Original Article

A Randomized, Controlled Trial of the Use of Pulmonary-Artery Catheters in High-Risk Surgical Patients

James Dean Sandham, M.D., Russell Douglas Hull, M.B., B.S., Rollin Frederick Brant, Ph.D., Linda Knox, R.N., Graham Frederick Pineo, M.D., Christopher J. Doig, M.D., Denny P. Laporta, M.D., Sidney Viner, M.D., Louise Passerini, M.D., Hugh Devitt, M.D., Ann Kirby, M.D., and Michael Jacka, M.D. for the Canadian Critical Care Clinical Trials Group

N Engl J Med 2003; 348:5-14January 2, 2003DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa021108

Abstract

Background

Some observational studies suggest that the use of pulmonary-artery catheters to guide therapy is associated with increased mortality.

Full Text of Background...

Methods

We performed a randomized trial comparing goal-directed therapy guided by a pulmonary-artery catheter with standard care without the use of a pulmonary-artery catheter. The subjects were high-risk patients 60 years of age or older, with American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) class III or IV risk, who were scheduled for urgent or elective major surgery, followed by a stay in an intensive care unit. Outcomes were adjudicated by observers who were unaware of the treatment-group assignments. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality from any cause.

Full Text of Methods...

Results

Of 3803 eligible patients, 1994 (52.4 percent) underwent randomization. The base-line characteristics of the two treatment groups were similar. A total of 77 of 997 patients who underwent surgery without the use of a pulmonary-artery catheter (7.7 percent) died in the hospital, as compared with 78 of 997 patients in whom a pulmonary-artery catheter was used (7.8 percent) — a difference of 0.1 percentage point (95 percent confidence interval, –2.3 to 2.5). There was a higher rate of pulmonary embolism in the catheter group than in the standard-care group (8 events vs. 0 events, P=0.004). The survival rates at 6 months among patients in the standard-care and catheter groups were 88.1 and 87.4 percent, respectively (difference, –0.7 percentage point [95 percent confidence interval, –3.6 to 2.2]; negative survival differences favor standard care); at 12 months, the rates were 83.9 and 83.0 percent, respectively (difference, –0.9 percentage point [95 percent confidence interval, –4.3 to 2.4]). The median hospital stay was 10 days in each group.

Full Text of Results...

Conclusions

We found no benefit to therapy directed by pulmonary-artery catheter over standard care in elderly, high-risk surgical patients requiring intensive care.

Full Text of Discussion...

Read the Full Article...

Media in This Article

Figure 1Kaplan–Meier Survival Curves to One Year.

Figure 2Estimated Differences in In-Hospital Mortality in the Catheter Group as Compared with the Standard-Care Group, Overall and According to American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) Risk Class, Type of Surgery, Sex, Age, and New York Heart Association (NYHA) Class.

Article Activity

458 articles have cited this article

Article

The clinical value of data obtained from pulmonary-artery catheters remains unproven. The light, flexible, balloon-tipped, flow-directed pulmonary-artery catheter was introduced clinically three decades ago,1 and its use has continued without definitive evidence of decreased morbidity or mortality.2 More than 1.5 million pulmonary-artery catheters are inserted into medical and surgical patients in North America annually,3 despite calls for a moratorium4,5 on the use of this invasive technology because observational studies have suggested an association with increased mortality.6-8

Proponents argue that physiological measurements provided by the use of a pulmonary-artery catheter permit refinements of treatment that improve patients' outcomes. This hypothesized benefit has driven the use of the pulmonary-artery catheter in the preoperative, perioperative, and postoperative treatment of patients in whom surgery is considered to entail a high risk because of coexisting conditions.9 Studies to date of the use of pulmonary-artery catheters in populations of surgical patients have yielded inconsistent results, ranging from decreased mortality10-14 to no effect15,16 or increased morbidity or mortality.17,18 Two systematic reviews19,20 that analyzed the small, randomized clinical trials that included elderly surgical patients9,10,17,21-33 showed no overall benefit. In a mixed population of surgical patients, medical patients, and patients with myocardial infarction,6-8 investigators found that pulmonary-artery catheters may increase morbidity and mortality or be of no benefit.

A prospective cohort study by Connors et al.8 that involved a mixed population of medical and surgical patients in intensive care units showed increased mortality, length of stay, and costs associated with use of a pulmonary-artery catheter. This study generated intense interest in the lay press34 and professional publications. Subsequent consensus statements35,36 recommended redoubled efforts at education regarding the use of pulmonary-artery catheters and randomized, controlled clinical trials of their use.

Trials to date have had methodologic problems, including selection bias, noncompliance by physicians, and crossover from standard care (without the use of a pulmonary-artery catheter) to use of a pulmonary-artery catheter.28 To address these issues, we performed a multicenter, randomized, controlled clinical trial involving blinded assessment of outcomes to compare therapy guided by a pulmonary-artery catheter with standard therapy (not guided by a pulmonary-artery catheter) among high-risk elderly patients undergoing surgery followed by a stay in the intensive care unit (ICU).

Methods

Study Participants

Eligible patients were 60 years of age or older with American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) class III or IV risk37 and were scheduled for urgent or elective major abdominal, thoracic, vascular, or hip-fracture surgery. All patients provided written informed consent. Randomization was carried out by computer-generated sequence, stratified according to type of surgery (abdominal, thoracic, vascular, or orthopedic) and according to ASA class (III or IV) and blocked according to center; assignments were concealed in opaque, sealed envelopes that were numbered consecutively within each stratum. Local institutional review boards at each of the 19 participating centers, all in Canada, approved the study protocol. Abbott Laboratories had no role in the study design, data collection, analyses, or preparation of this article.

Study Design

Patients in the standard-care group were treated without use of a pulmonary-artery catheter. Measurement of central venous pressure (with the use of a central venous catheter) was allowed. The protocol approved by all centers specified that crossover of patients in the standard-care group to use of a pulmonary-artery catheter was not permitted; treating physicians considering crossover were advised to contact the principal investigator at the site. Patients in the catheter group had a pulmonary-artery catheter placed before surgery, and treatment was directed to physiological goals and treatment priorities defined by consensus among the investigators before the study began.

Goals in order of priority were an oxygen-delivery index of 550 to 600 ml per minute per square meter of body-surface area, a cardiac index of 3.5 to 4.5 liters per minute per square meter, a mean arterial pressure of 70 mm Hg, a pulmonary-capillary wedge pressure of 18 mm Hg, a heart rate of less than 120 beats per minute, and a hematocrit of more than 27 percent. Assessment of the achievement of these goals was based on the highest value obtained. Suggested therapy for the achievement of the goals included, in order of priority, fluid loading, inotropic therapy, vasodilator therapy, vasopressors for hypotension, and blood transfusion for a hematocrit of less than 27 percent. Thromboprophylaxis using low-dose subcutaneous heparin was recommended for all patients both before and after surgery. A minimal postoperative ICU stay of 24 hours was required; the length of the ICU stay thereafter was at the discretion of the attending clinician.

Clinical data, including New York Heart Association38 (NYHA) functional class, Goldman Cardiac Risk Index,39 vital capacity, and forced expiratory volume in one second, were recorded at enrollment. Clinical and outcome data were obtained 24 hours after surgery and weekly during the ICU stay and the hospital stay, until death or hospital discharge. Vital status was ascertained 6 and 12 months after randomization by telephone contact with patients, family members, surgeons, or family physicians, or through hospital or provincial records. Base-line clinical and demographic data were collected on all patients who were eligible but not enrolled. A data safety and monitoring committee conducted a safety analysis after the enrollment of 800 patients and another after the enrollment of 1600 patients.

Outcome

The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality from any cause. Secondary outcomes were 6-month mortality, 12-month mortality, and in-hospital morbidity, which was defined a priori according to objective criteria as follows. Myocardial infarction was defined by the presence of a new Q-wave myocardial infarction on electrocardiography or the presence of compatible ST-T wave changes on electrocardiography plus an increase in either the creatine kinase MB fraction or troponin to abnormal levels. Left ventricular failure was assessed on the basis of adjudicated chest radiography. Arrhythmia was determined by electrocardiography or analysis of a rhythm strip. Pneumonia was defined according to the criteria of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.40 Pulmonary embolism was documented by autopsy, positive pulmonary angiography, positive spiral computed tomography, high-probability ventilation–perfusion scanning, or positive noninvasive Doppler ultrasonography of the leg. Renal insufficiency was defined by a 50 percent increase in the creatinine concentration or the need for dialysis in a patient with preexisting non–dialysis-dependent renal failure. Liver insufficiency was defined by a serum bilirubin concentration higher than 34 mmol per liter and an increase of four seconds in the prothrombin time without the use of anticoagulant agents. Sepsis from the central venous or pulmonary-artery catheter was defined by inflammation at the insertion site and systemic sepsis plus a positive culture of blood or of material swabbed from the catheter tip that resolved with removal of the catheter.

Avoidance of Bias

To avoid selective enrollment and crossover of patients, participating surgeons, anesthesiologists, and intensivists at 19 Canadian institutions agreed to refer all their eligible patients. At each site, a principal investigator was actively involved in enrollment and in the conduct of the study; a log was maintained to record information about all eligible patients. Random assignment to treatment groups and assessment of outcomes on the basis of a priori definitions was performed in a blinded manner. So that adjudicators of chest radiographs would remain unaware of treatment-group assignments when reading the radiographs, we placed opaque tape over the pulmonary-artery catheter in images and dummy tape on images from patients in the standard-care group. All outcomes except death were adjudicated by two observers who were unaware of the treatment-group assignments. Blinding of patients and clinicians was not considered to be feasible.

Statistical Analysis

The sample size of 1000 per group was chosen to provide the study with power exceeding 90 percent for distinguishing between mortality rates of 10 percent and 15 percent in the two groups, allowing a two-sided type I error rate of 5 percent. Additional calculations confirmed that there would be adequate power under varied assumptions — for example, 78 percent power to distinguish between mortality rates of 5 percent and 8 percent.

All analyses were conducted on an intention-to-treat basis. Continuous variables such as age, vital capacity, and Goldman index39 were compared with the use of the unpaired t-test or the Wilcoxon rank-sum test, depending on their distributional properties. Skewed variables were summarized as medians and interquartile ranges. Differences in proportions (in-hospital mortality rates, rates of medical conditions and complications, rates of interventions, and rates of achievement of therapeutic goals) were compared with the use of Fisher's exact test (or the chi-square test, where appropriate), and confidence intervals were based on the normal approximation to the binomial distribution. Logistic regression was applied to in-hospital mortality in order to investigate the potential differences in treatment effects according to study center or base-line characteristics. Survival estimates were based on Turnbull's generalization of the Kaplan–Meier estimate, allowing for interval-censored data. Adjusted and unadjusted risk ratios were based on a parametric (Weibull) survival model. All reported P values are two-sided. No interim efficacy analysis was conducted.

Results

Study Population

Of the 3803 screened patients, 1994 patients (52.4 percent) underwent randomization — 997 patients each to the catheter group and the standard-care group — between March 9, 1990, and July 19, 1999. The remaining 1809 patients were not enrolled because they declined to participate (1074 patients), because no bed was available in the ICU (370 patients), or because their physicians did not refer them to the study (365 patients).

In the standard-care group, 945 patients (94.8 percent) received the planned therapy, and 52 did not; the reasons for not receiving the planned therapy were the lack of an available ICU bed (in 9 cases), the lack of an available operating room (in 9 cases), withdrawal of consent (in 7 cases), and other reasons (in 3 cases). In addition, crossover to use of a pulmonary-artery catheter occurred in 24 of the patients in the standard-care group (2.4 percent). In 11 cases, these crossovers represented inadvertent protocol violations; 12 pulmonary-artery catheters were deliberately placed by the treating physician; and in 1 case, the reason for placement was unknown. Twelve (50 percent) of the crossovers occurred on or after day 4. In the catheter group, 939 patients (94.2 percent) received the planned therapy, and 58 did not; the reasons were the lack of an available ICU bed (in 5 cases), the lack of an available operating room (in 20 cases), withdrawal of consent (in 23 cases), failure of the pulmonary-artery catheter (in 5 cases), and other reasons (in 5 cases).

The base-line characteristics of the patients in the standard-care group and the catheter group were similar (Table 1Table 1Characteristics of the Patients at Entry.). The screened patients who were not enrolled were marginally older, were less likely to have ASA class IV risk, were more likely to be women, and had a lower incidence of angina and previous myocardial infarction than the patients who were enrolled.

Mortality

All subjects were followed until hospital discharge. The median length of the hospital stay from the time of enrollment was the same in the two groups (10 days [interquartile range, 7 to 15]). Six-month follow-up was complete for 963 patients in the standard-care group (96.6 percent) and 930 patients in the group assigned to pulmonary-artery catheters (93.3 percent), and 12-month follow-up was completed in 941 patients in the standard-care group (94.4 percent) and 910 patients in the catheter group (91.3 percent). In-hospital mortality was similar in the two groups (Table 2Table 2In-Hospital Mortality and Perioperative and Postoperative Morbidity. and Figure 1Figure 1Kaplan–Meier Survival Curves to One Year.). In the standard-care group, 77 patients (7.7 percent [95 percent confidence interval, 6.1 to 9.6]) died without being discharged from the hospital, as compared with 78 patients in the catheter group (7.8 percent [95 percent confidence interval, 6.2 to 9.7]). The estimated absolute difference was 0.1 percentage point (95 percent confidence interval, –2.3 to 2.5).

Survival to one year after randomization was similar in the two groups, with 155 deaths by one year in the standard-care group and 163 in the catheter group (relative risk in the catheter group, 1.1 [95 percent confidence interval, 0.9 to 1.4]), including 13 interval-censored deaths corresponding to 6 patients in the standard-care group and 7 patients in the catheter group for whom the date of death could not be obtained. In the standard-care group, the rate of survival was 88.1 percent (95 percent confidence interval, 86.0 to 90.1) at 6 months and 83.9 percent (95 percent confidence interval, 81.6 to 86.2) at 12 months; in the catheter group, the rate of survival was 87.4 percent (95 percent confidence interval, 85.3 to 89.5) at 6 months and 83.0 percent (95 percent confidence interval, 80.6 to 85.4) at 12 months. The estimated difference in survival was – 0.7 percentage point (95 percent confidence interval, – 3.6 to 2.2) at 6 months (with negative survival differences favoring standard care) and – 0.9 percentage point (95 percent confidence interval, – 4.3 to 2.4) at 12 months.

Regression-based adjustment for the base-line variables listed in Table 1 did not materially affect these findings. The adjusted risk ratio for death in the catheter group as compared with the standard-care group was 1.0 (95 percent confidence interval, 0.7 to 1.3) after adjustment for age, history of angina, type of surgery, preoperative ASA risk class,37 Goldman index,39 and hemoglobin level. We found no evidence of variation in treatment effect according to center or according to base-line characteristics; there were no significant interactions between treatment-group assignment and any covariate. Subgroup analyses of in-hospital mortality according to ASA risk class,37 type of surgery, sex, age, and NYHA class38 yielded results similar to those of the primary analysis (Figure 2Figure 2Estimated Differences in In-Hospital Mortality in the Catheter Group as Compared with the Standard-Care Group, Overall and According to American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) Risk Class, Type of Surgery, Sex, Age, and New York Heart Association (NYHA) Class.). Among patients with ASA class IV risk,37 in-hospital mortality was 16.7 percent in the standard-care group and 20.6 percent in the catheter group; one-year mortality in this subgroup was 37.8 percent in the standard-care group and 38.2 percent in the catheter group. Among patients in NYHA class III or IV,38 in-hospital mortality was 13.8 percent in the standard-care group and 18.6 percent in the catheter group, and one-year mortality was 29.3 percent and 35.3 percent, respectively.

Morbidity

Morbidity was similar in the two groups, except that there was a higher incidence of pulmonary embolism in the group assigned to pulmonary-artery catheters (0 events in the standard-care group vs. 8 events [0.8 percent] in the catheter group, P=0.004). Thromboprophylaxis with unfractionated or low-molecular-weight heparin was used in 906 patients in the standard-care group (90.9 percent) and 878 patients in the catheter group (88.1 percent, P=0.05). It was initiated within 24 hours after surgery in 52.1 percent of the patients in the standard-care group, as compared with 53.7 percent of those in the catheter group. Diagnostic testing for clinically suspected venous thromboembolism was performed in 69 patients in the standard-care group (6.9 percent) and 57 patients in the catheter group (5.7 percent, P=0.31). The types of testing used (including venography, Doppler ultrasonography, ventilation–perfusion lung scanning, and pulmonary angiography) were similar in the two groups.

The incidence of myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, supraventricular tachycardia, ventricular tachycardia, hepatic insufficiency, sepsis from the central venous catheter or pulmonary-artery catheter, and pneumonia did not differ significantly between groups (Table 2). Fifteen patients in the catheter group (1.5 percent) had one or more adverse effects of the use of a pulmonary-artery catheter (two cases of hemothorax, three pulmonary hemorrhages, one pulmonary infarction, three inadvertent punctures of a major artery, and eight cases of pneumothorax). Central venous catheters were placed in 769 patients in the standard-care group (77.1 percent). Five of these patients (0.7 percent) had adverse effects of this catheter placement (an inadvertent puncture of a major artery in one patient and pneumothorax in four patients).

Adherence to the Protocol

More patients in the catheter group than in the standard-care group received inotropic agents (48.9 percent vs. 32.8 percent, P<0.001), vasodilators (8.5 percent vs. 3.9 percent, P<0.001), antihypertensive medication (25.5 percent vs. 16.9 percent, P<0.001), packed red cells (56.6 percent vs. 47.0 percent, P<0.001), and colloid (54.8 percent vs. 47.7 percent, P=0.002).

In the catheter group, the goals for the cardiac index (3.5 to 4.5 ml per minute per square meter) and the oxygen-delivery index (550 ml per minute per square meter) were met in 18.6 percent and 21.0 percent of patients, respectively, at entry and in 79.0 percent and 62.9 percent of patients, respectively, after surgery (Figure 3Figure 3Box Plots of Maximal Attained Values for the Cardiac Index and the Oxygen-Delivery Index at Base Line and during the Preoperative, Intraoperative, and Postoperative Periods in Patients Assigned to Pulmonary-Artery Catheters.). Central venous pressure did not differ significantly between the patients in the catheter group and the 769 patients in the standard-care group in whom central venous catheters were placed. The mean central venous pressure for the preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative periods were 6.5, 10.4, and 9.1 mm Hg, respectively, in the standard-care group, as compared with 6.7, 10.1, and 9.3 mm Hg, respectively, in the catheter group.

