Original Article
Recurrence Rates after Treatment of Breast Cancer with Standard Radiotherapy with or without Additional Radiation
N Engl J Med 2001; 345:1378-1387November 8, 2001
- Abstract
Background
Radiotherapy prevents local recurrence of breast cancer after breast-conserving surgery. We evaluated the effect of a supplementary dose of radiation to the tumor bed on the rates of local recurrence among patients who received radiotherapy after breast-conserving surgery for early breast cancer.
Methods
After lumpectomy and axillary dissection, patients with stage I or II breast cancer received 50 Gy of radiation to the whole breast in 2-Gy fractions over a five-week period. Patients with a microscopically complete excision were randomly assigned to receive either no further local treatment (2657 patients) or an additional localized dose of 16 Gy, usually given in eight fractions by means of an external electron beam (2661 patients).
Results
During a median follow-up period of 5.1 years, local recurrences were observed in 182 of the 2657 patients in the standard-treatment group and 109 of the 2661 patients in the additional-radiation group. The five-year actuarial rates of local recurrence were 7.3 percent (95 percent confidence interval, 6.8 to 7.6 percent) and 4.3 percent (95 percent confidence interval, 3.8 to 4.7 percent), respectively (P<0.001), yielding a hazard ratio for local recurrence of 0.59 (99 percent confidence interval, 0.43 to 0.81) associated with an additional dose. Patients 40 years old or younger benefited most; at five years, their rate of local recurrence was 19.5 percent with standard treatment and 10.2 percent with additional radiation (hazard ratio, 0.46 [99 percent confidence interval, 0.23 to 0.89]; P=0.002). At five years in the age group 41 to 50 years old, no differences were found in rates of metastasis or overall survival (which were 87 and 91 percent, respectively).
Conclusions
In patients with early breast cancer who undergo breast-conserving surgery and receive 50 Gy of radiation to the whole breast, an additional dose of 16 Gy of radiation to the tumor bed reduces the risk of local recurrence, especially in patients younger than 50 years of age.
Media in This Article
Figure 3
Survival Free of Local Recurrence According to Age for the Entire Cohort (Panel A) and Overall Survival According to Treatment-Group Assignment (Panel B).Figure 1
Cumulative Incidence of Recurrence of Tumor in the Ipsilateral Breast after Whole-Breast Irradiation at 50 Gy, with or without an Additional Dose to the Tumor Bed.Article Activity
- Article
Several randomized clinical trials1-5 and a meta-analysis6 have shown similar survival rates after breast-conserving therapy and after mastectomy in patients with early breast cancer. The B-06 trial of the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project and other trials demonstrated that after microscopically complete excision, irradiation of the whole breast with a dose of 50 Gy reduced the rate of recurrence in the ipsilateral breast from 35 percent to 10 percent.4,7-10 However, little is known about the effect of irradiation of the breast at doses higher than 50 Gy.
In the absence of data from randomized trials, there is no uniformity in the dose of radiation and the schedules of fractionation that are used after breast-conserving surgery. To investigate the effect of an additional dose of radiation (a boost) aimed at the tumor bed after the administration of 50 Gy to the whole breast, the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) designed the present trial. We report the first analysis of outcomes in patients with completely excised primary tumors who were randomly assigned to receive the standard therapy — 50 Gy of radiation to the whole breast — or standard therapy plus an additional dose of radiation of 16 Gy directed at the tumor bed.
Methods
Study Design
Between 1989 and 1996, we enrolled 5569 patients with stage I or II breast cancer who had undergone macroscopically complete surgical removal of the tumor and axillary dissection. The 5318 patients in whom the tumor had been completely excised on microscopical examination (as judged on the basis of the pathology report) were randomly assigned to undergo 50-Gy irradiation of the whole breast with or without an additional dose of 16 Gy to the tumor bed; 2661 patients were assigned to the additional-radiation group and 2657 to the standard-treatment group. Patients with a microscopically incomplete excision were assigned to receive booster doses of 10 or 26 Gy; these 251 patients were excluded from the analyses reported here. At randomization, patients were stratified according to age, menopausal status, the presence or absence of an intraductal component in and around the invasive tumor, clinical tumor size, clinical nodal status, and center. The sample size was calculated so as to give the study a 90 percent probability of detecting a 5 percent improvement in 10-year survival. An independent data monitoring committee was convened before 10 years had elapsed. The committee advised that we publish the data on local control of the cancer after a median of five years of follow-up, since a statistically significant effect of the higher dose of radiation on the rate of local recurrence was clearly demonstrated and since it was concluded that these results were unlikely to change with additional follow-up.
