Original Article
Toll-like Receptor 4 Polymorphisms and Atherogenesis
N Engl J Med 2002; 347:185-192July 18, 2002
- Abstract
Background
The ability to mount a prominent inflammatory response to bacterial pathogens confers an advantage in innate immune defense but may signal an increased risk of atherosclerosis. We determined whether recently discovered genetic variants of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) that confer differences in the inflammatory response elicited by bacterial lipopolysaccharide are related to the development of atherosclerosis.
Methods
As part of the five-year follow-up in the Bruneck (Italy) Study, we screened 810 persons in the study cohort for the TLR4 polymorphisms Asp299Gly and Thr399Ile. The extent and progression of carotid atherosclerosis were assessed by high-resolution duplex ultrasonography.
Results
As compared with subjects with wild-type TLR4, the 55 subjects with the Asp299Gly TLR4 allele had lower levels of certain proinflammatory cytokines, acute-phase reactants, and soluble adhesion molecules, such as interleukin-6 and fibrinogen. Although these subjects were found to be more susceptible to severe bacterial infections, they had a lower risk of carotid atherosclerosis (odds ratio, 0.54; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.32 to 0.98; P=0.05) and a smaller intima–media thickness in the common carotid artery (regression coefficient, –0.07; 95 percent confidence interval, –0.12 to –0.02; P=0.01).
Conclusions
The Asp299Gly TLR4 polymorphism, which attenuates receptor signaling and diminishes the inflammatory response to gram-negative pathogens, is associated with a decreased risk of atherosclerosis. This finding is consistent with the hypothesis that innate immunity may play a part in atherogenesis.
Media in This Article
Figure 2
Associations between Common Toll-like Receptor 4 Polymorphisms and Measures of the Severity and Progression of Atherosclerosis.Figure 1
Toll-like Receptor 4 (TLR4).Article Activity
- Article
Induction of inflammation is an important component in the defense against microorganisms. Owing to the putative proatherogenic effects of intravascular inflammation, we hypothesized that an efficient innate immune defense may offer an early advantage at the expense of chronic vascular damage in later years.
The responsiveness of the individual innate immune system has a complex genetic background and depends on the virulence of given pathogens. Recently, a family of receptors — the toll receptors — has been described that provides a critical link between immune stimulants produced by microorganisms and the initiation of host defense.1-4 Activation of these receptors results in the release of antimicrobial peptides, inflammatory cytokines, and costimulatory molecules that initiate adaptive immunity (Figure 1Figure 1
Toll-like Receptor 4 (TLR4).).2 For infections with gram-negative bacteria, lipopolysaccharide is the main source of inflammation, and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is crucial in mediating its effects.1-4 TLR4 is expressed on cardiomyocytes, macrophages, airway epithelia, and endothelial and smooth-muscle cells and in small amounts in most other tissues.2,5 Although the relation between TLR4 and lipopolysaccharide has been the most thoroughly investigated, TLR4 also interacts with other exogenous and endogenous ligands, including respiratory syncytial virus, heat-shock proteins, fibronectin, fibrinogen, and hyaluronic acid (Figure 1).2,6-9 The recent characterization of the human TLR4 polymorphisms Asp299Gly and Thr399Ile, which impair the efficacy of lipopolysaccharide signaling and the capacity to elicit inflammation,10 offers a good opportunity for a critical evaluation of the hypothesis that innate immunity plays a part in atherogenesis. For that purpose, we assessed the two TLR4 variants in a random sample of the general population and analyzed the relations among these polymorphisms, the level of systemic inflammation, the risk of severe infections, and the development of atherosclerosis.
Methods
Study Subjects
The Bruneck Study is a prospective population-based survey of the epidemiology and pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.11-13 The study protocol was reviewed and approved by the appropriate ethics committees, and all study subjects gave their written informed consent. At the 1990 base-line evaluation, the study population was recruited as a random sample, stratified according to sex and age, of all inhabitants of Bruneck, Italy (125 women and 125 men in each of the following age groups: 40 to 49 years, 50 to 59 years, 60 to 69 years, and 70 to 79 years). A total of 93.6 percent of those recruited participated, and data assessment was completed for 919 subjects. Between 1990 and the reevaluation in the summer of 1995 (the first five-year period) 63 subjects died or moved away. Among survivors who remained in Bruneck, follow-up was 96.5 percent complete (826 subjects had complete data for the first period). Blood specimens for DNA extraction were drawn as part of the follow-up in 1995. No adequate polymerase-chain-reaction (PCR) products were obtainable from 16 samples, so 810 men and women were included in the main analysis. Of these subjects, 94 died between the summer of 1995 and the summer of 2000 (the second five-year period). During the second period, 100 percent of the subjects (810) were followed up for newly diagnosed cardiovascular disease, and 94.3 percent of the 716 survivors (675 subjects) underwent sonographic reevaluation.
Clinical History Taking and Examination
Hypertension was defined as a blood pressure (mean of three measurements) of 160/95 mm Hg or higher or the use of antihypertensive drugs. Subjects were considered to have diabetes mellitus if they had a fasting glucose level of at least 140 mg per deciliter (7.7 mmol per liter), a glucose level two hours after oral glucose challenge of at least 200 mg per deciliter (11.1 mmol per liter), or both.
Information on severe acute infections of bacterial origin including pneumonia, pyelonephritis, peritonitis, diverticulitis, and sepsis was collected during the second five-year follow-up period from a detailed self-reported medical history, medical records provided by general practitioners, death certificates, and reviews of the data bases of the Bruneck Hospital, which is the only hospital in the district. Chronic infections were assessed by an extensive screening procedure, as detailed previously.14
Assessment of newly diagnosed (fatal and nonfatal) cardiovascular disease during the second period was based on the patient's medical history, a detailed review of the data bases of the Bruneck Hospital and of death certificates, and the results of clinical and various laboratory examinations.15 Myocardial infarction was considered confirmed when the World Health Organization criteria for definite disease status were met.16 Stroke and transient ischemic attack were classified according to the criteria of the National Survey of Stroke.17 The diagnosis of peripheral artery disease required a positive response to the Rose questionnaire, with the vascular nature of problems confirmed by standard diagnostic procedures.
Laboratory Methods
Blood samples were drawn after an overnight fast and 12 hours of abstinence from smoking.18 In subjects with acute infection, the drawing of blood was delayed for at least six weeks — that is, until at least four to five weeks after recovery from the infectious illness. Markers of infection and inflammation were measured with commercial assays as follows: C-reactive protein, α1-antitrypsin, and ceruloplasmin by nephelometry (Behring); soluble vascular-cell adhesion molecule 1, soluble intracellular adhesion molecule 1, and E-selectin by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (R&D Systems and Bender); soluble interleukin-2 receptor by enzyme immunoassay (T Cell Diagnostics); neopterin by radioimmunoassay (Henning), and interleukin-6 by enzyme amplified sensitivity immunoassay (Biosource).
DNA Extraction and TLR4 Genotyping
Genomic DNA was prepared from frozen whole blood with the use of a blood DNA isolation kit (Genomic Prep, Amersham Pharmacia Biotech). Subsequent allele-specific PCR amplification for the TLR4 alleles Asp299Gly and Thr399Ile was performed according to a previously described protocol.19 Genotypes were assigned by independent investigators who were unaware of the patients' identities and phenotypes.
Assessment of Atherosclerosis
The protocol for ultrasonography involved the scanning of the internal carotid arteries (bulbus and distal segments) and the common (proximal and distal segments) carotid arteries on both sides with a 10-MHz imaging probe.18 Atherosclerotic lesions were defined according to two ultrasonographic criteria: the wall surface (the presence of protrusions or roughness on the arterial boundary) and the wall texture (whether or not it was echogenic). The maximal axial diameter of plaques was assessed in each of the eight vessel segments, and an atherosclerosis score was calculated by summing all diameters (intraobserver coefficient of variation in a random subgroup [“reproducibility sample”] consisting of 100 persons in the Bruneck population, 13.5 percent).18 In addition, the development of new carotid plaques (new cases of atherosclerosis) was assessed in all subjects (kappa coefficients in the reproducibility sample, >0.8).11,12 The intima–media thickness was quantified at the far wall of plaque-free sections of the common carotid arteries as the distance between the interface of the lumen and the intima and the interface of the media and the adventitia (intraobserver coefficient of variation in the reproducibility sample, 7.9 percent).12
Statistical Analysis
Analysis of variance was used to compare levels of circulating mediators of inflammation in subjects with wild-type TLR4, those with the Asp299Gly allele, and those with both the Asp299Gly allele and the Thr399Ile allele. In supplementary analyses, the levels in subjects with wild-type TLR4 were compared with those in the other two groups combined. The association of TLR4 polymorphisms with newly diagnosed carotid atherosclerosis was examined by logistic-regression analysis with a test procedure determined by the maximum-likelihood estimator.20 A base model was adjusted only for age, sex, and presence or absence of atherosclerosis at base line. Multiple regression analyses were adjusted for a fixed set of covariates that were assessed in previous analyses of the vascular risk profiles of the Bruneck study population.13 Genetic categories were modeled as sets of indicator variables. The presence of differential effects of TLR4 variants on the risk of atherosclerosis in various subgroups was tested by the inclusion of interaction terms. Logistic-regression models were supplemented and confirmed by linear regression analyses in which the log-transformed atherosclerosis score or the intima–media thickness was used as a continuous outcome variable. Finally, crude and adjusted hazard ratios for newly diagnosed cardiovascular disease were calculated by Cox models.21 All P values are two-sided.
Results
Of the 810 men and women tested, 53 were heterozygous for the Asp299Gly TLR4 allele, and 2 were homozygous, for an allelic frequency of 3.1 percent and a carriage rate of 6.0 percent (with adjustment for the age and sex distribution of the general population in Bruneck). In 46 of these subjects (25 men and 21 women), cosegregation of the Thr399Ile polymorphism was observed, whereas 9 subjects (7 men and 2 women) had an isolated Asp299Gly polymorphism.
As compared with the carriers of the wild-type TLR4, subjects with the Asp299Gly allele (alone or in combination with the Thr399Ile allele) had lower levels of some of the inflammatory cytokines, acute-phase reactants, soluble adhesion molecules, and other mediators of inflammation that we tested (Table 1Table 1
Associations between Common Polymorphisms of Toll-like Receptor 4 and Levels of Markers of Inflammation in the 810 Subjects.). In contrast, no associations were observed between TLR4 genotypes and common vascular risk factors or lifestyle factors.Carriers of TLR4 polymorphisms appeared to be more susceptible to bacterial infections. In the current study population, 53 subjects (6.5 percent) had severe acute infections of putative bacterial origin during the second five-year period. The frequency of such infectious illness was substantially higher among subjects with the Asp299Gly allele but not the Thr399Ile allele (3 of 9 [33 percent]) and subjects with both polymorphisms (5 of 46 [11 percent]) than among those with wild-type TLR4 (45 of 755 [6 percent]; P=0.002 by the chi-square test). In contrast, chronic infections occurred at similar rates in the various groups (4 of 9 [44 percent], 16 of 46 [35 percent], and 242 of 755 [32 percent], respectively; P=0.69 by the chi-square test).
Next, we estimated the potential effects of TLR4 polymorphisms on carotid-artery disease with the use of three distinct ultrasonographic measures of the severity and progression of atherosclerosis: intima–media thickness in the common carotid artery (measured in 1995) — a frequently used surrogate measure for systemic vessel disease; an atherosclerosis summary score18 (calculated in 1995); and the person-based model of atherosclerosis progression developed specifically for the Bruneck Study (applied during the first five-year period).11,12 Results of these analyses are summarized in Figure 2Figure 2
Associations between Common Toll-like Receptor 4 Polymorphisms and Measures of the Severity and Progression of Atherosclerosis.. Whatever measure of atherosclerosis was applied, the Asp299Gly TLR4 allele emerged as a significant protective factor. Beneficial effects appeared to be more pronounced in the 9 subjects with the isolated Asp299Gly polymorphism than in the 46 subjects with both Asp299Gly and Thr399Ile. The age- and sex-adjusted mean intima–media thickness was 1006 μm in subjects with wild-type TLR4 and 937 μm in those with the Asp299Gly allele (difference, 69 μm). Corresponding values for the atherosclerosis score were 4.26 mm and 3.03 mm (difference, 1.23 mm).All of the above results were virtually unchanged when the statistical models were adjusted for common vascular risk factors (Figure 2). There was no evidence of differential effects of TLR4 polymorphisms in subgroups defined according to the level of risk or lifestyle factors.
To demonstrate the consistency of our findings over a longer period, the computations were repeated with data from the second five-year follow-up period. These analyses yielded associations between TLR4 polymorphisms and atherosclerosis similar to those found in the original evaluation. Despite the fact that fewer study subjects (675) were involved, most relations found were statistically significant. The regression coefficients for the comparison between subjects with the Asp299Gly allele and those with wild-type TLR4 were as follows: intima–media thickness (measured in 2000), –0.046 (95 percent confidence interval, –0.090 to –0.001; P=0.04) with adjustment for age and sex, and –0.042 (95 percent confidence interval, –0.085 to 0.001; P=0.06) according to the multivariate model; five-year changes in the intima–media thickness (during the second follow-up period), –0.050 (95 percent confidence interval, –0.099 to –0.001; P=0.05), with adjustment for age and sex, and –0.053 (95 percent confidence interval, –0.102 to –0.004; P=0.03) according to the multivariate model. The odds ratio for newly diagnosed atherosclerosis (during the second follow-up period) was 0.47 (95 percent confidence interval, 0.22 to 1.03; P=0.06) with adjustment for age and sex; according to the multivariate analysis, the odds ratio was 0.43 (95 percent confidence interval, 0.24 to 0.94; P=0.04).
Subjects with the Asp299Gly allele were less likely to have cardiovascular disease during the second follow-up period: the age- and sex-adjusted hazard ratio was 0.16 (95 percent confidence interval, 0.02 to 1.24; P=0.08). Similar proportions of the subjects who died during the second period (8 of 94 [8.5 percent]) and of those who survived (47 of 716 [6.6 percent]) had the Asp299Gly polymorphism; however, none of the 8 deaths in subjects with the polymorphism had cardiovascular causes, whereas 28 of the 86 deaths in subjects with wild-type TLR4 had cardiovascular causes (P=0.10 by Fisher's exact test).
Discussion
TLR4 is the transmembrane lipopolysaccharide receptor that initiates the innate immune response to common gram-negative bacteria, including Chlamydia pneumoniae and Helicobacter pylori — the two pathogens most commonly implicated in human atherogenesis.1-4,22,23 Lipopolysaccharide binding activates the transcription factor nuclear factor-κB, ultimately leading to the synthesis and release of antimicrobial peptides, inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, and costimulatory molecules that provide a critical link to adaptive immunity (Figure 1).1-4 These inflammatory mediators can exert various atherogenic effects involving the expression of adhesion molecules on endothelial cells, proliferation of smooth-muscle cells, activation of immune cells, and stimulation of the acute-phase response (Figure 1). Recently, numerous potential activators of TLR4 signaling and expression distinct from lipopolysaccharide have been suggested (Figure 1).2,6-9,24,25
In this investigation, we demonstrated that the presence of the common Asp299Gly polymorphism of TLR4, which affects the composition and structure of the extracellular domain of the receptor, predicted low levels of circulating inflammatory molecules and conferred an increased risk of severe infections but a reduced risk of atherosclerosis. The same polymorphism has been shown to attenuate human responsiveness to inhaled endotoxin in vivo and to interrupt TLR4-mediated lipopolysaccharide signaling in cellular-transfection studies and in airway epithelial cells from heterozygous persons; the latter effect may be corrected by the addition of wild-type TLR4.10
Our findings have several implications. First, part of the low-grade systemic inflammation that is measurable in healthy subjects appears to be mediated by the TLR4 pathway. Circulating bacterial lipopolysaccharide, a potent ligand of TLR4, is detectable in virtually all healthy persons, albeit at highly variable concentrations.26 Toxic lipoteichoic acid from gram-positive bacteria, mycobacterial lipids, and proteins from respiratory syncytial virus are also recognized by TLR4, and it has been proposed that there is functional “cross-talk” among the members of the TLR family.27-29 Therefore, the innate inflammatory defense against a broad palette of microorganisms may rely on an intact TLR4 pathway, and the immune system is commonly exposed to many of these pathogens. Recent findings indicate that the importance of TLR4 may well extend beyond antimicrobial defense to other inflammatory processes inherently related to human atherogenesis (Figure 1).4,8,9,25 Human heat-shock protein 60 has been shown to require functional TLR4 in order to stimulate the production of tumor necrosis factor α and nitric oxide.8 It has been proposed that heat-shock protein 60 acts as a “danger antigen” that, because of stimulation by various endogenous and exogenous stress factors, is overexpressed and partly released into the circulation, where it exerts inflammatory effects, thus driving the innate defense system to increased alertness.2,8 Moreover, oxidized low-density lipoprotein up-regulates TLR4 messenger RNA expression in vitro, and the expression of TLR4 by macrophages is preferentially increased in lipid-rich plaques in humans.25 In aggregate, these findings indicate that TLR4 is stimulated by multiple agents that bridge inflammation, infection, and hyperlipidemia.
