatic safety and tolerability of the cyclooxygenase-2 selective NSAID celecoxib: pooled analysis of 41 randomized controlled trials. Current Medical Research and Opinion 25:8, 1841-1851
CrossRef95
Angel Lanas. (2009) Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs and Cyclooxygenase Inhibition in the Gastrointestinal Tract: A Trip From Peptic Ulcer to Colon Cancer. The American Journal of the Medical Sciences 338:2, 96-106
CrossRef96
Søren Friis, Aslak H. Poulsen, Henrik Toft Sørensen, Anne Tjønneland, Kim Overvad, Ulla Vogel, Joseph K. McLaughlin, William J. Blot, Jørgen H. Olsen. (2009) Aspirin and other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and risk of colorectal cancer: A Danish cohort study. Cancer Causes & Control 20:5, 731-740
CrossRef97
Ann M. Bode, Zigang Dong. (2009) Cancer prevention research — then and now. Nature Reviews Cancer 9:7, 508-516
CrossRef98
M. Yan, S.-J. Myung, S. P. Fink, E. Lawrence, J. Lutterbaugh, P. Yang, X. Zhou, D. Liu, R. M. Rerko, J. Willis, D. Dawson, H.-H. Tai, J. S. Barnholtz-Sloan, R. A. Newman, M. M. Bertagnolli, S. D. Markowitz. (2009) 15-Hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase inactivation as a mechanism of resistance to celecoxib chemoprevention of colon tumors. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 106:23, 9409-9413
CrossRef99
C.A.C. Hyde, S. Missailidis. (2009) Inhibition of arachidonic acid metabolism and its implication on cell proliferation and tumour-angiogenesis. International Immunopharmacology 9:6, 701-715
CrossRef100
Andrew T. Chan, Ann G. Zauber, Meier Hsu, Aurora Breazna, David J. Hunter, Rebecca B. Rosenstein, Craig J. Eagle, Ernest T. Hawk, Monica M.. Bertagnolli. (2009) Cytochrome P450 2C9 Variants Influence Response to Celecoxib for Prevention of Colorectal Adenoma. Gastroenterology 136:7, 2127-2136.e1
CrossRef101
Stephen Daniels, Jeffery Robbins, Christine R. West, Mary Anne Nemeth. (2009) Celecoxib in the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea: Results from two randomized, double-blind, active- and placebo-controlled, crossover studies. Clinical Therapeutics 31:6, 1192-1208
CrossRef102
James M. Scheiman. (2009) Balancing Risks and Benefits of Cyclooxygenase-2 Selective Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs. Gastroenterology Clinics of North America 38:2, 305-314
CrossRef103
Tsuguhiko Seo, Atsushi Tatsuguchi, Seiichi Shinji, Masaoki Yonezawa, Keigo Mitsui, Shu Tanaka, Shunji Fujimori, Katya Gudis, Yuh Fukuda, Choitsu Sakamoto. (2009) Microsomal prostaglandin E synthase protein levels correlate with prognosis in colorectal cancer patients. Virchows Archiv 454:6, 667-676
CrossRef104
Yubin Hao, Tianpei Xie, Alexandru Korotcov, Yanfei Zhou, Xiaowu Pang, Liang Shan, Hongguang Ji, Rajagopalan Sridhar, Paul Wang, Joseph Califano, Xinbin Gu. (2009) Salvianolic acid B inhibits growth of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in vitro and in vivo via cyclooxygenase-2 and apoptotic pathways. International Journal of Cancer 124:9, 2200-2209
CrossRef105
Michael E. Farkouh, Bruce P. Greenberg. (2009) An Evidence-Based Review of the Cardiovascular Risks of Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs. The American Journal of Cardiology 103:9, 1227-1237
CrossRef106
Cesare Hassan, Perry J. Pickhardt, Emilio Di Giulio, David H. Kim, Angelo Zullo, Sergio Morini. (2009) Cost-Effectiveness of Early One-Year Colonoscopy Surveillance After Polypectomy. Diseases of the Colon & Rectum 52:5, 964-971
CrossRef107
Matthew C. Becker, Thomas H. Wang, Lisa Wisniewski, Kathy Wolski, Peter Libby, Thomas F. Lüscher, Jeffrey S. Borer, Alice M. Mascette, M. Elaine Husni, Daniel H. Solomon, David Y. Graham, Neville D. Yeomans, Henry Krum, Frank Ruschitzka, A. Michael Lincoff, Steven E. Nissen. (2009) Rationale, design, and governance of Prospective Randomized Evaluation of Celecoxib Integrated Safety versus Ibuprofen Or Naproxen (PRECISION), a cardiovascular end point trial of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agents in patients with arthritis. American Heart Journal 157:4, 606-612
CrossRef108
María Elena Martínez, John A. Baron, David A. Lieberman, Arthur Schatzkin, Elaine Lanza, Sidney J. Winawer, Ann G. Zauber, Ruiyun Jiang, Dennis J. Ahnen, John H. Bond, Timothy R. Church, Douglas J. Robertson, Stephanie A. Smith–Warner, Elizabeth T. Jacobs, David S. Alberts, E. Robert Greenberg. (2009) A Pooled Analysis of Advanced Colorectal Neoplasia Diagnoses After Colonoscopic Polypectomy. Gastroenterology 136:3, 832-841