Eligibility
Patients with breast cancer of clinical stage T1–2,N0–1,M0 were eligible for the trial.11 Patients older than 70 years of age, or those with pure carcinoma in situ, multiple tumor foci in more than one quadrant, a history of other cancers, an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance score higher than 2, residual microcalcifications on mammography, or gross residual disease in the breast after lumpectomy (unless reexcision had been performed) were ineligible. Oral informed consent was obtained according to the guidelines of the EORTC and the local and national rules of the participating centers. Patients came from 31 centers in nine countries. There were major violations of eligibility criteria in the cases of 26 patients — residual microcalcifications on postoperative mammography (6 patients), previous history of a malignant tumor (5 patients), pure intraductal carcinoma in situ (3 patients), stage T3 tumor (2 patients), clinically fixed axillary nodes (2 patients), and various other violations (8 patients). In addition, 107 patients were older than 70 years, and for 343 patients the delay between surgery and the start of radiotherapy was longer than that allowed by the protocol. The latter two groups were considered to have minor deviations from the protocol. All patients, whether eligible or ineligible, were included in the analysis.
Treatment
The protocol called for patients to undergo surgical excision of the primary tumor, with a 1-cm margin of macroscopically normal tissue (lumpectomy), and an axillary dissection. Any removal of additional breast tissue after the excision of the primary tumor was termed a reexcision, whether it was performed during the same session or later. Postoperative mammography was required if suspicious microcalcifications were seen before lumpectomy. The surfaces of specimens were routinely marked with India ink in the participating centers. Any invasive carcinoma that was found on microscopical examination to have crossed the inked margin was defined as incompletely excised. Patients with a microscopically incomplete excision underwent randomization separately to an additional dose of radiation of either 10 Gy or 26 Gy. Patients with axillary lymph-node involvement received adjuvant systemic therapy: premenopausal patients received chemotherapy, and postmenopausal patients received tamoxifen. Patients not given adjuvant chemotherapy began radiotherapy within nine weeks after lumpectomy. For patients who received adjuvant chemotherapy, a delay of up to six months before irradiation was allowed. Irradiation of the whole breast was performed with the use of two tangential megavoltage photon beams (high-energy x-ray or tele-cobalt). A total dose of 50 Gy over a five-week period, with a dose of 2 Gy per fraction, was delivered at the intersection of the central axes of the beams.12 The additional dose of 16 Gy was given to the center of the area from which the tumor had been excised; it was given in eight equal external-beam fractions with fast electrons or tangential photon fields, or alternatively, by means of an iridium-192 implant with a dose rate of 10 Gy per 24 hours.12-15
The target area for the additional dose of radiation was the site of the primary tumor, with a margin of 1.5 cm around the primary tumor after microscopically complete excision and of 3.0 cm after incomplete excision or in case of invasive cancer with extensive ductal carcinoma in situ.
Quality Assurance
At the start of the trial, the participating physicians received guidelines,13,14 a quality-assurance program was implemented to confirm that breast irradiation was carried out in a standard fashion in all centers,14-17 a team of physicists verified the calibration of the beams in the participating centers, and a program was set up for thermoluminescent dosimetry. If a major deviation between the calculated doses and the delivered doses was detected, a local audit was held to identify the reason. A central pathology review was performed by one pathologist at the Netherlands Cancer Institute.
Statistical Analysis
All analyses were conducted according to the intention-to-treat principle. The randomization was performed centrally at the EORTC Data Center by means of the minimization technique.18 The time to local recurrence was calculated from the date of randomization. All recurrences in the treated breast, before or after the detection of distant metastases, were taken into account. Data for patients who remained free of local disease were censored as of the date when the last follow-up information was obtained. The primary analysis of time-to-event end points was performed with the use of a two-sided log-rank test at the 5 percent level of significance.19
Analysis was performed on subgroups defined by the factors that had been used for stratification before randomization: age, menopausal status, presence or absence of ductal carcinoma in situ, clinical tumor size, and nodal status. The probability of event-free survival was estimated with the Kaplan–Meier technique. For the analysis of prognostic factors, we used a Cox proportional-hazards regression model, stratified according to treatment-group assignment.20 These latter analyses included all 5569 patients. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to determine which factors were associated with local control of the cancer. A univariate analysis was conducted first, and then a backward-selection procedure was used to determine the composition of the multivariate models. Initially, all the variables that were significant at the 0.05 level in the univariate analysis were entered in the model. The least significant variables were then sequentially removed from the model. The last variables to be removed were checked for reentry into the model, in order to validate the final model. For the multivariate analyses, the models obtained with both the 0.05 and 0.01 levels of significance are described.