Second, diminished levels of intravascular inflammation and the enhanced risk of severe bacterial infections observed in subjects with the Asp299Gly TLR4 polymorphism are clear indications of an attenuated innate immune defense. We have recently found that this allelic variant of TLR4 predisposes persons to septic shock with gram-negative microorganisms.30
Third, our study documents that a genetic variant rendering persons susceptible to acute disseminated bacterial infection confers a decreased risk of atherosclerosis. Conversely, carriers of the wild-type allele, who are therefore capable of producing a prominent inflammatory response to virulent gram-negative pathogens, appear to have an increased risk of atherosclerosis. There are two sources of indirect support for our findings. On the one hand, the level of systemic inflammation, irrespective of its origin, has been shown to be a prominent predictor of atherosclerosis in humans,31-33 and it has been conjectured that high levels of circulating endotoxin have similar predictive value.26,34 On the other hand, proinflammatory polymorphisms of other (key) components of the inflammatory cascade, such as polymorphisms of interleukin-6, E-selectin, tumor necrosis factor α, and CD14, have been linked to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease.35-38 It should, however, be noted that our epidemiologic finding of a lower risk of atherosclerosis among carriers of TLR4 polymorphisms lacks confirmation in animal studies. In recent experiments by Wright and colleagues, there was no difference in the extent of aortic atherosclerosis between standard apolipoprotein-E–deficient mice and mice that were also deficient in TLR4 or mice raised in a germ-free environment.39 In this mouse model of atherogenesis, TLR4 appeared to be unrelated to the emergence of vessel disease, at least in the absence of standardized exposure to pathogens.
In interpreting our data, several limitations and potential sources of bias should be considered. Individual measurements of markers of inflammation may not necessarily reflect the long-term activation of the inflammatory cascade. In the current study, however, some of the markers of inflammation were measured twice or three times at five-year intervals, and the associations with genetic TLR4 variants emerged consistently. We cannot exclude the possibility that TLR4 variants serve as markers of another important genetic abnormality without themselves being functionally relevant; none of the gene products encoded close to the TLR4 region on chromosome 9 have yet been found to be related to atherosclerosis. Finally, a differential loss to follow-up could have influenced the finding of a reduced risk of atherosclerosis among subjects with the Asp299Gly allele. Such a bias, however, appears unlikely, given the nearly complete follow-up, the small number of Asp299Gly-positive subjects among those who died, and the underrepresentation of deaths from cardiovascular causes in the group with the Asp299Gly allele.
In conclusion, the common Asp299Gly TLR4 polymorphism, which attenuates receptor signaling and diminishes the inflammatory response to gram-negative pathogens and, potentially, to other relevant ligands, is associated with low levels of certain circulating mediators of inflammation and a decreased risk of atherosclerosis. These data provide epidemiologic support for the concept that an efficient innate immune defense against bacteria and associated long-term intravascular inflammatory stress are involved in the development of atherosclerosis.
Supported by the Pustertaler Verein zur Prävention von Herz- und Hirngefäßerkrankungen, the Sanitätseinheit Ost, and the Assessorat für Gesundheit and by grants from the National Institutes of Health (ES07498, ES09607, ES11375, HL62628, HL66611, and HL66604) and the Department of Veterans Affairs Merit Review Program.
We are indebted to Bernd Weiler, Guenter Weiss, Christina M. Reinisch, Stefan Dunzendorfer, Manfred Herold, Amanda Carlson, and Sangheeta Mohanty for their cooperation and technical assistance.
Source Information
From the Departments of Neurology (S.K., M.R., J.W.) and Internal Medicine (C.J.W.), University Clinic, Innsbruck, Austria; Wake Forest University Medical School, Winston-Salem, N.C. (E.L.); the Department of Internal Medicine, Bruneck Hospital, Bruneck, Italy (F.O.); the Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Verona, Verona, Italy (E.B.); and the Department of Medicine and Genetics, Duke University Medical Center and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Durham, N.C. (D.A.S.).
Address reprint requests to Dr. Kiechl at the Department of Neurology, Innsbruck University Clinic, Anichstr. 35, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria, or at stefan.kiechl@uibk.ac.at.
- References
References
1
Kopp EB ,Medzhitov R . The Toll-receptor family and control of innate immunity. Curr Opin Immunol 1999;11:13-18
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline2
Akira S ,Takeda K ,Kaisho T . Toll-like receptors: critical proteins linking innate and acquired immunity. Nat Immunol 2001;2:675-680
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline3
Medzhitov R ,Preston-Hurlburt P ,Janeway CA Jr . A human homologue of the Drosophila Toll protein signals activation of adaptive immunity. Nature 1997;388:394-397
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline4
Chow JC ,Young DW ,Golenbock DT ,Christ WJ ,Gusovsky F . Toll-like receptor-4 mediates lipopolysaccharide-induced signal transduction. J Biol Chem 1999;274:10689-10692
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline5
Zarember KA ,Godowski PJ . Tissue expression of human Toll-like receptors and differential regulation of Toll-like receptor mRNAs in leukocytes in response to microbes, their products, and cytokines. J Immunol 2002;168:554-561
Web of Science | Medline6
Smiley ST ,King JA ,Hancock WW . Fibrinogen stimulates macrophage chemokine secretion through Toll-like receptor 4. J Immunol 2001;167:2887-2894
Web of Science | Medline7
Termeer C ,Benedix F ,Sleeman J , et al. Oligosaccharides of Hyaluronan activate dendritic cells via Toll-like receptor 4. J Exp Med 2002;195:99-111
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline8
Ohashi K ,Burkart V ,Flohe S ,Kolb H . Cutting edge: heat shock protein 60 is a putative endogenous ligand of the Toll-like receptor-4 complex. J Immunol 2000;164:558-561
Web of Science | Medline9
Sasu S ,LaVerda D ,Qureshi N ,Golenbock DT ,Beasley D . Chlamydia pneumoniae and chlamydial heat shock protein 60 stimulate proliferation of human vascular smooth muscle cells via Toll-like receptor 4 and p44/p42 mitogen-activated protein kinase activation. Circ Res 2001;89:244-250
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline10
Arbour NC ,Lorenz E ,Schutte BC , et al. TLR4 mutations are associated with endotoxin hyporesponsiveness in humans. Nat Genet 2000;25:187-191
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline11
Kiechl S ,Willeit J . The natural course of atherosclerosis. I. Incidence and progression. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 1999;19:1484-1490
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline12
Kiechl S ,Willeit J . The natural course of atherosclerosis. II. Vascular remodeling. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 1999;19:1491-1498
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline13
Willeit J ,Kiechl S ,Oberhollenzer F , et al. Distinct risk profiles of early and advanced atherosclerosis: prospective results from the Bruneck Study. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2000;20:529-537
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline14
Kiechl S ,Egger G ,Mayr M , et al. Chronic infections and the risk of carotid atherosclerosis: prospective results from a large population study. Circulation 2001;103:1064-1070
Web of Science | Medline15
Kiechl S ,Willeit J ,Egger G ,Poewe W ,Oberhollenzer F . Body iron stores and the risk of carotid atherosclerosis: prospective results from the Bruneck Study. Circulation 1997;96:3300-3307
Web of Science | Medline16
IHD register: report of the Fifth Working Group. Copenhagen, Denmark: World Health Organization, Regional Office for Europe, 1971.
17
Walker AE ,Robins M ,Weinfeld FD . The National Survey of Stroke: clinical findings. Stroke 1981;12:Suppl 1:I-1318
Willeit J ,Kiechl S . Prevalence and risk factors of asymptomatic extracranial carotid artery atherosclerosis: a population-based study. Arterioscler Thromb 1993;13:661-668
CrossRef | Medline19
Lorenz E ,Frees KL ,Schwartz DA . Determination of the TLR4 genotype using allele-specific PCR. Biotechniques 2001;31:22-24
Web of Science | Medline20
Hosmer DW Jr, Lemeshow S. Applied logistic regression. New York: John Wiley, 1989.
21
Cox DR, Oakes D. Analysis of survival data. London: Chapman & Hall, 1984.
22
Muhlestein JB ,Anderson JL ,Hammond EH , et al. Infection with Chlamydia pneumoniae accelerates the development of atherosclerosis and treatment with azithromycin prevents it in a rabbit model. Circulation 1998;97:633-636
Web of Science | Medline23
Mayr M ,Kiechl S ,Willeit J ,Wick G ,Xu Q . Infections, immunity, and atherosclerosis: associations of antibodies to Chlamydia pneumoniae, Helicobacter pylori, and cytomegalovirus with immune reactions to heat-shock protein 60 and carotid or femoral atherosclerosis. Circulation 2000;102:833-839
Web of Science | Medline24
Faure E ,Thomas L ,Xu H ,Medvedev A ,Equils O ,Arditi M . Bacterial lipopolysaccharide and INF-γ induced Toll-like receptor 2 and Toll-like receptor 4 expression in human endothelial cells: role of NF-κB activation. J Immunol 2001;166:2018-2024
Web of Science | Medline25
Xu XH ,Shah PK ,Faure E , et al. Toll-like receptor-4 is expressed by macrophages in murine and human lipid-rich atherosclerotic plaques and upregulated by oxidized LDL. Circulation 2001;104:3103-3108
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline26
Wiedermann CI ,Kiechl S ,Dunzendorfer S , et al. Association of endotoxemia with carotid atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease: prospective results from the Bruneck Study. J Am Coll Cardiol 1999;34:1975-1981
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline27
Takeuchi O ,Hoshino K ,Kawai T , et al. Differential roles of TLR2 and TLR4 in recognition of gram-negative and gram-positive bacterial cell wall components. Immunity 1999;11:443-451
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline28
Ozinsky A ,Underhill DM ,Fontenot JD , et al. The repertoire for pattern recognition of pathogens by the innate immune system is defined by cooperation between Toll-like receptors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2000;97:13766-13771
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline29
Kurt-Jones EA ,Popova L ,Kwinn L , et al. Pattern recognition receptors TLR4 and CD14 mediate response to respiratory syncytial virus. Nat Immunol 2000;1:398-401
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline30
Lorenz E ,Mira JP ,Frees KL ,Schwartz DA . Relevance of mutations in the TLR4 receptor in patients with gram-negative septic shock. Arch Intern Med 2002;162:1028-1032
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline31
Ridker PM ,Cushman M ,Stampfer MJ ,Tracy RP ,Hennekens CH . Inflammation, aspirin, and the risk of cardiovascular disease in apparently healthy men. N Engl J Med 1997;336:973-979[Erratum, N Engl J Med 1997;337:356.]
Full Text | Web of Science | Medline32
Ridker PM ,Rifai N ,Pfeffer M ,Sacks F ,Lepage S ,Braunwald E . Elevation of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and increased risk of recurrent coronary events after myocardial infarction. Circulation 2000;101:2149-2153
Web of Science | Medline33
Ridker PM ,Rifai N ,Stampfer MJ ,Hennekens CH . Plasma concentration of interleukin-6 and the risk of future myocardial infarction among apparently healthy men. Circulation 2000;101:1767-1772
Web of Science | Medline34
Liao W . Endotoxin: possible roles in initiation and development of atherosclerosis. J Lab Clin Med 1996;128:452-460
CrossRef | Medline35
Hubacek JA ,Rothe G ,Pit'ha J , et al. C(-260)→T polymorphism in the promoter of the CD14 monocyte receptor gene as a risk factor for myocardial infarction. Circulation 1999;99:3218-3220[Erratum, Circulation 1999;100:2550.]
Web of Science | Medline36
Unkelbach K ,Gardemann A ,Kostrzewa M ,Philipp M ,Tillmanns H ,Haberbosch W . A new promoter polymorphism in the gene of lipopolysaccharide receptor CD14 is associated with expired myocardial infarction in patients with low atherosclerotic risk profile. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 1999;19:932-938
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline37
Rauramaa R ,Vaisanen SB ,Luong LA , et al. Stromelysin-1 and interleukin-6 gene promoter polymorphisms are determinants of asymptomatic carotid artery atherosclerosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2000;20:2657-2662
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline38
Zheng F ,Chevalier JA ,Zhang LQ ,Virgil D ,Ye SQ ,Kwiterovich PO . An HphI polymorphism in the E-selectin gene is associated with premature coronary artery disease. Clin Genet 2001;59:58-64
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline39
Wright SD ,Burton C ,Hernandez M , et al. Infectious agents are not necessary for murine atherogenesis. J Exp Med 2000;191:1437-1442
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline
- Citing Articles (338)
Citing Articles
1
Mamoona Noreen, Muhammad Ali A. Shah, Sheeba Murad Mall, Shazia Choudhary, Tahir Hussain, Iltaf Ahmed, Syed Fazal Jalil, Muhammad Imran Raza. (2012) TLR4 polymorphisms and disease susceptibility. Inflammation Research
CrossRef2
Hak-Jae Kim, Sung Wook Kang, Joo-Ho Chung, Soo-Joong Kim, Bong-Keun Choe. (2011) Polymorphisms of the Interferon gamma gene and coronary artery disease in the Korean population. Molecular Biology Reports
CrossRef3
Roger Clemens. 2011. Human Intestinal Microbiome. , 303-314.