Discussion

In this large, multicenter, randomized, single-blind clinical trial, we observed no evidence of a benefit of treatment guided by a pulmonary-artery catheter, as compared with standard care. On the other hand, the results of our study indicate that in this population of surgical patients, the insertion of a pulmonary-artery catheter is not linked to excess mortality, as has been reported previously. The confidence interval for the difference in mortality excludes an absolute difference of more than 2.5 percent favoring either strategy, and no difference emerged at the one-year follow-up. The length of the hospital stay was similar in the two groups.

In our study, treatment guided by a pulmonary-artery catheter was coupled with defined physiological goals and treatment strategies designed to optimize treatment. Our findings and the findings of others10,17,24 demonstrate that it is difficult to achieve such physiological goals — a practical reality of therapy guided by a pulmonary-artery catheter. Nevertheless, such therapy was associated with a significantly different treatment effect from standard care. The a priori goals for the oxygen-delivery index and the cardiac index for treatment guided by a pulmonary-artery catheter were achieved in the majority of patients (62.9 percent and 79.0 percent, respectively) after surgery.

Our study evaluated patients for whom admission to the ICU is recommended. The relatively low numbers of patients with ASA class IV risk37 and NYHA class III or IV symptoms38 reflect the characteristics of the population of elderly patients undergoing elective or urgent surgery in Canada.

The extent of excess morbidity due to pulmonary embolism in the group assigned to pulmonary-artery catheters was small. Nevertheless, such morbidity must be interpreted in the light of the 1.5 million patients who receive pulmonary-artery catheters in North America annually. If the incidence of pulmonary embolism is similar in all populations of patients who receive pulmonary-artery catheters, the use of these catheters could potentially translate into 12,000 additional pulmonary embolisms annually.

Our study, which evaluated high-risk surgical patients who commonly undergo monitoring by pulmonary-artery catheter and who were at risk for substantial illness and death, builds on the findings of previous studies. Much of the published literature to date reports clinical trials that were nonrandomized and most of which were retrospective; previously reported randomized trials9,10,17,21-23 have been small and insufficiently powered to provide a definitive answer. It is important to reconcile our findings with those of the prospective cohort study reported by Connors et al.,8 which showed increased mortality and length of stay with the use of pulmonary-artery catheters in a mixed population of medical and surgical patients in the ICU.8 Although Connors et al. attempted to control for confounding by using a “propensity score,” the lack of randomization leads to the possibility of many unknown sources of bias that may have influenced the findings of this observational study. In particular, the decision to use a pulmonary-artery catheter may have been a marker for greater severity of illness.

Our trial enrolled 52 percent of eligible patients, and our randomization strategy resulted in groups of patients that were similar at entry. The rate of crossover of patients in the standard-care group to the use of a pulmonary-artery catheter was low (2.4 percent). All outcomes were adjudicated by observers who were unaware of the treatment-group assignments.

In summary, in elderly, high-risk surgical patients who undergo elective or urgent major surgery followed by care in the ICU, we found no clinical advantage to therapy guided by a pulmonary-artery catheter as compared with standard care in the ICU. The results of this study cannot necessarily be generalized to other populations of patients in the ICU, such as those with acute lung injury or circulatory or septic shock. Our study also suggests that randomized clinical trials of the use of pulmonary-artery catheters in other populations of patients are feasible.

Supported by grants from the Canadian Institute for Health Research and Abbott Laboratories of Canada.

Dr. Devitt has reported receiving lecture fees from Eli Lilly.

We are indebted to Allan Spanier, M.D., Sir Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, who was a site principal investigator and coauthor until his death in May 1998. We are also indebted to all the staff members of all the participating hospitals and ICUs for their outstanding efforts; to the many research assistants and secretaries who have been associated with the study; to Lucille Schavemaker, Dongmei Wang, Judie Lasante, Dean Yergens, Reza Shahpori, and Darlene Williamson, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Calgary; and to Jeanne Sheldon, B.A., and the staff of the Thrombosis Research Unit, University of Calgary.

Source Information

From the Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta. (J.D.S., R.D.H., R.F.B., L.K., G.F.P., C.J.D., S.V., A.K.); the Sir Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital, Montreal (D.P.L.); the Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal (L.P.); the Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, N.S. (H.D.); and the University of Alberta, Edmonton (M.J.) — all in Canada.

Address reprint requests to Dr. Sandham at the Department of Critical Care Medicine, EG23 Foothills St. NW, Calgary, AB T2N 2T9, Canada, or at sandham@ucalgary.ca.

Participating members of the Canadian Critical Care Clinical Trials Group are listed in the Appendix.

Appendix

Participating members of the Canadian Critical Care Clinical Trials Group included the following centers and principal investigators: S. Viner, T. Rosenal, Calgary General–Peter Lougheed Hospital, Calgary, Alta.; C.J. Doig, Foothills Hospital, Calgary, Alta.; H. Devitt, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto; D.P. Laporta, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal; L. Passerini, Hotel Dieu de Montreal, Montreal; P.J.E. Boiteau, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto; A. Kirby, St. Joseph's Hospital, London, Ont.; G. Rocker, R. Hall, Victoria General Hospital, Halifax, N.S.; J. Hooper, Ottawa Civic Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; P. Hebert, P. Cardinal, Ottawa General Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; M. Jacka, A. Clark, St. John General Hospital, St. John, N.B.; T. Houston, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto; N. Mehta, Fredericton General Hospital, Fredericton, N.B.; R. Johnston, Royal Alexandra Hospital, Edmonton, Alta.; R. Steinberg, Holy Cross Hospital, Calgary, Alta.; M. Jacka, Sudbury General Hospital, Sudbury, Ont.; D. Roberts, Health Sciences Centre, Winnipeg, Man.; D. Evans, Montreal General Hospital, Montreal; M. Tweedale, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, B.C. Study Coordinator: L. Knox, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta. Safety Monitoring Committee: G.F. Pineo (chair), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; W. Sibbald, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto; A. Laupacis, University of Toronto, Toronto.

References

References

1. 1

   Swan HJC, Ganz W, Forrester J, Marcus H, Diamond G, Chonette D. Catheterization of the heart in man with the use of a flow-directed balloon-tipped catheter. N Engl J Med 1970;283:447-451
   Full Text | Web of Science | Medline

2. 2

   Cooper AB, Doig GS, Sibbald WJ. Pulmonary artery catheters in the critically ill: an overview using the methodology of evidence-based medicine. Crit Care Clin 1996;12:777-794
   CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline

3. 3

   Rapoport J, Teres D, Steingrub J, Higgins T, McGee W, Lemeshow S. Patient characteristics and ICU organizational factors that influence frequency of pulmonary artery catheterization. JAMA 2000;283:2559-2567
   CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline

4. 4

   Robin ED. Death by pulmonary artery flow-directed catheter: time for a moratorium? Chest 1987;92:727-731
   CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline

5. 5

   Dalen JE, Bone RC. Is it time to pull the pulmonary artery catheter? JAMA 1996;276:916-918
   CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline

6. 6

   Gore JM, Goldberg RJ, Spodick DH, Alpert JS, Dalen JE. A community-wide assessment of the use of pulmonary artery catheters in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Chest 1987;92:721-727
   CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline

7. 7

   Zion MM, Balkin J, Rosenmann D, et al. Use of pulmonary artery catheters in patients with acute myocardial infarction: analysis of experience in 5,841 patients in the SPRINT Registry. Chest 1990;98:1331-1335
   CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline

8. 8

   Connors AF Jr, Speroff T, Dawson NV, et al. The effectiveness of right heart catheterization in the initial care of critically ill patients. JAMA 1996;276:889-897
   CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline

9. 9

   Shoemaker WC, Appel PL, Kram HB, Waxman K, Lee T-S. Prospective trial of supranormal values of survivors as therapeutic goals in high-risk surgical patients. Chest 1988;94:1176-1186
   CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline

10. 10

    Boyd O, Grounds RM, Bennett ED. A randomized clinical trial of the effect of deliberate perioperative increase of oxygen delivery on mortality in high-risk surgical patients. JAMA 1993;270:2699-2707
    CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline

11. 11

    Del Guercio LRM, Cohn JD. Monitoring operative risk in the elderly. JAMA 1980;243:1350-1355
    CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline

12. 12

    Rao TLK, Jacobs KH, El-Etr AA. Reinfarction following anesthesia in patients with myocardial infarction. Anesthesiology 1983;59:499-505
    CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline

13. 13

    Savino JA, Del Guercio LRM. Preoperative assessment of high-risk surgical pa-tients. Surg Clin North Am 1985;65:763-791
    Web of Science | Medline

14. 14

    Older P, Smith R. Experience with the preoperative invasive measurement of haemodynamic, respiratory and renal function in 100 elderly patients scheduled for major abdominal surgery. Anaesth Intensive Care 1988;16:389-395
    Web of Science | Medline

15. 15

    Wu AW, Rubin HR, Rosen MJ. Are elderly people less responsive to intensive care? J Am Geriatr Soc 1990;38:621-627
    Web of Science | Medline

16. 16

    Tuman KJ, McCarthy RJ, Spiess BD, et al. Effect of pulmonary artery catheterization on outcome in patients undergoing coronary artery surgery. Anesthesiology 1989;70:199-206
    CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline

17. 17

    Hayes MA, Timmins AC, Yau EHS, Palazzo M, Hinds CJ, Watson D. Elevation of systemic oxygen delivery in the treatment of critically ill patients. N Engl J Med 1994;330:1717-1722
    Free Full Text | Web of Science | Medline

18. 18

    Polanczyk CA, Rohde LE, Goldman L, et al. Right heart catheterization and cardiac complications in patients undergoing noncardiac surgery: an observational study. JAMA 2001;286:309-314
    CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline

19. 19

    Heyland DK, Cook DJ, King D, Kernerman P, Brun-Buisson C. Maximizing oxygen delivery in critically ill patients: a methodologic appraisal of the evidence. Crit Care Med 1996;24:517-524
    CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline

20. 20

    Ivanov RI, Allen J, Sandham JD, Calvin JE. Pulmonary artery catheterization: a narrative and systematic critique of randomized controlled trials and recommendations for the future. New Horiz 1997;5:268-276
    Medline

21. 21

    Tuchschmidt J, Fried J, Astiz M, Rackow E. Elevation of cardiac output and oxygen delivery improves outcome in septic shock. Chest 1992;102:216-220
    CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline

22. 22

    Yu M, Levy MM, Smith P, et al. Effect of maximizing oxygen delivery on morbidity and mortality rates in critically ill patients: a prospective, randomized, controlled study. Crit Care Med 1993;21:830-838
    CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline

23. 23

    Yu M, Takanishi D, Takiguchi S, et al. A prospective controlled randomized trial of supranormal O₂ consumption as measured by indirect calorimetry. Crit Care Med 1994;22:Suppl:111a-111a abstract.
    CrossRef

24. 24

    Gattinoni L, Brazzi L, Pelosi P, et al. A trial of goal-oriented hemodynamic therapy in critically ill patients. N Engl J Med 1995;333:1025-1032
    Free Full Text | Web of Science | Medline

25. 25

    Schultz RJ, Whitfield GF, LaMura JJ, Raciti A, Krishnamurthy S. The role of physiologic monitoring in patients with fractures of the hip. J Trauma 1985;25:309-316
    CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline

26. 26

    Pearson KS, Gomez MN, Moyers JR, Carter JG, Tinker JH. A cost/benefit analysis of randomized invasive monitoring for patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Anesth Analg 1989;69:336-341
    CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline

27. 27

    Isaacson IJ, Lowdon JD, Berry AJ, et al. The value of pulmonary artery and central venous monitoring in patients undergoing abdominal aortic reconstructive surgery: a comparative study of two selected, randomized groups. J Vasc Surg 1990;12:754-760
    CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline

28. 28

    Guyatt G, Ontario Intensive Care Study Group. A randomized control trial of right-heart catheterization in critically ill patients. Intensive Care Med 1991;6:91-95
    

29. 29

    Berlauk JF, Abrams JH, Gilmour IJ, O'Connor SR, Knighton DR, Cerra FB. Preoperative optimization of cardiovascular hemodynamics improves outcome in peripheral vascular surgery: a prospective, randomized clinical trial. Ann Surg 1991;214:289-299
    CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline

30. 30

    Fleming A, Bishop M, Shoemaker W, et al. Prospective trial of supranormal values as goals of resuscitation in severe trauma. Arch Surg 1992;127:1175-1181
    CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline

31. 31

    Bishop M, Shoemaker W, Appel P, Kram H. Prospective trial of supranormal values in severely traumatized patients. Crit Care Med 1992;20:Suppl:S93-S93 abstract.
    CrossRef

32. 32

    Yu M, Takanishi D, Myers SA, et al. Frequency of mortality and myocardial infarction during maximizing oxygen delivery: a prospective, randomized trial. Crit Care Med 1995;23:1025-1032
    CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline

33. 33

    Durham RM, Neunaber K, Mazuski J, Shapiro MJ, Baue AE. The use of oxygen consumption and delivery as endpoints for resuscitation in critically ill patients. J Trauma 1996;41:32-39
    CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline

34. 34

    Cowley G, Hager M. Deep in the heart: are catheters safe? Newsweek. September 30, 1996:71.
    

35. 35

    Pulmonary Artery Catheter Consensus conference: consensus statement. Crit Care Med 1997;25:910-925
    CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline

36. 36

    Bernard GR, Sopko G, Cerra F, et al. Pulmonary artery catheterization and clinical outcomes: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and Food and Drug Administration Workshop Report: consensus statement. JAMA 2000;283:2568-2572
    CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline

37. 37

    New classification of physical status. Anesthesiology 1963;24:111-111
    

38. 38

    Fisher JD. New York Heart Association classification. Arch Intern Med 1972;129:836-836
    CrossRef | Medline

39. 39

    Goldman L, Caldera DL, Nussbaum SR, et al. Multifactorial index of cardiac risk in noncardiac surgical procedures. N Engl J Med 1977;297:845-850
    Full Text | Web of Science | Medline

40. 40

    CDC definitions for nosocomial infections, 1988. Am Rev Respir Dis 1989;139:1058-1059
    Web of Science | Medline

Citing Articles (458)

Citing Articles

1. 1

   Avery Tung. (2014) Best Practices for Central Line Insertion. International Anesthesiology Clinics 51:1, 62-78
   

2. 2

   Sophie Terp, David L. Schriger. (2013) Routine Capnographic Monitoring is Not Indicated for All Patients Undergoing Emergency Department Procedural Sedation. Annals of Emergency Medicine 61:6, 698-699
   

3. 3

   Stefano Romagnoli. (2013) Circulatory failure: Exploring macro- and micro-circulation. Trends in Anaesthesia and Critical Care 3:3, 109-115
   

4. 4

   M. P. W. Grocott, A. Dushianthan, M. A. Hamilton, M. G. Mythen, D. Harrison, K. Rowan, . (2013) Perioperative increase in global blood flow to explicit defined goals and outcomes after surgery: a Cochrane Systematic Review. British Journal of Anaesthesia
   

5. 5

   Alejandro A. Floh, Gustavo Rotta, Julius Z. Wermelt, Patricia Bastero-Miñón, V. Ben Sivarajan, Tilman Humpl. (2013) Validation of a new method based on ultrasound velocity dilution to measure cardiac output in paediatric patients. Intensive Care Medicine 39:5, 926-933
   

6. 6

   Meera Agar, Danielle N. Ko, Caitlin Sheehan, Michael Chapman, David C. Currow. (2013) Informed Consent in Palliative Care Clinical Trials: Challenging but Possible. Journal of Palliative Medicine 16:5, 485-491
   

7. 7

   Thomas W. L. Scheeren, Christoph Wiesenack, Herwig Gerlach, Gernot Marx. (2013) Goal-directed intraoperative fluid therapy guided by stroke volume and its variation in high-risk surgical patients: a prospective randomized multicentre study. Journal of Clinical Monitoring and Computing
   

8. 8

   H. D. Aya, M. Cecconi, M. Hamilton, A. Rhodes. (2013) Goal-directed therapy in cardiac surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. British Journal of Anaesthesia 110:4, 510-517
   

9. 9

   Christopher F Barnett, Muthiah Vaduganathan, Gloria Lan, Javed Butler, Mihai Gheorghiade. (2013) Critical reappraisal of pulmonary artery catheterization and invasive hemodynamic assessment in acute heart failure. Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy 11:4, 417-424
   

10. 10

    Jenica Upshaw, Michael S. Kiernan. (2013) Preoperative Cardiac Risk Assessment for Noncardiac Surgery in Patients with Heart Failure. Current Heart Failure Reports
    

11. 11

    E. McConachie, M.H. Barton, G. Rapoport, S. Giguère. (2013) Doppler and Volumetric Echocardiographic Methods for Cardiac Output Measurement in Standing Adult Horses. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine 27:2, 324-330
    

12. 12

    Sujanthy S Rajaram, Nayan K Desai, Ankur Kalra, Mithil Gajera, Susan K Cavanaugh, William Brampton, Duncan Young, Sheila Harvey, Kathy Rowan, Sujanthy S Rajaram. Pulmonary artery catheters for adult patients in intensive care. In: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2013.
    

13. 13

    R. Phillip Dellinger, Mitchell M. Levy, Andrew Rhodes, Djillali Annane, Herwig Gerlach, Steven M. Opal, Jonathan E. Sevransky, Charles L. Sprung, Ivor S. Douglas, Roman Jaeschke, Tiffany M. Osborn, Mark E. Nunnally, Sean R. Townsend, Konrad Reinhart, Ruth M. Kleinpell, Derek C. Angus, Clifford S. Deutschman, Flavia R. Machado, Gordon D. Rubenfeld, Steven A. Webb, Richard J. Beale, Jean-Louis Vincent, Rui Moreno. (2013) Surviving Sepsis Campaign. Critical Care Medicine 41:2, 580-637
    

14. 14

    Namita Sood. (2013) Managing an acutely ill patient with pulmonary arterial hypertension. Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine 7:1, 77-83
    

15. 15

    , R. P. Dellinger, Mitchell M. Levy, Andrew Rhodes, Djillali Annane, Herwig Gerlach, Steven M. Opal, Jonathan E. Sevransky, Charles L. Sprung, Ivor S. Douglas, Roman Jaeschke, Tiffany M. Osborn, Mark E. Nunnally, Sean R. Townsend, Konrad Reinhart, Ruth M. Kleinpell, Derek C. Angus, Clifford S. Deutschman, Flavia R. Machado, Gordon D. Rubenfeld, Steven Webb, Richard J. Beale, Jean-Louis Vincent, Rui Moreno. (2013) Surviving Sepsis Campaign: International Guidelines for Management of Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock, 2012. Intensive Care Medicine 39:2, 165-228
    

16. 16

    Sainath Raman, Mark J. Peters. (2013) Fluid management in the critically ill child. Pediatric Nephrology
    

17. 17

    Vern L. Katz. Preoperative Counseling and Management. In: Comprehensive Gynecology. Elsevier, 2013:561-582.
    