Results
Characteristics of the Patients, the Tumors, and the Treatments
Characteristics of the patients were similar in the two groups (Table 1Table 1
Characteristics of the Patients and the Tumors.). To achieve a microscopically complete resection, reexcision was required in 24 percent of the patients. In 99 percent of the patients, axillary dissection was performed. The median number of axillary nodes examined was 12 (range, 0 to 49), and in 60 percent of the patients more than 10 lymph nodes were examined. A total of 13 percent of the patients had a hematoma or breast infection as a complication. Another 17 percent had a seroma or an infection of the axillary wound. The median interval between lumpectomy and the start of radiotherapy was 39 days (range, 3 to 156) for patients who did not receive postoperative chemotherapy and 52 days (range, 14 to 469) for those who did receive postoperative chemotherapy. The median dose of radiation delivered to the tumor bed was 50 Gy (range, 2 to 73) in the standard-treatment group and 66 Gy (range, 23 to 79) in the additional-radiation group. Axillary irradiation was given to the 272 patients who did not undergo a complete axillary dissection or to patients with positive lymph nodes in the highest level of the axillary surgical specimen. Irradiation of the internal mammary lymph nodes was performed in 1089 of the patients. In the standard-treatment group, 53 (2 percent) nevertheless received an additional dose, and the treatment was not documented in 24 patients (1 percent). In the additional-radiation group, 26 patients (1 percent) received no additional dose and for 21 patients (0.8 percent) the information was missing. These patients' treatments were considered to be protocol violations; however, they were included in the intention-to-treat analysis. In 90 percent of the patients in this group, external irradiation was used for the additional dose (63 percent with electrons and 27 percent with photons), and in 8 percent an interstitial implant was used; no information was available on the method of delivery of the additional dose for the remaining 1 percent. Details regarding systemic adjuvant therapies are presented in Table 2Table 2
Adjuvant Hormonal Treatment or Chemotherapy..Follow-up
The median duration of follow-up was 5.1 years (maximum, 10.2 years), by which point 479 of the 5318 patients with a microscopically complete resection had died and 291 had had local recurrences.
Local Control
Local recurrence was observed in 182 of the 2657 patients assigned to receive only the initial 50 Gy of irradiation of the whole breast and in 109 of the 2661 patients assigned to receive 50 Gy plus an additional dose of 16 Gy. This incidence corresponds to five-year actuarial rates of local recurrence of 7.3 percent (95 percent confidence interval, 6.8 to 7.6 percent) and 4.3 percent (95 percent confidence interval, 3.8 to 4.7 percent), respectively (P<0.001), and a hazard ratio for local recurrence of 0.59 (99 percent confidence interval, 0.43 to 0.81) associated with an additional dose (Figure 1Figure 1
Cumulative Incidence of Recurrence of Tumor in the Ipsilateral Breast after Whole-Breast Irradiation at 50 Gy, with or without an Additional Dose to the Tumor Bed.). Local recurrence was the first event in 5.9 percent of the patients in the standard-treatment group and 3.3 percent of those in the additional-radiation group. In the standard-treatment group, 18 local recurrences were reported after another recurrence (i.e., a distant metastasis, a regional metastasis, or contralateral breast cancer); 9 such events occurred in the additional-radiation group. Overall, 47 percent of the local recurrences occurred in the primary tumor bed, 9 percent in the scar, and 29 percent outside the area of the original tumor, and 27 percent were diffuse throughout the breast. Analyses of subgroups defined according to the stratification factors (Table 3Table 3
Results of Subgroup Analyses of Local Control According to Stratification Factors.) found the largest clinical benefit from the higher dose of radiation in patients 40 years old or younger (Figure 2Figure 2
Cumulative Incidence of Recurrence of Tumor in the Ipsilateral Breast after Whole-Breast Irradiation at 50 Gy, with or without an Additional Dose to the Tumor Bed, According to Age.). The benefit of the additional dose in local control was independent of whether the patients received adjuvant systemic treatment. The hazard ratio was 0.66 (99 percent confidence interval, 0.47 to 0.93; P=0.002) for patients who received no adjuvant treatment, and 0.40 (99 percent confidence interval, 0.20 to 0.81; P=0.001) for patients who received adjuvant treatment.Univariate and Multivariate Analysis of Prognostic Factors for Local Control