CrossRef4
C. Maldonado-Bernal, A. Trejo-de la O, M. E. Sánchez-Contreras, N. Wacher-Rodarte, J. Torres, M. Cruz. (2011) Low frequency of Toll-like receptors 2 and 4 gene polymorphisms in Mexican patients and their association with Type 2 diabetes. International Journal of Immunogenetics 38:6, 519-523
CrossRef5
Li Ping Chung, Grant W. Waterer. (2011) Genetic predisposition to respiratory infection and sepsis. Critical Reviews in Clinical Laboratory Sciences 48:5-6, 250-268
CrossRef6
Elisabeth A. Kastelijn, Coline H.M. van Moorsel, Henk J.T. Ruven, Jan-Willem J. Lammers, Jan C. Grutters. (2011) Genetic Polymorphisms and Bronchiolitis Obliterans Syndrome After Lung Transplantation: Promising Results and Recommendations for the Future. Transplantation1
CrossRef7
Priyanka Srivastava, Anugya Singh, Praveen Kesarwani, Praveen K. Jaiswal, Vibha Singh, Rama D. Mittal. (2011) Association studies of Toll-like receptor gene polymorphisms with allograft survival in renal transplant recipients of North India. Clinical Transplantationno-no
CrossRef8
Jose M. Ordovas-Montanes, Jose M. Ordovas. (2011) Cholesterol, Inflammasomes, and Atherogenesis. Current Cardiovascular Risk Reports
CrossRef9
Péter Reismann. (2011) A Toll-like receptor-4-polimorfizmus vizsgálata szubklinikus és krónikus gyulladással járó betegségekben. Orvosi Hetilap 152:46, 1855-1858
CrossRef10
Yuki Akamatsu, Toshiro Yamamoto, Kenta Yamamoto, Fumishige Oseko, Narisato Kanamura, Jiro Imanishi, Masakazu Kita. (2011) Porphyromonas gingivalis induces myocarditis and/or myocardial infarction in mice and IL-17A is involved in pathogenesis of these diseases. Archives of Oral Biology 56:11, 1290-1298
CrossRef11
O. E. Voronko, E. V. Dmitrieva-Zdorova, E. A. Latysheva, M. G. Aksenova, G. I. Storozhakov, N. V. Bodoev, A. I. Archakov. (2011) CARD15 and TLR4 polymorphisms in atopic bronchial asthma. Molecular Biology 45:5, 766-773
CrossRef12
Gabriella Leonarduzzi, Paola Gamba, Simona Gargiulo, Fiorella Biasi, Giuseppe Poli. (2011) Inflammation-related gene expression by lipid oxidation-derived products in the progression of atherosclerosis. Free Radical Biology and Medicine
CrossRef13
Marina Tilich, Rohit R Arora. (2011) Modulation of Toll-Like Receptors by Insulin. American Journal of Therapeutics 18:5, e130-e137
CrossRef14
Sushil K. Jain, Justin L. Rains. (2011) Toll-like receptor-4 and vascular inflammation in diabetes: Editorial. Cytokine 55:3, 446-447
CrossRef15
Yuanyuan Ji, Juntian Liu, Zhidong Wang, Zongfang Li. (2011) PPARγ agonist rosiglitazone ameliorates LPS-induced inflammation in vascular smooth muscle cells via the TLR4/TRIF/IRF3/IP-10 signaling pathway. Cytokine 55:3, 409-419
CrossRef16
Agostinho Carvalho, Cristina Cunha, Luigina Romani. (2011) Immunity and tolerance to infections in experimental hematopoietic transplantation. Best Practice & Research Clinical Haematology 24:3, 435-442
CrossRef17
L. Alvarez-Rodriguez, M. Lopez-Hoyos, I. Beares, P. Munoz Cacho, C. Mata, J. Calvo-Alen, A. Corrales, G. Tripathi, R. Blanco, M. Garcia-Unzueta, I. Villa, V. M. Martinez-Taboada. (2011) Lack of association between Toll-like receptor 4 gene polymorphisms and giant cell arteritis. Rheumatology 50:9, 1562-1568
CrossRef18
Enzo Bonora, Stefan Kiechl, Giacomo Zoppini, Giovanni Targher, James B. Meigs, Johann Willeit, Friedrich Oberhollenzer, Riccardo C. Bonadonna, Michele Muggeo. (2011) Impact of Reference Category and Number of Traits in the Cluster on Risk of Coronary Heart Disease in Metabolic Syndrome: Prospective Data from the Bruneck Study. Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders 9:4, 313-318
CrossRef19
Li ZHANG, Peng WANG, Sha-Li WEI, Chun-Jie LIU. (2011) Advances in relationship between gastric disease and polymorphisms in both helicobacter pylori virulence factors and host genetics. Hereditas (Beijing) 33:6, 558-566
CrossRef20
Brian Keogh, Andrew E. Parker. (2011) Toll-like receptors as targets for immune disorders. Trends in Pharmacological Sciences 32:7, 435-442
CrossRef21
Jesus G. Vallejo. (2011) Role of Toll-like receptors in cardiovascular diseases. Clinical Science 121:1, 1-10
CrossRef22
Suzette J. Bielinski, Jennifer L. Hall, James S. Pankow, Eric Boerwinkle, Nena Matijevic-Aleksic, Max He, Lloyd Chambless, Aaron R. Folsom. (2011) Genetic variants in TLR2 and TLR4 are associated with markers of monocyte activation: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities MRI Study. Human Genetics 129:6, 655-662
CrossRef23
V. I. Skvortsova, M. Kh. Shurdumova, E. V. Konstantinova. (2011) The Significance of Toll-Like Receptors in the Development of Ischemic Damage. Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology 41:5, 548-553
CrossRef24
Michael J Haas, Arshag D Mooradian. (2011) Inflammation, high-density lipoprotein and cardiovascular dysfunction. Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases 24:3, 265-272
CrossRef25
Louise S. Harrington, Martina H. Lundberg, Michael Waight, Adrian Rozario, Jane A. Mitchell. (2011) Reduced endothelial dependent vasodilation in vessels from TLR4−/− mice is associated with increased superoxide generation. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 408:4, 511-515
CrossRef26
Mark Tidswell, Steven P LaRosa. (2011) Toll-like receptor-4 antagonist eritoran tetrasodium for severe sepsis. Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy 9:5, 507-520
CrossRef27
Margaret M. DeAngelis, Alexandra C. Silveira, Elizabeth A. Carr, Ivana K. Kim. (2011) Genetics of Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Current Concepts, Future Directions. Seminars in Ophthalmology 26:3, 77-93
CrossRef28
Cristina Cunha, Fernando Rodrigues, Teresa Zelante, Franco Aversa, Luigina Romani, Agostinho Carvalho. (2011) Genetic susceptibility to aspergillosis in allogeneic stem-cell transplantation. Medical Mycology 49:S1, S137-S143
CrossRef29
O. Koren, A. Spor, J. Felin, F. Fak, J. Stombaugh, V. Tremaroli, C. J. Behre, R. Knight, B. Fagerberg, R. E. Ley, F. Backhed. (2011) Colloquium Paper: Human oral, gut, and plaque microbiota in patients with atherosclerosis. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 108:Supplement_1, 4592-4598
CrossRef30
Soheila Ajdary, Mir-Mostafa Ghamilouie, Mohammad-Hossein Alimohammadian, Farhad Riazi-Rad, Saeed-Reza Pakzad. (2011) Toll-like receptor 4 polymorphisms predispose to cutaneous leishmaniasis. Microbes and Infection 13:3, 226-231
CrossRef31
Tobias Eckle, Holger K. Eltzschig. (2011) Toll-like Receptor Signaling during Myocardial Ischemia. Anesthesiology 114:3, 490-492
CrossRef32
Si Ming Man, Nadeem O. Kaakoush, Hazel M. Mitchell. (2011) The role of bacteria and pattern-recognition receptors in Crohn's disease. Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology 8:3, 152-168
CrossRef33
Bingsheng Huang, Ying Chen, Qiang Xie, Guixiong Lin, Yuyan Wu, Yanlin Feng, Jingcao Li, Yufeng Zhuo, Peng Zhang. (2011) CagA-Positive Helicobacter pylori Strains Enhanced Coronary Atherosclerosis by Increasing Serum OxLDL and HsCRP in Patients with Coronary Heart Disease. Digestive Diseases and Sciences 56:1, 109-114
CrossRef34
D. Lievens, P. von Hundelshausen. (2011) Platelets in atherosclerosis. Thrombosis and Haemostasis 106:5, 827-838
CrossRef35
Harald Mangge, Florian Freytag, Gunter Almer, Daniel Weghuber, Carmen Bauer-Denk, Dietmar Fuchs. (2011) Serum Neopterin Is Not Increased in Obese Juveniles. Journal of Obesity 2011, 1-7
CrossRef36
Andra L Blomkalns, Lynn L Stoll, Wassim Shaheen, Sara A Romig-Martin, Eric W Dickson, Neal L Weintraub, Gerene M Denning. (2011) Low level bacterial endotoxin activates two distinct signaling pathways in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Journal of Inflammation 8:1, 4
CrossRef37
Christoph Bergmann, Hagen S Bachmann, Agnes Bankfalvi, Ramin Lotfi, Carolin Pütter, Clarissa A Wild, Patrick J Schuler, Jens Greve, Thomas K Hoffmann, Stephan Lang, André Scherag, Götz F Lehnerdt. (2011) Toll-like receptor 4 single-nucleotide polymorphisms Asp299Gly and Thr399Ile in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. Journal of Translational Medicine 9:1, 139
CrossRef38
Jing Xiong, Virginia M Miller, Yunman Li, Muthuvel Jayachandran. (2011) Microvesicles at the crossroads between infection and cardiovascular diseases. Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology1
CrossRef39
Bernd Krüger, Miriam C. Banas, Andreas Walberer, Carsten A. Böger, Stefan Farkas, Ute Hoffmann, Michael Fischereder, Bernhard Banas, Bernhard K. Krämer. (2010) A comprehensive genotype–phenotype interaction of different Toll-like receptor variations in a renal transplant cohort. Clinical Science 119:12, 535-544
CrossRef40
Hsin-Lei Huang, Ming-Fu Chiang, Chia-Wen Lin, Hsiao-Fung Pu. (2010) Lipopolysaccharide directly stimulates aldosterone production via toll-like receptor 2 and toll-like receptor 4 related PI3K/Akt pathway in rat adrenal zona glomerulosa cells. Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 111:4, 872-880
CrossRef41
Jennifer E Cole, Anuja T Mitra, Claudia Monaco. (2010) Treating atherosclerosis: the potential of Toll-like receptors as therapeutic targets. Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy 8:11, 1619-1635
CrossRef42
Muthuvel Jayachandran, Virginia M. Miller, Gregory J. Brunn, Whyte G. Owen. (2010) Platelet response as a sentinel marker of toll-like receptor 4 activation in mice. Thrombosis Research 126:5, 414-417
CrossRef43
C. Garcia, B. Feve, P. Ferré, S. Halimi, H. Baizri, L. Bordier, G. Guiu, O. Dupuy, B. Bauduceau, H. Mayaudon. (2010) Diabetes and inflammation: Fundamental aspects and clinical implications. Diabetes & Metabolism 36:5, 327-338
CrossRef44
Cristina Cunha, Luigina Romani, Agostinho Carvalho. (2010) Cracking the Toll-like receptor code in fungal infections. Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy 8:10, 1121-1137
CrossRef45
C. Hayashi, C.V. Gudino, F.C. Gibson III, C.A. Genco. (2010) REVIEW: Pathogen-induced inflammation at sites distant from oral infection: bacterial persistence and induction of cell-specific innate immune inflammatory pathways. Molecular Oral Microbiology 25:5, 305-316
CrossRef46
R. Caesar, F. Fåk, F. Bäckhed. (2010) Effects of gut microbiota on obesity and atherosclerosis via modulation of inflammation and lipid metabolism. Journal of Internal Medicine 268:4, 320-328
CrossRef47
Targher, Giovanni, Day, Christopher P., Bonora, Enzo, . (2010) Risk of Cardiovascular Disease in Patients with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. New England Journal of Medicine 363:14, 1341-1350
Full Text48
G. Wlasiuk, M. W. Nachman. (2010) Adaptation and Constraint at Toll-Like Receptors in Primates. Molecular Biology and Evolution 27:9, 2172-2186
CrossRef49
Elke Cario. (2010) Toll-like receptors in inflammatory bowel diseases: A decade later. Inflammatory Bowel Diseases 16:9, 1583-1597
CrossRef50
Marcel A.M. Beijk, S. Matthijs Boekholdt, Saskia Z.H. Rittersma, Douwe Pons, Aeilko H. Zwinderman, Pieter A.F. Doevendans, Rene A. Tio, Jan G.P. Tijssen, J. Wouter Jukema, Robbert J. de Winter. (2010) Toll-like receptor 4 gene polymorphisms show no association with the risk of clinical or angiographic restenosis after percutaneous coronary intervention. Pharmacogenetics and Genomics 20:9, 544-552
CrossRef51
Sebastian Schroecksnadel, Marcel Jenny, Katharina Kurz, Angela Klein, Maximilian Ledochowski, Florian Überall, Dietmar Fuchs. (2010) LPS-induced NF-κB expression in THP-1Blue cells correlates with neopterin production and activity of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 399:4, 642-646
CrossRef52
Thea Magrone, Emilio Jirillo. (2010) Polyphenols from red wine are potent modulators of innate and adaptive immune responsiveness. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 69:03, 279-285
CrossRef53
Todd W. Rice, Arthur P. Wheeler, Gordon R. Bernard, Jean-Louis Vincent, Derek C. Angus, Naoki Aikawa, Ignace Demeyer, Stephen Sainati, Nicholas Amlot, Charlie Cao, Masayuki Ii, Hideyasu Matsuda, Kouji Mouri, Jon Cohen. (2010) A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of TAK-242 for the treatment of severe sepsis*. Critical Care Medicine 38:8, 1685-1694
CrossRef54
Zeng Jie, Kong Hong, Tao Jianhong, Cheng Biao, Zhou Yongmei, Lai Jingchuan. (2010) Haplotype analysis of the CYP2J2 gene associated with myocardial infarction in a Chinese Han population. Cell Biochemistry and Function 28:6, 435-439
CrossRef55
Praveen Chansrichavala, Udom Chantharaksri, Piyamitr Sritara, Nathamon Ngaosuwankul, Sansanee C. Chaiyaroj. (2010) Atorvastatin affects TLR4 clustering via lipid raft modulation. International Immunopharmacology 10:8, 892-899
CrossRef56
Daniela Berg, Klaus Seppi, Inga Liepelt, Katherine Schweitzer, Frank Wollenweber, Björn Wolf, Ulrich Dillmann, Heike Stockner, Jana Godau, Stefan Kiechl, Alexandra Gaenslen, Johann Willeit, Adriana Di Santo, Walter Maetzler, Thomas Gasser, Werner Poewe, Stefanie Behnke. (2010) Enlarged hyperechogenic substantia nigra is related to motor performance and olfaction in the elderly. Movement Disorders 25:10, 1464-1469
CrossRef57
Pierre-Alexandre Krayenbuehl, Martin Hersberger, Kaspar Truninger, Beat Müllhaupt, Friedrich E. Maly, Mario Bargetzi, Georg Schulthess. (2010) Toll-like receptor 4 gene polymorphism modulates phenotypic expression in patients with hereditary hemochromatosis. European Journal of Gastroenterology & Hepatology 22:7, 835-841
CrossRef58
C. GUARNER-ARGENTE, E. SÁNCHEZ, S. VIDAL, E. ROMÁN, M. CONCEPCIÓN, M. POCA, D. SÁNCHEZ, C. JUÁREZ, G. SORIANO, C. GUARNER. (2010) Toll-like receptor 4 D299G polymorphism and the incidence of infections in cirrhotic patients. Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics 31:11, 1192-1199
CrossRef59
Elisabeth A. Kastelijn, Coline H.M. van Moorsel, Ger T. Rijkers, Henk J.T. Ruven, Vincent Karthaus, Johanna M. Kwakkel-van Erp, E.A. van de Graaf, Pieter Zanen, Diana A. van Kessel, Jan C. Grutters, Jules M.M. van den Bosch. (2010) Polymorphisms in innate immunity genes associated with development of bronchiolitis obliterans after lung transplantation. The Journal of Heart and Lung Transplantation 29:6, 665-671
CrossRef60
Rachel S. Agbeko, John W. Holloway, Meredith L. Allen, Shu Ye, Katy J. Fidler, John Pappachan, Allan Goldman, David Pontefract, John Deanfield, Nigel J. Klein, Mark J. Peters. (2010) Genetic polymorphisms in the endotoxin receptor may influence platelet count as part of the acute phase response in critically ill children. Intensive Care Medicine 36:6, 1023-1032
CrossRef61
Alberto Penas Steinhardt, Florencia Aranguren, Mariana L. Tellechea, Leonardo A. Gómez Rosso, Fernando D. Brites, Maria T. Martínez-Larrad, Manuel Serrano-Ríos, Gustavo D. Frechtel, Mariano J. Taverna. (2010) A functional nonsynonymous toll-like receptor 4 gene polymorphism is associated with metabolic syndrome, surrogates of insulin resistance, and syndromes of lipid accumulation. Metabolism 59:5, 711-717
CrossRef62
David Seo, Pascal Goldschidt-Clermont, Omaida Velazquez, Gary Beecham. (2010) Genomics of Premature Atherosclerotic Vascular Disease. Current Atherosclerosis Reports 12:3, 187-193
CrossRef63
Mei Yuan, Jian Xia, Lin Ma, Bo Xiao, Qidong Yang. (2010) Lack of the Toll-Like Receptor 4 Gene Polymorphisms Asp299Gly and Thr399ile in a Chinese Population. International Journal of Neuroscience 120:6, 415-420
CrossRef64
Maria L. Sales, Roberto Schreiber, Maria C.S. Ferreira-Sae, Maruska N. Fernandes, Cristiane Piveta, José A.A. Cipolli, Antônio Calixto, José R. Matos-Souza, Bruno Geloneze, Kleber G. Franchini, Wilson Nadruz. (2010) The functional Toll-like receptor 4 Asp299Gly polymorphism is associated with lower left ventricular mass in hypertensive women. Clinica Chimica Acta 411:9-10, 744-748
CrossRef65
F. Bäckhed. (2010) 99th Dahlem Conference on Infection, Inflammation and Chronic Inflammatory Disorders: The normal gut microbiota in health and disease. Clinical & Experimental Immunology 160:1, 80-84
CrossRef66
Linda May, David van Bodegom, Marijke Frölich, Lisette van Lieshout, P Eline Slagboom, Rudi GJ Westendorp, Maris Kuningas. (2010) Polymorphisms in TLR4 and TLR2 genes, cytokine production and survival in rural Ghana. European Journal of Human Genetics 18:4, 490-495
CrossRef67
Elizabeth J. Hennessy, Andrew E. Parker, Luke A. J. O'Neill. (2010) Targeting Toll-like receptors: emerging therapeutics?. Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 9:4, 293-307
CrossRef68
Wijnand K. den Dekker, Caroline Cheng, Gerard Pasterkamp, Hencricus J. Duckers. (2010) Toll like receptor 4 in atherosclerosis and plaque destabilization. Atherosclerosis 209:2, 314-320
CrossRef69
Nicolas W.J. Schröder, Ralf R. Schumann. 2010. Pattern Recognition. .
