Original Article
Continuous Positive Airway Pressure for Central Sleep Apnea and Heart Failure
N Engl J Med 2005; 353:2025-2033November 10, 2005
- Abstract
Background
The Canadian Continuous Positive Airway Pressure for Patients with Central Sleep Apnea and Heart Failure trial tested the hypothesis that continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) would improve the survival rate without heart transplantation of patients who have central sleep apnea and heart failure.
Methods
After medical therapy was optimized, 258 patients who had heart failure (mean age [±SD], 63±10 years; ejection fraction, 24.5±7.7 percent) and central sleep apnea (number of episodes of apnea and hypopnea per hour of sleep, 40±16) were randomly assigned to receive CPAP (128 patients) or no CPAP (130 patients) and were followed for a mean of two years. During follow-up, sleep studies were conducted and measurements of the ejection fraction, exercise capacity, quality of life, and neurohormones were obtained.
Results
Three months after undergoing randomization, the CPAP group, as compared with the control group, had greater reductions in the frequency of episodes of apnea and hypopnea (–21±16 vs. –2±18 per hour, P<0.001) and in norepinephrine levels (–1.03±1.84 vs. 0.02±0.99 nmol per liter, P=0.009), and greater increases in the mean nocturnal oxygen saturation (1.6±2.8 percent vs. 0.4±2.5 percent, P<0.001), ejection fraction (2.2±5.4 percent vs. 0.4±5.3 percent, P=0.02), and the distance walked in six minutes (20.0±55 vs. –0.8±64.8 m, P=0.016). There were no differences between the control group and the CPAP group in the number of hospitalizations, quality of life, or atrial natriuretic peptide levels. An early divergence in survival rates without heart transplantation favored the control group, but after 18 months the divergence favored the CPAP group, yet the overall event rates (death and heart transplantation) did not differ (32 vs. 32 events, respectively; P=0.54).
Conclusions
Although CPAP attenuated central sleep apnea, improved nocturnal oxygenation, increased the ejection fraction, lowered norepinephrine levels, and increased the distance walked in six minutes, it did not affect survival. Our data do not support the use of CPAP to extend life in patients who have central sleep apnea and heart failure.
Media in This Article
Figure 1
Effect of CPAP on the Frequency of Episodes of Apnea and Hypopnea, Mean and Minimal Nocturnal Oxygen Saturation, and Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction.Figure 2
The Primary Event Rate (Death or Heart Transplantation per 100 Person-Years) for the Two Groups Combined.Article Activity
- Article
Central sleep apnea, which is present in approximately 25 to 40 percent of patients with chronic heart failure,1-3 results from cyclic hyperventilation and falls in the partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide below the apnea threshold.4 The condition affects cardiovascular function adversely by causing tissue hypoxia, arousals from sleep, and activation of the sympathetic nervous system, and it independently increases the risk of death.1,5,6
In short-term, single-center randomized trials lasting one to three months involving small numbers of patients who had central sleep apnea and chronic heart failure, continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) attenuated the central sleep apnea, increased the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), reduced daytime levels of atrial natriuretic peptide and plasma norepinephrine, and improved the patients' quality of life.4,7,8 In one trial, among patients receiving CPAP, there was a trend toward fewer deaths and heart transplantations.5 However, that trial involved only 29 patients and was conducted before there was wide use of beta-blockers to treat heart failure.
We therefore undertook a multicenter trial to test the hypothesis that long-term treatment of central sleep apnea with the use of CPAP in patients who have heart failure and are receiving optimal medical therapy reduces the combined rates of death and heart transplantation.9 During the trial, we also evaluated the effect of CPAP on the LVEF, quality of life, submaximal exercise, number of hospitalizations, and levels of plasma norepinephrine and atrial natriuretic peptide.
Methods
Study Design
The Canadian Continuous Positive Airway Pressure for Patients with Central Sleep Apnea and Heart Failure (CANPAP) trial was a randomized, open-label trial in which outcomes were evaluated at 11 centers9 by investigators blinded to the treatment assignments. It was supported by a grant from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) University Industry Program (UI-14909) in partnership with Respironics, ResMed, and Tyco Healthcare. The sponsors had no role in the conception or design of the study; the collection, analysis, or interpretation of the data; or the drafting or revision of the manuscript. The research ethics board of each institution approved the protocol.8 Enrollment occurred after patients provided written informed consent.
Patients
Candidates for participation in the trial included men and women 18 to 79 years of age who had New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class II through IV heart failure due to ischemic, hypertensive, or idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy and whose condition had been stabilized by means of optimal medical therapy for at least one month; an LVEF of less than 40 percent on radionuclide angiography; and central sleep apnea, defined as 15 or more episodes of apnea and hypopnea per hour of sleep, more than 50 percent of which were determined to be central rather than obstructive. The exclusion criteria were pregnancy, myocardial infarction, unstable angina or cardiac surgery within the previous three months, and obstructive sleep apnea.
Baseline Assessment
Eligible patients underwent clinical assessment followed by overnight polysomnography. Sleep stages and arousals, episodes of apnea and hypopnea, and the mean and lowest arterial oxygen saturation levels were assessed according to uniform methods at all centers.4,10,11 Respiratory efforts were measured with the use of respiratory inductance plethysmography, and airflow by nasal pressure.2,3,6,12-15 Central sleep apnea was defined as the absence of tidal volume for 10 or more seconds without thoracoabdominal motion,3,4 and central hypopnea as a reduction of 50 percent or more in tidal volume from baseline for 10 or more seconds without airflow limitation, as detected with the measurement of nasal pressure.4,12 Apnea and hypopnea were classified as obstructive if there was out-of-phase motion of the rib cage and abdomen, or if airflow limitation was present.3,12 The apnea–hypopnea index was defined as the number of episodes of apnea and hypopnea per hour of sleep. The diagnosis of central sleep apnea required an apnea–hypopnea index of 15 or more events per hour, with more than 50 percent of the events determined to be central rather than obstructive .2,3
Resting LVEF on radionuclide angiography, the distance walked in six minutes,16 and the quality of life (assessed with the use of patients' responses to the Chronic Heart Failure Questionnaire, which assesses patients' functioning with regard to dyspnea, fatigue, emotional functioning, and disease mastery according to a seven-point scale, with lower scores indicating worse condition)4,17 were then determined. At three centers, the levels of atrial natriuretic peptide and plasma norepinephrine were measured between 9 a.m. and 11 a.m.
Randomization
Eligible patients were randomly assigned to the control group, who continued to receive optimal medical therapy for chronic heart failure,18 or to the treatment group, who received CPAP in addition to the medical therapy. Randomization was performed by a computer-generated schedule in random blocks of four and six and was stratified according to study center and brand of CPAP device. Treatment assignment was communicated to the study centers by the data management center after verification that the patient met all the eligibility criteria. Patients assigned to CPAP underwent further randomization in a 2:1:1 ratio to one of the devices (Respironics Remstar Pro, ResMed Sullivan VII, or Tyco Healthcare GoodKnight 420S, respectively). The use of CPAP devices from three different companies was a consequence of the arrangements made for study funding.
Initiation of CPAP
CPAP was initiated over two to three nights, which the patients spent in an unmonitored sleep laboratory or a hospital bed,4,7,8 starting at a pressure of 5 cm of water the first night, then increasing by 2 to 3 cm of water over the next one or two nights until reaching a pressure of 10 cm of water (a level shown to attenuate central sleep apnea)4,5,7 or the highest pressure tolerated. Patients were instructed to use CPAP for at least six hours nightly at home during the trial. If necessary, the pressure was raised to 10 cm of water or the highest level tolerated at the follow-up visits at the end of month 1 or month 3. At each follow-up visit, the number of hours during which CPAP was used was downloaded from a meter that measured the amount of time the mask was used.
Assessment of Outcomes
Clinical assessments were performed at one, three, and six months after randomization, and every six months thereafter. Polysomnography was performed at 3 and 24 months. LVEF, the distance walked in six minutes, and quality of life were assessed at 3, 6, and 24 months. At three centers, levels of plasma norepinephrine and atrial natriuretic peptide were obtained at 3, 6, and 24 months. Patients were followed from randomization until death, heart transplantation, or the end of the study. The time and cause of death or time of heart transplantation were ascertained from medical records or death certificates and were verified by an end-point adjudication committee.
To confirm previous evidence that CPAP attenuates central sleep apnea and improves cardiovascular function after three months, we calculated the changes from baseline in the apnea–hypopnea index, mean and minimum nocturnal oxygen saturation, LVEF, and levels of plasma norepinephrine and atrial natriuretic peptide at three months and throughout the remainder of the trial.4,7,8 The primary outcome was the combined rate of death from all causes and heart transplantation (the data were censored as of the date of transplantation). Secondary outcomes included death alone and transplantation-free survival, with censoring of data on patients who dropped out, the number of hospital admissions confirmed on the basis of medical records, and changes from baseline in the distance walked in six minutes and in the quality of life.
Sample Size
The size of the sample for the primary outcome was calculated with the use of the log-rank test, assuming an annual event rate of 24 percent in the control group,5,6,9,15 with a relative hazard ratio for CPAP of 0.65. At a two-sided alpha level of 0.05, with 80 percent power, we estimated that 204 patients per group would be required.19
Statistical Analysis
Kaplan–Meier estimates were used to visualize survival without heart transplantation. Cox proportional-hazards analysis was used to compare transplantation-free survival between groups. The primary statistical analysis was according to the intention-to-treat principle. A secondary analysis of this outcome, with data on those who dropped out censored as of the dropout date, was also performed. Generalized linear models for binomial and Poisson distributed outcomes were used to assess changes in the overall event rate over time.20
Further analyses with the use of Cox proportional-hazards models examined the effects of interactions between the treatment assignment and compliance with the treatment, age, NYHA class, LVEF, cause of heart failure, medications, and body-mass index on the primary outcome. The number of hospital admissions in the two groups were compared with the use of the Wilcoxon rank-sum test. For the analysis of repeated measurements of the secondary outcomes collected over time, we used a model of longitudinal data, and the measurements were compared between groups with the use of linear mixed-effects models, wherein we examined interactions between time and treatment over the duration of the trial. We also analyzed secondary outcomes a priori after three months, which was the point in the study for which we had the most complete follow-up data. All data analyses were performed with S-Plus 6.2 software (Insightful). All P values are two-sided. Continuous data are expressed as means ±SD, unless otherwise indicated.