18. 18

    L. Ellard, G. Djaiani. (2013) Anaesthesia for vascular emergencies. Anaesthesia 68, 72-83
    

19. 19

    David Shimabukuro, Richard H. Savel, Michael A. Gropper. Sepsis, Severe Sepsis, and Septic Shock. In: Critical Care Secrets. Elsevier, 2013:217-222.
    

20. 20

    Laurence Busse, Danielle L. Davison, Christopher Junker, Lakhmir S. Chawla. (2013) Hemodynamic Monitoring in the Critical Care Environment. Advances in Chronic Kidney Disease 20:1, 21-29
    

21. 21

    Kathleen D. Liu. (2013) Critical Care Nephrology: Update in Critical Care for the Nephrologist. Advances in Chronic Kidney Disease 20:1, 4-5
    

22. 22

    Ankur Kalra, Stephen Heitner, Simon Topalian. (2013) Iatrogenic pulmonary artery rupture during Swan-Ganz catheter placement-A novel therapeutic approach. Catheterization and Cardiovascular Interventions 81:1, 57-59
    

23. 23

    Zhongheng Zhang, Xiao Xu, Min Yao, Huilan Chen, Hongying Ni, Haozhe Fan. (2013) Use of the PiCCO system in critically ill patients with septic shock and acute respiratory distress syndrome: a study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials 14:1, 32
    

24. 24

    Suzana Lobo, Neymar de Oliveira. (2013) Clinical review: What are the best hemodynamic targets for noncardiac surgical patients?. Critical Care 17:2, 210
    

25. 25

    Takehiko Iijima, Birgitte Brandstrup, Peter Rodhe, Audrius Andrijauskas, Christer H Svensen. (2013) The maintenance and monitoring of perioperative blood volume. Perioperative Medicine 2:1, 9
    

26. 26

    Christer Svensén, Peter Rodhe. Intravascular Volume Replacement Therapy. In: Pharmacology and Physiology for Anesthesia. Elsevier, 2013:574-592.
    

27. 27

    Ropper , Allan H. , . (2012) Brain in a Box. New England Journal of Medicine 367:26, 2539-2541
    Full Text

28. 28

    Nicola Brienza, Maria Teresa Giglio, Lidia Dalfino. (2012) Protocoled resuscitation and the prevention of acute kidney injury. Current Opinion in Critical Care 18:6, 613-622
    

29. 29

    Sanket Srinivasa, Andrew G. Hill. (2012) Perioperative Fluid Administration. Annals of Surgery 256:6, 1113-1118
    

30. 30

    B. Bataille, M. Bertuit, M. Mora, M. Mazerolles, P. Cocquet, B. Masson, P. E. Moussot, J. Ginot, S. Silva, J. Larche. (2012) Comparison of esCCO and transthoracic echocardiography for non-invasive measurement of cardiac output intensive care. British Journal of Anaesthesia 109:6, 879-886
    

31. 31

    Michael PW Grocott, Ahilanandan Dushianthan, Mark A Hamilton, Michael G Mythen, David Harrison, Kathy Rowan, , Ahilanandan Dushianthan. Perioperative increase in global blood flow to explicit defined goals and outcomes following surgery. In: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2012.
    

32. 32

    Yuvraj Kalra, Hemant S. Agarwal, Andrew H. Smith. (2012) Perioperative Management of Pheochromocytoma and Catecholamine-Induced Dilated Cardiomyopathy in a Pediatric Patient. Pediatric Cardiology
    

33. 33

    Kanwal Kumar, Roman G. Nepomuceno, Anjala Chelvanathan, Mehrdad Golian, Sheena Bohonis, Kelby Cleverley, Amir Ravandi, Scott Mackenzie, Davinder S. Jassal. (2012) The Role of Tissue Doppler Imaging in Predicting Left Ventricular Filling Pressures in Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery: An Intraoperative Study. Echocardiographyn/a-n/a
    

34. 34

    Daniel Lichtenstein, Dimitrios Karakitsos. (2012) Integrating lung ultrasound in the hemodynamic evaluation of acute circulatory failure (the fluid administration limited by lung sonography protocol). Journal of Critical Care 27:5, 533.e11-533.e19
    

35. 35

    Jean-Louis Vincent. (2012) The pulmonary artery catheter. Journal of Clinical Monitoring and Computing 26:5, 341-345
    

36. 36

    Kara Beth Chenitz, Meghan B. Lane-Fall. (2012) Decreased Urine Output and Acute Kidney Injury in the Postanesthesia Care Unit. Anesthesiology Clinics 30:3, 513-526
    

37. 37

    Hooman D. Poor, Corey E. Ventetuolo. (2012) Pulmonary Hypertension in the Intensive Care Unit. Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases 55:2, 187-198
    

38. 38

    The circulation. In: The Clinical Handbook for Surgical Critical Care, Second Edition. CRC Press, 2012:11-52.
    

39. 39

    Sunil K. Sahai, Marc A. Rozner. The Patient with Cancer. In: Perioperative Medicine. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2012:267-282.
    

40. 40

    Raj Nangunoori, Eileen Maloney-Wilensky, Michael Stiefel, Soojin Park, W. Andrew Kofke, Joshua M. Levine, Wei Yang, Peter D. Roux. (2012) Brain Tissue Oxygen-Based Therapy and Outcome After Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: A Systematic Literature Review. Neurocritical Care 17:1, 131-138
    

41. 41

    Anthony J. Weekes, Margaret R. Lewis, Zachary P. Kahler, Donald E. Stader, Dale P. Quirke, H. James Norton, Courtney Almond, Dawn Middleton, Vivek S. Tayal. (2012) The Effect of Weight-based Volume Loading on the Inferior Vena Cava in Fasting Subjects: A Prospective Randomized Double-blinded Trial. Academic Emergency Medicine 19:8, 901-907
    

42. 42

    The circulation. In: The Clinical Handbook for Surgical Critical Care. Informa Healthcare, 2012:11-52.
    

43. 43

    Jeremy W. Cannon, Kevin K. Chung, David R. King. (2012) Advanced Technologies in Trauma Critical Care Management. Surgical Clinics of North America 92:4, 903-923
    

44. 44

    Kosaku Komiya, Hiroshi Ishii, Junji Murakami, Hidehiko Yamamoto, Fumito Okada, Katashi Satoh, Osamu Takahashi, Takeshi Johkoh, Jun-ichi Kadota. (2012) Relationship between CT Findings and the Plasma Levels of Brain Natriuretic Peptide in 29 Patients with Acute Cardiogenic Pulmonary Edema. Academic Radiology 19:7, 851-856
    

45. 45

    Jay Bhattacharya, Azeem M. Shaikh, Edward Vytlacil. (2012) Treatment effect bounds: An application to Swan–Ganz catheterization. Journal of Econometrics 168:2, 223-243
    

46. 46

    Seth Manoach, Scott D. Weingart, Jean Charchaflieh. (2012) The evolution and current use of invasive hemodynamic monitoring for predicting volume responsiveness during resuscitation, perioperative, and critical care. Journal of Clinical Anesthesia 24:3, 242-250
    

47. 47

    Danielle L. Davison, Kanak Patel, Lakhmir S. Chawla. (2012) Hemodynamic Monitoring in the Critically Ill: Spanning the Range of Kidney Function. American Journal of Kidney Diseases 59:5, 715-723
    

48. 48

    Wim K. Lagrand, Eline R. van Slobbe-Bijlsma, Marcus J. Schultz. Hemodynamic Monitoring of the Critically Ill Obese Patient. In: Critical Care Management of the Obese Patient. Wiley-Blackwell, 2012:123-134.
    

49. 49

    Daniel Lichtenstein. (2012) Fluid administration limited by lung sonography: the place of lung ultrasound in assessment of acute circulatory failure (the FALLS-protocol). Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine 6:2, 155-162
    

50. 50

    O. Broch, J. Renner, M. Gruenewald, P. Meybohm, J. Schöttler, A. Caliebe, M. Steinfath, M. Malbrain, B. Bein. (2012) A comparison of the Nexfin ^® and transcardiopulmonary thermodilution to estimate cardiac output during coronary artery surgery. Anaesthesia 67:4, 377-383
    

51. 51

    Tomas Corcoran, Julia Emma Joy Rhodes, Sarah Clarke, Paul S. Myles, Kwok M. Ho. (2012) Perioperative Fluid Management Strategies in Major Surgery. Anesthesia & Analgesia 114:3, 640-651
    

52. 52

    Kevin W. McConnell, Craig M. Coopersmith. (2012) Organ Failure Avoidance and Mitigation Strategies in Surgery. Surgical Clinics of North America
    

53. 53

    Djordje G. Jakovljevic, Sarah Moore, Kate Hallsworth, Gulnar Fattakhova, Christian Thoma, Michael I. Trenell. (2012) Comparison of cardiac output determined by bioimpedance and bioreactance methods at rest and during exercise. Journal of Clinical Monitoring and Computing
    

54. 54

    Andrea Vannucci, Ivan Kanagra. Liver transplantation. In: Blumgart's Surgery of the Liver, Pancreas and Biliary Tract. Elsevier, 2012:1674-1688.
    

55. 55

    Alejandro A. Rabinstein. Principles of Neurointensive Care. In: Neurology in Clinical Practice. Elsevier, 2012:802-819.
    

56. 56

    J.L. Prez Vela, J.C. Martn Bentez, M. Carrasco Gonzlez, M.A. De la Cal Lpez, R. Hinojosa Prez, V. Sagredo Meneses, F. del Nogal Saez. (2012) Guas de prctica clnica para el manejo del sndrome de bajo gasto cardaco en el postoperatorio de ciruga cardaca. Medicina Intensiva 36:4, e1
    

57. 57

    Alexander Mittnacht, David L. Reich, Amanda J. Rhee, Joel A. Kaplan. Cardiac Diseases. In: Anesthesia and Uncommon Diseases. Elsevier, 2012:28-74.
    

58. 58

    H. MØLLER-SØRENSEN, K. L. HANSEN, M. ØSTERGAARD, L. W. ANDERSEN, K. MØLLER. (2012) Lack of agreement and trending ability of the endotracheal cardiac output monitor compared with thermodilution. Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavican/a-n/a
    

59. 59

    Hoon Kim, Yoon Choi, Hae-Na Yu, Seung Yoon. (2012) Optimal carbon dioxide insufflation pressure during robot-assisted thyroidectomy in patients with various benign and malignant thyroid diseases. World Journal of Surgical Oncology 10:1, 202
    

60. 60

    Maurizio Cereda, Patrick Neligan, Michael G.S. Shashaty, Jiri Horak. Renal Diseases. In: Anesthesia and Uncommon Diseases. Elsevier, 2012:225-250.
    

61. 61

    Steven L. Cohn. Preoperative Evaluation. In: Goldman's Cecil Medicine. Elsevier, 2012:2477-2483.
    

62. 62

    Donald A. Redelmeier. Postoperative Care and Complications. In: Goldman's Cecil Medicine. Elsevier, 2012:2487-2492.
    

63. 63

    Pablo Adolfo Perez d'Empaire, Andre Carlos Kajdacsy-Balla Amaral. (2012) Year in review 2011: Critical Care - Resource Management. Critical Care 16:6, 244
    

64. 64

    Davinder Ramsingh, Brenton Alexander, Maxime Cannesson. (2012) Clinical review: Does it matter which hemodynamic monitoring system is used?. Critical Care 17:2, 208
    

65. 65

    Maurizio Cecconi, Carlos Corredor, Nishkantha Arulkumaran, Gihan Abuella, Jonathan Ball, R Michael Grounds, Mark Hamilton, Andrew Rhodes. (2012) Clinical review: Goal-directed therapy-what is the evidence in surgical patients? The effect on different risk groups. Critical Care 17:2, 209
    

66. 66

    Ole Broch, Jochen Renner, Matthias Gruenewald, Patrick Meybohm, Jan Schöttler, Markus Steinfath, Manu Malbrain, Berthold Bein. (2012) A Comparison of Third-Generation Semi-Invasive Arterial Waveform Analysis with Thermodilution in Patients Undergoing Coronary Surgery. The Scientific World Journal 2012, 1-7
    

67. 67

    Carina Bethlehem, Frouwke M. Groenwold, Hanneke Buter, W. Peter Kingma, Michael A. Kuiper, Fellery de Lange, Paul Elbers, Henk Groen, Eric N. van Roon, E. Christiaan Boerma. (2012) The Impact of a Pulmonary-Artery-Catheter-Based Protocol on Fluid and Catecholamine Administration in Early Sepsis. Critical Care Research and Practice 2012, 1-7
    

68. 68

    Robert H. Thiele, Douglas A. Colquhoun, James Patrie, Sarah H. Nie, Julie L. Huffmyer. (2011) Relationship Between Plethysmographic Waveform Changes and Hemodynamic Variables in Anesthetized, Mechanically Ventilated Patients Undergoing Continuous Cardiac Output Monitoring. Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia 25:6, 1044-1050
    

69. 69

    Balachundhar Subramaniam, Kathirvel Subramaniam, Kyung W. Park. (2011) Volume Replacement Strategies and Outcome. International Anesthesiology Clinics 48:1, 115-125
    

70. 70

    Achikam Oren-Grinberg. (2011) The PiCCO Monitor. International Anesthesiology Clinics 48:1, 57-85
    

71. 71

    Kazuhide Matsushima, Heidi L. Frankel. (2011) Beyond focused assessment with sonography for trauma. Current Opinion in Critical Care 17:6, 606-612
    

72. 72

    Marius M. Hoeper, John Granton. (2011) Intensive Care Unit Management of Patients with Severe Pulmonary Hypertension and Right Heart Failure. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 184:10, 1114-1124
    

73. 73

    Nanette M. Schwann, Zak Hillel, Andreas Hoeft, Paul Barash, Patrick Möhnle, Yinghui Miao, Dennis T. Mangano. (2011) Lack of Effectiveness of the Pulmonary Artery Catheter in Cardiac Surgery. Anesthesia & Analgesia 113:5, 994-1002
    

74. 74

    Michael Katsnelson, Larami Mackenzie, Suzanne Frangos, Mauro Oddo, Joshua M. Levine, Bryan Pukenas, Jennifer Faerber, Chuanhui Dong, W. Andrew Kofke, Peter D. LeRoux. (2011) ARE INITIAL RADIOGRAPHIC AND CLINICAL SCALES ASSOCIATED WITH SUBSEQUENT INTRACRANIAL PRESSURE AND BRAIN OXYGEN LEVELS AFTER SEVERE TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY?. Neurosurgery1
    

75. 75

    Karina Rando, Claus U. Niemann, Pilar Taura, John Klinck. (2011) Optimizing cost-effectiveness in perioperative care for liver transplantation: A model for low- to medium-income countries. Liver Transplantation 17:11, 1247-1278
    

76. 76

    Shailen Shah, Sharon Rubin. Cardiac disease. Informa Healthcare, 2011:20-26.
    

77. 77

    Neil J. Glassford, Paul Myles, Rinaldo Bellomo. (2011) The Australian approach to peri-operative fluid balance. Current Opinion in Anaesthesiology1
    

78. 78

    Sergio Maeso, Daniel Callejo, Rodolfo Hernández, Juan A. Blasco, Elena Andradas. (2011) Esophageal Doppler Monitoring during Colorectal Resection Offers Cost-Effective Improvement of Hemodynamic Control. Value in Health 14:6, 818-826
    

79. 79

    John H. Boyd. (2011) Globalization of ejection fraction: The pulmonary artery catheter has been outsourced*. Critical Care Medicine 39:9, 2192
    

80. 80

    Joseph Rinehart, Ngai Liu, Brenton Alexander, Maxime Cannesson. (2011) Closed-Loop Systems in Anesthesia. Anesthesia & Analgesia1
    

81. 81

    Tushar Sharma, Sang-Soo Je, Brijesh Gill, John X.J. Zhang. (2011) Patterning piezoelectric thin film PVDF–TrFE based pressure sensor for catheter application. Sensors and Actuators A: Physical
    

82. 82

    Keith R. Walley. (2011) Use of Central Venous Oxygen Saturation to Guide Therapy. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 184:5, 514-520
    

83. 83

    Galinos Barmparas, Kenji Inaba, Chrysanthos Georgiou, Pantelis Hadjizacharia, Linda S. Chan, Demetrios Demetriades, Randall Friese, Peter Rhee. (2011) Swan-Ganz Catheter Use in Trauma Patients Can Be Reduced Without Negatively Affecting Outcomes. World Journal of Surgery 35:8, 1809-1817
    

84. 84

    Hilary P. Grocott. (2011) Avoid hypotension and hypoxia: an old anesthetic adage with renewed relevance from cerebral oximetry monitoring. Canadian Journal of Anesthesia/Journal canadien d'anesthésie 58:8, 697-702
    

85. 85

    Alexander Valverde, Giacomo Gianotti, Eva Rioja, Amanda Hathway. (2011) Comparison of cardiac output determined by arterial pulse pressure waveform analysis method (FloTrac/Vigileo) versus lithium dilution method in anesthetized dogs. Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care 21:4, 328-334
    

86. 86

    Andre Shih, Herbert W. Maisenbacher, Carsten Bandt, Carolina Ricco, James Bailey, Jess Rivera, Amara Estrada. (2011) Assessment of cardiac output measurement in dogs by transpulmonary pulse contour analysis. Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care 21:4, 321-327
    

87. 87

    P. D. Roux, J. Cooper, K. K. Guntupalli, R. Silbergleit, J. Daily, R. Geocadin, C. A. C. Wijman, J. I. Suarez. (2011) The Critical Care Research Networks Experience. Neurocritical Care
    

88. 88

    Karen K. Y. Koo, Jack C. J. Sun, Qi Zhou, Gordan Guyatt, Deborah J. Cook, Stephen D. Walter, Maureen O. Meade. (2011) Pulmonary artery catheters: Evolving rates and reasons for use*. Critical Care Medicine 39:7, 1613-1618
    

89. 89

    Ronald M. Perkin, Nick Anas. (2011) Pulmonary artery catheters. Pediatric Critical Care Medicine 12, S12-S20
    

90. 90

    Mansoor N. Bangash, Ming-Li Kong, Rupert M. Pearse. (2011) Use of inotropes and vasopressor agents in critically ill patients. British Journal of Pharmacologyno-no
    

91. 91

    Carlos J. Lavernia, Jose C. Alcerro, Juan S. Contreras, Mark D. Rossi. (2011) Ethnic and Racial Factors Influencing Well-being, Perceived Pain, and Physical Function After Primary Total Joint Arthroplasty. Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research® 469:7, 1838-1845
    

