Original Article
Body-Mass Index and Mortality in Korean Men and Women
N Engl J Med 2006; 355:779-787August 24, 2006
- Abstract
Background
Obesity is associated with diverse health risks, but the role of body weight as a risk factor for death remains controversial.
Methods
We examined the association between body weight and the risk of death in a 12-year prospective cohort study of 1,213,829 Koreans between the ages of 30 and 95 years. We examined 82,372 deaths from any cause and 48,731 deaths from specific diseases (including 29,123 from cancer, 16,426 from atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, and 3362 from respiratory disease) in relation to the body-mass index (BMI) (the weight in kilograms divided by the square of the height in meters).
Results
In both sexes, the average baseline BMI was 23.2, and the rate of death from any cause had a J-shaped association with the BMI, regardless of cigarette-smoking history. The risk of death from any cause was lowest among patients with a BMI of 23.0 to 24.9. In all groups, the risk of death from respiratory causes was higher among subjects with a lower BMI, and the risk of death from atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease or cancer was higher among subjects with a higher BMI. The relative risk of death associated with BMI declined with increasing age.
Conclusions
Underweight, overweight, and obese men and women had higher rates of death than men and women of normal weight. The association of BMI with death varied according to the cause of death and was modified by age, sex, and smoking history.
Media in This Article
Figure 1
Hazard Ratios for Death from Any Cause and from Any Cause Except Respiratory, According to BMI and Smoking History.Figure 2
Hazard Ratios for Death from Cancer and from Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular and Respiratory Causes, According to BMI and Smoking History.Article Activity
- Article
Although obesity is widely accepted as an important health risk, the optimal body-mass index (BMI) (the weight in kilograms divided by the square of the height in meters) and the effects of being either underweight or overweight on the risk of death are controversial. In the Cancer Prevention Study (CPS) II,1 sponsored by the American Cancer Society, the rate of death was lowest among men with a BMI of 23.5 to 24.9 and among women with a BMI of 22.0 to 23.4; above and below these levels, the risk of death increased. However, being overweight was not associated with an increased risk of death in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) I, II, or III.2 The results of other studies have been mixed3,4 and may reflect differences in age, the number or extent of coexisting illnesses, and BMI distributions among subjects, as well as in analytic approaches.1,5
Since studies of the association between BMI and death have been conducted primarily in Western populations, it is uncertain whether the findings of these studies can be applied to other groups. Continental Asian populations have a higher percentage of body fat for a given BMI than do whites,6 and a World Health Organization (WHO) Expert Consultation proposed a new BMI cutoff of 23.0 for public health action in Asia.7 The use of this cutoff, however, was not directly supported by data on mortality.8,9 Indeed, deaths from any cause were lowest among men with a BMI of 24.0 to 24.9 and women with a BMI of 25.0 to 26.9 in a representative group of Chinese subjects.10,11
We conducted a prospective cohort study of BMI and the risk of death from any cause and from specific diseases in more than 1 million Koreans in the Korean Cancer Prevention Study (KCPS).12,13
Methods
Study Population
We enrolled 1,329,525 Koreans between the ages of 30 and 95 years who had undergone one biennial medical evaluation through the National Health Insurance Corporation between 1992 and 1995.12,13 Of the subjects, 784,870 (59.0 percent) were enrolled in 1992, 367,903 (27.7 percent) in 1993, 98,417 (7.4 percent) in 1994, and 78,335 (5.9 percent) in 1995.
To avoid confounding of the association between BMI and the risk of death by preexisting disease,14,15 904 subjects who died before January 1, 1993, were excluded from the study, as were 87,911 subjects who reported having atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, cancer, liver disease, diabetes, or a respiratory disease at or before the initial study visit. In addition, 26,881 subjects with missing information about BMI or alcohol intake and those with an extremely low BMI (less than 16.0) or short stature (1.30 m or less) were excluded. The final sample included 1,213,829 subjects.
Because the study involved data that were routinely collected, consent was not specifically obtained. The institutional review boards of Yonsei University and the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health approved the study.
Data Collection
Enrollees in the National Health Insurance Corporation undergo standardized examinations every two years at local hospitals. During visits between 1992 and 1995, subjects reported on their smoking habits and alcohol consumption, and weight and height measurements were recorded while subjects were wearing light clothing. Subjects were seated for blood-pressure measurement. Blood samples were obtained after an overnight fast for white-cell counts and clinical chemical analysis. Quality-control procedures were performed in accordance with the Korean Association of Laboratory Quality Control.
Follow-up and Outcome Classification
Deaths among subjects through December 31, 2004, were confirmed by matching the information to death records. Death certificates from the National Statistical Office were identified with the use of identification numbers assigned to subjects at birth. Abstractors coded causes of death according to the International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision.16 We used underlying causes as reported.
We attempted to minimize the effect of existing medical conditions on the baseline BMI by excluding all events that occurred among subjects during the first two years of follow-up. Thus, general follow-up began on January 1 of the third year after the baseline visit. In a sensitivity analysis, we excluded the first five years of follow-up.
Statistical Analysis
Proportional-hazards models were used to evaluate the association between the baseline BMI and death.17 The BMI was categorized as less than 18.5, 18.5 to 19.9, 20.0 to 21.4, 21.5 to 22.9, 23.0 to 24.9, 25.0 to 26.4, 26.5 to 27.9, 28.0 to 29.9, 30 to 31.9, or 32.0 or more. Analyses were performed separately in men and women and were adjusted for the following covariates: age at enrollment (continuous variable), alcohol intake (five categories based on grams consumed per day: 0, 1 to 24 g, 25 to 49 g, 50 to 99 g, and 100 g or more), and participation in regular physical activity (yes or no). Because the proportion of women who reported having smoked cigarettes was small, analyses in women were restricted to those who reported never having smoked. Analyses of men who reported having smoked were adjusted for smoking status (never smoked, former smoker, or current smoker) and the number of cigarettes smoked daily among current smokers (1 to 9, 10 to 19, and 20 or more).
Modification of the effect of BMI was assessed by the inclusion of interaction terms of BMI category indicators with indicator variables for sex, age (three categories), and smoking history (two categories, one consisting of current and former smokers and one of lifetime nonsmokers). All analyses were conducted with the use of SAS software, version 9 (SAS Institute).
Results
The average BMI was 23.2 for both sexes (Table 1Table 1
Baseline Characteristics of the Study Population.), and the majority of subjects had a BMI below 25.0. The BMI was below 18.5 in 2.2 percent of men and 4.7 percent of women; above 25.0 in 23.8 percent and 26.8 percent, respectively; and above 30.0 in 0.8 percent and 2.4 percent, respectively. Systolic blood pressure, total serum cholesterol, fasting serum glucose level, and white-cell count had strong, progressive associations with increasing BMIs (Table 2Table 2
Differences in Baseline Systolic Blood Pressure and Clinical Chemical Analyses, According to BMI.).During follow-up, 58,312 men died (including 22,249 from cancer, 10,486 from atherosclerotic cardiovascular causes, and 2442 from respiratory causes) and 24,060 women died (including 6874 from cancer, 5940 from atherosclerotic cardiovascular causes, and 920 from respiratory causes). The shape of the curve showing the association between BMI and the risk of death from any cause was similar in men, regardless of their smoking history, and in women who reported never having smoked (Figure 1AFigure 1
Hazard Ratios for Death from Any Cause and from Any Cause Except Respiratory, According to BMI and Smoking History.). The hazard ratio was higher at the lowest and highest BMI values.Men with a BMI of 23.0 to 24.9 who reported never having smoked had the lowest risk of death from any cause (Table 1 of the Supplementary Appendix, available with the full text of this article at www.nejm.org). As compared with men with a BMI of 23.0 to 24.9, men who reported never having smoked had a hazard ratio for death from any cause of 1.29 (95 percent confidence interval, 1.15 to 1.44) in association with a BMI of less than 18.5, a hazard ratio of 1.04 (95 percent confidence interval, 0.98 to 1.10) in association with a BMI of 25.0 to 29.9, and a hazard ratio of 1.71 (95 percent confidence interval, 1.44 to 2.03) in association with a BMI of 30.0 or more. As compared with men with a BMI of 23.0 to 24.9, men who reported having smoked had a hazard ratio for death from any cause of 1.36 (95 percent confidence interval, 1.30 to 1.42) in association with a BMI of less than 18.5, a hazard ratio of 0.98 (95 percent confidence interval, 0.95 to 1.01) in association with a BMI of 25.0 to 29.9, and a hazard ratio of 1.31 (95 percent confidence interval, 1.18 to 1.45) in association with a BMI of 30.0 or more.
Among women (with the analysis restricted to those who reported never having smoked), the risk of death from any cause was lowest for those with a BMI of 23.0 to 24.9 and similar for those with a BMI of 20.0 to 26.4 (Figure 1A, and Table 2 of the Supplementary Appendix). As compared with women with a BMI of 23.0 to 24.9, women with a BMI of less than 18.5 had a hazard ratio for death from any cause of 1.17 (95 percent confidence interval, 1.09 to 1.26), women with a BMI of 25.0 to 29.9 had a hazard ratio of 1.04 (95 percent confidence interval, 1.00 to 1.08), and women with a BMI of 30.0 or more had a hazard ratio of 1.20 (95 percent confidence interval, 1.10 to 1.30).