After the first 200 patients had been followed for a minimum of six months, the data and safety monitoring committee performed a prespecified interim analysis. It recommended termination of the study because of an early divergence of the transplantation-free survival curves favoring the control group, enrollment at only 50 percent of the predicted rate, and a falling rate of death and heart transplantation that precluded the ability to detect a difference in the primary outcome between the two groups with the originally predicted sample size. On the basis of this recommendation, the executive committee stopped the trial on May 21, 2004.
Results
Patients
Of 727 patients who were screened between December 1998 and May 2004, 345 met the eligibility criteria, of whom 258 agreed to participate and underwent randomization: 130 patients were assigned to the control group and 128 to the CPAP group. Table 1Table 1
Baseline Characteristics of the Patients. shows the similarity in baseline characteristics of the two groups. Ninety-six percent of the patients were men, consistent with the epidemiology of heart failure in patients of a similar age21 and with the predominance of men among those with heart failure who have central sleep apnea.3,4,6,15,22,23 The mean apnea–hypopnea index of 40 per hour indicates severe central sleep apnea. Although some misclassification of hypopnea is possible, the overwhelming predominance of episodes of central apnea and hypopnea makes overlap with mainly obstructive sleep apnea unlikely (Table 1).
Compliance and Dropout Rate
During the course of the trial, 20 patients in each group (15.5 percent) dropped out, refusing further evaluation. In the CPAP group, the average number of hours of daily use of CPAP varied between 4.3 hours during the first three months to 3.6 hours at one year and beyond. The CPAP averaged 8 to 9 cm of water at three months and beyond.
Effect of CPAP on Central Sleep Apnea and Cardiovascular Function
At three months, the patients assigned to CPAP had a greater (50 percent) reduction in the apnea–hypopnea index than those in the control group (–21±16 vs. –2±18 per hr, P<0.001) (Figure 1Figure 1
Effect of CPAP on the Frequency of Episodes of Apnea and Hypopnea, Mean and Minimal Nocturnal Oxygen Saturation, and Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction.) and greater increases in mean oxygen saturation (1.6±2.8 percent vs. 0.4±2.5 percent, P<0.001) and minimum oxygen saturation (4.7±7.3 percent vs. 0.9±6.0 percent, P<0.001) (Figure 1). These changes were sustained throughout the trial. There were no changes in sleep time, distribution of sleep stages, or frequency of arousal in either group (P>0.19 for each variable). At three months, CPAP caused a greater increase in LVEF (2.2±5.4 percent vs. 0.4±5.3 percent, P=0.02) (Figure 1) and a greater reduction in levels of plasma norepinephrine (–1.03±1.84 vs. 0.02±0.99 nmol per liter, P=0.009) than did no intervention. These benefits were sustained for up to two years. CPAP had no significant effect on levels of atrial natriuretic peptide (P=0.64).Primary Outcome
Collection of follow-up data on patients for the primary end point stopped on May 21, 2004, when the trial was terminated by the executive committee. Primary outcome data were obtained for all patients, including dropouts. The mean follow-up interval was 2 years (range, 0 to 64 months). The rate of the primary event decreased from 20 to 4 per 100 person-years between 1998–1999 and 2004 (P=0.003) (Figure 2Figure 2
The Primary Event Rate (Death or Heart Transplantation per 100 Person-Years) for the Two Groups Combined.). This falling event rate was associated with a changing pattern of drug therapy. During the same period, more patients were receiving beta-blockers (a change from 58 percent to 86 percent, P<0.001) and spironolactone (a change from 14 percent to 41 percent, P=0.001) and fewer patients were receiving digoxin (a change from 72 percent to 36 percent, P=0.002) at the time of enrollment. The use of beta-blockers and spironolactone also increased between the time of baseline assessment and the time of the last follow-up visit for the two groups (beta-blockers, from 77 percent to 83 percent, P<0.001; and spironolactone, from 34 percent to 51 percent, P=0.04), but between the groups, the changes did not differ significantly (P>0.18 for each drug).During follow-up, there were 28 deaths and four heart transplantations in the control group and 27 deaths and five heart transplantations in the CPAP group. Most of the deaths were due to cardiovascular causes (Table 2Table 2
Causes of Death.). In the proportional-hazards model, there was no difference in transplantation-free survival between the control group and the CPAP group (hazard ratio for heart transplantation, 1.16; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.71 to 1.90; P=0.54) (Figure 3Figure 3
Heart-Transplantation–free Survival.). However, the hazards appeared to be nonproportional during the follow-up period (chi-square = 10.9, P=0.001). There was a divergence of event rates in the first 18 months favoring the control group (hazard ratio for an event, 1.5; P=0.02) that was reversed after 18 months to favor CPAP (hazard ratio for an event, 0.66; P=0.06). The level of CPAP and the hours of use were not related to the rate of the primary event. There was no significant interaction between treatment assignment and the seven variables included in the statistical analysis. A post hoc analysis did not detect any significant difference in the primary event rate among the three CPAP devices (P=0.31).Secondary Outcomes
Death rates alone did not differ significantly between the two groups of patients (hazard ratio for death, 1.1; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.65 to 1.88; P=0.714). With the use of a time-dependent covariate to indicate dropout, the analysis of survival among the patients who did drop out was found to be worse than among those who did not (hazard ratio for death, 3.8; P<0.001), with 10 events among the 20 dropouts from the CPAP group and 9 events among the 20 dropouts from the control group. Neither overall transplantation-free survival (hazard ratio for death, 1.04; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.78 to 1.4; P=0.778) nor survival during the first 18 months (hazard ratio for death, 1.4; P=0.10) differed significantly between patients in the control group and those in the CPAP group who remained in the trial.
The number of hospitalizations did not differ significantly between the control group and the CPAP group (hospitalizations per patient per year, 0.56±0.56 vs. 0.61±0.72; P=0.45). The distance walked in six minutes increased more in the CPAP group than in the control group at three months (20.0±55 vs. –0.8±64.8 m, P=0.016), but not over the whole study period; the average difference was 11.1 m (95 percent confidence interval, –5.3 to 27.5), favoring the CPAP group (P=0.18). Changes in patients' scores on the Chronic Heart Failure Questionnaire did not differ significantly between the two groups.
Discussion
The CANPAP trial tested the effects of CPAP on morbidity and mortality among patients with central sleep apnea and chronic heart failure. The trial addressed two important issues: First, it confirmed the findings of previous small, short-term trials that CPAP attenuates central sleep apnea, improves nocturnal oxygenation and left ventricular systolic function, and lowers plasma norepinephrine levels,4,5,7 and it showed that these effects are sustained with long-term therapy. Second, the trial failed to demonstrate any beneficial influence of CPAP on transplantation-free survival, number of hospitalizations, or quality of life. Therefore, although CPAP improved several physiological outcomes, this improvement did not translate into longer transplantation-free survival. CPAP did result in an increase of 20 m in the distance walked in six minutes during the first three months of follow-up, but this improvement was not sustained.
CPAP has been shown to improve cardiovascular function in patients with heart failure who have central sleep apnea only when the treatment reduces the apnea–hypopnea index.4,5,7,8,22 Because CPAP does not attenuate central sleep apnea in patients with heart failure when the treatment is titrated over one night,22-24 we mandated a gradual upward-titration protocol.4,7,8 This resulted in a significant reduction in the apnea–hypopnea index, which was accompanied by an increase in nocturnal oxygen saturation that persisted for at least two years. Nonetheless, the reduction of 50 percent in the apnea–hypopnea index was less than had been achieved in previous trials with the use of similar upward titration and CPAP pressures,4 factors that may have contributed to the lack of a beneficial effect on clinical outcomes.
Improvement in daytime LVEF may be due to several factors, including a reduction in cardiac sympathetic drive,7,25,26 left ventricular unloading resulting from an increase in intrathoracic pressure,27 and reduced myocardial ischemia due to improvement in oxygen saturation.28,29 However, the increase of 2.2 percent in the LVEF was less than the increase of 7.7 percent observed in our first randomized trial.4 We attribute this difference to the higher initial LVEF (24.5 percent vs. 20.0 percent) and the greater proportion of patients receiving beta-blockers in the present trial (77 percent vs. <20 percent). Owing to the overlap in the effects of beta-blockade and CPAP on ventricular function,30 the potential for further improvement in the LVEF when CPAP is added may be limited. The high rate of use of beta-blockers may also have reduced the potential for a beneficial effect on clinical outcomes.
The early divergence of event rates that initially favored the control group but favored the CPAP group after 18 months was not anticipated (Figure 3). It suggests that CPAP had an early adverse effect in some patients. Two possible reasons may be the effect of the dropouts and improvements in background medical therapy. The early difference in transplantation-free survival between the control group and the CPAP group is diminished if it is calculated by excluding the patients who dropped out (among whom event rates were higher than among those who did not drop out). Background medical therapy is of importance, because the acute effect of CPAP in heart failure is a function of left ventricular preload: when filling pressures are high, the cardiac output increases, and when pressures are low, it decreases.31 We cannot exclude the possibility that upward titration of CPAP reduced cardiac output in some patients with low filling pressures, owing to more vigorous diuresis or other medical interventions. If so, a slower CPAP titration might have avoided some adverse events.