In the univariate Cox proportional-hazards regression analysis, patients were stratified according to treatment-group assignment. The following factors had a significant negative effect on local control: young age, premenopausal status, large tumor size (as determined by palpation or as pathologically measured), incomplete first excision of the tumor, absence of estrogen or progesterone receptors, and lack of systemic adjuvant treatment. The variables that reached the 0.05 level of significance in association with age or local control for the overall population were entered in the first step of the multivariate model. Except for the duration of the interval between lumpectomy and the start of radiotherapy, the total dose to the tumor bed, and the use or nonuse of axillary irradiation, all variables were entered in the first step of the multivariate analysis. The backward-elimination process showed that three variables were significant at P<0.05: older age (P<0.001; hazard ratio, 0.59 [95 percent confidence interval, 0.48 to 0.71]), the presence of palpable tumors (P=0.007; hazard ratio, 2.14 [95 percent confidence interval, 1.23 to 3.72]), and the presence of a progesterone receptor (P=0.004; hazard ratio, 0.66 [95 percent confidence interval, 0.49 to 0.87]), which indicates that the risk of local recurrence was highest in younger patients (Figure 3Figure 3
Survival Free of Local Recurrence According to Age for the Entire Cohort (Panel A) and Overall Survival According to Treatment-Group Assignment (Panel B).), in those in whom the tumor was palpable, and in those who lacked progesterone receptors. At a significance level of 0.01, the model retained the same factors, but at a significance level of 0.001 it retained only age (P<0.001; hazard ratio, 0.56 [99 percent confidence interval, 0.51 to 0.68]).The multivariate analysis of factors associated with local control was repeated with the additional treatment as a covariate as well as the presence or absence of progesterone receptors, the presence or absence of palpable tumor, and age. This analysis demonstrated that all three clinical factors remained significant at the 0.05 level, but only age and the use of an additional dose of radiation remained significant at a level of 0.001. The effect of the additional dose remained significant in this multivariate analysis (hazard ratio, 0.51; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.37 to 0.70; P<0.001).
Salvage Treatment for Local Recurrences
Salvage treatment for local recurrences consisted primarily of total mastectomy; some patients underwent conservative salvage operations. Mastectomy and lumpectomy were performed in 131 and 24 patients, respectively, among the 182 patients with local recurrence in the standard-treatment group, and 82 and 11 patients, respectively, among the 109 patients with local recurrence in the additional-radiation group; 34 patients received systemic treatment alone or combined with hormonal therapy; and in 9 patients no information was available regarding salvage therapy.
Side Effects of the Booster Dose
The higher dose of radiation was expected to increase the incidence and the degree of fibrosis and cause an unsatisfactory cosmetic result. To date, we have not seen a significant difference in the grades of fibrosis, as scored by physicians on a four-point scale (with 0 indicating the absence of fibrosis and 3 indicating severe fibrosis) between the patients who received the additional dose and those who did not. The grades of fibrosis in the whole breast for patients in the standard-treatment and additional-radiation groups were as follows: 1288 patients (48 percent) and 1339 patients (50 percent), respectively, had no fibrosis; 991 (37 percent) and 908 (34 percent), respectively, had minor fibrosis; 236 (9 percent) and 261 (10 percent), respectively, had moderate fibrosis; 24 (1 percent) and 32 (1 percent), respectively, had severe fibrosis; and in 118 (4 percent) and 121 (5 percent), respectively, the grade of fibrosis was unknown. The cosmetic results were the subject of separate studies and have been published elsewhere.21,22 Excellent or good cosmetic results were obtained in 86 percent of the patients in the standard-treatment group, as compared with 71 percent of the patients in the additional-radiation group. No other side effects of the additional dose have been observed.