The association between BMI and the risk of death according to the cause of death had a similar pattern of variation for both sexes (Figure 2Figure 2
Hazard Ratios for Death from Cancer and from Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular and Respiratory Causes, According to BMI and Smoking History., and Table 1 and Table 2 of the Supplementary Appendix). The risk of death from respiratory causes decreased progressively with increasing BMI, whereas the risk of death from atherosclerotic cardiovascular causes increased steadily with increasing BMI. The risk of death from cancer increased at a BMI above 26.0 to 28.0. Deaths from respiratory causes explained some of the increase in the risk of death at a low BMI (Figure 1B). For deaths associated with lung disease, the association between BMI and the risk of death was similar for the major categories of pulmonary illnesses, including tuberculosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, and pneumonia; the association persisted after the exclusion of the first five years of follow-up. With this exclusion, the hazard ratio for death from respiratory causes that was associated with a decrease in BMI of 1.0 was 1.26 (95 percent confidence interval, 1.20 to 1.31) among men who reported never having smoked, 1.25 (95 percent confidence interval, 1.22 to 1.27) among men who reported having smoked, and 1.08 (95 percent confidence interval, 1.05 to 1.12) among women.The relative increase in the risk of death from any cause that was associated with a high BMI was dependent on age (Figure 3Figure 3
Hazard Ratios for Death from Any Cause among Men and Women with No History of Smoking, According to Age Group and BMI.). For both sexes, the highest relative risks associated with a high BMI were observed among subjects younger than 50 years of age. An increase in BMI to more than 25.0 was not associated with an increased risk of death from any cause among men or women who were 65 years or older at baseline. The interaction between BMI and age was significant (P<0.001), as were interactions between BMI and sex and BMI and smoking history (P<0.001 for both).We explored whether the association between BMI and the risk of death from atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease could be explained by systolic blood pressure or levels of blood glucose or cholesterol. As expected, adjustment for these factors attenuated this association (Table 3Table 3
Hazard Ratios for Death from Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Causes, According to BMI.). Analyses of death from any cause, from cancer, and from respiratory causes adjusted for risk factors are shown in Tables 3, 4, and 5, respectively, of the Supplementary Appendix.Discussion
Our study confirms the findings of previous studies demonstrating that the relationship between death from any cause and BMI follows a J-shaped pattern.18 This curve reflects the association between BMI and the risk of death from all the major diseases. Among subjects with a low BMI, the increased risk was driven by respiratory and other causes, whereas among those with a high BMI, it was associated with cancer and cardiovascular diseases. Similar patterns were observed in smokers and those who reported never having smoked, implying that confounding by a history of smoking cannot explain the J-shaped relationship. This J-shaped risk relationship has been documented in several of the largest, but not all, cohorts.2,11 The patterns in the Korean, Chinese, and Western1,4 cohorts appear to be similar, suggesting that the risk of death associated with obesity among Asians is not apparent at lower BMI values, as compared with that among Western populations.
Because of the weight distribution of the subjects, the KCPS probably contains substantially more information about people with lower BMI values than do studies with Western cohorts. At a BMI of less than 18.5, hazard ratios for death were significantly increased, with the excess due, in part, to respiratory causes. In the Nurses' Health Study, Hu et al.5 showed that an increased risk in the leanest group was primarily due to an increase in COPD and cirrhosis. Other studies have also noted a substantially increased risk of death among subjects with a low BMI,1,2 although they did not provide information about the cause of death. He et al.10 identified an increased risk of death among underweight Chinese subjects, which persisted after the exclusion of subjects with baseline cardiovascular disease, cancer, renal disease, or COPD, and an increased risk of death during the first three years of follow-up. In the CPS II study, Calle et al.1 showed a greater increase in the risk of death associated with being underweight among those with a history of disease at enrollment than among those without such a history; relative risks in CPS II were similar to estimates in the KCPS for BMI values of less than 18.5. In NHANES,2 relative risks were higher overall (values were as high as 3.0 across the age and smoking strata), but analyses included subjects with coexisting illnesses and included deaths during the entire follow-up period.
To reduce the potential for attributing an excess risk of being underweight to weight loss associated with illness, we excluded from all analyses subjects reporting diagnoses of certain chronic diseases at enrollment, as well as during the first two years of follow-up, and we conducted sensitivity analyses that excluded the first five years of follow-up. Although this analytic strategy may be effective if the illness causing rapid weight loss leads to death, reverse causation may influence risk estimates if the disease course is lengthy and accompanied by weight loss.19 COPD has these characteristics, and subjects with more severe disease had greater weight loss over time.20 In several studies, after adjusting for lung function, the BMI remained a significant predictor of death.21,22 Thus, for COPD, the relationship between BMI and the risk of death may represent both reverse causation and a true causal role for body weight in determining prognosis. For tuberculosis, wasting at the time of diagnosis is a feature of the disease, and body weight predicts the short-term risk of death.23-25 The exclusion of the first two years of follow-up should address any acute contribution of active tuberculosis to body weight.
Since the distribution of respiratory causes of death may differ between Koreans and inhabitants of Western countries, it may not be possible to generalize our findings to other populations. Deaths from respiratory causes were due to tuberculosis in 19.3 percent of subjects, to pneumonia in 27.9 percent, to COPD in 27.8 percent, and to asthma in 24.7 percent.
For deaths from atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, the hazard ratio increased steadily with increasing BMI, similar to the findings in a smaller cohort study of insured Koreans.26 Information on selected cardiovascular risk factors showed an increasingly unfavorable profile with increasing BMI, but these risk factors alone did not explain the excess risk of death from atherosclerotic cardiovascular causes associated with obesity. Although misclassification of cardiovascular risk factors, particularly those that vary during follow-up, could partially explain the persistent risk, the metabolic syndrome, sleep-disordered breathing, and other consequences of increased BMI are also likely to contribute to the risk associated with cardiovascular disease. The association of BMI with the risk of death from atherosclerotic cardiovascular causes was substantial, as has been shown in many other studies.27 A few large cohorts provided reasonably precise estimates of the risk of death from cardiovascular causes according to BMI. Similar, progressive increases in risk associated with BMI were seen in some studies, including the Nurses' Health Study,5,14 nonsmokers in the Physicians' Health Study,4 and the CPS I,28 but not in others, including CPS II,1 a U.K. cohort of particularly lean people,29 men with cardiovascular disease in the Physicians' Health Study,30 and a representative sample of Chinese men and women.11
The risk of death from cancer increased slightly among overweight men and women and more substantially among subjects with a BMI above 30.0 at enrollment; we observed no excess risk among subjects who had a low BMI at enrollment. In a meta-analysis by McGee,27 pooled estimates of the risk of death from cancer that compared obese subjects with those of normal weight were much smaller — 1.10 for women and 1.06 for men — than in our study. The Nurses' Health Study reported risks similar to those in our study, but risks in similar BMI strata were lower in CPS I and II.1,31 Distributions of deaths according to the type of the primary tumor differ between Korean and U.S. populations.32 Nonetheless, our findings indicate that obesity does contribute to Korea's cancer burden.
As has been reported in other populations, we found that the association between BMI and the risk of death varied according to age, with little evidence of increased risk among obese subjects over the age of 65 years. This effect modification has been the subject of controversy because BMI is less well correlated with adiposity in the elderly and because of the increased probability of undiagnosed diseases and survivor effects in this age group.33 Substantial interest exists, however, in conducting an estimation of the future burden of obesity as today's obese children and young adults grow older.2,34,35 In other studies, investigators showed that an older age at enrollment (the variable used in our analysis) attenuated the risk associated with obesity.28,36 In fact, in CPS I, overweight and obesity were not associated with an increased risk of death among subjects older than 85 years.28 In a recent report by Flegal et al.2 of follow-up data from NHANES I, II, and III, subjects in the oldest age group (70 years or older) who had a BMI of more than 25 were not at increased risk for death. Our evidence provides support for this modification of effect by age, but this effect has not been observed in all populations.4
The association of BMI in the overweight and obese range with an increased risk of death from atherosclerotic cardiovascular causes and cancer suggests that control of excess adiposity may reduce the two most important causes of death among Koreans. The inverse association between BMI and the risk of death from respiratory causes partly explains the J-shaped relationship between BMI and the risk of death from any cause, but further research is warranted to examine the extent of reverse causation and to consider the role of other causes of an increased risk of death in association with a low BMI.
In considering whether the findings of the KCPS can be applied to other populations, we recognize that Asian populations generally have a higher percentage of body fat than do Western populations at the same BMI level.7 In a meta-analysis of the predictive ability of BMI to estimate the percentage of body fat among various ethnic groups, Deurenberg et al.6 found that for the same percentage of body fat, BMI among subjects from various East Asian countries was lower by 1.9 to 3.2 than that of white subjects. Although contributing factors are not completely understood,7 Asians generally have a slighter body build than do whites, and slighter people tend to have less muscle mass and connective tissue.37 Consequently, the WHO recommends that cutoff values in the definition of overweight and obesity should be lower for Asian populations than for Western populations.7,38 Our observations may prove to be useful in the evaluation of this recommendation.
Supported by a grant (1R03 CA94771-02) from the National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, and by a grant (10526) from the Korean Seoul City Research and Business Development Program.
No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.