92. 92

    Werner Nickl, Till Bugaj, Thomas Mondritzki, Kathrin Kuhlebrock, Winfried Dinh, Thomas Krahn, Florian Sohler, Hubert Truebel. (2011) Non-invasive assessment of cardiac output during mechanical ventilation – a novel approach using an inert gas rebreathing method. Biomedizinische Technik/Biomedical Engineering 56:3, 147-151
    

93. 93

    Giulia Maj, Fabrizio Monaco, Giovanni Landoni, Luigi Barile, Davide Nicolotti, Marina Pieri, Giulio Melisurgo, Federico Pappalardo, Alberto Zangrillo. (2011) Cardiac Index Assessment by the Pressure Recording Analytic Method in Unstable Patients With Atrial Fibrillation. Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia 25:3, 476-480
    

94. 94

    Sanderland T. Gurgel, Paulo do Nascimento. (2011) Maintaining Tissue Perfusion in High-Risk Surgical Patients. Anesthesia & Analgesia 112:6, 1384-1391
    

95. 95

    Gianni Biancofiore, Lester A. H. Critchley, Anna Lee, Xiao-xing Yang, Lucia M. Bindi, Massimo Esposito, Massimo Bisà, Luca Meacci, Roberto Mozzo, Franco Filipponi. (2011) Evaluation of a New Software Version of the FloTrac/Vigileo (Version 3.02) and a Comparison with Previous Data in Cirrhotic Patients Undergoing Liver Transplant Surgery. Anesthesia & Analgesia1
    

96. 96

    Kofo O. Ogunyankin. (2011) Assessment of Left Ventricular Diastolic Function: The Power, Possibilities, and Pitfalls of Echocardiographic Imaging Techniques. Canadian Journal of Cardiology 27:3, 311-318
    

97. 97

    Rami Kahwash, Carl V. Leier, Leslie Miller. (2011) Role of the Pulmonary Artery Catheter in Diagnosis and Management of Heart Failure. Cardiology Clinics 29:2, 281-288
    

98. 98

    Gaspare Parrinello, Salvatore Paterna, Pietro Di Pasquale, Daniele Torres, Manuela Mezzero, Mauro Cardillo, Sergio Fasullo, Gabriella La Rocca, Giuseppe Licata. (2011) Changes in Estimating Echocardiography Pulmonary Capillary Wedge Pressure After Hypersaline Plus Furosemide Versus Furosemide Alone in Decompensated Heart Failure. Journal of Cardiac Failure 17:4, 331-339
    

99. 99

    B. Cowie. (2011) Three years’ experience of focused cardiovascular ultrasound in the peri-operative period. Anaesthesia 66:4, 268-273
    

100. 100

     Mervyn Singer. (2011) Oesophageal Doppler monitoring: should it be routine for high-risk surgical patients?. Current Opinion in Anaesthesiology 24:2, 171-176
     

101. 101

     Suneetha Ramani Moonesinghe, Michael Gerard Mythen, Michael Patrick William Grocott. (2011) High-Risk Surgery. Anesthesia & Analgesia 112:4, 891-901
     

102. 102

     Sara Michelly Gonçalves Brandão, Denise Meira Altino, Rita de Cassia Gengo e Silva, Juliana de Lima Lopes. (2011) Defining Characteristics of Decreased Cardiac Output: A Literature Review. International Journal of Nursing Terminologies and Classifications 22:2, 92-102
     

103. 103

     Bart F. Geerts, Leon P. Aarts, Jos R. Jansen. (2011) Methods in pharmacology: measurement of cardiac output. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 71:3, 316-330
     

104. 104

     Philbert Y. Van, Gordon M. Riha, S. David Cho, Samantha J. Underwood, Gregory J. Hamilton, Ross Anderson, L. Bruce Ham, Martin A. Schreiber. (2011) Blood Volume Analysis Can Distinguish True Anemia From Hemodilution in Critically Ill Patients. The Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care 70:3, 646-651
     

105. 105

     Makoto Kobayashi, Masayoshi Ko, Takashi Irinoda, Eiji Meguro, Yoshiro Hayakawa, Yuji Akiyama, Osamu Funato, Akinori Takagane. (2011) Clinical usefulness of continuous central venous oxygen saturation measurement for postoperative management of patients following transthoracic esophagectomy for carcinoma. Esophagus 8:1, 53-58
     

106. 106

     Athina Lavrentieva, Tina Palmieri. (2011) Determination of cardiovascular parameters in burn patients using arterial waveform analysis: A review. Burns 37:2, 196-202
     

107. 107

     Maxime Cannesson, Mateo Aboy, Christoph K Hofer, Mohamed Rehman. (2011) Pulse pressure variation: where are we today?. Journal of Clinical Monitoring and Computing 25:1, 45-56
     

108. 108

     Youn Yi Jo, Jong Wook Song, Young Chul Yoo, Ji Young Park, Jae Kwang Shim, Young Lan Kwak. (2011) The uncalibrated pulse contour cardiac output during off-pump coronary bypass surgery: performance in patients with a low cardiac output status and a reduced left ventricular function. Korean Journal of Anesthesiology 60:4, 237
     

109. 109

     T. Andrew Bowdle, Mark Edwards, Karen B. Domino. Reducing Errors in Cardiac Anesthesiology. In: Kaplan's Cardiac Anesthesia: The Echo Era. Elsevier, 2011:1140-1155.
     

110. 110

     Jeremy S. Hertzig, Jacqueline M. Evans, Kenneth A. Schenkman. Principles of Invasive Monitoring. In: Pediatric Critical Care. Elsevier, 2011:234-245.
     

111. 111

     Jerry J. Zimmerman, Amélie von Saint André-von Arnim, Jerry McLaughlin. Cellular Respiration. In: Pediatric Critical Care. Elsevier, 2011:1058-1072.
     

112. 112

     Sajid Shahul, Daniel Talmor, Alan Lisbon. Management of the Postoperative Cardiac Surgical Patient. In: Textbook of Critical Care. Elsevier, 2011:1406-1416.
     

113. 113

     Mark W. Tomlinson. Cardiac Disease. In: High Risk Pregnancy. Elsevier, 2011:627-655.
     

114. 114

     James Duke. Pulmonary Artery Catheterization. In: Anesthesia Secrets. Elsevier, 2011:188-193.
     

115. 115

     A. Botte, S. Lapier, F. Leclerc. (2011) Nouvelles techniques de monitorage en réanimation pédiatrique — La ScvO2. Réanimation 20:S2, 655-661
     

116. 116

     Paul van Beest, Götz Wietasch, Thomas Scheeren, Peter Spronk, Michaël Kuiper. (2011) Clinical review: use of venous oxygen saturations as a goal - a yet unfinished puzzle. Critical Care 15:5, 232
     

117. 117

     Lidia Dalfino, Maria T Giglio, Filomena Puntillo, Massimo Marucci, Nicola Brienza. (2011) Haemodynamic goal-directed therapy and postoperative infections: earlier is better. a systematic review and meta-analysis. Critical Care 15:3, R154
     

118. 118

     Eric M. Bershad, José I. Suarez. Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. In: Stroke. Elsevier, 2011:589-615.
     

119. 119

     Toshiyasu SUZUKI. (2011) Can Noninvasive Monitoring Surpass Invasive Monitoring?. THE JOURNAL OF JAPAN SOCIETY FOR CLINICAL ANESTHESIA 31:1, 058-066
     

120. 120

     Marc E. Stone, Koray Arica, Masao Hayashi, Gregory W. Fischer. New Approaches to the Surgical Treatment of End-Stage Heart Failure. In: Kaplan's Cardiac Anesthesia: The Echo Era. Elsevier, 2011:814-835.
     

121. 121

     Paula Ferrada, Sarah Murthi, Rahul J. Anand, Grant V. Bochicchio, Thomas Scalea. (2011) Transthoracic Focused Rapid Echocardiographic Examination: Real-Time Evaluation of Fluid Status in Critically Ill Trauma Patients. The Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care 70:1, 56-64
     

122. 122

     Yang-Won Sim, Mou-Seop Lee, Young-Gyu Kim, Dong-Ho Kim. (2011) Unpredictable Postoperative Global Cerebral Infarction in the Patient of Williams Syndrome Accompanying Moyamoya Disease. Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society 50:3, 256
     

123. 123

     Jukka Takala, Esko Ruokonen, Jyrki J Tenhunen, Ilkka Parviainen, Stephan M Jakob. (2011) Early non-invasive cardiac output monitoring in hemodynamically unstable intensive care patients: A multi-center randomized controlled trial. Critical Care 15:3, R148
     

124. 124

     Long Yan, Joonsung Bae, Seulki Lee, Taehwan Roh, Kiseok Song, Hoi-Jun Yoo. (2011) A 3.9 mW 25-Electrode Reconfigured Sensor for Wearable Cardiac Monitoring System. IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits 46:1, 353-364
     

125. 125

     Maurizio Cecconi, David Bennett. (2011) Should we use early less invasive hemodynamic monitoring in unstable ICU patients?. Critical Care 15:4, 173
     

126. 126

     Isao FUKUDA. (2011) Clinical Usefulness of the FloTrac System-Efficacy of Arterial Pressure-Based Cardiac Output and Stroke Volume Variations-. THE JOURNAL OF JAPAN SOCIETY FOR CLINICAL ANESTHESIA 31:1, 081-090
     

127. 127

     Kosaku Komiya, Hiroshi Ishii, Shinji Teramoto, Osamu Takahashi, Nobuoki Eshima, Ou Yamaguchi, Noriyuki Ebi, Junji Murakami, Hidehiko Yamamoto, Jun-ichi Kadota. (2011) Diagnostic utility of C-reactive Protein combined with brain natriuretic peptide in acute pulmonary edema: a cross sectional study. Respiratory Research 12:1, 83
     

128. 128

     Allison J. Lee, Jennifer Hochman Cohn, J. Sudharma Ranasinghe. (2011) Cardiac Output Assessed by Invasive and Minimally Invasive Techniques. Anesthesiology Research and Practice 2011, 1-17
     

129. 129

     David L. Reich, Alexander J.C. Mittnacht, Gerard R. Manecke, Joel A. Kaplan. Monitoring of the Heart and Vascular System. In: Kaplan's Cardiac Anesthesia: The Echo Era. Elsevier, 2011:416-451.
     

130. 130

     Harumi MIYOSHI, Hitoshi YOSHIDA, Kazuo KAMITANI, Koso MATSUURA, Riho ARAI, Mariko TAKEBE. (2011) Influence of Fasting Duration on Stroke Volume Variation in Patients Undergoing Pulmonary Lobectomy -Morning and Afternoon Cases-. THE JOURNAL OF JAPAN SOCIETY FOR CLINICAL ANESTHESIA 31:2, 292-297
     

131. 131

     Sumit Singh, Ware G. Kuschner, Geoffrey Lighthall. (2011) Perioperative Intravascular Fluid Assessment and Monitoring: A Narrative Review of Established and Emerging Techniques. Anesthesiology Research and Practice 2011, 1-11
     

132. 132

     Glen Atlas, Jay Berger, Sunil Dhar. (2010) Afterload Assessment With or Without Central Venous Pressure: A Preliminary Clinical Comparison. Cardiovascular Engineering 10:4, 246-252
     

133. 133

     Ib Jammer, Atle Ulvik, Christian Erichsen, Olav Lødemel, Gro Østgaard. (2010) Does Central Venous Oxygen Saturation-directed Fluid Therapy Affect Postoperative Morbidity after Colorectal Surgery?. Anesthesiology 113:5, 1072-1080
     

134. 134

     Alexsandr A. Eremenko, Perviz N. Safarov. (2010) Flow-Regulated Extracorporeal Arteriovenous Tubing Loop for Cardiac Output Measurements by Ultrasound Velocity Dilution: Validation in Post-Cardiac Surgery Intensive Care Unit Patients. ASAIO Journal 56:6, 522-526
     

135. 135

     Steven L. Clark, Gary A. Dildy. Pulmonary Artery Catheterization. In: Critical Care Obstetrics. Wiley-Blackwell, 2010:215-221.
     

136. 136

     Yvette Fouche, Robert Sikorski, Richard P. Dutton. (2010) Changing paradigms in surgical resuscitation. Critical Care Medicine 38, S411-S420
     

137. 137

     Amit Kumar. (2010) Hemodynamically complicated ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction: presentation and treatment. Future Cardiology 6:5, 591-602
     

138. 138

     Jonathan E. Sevransky, William Checkley, Greg S. Martin. (2010) Critical care trial design and interpretation: A primer. Critical Care Medicine 38:9, 1882-1889
     

139. 139

     Mikhail Y Kirov, Vsevolod V Kuzkov, Zsolt Molnar. (2010) Perioperative haemodynamic therapy. Current Opinion in Critical Care 16:4, 384-392
     

140. 140

     Niranjan Kissoon, Gordon Krahn, Ruth Milner, Neil Spenceley. (2010) The authors reply:. Pediatric Critical Care Medicine 11:4, 540-541
     

141. 141

     W. Frank Peacock, Karina M. Soto. (2010) Current Technique of Fluid Status Assessment. Congestive Heart Failure 16, S45-S51
     

142. 142

     Tarannum Rampal, Shaman Jhanji, Rupert M Pearse. (2010) Using oxygen delivery targets to optimize resuscitation in critically ill patients. Current Opinion in Critical Care 16:3, 244-249
     

143. 143

     F. Bloos. (2010) Stellenwert des perioperativen SzvO2-Monitorings. Intensivmedizin und Notfallmedizin 47:5, 338-344
     

144. 144

     Maxime Cannesson. (2010) Arterial Pressure Variation and Goal-Directed Fluid Therapy. Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia 24:3, 487-497
     

145. 145

     Anil Kumar Jain, Amitabh Dutta. (2010) Stroke Volume Variation as a Guide to Fluid Administration in Morbidly Obese Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Bariatric Surgery. Obesity Surgery 20:6, 709-715
     

146. 146

     M. Heringlake, H. Heinze. (2010) Pulmonalarterienkatheter in der Anästhesiologie und operativen Intensivmedizin. Intensivmedizin und Notfallmedizin 47:5, 345-353
     

147. 147

     C. Wiesenack. (2010) Welcher Patient profitiert im Operationssaal vom erweiterten hämodynamischen Monitoring?. Intensivmedizin und Notfallmedizin 47:5, 362-369
     

148. 148

     Daniel Conway, Stuart Gold. (2010) Targeted fluid administration for major surgery. Current Anaesthesia & Critical Care 21:3, 108-113
     

149. 149

     Alberto Zangrillo, Giulia Maj, Fabrizio Monaco, Anna Mara Scandroglio, Massimiliano Nuzzi, Valentina Plumari, Isotta Virzo, Elena Bignami, Giuseppina Casiraghi, Giovanni Landoni. (2010) Cardiac Index Validation Using the Pressure Recording Analytic Method in Unstable Patients. Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia 24:2, 265-269
     

150. 150

     Sebastian Schramm, Eric Albrecht, Philippe Frascarolo, Pierre-Guy Chassot, Donat R. Spahn. (2010) Validity of an Arterial Pressure Waveform Analysis Device: Does the Puncture Site Play a Role in the Agreement With Intermittent Pulmonary Artery Catheter Thermodilution Measurements?. Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia 24:2, 250-256
     

151. 151

     Christoph K. Hofer, Danny Button, Luc Weibel, Michele Genoni, Andreas Zollinger. (2010) Uncalibrated Radial and Femoral Arterial Pressure Waveform Analysis for Continuous Cardiac Output Measurement: An Evaluation in Cardiac Surgery Patients. Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia 24:2, 257-264
     

152. 152

     John Diaper, Christoph Ellenberger, Yann Villiger, John Robert, Cidgem Inan, Jean-Marie Tschopp, Marc Licker. (2010) Comparison of cardiac output as assessed by transesophageal echo-Doppler and transpulmonary thermodilution in patients undergoing thoracic surgery. Journal of Clinical Anesthesia 22:2, 97-103
     

153. 153

     Daniel A. Reuter, Cecil Huang, Thomas Edrich, Stanton K. Shernan, Holger K. Eltzschig. (2010) Cardiac Output Monitoring Using Indicator-Dilution Techniques: Basics, Limits, and Perspectives. Anesthesia & Analgesia 110:3, 799-811
     

154. 154

     Souhayl Dahmani, Catherine Paugam-Burtz, Tobias Gauss, Michael Alves, Eric Le Bihan, Scander Necib, Jacques Belghiti, Jean Mantz. (2010) Comparison of central and mixed venous saturation during liver transplantation in cirrhotic patients: a pilot study. European Journal of Anaesthesiology1
     

155. 155

     Cassiano Teixeira, Nilton Brandão da Silva, Augusto Savi, Silvia Regina Rios Vieira, Luis Antônio Nasi, Gilberto Friedman, Roselaine Pinheiro Oliveira, Ricardo Viegas Cremonese, Túlio Frederico Tonietto, Mathias Azevedo Bastian Bressel, Juçara Gasparetto Maccari, Ricardo Wickert, Luis Guilherme Borges. (2010) Central venous saturation is a predictor of reintubation in difficult-to-wean patients*. Critical Care Medicine 38:2, 491-496
     

156. 156

     Derek C. Angus, Jean-Paul Mira, Jean-Louis Vincent. (2010) Improving clinical trials in the critically ill. Critical Care Medicine 38:2, 527-532
     

157. 157

     Don Poldermans, Jeroen J Bax, Eric Boersma, Stefan De Hert, Erik Eeckhout, Gerry Fowkes, Bulent Gorenek, Michael G Hennerici, Bernard Iung, Malte Kelm, Keld Per Kjeldsen, Steen Dalby Kristensen, Jose Lopez-Sendon, Paolo Pelosi, François Philippe, Luc Pierard, Piotr Ponikowski, Jean-Paul Schmid, Olav FM Sellevold, Rosa Sicari, Greet Van den Berghe, Frank Vermassen. (2010) Guidelines for pre-operative cardiac risk assessment and perioperative cardiac management in non-cardiac surgery. European Journal of Anaesthesiology 27:2, 92-137
     

158. 158

     Neil Spenceley, Gordon Krahn, Peter W. Skippen, Niranjan Kissoon. (2010) Evaluation of a pediatric central venous oximetry catheter in critically ill children. Pediatric Critical Care Medicine 11:1, 26-30
     

159. 159

     Frederick E. Sieber, Ronald Pauldine. Geriatric Anesthesia. In: Miller's Anesthesia. Elsevier, 2010:2261-2276.
     

160. 160

     Edward J. Norris. Anesthesia for Vascular Surgery. In: Miller's Anesthesia. Elsevier, 2010:1985-2044.
     

161. 161

     Ryan Pong Arthur M. Lam. ANESTHETIC MANAGEMENT OF CEREBRAL ANEURYSM SURGERY. In: Cottrell and Young's Neuroanesthesia. Elsevier, 2010:218-246.
     