Survival and Causes of Death
Survival free of distant metastases and overall survival were similar in the two treatment groups (P=0.93 and P=0.63, respectively), with five-year rates of 87 percent and 91 percent, respectively, in both groups (Figure 3). No analysis of subgroups defined according to the stratification factors was conducted. The causes of death were also similar in the two treatment groups. Of the 479 deaths, 361 — 186 in the standard-treatment group and 175 in the additional-radiation group — were due to breast cancer.
Discussion
Multiple randomized trials have conclusively demonstrated that breast irradiation markedly reduces the rate of local recurrence after conservation surgery for breast cancer, but these studies did not deal with the dose or fractionation of radiation. The decision to deliver an additional localized dose of irradiation is based on the fact that most local recurrences occur within the vicinity of the primary tumor. For this reason, additional treatment was prescribed in all but one of the randomized trials that established the equivalence of breast-conserving and radical surgical therapy.1-5 However, the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project trials limited the dose of radiation to 50 Gy when the excised tumor had microscopically negative margins, a practice that has been adopted as standard therapy in published guidelines.23 Our trial investigated the benefits and risks of adding an additional 16-Gy dose to this standard 50-Gy irradiation of the whole breast in patients with completely excised early breast cancer. We found that an additional dose to the primary tumor area nearly halved the annual odds of local recurrence (hazard ratio, 0.59). Preliminary data from a smaller trial are similar to ours.24
A 41 percent reduction in the rate of local recurrences is substantial in relative terms, but the absolute benefit of additional treatment depends on each patient's risk of recurrence after receiving the initial 50 Gy of radiation. The only factor we could associate with the extent of the benefit of additional treatment was age. Since the unfavorable influence of young age on the risk of local recurrence and overall survival is well established,25-29 it was not unexpected that patients 40 years old or younger would derive the greatest absolute benefit from additional treatment; the cumulative five-year rate of local recurrence was 19.5 percent without an additional dose and 10.2 percent with an additional dose. Our analysis also indicated that breast cancer in younger patients is more responsive to radiation, but there is no clear radiobiologic explanation for this. We do not suggest that additional treatment is ineffective in older patients, but its efficacy does decrease with increasing age, perhaps because in older patients local control after 50 Gy of irradiation of the whole breast alone is excellent. In our opinion, the absolute benefit of the additional dose justifies its use in patients 50 years old or younger.
The excellent local control found in this study was probably due, at least in part, to the intensive quality-assurance program that monitored surgical and radiotherapy procedures and the evaluation of pathology specimens. Unlike many other breast-cancer trials, this study did not involve the use of systemic adjuvant therapy in most patients, although such therapy has been shown to improve local control. We found that systemic adjuvant treatment reduced the rate of local recurrence (hazard ratio, 0.75), although its significance disappeared in the multivariate analysis. The contribution of the additional dose to improved local control was similar regardless of whether patients received systemic adjuvant treatment. Nevertheless, since the patients were not stratified according to the use or nonuse of such treatment, it cannot be considered a substitute for the additional dose, particularly in young patients.
There are indications that the improvement in local control associated with breast irradiation after breast-conserving surgery or mastectomy translates into a survival advantage.6,30-32 In our trial, however, the five-year survival rate was identical in the two treatment groups. We believe that a follow-up period of at least 10 years would be needed to find a difference in overall survival, and we plan to follow our patients for at least 10 years.
Soft-tissue sarcomas are rarely seen after breast irradiation (incidence, less than 0.5 percent).33 A slight increase in the incidence of contralateral breast cancer was observed in women treated with radiation after mastectomy, probably as a result of the small dose of “scatter” radiation to the other breast.34 An increase in the incidence of second malignant tumors as a consequence of the higher additional dose has not yet been observed in our trial. However, it is unlikely that the delivery of an additional 16-Gy dose to a limited volume of tissue, with the use of modern irradiation techniques, will lead to a measurable increase in the risk of such tumors from that associated with 50 Gy of irradiation of the whole breast.
We found no significant increase in the degree of fibrosis in the treated breast among women who received an additional dose of radiation. However, a panel consisting of surgeons, radiation oncologists, and laypersons concluded that excellent or good cosmetic results were obtained in 86 percent of the patients in the standard-treatment group at three years, as compared with 71 percent of those in the additional-radiation group. The additional dose was, however, not the only factor with a negative influence on the cosmetic outcome. Other factors included the location of the primary tumor, the size of the tumor, the volume of tissue excised, and any complications of surgery.21,22 A 5-year follow-up period is too short to allow a definitive analysis of late effects of radiation,35 and a further analysis will be performed at 10 years. The reduction in the incidence of local recurrences associated with the additional dose far outweighs the slight increase in the poorer cosmetic outcome, especially in patients younger than 50 years of age.