We are indebted to the staff of the Korean National Health Insurance Corporation, to Dr. Michael Thun for his helpful comments, and to Charlotte Gerczak for her editorial assistance.
Source Information
From the Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion, Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul (S.H.J., J.P.); the National Health Insurance Corporation, Seoul (S.-Y.L.); the Department of Health Policy and Management, College of Medicine, Cheju National University, Jeju (S.-Y.L.); the Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul (H.O.) — all in Korea; and the Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore (S.H.J., J.W.S., E.G., J.M.S.).
Address reprint requests to Dr. Jee at the Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion, Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea, or at jsunha@yumc.yonsei.ac.kr.
- References
References
1
Calle EE ,Thun MJ ,Petrelli JM ,Rodriguez C ,Heath CW Jr . Body-mass index and mortality in a prospective cohort of U.S. adults. N Engl J Med 1999;341:1097-1105
Full Text | Web of Science | Medline2
Flegal KM ,Graubard BI ,Williamson DF ,Gail MH . Excess deaths associated with underweight, overweight, and obesity. JAMA 2005;293:1861-1867
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline3
Dorn JM ,Schisterman EF ,Winkelstein W Jr ,Trevisan M . Body mass index and mortality in a general population sample of men and women. Am J Epidemiol 1997;146:919-931
Web of Science | Medline4
Ajani UA ,Lotufo PA ,Gaziano JM , et al. Body mass index and mortality among US male physicians. Ann Epidemiol 2004;14:731-739
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline5
Hu FB ,Willett WC ,Li T ,Stampfer MJ ,Colditz GA ,Manson JE . Adiposity as compared with physical activity in predicting mortality among women. N Engl J Med 2004;351:2694-2703
Full Text | Web of Science | Medline6
Deurenberg P ,Yap M ,Van Staveren WA . Body mass index and percent body fat: a meta analysis among different ethnic groups. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 1998;22:1164-1171
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline7
WHO Expert Consultation
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline8
Stevens J . Ethnic-specific revisions of body mass index cutoffs to define overweight and obesity in Asians are not warranted. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 2003;27:1297-1299
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline9
Stevens J. BMI cutoffs for obesity should not vary by ethnic group. In: Madeiros-Neto G, Halpern A, Bouchard C, eds. Progress in obesity research. Monograph 9. Montrouge, France: John Libbey Eurotext, 2003:554-7.
10
He J ,Gu D ,Wu X , et al. Major causes of death among men and women in China. N Engl J Med 2005;353:1124-1134
Full Text | Web of Science | Medline11
Gu D ,He J ,Duan X , et al. Body weight and mortality among men and women in China. JAMA 2006;295:776-783
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline12
Jee SH ,Ohrr H ,Sull JW ,Samet JM . Cigarette smoking, alcohol drinking, hepatitis B, and risk for hepatocellular carcinoma in Korea. J Natl Cancer Inst 2004;96:1851-1856
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline13
Jee SH ,Ohrr H ,Sull JW ,Yun JE ,Ji M ,Samet JM . Fasting serum glucose level and cancer risk in Korean men and women. JAMA 2005;293:194-202
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline14
Manson JE ,Willett WC ,Stampfer MJ , et al. Body weight and mortality among women. N Engl J Med 1995;333:677-685
Full Text | Web of Science | Medline15
Manson JE ,Stampfer MJ ,Hennekens CH ,Willett WC . Body weight and longevity: a reassessment. JAMA 1987;257:353-358
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline16
International classification of diseases and related health problems: manual of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases, Injuries, and Causes of Death. 10th ed. Geneva: World Health Organization, 1992.
17
Cox DR . Regression models and life-tables. J R Stat Soc [B] 1972;34:187-20218
Katzmarzyk PT ,Janssen I ,Ardern CI . Physical inactivity, excess adiposity and premature mortality. Obes Rev 2003;4:257-290
CrossRef | Medline19
Allison DB ,Heo M ,Flanders DW ,Faith MS ,Williamson DF . Examination of “early mortality exclusion” as an approach to control for confounding by occult disease in epidemiologic studies of mortality risk factors. Am J Epidemiol 1997;146:672-680
Web of Science | Medline20
Prescott E ,Almdal T ,Mikkelsen KL ,Tofteng CL ,Vestbo J ,Lange P . Prognostic value of weight change in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: results from the Copenhagen City Heart Study. Eur Respir J 2002;20:539-544
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline21
Wilson DO ,Rogers RM ,Wright EC ,Anthonisen NR . Body weight in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: the National Institutes of Health Intermittent Positive-Pressure Breathing Trial. Am Rev Respir Dis 1989;139:1435-1438
Web of Science | Medline22
Landbo C ,Prescott E ,Lange P ,Vestbo J ,Almdal TP . Prognostic value of nutritional status in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1999;160:1856-1861
Web of Science | Medline23
Macallan DC . Malnutrition in tuberculosis. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 1999;34:153-157
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline24
Sacks LV ,Pendle S . Factors related to in-hospital deaths in patients with tuberculosis. Arch Intern Med 1998;158:1916-1922
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline25
Garcia-Garcia ML ,Ponce-De-Leon A ,Garcia-Sancho MC , et al. Tuberculosis-related deaths within a well-functioning DOTS control program. Emerg Infect Dis 2002;8:1327-1333
Web of Science | Medline26
Jee SH ,Pastor-Barriuso R ,Appel LJ ,Suh I ,Miller ER III ,Guallar E . Body mass index and incident ischemic heart disease in South Korean men and women. Am J Epidemiol 2005;162:42-48
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline27
McGee DL . Body mass index and mortality: a meta-analysis based on person-level data from twenty-six observational studies. Ann Epidemiol 2005;15:87-97
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline28
Stevens J ,Cai J ,Pamuk ER ,Williamson DF ,Thun MJ ,Wood JL . The effect of age on the association between body-mass index and mortality. N Engl J Med 1998;338:1-7
Full Text | Web of Science | Medline29
Thorogood M ,Appleby PN ,Key TJ ,Mann J . Relation between body mass index and mortality in an unusually slim cohort. J Epidemiol Community Health 2003;57:130-133
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline30
Widlansky ME ,Sesso HD ,Rexrode KM ,Manson JE ,Gaziano JM . Body mass index and total and cardiovascular mortality in men with a history of cardiovascular disease. Arch Intern Med 2004;164:2326-2332
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline31
Calle EE ,Rodriguez C ,Walker-Thurmond K ,Thun MJ . Overweight, obesity, and mortality from cancer in a prospectively studied cohort of U.S. adults. N Engl J Med 2003;348:1625-1638
Full Text | Web of Science | Medline32
Gomez SL ,Le GM ,Clarke CA ,Glaser SL ,France AM ,West DW . Cancer incidence patterns in Koreans in the US and in Kangwha, South Korea. Cancer Causes Control 2003;14:167-174
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline33
Villareal DT ,Apovian CM ,Kushner RF ,Klein S . Obesity in older adults: technical review and position statement of the American Society for Nutrition and NAASO, The Obesity Society. Obes Res 2005;13:1849-1863
CrossRef | Medline34
Olshansky SJ ,Passaro DJ ,Hershow RC , et al. A potential decline in life expectancy in the United States in the 21st century. N Engl J Med 2005;352:1138-1145
Full Text | Web of Science | Medline35
Institute of Medicine. Preventing childhood obesity: health in the balance. Washington, D.C.: National Academies Press, 2005.
36
Bender R ,Jockel KH ,Trautner C ,Spraul M ,Berger M . Effect of age on excess mortality in obesity. JAMA 1999;281:1498-1504
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline37
Deurenberg P ,Deurenberg YM ,Wang J ,Lin FP ,Schmidt G . The impact of body build on the relationship between body mass index and percent body fat. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 1999;23:537-542
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline38
World Health Organization, International Association for the Study of Obesity, International Obesity Task Force. The Asia-Pacific perspective: redefining obesity and its treatment. Sydney: Health Communications Australia, 2000.