In summary, CPAP attenuated central sleep apnea and improved nocturnal oxygenation, left ventricular function, sympathetic nervous activity, and (at least initially) submaximal exercise performance. However, the CANPAP trial did not demonstrate a beneficial effect of CPAP on morbidity or mortality in these patients with central sleep apnea and heart failure. Because of a declining primary event rate, which was possibly due in part to concurrent improvements in drug therapy,32,33 it would have required a trial three times the size of ours to determine whether the physiological improvements observed were surrogates for clinically important outcomes.19 Although the CANPAP trial ultimately lacked the power to conclude with certainty that CPAP is ineffective in this patient population, our data do not support its routine use to extend life in patients with central sleep apnea and heart failure. However, this recommendation may not be applicable to patients with heart failure who have obstructive sleep apnea, the pathophysiology of which, arising from pharyngeal occlusion, differs from that of central sleep apnea.1-3,34-38
Supported by a grant from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) through its University–Industry Program (UIP). In accordance with the policy of the UIP, one third of the funding was provided by the CIHR and two thirds was provided by the industry partners. Four industry partners each agreed to provide 25 percent of the industry contribution, including donation of its brand of CPAP device. One industry partner (Healthdyne) was acquired by another (Respironics), which provided 50 percent of the industry contribution. Supported also by a Senior Scientist Award from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (to Dr. Bradley); a National Scientist Award from the Fonds de la Recherche en Santé du Québec (to Dr. Sériès); and by a Canada Research Chair in Integrative Cardiovascular Biology and a Career Investigator Award from the Heart and Stroke Foundation of Ontario (to Dr. Floras).
All authors of the manuscript report having received grant support from Respironics, ResMed, and Tyco Healthcare in partnership with the CIHR for participation in the trial. Dr. Ferguson reports having received lecture fees from GlaxoSmithKline, Respironics, and VitalAire; Dr. Pfeifer, grant support from Respironics; Dr. Floras, a speaking honorarium from Respironics subsequent to public presentation of the CANPAP trial results; and Dr. Hanly reports having equity ownership in Tyco Healthcare.
Source Information
From the Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto (T.D.B., A.G.L., P.H., G.T., J.S.F.); the Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal (R.J.K., M.S.); the Department of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, Que. (F.S.); the Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, N.S. (D.M.); the Department of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London (K.F.); the Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta. (I.B.); the Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (J.F.) — all in Canada; and the Department of Medicine, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany (M.P.).
Address reprint requests to Dr. Bradley at the Department of Medicine, Toronto General Hospital of the University Health Network, Room 9N-943, 200 Elizabeth St., Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada, or at douglas.bradley@utoronto.ca.
The investigators in the Canadian Continuous Positive Airway Pressure for Patients with Central Sleep Apnea and Heart Failure (CANPAP) trial are listed in the Appendix.
Appendix
The following investigators and study administrators participated in the CANPAP trial: Executive Committee: T.D. Bradley (chair), A.G. Logan, and J.S. Floras. Advisory Committee: N. Anthonisen and E.R. Smith. Data and Safety Monitoring Committee: M. Bourassa (chair), D. Stewart, and L. Magee. End Point Adjudication Committee: J.S Floras (chair), I. Belenkie, and J. Howlett. CANPAP Sites and Investigators: Canada — University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.: I. Belenkie and W. Whitelaw; University of Alberta, Edmonton: M. Heule; Dalhousie University, Halifax, N.S.: D. Morrison and J. Howlett; University of Western Ontario, London: K.A. Ferguson; McGill University, Montreal: R.J. Kimoff and M. Smilovitch; Laval University, Quebec City, Que.: F. Sériès and M.H. Leblanc; University of Toronto, Toronto: Site A — Toronto General Hospital of the University Health Network: T.D. Bradley, A.G. Logan, J.S. Floras, H. Ross, D. Delgado, and R.S.T. Leung; Site B — St. Michael's Hospital: P.J. Hanly; University of British Columbia, Vancouver: J. Fleetham, K. Gin, and J. Wilson; University of Manitoba, Winnipeg: S. Corne and E. Azevedo; Germany — University of Regensburg, Regensburg: M. Pfeifer, S. Montalvan-Dobmayr, and T. Schichtl. CANPAP trial managers: F.S. Fitzgerald, N. Catherine, and G. Hopkins. Data management center: Prosserman Centre for Health Research, Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute of the Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto (D. Ng, data manager). Trial statisticians: G. Tomlinson and R.K. Parkes.
- References
References
1
Bradley TD ,Floras JS . Sleep apnea and heart failure. Part II: central sleep apnea. Circulation 2003;107:1822-1826
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline2
Javaheri S ,Parker TJ ,Liming JD , et al. Sleep apnea in 81 ambulatory male patients with stable heart failure: types and their prevalences, consequences, and presentations. Circulation 1998;97:2154-2159
Web of Science | Medline3
Sin DD ,Fitzgerald F ,Parker JD ,Newton G ,Floras JS ,Bradley TD . Risk factors for central and obstructive sleep apnea in 450 men and women with congestive heart failure. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1999;160:1101-1106
Web of Science | Medline4
Naughton MT ,Liu PP ,Benard DC ,Goldstein RS ,Bradley TD . Treatment of congestive heart failure and Cheyne-Stokes respiration during sleep by continuous positive airway pressure. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1995;151:92-97
Web of Science | Medline5
Sin DD ,Logan AG ,Fitzgerald FS ,Liu PP ,Bradley TD . Effects of continuous positive airway pressure on cardiovascular outcomes in heart failure patients with and without Cheyne-Stokes respiration. Circulation 2000;102:61-66
Web of Science | Medline6
Lanfranchi PA ,Braghiroli A ,Bosimini E , et al. Prognostic value of nocturnal Cheyne-Stokes respiration in chronic heart failure. Circulation 1999;99:1435-1440
Web of Science | Medline7
Naughton MT ,Benard DC ,Liu PP ,Rutherford R ,Rankin F ,Bradley TD . Effects of nasal CPAP on sympathetic activity in patients with heart failure and central sleep apnea. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1995;152:473-479
Web of Science | Medline8
Tkacova R ,Liu PP ,Naughton MT ,Bradley TD . Effects of continuous positive airway pressure on mitral regurgitant fraction and atrial natriuretic peptide in patients with heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 1997;30:739-745
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline9
Bradley TD ,Logan AG ,Floras JS . Rationale and design of the Canadian Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Trial for Congestive Heart Failure Patients with Central Sleep Apnea -- CANPAP. Can J Cardiol 2001;17:677-684
Web of Science | Medline10
Rechtschaffen A, Kales AA. A manual of standardized terminology, techniques and scoring system for sleep stages of human subjects. Los Angeles: UCLA Brain Information Service/Brain Research Institute, 1968.
11
Sleep Disorders Atlas Task Force of the American Sleep Disorders Association
Medline12
Clark SA ,Wilson CR ,Satoh M ,Pegelow D ,Dempsey JA . Assessment of inspiratory flow limitation invasively and noninvasively during sleep. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1998;158:713-722
Web of Science | Medline13
Staats BA ,Bonekat HW ,Harris CD ,Offord KP . Chest wall motion in sleep apnea. Am Rev Respir Dis 1984;130:59-63
Web of Science | Medline14
Sleep-related breathing disorders in adults: recommendations for syndrome definition and measurement techniques in clinical research. Sleep 1999;22:667-689
Web of Science | Medline15
Hanly PJ ,Zuberi-Khokhar NS . Increased mortality associated with Cheyne-Stokes respiration in patients with congestive heart failure. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1996;153:272-276
Web of Science | Medline16
O'Keeffe ST ,Lye M ,Donnellan C ,Carmichael DN . Reproducibility and responsiveness of quality of life assessment and six minute walk test in elderly heart failure patients. Heart 1998;80:377-382
Web of Science | Medline17
Guyatt GH ,Nogradi S ,Halcrow S ,Singer J ,Sullivan MJ ,Fallen EL . Development and testing of a new measure of health status for clinical trials in heart failure. J Gen Intern Med 1989;4:101-107
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline18
Johnstone DE ,Abdulla A ,Arnold JM , et al. Diagnosis and management of heart failure. Can J Cardiol 1994;10:613-31, 635
Web of Science | Medline19
Schoenfeld DA ,Richter JR . Nomogram for calculating the number of patients needed for a clinical trial with survival as an endpoint. Biometrics 1982;38:163-170
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline20
McCullagh P, Nelder JA. Generalized linear models. London: Chapman and Hall, 1983.