CrossRef70
Eileen McNeill, Keith M. Channon, David R. Greaves. (2010) Inflammatory cell recruitment in cardiovascular disease: murine models and potential clinical applications. Clinical Science 118:11, 641-655
CrossRef71
Bi-lian Yu, Shu-hui Wang, Dao-quan Peng, Shui-ping Zhao. (2010) HDL and immunomodulation: an emerging role of HDL against atherosclerosis. Immunology and Cell Biology 88:3, 285-290
CrossRef72
Kenneth R. Feingold, Mahmood R. Kazemi, Amy L. Magra, Carol M. McDonald, Lisa G. Chui, Judy K. Shigenaga, Sophie M. Patzek, Zoe W. Chan, Constantine Londos, Carl Grunfeld. (2010) ADRP/ADFP and Mal1 expression are increased in macrophages treated with TLR agonists. Atherosclerosis 209:1, 81-88
CrossRef73
Cameron R Stewart, Lynda M Stuart, Kim Wilkinson, Janine M van Gils, Jiusheng Deng, Annett Halle, Katey J Rayner, Laurent Boyer, Ruiqin Zhong, William A Frazier, Adam Lacy-Hulbert, Joseph El Khoury, Douglas T Golenbock, Kathryn J Moore. (2010) CD36 ligands promote sterile inflammation through assembly of a Toll-like receptor 4 and 6 heterodimer. Nature Immunology 11:2, 155-161
CrossRef74
Xuyang Feng, Yingmei Zhang, Ruifen Xu, Xin Xie, Ling Tao, Haokao Gao, Yan Gao, Zheng He, Haichang Wang. (2010) Lipopolysaccharide up-regulates the expression of Fcα/μ receptor and promotes the binding of oxidized low-density lipoprotein and its IgM antibody complex to activated human macrophages. Atherosclerosis 208:2, 396-405
CrossRef75
Daan Crommelin, Pieter Stolk, Luc Besançon, Vinod Shah, Kamal Midha, Hubert Leufkens. (2010) Pharmaceutical sciences in 2020. Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 9:2, 99-100
CrossRef76
Joo Y Lee, Ling Zhao, Daniel H Hwang. (2010) Modulation of pattern recognition receptor-mediated inflammation and risk of chronic diseases by dietary fatty acids. Nutrition Reviews 68:1, 38-61
CrossRef77
Erik Eckhardt. (2010) Metagenomics, Lipoproteins, and Cardiovascular Risk. Current Cardiovascular Risk Reports 4:1, 9-14
CrossRef78
Anna M. Lundberg, Göran K. Hansson. (2010) Innate immune signals in atherosclerosis. Clinical Immunology 134:1, 5-24
CrossRef79
Kenneth J. MUKAMAL, Jennifer K. PAI, Ellen S. O'MEARA, Russell P. TRACY, Bruce M. PSATY, Lewis H. KULLER, Anne B. NEWMAN, Sachin YENDE, Gary C. CURHAN, David S. SISCOVICK, Eric B. RIMM. (2010) CRP gene variation and risk of community-acquired pneumonia. Respirology 15:1, 160-164
CrossRef80
Nobuo Fuse. (2010) Genetic Bases for Glaucoma. The Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine 221:1, 1-10
CrossRef81
Godfrey E. Etokebe, Jelena Knežević, Branka Petričević, Jasminka Pavelić, Damir Vrbanec, Zlatko Dembić. (2009) Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Genes Encoding Toll-Like Receptor -2, -3, -4, and -9 in Case–Control Study with Breast Cancer. Genetic Testing and Molecular Biomarkers 13:6, 729-734
CrossRef82
Sucharit Bhakdi, Karl Lackner, Hans-Wilhelm Doerr. (2009) Possible hidden hazards of mass vaccination against new influenza A/H1N1: have the cardiovascular risks been adequately weighed?. Medical Microbiology and Immunology 198:4, 205-209
CrossRef83
Konstantinos K. Tsilidis, Kathy J. Helzlsouer, Michael W. Smith, Victoriya Grinberg, Judith Hoffman-Bolton, Sandra L. Clipp, Kala Visvanathan, Elizabeth A. Platz. (2009) Association of common polymorphisms in IL10, and in other genes related to inflammatory response and obesity with colorectal cancer. Cancer Causes & Control 20:9, 1739-1751
CrossRef84
Z. Tiszlavicz, F. Somogyvári, Á. K. Kocsis, Z. Szolnoki, L. K. Sztriha, Z. Kis, L. Vécsei, Y. Mándi. (2009) Relevance of the genetic polymorphism of NOD1 in Chlamydia pneumoniae seropositive stroke patients. European Journal of Neurology 16:11, 1224-1229
CrossRef85
Michael B Fessler, Lawrence L Rudel, J Mark Brown. (2009) Toll-like receptor signaling links dietary fatty acids to the metabolic syndrome. Current Opinion in Lipidology 20:5, 379-385
CrossRef86
Yonghong Li, Monica Chang, Olivia Abar, Veronica Garcia, Charles Rowland, Joseph Catanese, David Ross, Samuel Broder, Mitchell Shiffman, Ramsey Cheung, Teresa Wright, Scott L. Friedman, John Sninsky. (2009) Multiple variants in toll-like receptor 4 gene modulate risk of liver fibrosis in Caucasians with chronic hepatitis C infection. Journal of Hepatology 51:4, 750-757
CrossRef87
R.N. Webb, J.M. Cruse, R.E. Lewis. (2009) Decreased TLR4 gene expression in leukemic leukocyte populations. Experimental and Molecular Pathology 87:2, 117-126
CrossRef88
Yury I. Miller, Soo-Ho Choi, Longhou Fang, Richard Harkewicz. (2009) Toll-Like Receptor-4 and Lipoprotein Accumulation in Macrophages. Trends in Cardiovascular Medicine 19:7, 227-232
CrossRef89
Jon R. Ward, Sheila E. Francis, Luke Marsden, Tesha Suddason, Graham M. Lord, Steven K. Dower, David C. Crossman, Ian Sabroe. (2009) A central role for monocytes in Toll-like receptor-mediated activation of the vasculature. Immunology 128:1, 58-68
CrossRef90
Mensah Nana Yaa, Peterlongo Paolo, Steinherz Peter, Pamer G. Eric, Satagopan Jaya, Genovefa Anna Papanicolaou. (2009) Toll-Like Receptor 4 Polymorphisms and Risk of Gram-Negative Bacteremia after Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation. A Prospective Pilot Study. Biology of Blood and Marrow Transplantation 15:9, 1130-1133
CrossRef91
Antoine Tesniere, Guido Kroemer, Thomas Tursz, Laurence Zitvogel. (2009) Personalized immunotherapy: a siren myth?. Personalized Medicine 6:5, 469-473
CrossRef92
Young-Hwan Hwang, Han Ro, Inho Choi, Hyunsook Kim, Kook-Hwan Oh, Jong-Ik Hwang, Myoung Hee Park, Suhnggwon Kim, Jaeseok Yang, Curie Ahn. (2009) Impact of Polymorphisms of TLR4/CD14 and TLR3 on Acute Rejection in Kidney Transplantation. Transplantation 88:5, 699-705
CrossRef93
S.O. Byun, H. Zhou, J.G.H. Hickford. (2009) Development of a simple typing method for the ovine Toll-like receptor 4 gene. Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology 130:3-4, 272-274
CrossRef94
Atsushi Ishikado, Yoshihiko Nishio, Kazuko Yamane, Atsushi Mukose, Katsutaro Morino, Yoko Murakami, Osamu Sekine, Taketoshi Makino, Hiroshi Maegawa, Atsunori Kashiwagi. (2009) Soy phosphatidylcholine inhibited TLR4-mediated MCP-1 expression in vascular cells. Atherosclerosis 205:2, 404-412
CrossRef95
Georg Schett, Stefan Kiechl, Enzo Bonora, Jochen Zwerina, Agnes Mayr, Roland Axmann, Siegfried Weger, Friedrich Oberhollenzer, Rolando Lorenzini, Johann Willeit. (2009) Vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 as a predictor of severe osteoarthritis of the hip and knee joints. Arthritis & Rheumatism 60:8, 2381-2389
CrossRef96
Jun Wu, Xiao Yang, Yun-Fang Zhang, Shu-Feng Zhou, Rui Zhang, Xiu-Qing Dong, Jin-Jin Fan, Mei Liu, Xue-Qing Yu. (2009) Angiotensin II upregulates Toll-like receptor 4 and enhances lipopolysaccharide-induced CD40 expression in rat peritoneal mesothelial cells. Inflammation Research 58:8, 473-482
CrossRef97
Carmela Rita Balistreri, Giuseppina Colonna-Romano, Domenico Lio, Giuseppina Candore, Calogero Caruso. (2009) TLR4 Polymorphisms and Ageing: Implications for the Pathophysiology of Age-Related Diseases. Journal of Clinical Immunology 29:4, 406-415
CrossRef98
C. Murr, A. Meinitzer, T. Grammer, K. Schroecksnadel, B. O. Böhm, W. März, D. Fuchs. (2009) Association between Asymmetric Dimethylarginine and Neopterin in Patients with and without Angiographic Coronary Artery Disease. Scandinavian Journal of Immunology 70:1, 63-67
CrossRef99
Chien-Sung Tsai, Da-Liang Chen, Sing-Jong Lin, Jui-Chi Tsai, Tso-Chou Lin, Chih-Yuan Lin, Yung-Hsiang Chen, Go-Shine Huang, Hsiao-Ya Tsai, Feng-Yen Lin, Chi-Yuan Li. (2009) TNF-α INHIBITS TOLL-LIKE RECEPTOR 4 EXPRESSION ON MONOCYTIC CELLS VIA TRISTETRAPROLIN DURING CARDIOPULMONARY BYPASS. Shock 32:1, 40-48
CrossRef100
K. Poikonen, T. Lajunen, S. Silvennoinen-Kassinen, M. Leinonen, P. Saikku. (2009) Effects of CD14, TLR2, TLR4, LPB, and IL-6 Gene Polymorphisms on Chlamydia pneumoniae Growth in Human Macrophages In Vitro. Scandinavian Journal of Immunology 70:1, 34-39
CrossRef101
Stefan Kiechl, Terry Lee, Peter Santer, Graham Thompson, Sotirios Tsimikas, Georg Egger, David W. Holt, Johann Willeit, Qingbo Xu, Manuel Mayr. (2009) Asymmetric and symmetric dimethylarginines are of similar predictive value for cardiovascular risk in the general population. Atherosclerosis 205:1, 261-265
CrossRef102
Himadri Roy, Shalini Bhardwaj, Seppo Yla-Herttuala. (2009) Molecular genetics of atherosclerosis. Human Genetics 125:5-6, 467-491
CrossRef103
Adam G Testro, Kumar Visvanathan. (2009) Toll-like receptors and their role in gastrointestinal disease. Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology 24:6, 943-954
CrossRef104
Y. Horie, A. Meguro, M. Ota, N. Kitaichi, Y. Katsuyama, Y. Takemoto, K. Namba, K. Yoshida, Y. W. Song, K. S. Park, E. B. Lee, H. Inoko, N. Mizuki, S. Ohno. (2009) Association of TLR4 polymorphisms with Behcet's disease in a Korean population. Rheumatology 48:6, 638-642
CrossRef105
Göran K. Hansson, Jan Nilsson. (2009) Vaccination against atherosclerosis? Induction of atheroprotective immunity. Seminars in Immunopathology 31:1, 95-101
CrossRef106
Ming-Hsi Wang, Kathy J. Helzlsouer, Michael W. Smith, Judith A. Hoffman-Bolton, Sandra L. Clipp, Viktoriya Grinberg, Angelo M. De Marzo, William B. Isaacs, Charles G. Drake, Yin Yao Shugart, Elizabeth A. Platz. (2009) Association of IL10 and Other immune response- and obesity-related genes with prostate cancer in CLUE II. The Prostate 69:8, 874-885
CrossRef107
Ambikaipakan Senthilselvan, James A. Dosman, Liliane Chénard, Lauranell H. Burch, Bernardo Z. Predicala, Randine Sorowski, David Schneberger, Tom Hurst, Shelley Kirychuk, Volker Gerdts, Yvon Cormier, Donna C. Rennie, David A. Schwartz. (2009) Toll-like receptor 4 variants reduce airway response in human subjects at high endotoxin levels in a swine facility. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 123:5, 1034-1040.e2
CrossRef108
M. Prokopi, G. Pula, U. Mayr, C. Devue, J. Gallagher, Q. Xiao, C. M. Boulanger, N. Westwood, C. Urbich, J. Willeit, M. Steiner, J. Breuss, Q. Xu, S. Kiechl, M. Mayr. (2009) Proteomic analysis reveals presence of platelet microparticles in endothelial progenitor cell cultures. Blood
CrossRef109
B. Kruger, S. Krick, N. Dhillon, S. M. Lerner, S. Ames, J. S. Bromberg, M. Lin, L. Walsh, J. Vella, M. Fischereder, B. K. Kramer, R. B. Colvin, P. S. Heeger, B. T. Murphy, B. Schroppel. (2009) Donor Toll-like receptor 4 contributes to ischemia and reperfusion injury following human kidney transplantation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 106:9, 3390-3395
CrossRef110
Hirohide Uenishi, Hiroki Shinkai. (2009) Porcine Toll-like receptors: The front line of pathogen monitoring and possible implications for disease resistance. Developmental & Comparative Immunology 33:3, 353-361
CrossRef111
Joerg Faber, Nicole Henninger, Adam Finn, Werner Zenz, Fred Zepp, Markus Knuf. (2009) A toll-like receptor 4 variant is associated with fatal outcome in children with invasive meningococcal disease. Acta Paediatrica 98:3, 548-552
CrossRef112
Monika Buraczynska, Iwona Baranowicz-Gaszczyk, Jerzy Tarach, Andrzej Ksiazek. (2009) Toll-like receptor 4 gene polymorphism and early onset of diabetic retinopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes. Human Immunology 70:2, 121-124
CrossRef113
K. R. Coenen, M. L. Gruen, R. S. Lee-Young, M. J. Puglisi, D. H. Wasserman, A. H. Hasty. (2009) Impact of macrophage toll-like receptor 4 deficiency on macrophage infiltration into adipose tissue and the artery wall in mice. Diabetologia 52:2, 318-328
CrossRef114
J Schwaiger, S Kiechl, K Seppi, M Sawires, H Stockner, T Erlacher, ML Mairhofer, H Niederkofler, G Rungger, A Gasperi, W Poewe, J Willeit. (2009) Prevalence of primary headaches and cranial neuralgias in men and women aged 55-94 years (Bruneck Study). Cephalalgia 29:2, 179-187
CrossRef115
Christian Murr, Brigitte M. Winklhofer-Roob, Katharina Schroecksnadel, Michaela Maritschnegg, Harald Mangge, Bernhard O. Böhm, Bernhard R. Winkelmann, Winfried März, Dietmar Fuchs. (2009) Inverse association between serum concentrations of neopterin and antioxidants in patients with and without angiographic coronary artery disease. Atherosclerosis 202:2, 543-549
CrossRef116
Matthaios Speletas, Vassiliki Merentiti, Konstantinos Kostikas, Kyriaki Liadaki, Markos Minas, Konstantinos Gourgoulianis, Anastasios E. Germenis. (2009) Association of TLR4-T399I Polymorphism with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Smokers. Clinical and Developmental Immunology 2009, 1-6
CrossRef117
Byong Duk Ye, Suk-Kyun Yang, Kyuyoung Song, Dong-Hoon Yang, Soon Man Yoon, Kyung Jo Kim, Jeong-Sik Byeon, Seung-Jae Myung, Jin-Ho Kim. (2009) Association of Toll-Like Receptor Gene with Crohn's Disease in Koreans. The Korean Journal of Gastroenterology 54:6, 377
CrossRef118