CrossRef109
Lawrence D. Recht, Griffith Harsh, Harvey J. Cohen. (2009) The rationale for early detection and treatment of brain tumors in survivors of childhood cancer. Oncology Reviews 3:1, 51-57
CrossRef110
A. ROSTOM, P. MOAYYEDI, R. HUNT, . (2009) Canadian consensus guidelines on long-term nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug therapy and the need for gastroprotection: benefits versus risks. Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics 29:5, 481-496
CrossRef111
William N. William, John V. Heymach, Edward S. Kim, Scott M. Lippman. (2009) Molecular targets for cancer chemoprevention. Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 8:3, 213-225
CrossRef112
Elizabeth M. Poole, Jeannette Bigler, John Whitton, Justin G. Sibert, John D. Potter, Cornelia M. Ulrich. (2009) C-reactive protein genotypes and haplotypes, polymorphisms in NSAID-metabolizing enzymes, and risk of colorectal polyps. Pharmacogenetics and Genomics 19:2, 113-120
CrossRef113
Lawrence J. Marnett. (2009) The COXIB Experience: A Look in the Rearview Mirror. Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology 49:1, 265-290
CrossRef114
A. Greenhough, H. J.M. Smartt, A. E. Moore, H. R. Roberts, A. C. Williams, C. Paraskeva, A. Kaidi. (2009) The COX-2/PGE2 pathway: key roles in the hallmarks of cancer and adaptation to the tumour microenvironment. Carcinogenesis 30:3, 377-386
CrossRef115
Angel Lanas, Angel Ferrandez. (2009) NSAIDs and the colon. Current Opinion in Gastroenterology 25:1, 44-49
CrossRef116
Sarab Kraus, Nadir Arber. (2009) Rofecoxib and cardiovascular adverse effects: New insights. Current Colorectal Cancer Reports 5:1, 3-4
CrossRef117
Yoshimasa Saito, Hidekazu Suzuki, Toshifumi Hibi. (2009) The role of microRNAs in gastrointestinal cancers. Journal of Gastroenterology 44:S19, 18-22
CrossRef118
Natsuko KUSUNOKI, Shinichi KAWAI. (2009) Rinsho yakuri/Japanese Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics 40:1, 29-34
CrossRef119
Tetsuji Takayama, Takahiro Goji, Tatsuya Taniguchi, Atsushi Inoue. (2009) Chemoprevention of colorectal cancer -experimental and clinical aspects-. The Journal of Medical Investigation 56:1,2, 1-5
CrossRef120
Michael J. Hall. (2009) Single nucleotide polymorphisms and colorectal neoplasia risk: Updates and impact. Current Colorectal Cancer Reports 5:1, 15-23
CrossRef121
Frank Bergmann, Marco Breinig, Michael Höpfner, Ralf J Rieker, Lars Fischer, Christian Köhler, Irene Esposito, Jörg Kleeff, Esther Herpel, Volker Ehemann, Helmut Friess, Peter Schirmacher, Michael A Kern. (2009) Expression Pattern and Functional Relevance of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor and Cyclooxygenase-2: Novel Chemotherapeutic Targets in Pancreatic Endocrine Tumors?. The American Journal of Gastroenterology 104:1, 171-181
CrossRef122
Ann-Sofie Johansson, Sven-Christian Pawelzik, Åsa Larefalk, Per-Johan Jakobsson, Dan Holmberg, Magnus Lindskog. (2009) Lymphoblastic T-cell lymphoma in mice is unaffected by Celecoxib as single agent or in combination with cyclophosphamide. Leukemia & Lymphoma 50:7, 1198-1203
CrossRef123
Paul F. Pinsky, Robert E. Schoen, Joel L. Weissfeld, Timothy Church, Lance A. Yokochi, V. Paul Doria–Rose, Philip Prorok. (2009) The Yield of Surveillance Colonoscopy by Adenoma History and Time to Examination. Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology 7:1, 86-92
CrossRef124
K. S. Garman, C. R. Acharya, E. Edelman, M. Grade, J. Gaedcke, S. Sud, W. Barry, A. M. Diehl, D. Provenzale, G. S. Ginsburg, B. M. Ghadimi, T. Ried, J. R. Nevins, S. Mukherjee, D. Hsu, A. Potti. (2008) A genomic approach to colon cancer risk stratification yields biologic insights into therapeutic opportunities. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 105:49, 19432-19437
CrossRef125
Scott M. Lippman. (2008) The Future of Molecular-Targeted Cancer Chemoprevention. Gastroenterology 135:6, 1834-1841
CrossRef126
Natalia A. Ignatenko, David G. Besselsen, David E. Stringer, Karen A. Blohm-Mangone, Haiyan Cui, Eugene W. Gerner. (2008) Combination Chemoprevention of Intestinal Carcinogenesis in a Murine Model of Familial Adenomatous Polyposis. Nutrition and Cancer 60:sup1, 30-35
CrossRef127