162. 162

     Sheldon E. Litwin. Diagnostic Tests and Procedures in the Patient with Cardiovascular Disease. In: Andreoli and Carpenter's Cecil Essentials of Medicine. Elsevier, 2010:46-65.
     

163. 163

     Shigeki Kushimoto, Hiroyuki Yokota, Masato Miyauchi, Makoto Kawai, Atsuko Tsujii, Shiei Kim. (2010) How to comprehend the pathophysiology of sepsis and treat the patients with endotoxemia?. Nihon Kyukyu Igakukai Zasshi 21:3, 101-117
     

164. 164

     Giuseppe Papia, Claudio S. Cinà. Postoperative Management. In: Rutherford's Vascular Surgery. Elsevier, 2010:501-516.
     

165. 165

     Mazen K. Khalil, Wael A. Jaber. Cardiac Risk Stratification for Noncardiac Surgery. In: Current Clinical Medicine. Elsevier, 2010:87-95.
     

166. 166

     Michael P. Lilly. Intraoperative Management. In: Rutherford's Vascular Surgery. Elsevier, 2010:473-500.
     

167. 167

     Michael A. Matthay, Thomas R. Martin. Pulmonary Edema and Acute Lung Injury. In: Murray and Nadel's Textbook of Respiratory Medicine. Elsevier, 2010:1283-1325.
     

168. 168

     Nancy A. Nussmeier, Michael C. Hauser, Muhammad F. Sarwar, Alina M. Grigore, Bruce E. Searles. Anesthesia for Cardiac Surgical Procedures. In: Miller's Anesthesia. Elsevier, 2010:1889-1975.
     

169. 169

     Rebecca A. Schroeder, Atilio Barbeito, Shahar Bar-Yosef, Jonathan B. Mark. Cardiovascular Monitoring. In: Miller's Anesthesia. Elsevier, 2010:1267-1328.
     

170. 170

     Jayme E. Locke, Pamela A. Lipsett. Systemic Complications. In: Rutherford's Vascular Surgery. Elsevier, 2010:616-626.
     

171. 171

     Wieland Raue, Marc Swierzy, Gerold Koplin, Wolfgang Schwenk. (2009) Comparison of electrical velocimetry and transthoracic thermodilution technique for cardiac output assessment in critically ill patients. European Journal of Anaesthesiology 26:12, 1067-1071
     

172. 172

     Jochen Mayer, Stefan Suttner. (2009) Cardiac output derived from arterial pressure waveform. Current Opinion in Anaesthesiology 22:6, 804-808
     

173. 173

     Don Poldermans, Jeroen J. Bax, Eric Boersma, Stefan de Hert, Erik Eeckhout, Gerry Fowkes, Bulent Gorenek, Michael G. Hennerici, Bernard Iung, Malte Kelm, Keld Per Kjeldsen, Steen Dalby Kristensen, José López-Sendón, Paolo Pelosi, François Philippe, Luc Pierard, Piotr Ponikowski, Jean-Paul Schmid, Olav F.M. Sellevold, Rosa Sicari, Greet Van den Berghe, Frank Vermassen. (2009) Guía de práctica clínica para la valoración del riesgo cardiaco preoperatorio y el manejo cardiaco perioperatorio en la cirugía no cardiaca. Revista Española de Cardiología 62:12, 1467.e1-1467.e56
     

174. 174

     Masato Tsutsui, Nobuhiro Matsuoka, Takehiko Ikeda, Yoshimitsu Sanjo, Tomiei Kazama. (2009) Comparison of a New Cardiac Output Ultrasound Dilution Method With Thermodilution Technique in Adult Patients Under General Anesthesia. Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia 23:6, 835-840
     

175. 175

     , D. Poldermans, J. J. Bax, E. Boersma, S. De Hert, E. Eeckhout, G. Fowkes, B. Gorenek, M. G. Hennerici, B. Iung, M. Kelm, K. P. Kjeldsen, S. D. Kristensen, J. Lopez-Sendon, P. Pelosi, F. Philippe, L. Pierard, P. Ponikowski, J.-P. Schmid, O. F.M. Sellevold, R. Sicari, G. Van den Berghe, F. Vermassen, , S. E. Hoeks, I. Vanhorebeek, , A. Vahanian, A. Auricchio, J. J. Bax, C. Ceconi, V. Dean, G. Filippatos, C. Funck-Brentano, R. Hobbs, P. Kearney, T. McDonagh, K. McGregor, B. A. Popescu, Z. Reiner, U. Sechtem, P. A. Sirnes, M. Tendera, P. Vardas, P. Widimsky, , R. De Caterina, S. Agewall, N. Al Attar, F. Andreotti, S. D. Anker, G. Baron-Esquivias, G. Berkenboom, L. Chapoutot, R. Cifkova, P. Faggiano, S. Gibbs, H. S. Hansen, L. Iserin, C. W. Israel, R. Kornowski, N. M. Eizagaechevarria, M. Pepi, M. Piepoli, H. J. Priebe, M. Scherer, J. Stepinska, D. Taggart, M. Tubaro. (2009) Guidelines for pre-operative cardiac risk assessment and perioperative cardiac management in non-cardiac surgery: The Task Force for Preoperative Cardiac Risk Assessment and Perioperative Cardiac Management in Non-cardiac Surgery of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and endorsed by the European Society of Anaesthesiology (ESA). European Heart Journal 30:22, 2769-2812
     

176. 176

     Darwin N. Ang, Frederick P. Rivara, Avery Nathens, Gregory J. Jurkovich, Ronald V. Maier, Jin Wang, Ellen J. MacKenzie. (2009) Complication Rates among Trauma Centers. Journal of the American College of Surgeons 209:5, 595-602
     

177. 177

     Lee A. Fleisher, Joshua A. Beckman, Kenneth A. Brown, Hugh Calkins, Elliot L. Chaikof, Kirsten E. Fleischmann, William K. Freeman, James B. Froehlich, Edward K. Kasper, Judy R. Kersten, Barbara Riegel, John F. Robb. (2009) 2009 ACCF/AHA Focused Update on Perioperative Beta Blockade Incorporated Into the ACC/AHA 2007 Guidelines on Perioperative Cardiovascular Evaluation and Care for Noncardiac Surgery. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 54:22, e13-e118
     

178. 178

     Joseph J. Padinjarayveetil, Steven Idell. (2009) Weaning From Mechanical Ventilation in Patients With Congestive Heart Failure. Clinical Pulmonary Medicine 16:6, 323-327
     

179. 179

     M. T. Giglio, M. Marucci, M. Testini, N. Brienza. (2009) Goal-directed haemodynamic therapy and gastrointestinal complications in major surgery: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. British Journal of Anaesthesia 103:5, 637-646
     

180. 180

     Brian Casserly, Richard Read, Mitchell M. Levy. (2009) Hemodynamic Monitoring in Sepsis. Critical Care Clinics 25:4, 803-823
     

181. 181

     Amanda Corley, Adrian G. Barnett, Dan Mullany, John F. Fraser. (2009) Nurse-determined assessment of cardiac output. Comparing a non-invasive cardiac output device and pulmonary artery catheter: A prospective observational study. International Journal of Nursing Studies 46:10, 1291-1297
     

182. 182

     Dustin G. Mark, Geoffrey E. Hayden, Bonnie Ky, Anna Paszczuk, Monica Pugh, Shannon Matthews, Annamarie Horan, Vicente H. Gracias, James N. Kirkpatrick, Anthony J. Dean. (2009) Hand-carried echocardiography for assessment of left ventricular filling and ejection fraction in the surgical intensive care unit. Journal of Critical Care 24:3, 470.e1-470.e7
     

183. 183

     T. David OʼHalloran, Joseph P. Kannam. (2009) Preoperative Transthoracic Echocardiography: When Is It Useful?. International Anesthesiology Clinics 46:2, 1-10
     

184. 184

     Luc R. Berthiaume, Adam D. Peets, Ulrich Schmidt, Reza Shahpori, Chip J. Doig, Paul J.E. Boiteau, Henry Thomas Stelfox. (2009) Time series analysis of use patterns for common invasive technologies in critically ill patients. Journal of Critical Care 24:3, 471.e9-471.e14
     

185. 185

     Achikam Oren-Grinberg, Kyung W. Park. (2009) Assessment of Myocardial Systolic Function by TEE. International Anesthesiology Clinics 46:2, 31-49
     

186. 186

     B. KHWANNIMIT, R. BHURAYANONTACHAI. (2009) The epidemiology of, and risk factors for, mortality from severe sepsis and septic shock in a tertiary-care university hospital setting. Epidemiology and Infection 137:09, 1333
     

187. 187

     Balachundhar Subramaniam, Kyung W. Park. (2009) Impact of TEE in Noncardiac Surgery. International Anesthesiology Clinics 46:2, 121-136
     

188. 188

     U. Wittkowski, C. Spies, M. Sander, J. Erb, A. Feldheiser, C. Heymann. (2009) Hämodynamisches Monitoring in der perioperativen Phase. Der Anaesthesist 58:8, 764-786
     

189. 189

     Gerard R. Manecke, Daniel P. Vezina. (2009) Perioperative Transthoracic Echocardiography: “Universal Acid”?. Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia 23:4, 447-449
     

190. 190

     Christopher P. Ruisi, Robert J. Goldberg, Brian M. Kennelly, Shaun G. Goodman, Jose Lopez-Sendon, Christopher B. Granger, Alvaro Avezum, Kim A. Eagle, Gordon FitzGerald, Joel M. Gore. (2009) Pulmonary artery catheterization in patients with acute coronary syndromes. American Heart Journal 158:2, 170-176
     

191. 191

     N. Mongardon, A. Dyson, M. Singer. (2009) Pharmacological optimization of tissue perfusion. British Journal of Anaesthesia 103:1, 82-88
     

192. 192

     Andrew Leibowitz. (2009) Hemodynamic Monitoring. ASA Refresher Courses in Anesthesiology 37:1, 119-128
     

193. 193

     Tatsushi Mutoh, Tatsuya Ishikawa, Kyoko Nishino, Nobuyuki Yasui. (2009) Evaluation of the FloTrac Uncalibrated Continuous Cardiac Output System for Perioperative Hemodynamic Monitoring After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. Journal of Neurosurgical Anesthesiology 21:3, 218-225
     

194. 194

     Stefan G De Hert. (2009) Preoperative cardiovascular assessment in noncardiac surgery: an update. European Journal of Anaesthesiology 26:6, 449-457
     

195. 195

     Christopher A. Paciullo, Steven P. Dunn, Tracy E. Macaulay, Kelly M. Smith. (2009) Heart Failure Management Strategies in a Surgical Population. Orthopedics 32:6, 421-426
     

196. 196

     Petros Kopterides, Stefanos Bonovas, Irini Mavrou, Eleni Kostadima, Epaminondas Zakynthinos, Apostolos Armaganidis. (2009) VENOUS OXYGEN SATURATION AND LACTATE GRADIENT FROM SUPERIOR VENA CAVA TO PULMONARY ARTERY IN PATIENTS WITH SEPTIC SHOCK. Shock 31:6, 562-568
     

197. 197

     Jun Yokote, Izuru Watanabe, Akihiko Usui, Hideki Oshima, Wataru Kato, Hideo Takahashi, Yuichi Ueda. (2009) Renal Injury Caused By Pulmonary Artery Catheter Repositioning. Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia 23:3, 379-380
     

198. 198

     Steven B Greenberg, Glenn S Murphy, Jeffery S Vender. (2009) Current use of the pulmonary artery catheter. Current Opinion in Critical Care 15:3, 249-253
     

199. 199

     Nicola Brienza, Maria Teresa Giglio, Massimo Marucci, Tommaso Fiore. (2009) Does perioperative hemodynamic optimization protect renal function in surgical patients? A meta-analytic study. Critical Care Medicine 37:6, 2079-2090
     

200. 200

     Kathleen D. Liu. (2009) Critical Care Nephrology: Core Curriculum 2009. American Journal of Kidney Diseases 53:5, 898-910
     

201. 201

     Ronald M. Stewart, Pauline K. Park, John P. Hunt, Robert C. McIntyre, Janet McCarthy, Lee Ann Zarzabal, Joel E. Michalek. (2009) Less Is More: Improved Outcomes in Surgical Patients with Conservative Fluid Administration and Central Venous Catheter Monitoring. Journal of the American College of Surgeons 208:5, 725-735
     

202. 202

     G. Pestel, K. Fukui. (2009) Arterielle Pulskurve und Volumenstatus. Der Anaesthesist 58:4, 415-420
     

203. 203

     Jeffrey M. Feldman. (2009) Is It a Bird? Is It a Plane? The Role of Patient Monitors in Medical Decision Making. Anesthesia & Analgesia 108:3, 707-710
     

204. 204

     Kethy M. Jules-Elysee, Jacques T. YaDeau, Michael K. Urban. (2009) Pulmonary Artery Versus Central Venous Catheter Monitoring in the Outcome of Patients Undergoing Bilateral Total Knee Replacement. HSS Journal 5:1, 27-30
     

205. 205

     Procedures. In: Practical Guide to the Care of the Surgical Patient. Elsevier, 2009:106-134.
     

206. 206

     Tabetha R. Harken, U. Mini B. Swift, Alden H. Harken. Are you Ready for your Surgical Rotation?. In: Abernathy's Surgical Secrets. Elsevier, 2009:9-18.
     

207. 207

     Linda S. Polley. Hypertensive Disorders. In: Chestnut's Obstetric Anesthesia: Principles and Practice. Elsevier, 2009:975-1007.
     

208. 208

     C. Richard, X. Monnet, N. Anguel, J.-L. Teboul. Évaluation de l'intérêt d'un outil de monitoring. In: Insuffisance circulatoire aiguë. Elsevier, 2009:297-311.
     

209. 209

     G. Biancofiore, L. A. H. Critchley, A. Lee, L. Bindi, M. Bisa, M. Esposito, L. Meacci, R. Mozzo, P. DeSimone, L. Urbani, F. Filipponi. (2009) Evaluation of an uncalibrated arterial pulse contour cardiac output monitoring system in cirrhotic patients undergoing liver surgery. British Journal of Anaesthesia 102:1, 47-54
     

210. 210

     Todd W. Rice, Gordon R. Bernard. Acute Illnesses, Critical Care, Emergency and Surgical Patients. In: Clinical and Translational Science. Elsevier, 2009:443-460.
     

211. 211

     Thomas John Morgan, Balasubramanian Venkatesh. Monitoring oxygenation. In: Oh's Intensive Care Manual. Elsevier, 2009:133-144.
     

212. 212

     Amy L. Miller, Joshua A. Beckman. Which Patient Should Have a Preoperative Cardiac Evaluation (Stress Test)?. In: Evidence-Based Practice of Anesthesiology. Elsevier, 2009:65-72.
     

213. 213

     Systems. In: Practical Guide to the Care of the Surgical Patient. Elsevier, 2009:135-225.
     

214. 214

     Stephanie Rae Martin, Michael Raymond Foley. Intensive Care Monitoring of the Critically Ill Pregnant Patient. In: Creasy and Resnik's Maternal-Fetal Medicine: Principles and Practice. Elsevier, 2009:1167-1194.
     

215. 215

     Michael C. Reade, Derek C. Angus. (2009) The clinical research enterprise in critical care: What’s right, what’s wrong, and what’s ahead?. Critical Care Medicine 37:Supplement, S1-S9
     

216. 216

     Glenn S. Murphy, Jeffery S. Vender. Does a Pulmonary Artery Catheter Influence Outcome in Noncardiac Surgery?. In: Evidence-Based Practice of Anesthesiology. Elsevier, 2009:385-390.
     

217. 217

     Paris D. Butler, Michael T. Longaker. (2008) Discussion. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 122:6, 1950-1951
     

218. 218

     Wolfgang Schramm. (2008) Is the cardiac output obtained from a Swan–Ganz catheter always zero?. Journal of Clinical Monitoring and Computing 22:6, 431-433
     

219. 219

     Anne-Grethe Lorentzen, Christian Lindskov, Erik Sloth, Carl-Johan Jakobsen. (2008) Central Venous Oxygen Saturation Cannot Replace Mixed Venous Saturation in Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery. Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia 22:6, 853-857
     

220. 220

     Saurabh Jain, Alexander Allins, Ali Salim, Amir Vafa, Matthew T. Wilson, Daniel R. Margulies. (2008) Noninvasive Doppler ultrasonography for assessing cardiac function: can it replace the Swan-Ganz catheter?. The American Journal of Surgery 196:6, 961-968
     

221. 221

     Z. Ricci, C. Ronco. (2008) Kidney diseases beyond nephrology: intensive care. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 24:2, 391-395
     

222. 222

     Michael D. Seear, Jennifer C. Scarfe, Jacques G. LeBlanc. (2008) Predicting major adverse events after cardiac surgery in children. Pediatric Critical Care Medicine 9:6, 606-611
     

223. 223

     L. E. M. van Lelyveld-Haas, A. R. H. van Zanten, G. F. Borm, D. H. T. Tjan. (2008) Clinical validation of the non-invasive cardiac output monitor USCOM-1A in critically ill patients. European Journal of Anaesthesiology 25:11, 917-924
     

224. 224

     Sean K. Kane, Matthew J. MacCallum, Andrew D. Friedrich. (2008) Resuscitation of the Trauma Patient. International Anesthesiology Clinics 45:3, 61-81
     

225. 225

     Giorgio Della Rocca, Maria Gabriella Costa, Paolo Chiarandini, Gaia Bertossi, Manuela Lugano, Livia Pompei, Cecilia Coccia, Mauricio Sainz-Barriga, Paolo Pietropaoli. (2008) Arterial Pulse Cardiac Output Agreement With Thermodilution in Patients in Hyperdynamic Conditions. Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia 22:5, 681-687
     

226. 226

     Sean A. Josephs. (2008) The Use of Current Hemodynamic Monitors and Echocardiography in Resuscitation of the Critically Ill or Injured Patient. International Anesthesiology Clinics 45:3, 31-59
     

227. 227

     John Diaper, Christoph Ellenberger, Yann Villiger, John Robert, Jean-Marie Tschopp, Marc Licker. (2008) Transoesophageal Doppler Monitoring For Fluid And Hemodynamic Treatment During Lung Surgery. Journal of Clinical Monitoring and Computing 22:5, 367-374
     

228. 228

     Mark Gunst, Jason Sperry, Vafa Ghaemmaghami, Terence O'Keeffe, Randall Friese, Heidi Frankel. (2008) Bedside Echocardiographic Assessment for Trauma/Critical Care: The BEAT Exam. Journal of the American College of Surgeons 207:3, e1-e3
     