Ryuichiro Fukushima, Hirofumi Soejima, Takashi Fukunaga, Masafumi Nakayama, Yoko Oe, Shuichi Oshima, Seigo Sugiyama, Hisao Ogawa. (2009) Expression Levels of Toll-Like Receptor Genes in Coronary Atherosclerotic Lesions of Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome or Stable Angina Pectoris. Circulation Journal 73:8, 1479-1484
CrossRef119
K. K. Berg, H. O. Madsen, P. Garred, R. Wiseth, S. Gunnes, V. Videm. (2009) The Additive Contribution from Inflammatory Genetic Markers on the Severity of Cardiovascular Disease. Scandinavian Journal of Immunology 69:1, 36-42
CrossRef120
Jun K. Lee, Daniel H. Hwang, Joo Y. Lee. (2009) Toll-like receptors in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases. Journal of Organ Dysfunction 5:2, 119-128
CrossRef121
James T. Handa. (2008) New Molecular Histopathologic Insights Into the Pathogenesis of Age-related Macular Degeneration. International Ophthalmology Clinics 47:1, 15-50
CrossRef122
Karen Geismar, Christian Enevold, Lars Korsbæk Sørensen, Finn Gyntelberg, Klaus Bendtzen, Bjarne Sigurd, Palle Holmstrup. (2008) Involvement of Interleukin-1 Genotypes in the Association of Coronary Heart Disease With Periodontitis. Journal of Periodontology 79:12, 2322-2330
CrossRef123
Robertina Giacconi, Calogero Caruso, Marco Malavolta, Domenico Lio, Carmela R. Balistreri, Letizia Scola, Giuseppina Candore, Elisa Muti, Eugenio Mocchegiani. (2008) Pro-inflammatory genetic background and zinc status in old atherosclerotic subjects. Ageing Research Reviews 7:4, 306-318
CrossRef124
Gökhan S. Hotamisligil, Ebru Erbay. (2008) Nutrient sensing and inflammation in metabolic diseases. Nature Reviews Immunology 8:12, 923-934
CrossRef125
Khaleque Newaz Khan, Michio Kitajima, Koichi Hiraki, Akira Fujishita, Ichiro Sekine, Tadayuki Ishimaru, Hideaki Masuzaki. (2008) REVIEW ARTICLE: Immunopathogenesis of Pelvic Endometriosis: Role of Hepatocyte Growth Factor, Macrophages and Ovarian Steroids. American Journal of Reproductive Immunology 60:5, 383-404
CrossRef126
Benjamin Erickson, Kirk Sperber, William H. Frishman. (2008) Toll-Like Receptors. Cardiology in Review 16:6, 273-279
CrossRef127
Sílvia Beleza Moura, Luciana Ramos Almeida, Juliana Becattini Guerra, Gifone Aguiar Rocha, Andreia Maria Camargos Rocha, Fabrício Freire Melo, Rodrigo Corrêa-Oliveira, Paulo Bittencourt, Simone Diniz Carvalho, Dulciene Maria Magalhães Queiroz. (2008) Toll-like receptor (TLR2, TLR4 and TLR5) gene polymorphisms and Helicobacter pylori infection in children with and without duodenal ulcer. Microbes and Infection 10:14-15, 1477-1483
CrossRef128
Claudio Blasi. (2008) The autoimmune origin of atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis 201:1, 17-32
CrossRef129
Athanasios Katsargyris, Chris Klonaris, Elias Bastounis, Stamatios Theocharis. (2008) Toll-like receptor modulation: A novel therapeutic strategy in cardiovascular disease?. Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets 12:11, 1329-1346
CrossRef130
Bochud, Pierre-Yves, Chien, Jason W., Marr, Kieren A., Leisenring, Wendy M., Upton, Arlo, Janer, Marta, Rodrigues, Stephanie D.Li, SarahHansen, John A., Zhao, Lue Ping, Aderem, Alan, Boeckh, Michael, . (2008) Toll-like Receptor 4 Polymorphisms and Aspergillosis in Stem-Cell Transplantation. New England Journal of Medicine 359:17, 1766-1777
Full Text131
Pamer, Eric G., . (2008) TLR Polymorphisms and the Risk of Invasive Fungal Infections. New England Journal of Medicine 359:17, 1836-1838
Full Text132
B Sun, M Karin. (2008) NF-κB signaling, liver disease and hepatoprotective agents. Oncogene 27:48, 6228-6244
CrossRef133
Péter Reismann, Károly Rácz, Zsolt Tulassay. (2008) A Toll-like receptor-4-génpolimorfizmusok, valamint lehetséges klinikai szerepük fertőzésekben és krónikus gyulladásos betegségekben. Orvosi Hetilap 149:38, 1791-1799
CrossRef134
Fabiana M. S. Leoratti, Lilian Farias, Fabiana P. Alves, Martha C. Suarez‐Mútis, José R. Coura, Jorge Kalil, Erney P. Camargo, Sandra L Moraes, Rajendranath Ramasawmy. (2008) Variants in the Toll‐Like Receptor Signaling Pathway and Clinical Outcomes of Malaria. The Journal of Infectious Diseases 198:5, 772-780
CrossRef135
G. Rey, F. Skowronek, J. Alciaturi, J. Alonso, B. Bertoni, R. Sapiro. (2008) Toll receptor 4 Asp299Gly polymorphism and its association with preterm birth and premature rupture of membranes in a South American population. Molecular Human Reproduction 14:9, 555-559
CrossRef136
Conrad P. Hodgkinson, Shu Ye. (2008) Statins inhibit toll-like receptor 4-mediated lipopolysaccharide signaling and cytokine expression. Pharmacogenetics and Genomics 18:9, 803-813
CrossRef137
S. F. Martin, J. C. Dudda, E. Bachtanian, A. Lembo, S. Liller, C. Durr, M. M. Heimesaat, S. Bereswill, G. Fejer, R. Vassileva, T. Jakob, N. Freudenberg, C. C. Termeer, C. Johner, C. Galanos, M. A. Freudenberg. (2008) Toll-like receptor and IL-12 signaling control susceptibility to contact hypersensitivity. Journal of Experimental Medicine 205:9, 2151-2162
CrossRef138
Ailsa Snaith, Emad M El-Omar. (2008) Helicobacter pylori : host genetics and disease outcomes. Expert Review of Gastroenterology & Hepatology 2:4, 577-585
CrossRef139
K. N. Khan, M. Kitajima, T. Imamura, K. Hiraki, A. Fujishita, I. Sekine, T. Ishimaru, H. Masuzaki. (2008) Toll-like receptor 4-mediated growth of endometriosis by human heat-shock protein 70. Human Reproduction 23:10, 2210-2219
CrossRef140
R.L. Tiwari, V. Singh, M.K. Barthwal. (2008) Macrophages: An elusive yet emerging therapeutic target of atherosclerosis. Medicinal Research Reviews 28:4, 483-544
CrossRef141
Shu Ye, Johann Willeit, Florian Kronenberg, Qingbo Xu, Stefan Kiechl. (2008) Association of Genetic Variation on Chromosome 9p21 With Susceptibility and Progression of Atherosclerosis. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 52:5, 378-384
CrossRef142
Laurence Zitvogel, Lionel Apetoh, François Ghiringhelli, Fabrice André, Antoine Tesniere, Guido Kroemer. (2008) The anticancer immune response: indispensable for therapeutic success?. Journal of Clinical Investigation 118:6, 1991-2001
CrossRef143
Olga I. Vitseva, Kahraman Tanriverdi, Tamara T. Tchkonia, James L. Kirkland, Marie E. McDonnell, Caroline M. Apovian, Jane Freedman, Noyan Gokce. (2008) Inducible Toll-like Receptor and NF-κB Regulatory Pathway Expression in Human Adipose Tissue. Obesity 16:5, 932-937
CrossRef144
A. Hamsten, P. Eriksson. (2008) Identifying the susceptibility genes for coronary artery disease: from hyperbole through doubt to cautious optimism. Journal of Internal Medicine 263:5, 538-552
CrossRef145
Jussi A. Hernesniemi, Olli T. Raitakari, Mika Kähönen, Markus Juonala, Nina Hutri-Kähönen, Jukka Marniemi, Jorma Viikari, Terho Lehtimäki. (2008) Toll-like receptor 4 gene (Asp299Gly) polymorphism associates with carotid artery elasticity. Atherosclerosis 198:1, 152-159
CrossRef146
L V Campbell. (2008) The thrifty gene hypothesis: maybe everyone is right?. International Journal of Obesity 32:4, 723-724
CrossRef147
P. Saas, C. Courivaud, J. Bamoulid, F. Garnache-Ottou, E. Seilles, D. Ducloux. (2008) Surveillance biologique des patients transplantés rénaux : vers une prévision des complications associées à l’immunosuppression ?. Annales Pharmaceutiques Françaises 66:2, 115-121
CrossRef148
A. Carvalho, A. C. Pasqualotto, L. Pitzurra, L. Romani, D. W. Denning, F. Rodrigues. (2008) Polymorphisms in Toll‐Like Receptor Genes and Susceptibility to Pulmonary Aspergillosis. The Journal of Infectious Diseases 197:4, 618-621
CrossRef149
Anna Benrick, Pernilla Jirholt, Ingrid Wernstedt, Maria Gustafsson, Juergen Scheller, Anna-Lena Eriksson, Jan Borén, Thomas Hedner, Claes Ohlsson, Torleif Härd, Stefan Rose-John, John-Olov Jansson. (2008) A non-conservative polymorphism in the IL-6 signal transducer (IL6ST)/gp130 is associated with myocardial infarction in a hypertensive population. Regulatory Peptides 146:1-3, 189-196
CrossRef150
Stavros Garantziotis, John W Hollingsworth, Aimee K. Zaas, David A. Schwartz. (2008) The Effect of Toll-Like Receptors and Toll-Like Receptor Genetics in Human Disease *. Annual Review of Medicine 59:1, 343-359
CrossRef151
Iona Cheng, John S Witte. (2008) The role of genetic variation in Toll-like receptor 4 in prostate cancer susceptibility: a review. Expert Opinion on Medical Diagnostics 2:2, 143-149
CrossRef152
José Pablo Werba, Fabrizio Veglia, Mauro Amato, Damiano Baldassarre, Paola Massironi, Pier Luigi Meroni, Piersandro Riboldi, Elena Tremoli, Marina Camera. (2008) Patients with a history of stable or unstable coronary heart disease have different acute phase responses to an inflammatory stimulus. Atherosclerosis 196:2, 835-840
CrossRef153
E M El-Omar, M T Ng, G L Hold. (2008) Polymorphisms in Toll-like receptor genes and risk of cancer. Oncogene 27:2, 244-252
CrossRef154
Attila MOLVAREC, Ágnes JERMENDY, Margit KOVÁCS, Zoltán PROHÁSZKA, János RIGÓ Jr.. (2008) Toll-Like Receptor 4 Gene Polymorphisms and Preeclampsia: Lack of Association in a Caucasian Population. Hypertension Research 31:5, 859-864
CrossRef155
I Sabroe, LC Parker, SK Dower, MKB Whyte. (2008) The role of TLR activation in inflammation. The Journal of Pathology 214:2, 126-135
CrossRef156
M. Speletas, K. Liadaki, F. Kalala, C. Daiou, E. Katodritou, E. Mandala, I. Korantzis, K. Ritis, E. Zintzaras, A.E. Germenis. (2008) TLR4 single nucleotide polymorphisms and thrombosis risk in patients with myeloproliferative disorders. Thrombosis Research 122:1, 27-32
CrossRef157
Xinyan Liu, Takashi Ukai, Hiromichi Yumoto, Michael Davey, Sulip Goswami, Frank C. Gibson, Caroline A. Genco. (2008) Toll-like receptor 2 plays a critical role in the progression of atherosclerosis that is independent of dietary lipids. Atherosclerosis 196:1, 146-154
CrossRef158
Manuel R. Amieva, Emad M. El–Omar. (2008) Host-Bacterial Interactions in Helicobacter pylori Infection. Gastroenterology 134:1, 306-323
CrossRef159
Naoko Okayama, Yutaka Suehiro, Koji Ueno, Shoichi Hazama, Masaaki Oka, Yuji Hinoda. (2008) Thr175Ala of Toll-like receptor-4 gene is a common non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphism in a Japanese population. Journal of Electrophoresis 52:2, 39-42
CrossRef160
Yeun Sun Kim, You Jin Hwang, Sung Yong Kim, Sun Mee Yang, Ki Young Lee, Ie Byung Park. (2008) Rarity of TLR4 Asp299Gly and Thr399Ile Polymorphisms in the Korean Population. Yonsei Medical Journal 49:1, 58
CrossRef161
Maureen McMahon, Bevra H Hahn. (2007) Atherosclerosis and systemic lupus erythematosus — mechanistic basis of the association. Current Opinion in Immunology 19:6, 633-639
CrossRef162
Li Gao, Yuhjung J Tsai, Dmitry N Grigoryev, Kathleen C Barnes. (2007) Host defense genes in asthma and sepsis and the role of the environment. Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology 7:6, 459-467
CrossRef163
Eva D. Papadimitraki, George K. Bertsias, Dimitrios T. Boumpas. (2007) Toll like receptors and autoimmunity: A critical appraisal. Journal of Autoimmunity 29:4, 310-318
CrossRef164
Rajagopal N. Aravalli, Phillip K. Peterson, James R. Lokensgard. (2007) Toll-like Receptors in Defense and Damage of the Central Nervous System. Journal of Neuroimmune Pharmacology 2:4, 297-312
CrossRef165
Gülnur Emingil, Afig Berdeli, Haluk Baylas, Buket Han Saygan, Ali Gürkan, Timur Köse, Gül Atilla. (2007) Toll-Like Receptor 2 and 4 Gene Polymorphisms in Generalized Aggressive Periodontitis. Journal of Periodontology 78:10, 1968-1977
CrossRef166
Lionel Apetoh, François Ghiringhelli, Antoine Tesniere, Michel Obeid, Carla Ortiz, Alfredo Criollo, Grégoire Mignot, M Chiara Maiuri, Evelyn Ullrich, Patrick Saulnier, Huan Yang, Sebastian Amigorena, Bernard Ryffel, Franck J Barrat, Paul Saftig, Francis Levi, Rosette Lidereau, Catherine Nogues, Jean-Paul Mira, Agnès Chompret, Virginie Joulin, Françoise Clavel-Chapelon, Jean Bourhis, Fabrice André, Suzette Delaloge, Thomas Tursz, Guido Kroemer, Laurence Zitvogel. (2007) Toll-like receptor 4–dependent contribution of the immune system to anticancer chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Nature Medicine 13:9, 1050-1059
CrossRef167
Zhong-qun Yan, Göran K. Hansson. (2007) Innate immunity, macrophage activation, and atherosclerosis. Immunological Reviews 219:1, 187-203
CrossRef168
Christine E. Becker, Luke A. J. O’Neill. (2007) Inflammasomes in inflammatory disorders: the role of TLRs and their interactions with NLRs. Seminars in Immunopathology 29:3, 239-248
CrossRef169
B. Ferwerda, M. B. B. McCall, S. Alonso, E. J. Giamarellos-Bourboulis, M. Mouktaroudi, N. Izagirre, D. Syafruddin, G. Kibiki, T. Cristea, A. Hijmans, L. Hamann, S. Israel, G. ElGhazali, M. Troye-Blomberg, O. Kumpf, B. Maiga, A. Dolo, O. Doumbo, C. C. Hermsen, A. F. H. Stalenhoef, R. van Crevel, H. G. Brunner, D.-Y. Oh, R. R. Schumann, C. de la Rua, R. Sauerwein, B.-J. Kullberg, A. J. A. M. van der Ven, J. W. M. van der Meer, M. G. Netea. (2007) From the Cover: TLR4 polymorphisms, infectious diseases, and evolutionary pressure during migration of modern humans. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 104:42, 16645-16650
CrossRef170