Supported by grants (5R10-CA11488 through 5U10-CA11488-30) from the National Cancer Institute. The content of the article is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily reflect the official views of the National Cancer Institute.
We are indebted to the following persons for their help in the concept and design of the trial and their active participation: E. van der Schueren, Leuven, Belgium; B. Pierquin, Paris; R.P. Müller, Cologne, Germany; J. Kurtz, Geneva; D. Morgan, Nottingham, United Kingdom; J.B. Dubois, Montpellier, France; E. Salamon, Namur, Belgium; R.O. Mirimanoff, Lausanne, Switzerland; J.W.H. Leer, Leiden, the Netherlands; M. Bolla, Grenoble, France; A. Kuten, Haifa, Israel; A. Renaud, La Louvière, Belgium; U. Schulz, Krefeld, Germany; P.C.M. Koper, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; D. Van den Weyngaert, Antwerp, Belgium; G.A. Storme, Brussels, Belgium; G.H.M. Calitchi, Creteil, France; W. Budach, Berlin, Germany; S. Roth, Düsseldorf, Germany; M. Poulsen, Brisbane, Australia; M.A. Dominguez, Pamplona, Spain; E. Monpetit, Vannes, France; F. Kovner, Tel Aviv, Israel; A. Biete Sola, Barcelona, Spain; P. Calvo, Madrid, Spain; and C. Vrieling, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; and to J.L. Peterse for pathology review.
Source Information
From the Department of Radiation Oncology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam (H.B., J.B.); the Department of Radiation Oncology, Dr. Bernard Verbeeten Institute, Tilburg (P.P.); the Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Utrecht, Utrecht (H.S.); the Department of Radiation Oncology, Radiotherapeutisch Institute Limburg, Heerlen (J.J.); and the Department of Radiation Oncology, Joint Center for Radiotherapy Arnhem–Nijmegen, St. Radboud Hospital, Nijmegen (W.H.) — all in the Netherlands; the Department of Radiation Oncology, Centre Georges-François Leclerc, Dijon (J.-C.H., I.B.); and the Department of Radiation Oncology, Institut Curie, Paris (A.F.) — both in France; and the Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven (W.V.B.); and the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer, Brussels (L.C., M.P.) — both in Belgium.
Address reprint requests to Dr. Bartelink at the Department of Radiation Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands, or at h.bartelink@nki.nl.
- References
References
1
Sarrazin D ,Le MG ,Arriagada R , et al. Ten-year results of a randomized trial comparing a conservative treatment to mastectomy in early breast cancer. Radiother Oncol 1989;14:177-184
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline2
Blichert-Toft M, Rose C, Andersen JA, et al. Danish randomized trial comparing breast conservation therapy with mastectomy: six years of life-table analysis. In: Consensus development conference on the treatment of early-stage breast cancer. Journal of the National Cancer Institute monographs. No. 11. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1992:19-25. (NIH publication no. 90-3187.)
3
Veronesi U ,Salvadori B ,Luini A , et al. Breast conservation is a safe method in patients with small cancer of the breast: long-term results of three randomised trials on 1,973 patients. Eur J Cancer 1995;31:1574-1579
CrossRef | Web of Science4
Fisher B ,Anderson S ,Redmond CK ,Wolmark N ,Wickerham DL ,Cronin WM . Reanalysis and results after 12 years of follow-up in a randomized clinical trial comparing total mastectomy with lumpectomy with or without irradiation in the treatment of breast cancer. N Engl J Med 1995;333:1456-1461
Full Text | Web of Science | Medline5
van Dongen JA ,Voogd AC ,Fentiman IS , et al. Long-term results of a randomized trial comparing breast-conserving therapy with mastectomy: European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer 10801 trial. J Natl Cancer Inst 2000;92:1143-1150
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline6
Early Breast Cancer Trialists' Collaborative Group
Full Text | Web of Science | Medline7
Forrest AP ,Stewart HJ ,Everington D , et al. Randomised controlled trial of conservation therapy for breast cancer: 6-year analysis of the Scottish trial. Lancet 1996;348:708-713
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline8
Veronesi U ,Luini A ,Del Vecchio M , et al. Radiotherapy after breast-preserving surgery in women with localized cancer of the breast. N Engl J Med 1993;328:1587-1591
Full Text | Web of Science | Medline9
Uppsala-Orebro Breast Cancer Study Group
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline10
Clark RM ,Whelan T ,Levine M , et al. Randomized clinical trial of breast irradiation following lumpectomy and axillary dissection for node-negative breast cancer: an update. J Natl Cancer Inst 1996;88:1659-1664
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline11
International Union against Cancer. TNM clinical classification. In: Hermanek P, Sobin LH, eds. TNM classification of malignant tumors. 4th ed. rev. Berlin, Germany: Springer-Verlag, 1987:95-6.