229. 229

     Glen M. Atlas. (2008) Development and Application of a Logistic-Based Systolic Model for Hemodynamic Measurements Using the Esophageal Doppler Monitor. Cardiovascular Engineering 8:3, 159-173
     

230. 230

     Mark Gunst, Vafa Ghaemmaghami, Jason Sperry, Melissa Robinson, Terence O’Keeffe, Randall Friese, Heidi Frankel. (2008) Accuracy of Cardiac Function and Volume Status Estimates Using the Bedside Echocardiographic Assessment in Trauma/Critical Care. The Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care 65:3, 509-516
     

231. 231

     O. Collange, L. Xavier, H. Kuntzman, B. Calon, R. Schaeffer, T. Pottecher, P. Diemunsch, P. Pessaux. (2008) FloTrac for monitoring arterial pressure and cardiac output during phaeochromocytoma surgery. European Journal of Anaesthesiology 25:9, 779-780
     

232. 232

     Michael E. Winters, Michael T. McCurdy, Jeff Zilberstein. (2008) Monitoring the Critically Ill Emergency Department Patient. Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America 26:3, 741-757
     

233. 233

     A. Martín Vivas, S. Saboya Sánchez, M. Patiño Rodríguez, J.A. Silva Obregón, S. Gómez Rosado, J.J. Blanco García. (2008) Monitorización hemodinámica: sistema PiCCO®. Enfermería Intensiva 19:3, 132-140
     

234. 234

     Dirk Meininger, Klaus Westphal, Dorothee H. Bremerich, Heiner Runkel, Michael Probst, Bernhard Zwissler, Christian Byhahn. (2008) Effects of Posture and Prolonged Pneumoperitoneum on Hemodynamic Parameters during Laparoscopy. World Journal of Surgery 32:7, 1400-1405
     

235. 235

     Mauricio Ferri, Robert A. Fowler. (2008) Insights from PAC-Man on flow-monitoring devices: Curb your enthusiasm*. Critical Care Medicine 36:6, 1953-1954
     

236. 236

     Edward Crosby. (2008) Innovation in medical practice: from new idea to standard of care. Canadian Journal of Anesthesia/Journal canadien d'anesthésie 55:6, 328-336
     

237. 237

     Ogilvie Thom. (2008) Search for a non-invasive cardiac output monitor. Emergency Medicine Australasia 20:3, 199-200
     

238. 238

     Gustavo A. Ospina-Tascón, Ricardo L. Cordioli, Jean-Louis Vincent. (2008) What type of monitoring has been shownto improve outcomes in acutely ill patients?. Intensive Care Medicine 34:5, 800-820
     

239. 239

     Chiaki Inadomi, Yoshiaki Terao, Kazunori Yamashita, Makoto Fukusaki, Masafumi Takada, Koji Sumikawa. (2008) Comparison of oxygen consumption calculated by Fick’s principle (using a central venous catheter) and measured by indirect calorimetry. Journal of Anesthesia 22:2, 163-166
     

240. 240

     Christina M. Murray, S. Abbas Agha, Shradha Rathi, Robin E. Germany. (2008) The Evaluation and Monitoring of Volume Status in Congestive Heart Failure. Congestive Heart Failure 14:3, 135-140
     

241. 241

     Gustavo A. Ospina-Tascón, Gustavo Luiz Büchele, Jean-Louis Vincent. (2008) Multicenter, randomized, controlled trials evaluating mortality in intensive care: Doomed to fail?. Critical Care Medicine 36:4, 1311-1322
     

242. 242

     Jose Otavio Auler, Filomena Galas, Ludhmila Hajjar, Luciana Santos, Thiago Carvalho, Frédéric Michard. (2008) Online Monitoring of Pulse Pressure Variation to Guide Fluid Therapy After Cardiac Surgery. Anesthesia & Analgesia 106:4, 1201-1206
     

243. 243

     Lee A. Fleisher. (2008) Implications of Preoperative Heart Failure. Anesthesiology 108:4, 551-552
     

244. 244

     Mark D. Piehl, James E. Manning, Shane L. McCurdy, Tim S. Rhue, Keith C. Kocis, Charles B. Cairns, Bruce A. Cairns. (2008) Pulse contour cardiac output analysis in a piglet model of severe hemorrhagic shock*. Critical Care Medicine 36:4, 1189-1195
     

245. 245

     C. Missant, S. Rex, P. F. Wouters. (2008) Accuracy of cardiac output measurements with pulse contour analysis (PulseCOTM) and Doppler echocardiography during off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting. European Journal of Anaesthesiology 25:3, 243-248
     

246. 246

     Shahid Shafi, Ramon Diaz-Arrastia, Christopher Madden, Larry Gentilello. (2008) Intracranial Pressure Monitoring in Brain-Injured Patients is Associated With Worsening of Survival. The Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care 64:2, 335-340
     

247. 247

     D. Zygun. (2008) Can we demonstrate the efficacy of monitoring?. European Journal of Anaesthesiology 25:Supplement 42, 94-97
     

248. 248

     S. Jhanji, J. Dawson, R. M. Pearse. (2008) Cardiac output monitoring: basic science and clinical application. Anaesthesia 63:2, 172-181
     

249. 249

     Colleen Christmas, Roy C. Ziegelstein, Lee A. Fleisher. Perioperative Cardiovascular Evaluation and Treatment of Elderly Patients Undergoing Noncardiac Surgery. Informa Healthcare, 2008:769-810.
     

250. 250

     Antoine Vieillard-Baron, Michel Slama, Bernard Cholley, Gérard Janvier, Philippe Vignon. (2008) Echocardiography in the intensive care unit: from evolution to revolution?. Intensive Care Medicine 34:2, 243-249
     

251. 251

     O. L. Cremer. (2008) Does ICP monitoring make a difference in neurocritical care?. European Journal of Anaesthesiology 25:Supplement 42, 87-93
     

252. 252

     V. Parra, G. Fita, I. Rovira, P. Matute, C. Gomar, C. Paré. (2008) Transoesophageal echocardiography accurately detects cardiac output variation. European Journal of Anaesthesiology 25:2, 135-143
     

253. 253

     G. Marx, K. Reinhart. (2008) Urosepsis: from the intensive care viewpoint. International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents 31, 79-84
     

254. 254

     Marion Danis, Ezekiel Emanuel, Henry Silverman. Ethical Considerations in Managing Critically Ill Patients. In: Critical Care Medicine. Elsevier, 2008:1509-1530.
     

255. 255

     Torbjørn Omland. (2008) Advances in congestive heart failure management in the intensive care unit: B-type natriuretic peptides in evaluation of acute heart failure. Critical Care Medicine 36:Suppl, S17-S27
     

256. 256

     R. Phillip Dellinger, Mitchell M. Levy, Jean M. Carlet, Julian Bion, Margaret M. Parker, Roman Jaeschke, Konrad Reinhart, Derek C. Angus, Christian Brun-Buisson, Richard Beale, Thierry Calandra, Jean-Francois Dhainaut, Herwig Gerlach, Maurene Harvey, John J. Marini, John Marshall, Marco Ranieri, Graham Ramsay, Jonathan Sevransky, B. Taylor Thompson, Sean Townsend, Jeffrey S. Vender, Janice L. Zimmerman, Jean-Louis Vincent. (2008) Surviving Sepsis Campaign: International guidelines for management of severe sepsis and septic shock: 2008. Intensive Care Medicine 34:1, 17-60
     

257. 257

     R Phillip Dellinger, Mitchell M. Levy, Jean M. Carlet, Julian Bion, Margaret M. Parker, Roman Jaeschke, Konrad Reinhart, Derek C. Angus, Christian Brun-Buisson, Richard Beale, Thierry Calandra, Jean-Francois Dhainaut, Herwig Gerlach, Maurene Harvey, John J. Marini, John Marshall, Marco Ranieri, Graham Ramsay, Jonathan Sevransky, B Taylor Thompson, Sean Townsend, Jeffrey S. Vender, Janice L. Zimmerman, Jean-Louis Vincent. (2008) Surviving Sepsis Campaign: International guidelines for management of severe sepsis and septic shock: 2008. Critical Care Medicine 36:1, 296-327
     

258. 258

     HOWARD H. WEITZ. Noncardiac Surgery in the Patient with Cardiovascular Disease: Preoperative Evaluation and Perioperative Care. In: Medical Management of the Surgical Patient. Elsevier, 2008:157-247.
     

259. 259

     John Moore, Mahesh Nirmalan. (2008) Intrathoracic blood volume and extravascular lung water in critical illness: methods of measurement, clinical applications and limitations. Journal of Organ Dysfunction 4:1, 51-56
     

260. 260

     Mark Ratcliffe, Arthur Wallace, Julius Guccione. Ventricular Mechanics. In: Sabiston and Spencer's Surgery of the Chest. Elsevier, 2008:739-755.
     

261. 261

     A.B.J. Groeneveld. Hypovolemic Shock. In: Critical Care Medicine. Elsevier, 2008:485-520.
     

262. 262

     Eric Jacobsohn, Charl J. De Wet. CRITICAL CARE OF THE THORACIC SURGICAL PATIENT. In: Pearson's Thoracic and Esophageal Surgery. Elsevier, 2008:145-159.
     

263. 263

     Rahul Nanchal, Robert W. Taylor. Hemodynamic Monitoring. In: Mechanical Ventilation. Elsevier, 2008:471-486.
     

264. 264

     Satoshi NISHIIKE, Miharu SHIRAISHI, Noriyuki KARASAWA, Sumihiko SEKI, Hideaki TSUCHIDA. (2008) Is Pulmonary Artery Catheter Indicated for Transsphenoidal Resection of Hypophyseal Tumor in Patients with Acromegalic Heart Disease? A Case Report. THE JOURNAL OF JAPAN SOCIETY FOR CLINICAL ANESTHESIA 28:2, 330-333
     

265. 265

     Alejandro A. Rabinstein. Principles of Neurointensive Care. In: Neurology in Clinical Practice. Elsevier, 2008:919-938.
     

266. 266

     Michael F OʼConnor. (2008) Monitoring Perioperative Hemodynamic. ASA Refresher Courses in Anesthesiology 36:1, 133-141
     

267. 267

     Anthony Delaney, Derek C Angus, Rinaldo Bellomo, Peter Cameron, D James Cooper, Simon Finfer, David A Harrison, David T Huang, John A Myburgh, Sandra L Peake, Michael C Reade, Steve AR Webb, Donald M Yealy, . (2008) Bench-to-bedside review: The evaluation of complex interventions in critical care. Critical Care 12:2, 210
     

268. 268

     B. Tena, C. Gomar, C. Roux, J. Fontanals, M.J. Jiménez, I. Rovira, G. Fita, P. Matute. (2008) Complicaciones graves de tipo mecánico asociadas al catéter de arteria pulmonar en cirugía cardiovascular y torácica. Revista Española de Anestesiología y Reanimación 55:8, 487-492
     

269. 269

     A. Rodríguez Conesa, D. Núñez, A. Pensado, M. Gómez Rois. (2008) Bloqueo cardiaco completo durante colocación de catéter de swan-ganz. Revista Española de Anestesiología y Reanimación 55:9, 583-584
     

270. 270

     G. Gueret, G. Kiss, S. Khaldi, R. Le Jouan, A. Le Grand, Y. Perrament, C. Lefèvre, C. C. Arvieux. (2007) Comparison of cardiac output measurements between NICO and the pulmonary artery catheter during repeat surgery for total hip replacement. European Journal of Anaesthesiology 24:12, 1028-1033
     

271. 271

     N. Zoremba, J. Bickenbach, B. Krauss, R. Rossaint, R. Kuhlen, G. Schälte. (2007) Comparison of electrical velocimetry and thermodilution techniques for the measurement of cardiac output. Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica 51:10, 1314-1319
     

272. 272

     Lee A. Fleisher, Joshua A. Beckman, Kenneth A. Brown, Hugh Calkins, Elliott L. Chaikof, Kirsten E. Fleischmann, William K. Freeman, James B. Froehlich, Edward K. Kasper, Judy R. Kersten, Barbara Riegel, John F. Robb, Sidney C. Smith, Alice K. Jacobs, Cynthia D. Adams, Jeffrey L. Anderson, Elliott M. Antman, Christopher E. Buller, Mark A. Creager, Steven M. Ettinger, David P. Faxon, Valentin Fuster, Jonathan L. Halperin, Loren F. Hiratzka, Sharon A. Hunt, Bruce W. Lytle, Rick Nishimura, Joseph P. Ornato, Richard L. Page, Barbara Riegel, Lynn G. Tarkington, Clyde W. Yancy. (2007) ACC/AHA 2007 Guidelines on Perioperative Cardiovascular Evaluation and Care for Noncardiac Surgery. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 50:17, e159-e242
     

273. 273

     Cyril Charron, Gwenaël Prat, Vincent Caille, Guillaume Belliard, Montaine Lefèvre, Philippe Aegerter, Jean-Michel Boles, François Jardin, Antoine Vieillard-Baron. (2007) Validation of a skills assessment scoring system for transesophageal echocardiographic monitoring of hemodynamics. Intensive Care Medicine 33:10, 1712-1718
     

274. 274

     B. Cremers, C. Maack, M. Böhm. (2007) Präoperative Risikobeurteilung bei Herzinsuffizienz. Der Internist 48:9, 921-928
     

275. 275

     WILHELM ALEXANDER OSTHAUS, DIRK HUBER, CARSTEN BECK, MICHAEL WINTERHALTER, DIETMAR BOETHIG, ARMIN WESSEL, ROBERT SÜMPELMANN. (2007) Comparison of electrical velocimetry and transpulmonary thermodilution for measuring cardiac output in piglets. Pediatric Anesthesia 17:8, 749-755
     

276. 276

     A. Okrainec, S. Bergman, S. Demyttenaere, L. S. Feldman, A. Nutting, F. Carli, G. M. Fried. (2007) Validation of esophageal Doppler for noninvasive hemodynamic monitoring under pneumoperitoneum. Surgical Endoscopy 21:8, 1349-1353
     

277. 277

     Paul E. Marik, Michael Baram. (2007) Noninvasive Hemodynamic Monitoring in the Intensive Care Unit. Critical Care Clinics 23:3, 383-400
     

278. 278

     Harm HH Feringa, Jeroen J Bax, Don Poldermans. (2007) Perioperative medical management of ischemic heart disease in patients undergoing noncardiac surgery. Current Opinion in Anaesthesiology 20:3, 254-260
     

279. 279

     Ronald B. George, Adeyemi J. Olufolabi, Holly A. Muir. (2007) Critical arrhythmia associated with pulmonary artery catheterization in a parturient with severe pulmonary hypertension. Canadian Journal of Anesthesia/Journal canadien d'anesthésie 54:6, 486-487
     

280. 280

     John E. Ellis, Avery Tung, Hubert Lee, Kristen Kasza. (2007) Predictors of Perioperative β-Blockade Use in Vascular Surgery: A Mail Survey of United States Anesthesiologists. Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia 21:3, 330-336
     

281. 281

     Uwe Janssens, Jürgen Graf. (2007) Der Pulmonalarterienkatheter in der Intensivmedizin. Intensivmedizin und Notfallmedizin 44:5, 312-322
     

282. 282

     Werner Baulig, Philipp Schuett, Oliver Goedje, Edith R. Schmid. (2007) Accuracy of a Novel Approach to Measuring Arterial Thermodilution Cardiac Output During Intra-Aortic Counterpulsation. Journal of Clinical Monitoring and Computing 21:3, 147-153
     

283. 283

     Amy Miller, James Fang. Cardiovascular Issues in Urologic Surgery. In: Complications of Urologic Surgery and Practice. CRC Press, 2007:17-29.
     

284. 284

     Keith Killu, John M. Oropello, Anthony R. Manasia, Roopa Kohli-Seth, Adel Bassily-Marcus, Andrew Leibowitz, Rosanna DelGiudice, Victor Murgolo, Ernest Benjamin. (2007) Effect of lower limb compression devices on thermodilution cardiac output measurement*. Critical Care Medicine 35:5, 1307-1311
     

285. 285

     Jeffrey R. Saffle. (2007) The Phenomenon of “Fluid Creep” in Acute Burn Resuscitation. Journal of Burn Care & Research 28:3, 382-395
     

286. 286

     George Lappas, Mark Stafford-Smith. Diagnosis of Perioperative Ischemia and Infarction. In: Heart Disease and the Surgical Patient. CRC Press, 2007:161-196.
     

287. 287

     Karl Skarvan. Heart Failure and the Surgical Patient. In: Heart Disease and the Surgical Patient. CRC Press, 2007:237-267.
     

288. 288

     (2007) Pulmonalarterienkatheter in Anästhesie und Intensivmedizin. Der Anaesthesist 56:3, 273-280
     

289. 289

     M. Bundgaard-Nielsen, K. Holte, N. H. Secher, H. Kehlet. (2007) Monitoring of peri-operative fluid administration by individualized goal-directed therapy. Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica 51:3, 331-340
     

290. 290

     Dorinna D. Mendoza, Howard A. Cooper, Julio A. Panza. (2007) Cardiac power output predicts mortality across a broad spectrum of patients with acute cardiac disease. American Heart Journal 153:3, 366-370
     

291. 291

     William Chiu. Cardiovascular Monitoring. In: Trauma. CRC Press, 2007:155-170.
     

292. 292

     Tammy T. Chang, William P. Schecter. (2007) Injury in the Elderly and End-of-Life Decisions. Surgical Clinics of North America 87:1, 229-245
     

293. 293

     James Ramsay. (2007) Pro: Is the Pulmonary Artery Catheter Dead?. Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia 21:1, 144-146
     

294. 294

     Glenn S. Murphy, Jeffery S. Vender. (2007) Con: Is the Pulmonary Artery Catheter Dead?. Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia 21:1, 147-149
     

295. 295

     Vicente H. Gracias, Annamarie D. Horan, Patrick K. Kim, Neil K. Puri, Rajan Gupta, John J. Gallagher, Corinna P. Sicoutris, Mario Grasso, C. William Hanson, C. William Schwab. (2007) Digital Output Volumetric Pulmonary Artery Catheters Eliminate Interoperator Interpretation Variability and Improve Consistency of Treatment Decisions. Journal of the American College of Surgeons 204:2, 209-215.e4
     

296. 296

     J. Mayer, J. Boldt, T. Schollhorn, K. D. Rohm, A. M. Mengistu, S. Suttner. (2007) Semi-invasive monitoring of cardiac output by a new device using arterial pressure waveform analysis: a comparison with intermittent pulmonary artery thermodilution in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. British Journal of Anaesthesia 98:2, 176-182
     

297. 297

     Shay McGuinness, Andrew McKee, David Sidebotham. Monitoring. In: Cardiothoracic Critical Care. Elsevier, 2007:120-137.
     