László Herszényi, Fabio Farinati, Pál Miheller, Zsolt Tulassay. (2008) Chemoprevention of colorectal cancer: feasibility in everyday practice?. European Journal of Cancer Prevention 17:6, 502-514
CrossRef128
Shirish M. Gadgeel, Antoinette Wozniak, John C. Ruckdeschel, Lance K. Heilbrun, Raghu Venkatramanamoorthy, Ruth A. Chaplen, Michael J. Kraut, Gregory P. Kalemkerian. (2008) Phase II Study of Docetaxel and Celecoxib, a Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibitor, in Elderly or Poor Performance Status (PS2) Patients with Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer. Journal of Thoracic Oncology 3:11, 1293-1300
CrossRef129
Samir Gupta. (2008) Colorectal Polyps: The Scope and Management of the Problem. The American Journal of the Medical Sciences 336:5, 407-417
CrossRef130
Cesare Hassan, Emilio Di Giulio, Perry J. Pickhardt, Angelo Zullo, Andrea Laghi, David H. Kim, Franco Iafrate, Sergio Morini. (2008) Cost Effectiveness of Colonoscopy, Based on the Appropriateness of an Indication. Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology 6:11, 1231-1236
CrossRef131
D. W. Rosenberg, C. Giardina, T. Tanaka. (2008) Mouse models for the study of colon carcinogenesis. Carcinogenesis 30:2, 183-196
CrossRef132
Antoni Castells. (2008) Adenomas colorrectales: estrategias de vigilancia tras polipectomía y quimioprevención. Gastroenterología y Hepatología 31, 57-61
CrossRef133
Shin ei Kudo, René Lambert, John I. Allen, Hiroaki Fujii, Takahiro Fujii, Hiroshi Kashida, Takahisa Matsuda, Masaki Mori, Hiroshi Saito, Tadakazu Shimoda, Shinji Tanaka, Hidenobu Watanabe, Joseph J. Sung, Andrew D. Feld, John M. Inadomi, Michael J. O'Brien, David A. Lieberman, David F. Ransohoff, Roy M. Soetikno, George Triadafilopoulos, Ann Zauber, Claudio Rolim Teixeira, Jean François Rey, Edgar Jaramillo, Carlos A. Rubio, Andre Van Gossum, Michael Jung, Michael Vieth, Jeremy R. Jass, Paul D. Hurlstone. (2008) Nonpolypoid neoplastic lesions of the colorectal mucosa. Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 68:4, S3-S47
CrossRef134
Chin Hur, Darcy E. Broughton, Elissa Ozanne, Patrick Yachimski, Norman S. Nishioka, G. Scott Gazelle. (2008) Patient Preferences for the Chemoprevention of Esophageal Adenocarcinoma in Barrett's Esophagus. The American Journal of Gastroenterology 103:10, 2432-2442
CrossRef135
W. Jaksch, C. Dejaco, M. Schirmer. (2008) 4 years after withdrawal of rofecoxib: where do we stand today?. Rheumatology International 28:12, 1187-1195
CrossRef136
Robert L. Barclay, Joseph J. Vicari, Roger L. Greenlaw. (2008) Effect of a Time-Dependent Colonoscopic Withdrawal Protocol on Adenoma Detection During Screening Colonoscopy. Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology 6:10, 1091-1098
CrossRef137
Hang Xiao, Chung S. Yang. (2008) Combination regimen with statins and NSAIDs: A promising strategy for cancer chemoprevention. International Journal of Cancer 123:5, 983-990
CrossRef138
Ajay Goel, Sonia Jhurani, Bharat B. Aggarwal. (2008) Multi-targeted therapy by curcumin: how spicy is it?. Molecular Nutrition & Food Research 52:9, 1010-1030
CrossRef139
Afraa Zrieki, Robert Farinotti, Marion Buyse. (2008) Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors Down Regulate P-glycoprotein in Human Colorectal Caco-2 Cell Line. Pharmaceutical Research 25:9, 1991-2001
CrossRef140
Stephen E. Attwood, Lea-Anne Harrison, Sean L. Preston, Janusz A. Jankowski. (2008) Esophageal Adenocarcinoma in “Mice and Men”: Back to Basics!. The American Journal of Gastroenterology 103:9, 2367-2372
CrossRef141
Konstantinos K. Tsilidis, Casey Branchini, Eliseo Guallar, Kathy J. Helzlsouer, Thomas P. Erlinger, Elizabeth A. Platz. (2008) C‐reactive protein and colorectal cancer risk: A systematic review of prospective studies. International Journal of Cancer 123:5, 1133-1140
CrossRef142
Konstantinos K. Tsilidis, Thomas P. Erlinger, Nader Rifai, Sandy Hoffman, Judy Hoffman-Bolton, Kathy J. Helzlsouer, Elizabeth A. Platz. (2008) C-reactive protein and colorectal adenoma in the CLUE II cohort. Cancer Causes & Control 19:6, 559-567
CrossRef143
J T Cross, E M Poole, C M Ulrich. (2008) A review of gene-drug interactions for nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug use in preventing colorectal neoplasia. The Pharmacogenomics Journal 8:4, 237-247
CrossRef144