21
Redfield MM ,Jacobsen SJ ,Burnett JC Jr ,Mahoney DW ,Bailey KR ,Rodehoffer RJ . Burden of systolic and diastolic ventricular dysfunction in the community: appreciating the scope of the heart failure epidemic. JAMA 2003;289:194-202
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline22
Davies RJ ,Harrington KJ ,Ormerod OJ ,Stradling JR . Nasal continuous positive airway pressure in chronic heart failure with sleep-disordered breathing. Am Rev Respir Dis 1993;147:630-634
Web of Science | Medline23
Buckle P ,Millar T ,Kryger M . The effect of short-term nasal CPAP on Cheyne-Stokes respiration in congestive heart failure. Chest 1992;102:31-35
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline24
Guilleminault C ,Clerk A ,Labanowski M ,Simmons J ,Stoohs R . Cardiac failure and benzodiazepines. Sleep 1993;16:524-528
Web of Science | Medline25
Kaye DM ,Mansfield D ,Aggarwal A ,Naughton MT ,Esler MD . Acute effects of continuous positive airway pressure on cardiac sympathetic tone in congestive heart failure. Circulation 2001;103:2336-2338
Web of Science | Medline26
Naughton MT ,Rahman A ,Hara K ,Floras JS ,Bradley TD . Effects of continuous positive airway pressure on intrathoracic and left ventricular transmural pressure in patients with congestive heart failure. Circulation 1995;91:1725-1731
Web of Science | Medline27
Freedman NJ ,Lefkowitz RJ . Anti-beta(1)-adrenergic receptor antibodies and heart failure: causation, not just correlation. J Clin Invest 2004;113:1379-1382
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline28
Franklin KA ,Nilsson JB ,Sahlin C ,Naslund U . Sleep apnoea and nocturnal angina. Lancet 1995;345:1085-1087
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline29
Leung RS ,Bradley TD . Sleep apnea and cardiovascular disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2001;164:2147-2165
Web of Science | Medline30
Packer M ,Colucci WS ,Sackner-Bernstein JD , et al. Double-blind, placebo-controlled study of the effects of carvedilol in patients with moderate to severe heart failure -- the PRECISE Trial: Prospective Randomized Evaluation of Carvedilol on Symptoms and Exercise. Circulation 1996;94:2793-2799
Web of Science | Medline31
Bradley TD ,Holloway RM ,McLaughlin PR ,Ross BL ,Walters J ,Liu PP . Cardiac output response to continuous positive airway pressure in congestive heart failure. Am Rev Respir Dis 1992;145:377-382
Web of Science | Medline32
Packer M ,Coats AJ ,Fowler MB , et al. Effect of carvedilol on survival in severe chronic heart failure. N Engl J Med 2001;344:1651-1658
Full Text | Web of Science | Medline33
Pitt B ,Zannad F ,Remme WJ , et al. The effect of spironolactone on morbidity and mortality in patients with severe heart failure. N Engl J Med 1999;341:709-717
Full Text | Web of Science | Medline34
Kaneko Y ,Floras JS ,Usui K , et al. Cardiovascular effects of continuous positive airway pressure in patients with heart failure and obstructive sleep apnea. N Engl J Med 2003;348:1233-1241
Full Text | Web of Science | Medline35
Usui K ,Bradley TD ,Spaak J , et al. Inhibition of awake sympathetic nerve activity of heart failure patients with obstructive sleep apnea by nocturnal continuous positive airway pressure. J Am Coll Cardiol 2005;45:2008-2011
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline36
Mansfield DR ,Gollogly NC ,Kaye DM ,Richardson M ,Bergin P ,Naughton MT . Controlled trial of continuous positive airway pressure in obstructive sleep apnea and heart failure. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2004;169:361-366
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline37
Bradley TD ,Floras JS . Sleep apnea and congestive heart failure. Part I: obstructive sleep apnea. Circulation 2003;107:1671-1678
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline38
Malone S ,Liu PP ,Holloway R ,Rutherford R ,Xie A ,Bradley TD . Obstructive sleep apnoea in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy: effects of continuous positive airway pressure. Lancet 1991;338:1480-1484
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline
- Citing Articles (177)
Citing Articles
1
Richard B. Berry. 2012. Consequences of Obstructive Sleep Apnea and the Benefits of Treatment. , 281-298.
CrossRef2
Richard B. Berry. 2012. Central Sleep Apnea and Hypoventilation Syndromes. , 375-408.
CrossRef3
Kendra Becker, Charles Poon, Jennifer L. Martin. 2012. Sleep Disorders in Geriatric Patients. , 735-748.
CrossRef4
Winfried J. Randerath. 2012. Central and Mixed Sleep-Related Breathing Disorders. , 243-253.
CrossRef5
Richard L. Verrier, Murray A. Mittleman. 2012. Sleep-Related Cardiac Disorders. , 585-594.
CrossRef6
Thomas Brack, Winfried Randerath, Konrad E. Bloch. (2012) Cheyne-Stokes Respiration in Patients with Heart Failure: Prevalence, Causes, Consequences and Treatments. Respiration 83:2, 165-176
CrossRef7
Sanjaya Gupta, Todd Arnedt. 2011. Sleep and Cardiovascular Disease. , 135-152.
CrossRef8
Bhavneesh Sharma, David McSharry, Atul Malhotra. (2011) Sleep Disordered Breathing in Patients with Heart Failure: Pathophysiology and Management. Current Treatment Options in Cardiovascular Medicine 13:6, 506-516
CrossRef9
Apostolos Karavidas, Fotis Kapsimalis, George Lazaros, Evaggelos Markozanes, Sophia Arapi, Kiriaki Cholidou, Vassiliki Matzaraki, Konstantina Kyrkou, Dimitris Tsiachris, Evaggelos Matsakas, Vlassios Pyrgakis, Manos Alchanatis. (2011) The impact of positive airway pressure on cardiac status and clinical outcomes in patients with advanced heart failure and sleep-disordered breathing: a preliminary report. Sleep and Breathing 15:4, 701-709
CrossRef10
Ken Monahan, Susan Redline. (2011) Role of obstructive sleep apnea in cardiovascular disease. Current Opinion in Cardiology 26:6, 541-547
CrossRef11
Takatoshi Kasai, JoAnne Arcand, Johane P. Allard, Susanna Mak, Eduardo R. Azevedo, Gary E. Newton, T. Douglas Bradley. (2011) Relationship Between Sodium Intake and Sleep Apnea in Patients With Heart Failure. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 58:19, 1970-1974
CrossRef12
Sophie D. West, John R. Stradling. 2011. CPAP therapy: Results of randomized controlled trials in obstructive sleep apnea. , 475-500.
CrossRef13
Ailiang Xie, Curtis A. Smith,, Jerome A. Dempsey. 2011. Sleep-induced breathing instability. , 53-81.
CrossRef14
N. Haruki, M. Takeuchi, K. Kaku, H. Yoshitani, H. Kuwaki, M. Tamura, H. Abe, M. Okazaki, A. Tsutsumi, Y. Otsuji. (2011) Comparison of acute and chronic impact of adaptive servo-ventilation on left chamber geometry and function in patients with chronic heart failure. European Journal of Heart Failure 13:10, 1140-1146
CrossRef15
J. M. A. A. van der Maaten, P. J. Wijkstra. (2011) Adaptive servo-ventilation in heart failure associated with central sleep apnoea. Is it effective in both acute and chronic setting?. European Journal of Heart Failure 13:10, 1049-1051
CrossRef16
Claudio Carnevale, Marjolaine Georges, Claudio Rabec, Renaud Tamisier, Patrick Levy, Jean-Louis Pépin. (2011) Effectiveness of Adaptive Servo Ventilation in the treatment of hypocapnic central sleep apnea of various etiologies. Sleep Medicine
CrossRef17
J. S. Floras. (2011) Transvenous phrenic nerve stimulation for central sleep apnoea in heart failure: chicken or egg?. European Heart Journal
CrossRef18
Shigetake Sasayama. (2011) Treatment Options for Cheyne-Stokes Respiration and Heart Failure. Current Heart Failure Reports 8:3, 155-158
CrossRef19
STAVROS DIMOPOULOS, NIKOLAOS DIAKOS, ELENI TSELIOU, ATHANASIOS TASOULIS, ANTHI MPOUCHLA, CHRISTOS MANETOS, LAMBROS KATSAROS, STAVROS DRAKOS, JOHN TERROVITIS, SERAFIM NANAS. (2011) Chronotropic Incompetence and Abnormal Heart Rate Recovery Early after Left Ventricular Assist Device Implantation. Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiologyno-no
CrossRef20
P. Ponikowski, S. Javaheri, D. Michalkiewicz, B. A. Bart, D. Czarnecka, M. Jastrzebski, A. Kusiak, R. Augostini, D. Jagielski, T. Witkowski, R. N. Khayat, O. Oldenburg, K.-J. Gutleben, T. Bitter, R. Karim, C. Iber, A. Hasan, K. Hibler, R. Germany, W. T. Abraham. (2011) Transvenous phrenic nerve stimulation for the treatment of central sleep apnoea in heart failure. European Heart Journal
CrossRef21
Chie Nakazaki, Akiko Noda, Yoshinari Yasuda, Seiichi Nakata, Yasuo Koike, Fumihiko Yasuma, Toyoaki Murohara, Tsutomu Nakashima. (2011) Continuous positive airway pressure intolerance associated with elevated nasal resistance is possible mechanism of complex sleep apnea syndrome. Sleep and Breathing
CrossRef22
Tomasz J. Kuźniar, Kamilla Kasibowska-Kuźniar. (2011) Sleep-Disordered Breathing. Disease-a-Month 57:8, 394-402
CrossRef23