12
Prescribing, recording, and reporting with photon beam therapy. Report 50. Bethesda, Md.: International Commission of Radiation Units and Measurements, September 1993.
13
Bartelink H ,Garavaglia G ,Johansson KA , et al. Quality assurance in conservative treatment of early breast cancer: report on a consensus meeting of the EORTC Radiotherapy and Breast Cancer Cooperative Groups and the EUSOMA (European Society of Mastology). Radiother Oncol 1991;22:323-326
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline14
Van Tienhoven G ,Van Bree NAM ,Mijnheer BJ ,Bartelink H . Quality assurance of the EORTC trial 22881/10882: “assessment of the role of the booster dose in breast conserving therapy“: the Dummy Run. Radiother Oncol 1991;22:290-298
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline15
Hamers HP ,Johansson KA ,Venselaar JLM ,de Brouwer P ,Hansson U ,Moudi C . Entrance and exit TL-dosimetry in the conservative treatment of breast cancer: a pilot study for the EORTC-Radiotherapy Cooperative Group. Radiother Oncol 1991;22:280-284
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline16
Heukelom S ,Lanson JH ,van Tienhoven G ,Mijnheer BJ . In vivo dosimetry during tangential breast treatment. Radiother Oncol 1991;22:269-279
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline17
van Tienhoven G ,Leunens G ,Vantongelen K , et al. Quality assurance of EORTC trial 22881/10882: “assessment of the role of the booster dose in breast conserving therapy“: the individual case review. Radiother Oncol 1992;24:Suppl:S35-S35 abstract.18
Pocock SJ ,Simon R . Sequential treatment assignment with balancing for prognostic factors in the controlled clinical trial. Biometrics 1975;31:103-115
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline19
Kaplan EL ,Meier P . Nonparametric estimation from incomplete observations. J Am Stat Assoc 1958;53:457-481
CrossRef | Web of Science20
Cox DR, Oakes D. Analysis of survival data. London: Chapman & Hall, 1984.
21
Vrieling C ,Collette L ,Fourquet A , et al. The influence of the boost in breast-conserving therapy on cosmetic outcome in the EORTC “boost versus no boost“ trial. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1999;45:677-685
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline22
Vrieling C ,Collette L ,Fourquet A , et al. The influence of patient, tumor and treatment factors on the cosmetic results after breast-conserving therapy in the EORTC “boost vs no boost“ trial. Radiother Oncol 2000;55:219-232
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline23
The Steering Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Care and Treatment of Breast Cancer
Web of Science24
Romestaing P ,Lehingue Y ,Carrie C , et al. Role of a 10-Gy boost in the conservative treatment of early breast cancer: results of a randomized clinical trial in Lyon, France. J Clin Oncol 1997;15:963-968
Web of Science | Medline25
de la Rochefordiere A ,Asselain B ,Campana F , et al. Age as prognostic factor in premenopausal breast carcinoma. Lancet 1993;341:1039-1043
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline26
Albain KS, Allred DC, Clark GM. Breast cancer outcome and predictors of outcome: are there age differentials? In: Breast cancer in young women. Journal of the National Cancer Institute monographs. No. 16. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1994:35-42. (NIH publication no. 93-03559.)