M. M. Asgari, S. S. Maruti, E. White. (2008) A Large Cohort Study of Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drug Use and Melanoma Incidence. JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute 100:13, 967-971
CrossRef145
Denis A Poddubnyy, In-Ho Song, Joachim Sieper. (2008) The safety of celecoxib in ankylosing spondylitis treatment. Expert Opinion on Drug Safety 7:4, 401-409
CrossRef146
Young Hee Rho, Annette Oeser, Cecilia P. Chung, Jason D. Morrow, C. Michael Stein. (2008) Drugs to Treat Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Relationship between Current Use and Cardiovascular Risk Factors. Archives of Drug Information 1:1, 23-28
CrossRef147
R.V. Frolov, M.M. Slaughter, S. Singh. (2008) Effects of celecoxib on ionic currents and spontaneous firing in rat retinal neurons. Neuroscience 154:4, 1525-1532
CrossRef148
Mohsin Farooq, I Haq, Amer S Qureshi. (2008) Cardiovascular risks of COX inhibition: current perspectives. Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy 9:8, 1311-1319
CrossRef149
Sjef van der Linden. (2008) Issues in the Treatment of Ankylosing Spondylitis with Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs. Wiener Medizinische Wochenschrift 158:7-8, 195-199
CrossRef150
Francesco Cipollone, Giancarlo Cicolini, Marco Bucci. (2008) Cyclooxygenase and prostaglandin synthases in atherosclerosis: Recent insights and future perspectives. Pharmacology & Therapeutics 118:2, 161-180
CrossRef151
C. J. Smith, G. A. McKay, M. Fisher. (2008) Diabetes, colorectal cancer and cyclooxygenase 2 inhibition. International Journal of Clinical Practice 62:5, 810-815
CrossRef152
Hang Xiao, Qiang Zhang, Yong Lin, Bandaru S. Reddy, Chung S. Yang. (2008) Combination of atorvastatin and celecoxib synergistically induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in colon cancer cells. International Journal of Cancer 122:9, 2115-2124
CrossRef153
Michał Spychalski, Łukasz Dziki, Jarosław Buczyński, Andrzej Kulig, Stanisław Sporny, Adam Dziki. (2008) Celecoxib - A Selective Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibitor Exhibits Dose - Dependent Chemopreventive Activity on an Animal Model of Colorectal Cancer<sup>*</sup>. Polish Journal of Surgery 80:5, 248-255
CrossRef154
Eva Szabo. (2008) Primer: first do no harm—when is it appropriate to plan a cancer prevention clinical trial?. Nature Clinical Practice Oncology
CrossRef155
Marianna Alacqua, Gianluca Trifirò, Lorenzo Cavagna, Roberto Caporali, Carlo Maurizio Montecucco, Salvatore Moretti, Domenico Ugo Tari, Mariella Galdo, Achille P. Caputi, Vincenzo Arcoraci. (2008) Prescribing pattern of drugs in the treatment of osteoarthritis in italian general practice: The effect of rofecoxib withdrawal. Arthritis & Rheumatism 59:4, 568-574
CrossRef156
James M. Scheiman. (2008) Prevention of NSAID-induced ulcers. Current Treatment Options in Gastroenterology 11:2, 125-134
CrossRef157
Nadir Arber, Bernard Levin. (2008) Chemoprevention of Colorectal Neoplasia: The Potential for Personalized Medicine. Gastroenterology 134:4, 1224-1237
CrossRef158
I. H. Song, D. A. Poddubnyy, M. Rudwaleit, J. Sieper. (2008) Benefits and risks of ankylosing spondylitis treatment with nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs. Arthritis & Rheumatism 58:4, 929-938
CrossRef159
Shaojun Shi, Ulrich Klotz. (2008) Clinical use and pharmacological properties of selective COX-2 inhibitors. European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 64:3, 233-252
CrossRef160
Patrick M. Lynch. (2008) Chemoprevention with special reference to inherited colorectal cancer. Familial Cancer 7:1, 59-64
CrossRef161
M Gallicchio, A C Rosa, C Dianzani, L Brucato, E Benetti, M Collino, R Fantozzi. (2008) Celecoxib decreases expression of the adhesion molecules ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 in a colon cancer cell line (HT29). British Journal of Pharmacology 153:5, 870-878
CrossRef162
C. Pox, S. Schmiegel. (2008) Vorsorge/Prävention. Der Gastroenterologe 3:2, 100-105
CrossRef163
Shervin Rabizadeh, Cynthia Sears. (2008) New horizons for the infectious diseases specialist: How gut microflora promote health and disease. Current Infectious Disease Reports 10:2, 92-98
CrossRef164
A. Agrawal, I. S. Fentiman. (2008) NSAIDs and breast cancer: a possible prevention and treatment strategy. International Journal of Clinical Practice 62:3, 444-449
CrossRef165