K.G. Häusler, U. Laufs, M. Endres. (2011) Neurologische Aspekte bei chronischer Herzinsuffizienz. Der Nervenarzt 82:6, 733-742
CrossRef24
Sandhya Murthy, Hannah I. Lipman. (2011) Management of End-Stage Heart Failure. Primary Care: Clinics in Office Practice 38:2, 265-276
CrossRef25
Robert S. McKelvie, Gordon W. Moe, Anson Cheung, Jeannine Costigan, Anique Ducharme, Estrellita Estrella-Holder, Justin A. Ezekowitz, John Floras, Nadia Giannetti, Adam Grzeslo, Karen Harkness, George A. Heckman, Jonathan G. Howlett, Simon Kouz, Kori Leblanc, Elizabeth Mann, Eileen O'Meara, Miroslav Rajda, Vivek Rao, Jessica Simon, Elizabeth Swiggum, Shelley Zieroth, J. Malcolm O. Arnold, Tom Ashton, Michel D'Astous, Paul Dorian, Haissam Haddad, Debra L. Isaac, Marie-Hélène Leblanc, Peter Liu, Bruce Sussex, Heather J. Ross. (2011) The 2011 Canadian Cardiovascular Society Heart Failure Management Guidelines Update: Focus on Sleep Apnea, Renal Dysfunction, Mechanical Circulatory Support, and Palliative Care. Canadian Journal of Cardiology 27:3, 319-338
CrossRef26
ALAA SHALABY, CHARLES W. ATWOOD, FAITH SELZER, MATTHEW SUFFOLETTO, JOHN GORCSAN III, PATRICK STROLLO. (2011) Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy and Obstructive Sleep-Related Breathing Disorder in Patients with Congestive Heart Failure. Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology 34:5, 593-603
CrossRef27
Saman Nazarian. (2011) Ventricular arrhythmia and sleep-related breathing disorders. Heart Rhythm 8:5, 663-664
CrossRef28
Shusuke Yagi, Masashi Akaike, Takashi Iwase, Kenya Kusunose, Toshiyuki Niki, Koji Yamaguchi, Kunihiko Koshiba, Yoshio Taketani, Noriko Tomita, Hirotsugu Yamada, Takeshi Soeki, Tetsuzo Wakatsuki, Masataka Sata. (2011) Acute hemodynamic effects of adaptive servo ventilation in patients with pulmonary hypertension. International Journal of Cardiology 148:1, 125-127
CrossRef29
Resham Baruah, Alberto Giannoni, Keith Willson, Yoseph Mebrate, Jamil Mayet, Michele Emdin, Alun D. Hughes, Charlotte H. Manisty, Darrel P. Francis. (2011) Reply. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 57:17, 1789-1790
CrossRef30
Daisuke Harada, Shuji Joho, Yoshitaka Oda, Tadakazu Hirai, Hidetsugu Asanoi, Hiroshi Inoue. (2011) Short term effect of adaptive servo-ventilation on muscle sympathetic nerve activity in patients with heart failure. Autonomic Neuroscience 161:1-2, 95-102
CrossRef31
Patricia Lloberes, Joaquín Durán-Cantolla, Miguel Ángel Martínez-García, José María Marín, Antoni Ferrer, Jaime Corral, Juan Fernando Masa, Olga Parra, Mari Luz Alonso-Álvarez, Joaquín Terán-Santos. (2011) Diagnóstico y tratamiento del síndrome de apneas-hipopneas del sueño. Archivos de Bronconeumología 47:3, 143-156
CrossRef32
Rami Kahwash, Donald Kikta, Rami Khayat. (2011) Recognition and Management of Sleep-Disordered Breathing in Chronic Heart Failure. Current Heart Failure Reports 8:1, 72-79
CrossRef33
M. Lainscak, L. Blue, A. L. Clark, U. Dahlstrom, K. Dickstein, I. Ekman, T. McDonagh, J. J. McMurray, M. Ryder, S. Stewart, A. Stromberg, T. Jaarsma. (2011) Self-care management of heart failure: practical recommendations from the Patient Care Committee of the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology. European Journal of Heart Failure 13:2, 115-126
CrossRef34
Marco Metra, Valerio Zacà, Gianfranco Parati, Piergiuseppe Agostoni, Maria Bonadies, Marco Ciccone, Alessandra Dei Cas, Massimo Iacoviello, Rocco Lagioia, Carolina Lombardi, Raffaele Maio, Damiano Magrì, Giuseppe Musca, Margherita Padeletti, Francesco Perticone, Natalia Pezzali, Massimo Piepoli, Angela Sciacqua, Luisa Zanolla, Savina Nodari, Pasquale Perrone Filardi, Livio Dei Cas. (2011) Cardiovascular and noncardiovascular comorbidities in patients with chronic heart failure. Journal of Cardiovascular Medicine 12:2, 76-84
CrossRef35
Shahrokh Javaheri. 2011. Heart Failure. , 1400-1415.
CrossRef36
Akiomi Yoshihisa, Takeshi Shimizu, Takashi Owada, Yuichi Nakamura, Shoji Iwaya, Hiroyuki Yamauchi, Makiko Miyata, Yasuto Hoshino, Takamasa Sato, Satoshi Suzuki, Koichi Sugimoto, Takayoshi Yamaki, Hiroyuki Kunii, Kazuhiko Nakazato, Hitoshi Suzuki, Shu-ichi Saitoh, Yasuchika Takeishi. (2011) Adaptive Servo Ventilation Improves Cardiac Dysfunction and Prognosis in Chronic Heart Failure Patients With Cheyne-Stokes Respiration. International Heart Journal 52:4, 218-223
CrossRef37
Patricia Lloberes, Joaquín Durán-Cantolla, Miguel Ángel Martínez-García, José María Marín, Antoni Ferrer, Jaime Corral, Juan Fernando Masa, Olga Parra, Mari Luz Alonso-Álvarez, Joaquín Terán-Santos. (2011) Diagnosis and treatment of sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome. Archivos de Bronconeumología (English Edition) 47:3, 143-156
CrossRef38
Peter Buchanan, Ronald Grunstein. 2011. Positive Airway Pressure Treatment for Obstructive Sleep Apnea–Hypopnea Syndrome. , 1233-1249.
CrossRef39
J. Floras, S. Andreas. (2011) Sleep apnoea and malignant ventricular arrhythmias in heart failure. European Heart Journal 32:1, 10-12
CrossRef40
F. Sériès. (2011) Vingt ans de traitement par la pression positive continue automatique. Médecine du Sommeil 8:1, 15-20
CrossRef41
Andrew Wellman, David P. White. 2011. Central Sleep Apnea and Periodic Breathing. , 1140-1152.
CrossRef42
C. Philippe, F. Viau. (2011) Mise en place de la ventilation auto asservie. Médecine du Sommeil 8:1, 39-46
CrossRef43
C. Jilek, M. Krenn, D. Sebah, R. Obermeier, A. Braune, V. Kehl, S. Schroll, S. Montalvan, G. A. J. Riegger, M. Pfeifer, M. Arzt. (2011) Prognostic impact of sleep disordered breathing and its treatment in heart failure: an observational study. European Journal of Heart Failure 13:1, 68-75
CrossRef44
Alberto Giannoni, Resham Baruah, Keith Willson, Yoseph Mebrate, Jamil Mayet, Michele Emdin, Alun D. Hughes, Charlotte H. Manisty, Darrel P. Francis. (2010) Real-Time Dynamic Carbon Dioxide Administration. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 56:22, 1832-1837
CrossRef45
Vijay U. Rao, John R. Teerlink. 2010. Treating Systolic Heart Failure. , 287-326.
CrossRef46
Tapan Desai, Meena Khan, Nitin Y. Bhatt. (2010) Positive Airway Pressure Treatment of Adult Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea. Sleep Medicine Clinics 5:3, 347-359
CrossRef47
S. Javaheri. (2010) Positive Airway Pressure Treatment of Central Sleep Apnea with Emphasis on Heart Failure, Opioids, and Complex Sleep Apnea. Sleep Medicine Clinics 5:3, 407-417
CrossRef48
Kannan Ramar, Clete A. Kushida. (2010) CPAP and BPAP Titration. Sleep Medicine Clinics 5:3, 335-346
CrossRef49
Kirk Kee, Scott A. Sands, Bradley A. Edwards, Philip J. Berger, Matthew T. Naughton. (2010) Positive Airway Pressure in Congestive Heart Failure. Sleep Medicine Clinics 5:3, 393-405
CrossRef50
S. Steiner, R. Willinghöfer. (2010) Kardiale Auswirkungen der obstruktiven Schlafapnoe. Der Internist 51:7, 857-862
CrossRef51
Gary S. Francis, Barry H. Greenberg, Daphne T. Hsu, Brian E. Jaski, Mariell Jessup, Martin M. LeWinter, Francis D. Pagani, Ileana L. Piña, Marc J. Semigran, Mary Norine Walsh, David H. Wiener, Clyde W. Yancy. (2010) ACCF/AHA/ACP/HFSA/ISHLT 2010 Clinical Competence Statement on Management of Patients With Advanced Heart Failure and Cardiac Transplant. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 56:5, 424-453
CrossRef52
Alexander G. Logan, T. Douglas Bradley. (2010) Sleep Apnea and Cardiovascular Disease. Current Hypertension Reports 12:3, 182-188
CrossRef53
Heart Failure Society of America. (2010) Section 6: Nonpharmacologic Management and Health Care Maintenance in Patients With Chronic Heart Failure. Journal of Cardiac Failure 16:6, e61-e72
CrossRef54
Bernardo Selim, Christine Won, H. Klar Yaggi. (2010) Cardiovascular Consequences of Sleep Apnea. Clinics in Chest Medicine 31:2, 203-220
CrossRef55
Bhavneesh Sharma, Robert Owens, Atul Malhotra. (2010) Sleep in Congestive Heart Failure. Medical Clinics of North America 94:3, 447-464
CrossRef56
P. J. Wijkstra, D. J van Veldhuisen. (2010) Central sleep apnoea: another important comorbidity in heart failure?. European Journal of Heart Failure 12:4, 309-310
CrossRef57
Juliane Wedewardt, Thomas Bitter, Christian Prinz, Lothar Faber, Dieter Horstkotte, Olaf Oldenburg. (2010) Cheyne–Stokes respiration in heart failure: Cycle length is dependent on left ventricular ejection fraction. Sleep Medicine 11:2, 137-142
CrossRef58
A. Vazir, P.C. Hastings, M.J. Morrell, J. Pepper, M.Y. Henein, S. Westaby, P.A. Poole-Wilson, M.R. Cowie, A.K. Simonds. (2010) Resolution of central sleep apnoea following implantation of a left ventricular assist device. International Journal of Cardiology 138:3, 317-319
CrossRef59