298. 298

     L. Muller, A. Gache, J.-Y. Lefrant, J.-E. de La Coussaye. (2007) Stati di shock. EMC - Urgenze 11:2, 1-14
     

299. 299

     Vern L. Katz. Preoperative Counseling and Management. In: Comprehensive Gynecology. Elsevier, 2007:633-659.
     

300. 300

     F. Kerbaul, C. Guidon. (2007) Anestesia del paziente coronaropatico in chirurgia generale. EMC - Anestesia-Rianimazione 12:3, 1-18
     

301. 301

     D ANDERSON. Monitoring in Anesthesia. In: Decision Making in Anesthesiology. Elsevier, 2007:30-31.
     

302. 302

     J. Malcolm O. Arnold, Jonathan G. Howlett, Paul Dorian, Anique Ducharme, Nadia Giannetti, Haissam Haddad, George A. Heckman, Andrew Ignaszewski, Debra Isaac, Philip Jong, Peter Liu, Elizabeth Mann, Robert S. McKelvie, Gordon W. Moe, John D. Parker, Anna M. Svendsen, Ross T. Tsuyuki, Kelly O’Halloran, Heather J. Ross, Vivek Rao, Errol J. Sequeira, Michel White. (2007) Canadian Cardiovascular Society Consensus Conference recommendations on heart failure update 2007: Prevention, management during intercurrent illness or acute decompensation, and use of biomarkers. Canadian Journal of Cardiology 23:1, 21-45
     

303. 303

     F. Kerbaul, C. Guidon. (2007) Anestesia del paciente coronario en cirugía general. EMC - Anestesia-Reanimación 33:3, 1-20
     

304. 304

     F. Kerbaul, C. Guidon. (2007) Anesthésie du patient coronarien en chirurgie générale. EMC - Anesthésie-Réanimation 4:2, 1-18
     

305. 305

     O. Sanchez, V. Castelain. (2007) Intérêt du cathétérisme cardiaque droit en réanimation. EMC - Pneumologie 4:2, 1-7
     

306. 306

     L. Muller, A. Gache, J.-Y. Lefrant, J.-E. de La Coussaye. (2007) États de choc. EMC - Médecine d 'urgence 2:1, 1-14
     

307. 307

     Hovig V Chitilian, Eric M Isselbacher, Michael G Fitzsimons. (2006) Preoperative Cardiac Evaluation for Vascular Surgery. International Anesthesiology Clinics 43:1, 1-14
     

308. 308

     Todd W. Rice, Gordon R. Bernard. (2006) Acute Lung Injury and the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Challenges in Clinical Trial Design. Clinics in Chest Medicine 27:4, 733-754
     

309. 309

     Patricio M. Polanco, Michael R. Pinsky. (2006) Practical Issues of Hemodynamic Monitoring at the Bedside. Surgical Clinics of North America 86:6, 1431-1456
     

310. 310

     Jason A. London, Matthew J. Sena. (2006) Pharmacologic Support of the Failing Heart. Surgical Clinics of North America 86:6, 1503-1521
     

311. 311

     Gustavo A. Heresi, Alejandro C. Arroliga, Herbert P. Wiedemann, Michael A. Matthay. (2006) Pulmonary Artery Catheter and Fluid Management in Acute Lung Injury and the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Clinics in Chest Medicine 27:4, 627-635
     

312. 312

     Mark P. Yeager, Brian C. Spence. (2006) CRITICAL CARE ISSUES FOR THE NEPHROLOGIST: Perioperative Fluid Management: Current Consensus and Controversies. Seminars in Dialysis 19:6, 472-479
     

313. 313

     William T. McGee, Patrick Mailloux, Paul Jodka, Joss Thomas. (2006) CRITICAL CARE ISSUES FOR THE NEPHROLOGIST: The Pulmonary Artery Catheter in Critical Care. Seminars in Dialysis 19:6, 480-491
     

314. 314

     Andrew L. Rosenberg, Kevin K. Tremper. (2006) Wide variations in the cost-effectiveness of critical care*. Critical Care Medicine 34:11, 2849-2851
     

315. 315

     Henry J. Silverman, Francois Lemaire. (2006) Ethics and research in critical care. Intensive Care Medicine 32:11, 1697-1705
     

316. 316

     G. Gueret, G. Kiss, B. Rossignol, E. Bezon, J. P. Wargnier, A. Miossec, O. Corre, C. C. Arvieux. (2006) Cardiac output measurements in off-pump coronary surgery. European Journal of Anaesthesiology 23:10, 848-854
     

317. 317

     Korat Farooq, R Wilson. Perioperative Fluid Management and Optimization. In: Gastrointestinal and Colorectal Anesthesia. CRC Press, 2006:97-110.
     

318. 318

     Ian Nesbitt. The Role of the Critical Care Unit in Abdominal Surgery. In: Gastrointestinal and Colorectal Anesthesia. CRC Press, 2006:395-410.
     

319. 319

     Birgitte Brandstrup. Restricted Intravenous Fluid Therapy in Elective Surgery. In: Perioperative Fluid Therapy. CRC Press, 2006:435-451.
     

320. 320

     Geoffrey Lighthall, Ronald Pearl. Fluid Therapy in the Intensive Care Unit. In: Perioperative Fluid Therapy. CRC Press, 2006:269-288.
     

321. 321

     Corrado Marini, Jacob Freiman. Oxygen Delivery as a Goal for Fluid Therapy in Surgical Patients. In: Perioperative Fluid Therapy. CRC Press, 2006:49-61.
     

322. 322

     Hypertonic Solutions. In: Perioperative Fluid Therapy. CRC Press, 2006:163-174.
     

323. 323

     Alexander Duarte. Intravascular Volume Assessment in the Critically Ill Patient. In: Perioperative Fluid Therapy. CRC Press, 2006:87-98.
     

324. 324

     C.A. LEATH, J.E. KENDRICK, T.M. NUMNUM, J.M. STRAUGHN, R.P. ROCCONI, G.P. SFAKIANOS, J.D. LANG. (2006) Outcomes of gynecologic oncology patients admitted to the intensive care unit following surgery: a university teaching hospital experience. International Journal of Gynecological Cancer 16:5, 1766-1769
     

325. 325

     Stephanie R. Martin, Michael R. Foley. (2006) Intensive care in obstetrics: An evidence-based review. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 195:3, 673-689
     

326. 326

     Ramesh Venkataraman. (2006) Vascular surgery critical care: Perioperative cardiac optimization to improve survival. Critical Care Medicine 34:Suppl, S200-S207
     

327. 327

     Ramachandra R Sista, Kavita V Ernst, Euan A Ashley. (2006) Perioperative cardiac risk: pathophysiology, assessment and management. Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy 4:5, 731-743
     

328. 328

     (2006) Catheters and the Treatment of Acute Lung Injury. New England Journal of Medicine 355:9, 956-958
     Free Full Text

329. 329

     Roxanna Bloomfield, Elizabeth Steel, Graeme MacLennan, David W. Noble. (2006) Accuracy of weight and height estimation in an intensive care unit: Implications for clinical practice and research*. Critical Care Medicine 34:8, 2153-2157
     

330. 330

     Giuseppe Papia, David Klein, Thomas F Lindsay. (2006) Intensive care of the patient following open abdominal aortic surgery. Current Opinion in Critical Care 12:4, 340-345
     

331. 331

     Bryan A. Cotton, Jeffrey S. Guy, John A. Morris, Naji N. Abumrad. (2006) THE CELLULAR, METABOLIC, AND SYSTEMIC CONSEQUENCES OF AGGRESSIVE FLUID RESUSCITATION STRATEGIES. Shock 26:2, 115-121
     

332. 332

     J. Gal, L. Bogar, G. Acsady, M. D. Kertai. (2006) Cardiac risk reduction in non-cardiac surgery. European Journal of Anaesthesiology 23:8, 641-648
     

333. 333

     Sheila Harvey, Duncan Young, William Brampton, Andrew Cooper, Gordon S Doig, William Sibbald, Kathy Rowan, Sheila Harvey. Pulmonary artery catheters for adult patients in intensive care. In: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2006.
     

334. 334

     Randall S. Friese, Shahid Shafi, Larry M. Gentilello. (2006) Pulmonary artery catheter use is associated with reduced mortality in severely injured patients: A National Trauma Data Bank analysis of 53,312 patients*. Critical Care Medicine 34:6, 1597-1601
     

335. 335

     Russell R Miller, E Wesley Ely. (2006) Radiographic measures of intravascular volume status: the role of vascular pedicle width. Current Opinion in Critical Care 12:3, 255-262
     

336. 336

     Nancy M. Albert. (2006) Bioimpedance Cardiography Measurements of Cardiac Output and Other Cardiovascular Parameters. Critical Care Nursing Clinics of North America 18:2, 195-202
     

337. 337

     Birgitte Brandstrup. (2006) Fluid therapy for the surgical patient. Best Practice & Research Clinical Anaesthesiology 20:2, 265-283
     

338. 338

     Gernot Marx, Konrad Reinhart. (2006) Venous oximetry. Current Opinion in Critical Care 12:3, 263-268
     

339. 339

     Dean R. Chittock. (2006) The pulmonary artery catheter and critical care: The cart is before the horse*. Critical Care Medicine 34:6, 1820-1822
     

340. 340

     E. E. C. Waal, L. Rossi, W. Buhre. (2006) Pulmonalarterienkatheter. Der Anaesthesist 55:6, 713-730
     

341. 341

     Karim Bendjelid, Nicolas Schütz, Peter M. Suter, Jacques-Andre Romand. (2006) Continuous cardiac output monitoring after cardiopulmonary bypass: a comparison with bolus thermodilution measurement. Intensive Care Medicine 32:6, 919-922
     

342. 342

     The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) Clinical Trials Network. (2006) Pulmonary-Artery versus Central Venous Catheter to Guide Treatment of Acute Lung Injury. New England Journal of Medicine 354:21, 2213-2224
     Free Full Text

343. 343

     Shure , Deborah , . (2006) Pulmonary-Artery Catheters — Peace at Last?. New England Journal of Medicine 354:21, 2273-2274
     Full Text

344. 344

     T. Schuerholz, M. Cobas Meyer, L. Friedrich, M. Przemeck, R. Sumpelmann, G. Marx. (2006) Reliability of continuous cardiac output determination by pulse-contour analysis in porcine septic shock. Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica 50:4, 407-413
     

345. 345

     Y. A. Zausig, M. A. Weigand, B. M. Graf. (2006) Perioperatives Flüssigkeitsmanagement. Der Anaesthesist 55:4, 371-390
     

346. 346

     Donat R. Spahn, Pierre-Guy Chassot. (2006) CON: Fluid Restriction for Cardiac Patients During Major Noncardiac Surgery Should be Replaced by Goal-Directed Intravascular Fluid Administration. Anesthesia & Analgesia 102:2, 344-346
     

347. 347

     Yusuke ASAKURA, Naoko KATO, Yuko SATO, Hiroshi ITO, Yoshihiro FUJIWARA, Toru KOMATSU. (2006) Efficacy of Measuring Oxygen Extraction Ratio for Determination of Intraoperative Red Blood Cell Transfusion in a Case with Chronic Normovolemic Anemia. THE JOURNAL OF JAPAN SOCIETY FOR CLINICAL ANESTHESIA 26:7, 691-697
     

348. 348

     David L. Reich, Alexander Mittnacht, Joel A. Kaplan. Uncommon Cardiac Diseases. In: Anesthesia and Uncommon Diseases. Elsevier, 2006:29-76.
     

349. 349

     Maurizio Cereda, Jiri Horak, Patrick Neligan. Renal Diseases. In: Anesthesia and Uncommon Diseases. Elsevier, 2006:229-260.
     

350. 350

     Ognjen Gajic, Rolf D. Hubmayr. Hemodynamic Monitoring. In: Clinical Critical Care Medicine. Elsevier, 2006:101-108.
     

351. 351

     P. Lacombe, M. El Hajjam, C. Lagrange, B. Boru, S. Binsse, T. Chinet, P. Delaval, S. Chagnon, J.-P. Pelage. (2006) Angiographie interventionnelle bronchopulmonaire et cave supérieure. EMC - Pneumologie 3:1, 1-23
     

352. 352

     Jeffery S. Vender, Mark Franklin. (2005) Hemodynamic Assessment of the Critically Ill Patient. International Anesthesiology Clinics 42:1, 31-58
     

353. 353

     Dennis C. Gore, Amanda Rinehart, Greg Asimakis. (2005) Temporal changes in cellular energy following burn injury. Burns 31:8, 998-1002
     

354. 354

     Shigeki Fujitani, Marie R. Baldisseri. (2005) Hemodynamic assessment in a pregnant and peripartum patient. Critical Care Medicine 33:Supplement, S354-S361
     

355. 355

     David R. King, Stephen M. Cohn, Ara J. Feinstein, Kenneth G. Proctor. (2005) Systemic Coagulation Changes Caused by Pulmonary Artery Catheters: Laboratory Findings and Clinical Correlation. The Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care 59:4, 853-859
     

356. 356

     Wessel Ganzevoort, Annelies Rep, Gouke J. Bonsel, Willem P.F. Fetter, Loekie Sonderen, Johanna I.P. Vries, Hans Wolf, . (2005) A randomised controlled trial comparing two temporising management strategies, one with and one without plasma volume expansion, for severe and early onset pre-eclampsia. BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology 112:10, 1358-1368
     

357. 357

     Anju Nohria, Lisa M. Mielniczuk, Lynne Warner Stevenson. (2005) Evaluation and Monitoring of Patients with Acute Heart Failure Syndromes. The American Journal of Cardiology 96:6, 32-40
     

358. 358

     Vilma A. Joseph, Robert S. Lagasse. (2005) Monitoring and Analysis of Outcome Studies. International Anesthesiology Clinics 42:2, 113-130
     

359. 359

     C. Wiesenack, C. Fiegl, A. Keyser, C. Prasser, C. Keyl. (2005) Assessment of fluid responsiveness in mechanically ventilated cardiac surgical patients. European Journal of Anaesthesiology 22:9, 658-665
     

360. 360

     Richard L. Summers. (2005) Emerging Diagnostics. Critical Pathways in Cardiology: A Journal of Evidence-Based Medicine 4:3, 134-139
     

361. 361

     Steeve Giguère, Eric Bucki, Darcy B. Adin, AIexander Valverde, Amara H. Estrada, Linda Young. (2005) Cardiac Output Measurement by Partial Carbon Dioxide Rebreathing, 2-Dimensional Echocardiography, and Lithium-Dilution Method in Anesthetized Neonatal Foals. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine 19:5, 737-743
     

362. 362

     C. Schmidt, G. Theilmeier, H. Van Aken, C. Flottmann, S. P. Wirtz, H-G. Kehl, A. Hoffmeier, E. Berendes. (2005) Effective systolic orifice area of the aortic valve: implications for Doppler echocardiographic cardiac output determinations. Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica 49:8, 1135-1141
     

363. 363

     Fr??d??ric Michard. (2005) Changes in Arterial Pressure during Mechanical Ventilation. Anesthesiology 103:2, 419-428
     

364. 364

     Bruno Simini. (2005) Pulmonary artery catheters in intensive care. The Lancet 366:9484, 435-436
     

365. 365

     T. W. Felbinger, M. S. Goepfert, T. Goresch, A. E. Goetz, D. A. Reuter. (2005) Arterielle Pulskonturanalyse zur Messung des Herzindex unter Veränderungen der Vorlast und der aortalen Impedanz. Der Anaesthesist 54:8, 755-762
     

366. 366

     Guido Bertolini, Marco Confalonieri, Carlotta Rossi, Giancarlo Rossi, Bruno Simini, Massimo Gorini, Antonio Corrado. (2005) Costs of the COPD. Differences between intensive care unit and respiratory intermediate care unit. Respiratory Medicine 99:7, 894-900
     

367. 367

     Kevin K. Tremper. (2005) As we move into the new millennium*. Critical Care Medicine 33:7, 1647-1648
     

368. 368

     Joseph Cuschieri, Emanuel P. Rivers, Michael W. Donnino, Marius Katilius, Gordon Jacobsen, H. Bryant Nguyen, Nikolai Pamukov, H. Mathilda Horst. (2005) Central venous-arterial carbon dioxide difference as an indicator of cardiac index. Intensive Care Medicine 31:6, 818-822
     

369. 369

     Eleanor M. Summerhill, Michael Baram. (2005) Principles of Pulmonary Artery Catheterization in the Critically Ill. Lung 183:3, 209-219
     

370. 370

     Ogilvie Thom, David Taylor. (2005) Transthoracic electrical bioimpedance: A means of filling the void?. Emergency Medicine Australasia 17:3, 249-262
     

371. 371

     Thomas W. Felbinger, Daniel A. Reuter, Holger K. Eltzschig, Julian Bayerlein, Alwin E. Goetz. (2005) Cardiac index measurements during rapid preload changes: a comparison of pulmonary artery thermodilution with arterial pulse contour analysis. Journal of Clinical Anesthesia 17:4, 241-248
     

372. 372

     Joseph M. Water, Martin L. Dalton, David C. Parish, Robert L. Vogel, John C. Beatty, Said O. Adeniyi. (2005) Cardiopulmonary Assessment: Is Improvement Needed?. World Journal of Surgery 29:S1, S95-S98
     

373. 373

     Stephen Bernard. (2005) The patient with shock: Is there any role for the non-invasive monitoring of cardiac output?. Emergency Medicine Australasia 17:3, 189-190
     

374. 374

     N.B Bagul, N.J. Menon, R. Pathak, A. Platts, G. Hamilton. (2005) Knot in the Cava—An Unusual Complication of Swan–Ganz Catheters. European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery 29:6, 651-653
     

375. 375

     Michael R. Pinsky, Jean-Louis Vincent. (2005) Let us use the pulmonary artery catheter correctly and only when we need it. Critical Care Medicine 33:5, 1119-1122
     

376. 376

     Martin R. Tramèr, Bernhard Walder. (2005) Number Needed to Treat (or Harm). World Journal of Surgery 29:5, 576-581
     

377. 377

     Lena M. Napolitano. (2005) What’s New in General Surgery: Critical Care and Trauma. Journal of the American College of Surgeons 200:5, 755-765
     

378. 378

     Mauricio G. Cohen, Robert V. Kelly, David F. Kong, Venu Menon, Monica Shah, Jorge Ferreira, Karen S. Pieper, Douglas Criger, Rosana Poggio, E. Magnus Ohman, Joel Gore, Robert M. Califf, Christopher B. Granger. (2005) Pulmonary artery catheterization in acute coronary syndromes: Insights from the GUSTO IIb and GUSTO III trials. The American Journal of Medicine 118:5, 482-488
     