Nora Manoukian Forones, Kharen Yaemi Kawamura, Helena Regina Comodo Segreto, Ricardo Artigiani Neto, Gustavo Rubino Azevedo Focchi, Celina Tizuko Fujiyama Oshima. (2008) Expression of COX-2 in Stomach Carcinogenesis. Journal of Gastrointestinal Cancer 39:1-4, 4-10
CrossRef166
Naoyuki Ueda, Yoshihiko Maehara, Osamu Tajima, Shinji Tabata, Keiji Wakabayashi, Suminori Kono. (2008) Genetic polymorphisms of cyclooxygenase-2 and colorectal adenoma risk: The Self Defense Forces Health Study. Cancer Science 99:3, 576-581
CrossRef167
Carla R. Scanzello, Neal K. Moskowitz, Allan Gibofsky. (2008) The Post-NSAID Era: What to use now for the pharmacologic treatment of pain and inflammation in osteoarthritis. Current Rheumatology Reports 10:1, 49-56
CrossRef168
Axel H Schönthal, Thomas C Chen, Florence M Hofman, Stan G Louie, Nicos A Petasis. (2008) Celecoxib analogs that lack COX-2 inhibitory function: preclinical development of novel anticancer drugs. Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs 17:2, 197-208
CrossRef169
Srivani Ravoori, Yi Feng, Jason R. Neale, Jeyaprakash Jeyabalan, Cidambi Srinivasan, David W. Hein, Ramesh C. Gupta. (2008) Dose-dependent reduction of 3,2′-dimethyl-4-aminobiphenyl-derived DNA adducts in colon and liver of rats administered celecoxib. Mutation Research/Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis 638:1-2, 103-109
CrossRef170
M Fukata, M T Abreu. (2008) Role of Toll-like receptors in gastrointestinal malignancies. Oncogene 27:2, 234-243
CrossRef171
P.J. Loehrer. (2008) Celecoxib for the Prevention of Sporadic Colorectal Adenomas. Yearbook of Medicine 2008, 146-147
CrossRef172
P.J. Loehrer. (2008) Celecoxib for the Prevention of Colorectal Adenomatous Polyps. Yearbook of Medicine 2008, 145-146
CrossRef173
Guido T. Bommer, Eric R. Fearon. 2008. Molecular Abnormalities in Colon and Rectal Cancer. , 409-421.
CrossRef174
Raymond C Harris. (2008) An update on cyclooxygenase-2 expression and metabolites in the kidney. Current Opinion in Nephrology and Hypertension 17:1, 64-69
CrossRef175
Marta L Capone, Stefania Tacconelli, Luigia Di Francesco, Maria Petrelli, Paola Patrignani. (2008) Cardiovascular effects of valdecoxib: transducing human pharmacology results into clinical read-outs. Expert Opinion on Drug Safety 7:1, 29-42
CrossRef176
Jenny Pettersson, Pernilla Christina Karlsson, Ulf Göransson, Joseph James Rafter, Lars Bohlin. (2008) The Flavouring Phytochemical 2-Pentanone Reduces Prostaglandin Production and COX-2 Expression in Colon Cancer Cells. Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin 31:3, 534-537
CrossRef177
Mark A. Hull. (2008) Molecular pathways leading to cancer as a basis for preventive strategies. Current Colorectal Cancer Reports 4:1, 43-47
CrossRef178
William B. White. (2007) Cardiovascular risk, hypertension, and NSAIDs. Current Pain and Headache Reports 11:6, 428-435
CrossRef179
Girish P. Joshi, Ralph Gertler, Ruth Fricker. (2007) Cardiovascular Thromboembolic Adverse Effects Associated with Cyclooxygenase-2 Selective Inhibitors and Nonselective Antiinflammatory Drugs. Anesthesia & Analgesia 105:6, 1793-1804
CrossRef180
Takashi Fujimura, Tetsuo Ohta, Katsunobu Oyama, Tomoharu Miyashita, Kochi Miwa. (2007) Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in Carcinogenesis and Selective COX-2 Inhibitors for Chemoprevention in Gastrointestinal Cancers. Journal of Gastrointestinal Cancer 38:2-4, 78-82
CrossRef181
Carla R. Scanzello, Neal K. Moskowitz, Allan Gibofsky. (2007) The post-NSAID era: What to use now for the pharmacologic treatment of pain and inflammation in osteoarthritis. Current Pain and Headache Reports 11:6, 415-422
CrossRef182
Masayuki Fukata, Anli Chen, Arunan S. Vamadevan, Jason Cohen, Keith Breglio, Suneeta Krishnareddy, David Hsu, Ruliang Xu, Noam Harpaz, Andrew J. Dannenberg, Kotha Subbaramaiah, Harry S. Cooper, Steven H. Itzkowitz, Maria T. Abreu. (2007) Toll-Like Receptor-4 Promotes the Development of Colitis-Associated Colorectal Tumors. Gastroenterology 133:6, 1869-1869.e14
CrossRef183
Gayle McKellar, Rajan Madhok, Gurkirpal Singh. (2007) The problem with NSAIDs: What data to believe?. Current Pain and Headache Reports 11:6, 423-427
CrossRef184
Morgan Rouprêt. (2007) Anatomical location of urothelial carcinomas of the urinary tract leads to perspectives of specific treatment. Future Oncology 3:6, 595-599
CrossRef185