Mahdi Chowdhury, Suzanne Adams, David J. Whellan. (2010) Sleep-Disordered Breathing and Heart Failure: Focus on Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Treatment With Continuous Positive Airway Pressure. Journal of Cardiac Failure 16:2, 164-174
CrossRef60
Peter C. Hastings, Ali Vazir, Guy E. Meadows, Mark Dayer, Philip A. Poole-Wilson, Hugh F. McIntyre, Mary J. Morrell, Martin R. Cowie, Anita K. Simonds. (2010) Adaptive servo-ventilation in heart failure patients with sleep apnea: A real world study. International Journal of Cardiology 139:1, 17-24
CrossRef61
Kirk Kee, Matthew T. Naughton. (2010) Heart Failure and the Lung. Circulation Journal 74:12, 2507-2516
CrossRef62
Faisal Khan, Ribhi Hazin, Yuchi Han. (2010) Apneic Disorders Associated with Heart Failure: Pathophysiology and Clinical Management. Southern Medical Journal 103:1, 44-50
CrossRef63
Akihito Uematsu, Toshiki Akahoshi, Koumei Igei, Kenichi Nagaoka, Tomohiro Hattori, Noriaki Takahashi, Tsuneto Akashiba, Syu Hashimoto. (2010) Nasal CPAP. Journal of Nihon University Medical Association 69:1, 29-32
CrossRef64
T. Bitter, D. Horstkotte, O. Oldenburg. (2009) Therapie der Cheyne-Stokes-Atmung bei Herzinsuffizienz. Somnologie - Schlafforschung und Schlafmedizin 13:4, 204-210
CrossRef65
Andrew D. Calvin, Felipe N. Albuquerque, Taro Adachi, Virend K. Somers. (2009) Obstructive sleep apnea and heart failure. Current Treatment Options in Cardiovascular Medicine 11:6, 447-454
CrossRef66
Kirk Kee, Matthew T Naughton. (2009) Heart failure and sleep-disordered breathing: mechanisms, consequences and treatment. Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine 15:6, 565-570
CrossRef67
Rami N. Khayat, David Jarjoura, Brian Patt, Todd Yamokoski, William T. Abraham. (2009) In-hospital Testing for Sleep-disordered Breathing in Hospitalized Patients With Decompensated Heart Failure: Report of Prevalence and Patient Characteristics. Journal of Cardiac Failure 15:9, 739-746
CrossRef68
Filippos Triposkiadis, George Karayannis, Grigorios Giamouzis, John Skoularigis, George Louridas, Javed Butler. (2009) The Sympathetic Nervous System in Heart Failure. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 54:19, 1747-1762
CrossRef69
Paul J. Mills, Joel E. Dimsdale, Loki Natarajan, Michael G. Ziegler, Alan Maisel, Barry H. Greenberg. (2009) Sleep and Health-Related Quality of Life in Heart Failure. Congestive Heart Failure 15:5, 228-233
CrossRef70
Sanja Jelic, Thierry H. Jemtel. (2009) Sleep-disordered breathing in acute decompensated heart failure. Current Heart Failure Reports 6:3, 169-175
CrossRef71
Bradley A. Edwards, Scott A. Sands, Clare Feeney, Elizabeth M. Skuza, Vojta Brodecky, Malcolm H. Wilkinson, Philip J. Berger. (2009) Continuous positive airway pressure reduces loop gain and resolves periodic central apneas in the lamb. Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology 168:3, 239-249
CrossRef72
Safwan Badr. (2009) Central sleep apnea in patients with congestive heart failure. Heart Failure Reviews 14:3, 135-141
CrossRef73
Samuel L. Krachman, Gilbert E. D’Alonzo, Irene Permut, Wissam Chatila. (2009) Treatment of sleep disordered breathing in congestive heart failure. Heart Failure Reviews 14:3, 195-203
CrossRef74
Winfried J. Randerath, Wolfgang Galetke, Marlene Kenter, Kerstin Richter, Thorsten Schäfer. (2009) Combined adaptive servo-ventilation and automatic positive airway pressure (anticyclic modulated ventilation) in co-existing obstructive and central sleep apnea syndrome and periodic breathing. Sleep Medicine 10:8, 898-903
CrossRef75
Martin A. Valdivia-Arenas, Michael Powers, Rami N. Khayat. (2009) Sleep-disordered breathing in patients with decompensated heart failure. Heart Failure Reviews 14:3, 183-193
CrossRef76
T. Rasekaba, A. L. Lee, M. T. Naughton, T. J. Williams, A. E. Holland. (2009) The six-minute walk test: a useful metric for the cardiopulmonary patient. Internal Medicine Journal 39:8, 495-501
CrossRef77
C. T. Chan. (2009) A critical look at acute decompensated heart failure from a nephrologist's perspective. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 24:7, 2024-2026
CrossRef78
Austin Chin Chwan Ng, Saul Benedict Freedman. (2009) Sleep disordered breathing in chronic heart failure. Heart Failure Reviews 14:2, 89-99
CrossRef79
Nishant B Jalandhara, Anil Patel, Rohit R Arora, Priyanka Jalandhara. (2009) Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Cardiopulmonary Perspective and Medical Therapeutics. American Journal of Therapeutics 16:3, 257-263
CrossRef80
M. A. Alattar, S. M. Scharf. (2009) Opioid-associated central sleep apnea: a case series. Sleep and Breathing 13:2, 201-206
CrossRef81
Sarah J. Goodlin. (2009) End-of-life care in heart failure. Current Cardiology Reports 11:3, 184-191
CrossRef82
Harrison G. Bloom, Imran Ahmed, Cathy A. Alessi, Sonia Ancoli-Israel, Daniel J. Buysse, Meir H. Kryger, Barbara A. Phillips, Michael J. Thorpy, Michael V. Vitiello, Phyllis C. Zee. (2009) Evidence-Based Recommendations for the Assessment and Management of Sleep Disorders in Older Persons. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 57:5, 761-789
CrossRef83
Dai Yumino, Hanqiao Wang, John S. Floras, Gary E. Newton, Susanna Mak, Pimon Ruttanaumpawan, John D. Parker, T. Douglas Bradley. (2009) Prevalence and Physiological Predictors of Sleep Apnea in Patients With Heart Failure and Systolic Dysfunction. Journal of Cardiac Failure 15:4, 279-285
CrossRef84
Hiroshi NAKAMURA, Takashi KANEMURA, Chikashi TAKARA, Akira TSUKAYAMA, Kazuyo TOHYAMA, Tsuyoshi MATSUMOTO, Kunitoshi ISEKI. (2009) A retrospective analysis of 4000 patients with obstructive sleep apnea in Okinawa, Japan. Sleep and Biological Rhythms 7:2, 103-112
CrossRef85
ANIL-MARTIN SINHA, ALEXANDER BAUER, ERIC C. SKOBEL, KAI-U MARKUS, GUIDO RITSCHER, GEORG NOELKER, OLE-ALEXANDER BREITHARDT, JOHANNES BRACHMANN, CHRISTOPH STELLBRINK. (2009) Long-Term Effects of Dynamic Atrial Overdrive Pacing on Sleep-Related Breathing Disorders in Pacemaker or Cardioverter Defibrillator Recipients. Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology 32, S219-S222
CrossRef86
MICHAEL ARZT, MARTINA SCHULZ, STEPHAN SCHROLL, STEPHAN BUDWEISER, T. DOUGLAS BRADLEY, GÜNTER A. J. RIEGGER, M. PFEIFER. (2009) Time course of continuous positive airway pressure effects on central sleep apnoea in patients with chronic heart failure. Journal of Sleep Research 18:1, 20-25
CrossRef87
WOLFRAM GRIMM, JULIA SHARKOVA, JÖRG HEITMANN, ANDREAS JERRENTRUP, ULRICH KOEHLER, BERNHARD MAISCH. (2009) Sleep-Disordered Breathing in Recipients of Implantable Defibrillators. Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology 32, S8-S11
CrossRef88
Margherita Padeletti, Philip Green, Anne M. Mooney, Robert C. Basner, Donna M. Mancini. (2009) Sleep disordered breathing in patients with acutely decompensated heart failure. Sleep Medicine 10:3, 353-360
CrossRef89
Micha T. Maeder, Peter Ammann, Thomas Münzer, Otto D. Schoch, Wolfgang Korte, Christoph Hürny, Jonathan Myers, Hans Rickli. (2009) Continuous positive airway pressure improves exercise capacity and heart rate recovery in obstructive sleep apnea. International Journal of Cardiology 132:1, 75-83
CrossRef90
Richard S.T. Leung. (2009) Sleep-Disordered Breathing: Autonomic Mechanisms and Arrhythmias. Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases 51:4, 324-338
CrossRef91
Mark H. Sanders, Patrick J. Strollo, Charles W. Atwood, Ronald A. Stiller, Christopher P. O'Donnell. 2009. Positive Airway Pressure in the Treatment of Sleep Apnea-Hypopnea. , 340-360.
CrossRef92
T Douglas Bradley, John S Floras. (2009) Obstructive sleep apnoea and its cardiovascular consequences. The Lancet 373:9657, 82-93
CrossRef93
Danny J. Eckert, Atul Malhotra, Amy S. Jordan. (2009) Mechanisms of Apnea. Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases 51:4, 313-323
CrossRef94
Matthew T. Naughton, Geraldo Lorenzi-Filho. (2009) Sleep in Heart Failure. Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases 51:4, 339-349
CrossRef95
Shigetake Sasayama, Tohru Izumi, Masunori Matsuzaki, Akira Matsumori, Hidetsugu Asanoi, Shin-ichi Momomura, Yoshihiko Seino, Kenji Ueshima, The CHF-HOT Study Group. (2009) Improvement of Quality of Life With Nocturnal Oxygen Therapy in Heart Failure Patients With Central Sleep Apnea. Circulation Journal 73:7, 1255-1262
CrossRef96
Woo Sung Kim. (2009) Cardovascular Impacts of Sleep-disordered Breathing. Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases 66:3, 173
CrossRef97
Atul Malhotra, Joseph Loscalzo. (2009) Sleep and Cardiovascular Disease: An Overview. Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases 51:4, 279-284
CrossRef98
Sudhansu Chokroverty. 2009. Sleep Disturbances in General Medical Disorders. , 550-580.