- Citing Articles (157)
Citing Articles
1
Z. Chen, G. Yang, A. Offer, M. Zhou, M. Smith, R. Peto, H. Ge, L. Yang, G. Whitlock. (2012) Body mass index and mortality in China: a 15-year prospective study of 220 000 men. International Journal of Epidemiology
CrossRef2
A. J. Cameron, D. J. Magliano, J. E. Shaw, P. Z. Zimmet, B. Carstensen, K. G. M. Alberti, J. Tuomilehto, E. L. M. Barr, V. K. Pauvaday, S. Kowlessur, S. Soderberg. (2012) The influence of hip circumference on the relationship between abdominal obesity and mortality. International Journal of Epidemiology
CrossRef3
Heejin Kimm, Ji Eun Yun, Sang-Hak Lee, Yangsoo Jang, Sun Ha Jee. (2012) Validity of the Diagnosis of Acute Myocardial Infarction in Korean National Medical Health Insurance Claims Data: The Korean Heart Study (1). Korean Circulation Journal 42:1, 10
CrossRef4
Scott Alan Carson. (2011) Differences in body mass indices for males imprisoned in the 19th century American South. Journal of Bioeconomics
CrossRef5
Kyung-Won Hong, Ji-Eun Lim, Min Jin Go, Yoon Shin Cho, Younjhin Ahn, Bok-Ghee Han, Bermseok Oh. (2011) Recapitulation of the Association of the Val66Met Polymorphism of BDNF Gene With BMI in Koreans. Obesity
CrossRef6
Wi-Sun Ryu, Chi Kyung Kim, Beom Joon Kim, Chulho Kim, Seung-Hoon Lee, Byung-Woo Yoon. (2011) Pentraxin 3: A novel and independent prognostic marker in ischemic stroke. Atherosclerosis
CrossRef7
Patricia H Rosenberger, Christopher Ruser, Susan Kashaf. (2011) MOVE! multidisciplinary programs: Challenges and resources for weight management treatment in VHA. Translational Behavioral Medicine
CrossRef8
Massimo Perotto, Francesco Panero, Gabriella Gruden, Paolo Fornengo, Bartolomeo Lorenzati, Federica Barutta, Giuseppe Ghezzo, Cristina Amione, Paolo Cavallo-Perin, Graziella Bruno. (2011) Obesity is associated with lower mortality risk in elderly diabetic subjects: the Casale Monferrato study. Acta Diabetologica
CrossRef9
Fethi Benraouane, Sheldon E. Litwin. (2011) Reductions in cardiovascular risk after bariatric surgery. Current Opinion in Cardiology 26:6, 555-561
CrossRef10
Scott Alan Carson. (2011) The Body Mass Index of Blacks and Whites in the United States during the Nineteenth Century. Journal of Interdisciplinary History 42:3, 371-391
CrossRef11
K W Hong, B Oh. (2011) Recapitulation of genome-wide association studies on body mass index in the Korean population. International Journal of Obesity
CrossRef12
David Madden. (2011) A profile of obesity in Ireland, 2002-2007. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series A (Statistics in Society)no-no
CrossRef13
SCOTT ALAN CARSON, PAUL E. HODGES. (2011) BLACK AND WHITE BODY MASS INDEX VALUES IN NINETEENTH CENTURY DEVELOPING PHILADELPHIA COUNTY. Journal of Biosocial Science1-16
CrossRef14
J. Ma, W. D. Flanders, E. M. Ward, A. Jemal. (2011) Body Mass Index in Young Adulthood and Premature Death: Analyses of the US National Health Interview Survey Linked Mortality Files. American Journal of Epidemiology 174:8, 934-944
CrossRef15
J. Blacher, A.D. Protogerou, O. Henry, S. Czernichow, P. Iaria, Y. Zhang, D. Agnoletti, M.E. Safar. (2011) Aortic stiffness, inflammation, denutrition and type 2 diabetes in the elderly. Diabetes & Metabolism
CrossRef16
Scott Alan Carson. (2011) A quantile approach to the demographic, residential, and socioeconomic effects on 19th-century African-American body mass index values. Cliometrica
CrossRef17
Alan Chung-Hong Tsai, Mei-Lan Hsiao. (2011) The association of body mass index (BMI) with all-cause mortality in older Taiwanese: Results of a national cohort study. Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics
CrossRef18
Xavier Moreau-Gaudry, Fitsum Guebre-Egziabher, Guillaume Jean, Leslie Genet, Dominique Lataillade, Eric Legrand, Francois Kuentz, Pierre Trolliet, Denis Fouque. (2011) Serum Creatinine Improves Body Mass Index Survival Prediction in Hemodialysis Patients: A 1-Year Prospective Cohort Analysis From the ARNOS Study. Journal of Renal Nutrition 21:5, 369-375
CrossRef19
Patricia H. Rosenberger, Yuming Ning, Cynthia Brandt, Heather Allore, Sally Haskell. (2011) BMI trajectory groups in veterans of the Iraq and Afghanistan wars. Preventive Medicine 53:3, 149-154
CrossRef20
Joo-Ha Jung, Jung-Jun Park, Jae-Hyun Choi, Do-Yoen Kim, Jum-Hong Yang. (2011) Evaluation of Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome Risk Factors in College Students. Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society 12:8, 3579-3586
CrossRef21
Y-M Song, K Lee, J Sung, Y S Kim, J Y Lee. (2011) Sex-specific relationships between adiposity and anthropometric measures and carotid intima-media thickness in Koreans: The Healthy Twin Study. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition
CrossRef22
J Blacher, D Agnoletti, A D Protogerou, P Iaria, S Czernichow, Y Zhang, M E Safar. (2011) Aortic stiffness, inflammation, denutrition and prognosis in the oldest people. Journal of Human Hypertension
CrossRef23
Sabine Rohrmann, Meredith S. Shiels, David S. Lopez, Nader Rifai, William G. Nelson, Norma Kanarek, Eliseo Guallar, Andy Menke, Corinne E. Joshu, Manning Feinleib, Siobhan Sutcliffe, Elizabeth A. Platz. (2011) Body fatness and sex steroid hormone concentrations in US men: results from NHANES III. Cancer Causes & Control 22:8, 1141-1151
CrossRef24
Angela M. Thompson, Yonghong Zhang, Weijun Tong, Tan Xu, Jing Chen, Li Zhao, Tanika N. Kelly, Chung-Shiuan Chen, Lydia A. Bazzano, Jiang He. (2011) Association of obesity and biomarkers of inflammation and endothelial dysfunction in adults in Inner Mongolia, China. International Journal of Cardiology 150:3, 247-252
CrossRef25
David Faeh, Julia Braun, Silvan Tarnutzer, Matthias Bopp. (2011) Obesity but not overweight is associated with increased mortality risk. European Journal of Epidemiology 26:8, 647-655
CrossRef26
Young Ae Cho, Aesun Shin, Jeongseon Kim. (2011) Dietary Patterns Are Associated with Body Mass Index in a Korean Population. Journal of the American Dietetic Association 111:8, 1182-1186
CrossRef27
C. Martín-González, E. González-Reimers, F. Santolaria-Fernández, C. Fernández-Rodríguez, E. García-Valdecasas-Campelo, A. González Díaz, J. Alvisa -Negrín, A. Martínez Riera. (2011) Prognostic value of changes in lean and fat mass in alcoholics. Clinical Nutrition
CrossRef28
Seong-Bae Wang, Young-Chae Cho. (2011) Body Mass Index and Subsequent Risk of Hypertension, Hyperglycemia and Hypercholesterolemia in Health Checkup Examinees. Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society 12:6, 2677-2684
CrossRef29
Y. Takahashi, M. Sakai, Y. Tokuda, O. Takahashi, S. Ohde, T. Nakayama, S. Fukuhara, T. Fukui, T. Shimbo. (2011) The relation between self-reported body weight and health-related quality of life: a cross-sectional study in Japan. Journal of Public Health
CrossRef30
Jaeseong Jo, Jae Woong Sull, Eun Jung Park, Sun Ha Jee. (2011) Effects of Smoking and Obesity on the Association Between CDH13 (rs3865188) and Adiponectin Among Korean Men: The KARE Study. Obesity
CrossRef31
R. Scott Wright, Jeffrey L. Anderson, Cynthia D. Adams, Charles R. Bridges, Donald E. Casey, Steven M. Ettinger, Francis M. Fesmire, Theodore G. Ganiats, Hani Jneid, A. Michael Lincoff, Eric D. Peterson, George J. Philippides, Pierre Theroux, Nanette K. Wenger, James Patrick Zidar. (2011) 2011 ACCF/AHA Focused Update Incorporated Into the ACC/AHA 2007 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Unstable Angina/Non–ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 57:19, e215-e367
CrossRef32
Lee-Ching Hwang, Su-Chiu Chen, Chien-Jen Chen. (2011) Increased Risk of Mortality From Overweight and Obesity in Middle-aged Individuals From Six Communities in Taiwan. Journal of the Formosan Medical Association 110:5, 290-298
CrossRef33
H. Kimm, P.H. Lee, Y.J. Shin, K.S. Park, J. Jo, Y. Lee, H.C. Kang, S.H. Jee. (2011) Mid-life and late-life vascular risk factors and dementia in Korean men and women. Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics 52:3, e117-e122
CrossRef34
Hua-Shui Hsu, Chiu-Shong Liu, F. Xavier Pi-Sunyer, Chih-Hsueh Lin, Chia-Ing Li, Cheng-Chieh Lin, Tsai-Chung Li, Wen-Yuan Lin. (2011) The associations of different measurements of obesity with cardiovascular risk factors in Chinese. European Journal of Clinical Investigation 41:4, 393-404