Alexandra Acco, Mário Henrique da Rocha Alves da Silva, Márcia Regina Batista, Nair Seiko Yamamoto, Adelar Bracht. (2007) Action of Celecoxib on Hepatic Metabolic Changes Induced by the Walker-256 Tumour in Rats. Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology 101:5, 294-300
CrossRef186
Ulla Vogel, Jane Christensen, Marianne Dybdahl, Søren Friis, Rikke D. Hansen, Håkan Wallin, Bjørn A. Nexø, Ole Raaschou-Nielsen, Paal S. Andersen, Kim Overvad, Anne Tjønneland. (2007) Prospective study of interaction between alcohol, NSAID use and polymorphisms in genes involved in the inflammatory response in relation to risk of colorectal cancer. Mutation Research/Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis 624:1-2, 88-100
CrossRef187
David Z. J. Chu, Glen Gibson, Donald David, Yun Yen. (2007) The Surgeon’s Role in Cancer Prevention. The Model in Colorectal Carcinoma. Annals of Surgical Oncology 14:11, 3054-3069
CrossRef188
Nicholas James. (2007) Cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors and prostate cancer. The Lancet Oncology 8:10, 859-860
CrossRef189
Jonathan M. Bock, Sarita G. Menon, Prabhat C. Goswami, Lori L. Sinclair, Nichole S. Bedford, Frederick E. Domann, Douglas K. Trask. (2007) Relative non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) antiproliferative activity is mediated through p21-induced G1 arrest and E2F inhibition. Molecular Carcinogenesis 46:10, 857-864
CrossRef190
David A. Lieberman, David G. Weiss, William V. Harford, Dennis J. Ahnen, Dawn Provenzale, Stephen J. Sontag, Thomas G. Schnell, Gregorio Chejfec, Donald R. Campbell, Jayashri Kidao, John H. Bond, Douglas B. Nelson, George Triadafilopoulos, Francisco C. Ramirez, Judith F. Collins, Tiina K. Johnston, Kenneth R. McQuaid, Harinder Garewal, Richard E. Sampliner, Romeo Esquivel, Douglas Robertson. (2007) Five-Year Colon Surveillance After Screening Colonoscopy. Gastroenterology 133:4, 1077-1085
CrossRef191
Nabil F. Saba, Anthea Hammond, Dong M. Shin, Fadlo R. Khuri. (2007) Moving Toward Bioadjuvant Approaches to Head and Neck Cancer Prevention. International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics 69:2, S132-S135
CrossRef192
Burkhard Hinz, Bertold Renner, Kay Brune. (2007) Drug Insight: cyclo-oxygenase-2 inhibitors—a critical appraisal. Nature Clinical Practice Rheumatology 3:10, 552-560
CrossRef193
Lisa K. Hicks, Andreas Laupacis, Arthur S. Slutsky. (2007) A primer on data safety monitoring boards: mission, methods, and controversies. Intensive Care Medicine 33:10, 1815-1818
CrossRef194
David K. Gaffney, Kathryn Winter, Adam P. Dicker, Brigitte Miller, Patricia J. Eifel, Janice Ryu, Vilija Avizonis, Mitch Fromm, William Small, Kathryn Greven. (2007) Efficacy and Patterns of Failure for Locally Advanced Cancer of the Cervix Treated With Celebrex (Celecoxib) and Chemoradiotherapy in RTOG 0128. International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics 69:1, 111-117
CrossRef195
Keli Gu, Lanrong Bi, Ming Zhao, Chao Wang, Jingfang Ju, Shiqi Peng. (2007) Toward the development of chemoprevention agents. Part II: Chemo-enzymatic synthesis and anti-inflammatory activities of a new class of 5-amino-2-substitutedphenyl-1,3-dioxacycloalkanes. Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry 15:18, 6273-6290
CrossRef196
Marlyn Lorenzo. (2007) Rheumatoid Arthritis. Foot and Ankle Clinics of North America 12:3, 525-537
CrossRef197
Yana Vinogradova, Julia Hippisley–Cox, Carol Coupland, Richard F. Logan. (2007) Risk of Colorectal Cancer in Patients Prescribed Statins, Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs, and Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibitors: Nested Case-Control Study. Gastroenterology 133:2, 393-402
CrossRef198
E. W. Gerner, F. L. Meyskens, S. Goldschmid, P. Lance, D. Pelot. (2007) Rationale for, and design of, a clinical trial targeting polyamine metabolism for colon cancer chemoprevention. Amino Acids 33:2, 189-195
CrossRef199
Renzo Cini, Gabriella Tamasi, Sandra Defazio, Michael B. Hursthouse. (2007) Unusual coordinating behavior by three non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs from the oxicam family towards copper(II). Synthesis, X-ray structure for copper(II)–isoxicam, –meloxicam and –cinnoxicam-derivative complexes, and cytotoxic activity for a copper(II)–piroxicam complex. Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry 101:8, 1140-1152
CrossRef200