CrossRef99
Christian Guilleminault, Michael Zupancic. 2009. Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome. , 319-339.
CrossRef100
Sarah J. Goodlin. (2008) Why should palliative care clinicians learn about heart failure?. Progress in Palliative Care 16:5, 215-219
CrossRef101
Satish Bhadriraju, Carlton R. Kemp, Mani Cheruvu, Srinivas Bhadriraju. (2008) Sleep Apnea Syndrome. Critical Pathways in Cardiology: A Journal of Evidence-Based Medicine 7:4, 248-253
CrossRef102
Winfried J. Randerath, Wolfgang Galetke, Sven Stieglitz, Cordula Laumanns, Thorsten Schäfer. (2008) Adaptive servo-ventilation in patients with coexisting obstructive sleep apnoea/hypopnoea and Cheyne–Stokes respiration. Sleep Medicine 9:8, 823-830
CrossRef103
Cheryl H. Zambroski, David B. Bekelman. (2008) Palliative symptom management in patients with heart failure. Progress in Palliative Care 16:5, 241-249
CrossRef104
Bradley A. Edwards, Scott A. Sands, Elizabeth M. Skuza, Elaine M. Stockx, Vojta Brodecky, Malcolm H. Wilkinson, Philip J. Berger. (2008) Increased peripheral chemosensitivity via dopaminergic manipulation promotes respiratory instability in lambs. Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology 164:3, 419-428
CrossRef105
Farouk Mookadam, Andrew D. Calvin, Virend K. Somers. (2008) Prevalence and management of central sleep apnea in heart failure patients. Current Heart Failure Reports 5:4, 233-237
CrossRef106
Josep Masip. (2008) Noninvasive ventilation in acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema. Current Opinion in Critical Care 14:5, 531-535
CrossRef107
Susanne Brenner, Christiane Angermann, Berthold Jany, Georg Ertl, Stefan Störk. (2008) Sleep-Disordered Breathing and Heart Failure. Trends in Cardiovascular Medicine 18:7, 240-247
CrossRef108
Shahrokh Javaheri. (2008) Sleep dysfunction in heart failure. Current Treatment Options in Neurology 10:5, 323-335
CrossRef109
T. Schäfer, M. E. Schläfke, M. Westhoff, H.-W. Duchna, T. Penzel, S. Scholle, M. Orth, . (2008) Zentrale Schlafapnoe –Pathophysiologie, Relevanz, Diagnostik und Therapie. Somnologie - Schlafforschung und Schlafmedizin 12:3, 190-204
CrossRef110
E. N. Simantirakis, S. E. Schiza, N. S. Siafakas, P. E. Vardas. (2008) Sleep-disordered breathing in heart failure and the effect of cardiac resynchronization therapy. Europace 10:9, 1029-1033
CrossRef111
Ingo Fietze, Alexander Blau, Martin Glos, Heinz Theres, Gert Baumann, Thomas Penzel. (2008) Bi-level positive pressure ventilation and adaptive servo ventilation in patients with heart failure and Cheyne-Stokes respiration. Sleep Medicine 9:6, 652-659
CrossRef112
Carmen Carmona-Bernal, Aránzazu Ruiz-García, Manuel Villa-Gil, Angeles Sánchez-Armengol, Esther Quintana-Gallego, Francisco Ortega-Ruiz, Gonzalo Barón-Esquivias, Francisco Capote. (2008) Quality of life in patients with congestive heart failure and central sleep apnea. Sleep Medicine 9:6, 646-651
CrossRef113
Virend K. Somers, David P. White, Raouf Amin, William T. Abraham, Fernando Costa, Antonio Culebras, Stephen Daniels, John S. Floras, Carl E. Hunt, Lyle J. Olson, Thomas G. Pickering, Richard Russell, Mary Woo, Terry Young. (2008) Sleep Apnea and Cardiovascular Disease. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 52:8, 686-717
CrossRef114
Gloria Y. Yeh, Joseph E. Mietus, Chung-Kang Peng, Russell S. Phillips, Roger B. Davis, Peter M. Wayne, Ary L. Goldberger, Robert J. Thomas. (2008) Enhancement of sleep stability with Tai Chi exercise in chronic heart failure: Preliminary findings using an ECG-based spectrogram method. Sleep Medicine 9:5, 527-536
CrossRef115
Matthew T. Naughton. (2008) Common Sleep Problems in ICU: Heart Failure and Sleep-Disordered Breathing Syndromes. Critical Care Clinics 24:3, 565-587
CrossRef116
Thomas E Vanhecke, Barry A Franklin, Steven C Ajluni, R Bart Sangal, Peter A McCullough. (2008) Cardiorespiratory fitness and sleep-related breathing disorders. Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy 6:5, 745-758
CrossRef117
Anjali H Anselm, Nadine Gauthier, Rob SB Beanlands, Haissam Haddad. (2008) Sleep apnea in chronic heart failure. Current Opinion in Internal Medicine 7:3, 220-225
CrossRef118
Ali Vazir, Peter C. Hastings, Ioannis Papaioannou, Philip A. Poole-Wilson, Martin R. Cowie, Mary J. Morrell, Anita K. Simonds. (2008) Variation in severity and type of sleep-disordered breathing throughout 4 nights in patients with heart failure. Respiratory Medicine 102:6, 831-839
CrossRef119
Utpal N. Sagar, Mustafa M. Ahmed, Suzanne Adams, David J. Whellan. (2008) Does Body Mass Index Really Matter in the Management of Heart Failure?. Cardiology in Review 16:3, 124-128
CrossRef120
Tomasz J. Kuzniar, Snigdha Pusalavidyasagar, Peter C. Gay, Timothy I. Morgenthaler. (2008) Natural course of complex sleep apnea—a retrospective study. Sleep and Breathing 12:2, 135-139
CrossRef121
Akram Khan, Faisal Latif, Beau Hawkins, Maroun Tawk, Chittur A. Sivaram, Gary Kinasewitz. (2008) Effects of obstructive sleep apnea treatment on left atrial volume and left atrial volume index. Sleep and Breathing 12:2, 141-147
CrossRef122
C. T Chan. (2008) Reply. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 23:8, 2704-2704
CrossRef123
Ramón San Miguel, Ana María López-González, Eduardo Sanchez-Iriso, Javier Mar, Juan M. Cabasés. (2008) Measuring health-related quality of life in drug clinical trials: is it given due importance?. Pharmacy World & Science 30:2, 154-160
CrossRef124
T. Montemayor. (2008) Sommeil du sujet âgé : Évolution, troubles et prise en charge. Médecine du Sommeil 5:15, 5-9
CrossRef125
Anjali H Anselm, Nadine Gauthier, Rob SB Beanlands, Haissam Haddad. (2008) Sleep apnea in chronic heart failure. Current Opinion in Cardiology 23:2, 121-126
CrossRef126
Peretz Lavie. (2008) Who was the first to use the term Pickwickian in connection with sleepy patients? History of sleep apnoea syndrome. Sleep Medicine Reviews 12:1, 5-17
CrossRef127
Tomotaka Dohi, Takatoshi Kasai, Koji Narui, Sugao Ishiwata, Minoru Ohno, Tetsu Yamaguchi, Shin-ichi Momomura. (2008) Bi-Level Positive Airway Pressure Ventilation for Treating Heart Failure With Central Sleep Apnea That is Unresponsive to Continuous Positive Airway Pressure. Circulation Journal 72:7, 1100-1105
CrossRef128
Patrick J. Strollo, Charles W. Atwood. 2008. Central Sleep Apnea and Other Forms of Sleep-Disordered Breathing. , 929-937.