CrossRef35
2011. References. , 283-360.
CrossRef36
L P Palaniappan, E C Wong, J J Shin, S P Fortmann, D S Lauderdale. (2011) Asian Americans have greater prevalence of metabolic syndrome despite lower body mass index. International Journal of Obesity 35:3, 393-400
CrossRef37
Zheng, Wei, McLerran, Dale F., Rolland, Betsy, Zhang, Xianglan, Inoue, Manami, Matsuo, Keitaro, He, Jiang, Gupta, Prakash Chandra, Ramadas, Kunnambath, Tsugane, Shoichiro, Irie, Fujiko, Tamakoshi, Akiko, Gao, Yu-Tang, Wang, Renwei, Shu, Xiao-Ou, Tsuji, Ichiro, Kuriyama, Shinichi, Tanaka, Hideo, Satoh, Hiroshi, Chen, Chien-Jen, Yuan, Jian-Min, Yoo, Keun-Young, Ahsan, Habibul, Pan, Wen-Harn, Gu, Dongfeng, Pednekar, Mangesh Suryakant, Sauvaget, Catherine, Sasazuki, Shizuka, Sairenchi, Toshimi, Yang, Gong, Xiang, Yong-Bing, Nagai, Masato, Suzuki, Takeshi, Nishino, Yoshikazu, You, San-Lin, Koh, Woon-Puay, Park, Sue K., Chen, Yu, Shen, Chen-Yang, Thornquist, Mark, Feng, Ziding, Kang, Daehee, Boffetta, Paolo, Potter, John D., . (2011) Association between Body-Mass Index and Risk of Death in More Than 1 Million Asians. New England Journal of Medicine 364:8, 719-729
Full Text38
Thomas E. Dorner, Anita Rieder. (2011) Obesity paradox in elderly patients with cardiovascular diseases. International Journal of Cardiology
CrossRef39
G. Liew, P. Mitchell, E. Rochtchina, T. Y. Wong, W. Hsu, M. L. Lee, A. Wainwright, J. J. Wang. (2011) Fractal analysis of retinal microvasculature and coronary heart disease mortality. European Heart Journal 32:4, 422-429
CrossRef40
Theophilus Owan, Erick Avelar, Kimberly Morley, Ronny Jiji, Nathaniel Hall, Joseph Krezowski, James Gallagher, Zachary Williams, Kevin Preece, Nancy Gundersen, Michael B. Strong, Robert C. Pendleton, Nathan Segerson, Tom V. Cloward, James M. Walker, Robert J. Farney, Richard E. Gress, Ted D. Adams, Steven C. Hunt, Sheldon E. Litwin. (2011) Favorable Changes in Cardiac Geometry and Function Following Gastric Bypass Surgery. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 57:6, 732-739
CrossRef41
K. M. Flegal, B. I. Graubard, D. F. Williamson, R. S. Cooper. (2011) Reverse Causation and Illness-related Weight Loss in Observational Studies of Body Weight and Mortality. American Journal of Epidemiology 173:1, 1-9
CrossRef42
Alan C. Tsai, Tsui-Lan Chang. (2011) The effectiveness of BMI, calf circumference and mid-arm circumference in predicting subsequent mortality risk in elderly Taiwanese. British Journal of Nutrition 105:02, 275-281
CrossRef43
Nam-Seok Joo, Sang-Man Kim, Kwang-Min Kim, Chan-Won Kim, Bom-Taeck Kim, Duck-Joo Lee. (2011) Changes of Body Weight and Inflammatory Markers after 12-Week Intervention Trial: Results of a Double-Blind, Placebo-Control Pilot Study. Yonsei Medical Journal 52:2, 242
CrossRef44
Wi-Sun Ryu, Seung-Hoon Lee, Chi Kyung Kim, Beom Joon Kim, Byung-Woo Yoon. (2011) Body Mass Index, Initial Neurological Severity and Long-Term Mortality in Ischemic Stroke. Cerebrovascular Diseases 32:2, 170-176
CrossRef45
Sofia Carlsson, Tomas Andersson, Ulf de Faire, Paul Lichtenstein, Karl Michaëlsson, Anders Ahlbom. (2011) Body Mass Index and Mortality. Epidemiology 22:1, 98-103
CrossRef46
Dong-Hun Lee, Aesun Shin, Jeongseon Kim, Keun-Young Yoo, Joohon Sung. (2011) Validity of Self-Reported Height and Weight in a Korean Population. Journal of Epidemiology 21:1, 30-36
CrossRef47
Edwin S Wong, Bruce CM Wang, Louis P Garrison, Rafael Alfonso-Cristancho, David R Flum, David E Arterburn, Sean D Sullivan. (2011) Examining the BMI-mortality relationship using fractional polynomials. BMC Medical Research Methodology 11:1, 175
CrossRef48
Doron Aronson, Mithal Nassar, Taly Goldberg, Michael Kapeliovich, Haim Hammerman, Zaher S. Azzam. (2010) The impact of body mass index on clinical outcomes after acute myocardial infarction. International Journal of Cardiology 145:3, 476-480
CrossRef49
Jordan A Guenette, Dennis Jensen, Denis E OʼDonnell. (2010) Respiratory function and the obesity paradox. Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care 13:6, 618-624
CrossRef50
Rino Bellocco, Chongqi Jia, Weimin Ye, Ylva Trolle Lagerros. (2010) Effects of physical activity, body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio and waist circumference on total mortality risk in the Swedish National March Cohort. European Journal of Epidemiology 25:11, 777-788
CrossRef51
Wen-Yuan Lin, Jeanine Albu, Chiu-Shong Liu, Hui-Ying Huang, F. Xavier Pi-Sunyer, Chia-Ing Li, Tsai-Chung Li, Cheng-Chieh Lin, Kuo-Chin Huang. (2010) Larger Body Mass Index and Waist Circumference Are Associated with Lower Mortality in Chinese Long-Term Care Facility Residents. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 58:11, 2092-2098
CrossRef52
Myoungsook Lee, Yangsoo Jang, Kkochbyul Kim, Hongkeun Cho, Sun-ha Jee, Yongsoon Park, Mi Kyung Kim. (2010) Relationship between HDL3 subclasses and waist circumferences on the prevalence of metabolic syndrome: KMSRI-Seoul Study. Atherosclerosis 213:1, 288-293
CrossRef53
Teresa Papalia, Rosita Greco, Danilo Lofaro, Simona Maestripieri, Domenico Mancuso, Renzo Bonofiglio. (2010) Impact of body mass index on graft loss in normal and overweight patients: retrospective analysis of 206 renal transplants. Clinical Transplantation 24:6, E241-E246
CrossRef54
Silvana Pannain, Babak Mokhlesi. (2010) Bariatric surgery and its impact on sleep architecture, sleep-disordered breathing, and metabolism. Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 24:5, 745-761
CrossRef55
J. G. Kang, C.-Y. Park, J. H. Kang, Y.-W. Park, S. W. Park. (2010) Randomized controlled trial to investigate the effects of a newly developed formulation of phentermine diffuse-controlled release for obesity. Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism 12:10, 876-882
CrossRef56
Mi-Young Ahn, Yun-Jung Seo, Sang-Deok Ji, Jea-Woong Han, Jae-Sam Hwang, Eun-Young Yun. (2010) Fatty Acid Composition of Adipose Tissues in Obese Mice and SD Rats Fed with Isaria sinclairii Powder. Toxicological Research 26:3, 185-192
CrossRef57
Wi-Sun Ryu, Seung-Hoon Lee, Chi Kyung Kim, Beom Joon Kim, Byung-Woo Yoon. (2010) Effects of low serum triglyceride on stroke mortality: A prospective follow-up study. Atherosclerosis 212:1, 299-304
CrossRef58
E. Atlantis, C. Browning, H. Kendig. (2010) Body mass index and unintentional weight change associated with all-cause mortality in older Australians: the Melbourne Longitudinal Studies on Healthy Ageing (MELSHA). Age and Ageing 39:5, 559-565
CrossRef59
X. Chen, Y. Wang. (2010) Commentary: Optimal body mass index cut points. International Journal of Epidemiology 39:4, 1045-1047
CrossRef60
B. L. Pierce, T. Kalra, M. Argos, F. Parvez, Y. Chen, T. Islam, A. Ahmed, R. Hasan, M. Rakibuz-Zaman, J. Graziano, P. J. Rathouz, H. Ahsan. (2010) A prospective study of body mass index and mortality in Bangladesh. International Journal of Epidemiology 39:4, 1037-1045
CrossRef61
L. Yang, M. Zhou, M. Smith, G. Yang, R. Peto, J. Wang, J. Boreham, Y. Hu, Z. Chen. (2010) Body mass index and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease-related mortality: a nationally representative prospective study of 220 000 men in China. International Journal of Epidemiology 39:4, 1027-1036