Sachin Wani, Prateek Sharma. (2007) The Role of Chemoprevention in Barrett Esophagus and Esophageal Adenocarcinoma. Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology 41:Supplement 2, S135-S140
CrossRef201
Gary J. Kelloff, Caroline C. Sigman. (2007) Assessing intraepithelial neoplasia and drug safety in cancer-preventive drug development. Nature Reviews Cancer 7:7, 508-518
CrossRef202
A. Bardia, J. O. Ebbert, R. A. Vierkant, P. J. Limburg, K. Anderson, A. H. Wang, J. E. Olson, C. M. Vachon, J. R. Cerhan. (2007) Association of Aspirin and Nonaspirin Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs With Cancer Incidence and Mortality. JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute 99:11, 881-889
CrossRef203
Francesca Bianchini, Daniela Massi, Chiara Marconi, Alessandro Franchi, Gianna Baroni, Marco Santucci, Antonella Mannini, Gabriele Mugnai, Lido Calorini. (2007) Expression of cyclo-oxygenase-2 in macrophages associated with cutaneous melanoma at different stages of progression. Prostaglandins & Other Lipid Mediators 83:4, 320-328
CrossRef204
M. Lazzaroni, A. Battocchia, G. Bianchi Porro. (2007) COXIBs and non-selective NSAIDs in the gastroenterological setting: What should patients and physicians do?. Digestive and Liver Disease 39:6, 589-596
CrossRef205
Chan, Andrew T., Ogino, Shuji, Fuchs, Charles S., . (2007) Aspirin and the Risk of Colorectal Cancer in Relation to the Expression of COX-2. New England Journal of Medicine 356:21, 2131-2142
Full Text206
Markowitz, Sanford D., . (2007) Aspirin and Colon Cancer — Targeting Prevention?. New England Journal of Medicine 356:21, 2195-2198
Full Text207
Monica M Bertagnolli. (2007) Chemoprevention of colorectal cancer with cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors: two steps forward, one step back. The Lancet Oncology 8:5, 439-443
CrossRef208
Antoni Castells, Francesc Balaguer, Victòria Gonzalo, Sergi Castellví-Bel. (2007) Ciclooxigenasa 2 y cáncer colorrectal: implicaciones terapéuticas. Gastroenterología y Hepatología 30:5, 280-284
CrossRef209
Brian J. Markle, Jay L. Goldstein. (2007) ON THE OTHER HAND(S)??????. Evidence-Based Gastroenterology 8:2, 35-36
CrossRef210
James M Scheiman, A Mark Fendrick. (2007) Summing the risk of NSAID therapy. The Lancet 369:9573, 1580-1581
CrossRef211
Julia L. Shamshina, Timothy S. Snowden. (2007) Convergent synthesis of potent COX-2 inhibitor inotilone. Tetrahedron Letters 48:22, 3767-3769
CrossRef212
Enrico Flossmann, Peter M Rothwell. (2007) Effect of aspirin on long-term risk of colorectal cancer: consistent evidence from randomised and observational studies. The Lancet 369:9573, 1603-1613
CrossRef213
William B. White. (2007) Cardiovascular risk, hypertension, and NSAIDs. Current Rheumatology Reports 9:1, 36-43
CrossRef214
Shirish M. Gadgeel, John C. Ruckdeschel, Elisabeth I. Heath, Lance K. Heilbrun, Raghu Venkatramanamoorthy, Antoinette Wozniak. (2007) Phase II Study of Gefitinib, an Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor (EGFR-TKI), and Celecoxib, a Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) Inhibitor, in Patients with Platinum Refractory Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC). Journal of Thoracic Oncology 2:4, 299-305
CrossRef215
Scott D Solomon. (2007) Cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors and cardiovascular risk. Current Opinion in Internal Medicine 6:1, 26-30
CrossRef216
Adriana Albini, Michael B. Sporn. (2007) The tumour microenvironment as a target for chemoprevention. Nature Reviews Cancer 7:2,
CrossRef217
Yong I. Cha, Raymond N. DuBois. (2007) NSAIDs and Cancer Prevention: Targets Downstream of COX-2. Annual Review of Medicine 58:1, 239-252
CrossRef218
Patrick M. Lynch. (2007) The role of aspirin in the prevention of polyp recurrence: What is the right dose?. Current Colorectal Cancer Reports 3:1, 24-28
CrossRef219
Asad Umar, Ellen Richmond, Donna J. Griebel. (2007) Colorectal cancer prevention: Diet, drugs, or nothing. Current Colorectal Cancer Reports 3:1, 16-23
CrossRef220
David Henry, Patricia McGettigan. (2007) Selective COX-2 Inhibitors: A Promise Unfulfilled?. Gastroenterology 132:2, 790-794
CrossRef221
Elizabeth Half, Frank A. Sinicrope. (2007) Current status of colorectal cancer chemoprevention. Current Colorectal Cancer Reports 3:1, 39-48
CrossRef222