CrossRef129
Akshay Desai, James C. Fang. (2008) Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction: Hypertension, Diabetes, Obesity/Sleep Apnea, and Hypertrophic and Infiltrative Cardiomyopathy. Heart Failure Clinics 4:1, 87-97
CrossRef130
LINDSAY A. SMITH, DENNIS W. S. CHONG, MARJORIE VENNELLE, MARTIN A. DENVIR, DAVID E. NEWBY, NEIL J. DOUGLAS. (2007) Diagnosis of sleep-disordered breathing in patients with chronic heart failure: evaluation of a portable limited sleep study system. Journal of Sleep Research 16:4, 428-435
CrossRef131
Julio A. Barcena, James C. Fang. (2007) Diagnosis and treatment of sleep apnea in heart disease. Current Treatment Options in Cardiovascular Medicine 9:6, 501-509
CrossRef132
Lee K Brown, Kenneth R Casey. (2007) Complex sleep apnea: the hedgehog and the fox. Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine 13:6, 473-478
CrossRef133
Susmita Chowdhuri, Errol D. Crook, Herman A. Taylor, M Safwan Badr. (2007) Cardiovascular Complications of Respiratory Diseases. The American Journal of the Medical Sciences 334:5, 361-380
CrossRef134
Tomasz J. Kuzniar, Jason M. Golbin, Timothy I. Morgenthaler. (2007) Moving beyond empiric continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) trials for central sleep apnea: a multi-modality titration study. Sleep and Breathing 11:4, 259-266
CrossRef135
John Arthur McClung. (2007) End-of-Life Care in the Treatment of Heart Failure in the Elderly. Heart Failure Clinics 3:4, 539-547
CrossRef136
Karen Morgan, Hannah McGee, Emer Shelley. (2007) Quality of life assessment in heart failure interventions: a 10-year (1996–2005) review. European Journal of Cardiovascular Prevention & Rehabilitation 14:5, 589-607
CrossRef137
Mónica Llombart, Eusebi Chiner, Elia Gómez-Merino, Ada Luz Andreu, Esther Pastor, Ana Camarasa. (2007) Síndrome de apnea central de origen multifactorial tratado mediante soporte ventilatorio domiciliario. Archivos de Bronconeumología 43:8, 467-471
CrossRef138
Susmita Chowdhuri. (2007) Continuous Positive Airway Pressure for the Treatment of Sleep Apnea. Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America 40:4, 807-827
CrossRef139
Ramón C. Hermida, Diana E. Ayala, Francesco Portaluppi. (2007) Circadian variation of blood pressure: The basis for the chronotherapy of hypertension. Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews 59:9-10, 904-922
CrossRef140
Lyle J. Olson, Virend K. Somers. (2007) Sleep apnea: Implications for heart failure. Current Heart Failure Reports 4:2, 63-69
CrossRef141
Austin Chin Chwan Ng, Saul Benedict Freedman, Andrew Paul Sindone. (2007) Autonomic Abnormalities in Congestive Heart Failure Patients With Sleep-Disordered Breathing. Journal of Cardiac Failure 13:5, 395-400
CrossRef142
Dominique Robert, Laurent Argaud. (2007) Non-invasive positive ventilation in the treatment of sleep-related breathing disorders. Sleep Medicine 8:4, 441-452
CrossRef143
Thierry Badoual, Luc Hittinger, Marie-Pia d'Ortho. (2007) Syndrome d'apnées du sommeil et insuffisance cardiaque. La Presse Médicale 36:6, 990-998
CrossRef144
Katsuhisa Banno, Meir H. Kryger. (2007) Sleep apnea: Clinical investigations in humans. Sleep Medicine 8:4, 400-426
CrossRef145
Shahrokh Javaheri, Rakesh Shukla, Haoyue Zeigler, Laura Wexler. (2007) Central Sleep Apnea, Right Ventricular Dysfunction, and Low Diastolic Blood Pressure Are Predictors of Mortality in Systolic Heart Failure. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 49:20, 2028-2034
CrossRef146
Mark E Dunlap. (2007) New Studies Influencing Treatment of Heart Failure: 2006 Update. Pharmacotherapy 27:4 Part 2, 3S-11S
CrossRef147
Timothy J. Barreiro, David J. Gemmel. (2007) Noninvasive Ventilation. Critical Care Clinics 23:2, 201-222
CrossRef148
Thierry H. Le Jemtel, Sanja Jelic. (2007) Seek and Treat Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Heart Failure. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 49:15, 1632-1633
CrossRef149
Miguel A. Arias, Francisco García-Río, Alberto Alonso-Fernández, Ana M. Sánchez. (2007) Síndromes de apneas-hipopneas durante el sueño e insuficiencia cardiaca. Revista Española de Cardiología 60:4, 415-427
CrossRef150
Hanqiao Wang, John D. Parker, Gary E. Newton, John S. Floras, Susanna Mak, Kuo-Liang Chiu, Pimon Ruttanaumpawan, George Tomlinson, T. Douglas Bradley. (2007) Influence of Obstructive Sleep Apnea on Mortality in Patients With Heart Failure. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 49:15, 1625-1631
CrossRef151
Joachim H. Ficker. (2007) Neue Methoden der nasalen Überdrucktherapie bei der Schlafapnoe. Der Pneumologe 4:2, 104-111
CrossRef152
Vidya Krishnan, Nancy A. Collop. (2007) Sleep and Pulmonary Hypertension. Sleep Medicine Clinics 2:1, 99-104
CrossRef153
K. Rasche, M. Orth, A. Kutscha, H. W. Duchna. (2007) Lungenerkrankungen und Herzfunktion. Der Internist 48:3, 276-283
CrossRef154
Timothy A. Connolly, Amir Sharafkhaneh. (2007) Sleep-Related Breathing Disorder and Heart Disease—Central Sleep Apnea. Sleep Medicine Clinics 2:1, 107-117
CrossRef155
M. Arzt, M. Pfeifer. (2007) Auswirkungen der Schlafapnoe auf andere Organsysteme. Der Pneumologe 4:2, 85-94
CrossRef156
Brad Stuart. (2007) Palliative Care and Hospice in Advanced Heart Failure. Journal of Palliative Medicine 10:1, 210-228
CrossRef157
John Arthur McClung. (2007) End-of-Life Care in the Treatment of Heart Failure in the Elderly. Clinics in Geriatric Medicine 23:1, 235-248
CrossRef158
B.A. Phillips. (2007) Continuous Positive Airway Pressure for Central Sleep Apnea and Heart Failure. Yearbook of Pulmonary Disease 2007, 271-274
CrossRef159
W.H. Frishman. (2007) Left Ventricular Assist Device and Drug Therapy for the Reversal of Heart Failure. Yearbook of Medicine 2007, 355-357
CrossRef160
Jun-ichi Suzuki. (2007) Folia Pharmacologica Japonica 129:6, 427-431
CrossRef161
Yoshihiko Seino. (2007) Central Sleep Apnea due to Chronic Heart Failure: Cheyne-Stokes Respiration. Nihon Ika Daigaku Igakkai Zasshi 3:1, 34-38
CrossRef162
Yoshihiko Seino, Hidehiko Imai, Takaaki Nakamoto, Yoshihiko Araki, Shigetake Sasayama. (2007) Clinical Efficacy and Cost-Benefit Analysis of Nocturnal Home Oxygen Therapy in Patients With Central Sleep Apnea Caused by Chronic Heart Failure. Circulation Journal 71:11, 1738-1743
CrossRef163
B.A. Phillips. (2007) Continuous Positive Airway Pressure for Central Sleep Apnea and Heart Failure. Yearbook of Medicine 2007, 283-286
CrossRef164
ANDREAS MUELLER, INGO FIETZE, RICHARD VOELKER, STEPHAN EDDICKS, MARTIN GLOS, GERT BAUMANN, HEINZ THERES. (2006) Screening for sleep-related breathing disorders by transthoracic impedance recording integrated into a Holter ECG system. Journal of Sleep Research 15:4, 455-462
CrossRef165
Snigdha S. Pusalavidyasagar, Eric J. Olson, Peter C. Gay, Timothy I. Morgenthaler. (2006) Treatment of complex sleep apnea syndrome: A retrospective comparative review. Sleep Medicine 7:6, 474-479
CrossRef166
Joaquín Terán Santos, M. Luz Alonso Álvarez, José Cordero Guevara, José María Ayuela Azcárate, José María Monserrat Canal. (2006) Síndrome de apneas-hipopneas durante el sueño y corazón. Revista Española de Cardiología 59:7, 718-724
CrossRef167
Sally Brush, Cheryl Hoyt Zambroski, Kismet Rasmusson. (2006) Palliative Care for the Patient With End-Stage Heart Failure. Progress in Cardiovascular Nursing 21:3, 166-170
CrossRef168
(2006) Sleep Apnea and Heart Disease. New England Journal of Medicine 354:10, 1086-1089
Full Text169
Jean-Louis Pépin, Nathalie Chouri-Pontarollo, Renaud Tamisier, Patrick Lévy. (2006) Cheyne–Stokes respiration with central sleep apnoea in chronic heart failure: Proposals for a diagnostic and therapeutic strategy. Sleep Medicine Reviews 10:1, 33-47
CrossRef170
Barry M. Massie, Thomas Force. (2006) The Year in Heart Failure 2005. Journal of Cardiac Failure 12:1, 1-9
CrossRef171
Fumihiko Yasuma, Toyoaki Murohara. (2006) Should Cardiologists Treat Cheyne-Stokes Respiration and Congestive Heart Failure With Oxygen, Bi-Level/Continuous Positive Airway Pressures or Drugs Alone?. Circulation Journal 70:6, 802
CrossRef172
Zhi-Hui Zhao, Zhi-Hong Liu, Qin Luo, Chang-Ming Xiong, Xin-Hai Ni, Jian Zhang, Shu Zhang, Yue-Jin Yang. (2006) Positive Pressure Ventilation Treatment Reduces Plasma Levels of Amino Terminal-Pro Brain Natriuretic Peptide in Congestive Heart Failure Patients With Sleep Apnea. Circulation Journal 70:5, 572-574
CrossRef173
Takatoshi Kasai, Koji Narui, Tomotaka Dohi, Hisashi Takaya, Naotake Yanagisawa, George Dungan, Sugao Ishiwata, Minoru Ohno, Tetsu Ymaguchi, Shin-ichi Momomura. (2006) First Experience of Using New Adaptive Servo-Ventilation Device for Cheyne-Stokes Respiration With Central Sleep Apnea Among Japanese Patients With Congestive Heart Failure. Circulation Journal 70:9, 1148-1154
CrossRef174
J. Malcolm O. Arnold, Peter Liu, Catherine Demers, Paul Dorian, Nadia Giannetti, Haissam Haddad, George A. Heckman, Jonathan G. Howlett, Andrew Ignaszewski, David E. Johnstone, Philip Jong, Robert S. McKelvie, Gordon W. Moe, John D. Parker, Vivek Rao, Heather J. Ross, Errol J. Sequeira, Anna M. Svendsen, Koon Teo, Ross T. Tsuyuki, Michel White. (2006) Canadian Cardiovascular Society consensus conference recommendations on heart failure 2006: Diagnosis and management. Canadian Journal of Cardiology 22:1, 23-45
CrossRef175
Kazuo Chin. (2006) Nippon Ronen Igakkai Zasshi. Japanese Journal of Geriatrics 43:6, 734-737
CrossRef176
John S. Floras. (2005) Sleep apnea in heart failure: Implications of sympathetic nervous system activation for disease progression and treatment. Current Heart Failure Reports 2:4, 212-217
CrossRef177
Somers, Virend K., . (2005) Sleep — A New Cardiovascular Frontier. New England Journal of Medicine 353:19, 2070-2073
Full Text
- Letters