CrossRef62
2010. Public Health Aspects of Diabetes. , 16-21.
CrossRef63
Donald E. McAlpine, Maria J. Frisch, Ellen S. Rome, Matthew M. Clark, Carol Signore, Anna Karin Lindroos, Kelly C. Allison. (2010) Bariatric surgery: A primer for eating disorder professionals. European Eating Disorders Review 18:4, 304-317
CrossRef64
Jeong-Hoon Lee, Donghee Kim, Hwa Jung Kim, Chang-Hoon Lee, Jong In Yang, Won Kim, Yoon Jun Kim, Jung-Hwan Yoon, Sang-Heon Cho, Myung-Whun Sung, Hyo-Suk Lee. (2010) Hepatic steatosis index: A simple screening tool reflecting nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Digestive and Liver Disease 42:7, 503-508
CrossRef65
Seth Uretsky, Azhar Supariwala, Padmakshi Singh, Prashanth Atluri, Surinder S. Khokhar, Hari K. Koppuravuri, Rajeev Joshi, Anupa Mandeva, Alan Rozanski. (2010) Impact of weight on long-term survival among patients without known coronary artery disease and a normal stress SPECT MPI. Journal of Nuclear Cardiology 17:3, 390-397
CrossRef66
Hansoo Park, Jong-Il Kim, Young Seok Ju, Omer Gokcumen, Ryan E Mills, Sheehyun Kim, Seungbok Lee, Dongwhan Suh, Dongwan Hong, Hyunseok Peter Kang, Yun Joo Yoo, Jong-Yeon Shin, Hyun-Jin Kim, Maryam Yavartanoo, Young Wha Chang, Jung-Sook Ha, Wilson Chong, Ga-Ram Hwang, Katayoon Darvishi, HyeRan Kim, Song Ju Yang, Kap-Seok Yang, Hyungtae Kim, Matthew E Hurles, Stephen W Scherer, Nigel P Carter, Chris Tyler-Smith, Charles Lee, Jeong-Sun Seo. (2010) Discovery of common Asian copy number variants using integrated high-resolution array CGH and massively parallel DNA sequencing. Nature Genetics 42:5, 400-405
CrossRef67
K. E. Yun, H. S. Park, Y. M. Song, S. I. Cho. (2010) Increases in body mass index over a 7-year period and risk of cause-specific mortality in Korean men. International Journal of Epidemiology 39:2, 520-528
CrossRef68
John B. Dixon. (2010) The effect of obesity on health outcomes. Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology 316:2, 104-108
CrossRef69
Edward J. Nejat, Alex J. Polotsky, Lubna Pal. (2010) Predictors of chronic disease at midlife and beyond - the health risks of obesity. Maturitas 65:2, 106-111
CrossRef70
A Nanri, T Mizoue, Y Takahashi, M Noda, M Inoue, S Tsugane. (2010) Weight change and all-cause, cancer and cardiovascular disease mortality in Japanese men and women: the Japan Public Health Center-Based Prospective Study. International Journal of Obesity 34:2, 348-356
CrossRef71
Karani S. Vimaleswaran, Ruth J.F. Loos. (2010) Progress in the genetics of common obesity and type 2 diabetes. Expert Reviews in Molecular Medicine 12,
CrossRef72
Akiko Tamakoshi, Hiroshi Yatsuya, Yingsong Lin, Koji Tamakoshi, Takaaki Kondo, Sadao Suzuki, Kiyoko Yagyu, Shogo Kikuchi. (2010) BMI and All-cause Mortality Among Japanese Older Adults: Findings From the Japan Collaborative Cohort Study. Obesity 18:2, 362-369
CrossRef73
Nam-Seok Joo, Duck-Joo Lee, Kwang-Min Kim, Bom-Taeck Kim, Chan-Won Kim, Kyu-Nam Kim, Sang-Man Kim. (2010) Ketonuria after Fasting may be Related to the Metabolic Superiority. Journal of Korean Medical Science 25:12, 1771
CrossRef74
T. W. Auyeung, J. S. W. Lee, J. Leung, T. Kwok, P. C. Leung, J. Woo. (2010) Survival in Older Men May Benefit From Being Slightly Overweight and Centrally Obese--A 5-Year Follow-up Study in 4,000 Older Adults Using DXA. The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences 65A:1, 99-104
CrossRef75
Young-Ho Khang, Sung-Cheol Yun. (2010) Trends in General and Abdominal Obesity among Korean Adults: Findings from 1998, 2001, 2005, and 2007 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys. Journal of Korean Medical Science 25:11, 1582
CrossRef76
Heather M. Orpana, Jean-Marie Berthelot, Mark S. Kaplan, David H. Feeny, Bentson McFarland, Nancy A. Ross. (2010) BMI and Mortality: Results From a National Longitudinal Study of Canadian Adults. Obesity 18:1, 214-218
CrossRef77
Yoonsuk Jekal, Mi-Kyung Lee, Sukyung Park, Seung-Hwan Lee, Jun-Young Kim, Jung-Ui Kang, Masayo Naruse, Sang-Hwan Kim, Sun-Hyeon Kim, Sang Hui Chu, Sang-Hoon Suh, Justin Y Jeon. (2010) Association between Obesity and Physical Fitness, and Hemoglobin A1c Level and Metabolic Syndrome in Korean Adults. Korean Diabetes Journal 34:3, 182
CrossRef78
Masato Nagai, Shinichi Kuriyama, Masako Kakizaki, Kaori Ohmori-Matsuda, Yumi Sugawara, Toshimasa Sone, Atsushi Hozawa, Ichiro Tsuji. (2010) Effect of Age on the Association between Body Mass Index and All-Cause Mortality: The Ohsaki Cohort Study. Journal of Epidemiology 20:5, 398-407
CrossRef79
Soo Jeong Kim, Jakyoung Lee, Sun Ha Jee, Chung Mo Nam, Kihong Chun, Il Soo Park, Soon Young Lee. (2010) Cardiovascular Risk Factors for Incident Hypertension in the Prehypertensive Population. Epidemiology and Health 32,
CrossRef80
Surya M. Artham, Carl J. Lavie, Richard V. Milani, Hector O. Ventura. (2010) Value of Weight Reduction in Patients with Cardiovascular Disease. Current Treatment Options in Cardiovascular Medicine 12:1, 21-35
CrossRef81
S. H. Jee, J. E. Golub, J. Jo, I. S. Park, H. Ohrr, J. M. Samet. (2009) Smoking and Risk of Tuberculosis Incidence, Mortality, and Recurrence in South Korean Men and Women. American Journal of Epidemiology 170:12, 1478-1485
CrossRef82
O. Ziegler, D. Quilliot. (2009) Obésité de la personne âgée: définition, phénotypes, épidémiologie et conséquences pour la santé. Obésité 4:3-4, 166-175
CrossRef83
F. Søltoft, M. Hammer, N. Kragh. (2009) The association of body mass index and health-related quality of life in the general population: data from the 2003 Health Survey of England. Quality of Life Research 18:10, 1293-1299
CrossRef84
Jochanan Stessman, Jeremy M. Jacobs, Eliana Ein-Mor, Michael Bursztyn. (2009) Normal Body Mass Index Rather than Obesity Predicts Greater Mortality in Elderly People: The Jerusalem Longitudinal Study. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 57:12, 2232-2238
CrossRef85
, Hyuk-Joon Lee, Hyung-Ho Kim, Min-Chan Kim, Seong-Yeob Ryu, Wook Kim, Kyo-Young Song, Gyu-Seok Cho, Sang-Uk Han, Woo Jin Hyung, Seung-Wan Ryu. (2009) The impact of a high body mass index on laparoscopy assisted gastrectomy for gastric cancer. Surgical Endoscopy 23:11, 2473-2479
CrossRef86
S K Ong, C W Fong, S Ma, J Lee, D Heng, M Deurenberg-Yap, Y-L Low, M Tan, W-Y Lim, E S Tai. (2009) Longitudinal study of the socio-demographic determinants of changes in body weight and waist circumference in a multi-ethnic Asian population. International Journal of Obesity 33:11, 1299-1308
CrossRef87
Antigone Oreopoulos, Kamyar Kalantar-Zadeh, Arya M. Sharma, Gregg C. Fonarow. (2009) The Obesity Paradox in the Elderly: Potential Mechanisms and Clinical Implications. Clinics in Geriatric Medicine 25:4, 643-659
CrossRef88
Eo Rin Cho, Aesun Shin, Jeongseon Kim, Sun Ha Jee, Joohon Sung. (2009) Leisure-Time Physical Activity is Associated with a Reduced Risk for Metabolic Syndrome. Annals of Epidemiology 19:11, 784-792
CrossRef89
Jae Woong Sull, Ji Eun Yun, Sang-Yi Lee, Heechoul Ohrr, Sun Ha Jee, Eliseo Guallar, Jonathan M. Samet. (2009) Body Mass Index and Serum Aminotransferase Levels in Korean Men and Women. Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology 43:9, 869-875
CrossRef90
Mutsumi Sato, Satoru Kodama, Ayumi Sugawara, Kumiko Totsuka, Kazumi Saito, Hirohito Sone. (2009) No Relationship Between Body Mass Index During Adolescence and All-Cause Mortality in Japanese Women—A 56.5-Year Observational Study. Annals of Epidemiology 19:8, 590-591
CrossRef91
Shin-ichiro Imai. (2009) SIRT1 and caloric restriction: an insight into possible trade-offs between robustness and frailty. Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care 12:4, 350-356
CrossRef92
P E Wändell, A C Carlsson, H Theobald. (2009) The association between BMI value and long-term mortality. International Journal of Obesity 33:5, 577-582
CrossRef93