Patrick M. Lynch. (2007) Prevention of Colorectal Cancer in High-Risk Populations: The Increasing Role for Endoscopy and Chemoprevention in FAP and HNPCC. Digestion 76:1, 68-76
CrossRef223
W.J. Elliott. (2007) Adverse Effects of Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors on Renal and Arrhythmia Events: Meta-analysis of Randomized Trials. Yearbook of Cardiology 2007, 55-57
CrossRef224
Shingo TSUJI. (2007) Rinsho yakuri/Japanese Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics 38:4, 213-218
CrossRef225
Robert S Bresalier. (2007) Chemoprevention of colorectal neoplasia: advances and controversies (the COX-2 story). Current Opinion in Gastroenterology 23:1, 44-47
CrossRef226
B.H. Thiers. (2007) Celecoxib for the Prevention of Colorectal Adenomatous Polyps. Yearbook of Dermatology and Dermatologic Surgery 2007, 252-253
CrossRef227
Yutaka Kawahito. (2007) Clinical implications of cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors. Inflammation and Regeneration 27:6, 552-558
CrossRef228
James E Frampton, Gillian M Keating. (2007) Celecoxib. Drugs 67:16, 2433-2472
CrossRef229
M.L. Kochman. (2007) Celecoxib for the Prevention of Colorectal Adenomatous Polyps. Yearbook of Gastroenterology 2007, 77-79
CrossRef230
Zhongxing Liao, Kathryn A Mason, Luka Milas. (2007) Cyclo-Oxygenase-2 and its Inhibition in Cancer. Drugs 67:6, 821-845
CrossRef231
Debasish Das, Nadir Arber, Janusz A. Jankowski. (2007) Chemoprevention of Colorectal Cancer. Digestion 76:1, 51-67
CrossRef232
Luis A. García Rodríguez, Antonio González-Péreza. (2007) Cardiovascular Safety of Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs. Lights and Shadows. Reumatolog ía Cl ínica (English Edition) 3:3, 95-97
CrossRef233
Levine, Joel S., Ahnen, Dennis J., . (2006) Adenomatous Polyps of the Colon. New England Journal of Medicine 355:24, 2551-2557
Full Text234
Lieberman, David, . (2006) A Call to Action — Measuring the Quality of Colonoscopy. New England Journal of Medicine 355:24, 2588-2589
Full Text235
Kenneth E. Hung, Daniel C. Chung. (2006) New insights into the molecular pathogenesis of colorectal cancer. Drug Discovery Today: Disease Mechanisms 3:4, 439-445
CrossRef236
(2006) Celecoxib in sporadic colorectal adenomas. Nature Clinical Practice Oncology 3:12, 647-648
CrossRef237
Patrick M. Lynch. (2006) Is the Demonstration of Adenoma Reduction With Rofecoxib a Pyrrhic Victory?. Gastroenterology 131:6, 2003-2005
CrossRef238
John A. Baron, Robert S. Sandler, Robert S. Bresalier, Hui Quan, Robert Riddell, Angel Lanas, James A. Bolognese, Bettina Oxenius, Kevin Horgan, Susan Loftus, Dion G. Morton. (2006) A Randomized Trial of Rofecoxib for the Chemoprevention of Colorectal Adenomas. Gastroenterology 131:6, 1674-1682
CrossRef239
Elizabeth E Half, Nadir Arber. (2006) Chemoprevention of colorectal cancer: two steps forward, one step back?. Future Oncology 2:6, 697-704
CrossRef240
(2006) Risks and Benefits of Celecoxib to Prevent Colorectal Adenomas. New England Journal of Medicine 355:22, 2371-2373
Full Text241
Eva Szabo. (2006) Selecting targets for cancer prevention: where do we go from here?. Nature Reviews Cancer 6:11, 867-874
CrossRef242
(2006) Chemoprevention with cox2 inhibitors?. Nature Reviews Cancer 6:10, 748-748
CrossRef243
Psaty, Bruce M., Potter, John D., . (2006) Risks and Benefits of Celecoxib to Prevent Recurrent Adenomas. New England Journal of Medicine 355:9, 950-952
Full Text244
Bertagnolli, Monica M., Eagle, Craig J., Zauber, Ann G., Redston, Mark, Solomon, Scott D., Kim, KyungMann, Tang, Jie, Rosenstein, Rebecca B., Wittes, Janet, Corle, Donald, Hess, Timothy M., Woloj, G. Mabel, Boisserie, FrédéricAnderson, William F., Viner, Jaye L., Bagheri, Donya, Burn, John, Chung, Daniel C., Dewar, Thomas, Foley, T. Raymond, Hoffman, Neville, Macrae, Finlay, Pruitt, Ronald E., Saltzman, John R., Salzberg, Bruce, Sylwestrowicz, Thomas, Gordon, Gary B., Hawk, Ernest T., . (2006) Celecoxib for the Prevention of Sporadic Colorectal Adenomas. New England Journal of Medicine 355:9, 873-884
Full Text245
Baruch Shpitz, Nis Giladi, Eyal Sagiv, Shahar Lev-Ari, Eliezer Liberman, Diana Kazanov, Nadir Arber. (2006) Celecoxib and Curcumin Additively Inhibit the Growth of Colorectal Cancer in a Rat Model. Digestion 74:3-4, 140-144
CrossRef246
Menachem Moshkowitz, Nadir Arber. (2006) Cyclo-Oxygenase-2 Inhibitors in Colorectal Cancer Prevention. American Journal of Cancer 5:6, 357-362
CrossRef
- Letters