379. 379

     Phillip D. Levin, Charles L. Sprung. (2005) Another Point of View: No Swan song for the pulmonary artery catheter. Critical Care Medicine 33:5, 1123-1124
     

380. 380

     D. Mergner, P. Rosenberger, K. Unertl, H. K. Eltzschig. (2005) Präoperative Evaluation und perioperatives Vorgehen bei kardialen Risikopatienten. Der Anaesthesist 54:5, 427-441
     

381. 381

     James E. Dalen. (2005) PA catheter-guided therapy does not benefit critically ill patients. The American Journal of Medicine 118:5, 449-451
     

382. 382

     (2005) Guías de Práctica Clínica sobre el diagnóstico y tratamiento de la insuficiencia cardíaca aguda. Versión resumida. Revista Española de Cardiología 58:4, 389-429
     

383. 383

     Christoph Wiesenack, Christoph Fiegl, Andreas Keyser, Sven Laule, Christopher Prasser, Cornelius Keyl. (2005) Comparison of the accuracy of two different modes of continuous cardiac index measurement following rapid volume infusion. Canadian Journal of Anesthesia/Journal canadien d'anesthésie 52:4, 444-445
     

384. 384

     Jean-Michel I. Maarek, Daniel P. Holschneider, Jun Yang, Sarah N. Pniak, Eduardo H. Rubinstein. (2005) Transcutaneous Fluorescence Dilution Cardiac Output and Circulating Blood Volume during Hemorrhagic Hypovolemia. Anesthesiology 102:4, 774-782
     

385. 385

     Daniel De Backer, Jean-Louis Vincent. (2005) Decreased Mortality with the Use of the Pulmonary Artery Catheter?. Critical Care Medicine 33:4, 917
     

386. 386

     Jonathan R. Egan, Marino Festa, Andrew D. Cole, Graham R. Nunn, Jonathan Gillis, David S. Winlaw. (2005) Clinical assessment of cardiac performance in infants and children following cardiac surgery. Intensive Care Medicine 31:4, 568-573
     

387. 387

     Mathias Z??rcher, Martin Tram??r, Bernhard Walder. (2005) Intravascular Catheter-Associated Infection. Anesthesia & Analgesia1217
     

388. 388

     Glenn S. Murphy, Martin Nitsun, Jeffery S. Vender. (2005) Is the pulmonary artery catheter useful?. Best Practice & Research Clinical Anaesthesiology 19:1, 97-110
     

389. 389

     Damon C. Scales, Gordon D. Rubenfeld. (2005) Estimating sample size in critical care clinical trials. Journal of Critical Care 20:1, 6-11
     

390. 390

     K. Pethig, H. R. Figulla. (2005) Kardiopulmonales Monitoring bei gastroenterologischen und renalen Notfllen. Der Internist 46:3, 310-314
     

391. 391

     G. Marx, T. Schuerholz, R. Sümpelmann, T. Simon, M. Leuwer. (2005) Comparison of cardiac output measurements by arterial trans-cardiopulmonary and pulmonary arterial thermodilution with direct Fick in septic shock. European Journal of Anaesthesiology 22:2, 129-134
     

392. 392

     Charl J. De Wet, Kevin McConnell, Eric Jacobsohn. (2005) Progress in Postoperative ICU Management. Thoracic Surgery Clinics 15:1, 159-180
     

393. 393

     Stephan M. Jakob. (2005) Blindness in the Intensive Care Unit. Anesthesia & Analgesia 100:1, 189-191
     

394. 394

     K Rizvi, B P. deBoisblanc, J D. Truwit, G Dhillon, A Arroliga, B D. Fuchs, K K. Guntupalli, D Hite, D Hayden. (2005) Effect of airway pressure display on interobserver agreement in the assessment of vascular pressures in patients with acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome*. Critical Care Medicine 33:1, 98-103
     

395. 395

     Sean-Xavier Neath, Lucia Lazio, David A. Guss. (2005) Utility of Impedance Cardiography to Improve Physician Estimation of Hemodynamic Parameters in the Emergency Department. Congestive Heart Failure 11:1, 17-20
     

396. 396

     Syed Hashmi, Selwyn O. Rogers. (2005) Current concepts in critical care. Journal of the American College of Surgeons 200:1, 88-95
     

397. 397

     Katherine Stevens, Christopher McCabe, Carys Jones, Joanne Ashcroft, Sheila Harvey, Kathy Rowan. (2005) The Incremental Cost Effectiveness of Withdrawing Pulmonary Artery Catheters from Routine Use in Critical Care. Applied Health Economics and Health Policy 4:4, 257-264
     

398. 398

     Wessel Ganzevoort, Annelies Rep, Gouke J. Bonsel, Johanna I.P. De Vries, Hans Wolf. (2005) A randomized trial of plasma volume expansion in hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: Influence on the pulsatility indices of the fetal umbilical artery and middle cerebral artery. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 192:1, 233-239
     

399. 399

     Andrew B. Leibowitz. (2005) More reliable determination of central venous and pulmonary artery occlusion pressures: Does it matter?*. Critical Care Medicine 33:1, 243
     

400. 400

     Carlos V.R. Brown, William C. Shoemaker, Charles C.J. Wo, Linda Chan, Demetrios Demetriades. (2005) Is Noninvasive Hemodynamic Monitoring Appropriate for the Elderly Critically Injured Patient?. The Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care 58:1, 102-107
     

401. 401

     (2004) The Ethical Conduct of Clinical Research Involving Critically Ill Patients in the United States and Canada. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 170:12, 1375-1384
     

402. 402

     Henry J Silverman. (2004) The Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Network controversy: lessons and legacy. Current Opinion in Critical Care 10:4, 560-564
     

403. 403

     C HOLM, M MAYR, J TEGELER, F HORBRAND, G HENCKELVONDONNERSMARCK, W MUHLBAUER, U PFEIFFER. (2004) A clinical randomized study on the effects of invasive monitoring on burn shock resuscitation. Burns 30:8, 798-807
     

404. 404

     L. B. Nilsson, J. C. Nilsson, L. T. Skovgaard, P. G. Berthelsen. (2004) Thermodilution cardiac output - are three injections enough?. Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica 48:10, 1322-1327
     

405. 405

     W. Zink, J. Nöll, H. Rauch, H. Bauer, R. DeSimone, E. Martin, B. W. Böttiger. (2004) Continuous Assessment of Right Ventricular Ejection Fraction: New pulmonary artery catheter versus transoesophageal echocardiography. Anaesthesia 59:11, 1126-1132
     

406. 406

     Emmanuel Sirdar, Jean-Gilles Guimond, Isabelle Coiteux, Sylvain Blisle, Denis Babin, Marie-Claude Guertin, Andr Denault. (2004) Mixed venous blood gas sampling is not influenced by the speed of withdrawal in cardiac surgery patients. Intensive Care Medicine 30:10, 1969-1973
     

407. 407

     Adrian F. Hernandez, David J. Whellan, Sharon Stroud, Jie Lena Sun, Christopher M. O'Connor, James G. Jollis. (2004) Outcomes in heart failure patients after major noncardiac surgery. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 44:7, 1446-1453
     

408. 408

     Kara L. Adams. (2004) Hemodynamic Assessment. AACN Clinical Issues: Advanced Practice in Acute and Critical Care 15:4, 534-546
     

409. 409

     S. Thierry, D. Thébert, E. Brocas, F. Razzaghi, E. Vermes, A. Van de Louw, A. Tenaillon. (2004) Estimation postopératoire de la pression artérielle pulmonaire d'occlusion par étude Doppler, en mode M couleur, du flux transmitral. Annales Françaises d'Anesthésie et de Réanimation 23:9, 873-878
     

410. 410

     Steven M. Hollenberg, Tom S. Ahrens, Djillali Annane, Mark E. Astiz, Donald B. Chalfin, Joseph F. Dasta, Stephen O. Heard, Claude Martin, Lena M. Napolitano, Gregory M. Susla, Richard Totaro, Jean-Louis Vincent, Sergio Zanotti-Cavazzoni. (2004) Practice parameters for hemodynamic support of sepsis in adult patients: 2004 update. Critical Care Medicine 32:9, 1928-1948
     

411. 411

     Greg J. Beilman. (2004) New Strategies to Improve Outcomes in the Surgical Intensive Care Unit. Surgical Infections 5:3, 289-300
     

412. 412

     Parneeta Bhatia, Nahel N. Saied, Mark E. Comunale. (2004) Management of an Unusual Complication During Placement of a Pulmonary Artery Catheter. Anesthesia & Analgesia 99:3, 669-671
     

413. 413

     R. Landau, R. Giraud, M. Morales, C. Kern, P. Trindade. (2004) Sequential combined spinal-epidural anesthesia for cesarean section in a woman with a double-outlet right ventricle. Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica 48:7, 922-926
     

414. 414

     Shigehiko Uchino, Gordon S. Doig, Rinaldo Bellomo, Hiroshi Morimatsu, Stanislao Morgera, Miet Schetz, Ian Tan, Catherine Bouman, Ettiene Macedo, Noel Gibney, Ashita Tolwani, Claudio Ronco, John A. Kellum. (2004) Diuretics and mortality in acute renal failure*. Critical Care Medicine 32:8, 1669-1677
     

415. 415

     Damon C Scales, William J Sibbald. (2004) Medical technology in the intensive care unit. Current Opinion in Critical Care 10:4, 238-245
     

416. 416

     Roderick H. Tung, Christine Garcia, Alexander M. Morss, Richard M. Pino, Michael A. Fifer, B Taylor Thompson, Kent Lewandrowski, Elizabeth Lee-Lewandrowski, James L. Januzzi. (2004) Utility of B-type natriuretic peptide for the evaluation of intensive care unit shock*. Critical Care Medicine 32:8, 1643-1647
     

417. 417

     Steven Jacques, Brahm Goldstein. (2004) Noninvasive measurement of cardiac output: The continuing saga and lessons learned*. Pediatric Critical Care Medicine 5:4, 410-411
     

418. 418

     Michael P. Young, Harold L. Manning, Diana L. Wilson, Stephen A. Mette, Richard R. Riker, J. C. Leiter, Stephen K. Liu, Jason T. Bates, Polly E. Parsons. (2004) Ventilation of patients with acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome: Has new evidence changed clinical practice?*. Critical Care Medicine 32:6, 1260-1265
     

419. 419

     Karen B. Domino, T. Andrew Bowdle, Karen L. Posner, Pete H. Spitellie, Lorri A. Lee, Frederick W. Cheney. (2004) Injuries and Liability Related to Central Vascular Catheters. Anesthesiology 100:6, 1411-1418
     

420. 420

     C. K. Hofer, S. Buhlmann, R. Klaghofer, M. Genoni, A. Zollinger. (2004) Pulsed dye densitometry with two different sensor types for cardiac output measurement after cardiac surgery: a comparison with the thermodilution technique. Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica 48:5, 653-657
     

421. 421

     Shamsuddin Akhtar, David G. Silverman. (2004) Assessment and management of patients with ischemic heart disease. Critical Care Medicine 32:Supplement, S126-S136
     

422. 422

     Guillermo Gutierrez, Marian E Wulf-Gutierrez, H David Reines. (2004) Monitoring oxygen transport and tissue oxygenation. Current Opinion in Anaesthesiology 17:2, 107-117
     

423. 423

     Dean R. Chittock, Vinay K. Dhingra, Juan J. Ronco, James A. Russell, Dave M. Forrest, Martin Tweeddale, John C. Fenwick. (2004) Severity of illness and risk of death associated with pulmonary artery catheter use*. Critical Care Medicine 32:4, 911-915
     

424. 424

     J. Dean Sandham. (2004) Pulmonary artery catheter use—Refining the question *. Critical Care Medicine 32:4, 1070-1071
     

425. 425

     Henry J. Silverman, Franklin G. Miller. (2004) Control group selection in critical care randomized controlled trials evaluating interventional strategies: An ethical assessment*. Critical Care Medicine 32:3, 852-857
     

426. 426

     Marie-Josée Bouchard, André Denault, Pierre Couture, Marie-Claude Guertin, Denis Babin, Paul Ouellet, Michel Carrier, Jean-Claude Tardif. (2004) Poor correlation between hemodynamic and echocardiographic indexes of left ventricular performance in the operating room and intensive care unit. Critical Care Medicine 32:3, 644-648
     

427. 427

     Marc A. Silver, Pamela Cianci, Sharon Brennan, Helen Longeran-Thomas, Faheem Ahmad. (2004) Evaluation of Impedance Cardiography as an Alternative to Pulmonary Artery Catheterization in Critically Ill Patients. Congestive Heart Failure 10:s2, 17-21
     

428. 428

     Anand Kumar, Ramon Anel, Eugene Bunnell, Kalim Habet, Sergio Zanotti, Stephanie Marshall, Alex Neumann, Amjad Ali, Mary Cheang, Clifford Kavinsky, Joseph E. Parrillo. (2004) Pulmonary artery occlusion pressure and central venous pressure fail to predict ventricular filling volume, cardiac performance, or the response to volume infusion in normal subjects. Critical Care Medicine 32:3, 691-699
     

429. 429

     Charmaine A Lewis, Greg S Martin. (2004) Understanding and managing fluid balance in patients with acute lung injury. Current Opinion in Critical Care 10:1, 13-17
     

430. 430

     Robert L Sheridan, Ronald G Tompkins. (2004) What's new in burns and metabolism. Journal of the American College of Surgeons 198:2, 243-263
     

431. 431

     Ton J. Cleophas. (2004) Clinical trials and p-values, beware of the extremes. Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine 42:3, 300-304
     

432. 432

     I. Parviainen, A. Herranen, A. Holm, A. Uusaro, E. Ruokonen. (2004) Results and costs of intensive care in a tertiary university hospital from 1996-2000. Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica 48:1, 55-60
     

433. 433

     Christoph Schmidt, Frank Hinder, Hugo Van Aken, Jan Poelaert. Global Left Ventricular Systolic Function. In: Transoesophageal Echocardiography in Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine. BMJ Publishing Group, 2004:47-79.
     

434. 434

     C. K. Hofer, A. Zollinger, M. Rak, S. Matter-Ensner, R. Klaghofer, Th. Pasch, M. P. Zalunardo. (2004) Therapeutic impact of intra-operative transoesophageal echocardiography during noncardiac surgery. Anaesthesia 59:1, 3-9
     

435. 435

     Lindsay E. Robinson, Mary H. van Soeren. (2004) Insulin Resistance and Hyperglycemia in Critical Illness. AACN Clinical Issues: Advanced Practice in Acute and Critical Care 15:1, 45-62
     

436. 436

     Andrew B. Leibowitz. (2003) Who benefits from pulmonary artery catheterization? *. Critical Care Medicine 31:12, 2805-2806
     

437. 437

     D. Tony Yu, Richard Platt, Paul N. Lanken, Edgar Black, Kenneth E. Sands, J. Sanford Schwartz, Patricia L. Hibberd, Paul S. Graman, Katherine L. Kahn, David R. Snydman, Jeffrey Parsonnet, Richard Moore, David W. Bates. (2003) Relationship of pulmonary artery catheter use to mortality and resource utilization in patients with severe sepsis*. Critical Care Medicine 31:12, 2734-2741
     

438. 438

     S. M. Hameed, W. C. Aird, S. M. Cohn. (2003) Oxygen delivery. Critical Care Medicine 31:Supplement, S658-S667
     

439. 439

     James M. O'Brien, Edward Abraham. (2003) New approaches to the treatment of sepsis. Clinics in Chest Medicine 24:4, 521-548
     

440. 440

     R. O. Feneck. (2003) Cardiac anaesthesia: the last 10 years. Anaesthesia 58:12, 1171-1177
     

441. 441

     Antoine Vieillard-Baron, Sebastien Prin, Karim Chergui, Olivier Dubourg, François Jardin. (2003) Hemodynamic Instability in Sepsis. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 168:11, 1270-1276
     

442. 442

     Gregory Crosby. (2003) Neuroanesthesia Practice Standards: We Need Data, Not Dogma. Journal of Neurosurgical Anesthesiology 15:4, 337-340
     

443. 443

     P.Aiden McCormick, Darren Treanor, Geraldine McCormack, Michael Farrell. (2003) Early death from paracetamol (acetaminophen) induced fulminant hepatic failure without cerebral oedema. Journal of Hepatology 39:4, 547-551
     

444. 444

     Steve G Peters, Bekele Afessa, Paul A Decker, Darrell R Schroeder, Kenneth P Offord, John P Scott. (2003) Increased risk associated with pulmonary artery catheterization in the medical intensive care unit. Journal of Critical Care 18:3, 166-171
     

445. 445

     J.Dean Sandham. (2003) Why?. Journal of Critical Care 18:3, 171-172
     

446. 446

     Robert Stephens, Monty Mythen. (2003) Optimizing intraoperative fluid therapy. Current Opinion in Anaesthesiology 16:4, 385-392
     

447. 447

     (2003) Scientific surgery. British Journal of Surgery 90:8, 1025-1025
     

448. 448

     Robert Stephens, Monty Mythen. (2003) Current Opinion in Anaesthesiology 16:4, 385-392
     

449. 449

     M. D. Kertai, J. Klein, H. van Urk, J. J. Bax, D. Poldermans. (2003) Cardiac complications after elective major vascular surgery. Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica 47:6, 643-654
     

450. 450

     Lee Goldman. (2003) Evidence-based perioperative risk reduction. The American Journal of Medicine 114:9, 763-764
     

451. 451

     Alan H. Morris. (2003) Treatment algorithms and protocolized care. Current Opinion in Critical Care 9:3, 236-240
     

452. 452

     Rinaldo Bellomo, Shigehiko Uchino. (2003) Cardiovascular monitoring tools: use and misuse. Current Opinion in Critical Care 9:3, 225-229
     

453. 453

     Michael R. Pinsky. (2003) Rationale for cardiovascular monitoring. Current Opinion in Critical Care 9:3, 222-224
     

454. 454

     Monty G. Mythen. (2003) Advances in Colloid Therapy. Transfusion Alternatives in Transfusion Medicine 5:s2, 28-30
     

455. 455

     (2003) Pulmonary-Artery Catheters in High-Risk Surgical Patients. New England Journal of Medicine 348:20, 2035-2037
     Free Full Text

456. 456

     Karlawish , Jason H.T. , . (2003) Research Involving Cognitively Impaired Adults. New England Journal of Medicine 348:14, 1389-1392
     Full Text

457. 457

     Parsons , Polly E. , . (2003) Progress in Research on Pulmonary-Artery Catheters. New England Journal of Medicine 348:1, 66-68
     Full Text

458. 458

     A KUMAR. Shock: Classification, Pathophysiology, and Approach to Management. In: Critical Care Medicine. Elsevier, 1991:379-422.
     

Letters