Hironori Tsujimoto, Satoshi Ono, Philip A. Efron, Philip O. Scumpia, Lyle L. Moldawer, Hidetaka Mochizuki. (2007) ROLE OF TOLL-LIKE RECEPTORS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF SEPSIS. Shock1
CrossRef171
Christian Murr, Heribert Talasz, Erika Artner-Dworzak, Katharina Schroecksnadel, Michael Fiegl, Dietmar Fuchs, Hubert A. Denz. (2007) Inverse association between serum selenium concentrations and parameters of immune activation in patients with cardiac disorders. Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine 45:9, 1224-1228
CrossRef172
Necil Kutukculer, Betül Sozeri Yeniay, Guzide Aksu, Afig Berdeli. (2007) Arg753Gln Polymorphism of the Human Toll-like Receptor-2 Gene in Children with Recurrent Febrile Infections. Biochemical Genetics 45:7-8, 507-514
CrossRef173
Hala Mahfouz Badran, Magdi Elsayed Mahfouz. (2007) Cytotoxin-associated gene-A bearing strains of Helicobacter pylori and atrial fibrillation due to ischemic origin: is there a link?. European Journal of Cardiovascular Prevention & Rehabilitation 14:4, 518-520
CrossRef174
Zhao-xia Duan, Pei-fang Zhu, Hong Dong, Wei Gu, Ce Yang, Qing Liu, Zheng-guo Wang, Jian-xin Jiang. (2007) FUNCTIONAL SIGNIFICANCE OF THE TLR4/11367 POLYMORPHISM IDENTIFIED IN CHINESE HAN POPULATION. Shock 28:2, 160-164
CrossRef175
Stefan Frantz, Georg Ertl, Johann Bauersachs. (2007) Mechanisms of Disease: Toll-like receptors in cardiovascular disease. Nature Clinical Practice Cardiovascular Medicine 4:8, 444-454
CrossRef176
Martha Triantafilou, Frederick G. J. Gamper, Philipp M. Lepper, Marios Angelos Mouratis, Christian Schumann, Evlambia Harokopakis, Robert E. Schifferle, George Hajishengallis, Kathy Triantafilou. (2007) Lipopolysaccharides from atherosclerosis-associated bacteria antagonize TLR4, induce formation of TLR2/1/CD36 complexes in lipid rafts and trigger TLR2-induced inflammatory responses in human vascular endothelial cells. Cellular Microbiology 9:8, 2030-2039
CrossRef177
Ulrich Broeckel, Christian Hengstenberg, Bjoern Mayer, Karen Maresso, Daniel Gaudet, Ondrej Seda, Johanne Tremblay, Stephan Holmer, Jeanette Erdmann, Christian Glöckner, Michael Harrison, Lisa J. Martin, Jeff T. Williams, Gerd Schmitz, Guenter A. J. Riegger, Howard J. Jacob, Pavel Hamet, Heribert Schunkert. (2007) A locus on chromosome 10 influences C-reactive protein levels in two independent populations. Human Genetics 122:1, 95-102
CrossRef178
Afig Berdeli, Gülnur Emingil, Buket Han Saygan, Ali Gürkan, Gül Atilla, Timur Köse, Haluk Baylas. (2007) TLR2 Arg753Gly, TLR4 Asp299Gly and Thr399Ile gene polymorphisms are not associated with chronic periodontitis in a Turkish population. Journal of Clinical Periodontology 34:7, 551-557
CrossRef179
Clett Erridge, David J. Webb, Corinne M. Spickett. (2007) Toll-like receptor 4 signalling is neither sufficient nor required for oxidised phospholipid mediated induction of interleukin-8 expression. Atherosclerosis 193:1, 77-85
CrossRef180
Eun-Suk Kang, Jisoo Lee. (2007) Genotypic analysis of Asp299Gly and Thr399Ile polymorphism of Toll-like receptor 4 in systemic autoimmune diseases of Korean population. Rheumatology International 27:9, 887-889
CrossRef181
Susan G. Lakoski, Liwu Li, Carl D. Langefeld, Yongmei Liu, Timothy D. Howard, K. Bridget Brosnihan, Jianfeng Xu, Donald W. Bowden, David M. Herrington. (2007) The association between innate immunity gene (IRAK1) and C-reactive protein in the Diabetes Heart Study. Experimental and Molecular Pathology 82:3, 280-283
CrossRef182
Susannah K. Leaver, Simon J. Finney, Anne Burke-Gaffney, Timothy W. Evans. (2007) Sepsis since the discovery of Toll-like receptors: Disease concepts and therapeutic opportunities. Critical Care Medicine 35:5, 1404-1410
CrossRef183
Jielin Sun, Aubrey Turner, Jianfeng Xu, Henrik Grönberg, William Isaacs. (2007) Genetic variability in inflammation pathways and prostate cancer risk. Urologic Oncology: Seminars and Original Investigations 25:3, 250-259
CrossRef184
Jacqueline Suk Danik, Paul M. Ridker. (2007) Genetic determinants of C-reactive protein. Current Atherosclerosis Reports 9:3, 195-203
CrossRef185
Jordi Pou, Alba Rebollo, Marta Alegret. (2007) El monocito/macrófago como diana terapéutica en la aterosclerosis. Clínica e Investigación en Arteriosclerosis 19:2, 92-108
CrossRef186
Georgina L. Hold, Charles S. Rabkin, Wong–Ho Chow, Malcolm G. Smith, Marilie D. Gammon, Harvey A. Risch, Thomas L. Vaughan, Kenneth E.L. McColl, Jolanta Lissowska, Witold Zatonski, Janet B. Schoenberg, William J. Blot, N. Ashley G. Mowat, Joseph F. Fraumeni, Emad M. El–Omar. (2007) A Functional Polymorphism of Toll-Like Receptor 4 Gene Increases Risk of Gastric Carcinoma and Its Precursors. Gastroenterology 132:3, 905-912
CrossRef187
Wendy E Walker, Daniel R Goldstein. (2007) Toll-like receptor pathways and innate responses to allografts. Current Opinion in Organ Transplantation 12:1, 5-9
CrossRef188
Jacqueline A. James, Kay V. Poulton, Simone E. Haworth, Debbie Payne, Ian J. McKay, Fiona M. Clarke, Francis J. Hughes, Gerard J. Linden. (2007) Polymorphisms of TLR4 but not CD14 are associated with a decreased risk of aggressive periodontitis. Journal of Clinical Periodontology 34:2,
CrossRef189
Pierre-Yves Bochud, Martin Hersberger, Patrick Taffé, Murielle Bochud, Catherine M Stein, Stephanie D Rodrigues, Thierry Calandra, Patrick Francioli, Amalio Telenti, Roberto F Speck, Alan Aderem. (2007) Polymorphisms in Toll-like receptor 9 influence the clinical course of HIV-1 infection. AIDS 21:4, 441-446
CrossRef190
Marc Ehlers, Jeffrey V. Ravetch. (2007) Opposing effects of Toll-like receptor stimulation induce autoimmunity or tolerance. Trends in Immunology 28:2, 74-79
CrossRef191
Florian M. Kovar, Claudia Marsik, Bernd Jilma, Christine Mannhalter, Peter Quehenberger, Silvia Handler, Oswald F. Wagner, Georg Endler. (2007) The fibrinogen −148 C/T polymorphism influences inflammatory response in experimental endotoxemia in vivo. Thrombosis Research 120:5, 727-731
CrossRef192
Hongli Li, Baogui Sun. (2007) Toll-like receptor 4 in atherosclerosis. Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine 11:1, 88-95
CrossRef193
Leen Moens, Jan Verhaegen, Marie Pierik, Severine Vermeire, Kris De Boeck, Willy E. Peetermans, Xavier Bossuyt. (2007) Toll-like receptor 2 and Toll-like receptor 4 polymorphisms in invasive pneumococcal disease. Microbes and Infection 9:1, 15-20
CrossRef194
Valentin Fuster, Javier Sanz. (2007) Vascular inflammation. Journal of the American Society of Hypertension 1:1, 68-81
CrossRef195
Tomoyuki Yasuda, Ken-ichi Hirata, Tatsuro Ishida, Yoko Kojima, Hanayo Tanaka, Takeaki Okada, Thomas Quertermous, Mitsuhiro Yokoyama. (2007) Endothelial Lipase is Increased by Inflammation and Promotes LDL Uptake in Macrophages. Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis 14:4, 192-201
CrossRef196
Christine De Staercke, Cathy Lally, Harland Austin, Carla Winston, Nicole Dowling, Byron Williams, W. Craig Hooper. (2007) The lack of association between four point mutations in the promoter region of the toll-like 4 receptor gene and myocardial infarction. Thrombosis Research 119:1, 105-110
CrossRef197
Alexander Niessner, Sabine Steiner, Walter S. Speidl, Johannes Pleiner, Daniela Seidinger, Gerald Maurer, Jörg J. Goronzy, Cornelia M. Weyand, Christoph W. Kopp, Kurt Huber, Michael Wolzt, Johann Wojta. (2006) Simvastatin suppresses endotoxin-induced upregulation of toll-like receptors 4 and 2 in vivo. Atherosclerosis 189:2, 408-413
CrossRef198
Daniel R. Goldstein. (2006) Toll like receptors and acute allograft rejection. Transplant Immunology 17:1, 11-15
CrossRef199
A Nieters, L Beckmann, E Deeg, N Becker. (2006) Gene polymorphisms in Toll-like receptors, interleukin-10, and interleukin-10 receptor alpha and lymphoma risk. Genes and Immunity 7:8, 615-624
CrossRef200
Rio Shiraki, Nobutaka Inoue, Seiichi Kobayashi, Junya Ejiri, Kazunori Otsui, Tomoyuki Honjo, Motonori Takahashi, Ken-ichi Hirata, Mitsuhiro Yokoyama, Seinosuke Kawashima. (2006) Toll-like receptor 4 expressions on peripheral blood monocytes were enhanced in coronary artery disease even in patients with low C-reactive protein. Life Sciences 80:1, 59-66
CrossRef201
Stefan Kiechl, Philipp Werner, Michael Knoflach, Martin Furtner, Johann Willeit, Georg Schett. (2006) The osteoprotegerin/RANK/RANKL system: a bone key to vascular disease. Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy 4:6, 801-811
CrossRef202
Ann Marshak-Rothstein. (2006) Toll-like receptors in systemic autoimmune disease. Nature Reviews Immunology 6:11, 823-835
CrossRef203
A. M. O'Halloran, A. Stanton, E. O'Brien, D. C. Shields. (2006) The Impact on Coronary Artery Disease of Common Polymorphisms Known to Modulate Responses to Pathogens. Annals of Human Genetics 70:6, 934-945
CrossRef204
Harry Björkbacka. (2006) Multiple roles of Toll-like receptor signaling in atherosclerosis. Current Opinion in Lipidology 17:5, 527-533
CrossRef205
Sachin Yende, Richard G Wunderink. (2006) Genetic polymorphisms that predict outcome and need for treatment in cardiovascular disease. Current Opinion in Critical Care 12:5, 420-425
CrossRef206
Piotr Kozlowski, David T. Miller, Robert Y. L. Zee, Jacqueline Suk Danik, Daniel I. Chasman, Ross Lazarus, Nancy R. Cook, Paul M. Ridker, David J. Kwiatkowski. (2006) Lack of Association Between Genetic Variation in 9 Innate Immunity Genes and Baseline CRP Levels. Annals of Human Genetics 70:5, 574-586
CrossRef207
S D Killeen, J H Wang, E J Andrews, H P Redmond. (2006) Exploitation of the Toll-like receptor system in cancer: a doubled-edged sword?. British Journal of Cancer 95:3, 247-252
CrossRef208
Gábor Földes, Stephan von Haehling, Stefan D Anker. (2006) Toll-like receptor modulation in cardiovascular disease: a target for intervention?. Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs 15:8, 857-871
CrossRef209
Wolfgang Lalouschek, Martin Schillinger, Kety Hsieh, Georg Endler, Stefan Greisenegger, Rodrig Marculescu, Wilfried Lang, Oswald Wagner, Suzanne Cheng, Christine Mannhalter. (2006) Polymorphisms of the inflammatory system and risk of ischemic cerebrovascular events. Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine 44:8, 918-923
CrossRef210
Tryfon Vainas, Frank R.M. Stassen, Cathrien A. Bruggeman, Rob J. Th. J. Welten, Luc H.J.M. van den Akker, Peter J.E.H.M. Kitslaar, Amado S. Peña, Servaas A. Morré. (2006) Synergistic effect of Toll-like receptor 4 and CD14 polymorphisms on the total atherosclerosis burden in patients with peripheral arterial disease. Journal of Vascular Surgery 44:2, 326-332
CrossRef211
N. E. El Mokhtari, S. J. Ott, A. Nebel, R. Simon, S. Schreiber. (2006) A functional variant in the CARD4 gene and risk of premature coronary heart disease. International Journal of Immunogenetics 33:4, 307-311
CrossRef212
Dianhua Jiang, Jiurong Liang, Yuhang Li, Paul W Noble. (2006) The role of Toll-like receptors in non-infectious lung injury. Cell Research 16:8, 693-701
CrossRef213
SAUMYA PANDEY, DEVENDRA K AGRAWAL. (2006) Immunobiology of Toll-like receptors: Emerging trends. Immunology and Cell Biology 84:4, 333-341
CrossRef214
Piotr Kozlowski, David T. Miller, Robert Y. L. Zee, Jacqueline Suk Danik, Daniel I. Chasman, Ross Lazarus, Nancy R. Cook, Paul M. Ridker, David J. Kwiatkowski. (2006) Lack of Association Between Genetic Variation in 9 Innate Immunity Genes and Baseline CRP Levels. Annals of Human Genetics 0:0, 060721082338045
CrossRef215
M-F Roy, L Larivière, R Wilkinson, M Tam, M M Stevenson, D Malo. (2006) Incremental expression of Tlr4 correlates with mouse resistance to Salmonella infection and fine regulation of relevant immune genes. Genes and Immunity 7:5, 372-383
CrossRef216
Nadege Goutagny, Katherine A Fitzgerald. (2006) Pattern recognition receptors: an update. Expert Review of Clinical Immunology 2:4, 569-583
CrossRef217
Stefan K Drexler, Sandra M Sacre, Brian M Foxwell. (2006) Toll-like receptors: a new target in rheumatoid arthritis?. Expert Review of Clinical Immunology 2:4, 585-599
CrossRef218
Sotirios Tsimikas, Stefan Kiechl, Johann Willeit, Manuel Mayr, Elizabeth R. Miller, Florian Kronenberg, Qingbo Xu, Claes Bergmark, Siegfried Weger, Friedrich Oberhollenzer, Joseph L. Witztum. (2006) Oxidized Phospholipids Predict the Presence and Progression of Carotid and Femoral Atherosclerosis and Symptomatic Cardiovascular Disease. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 47:11, 2219-2228
CrossRef219
Tobias Strunk, David Burgner. (2006) Genetic susceptibility to neonatal infection. Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases 19:3, 259-263
CrossRef220
A.H. Werners, S. Bull, J.C. Vendrig, T. Smyth, R.R. Bosch, J. Fink-Gremmels, C.E. Bryant. (2006) Genotyping of Toll-like receptor 4, myeloid differentiation factor 2 and CD-14 in the horse: An investigation into the influence of genetic polymorphisms on the LPS induced TNF-α response in equine whole blood. Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology 111:3-4, 165-173
CrossRef221