Estefanía Toledo, Juan José Beunza, Jorge M. Núñez-Córdoba, Maira Bes-Rastrollo, Francisco Javier Basterra-Gortari, Miguel A. Martínez-González. (2009) Metabolic risk factors in a cohort of young adults and their association with a body-mass index between 22 and 25kg/m2. Medicina Clínica 132:17, 654-660
CrossRef94
Se Eun Park, Hee Man Kim, Dae Hyun Kim, Jongoh Kim, Bong Soo Cha, Dae Jung Kim. (2009) The Association Between Sleep Duration and General and Abdominal Obesity in Koreans: Data From the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2001 and 2005. Obesity 17:4, 767-771
CrossRef95
Chi Pang Wen, Ting Yuan David Cheng, Shan Pou Tsai, Hui Ting Chan, Hui Ling Hsu, Chih Cheng Hsu, Michael P Eriksen. (2009) Are Asians at greater mortality risks for being overweight than Caucasians? Redefining obesity for Asians. Public Health Nutrition 12:04, 497
CrossRef96
Heon Choe, Young Ho Kim, Ji Wan Park, Su Young Kim, Sang-Yi Lee, Sun Ha Jee. (2009) Tooth loss, hypertension and risk for stroke in a Korean population. Atherosclerosis 203:2, 550-556
CrossRef97
Aesun Shin, Sun-Young Lim, Joohon Sung, Hai-Rim Shin, Jeongseon Kim. (2009) Dietary Intake, Eating Habits, and Metabolic Syndrome in Korean Men. Journal of the American Dietetic Association 109:4, 633-640
CrossRef98
Kei Nakajima, Hiroko Yamaoka, Kumiko Morita, Midori Ebata, Satoko Eguchi, Toshitaka Muneyuki, Hiromi Munakata. (2009) Elderly People With Low Body Weight May Have Subtle Low-grade Inflammation. Obesity 17:4, 803-808
CrossRef99
Jessica Chang, Gary Wittert. (2009) Effects of bariatric surgery on morbidity and mortality in severe obesity. International Journal of Evidence-Based Healthcare 7:1, 43-48
CrossRef100
Scott Alan Carson. (2009) Racial differences in body mass indices of men imprisoned in 19th Century Texas. Economics & Human Biology 7:1, 121-127
CrossRef101
Prospective Studies Collaboration. (2009) Body-mass index and cause-specific mortality in 900 000 adults: collaborative analyses of 57 prospective studies. The Lancet 373:9669, 1083-1096
CrossRef102
Jochen Klenk, Gabriele Nagel, Hanno Ulmer, Alexander Strasak, Hans Concin, Günter Diem, Kilian Rapp, . (2009) Body mass index and mortality: results of a cohort of 184,697 adults in Austria. European Journal of Epidemiology 24:2, 83-91
CrossRef103
K. Eeg-Olofsson, J. Cederholm, P. M. Nilsson, B. Zethelius, L. Nunez, S. Gudbjörnsdóttir, B. Eliasson. (2009) Risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality in overweight and obese patients with type 2 diabetes: an observational study in 13,087 patients. Diabetologia 52:1, 65-73
CrossRef104
K. Neovius, K. Johansson, M. Kark, M. Neovius. (2009) Obesity status and sick leave: a systematic review. Obesity Reviews 10:1, 17-27
CrossRef105
Raildo da Silva Coqueiro, Aline Rodrigues Barbosa, Adriano Ferreti Borgatto. (2009) Anthropometric measurements in the elderly of Havana, Cuba: Age and sex differences. Nutrition 25:1, 33-39
CrossRef106
Vincent Chouraki, Aline Wagner, Jean Ferrières, Frank Kee, Annie Bingham, Bernadette Haas, Jean-Bernard Ruidavets, Alun Evans, Pierre Ducimetière, Philippe Amouyel, Jean Dallongeville. (2008) Smoking habits, waist circumference and coronary artery disease risk relationship: the PRIME study. European Journal of Cardiovascular Prevention & Rehabilitation 15:6, 625-630
CrossRef107
M Neovius, K Narbro. (2008) Cost-effectiveness of pharmacological anti-obesity treatments: a systematic review. International Journal of Obesity 32:12, 1752-1763
CrossRef108
L Sjöström. (2008) Bariatric surgery and reduction in morbidity and mortality: experiences from the SOS study. International Journal of Obesity 32, S93-S97
CrossRef109
Pischon, T., Boeing, H., Hoffmann, K., Bergmann, M., Schulze, M.B., Overvad, K., van der Schouw, Y.T., Spencer, E., Moons, K.G.M., Tjønneland, A., Halkjaer, J., Jensen, M.K., Stegger, J., Clavel-Chapelon, F., Boutron-Ruault, M.-C., Chajes, V., Linseisen, J., Kaaks, R., Trichopoulou, A., Trichopoulos, D., Bamia, C., Sieri, S., Palli, D., Tumino, R., Vineis, P., Panico, S., Peeters, P.H.M., May, A.M., Bueno-de-Mesquita, H.B., van Duijnhoven, F.J.B., Hallmans, G., Weinehall, L., Manjer, J., Hedblad, B., Lund, E., Agudo, A., Arriola, L., Barricarte, A., Navarro, C., Martinez, C., Quirós, J.R., Key, T., Bingham, S., Khaw, K.T., Boffetta, P., Jenab, M., Ferrari, P., Riboli, E., . (2008) General and Abdominal Adiposity and Risk of Death in Europe. New England Journal of Medicine 359:20, 2105-2120
Full Text110
Ian Janssen, Eric Bacon. (2008) Effect of Current and Midlife Obesity Status on Mortality Risk in the Elderly. Obesity 16:11, 2504-2509
CrossRef111
Sun Ha Jee, Ji Eun Yun, Eun Jung Park, Eo Rin Cho, Il Su Park, Jae Woong Sull, Heechoul Ohrr, Jonathan M Samet. (2008) Body mass index and cancer risk in Korean men and women. International Journal of Cancer 123:8, 1892-1896
CrossRef112
T Kelly, W Yang, C-S Chen, K Reynolds, J He. (2008) Global burden of obesity in 2005 and projections to 2030. International Journal of Obesity 32:9, 1431-1437
CrossRef113
Petra H. Wirtz, Ulrike Ehlert, Luljeta Emini, Tobias Suter. (2008) Higher body mass index (BMI) is associated with reduced glucocorticoid inhibition of inflammatory cytokine production following acute psychosocial stress in men. Psychoneuroendocrinology 33:8, 1102-1110
CrossRef114
Chi-Chiu LEUNG, Kwok-Chiu CHANG. (2008) Impact of lifestyle on tuberculosis. Respirology 13, S65-S72
CrossRef115
Paul Moayyedi. (2008) The Epidemiology of Obesity and Gastrointestinal and Other Diseases: An Overview. Digestive Diseases and Sciences 53:9, 2293-2299
CrossRef116
Sheldon E. Litwin. (2008) Which Measures of Obesity Best Predict Cardiovascular Risk?. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 52:8, 616-619
CrossRef117
Iain A. Lang, David J. Llewellyn, Kirsty Alexander, David Melzer. (2008) Obesity, Physical Function, and Mortality in Older Adults. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 56:8, 1474-1478
CrossRef118
Patricio López-Jaramillo, Sandra Y Silva, Narella Rodríguez-Salamanca, Alvaro Duràn, Walter Mosquera, Victor Castillo. (2008) Are Nutrition-Induced Epigenetic Changes the Link Between Socioeconomic Pathology and Cardiovascular Diseases?. American Journal of Therapeutics 15:4, 362-372
CrossRef119
Atsushi Hozawa, Tomonori Okamura, Izumi Oki, Yoshitaka Murakami, Takashi Kadowaki, Koshi Nakamura, Naomi Miyamatsu, Takehito Hayakawa, Yoshikuni Kita, Yosikazu Nakamura, Yasuyuki Nakamura, Robert D. Abbott, Akira Okayama, Hirotsugu Ueshima. (2008) Relationship Between BMI and All-cause Mortality in Japan: NIPPON DATA80. Obesity 16:7, 1714-1717
CrossRef120
P. Bramlage. (2008) Epidemiologie und Komorbiditäten der Adipositas in Deutschland. Der Diabetologe 4:4, 259-265
CrossRef121
C. Sauvaget, K. Ramadas, G. Thomas, J. Vinoda, S. Thara, R. Sankaranarayanan. (2008) Body mass index, weight change and mortality risk in a prospective study in India. International Journal of Epidemiology 37:5, 990-1004
CrossRef122
T. Bjorge, A. Engeland, A. Tverdal, G. D. Smith. (2008) Body Mass Index in Adolescence in Relation to Cause-specific Mortality: A Follow-up of 230,000 Norwegian Adolescents. American Journal of Epidemiology 168:1, 30-37
CrossRef123
Atsushi Sato, Kei Asayama, Takayoshi Ohkubo, Masahiro Kikuya, Taku Obara, Hirohito Metoki, Ryusuke Inoue, Azusa Hara, Haruhisa Hoshi, Junichiro Hashimoto, Kazuhito Totsune, Hiroshi Satoh, Yoshitomo Oka, Yutaka Imai. (2008) Optimal Cutoff Point of Waist Circumference and Use of Home Blood Pressure as a Definition of Metabolic Syndrome: The Ohasama Study. American Journal of Hypertension 21:5, 514-520
CrossRef124
(2008) Adolescent Overweight and Coronary Heart Disease. New England Journal of Medicine 358:14, 1521-1522
Full Text125
R. BARBA, A. ZAPATERO, J. E. LOSA, V. VALDÉS, J. A. TODOLÍ, P. DI MICCO, M. MONREAL, . (2008) Body mass index and mortality in patients with acute venous thromboembolism: findings from the RIETE registry. Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis 6:4, 595-600
CrossRef126