Manuel Mayr, Stefan Kiechl, Sotirios Tsimikas, Elizabeth Miller, Joanna Sheldon, Johann Willeit, Joseph L. Witztum, Qingbo Xu. (2006) Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein Autoantibodies, Chronic Infections, and Carotid Atherosclerosis in a Population-Based Study. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 47:12, 2436-2443
CrossRef222
Christopher N. Tymchuk, Jaana Hartiala, Pragna I. Patel, Margarete Mehrabian, Hooman Allayee. (2006) Nonconventional genetic risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Current Atherosclerosis Reports 8:3, 184-192
CrossRef223
Kathrin S Michelsen, Moshe Arditi. (2006) Toll-like receptor signaling and atherosclerosis. Current Opinion in Hematology 13:3, 163-168
CrossRef224
Gernot Rohde, Wolfram Klein, Umut Arinir, Michaela Hagedorn, Natascha Duerig, Torsten T. Bauer, Adrian Gillissen, Gerhard Schultze-Werninghaus, Jörg T. Epplen. (2006) Association of the ASP299GLY TLR4 polymorphism with COPD. Respiratory Medicine 100:5, 892-896
CrossRef225
Andreas Jung, Shizuo Akira. (2006) Toll-like receptors in antiviral immunity: more than just response. Future Virology 1:3, 313-316
CrossRef226
Henry Völzke, Rainer Rettig. (2006) Present status of outcome prediction of invasive coronary treatment by using genetic markers. Human Mutation 27:4, 307-322
CrossRef227
S. Pabst, G. Baumgarten, A. Stremmel, M. Lennarz, P. Knufermann, A. Gillissen, H. Vetter, C. Grohe. (2006) Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 polymorphisms are associated with a chronic course of sarcoidosis. Clinical and Experimental Immunology 143:3, 420-426
CrossRef228
Hugh Watkins, Martin Farrall. (2006) Genetic susceptibility to coronary artery disease: from promise to progress. Nature Reviews Genetics 7:3, 163-173
CrossRef229
C. Winkler, B. Wirleitner, K. Schroecksnadel, H. Schennach, D. Fuchs. (2006) Beer down-regulates activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells in vitro. International Immunopharmacology 6:3, 390-395
CrossRef230
Satoshi Uematsu, Shizuo Akira. (2006) The role of Toll-like receptors in immune disorders. Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy 6:3, 203-214
CrossRef231
Jose-Manuel Fernández-Real. (2006) Genetic Predispositions to Low-Grade Inflammation and Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics 8:1, 55-66
CrossRef232
H.-L. Geng, H.-Q. Lu, L.-Z. Zhang, H. Zhang, L. Zhou, H. Wang, R.-Q. Zhong. (2006) Increased expression of Toll like receptor 4 on peripheral-blood mononuclear cells in patients with coronary arteriosclerosis disease. Clinical and Experimental Immunology 143:2, 269-273
CrossRef233
Lutz Hamann, Christiane Glaeser, Axel Hamprecht, Michael Gross, Abuzeid Gomma, Ralf R. Schumann. (2006) Toll-like receptor (TLR)-9 promotor polymorphisms and atherosclerosis. Clinica Chimica Acta 364:1-2, 303-307
CrossRef234
Michael Karin, Toby Lawrence, Victor Nizet. (2006) Innate Immunity Gone Awry: Linking Microbial Infections to Chronic Inflammation and Cancer. Cell 124:4, 823-835
CrossRef235
Jagdeep Obhrai, Daniel R. Goldstein. (2006) The Role of Toll-like Receptors in Solid Organ Transplantation. Transplantation 81:4, 497-502
CrossRef236
Kai Zacharowski, Paula A. Zacharowski. (2006) Toll: Another piece to the puzzle of understanding neutrophil migration impairment in polymicrobial sepsis*. Critical Care Medicine 34:2, 567-569
CrossRef237
Ahmet H. Elmaagacli, Michael Koldehoff, Heidrun Hindahl, Nina K. Steckel, Rudolf Trenschel, Rudolf Peceny, Hellmut Ottinger, Peter-Michael Rath, Rudolf Stefan Ross, Michael Roggendorf, Hans Grosse-Wilde, Dietrich W. Beelen. (2006) Mutations in Innate Immune System NOD2/CARD 15 and TLR-4 (Thr399Ile) Genes Influence the Risk for Severe Acute Graft-versus-Host Disease in Patients Who Underwent an Allogeneic Transplantation. Transplantation 81:2, 247-254
CrossRef238
Emad M. El-Omar. (2006) Role of host genes in sporadic gastric cancer. Best Practice & Research Clinical Gastroenterology 20:4, 675-686
CrossRef239
QIUSHA GUO, JIANBO ZHU, BING XIA. (2006) Polymorphism of CD14 gene but not the mutation of TLR4 gene is associated with colorectal cancer in Chinese patients. Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology 21:1, 92-97
CrossRef240
Gregory J. Brunn, Jeffrey L. Platt. (2006) The etiology of sepsis: turned inside out. Trends in Molecular Medicine 12:1, 10-16
CrossRef241
Piercarlo Minoretti, Carmine Gazzaruso, Clara Di Vito, Enzo Emanuele, Marika Bianchi, Enrico Coen, Marta Reino, Diego Geroldi. (2006) Effect of the functional toll-like receptor 4 Asp299Gly polymorphism on susceptibility to late-onset Alzheimer's disease. Neuroscience Letters 391:3, 147-149
CrossRef242
Gregor K Wenning, Stefan Kiechl, Klaus Seppi, Joerg Müller, Birgit Högl, Michael Saletu, Gregor Rungger, Arno Gasperi, Johann Willeit, Werner Poewe. (2005) Prevalence of movement disorders in men and women aged 50–89 years (Bruneck Study cohort): a population-based study. The Lancet Neurology 4:12, 815-820
CrossRef243
C. Sackesen, C. Karaaslan, O. Keskin, N. Tokol, F. Tahan, E. Civelek, O. U. Soyer, G. Adalioglu, A. Tuncer, E. Birben, C. Oner, O. Kalayci. (2005) The effect of polymorphisms at the CD14 promoter and the TLR4 gene on asthma phenotypes in Turkish children with asthma. Allergy 60:12, 1485-1492
CrossRef244
A. M. Sutherland, D. N. Cook. (2005) Polymorphisms of the Toll-Like Receptors and Human Disease. Clinical Infectious Diseases 41:Supplement 7, S403-S407
CrossRef245
I. Sabroe, S. K. Dower, M. K. B. Whyte. (2005) The Role of Toll-Like Receptors in the Regulation of Neutrophil Migration, Activation, and Apoptosis. Clinical Infectious Diseases 41:Supplement 7, S421-S426
CrossRef246
Yury I Miller. (2005) Toll-like receptors and atherosclerosis: oxidized LDL as an endogenous Toll-like receptor ligand. Future Cardiology 1:6, 785-792
CrossRef247
Geoffrey S. Ginsburg, Mark P. Donahue, L. Kristin Newby. (2005) Prospects for Personalized Cardiovascular Medicine. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 46:9, 1615-1627
CrossRef248
Norbert Leitinger. (2005) Oxidized phospholipids as triggers of inflammation in atherosclerosis. Molecular Nutrition & Food Research 49:11, 1063-1071
CrossRef249
Pål Aukrust, Arne Yndestad, Torgun Wæhre, Lars Gullestad, Bente Halvorsen, Jan Kristian Damås. (2005) Inflammation in coronary artery disease: potential role for immunomodulatory therapy. Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy 3:6, 1111-1124
CrossRef250
Daniel R. Goldstein, Scott M. Palmer. (2005) Role of Toll-Like Receptor–Driven Innate Immunity in Thoracic Organ Transplantation. The Journal of Heart and Lung Transplantation 24:11, 1721-1729
CrossRef251
Christian Murr, Katharina Schroecksnadel, Diether Schönitzer, Dietmar Fuchs, Harald Schennach. (2005) Neopterin concentrations in blood donors differ between AB0 blood group phenotypes. Clinical Biochemistry 38:10, 916-919
CrossRef252
A. Mangas Rojas, R. Toro Cebada, M.J. Santi Cano, A. Barba Chacón. (2005) Arteriosclerosis. Patogenia de la arteriosclerosis. Mecanismos celulares y moleculares implicados en la aterogénesis. Medicine - Programa de Formación Médica Continuada Acreditado 9:38, 2495-2505
CrossRef253
David W Zaas, Scott M Palmer. (2005) The role of the innate immune system in lung allograft rejection. Current Opinion in Organ Transplantation 10:3, 221-226
CrossRef254
Kazunori Shimada, Hiroyuki Daida, Wei Ma-Krupa, Jörg J Goronzy, Cornelia M Weyand. (2005) Lipopolysaccharide, CD14 and Toll-like receptors: an emerging link between innate immunity and atherosclerotic disease. Future Cardiology 1:5, 657-674
CrossRef255
A. Kroner, F. Vogel, A. Kolb-Mäurer, N. Kruse, K.V. Toyka, B. Hemmer, P. Rieckmann, M. Mäurer. (2005) Impact of the Asp299Gly polymorphism in the toll-like receptor 4 (tlr-4) gene on disease course of multiple sclerosis. Journal of Neuroimmunology 165:1-2, 161-165
CrossRef256
Gena M. Cobrin, Maria T. Abreu. (2005) Defects in mucosal immunity leading to Crohn's disease. Immunological Reviews 206:1, 277-295
CrossRef257
Afig Berdeli, Handan Ak Celik, Ruhi Özyürek, Buket Dogrusoz, Hikmet Hakan Aydin. (2005) TLR-2 gene Arg753Gln polymorphism is strongly associated with acute rheumatic fever in children. Journal of Molecular Medicine 83:7, 535-541
CrossRef258
G. D. NORATA, K. GARLASCHELLI, M. ONGARI, S. RASELLI, L. GRIGORE, F. BENVENUTO, F. M. MAGGI, A. L. CATAPANO. (2005) Effect of the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) variants on intima-media thickness and monocyte-derived macrophage response to LPS. Journal of Internal Medicine 258:1, 21-27
CrossRef259
Stephan Brand, Astrid Konrad, Alexander Crispin, Burkhard Göke, Peter Lohse, Thomas Ochsenkühn. (2005) The role of toll-like receptor 4 Asp299Gly and Thr399Ile polymorphisms and CARD15/NOD2 mutations in the susceptibility and phenotype of Crohn's disease. Inflammatory Bowel Diseases 11:7, 645-652
CrossRef260
Lutz Hamann, Abuzeid Gomma, Nicolas W. J. Schröder, Cordula Stamme, Christiane Glaeser, Susanne Schulz, Michael Gross, Stefan D. Anker, Kim Fox, Ralf R. Schumann. (2005) A frequent toll-like receptor (TLR)-2 polymorphism is a risk factor for coronary restenosis. Journal of Molecular Medicine 83:6, 478-485
CrossRef261
Yi-Chun Lin, Ying-Ming Chang, Jia-Ming Yu, Jeng-Hsien Yen, Jan-Gowth Chang, Chaur-Jong Hu. (2005) Toll-like receptor 4 gene C119A but not Asp299Gly polymorphism is associated with ischemic stroke among ethnic Chinese in Taiwan. Atherosclerosis 180:2, 305-309
CrossRef262
Foo Y. Liew, Damo Xu, Elizabeth K. Brint, Luke A. J. O'Neill. (2005) Negative regulation of Toll-like receptor-mediated immune responses. Nature Reviews Immunology 5:6, 446-458
CrossRef263
Chantal van der Graaf, Bart Jan Kullberg, Leo Joosten, Trees Verver-Jansen, Liesbeth Jacobs, Jos W.M. Van der Meer, Mihai G. Netea. (2005) Functional consequences of the Asp299Gly Toll-like receptor-4 polymorphism. Cytokine 30:5, 264-268
CrossRef264
Didier Ducloux, Marina Deschamps, Maria Yannaraki, Christophe Ferrand, Jamal Bamoulid, Philippe Saas, Amir Kazory, Jean-Marc Chalopin, Pierre Tiberghien. (2005) Relevance of Toll-like receptor-4 polymorphisms in renal transplantation. Kidney International 67:6, 2454-2461
CrossRef265
P. A. Hopkins, S. Sriskandan. (2005) Mammalian Toll-like receptors: to immunity and beyond. Clinical and Experimental Immunology 140:3, 395-407
CrossRef266
François Cambien. (2005) Coronary heart disease and polymorphisms in genes affecting lipid metabolism and inflammation. Current Atherosclerosis Reports 7:3, 188-195
CrossRef267
Madhumathi Rao, Bertrand L. Jaber, Vaidyanathapuram S. Balakrishnan, . (2005) Genetics in Dialysis
Series Editors: Bertrand L. Jaber and Vaidyanathapuram S. Balakrishnan: Gene Polymorphism Association Studies in Dialysis: Cardiovascular Disease. Seminars in Dialysis 18:3, 217-225
CrossRef268
T. Honda, T. Oda, H. Yoshie, K. Yamazaki. (2005) Effects of Porphyromonas gingivalis antigens and proinflammatory cytokines on human coronary artery endothelial cells. Oral Microbiology and Immunology 20:2, 82-88
CrossRef269
Ian R. Rifkin, Elizabeth A. Leadbetter, Liliana Busconi, Gregory Viglianti, Ann Marshak-Rothstein. (2005) Toll-like receptors, endogenous ligands, and systemic autoimmune disease. Immunological Reviews 204:1, 27-42
CrossRef270
Brenda K. Weis, David Balshaw, John R. Barr, David Brown, Mark Ellisman, Paul Lioy, Gilbert Omenn, John D. Potter, Martyn T. Smith, Lydia Sohn, William A. Suk, Susan Sumner, James Swenberg, David R. Walt, Simon Watkins, Claudia Thompson, Samuel H. Wilson. (2005) Personalized Exposure Assessment: Promising Approaches for Human Environmental Health Research. Environmental Health Perspectives 113:7, 840-848
CrossRef271
Xin Wang, Neil Athayde, Brian Trudinger. (2005) Placental vascular disease and toll-like receptor 4 gene expression. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 192:3, 961-966
CrossRef272
Grant W. Waterer, Richard G. Wunderink. (2005) Genetic Susceptibility to Pneumonia. Clinics in Chest Medicine 26:1, 29-38
CrossRef273
Nicolas WJ Schröder, Ralf R Schumann. (2005) Single nucleotide polymorphisms of Toll-like receptors and susceptibility to infectious disease. The Lancet Infectious Diseases 5:3, 156-164
CrossRef274
Walter G. Land. (2005) The Role of Postischemic Reperfusion Injury and Other Nonantigen-Dependent Inflammatory Pathways in Transplantation. Transplantation 79:5, 505-514
CrossRef275
Jordan S. Orange, Ofer Levy, Raif S. Geha. (2005) Human disease resulting from gene mutations that interfere with appropriate nuclear factor-kappaB activation. Immunological Reviews 203:1, 21-37
CrossRef276
Kazuhiro Ashida, Koji Miyazaki, Eiji Takayama, Hironori Tsujimoto, Makoto Ayaori, Tadayuki Yakushiji, Noriyuki Iwamoto, Astushi Yonemura, Kikuo Isoda, Hidetaka Mochizuki, Hoshio Hiraide, Masatoshi Kusuhara, Fumitaka Ohsuzu. (2005) Characterization of the Expression of TLR2 (Toll-like Receptor 2) and TLR4 on Circulating Monocytes in Coronary Artery Disease. Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis 12:1, 53-60
CrossRef277
Stephan Hellmig, Wolfgang Fischbach, Maria-Elisabeth Goebeler-Kolve, Ulrich Robert Fölsch, Jochen Hampe, Stefan Schreiber. (2005) Association study of a functional Toll-like receptor 4 polymorphism with susceptibility to gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma. Leukemia & Lymphoma 46:6, 869-872
CrossRef278
Samuel I. Miller, Robert K. Ernst, Martin W. Bader. (2005) LPS, TLR4 and infectious disease diversity. Nature Reviews Microbiology 3:1, 36-46
CrossRef279
John W. Holloway, Ian A. Yang, Shu Ye. (2005) Variation in the toll-like receptor 4 gene and susceptibility to myocardial infarction. Pharmacogenetics and Genomics 15:1, 15-21
CrossRef280
Evangelos Andreakos, Brian Foxwell, Marc Feldmann. (2004) Is targeting Toll-like receptors and their signaling pathway a useful therapeutic approach to modulating cytokine-driven inflammation?. Immunological Reviews 202:1, 250-265
CrossRef281
Richard G. Wunderink, Grant W. Waterer. (2004) Community-acquired pneumonia: pathophysiology and host factors with focus on possible new approaches to management of lower respiratory tract infections. Infectious Disease Clinics of North America 18:4, 743-759
CrossRef282
Ralf R. Schumann. (2004) Host cell–pathogen interface: molecular mechanisms and genetics. Vaccine 22, S21-S24
CrossRef283
Ron Korstanje, Per Eriksson, Ann Samnegård, Per G. Olsson, Kristina Forsman-Semb, Saunak Sen, Gary A. Churchill, Jarod Rollins, Stephen Harris, Anders Hamsten, Beverly Paigen. (2004) Locating Ath8, a locus for murine atherosclerosis susceptibility and testing several of its candidate genes in mice and humans. Atherosclerosis 177:2, 443-450
CrossRef284
Heiko Methe, Edgar Zimmer, Cornelia Grimm, Michael Nabauer, Joerg Koglin. (2004) Evidence for a Role of Toll-Like Receptor 4 in Development of Chronic Allograft Rejection after Cardiac Transplantation. Transplantation 78:9, 1324-1331
CrossRef285
Jaya Talreja, Mohammad H. Kabir, Michael B. Filla, Daniel J. Stechschulte, Kottarappat N. Dileepan. (2004) Histamine induces Toll-like receptor 2 and 4 expression in endothelial cells and enhances sensitivity to Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial cell wall components. Immunology 113:2, 224-233
CrossRef286
Donald N Cook, David S Pisetsky, David A Schwartz. (2004) Toll-like receptors in the pathogenesis of human disease. Nature Immunology 5:10, 975-979
CrossRef287
James F. Meschia, Bradford B. Worrall. (2004) New advances in identifying genetic anomalies in stroke-prone probands. Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports 4:5, 420-426
CrossRef288
Aryan Vink, Dominique PV de Kleijn, Gerard Pasterkamp. (2004) Functional role for toll-like receptors in atherosclerosis and arterial remodeling. Current Opinion in Lipidology 15:5, 515-521
CrossRef289
Aldons J. Lusis, Rebecca Mar, Päivi Pajukanta. (2004) GENETICS OF ATHEROSCLEROSIS. Annual Review of Genomics and Human Genetics 5:1, 189-218
CrossRef290
Scott M Palmer, David A Schwartz. (2004) Role of the innate immune system in mediating lung allograft rejection. Current Opinion in Organ Transplantation 9:3, 320-324
CrossRef291
R. Badolato, S. Fontana, L. Barcella, D. Moratto, C. D'ippolito, S. Crovella, L. D. Notarangelo, M. Duse. (2004) Toll-like receptor-4 genotype in children with respiratory infections. Allergy 59:9, 1018-1019
CrossRef292
Helga-Paula Török, Jürgen Glas, Laurian Tonenchi, Thomas Mussack, Christian Folwaczny. (2004) Polymorphisms of the lipopolysaccharide-signaling complex in inflammatory bowel disease: association of a mutation in the Toll-like receptor 4 gene with ulcerative colitis. Clinical Immunology 112:1, 85-91
CrossRef293
Bas B van Rijn, Mark Roest, Arie Franx, Hein W Bruinse, Hieronymus A.M Voorbij. (2004) Single step high-throughput determination of Toll-like receptor 4 polymorphisms. Journal of Immunological Methods 289:1-2, 81-87
CrossRef294
G. Pasterkamp, J. K. van Keulen, D. P. V. de Kleijn. (2004) Role of Toll-like receptor 4 in the initiation and progression of atherosclerotic disease. European Journal of Clinical Investigation 34:5, 328-334
CrossRef295
Richard G. Wunderink, Grant W. Waterer. (2004) Genetic Effects on Sepsis and Pneumonia. Clinical Pulmonary Medicine 11:3, 143-153
CrossRef296
Karin Geleijns, Bart C Jacobs, Wouter Van Rijs, Anne P Tio-Gillen, Jon D Laman, Pieter A van Doorn. (2004) Functional polymorphisms in LPS receptors CD14 and TLR4 are not associated with disease susceptibility or Campylobacter jejuni infection in Guillain–Barré patients. Journal of Neuroimmunology 150:1-2, 132-138
CrossRef297
Marion Haubitz, Katrin Votsch, Alexander Woywodt, Björn Nashan, Annemarie Groh, Herrmann Haller, Reinhard Brunkhorst. (2004) SEROLOGIC EVIDENCE OF CHLAMYDIA PNEUMONIAE INFECTION AS A LONG-TERM PREDICTOR OF CARDIOVASCULAR DEATH IN RENAL TRANSPLANT RECIPIENTS. Transplantation 77:10, 1517-1521
CrossRef298
Georg Wick, Michael Knoflach, Qingbo Xu. (2004) Autoimmune and Inflammatory Mechanisms in Atherosclerosis. Annual Review of Immunology 22:1, 361-403
CrossRef299
Pål Aukrust, Arne Yndestad, Jan Kristian Damås, Lars Gullestad. (2004) Inflammation and chronic heart failure–potential therapeutic role of intravenous immunoglobulin. Autoimmunity Reviews 3:3, 221-227
CrossRef300
Lorrie Tiberio, Leah Fletcher, John H Eldridge, David D Duncan. (2004) Host factors impacting the innate response in humans to the candidate adjuvants RC529 and monophosphoryl lipid A. Vaccine 22:11-12, 1515-1523
CrossRef301
M. G. Netea, A. Hijmans, S. van Wissen, T. J. Smilde, M. D. Trip, B. J. Kullberg, T. de Boo, J. W. M. Van der Meer, J. J. P. Kastelein, A. F. H. Stalenhorf. (2004) Toll-like receptor-4 Asp299Gly polymorphism does not influence progression of atherosclerosis in patients with familial hypercholesterolaemia. European Journal of Clinical Investigation 34:2, 94-99
CrossRef302
Lutz Hamann, Axel Hamprecht, Abuzeid Gomma, Ralf R Schumann. (2004) Rapid and inexpensive real-time PCR for genotyping functional polymorphisms within the Toll-like receptor -2, -4, and -9 genes. Journal of Immunological Methods 285:2, 281-291
CrossRef303
Kensuke Miyake. (2004) Endotoxin recognition molecules, Toll-like receptor 4-MD-2. Seminars in Immunology 16:1, 11-16
CrossRef304
E. Noguchi, F. Nishimura, H. Fukai, J. Kim, K. Ichikawa, M. Shibasaki, T. Arinami. (2004) An association study of asthma and total serum immunoglobin E levels for Toll-like receptor polymorphisms in a Japanese population. Clinical <html_ent glyph="@amp;" ascii="&"/> Experimental Allergy 34:2, 177-183
CrossRef305
I. A. Yang, S. T. Holgate, J. W. Holloway. (2004) Toll-like receptor polymorphisms and allergic disease: interpreting the evidence from genetic studies. Clinical <html_ent glyph="@amp;" ascii="&"/> Experimental Allergy 34:2, 163-166
CrossRef306
Alan Aderem, Kelly D Smith. (2004) A systems approach to dissecting immunity and inflammation. Seminars in Immunology 16:1, 55-67
CrossRef307
M. FOLWACZNY, J. GLAS, H.-P. TOROK, O. LIMBERSKY, C. FOLWACZNY. (2004) Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 and 4 mutations in periodontal disease. Clinical and Experimental Immunology 135:2, 330-335
CrossRef308
Dwyer, James H., Allayee, Hooman, Dwyer, Kathleen M., Fan, Jing, Wu, Huiyun, Mar, Rebecca, Lusis, Aldons J., Mehrabian, Margarete, . (2004) Arachidonate 5-Lipoxygenase Promoter Genotype, Dietary Arachidonic Acid, and Atherosclerosis. New England Journal of Medicine 350:1, 29-37
Full Text309
Linda Dondero Hazlett. (2004) Corneal response to Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. Progress in Retinal and Eye Research 23:1, 1-30
CrossRef310
Pal Aukrust, Arne Yndestad, Jan K Dam??s, Lars Gullestad. (2004) Therapeutic Potential of Anticytokine Therapy in Congestive Heart Failure. American Journal of Cardiovascular Drugs 4:3, 169-177
CrossRef311
E. Sanchez, G. Orozco, M.A. Lopez-Nevot, J. Jimenez-Alonso, J. Martin. (2004) Polymorphisms of toll-like receptor 2 and 4 genes in rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. Tissue Antigens 63:1, 54-57
CrossRef312
K Okuda, T Kato, K Ishihara. (2004) Involvement of periodontopathic biofilm in vascular diseases. Oral Diseases 10:1, 5-12
CrossRef313
(2003) Antisense modulation of Toll-like receptor 4 expression. Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Patents 13:12, 1887-1889
CrossRef314
Donald N. Cook, John W. Hollingsworth, David A. Schwartz. (2003) Toll-like receptors and the genetics of innate immunity. Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology 3:6, 523-529
CrossRef315
Eugene Braunwald. (2003) Cardiology: the past, the present, and the future. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 42:12, 2031-2041
CrossRef316
M. Seitz. (2003) Toll-like receptors: sensors of the innate immune system. Allergy 58:12, 1247-1249
CrossRef317
Riccardo C. Bonadonna. 2003. The Syndrome of Insulin Resistance and Its Links to Atherosclerosis. .
CrossRef318
Leopoldo Raij. (2003) End-organ susceptibility as a determinant of renal disease in hypertension. Kidney International 64:5, 1923-1932
CrossRef319
Katharina Schroecksnadel, Barbara Frick, Christiana Winkler, Friedrich Leblhuber, Barbara Wirleitner, Dietmar Fuchs. (2003) Hyperhomocysteinemia and Immune Activation. Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine 41:11, 1438-1443
CrossRef320
Maria T. Abreu. (2003) Immunologic regulation of toll-like receptors in gut epithelium. Current Opinion in Gastroenterology 19:6, 559-564
CrossRef321
Wilbur Y.W. Lew. (2003) Endotoxin attacks the cardiovascular system. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 42:9, 1663-1665
CrossRef322
Cécile M.C Fremond, Delphine M.M Nicolle, David S Torres, Valérie F.J Quesniaux. (2003) Control of Mycobacterium bovis BCG infection with increased inflammation in TLR4-deficient mice. Microbes and Infection 5:12, 1070-1081
CrossRef323
Antonio Castrillo, Sean B Joseph, Sagar A Vaidya, Margaret Haberland, Alan M Fogelman, Genhong Cheng, Peter Tontonoz. (2003) Crosstalk between LXR and Toll-like Receptor Signaling Mediates Bacterial and Viral Antagonism of Cholesterol Metabolism. Molecular Cell 12:4, 805-816
CrossRef324
Richard G. Wunderink, Grant W. Waterer. (2003) Genetics of sepsis and pneumonia. Current Opinion in Critical Care 9:5, 384-389
CrossRef325
K. SCHROECKSNADEL, B. FRICK, B. WIRLEITNER, H. SCHENNACH, D. FUCHS. (2003) Homocysteine accumulates in supernatants of stimulated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Clinical and Experimental Immunology 134:1, 53-56
CrossRef326
Yury I. Miller, Mi-Kyung Chang, Christoph J. Binder, Peter X. Shaw, Joseph L. Witztum. (2003) Oxidized low density lipoprotein and innate immune receptors. Current Opinion in Lipidology 14:5, 437-445
CrossRef327
Amy H. Kao, Janice M. Sabatine, Susan Manzi. (2003) Update on vascular disease in systemic lupus erythematosus. Current Opinion in Rheumatology 15:5, 519-527
CrossRef328
James F. Meschia, Bradford B. Worrall. (2003) New advances in identifying genetic anomalies in stroke-prone probands. Current Atherosclerosis Reports 5:4, 317-323
CrossRef329
B. Wirleitner, V. Rudzite, G. Neurauter, C. Murr, U. Kalnins, A. Erglis, K. Trusinskis, D. Fuchs. (2003) Immune activation and degradation of tryptophan in coronary heart disease. European Journal of Clinical Investigation 33:7, 550-554
CrossRef330
Qingbo Xu. (2003) Infections, heat shock proteins, and atherosclerosis. Current Opinion in Cardiology 18:4, 245-252
CrossRef331
Michael Heesen, Martina Wessiepe, Dagmar Kunz, Katarina Vasickova, Brunhilde Blomeke. (2003) Rapid and reliable genotyping for the Toll-like receptor 4 A896G polymorphism using fluorescence-labeled hybridization probes in a real-time polymerase chain reaction assay. Clinica Chimica Acta 333:1, 47-49
CrossRef332
Roberto Pecoits-Filho, Louise Nordfors, Bengt Lindholm, Catherine M. Hoff, Martin Schalling, Peter Stenvinkel. (2003) Genetic approaches in the clinical investigation of complex disorders: Malnutrition, inflammation, and atherosclerosis (MIA) as a prototype. Kidney International 63:s84, 162-167
CrossRef333
Benjamin M. Schaefer, Vincent Caracciolo, William H. Frishman, Pamela Charney. (2003) Gender, Ethnicity and Genetics in Cardiovascular Disease. Heart Disease 5:2, 129-143
CrossRef334
M. Reindl, A. Lutterotti, J. Ingram, K. Schanda, C. Gassner, F. Deisenhammer, T. Berger, E. Lorenz. (2003) Mutations in the gene for toll-like receptor 4 and multiple sclerosis. Tissue Antigens 61:1, 85-88
CrossRef335
Carl Nathan. (2002) Points of control in inflammation. Nature 420:6917, 846-852
CrossRef336
(2002) Toll-like Receptor 4 Polymorphisms and Atherogenesis. New England Journal of Medicine 347:24, 1978-1980
Full Text337
Sir Magdi Yacoub. (2002) Kawasaki disease—from a mystery to a paradigm. Coronary Artery Disease 13:8, 421-422
CrossRef338
Zasloff, Michael, . (2002) Antimicrobial Peptides in Health and Disease. New England Journal of Medicine 347:15, 1199-1200
Full Text
- Letters