Kuo-Chin Huang, Long-Teng Lee, Ching-Yu Chen, Pei-Kun Sung. (2008) All-cause and Cardiovascular Disease Mortality Increased With Metabolic Syndrome in Taiwanese. Obesity 16:3, 684-689
CrossRef127
Hwee-Lin Wee, Yin-Bun Cheung, Wai-Chiong Loke, Chee-Beng Tan, Mun-Hong Chow, Shu-Chuen Li, Kok-Yong Fong, David Feeny, David Machin, Nan Luo, Julian Thumboo. (2008) The Association of Body Mass Index with Health-Related Quality of Life: An Exploratory Study in a Multiethnic Asian Population. Value in Health 11, S105-S114
CrossRef128
Sun Ha Jee, Ji Wan Park, Sang-Yi Lee, Byung-Ho Nam, Hwang Gun Ryu, Su Young Kim, Youn Nam Kim, Ja Kyoung Lee, Sun Mi Choi, Ji Eun Yun. (2008) Stroke risk prediction model: A risk profile from the Korean study. Atherosclerosis 197:1, 318-325
CrossRef129
Sorina E. Eftim, Jonathan M. Samet, Holly Janes, Aidan McDermott, Francesca Dominici. (2008) Fine Particulate Matter and Mortality. Epidemiology 19:2, 209-216
CrossRef130
Ji Wan Park, Ji Eun Yun, Taesung Park, Eorin Cho, Sun Ha Jee, Yangsu Jang, Terri H. Beaty, Jonathan M. Samet. (2008) Family history of diabetes and risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in Korean men and women. Atherosclerosis 197:1, 224-231
CrossRef131
Christopher J. O’Donnell, Roberto Elosua. (2008) Factores de riesgo cardiovascular. Perspectivas derivadas del Framingham Heart Study. Revista Española de Cardiología 61:3, 299-310
CrossRef132
Ji Wan Park, Sang-Yi Lee, Su Young Kim, Heon Choe, Sun Ha Jee. (2008) BMI and Stroke Risk in Korean Women. Obesity 16:2, 396-401
CrossRef133
Tímea Gombos, Krisztina Kertész, Ágnes Csíkos, Ulrika Söderhamn, Olle Söderhamn, Zoltán Prohászka. (2008) Nutritional form for the elderly is a reliable and valid instrument for the determination of undernutrition risk, and it is associated with health-related quality of life. Nutrition Research 28:2, 59-65
CrossRef134
G.L. Moneta. (2008) Overweight, Obesity, and Mortality in a Large Prospective Cohort of Persons 50 to 71 Years Old. Yearbook of Vascular Surgery 2008, 48-50
CrossRef135
Avraham Weiss, Yichayaou Beloosesky, Mona Boaz, Alexandra Yalov, Ran Kornowski, Ehud Grossman. (2008) Body Mass Index is Inversely Related to Mortality in Elderly Subjects. Journal of General Internal Medicine 23:1, 19-24
CrossRef136
Shinkwan Kang, Soonduck Kim, Jesuk Lee. (2008) Prevalence Rates and Risk Factors of Overweight and Obesity in Children and Adolescents -Using Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005 Data-. Korean Journal of Epidemiology 30:2, 188
CrossRef137
Jason A. Efstathiou, Kyounghwa Bae, William U. Shipley, Gerald E. Hanks, Miljenko V. Pilepich, Howard M. Sandler, Matthew R. Smith. (2007) Obesity and mortality in men with locally advanced prostate cancer. Cancer 110:12, 2691-2699
CrossRef138
Juan Cosín Aguilar, Amparo Hernándiz Martínez, Xavier Masramón Morell, Rosa Arístegui Urrestarazu, Amparo Aguilar Llopis, José Luis Zamorano Gómez, Beatriz Armada Peláez, Luis Rodríguez Padial. (2007) Sobrepeso y obesidad en pacientes con hipertensión arterial. Estudio CORONARIA. Medicina Clínica 129:17, 641-645
CrossRef139
Mohsen Janghorbani, Masoud Amini, Walter C. Willett, Mohammad Mehdi Gouya, Alireza Delavari, Siamak Alikhani, Alireza Mahdavi. (2007) First Nationwide Survey of Prevalence of Overweight, Underweight, and Abdominal Obesity in Iranian Adults. Obesity 15:11, 2797-2808
CrossRef140
Sean H. Chang, P Toby H. Coates, Stephen P. McDonald. (2007) Effects of Body Mass Index at Transplant on Outcomes of Kidney Transplantation. Transplantation 84:8, 981-987
CrossRef141
Nicolino Ambrosino, Gerardo Palmiero, Soo-Kyung Strambi. (2007) New Approaches in Pulmonary Rehabilitation. Clinics in Chest Medicine 28:3, 629-638
CrossRef142
Runa Hallin, Gunnar Gudmundsson, Charlotte Suppli Ulrik, Markku M. Nieminen, Thorarinn Gislason, Eva Lindberg, Eva Brøndum, Tiina Aine, Per Bakke, Christer Janson. (2007) Nutritional status and long-term mortality in hospitalised patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Respiratory Medicine 101:9, 1954-1960
CrossRef143
Sjöström, Lars, Narbro, Kristina, Sjöström, C. David, Karason, Kristjan, Larsson, Bo, Wedel, Hans, Lystig, Ted, Sullivan, Marianne, Bouchard, Claude, Carlsson, Björn, Bengtsson, Calle, Dahlgren, Sven, Gummesson, Anders, Jacobson, Peter, Karlsson, Jan, Lindroos, Anna-Karin, Lönroth, Hans, Näslund, Ingmar, Olbers, Torsten, Stenlöf, Kaj, Torgerson, Jarl, Ågren, Göran, Carlsson, Lena M.S., . (2007) Effects of Bariatric Surgery on Mortality in Swedish Obese Subjects. New England Journal of Medicine 357:8, 741-752
Full Text144
Nicolino Ambrosino, Anita Simonds. (2007) The clinical management in extremely severe COPD. Respiratory Medicine 101:8, 1613-1624
CrossRef145
Jeffrey L. Anderson, Cynthia D. Adams, Elliott M. Antman, Charles R. Bridges, Robert M. Califf, Donald E. Casey, William E. Chavey, Francis M. Fesmire, Judith S. Hochman, Thomas N. Levin, A. Michael Lincoff, Eric D. Peterson, Pierre Theroux, Nanette Kass Wenger, R. Scott Wright, Sidney C. Smith, Alice K. Jacobs, Cynthia D. Adams, Jeffrey L. Anderson, Elliott M. Antman, Jonathan L. Halperin, Sharon A. Hunt, Harlan M. Krumholz, Frederick G. Kushner, Bruce W. Lytle, Rick Nishimura, Joseph P. Ornato, Richard L. Page, Barbara Riegel. (2007) ACC/AHA 2007 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Unstable Angina/Non–ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 50:7, e1-e157
CrossRef146
Raphael See, Shuaib M. Abdullah, Darren K. McGuire, Amit Khera, Mahesh J. Patel, Jason B. Lindsey, Scott M. Grundy, James A. de Lemos. (2007) The Association of Differing Measures of Overweight and Obesity With Prevalent Atherosclerosis. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 50:8, 752-759
CrossRef147
Volker Arndt, Dietrich Rothenbacher, Bernd Zschenderlein, Stephan Schuberth, Hermann Brenner. (2007) Body Mass Index and Premature Mortality in Physically Heavily Working Men???A Ten-Year Follow-Up of 20,000 Construction Workers. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 49:8, 913-921
CrossRef148
Mi Young Ahn, Sang Deok Jee, Byung Mu Lee. (2007) Antiobesity Effects of Isaria sinclairii by Repeated Oral Treatment in Obese Zucker Rats Over a 4-Month Period
. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A 70:15-16, 1395-1401
CrossRef149
G. Hart Tyson, Evelio Rodriguez, Omur Cinar Elci, Theodore C. Koutlas, W. Randolph Chitwood, T. Bruce Ferguson, Alan P. Kypson. (2007) Cardiac Procedures in Patients With a Body Mass Index Exceeding 45: Outcomes and Long-Term Results. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 84:1, 3-9
CrossRef150
G. Benker, M. Epe, H.M. Schulte, M. Ludwig. (2007) Metabolische und endokrinologische Ursachen von Blutungsstörungen. Gynäkologische Endokrinologie 5:2, 80-86
CrossRef151
Joann E. Manson, Shari S. Bassuk, Frank B. Hu, Meir J. Stampfer, Graham A. Colditz, Walter C. Willett. (2007) Estimating The Number of Deaths Due to Obesity: Can The Divergent Findings Be Reconciled?. Journal of Women's Health 16:2, 168-176
CrossRef152
Mehmet Rami Helvaci, Hasan Kaya, Atilla Yalcin, Guven Kuvandik. (2007) Prevalence of White Coat Hypertension in Underweight and Overweight Subjects. International Heart Journal 48:5, 605-613
CrossRef153
Lisa R Young, Marion Nestle. (2007) Portion Sizes and Obesity: Responses of Fast-Food Companies. Journal of Public Health Policy 28:2, 238-248
CrossRef154
Joohon Sung, Sung-il Cho. (2007) Strategy Considerations in Genome Cohort Construction in Korea. Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health 40:2, 95
CrossRef155
(2006) Overweight, Obesity, and Mortality. New England Journal of Medicine 355:25, 2699-2701
Full Text156
(2006) Body-Mass Index and Mortality in Korean Men and Women. New England Journal of Medicine 355:25, 2701-2702
Full Text157
Byers, Tim, . (2006) Overweight and Mortality among Baby Boomers — Now We're Getting Personal. New England Journal of Medicine 355:8, 758-760
Full Text
- Letters