27
Borger J ,Kemperman H ,Hart A ,Peterse H ,van Dongen J ,Bartelink H . Risk factors in breast-conservation therapy. J Clin Oncol 1994;12:653-660
Web of Science | Medline28
Voogd AC ,Nielsen M ,Peterse JL , et al. Differences in risk factors for local and distant recurrence after breast-conserving therapy or mastectomy for stage I and II breast cancer: pooled results of two large European randomized trials. J Clin Oncol 2001;19:1688-1697
Web of Science | Medline29
Elkhuizen PHM ,van Slooten HJ ,Clahsen PC , et al. High local recurrence risk after breast-conserving therapy in node-negative premenopausal breast cancer patients is greatly reduced by one course of perioperative chemotherapy: a European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Breast Cancer Cooperative Group Study. J Clin Oncol 2000;18:1075-1083
Web of Science | Medline30
Overgaard M ,Hansen PS ,Overgaard J , et al. Postoperative radiotherapy in high-risk premenopausal women with breast cancer who receive adjuvant chemotherapy. N Engl J Med 1997;337:949-955
Full Text | Web of Science | Medline31
Overgaard M ,Jensen MB ,Overgaard J , et al. Postoperative radiotherapy in high-risk postmenopausal breast-cancer patients given adjuvant tamoxifen: Danish Breast Cancer Cooperative Group DBCG 82c randomised trial. Lancet 1999;353:1641-1648
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline32
Ragaz J ,Jackson SM ,Le N , et al. Adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy in node-positive premenopausal women with breast cancer. N Engl J Med 1997;337:956-952
Full Text | Web of Science | Medline33
Huang J ,Mackillop WJ . Increased risk of soft tissue sarcoma after radiotherapy in women with breast carcinoma. Cancer 2001;92:172-180
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline34
Shapiro CL ,Recht A . Side effects of adjuvant treatment of breast cancer. N Engl J Med 2001;344:1997-2008
Full Text | Web of Science | Medline35
Curran D ,van Dongen JP ,Aaronson NK , et al. Quality of life of early-stage breast cancer patients treated with radical mastectomy or breast-conserving procedures: results of EORTC Trial 10801. Eur J Cancer 1998;34:307-314
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline
- Citing Articles (246)
Citing Articles
1
Scott V. Bratman, Daniel S. Kapp, Kathleen C. Horst. (2012) Evolving trends in the initial locoregional management of male breast cancer. The Breast
CrossRef2
Philip Poortmans, Marianne Aznar, Harry Bartelink. (2012) Quality Indicators for Breast Cancer: Revisiting Historical Evidence in the Context of Technology Changes. Seminars in Radiation Oncology 22:1, 29-39
CrossRef3
Frederik Wenz, Elena Blank, Grit Welzel, Frank Hofmann, Daniela Astor, Christian Neumaier, Carsten Herskind, Axel Gerhardt, Marc Suetterlin, Uta Kraus-Tiefenbacher. (2012) Intraoperative radiotherapy during breast-conserving surgery using a miniature x-ray generator (Intrabeam ® ): theoretical and experimental background and clinical experience. Women's Health 8:1, 39-47
CrossRef4
Stefano Zurrida, Maria Cristina Leonardi, Andrés Del Castillo, Roberta Lazzari, Paolo Arnone, Piero Caldarella. (2012) Accelerated partial breast irradiation in early breast cancer: focus on intraoperative treatment with electrons (ELIOT). Women's Health 8:1, 89-98
CrossRef5
R. Mullen, E.J. Macaskill, A. Khalil, E. Elseedawy, D.C. Brown, A.C. Lee, C.A. Purdie, L.B. Jordan, A.M. Thompson. (2012) Involved anterior margins after breast conserving surgery: Is re-excision required?. European Journal of Surgical Oncology (EJSO)
CrossRef6
Hidefumi Aoyama. 2011. Assessing Radiation Therapy. , 255-268.
CrossRef7
Tuathan P O'Shea, Yuanyuan Ge, Mark J Foley, Bruce A Faddegon. (2011) Characterization of an extendable multi-leaf collimator for clinical electron beams. Physics in Medicine and Biology 56:23, 7621-7638
CrossRef8
S. Liukkonen, M. Leidenius, T. Saarto, J. Sjöström-Mattson. (2011) Breast cancer in very young women. European Journal of Surgical Oncology (EJSO) 37:12, 1030-1037
CrossRef9
Supriya Kulkarni, Nitin Singh, Pavel Crystal. (2011) Preoperative Breast Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Applications in Clinical Practice. Canadian Association of Radiologists Journal
CrossRef10
Subarna Hamid, Kathy Rocchio, Douglas Arthur, Robyn Vera, Sandra Sha, Michele Jolly, Sean Cavanaugh, Eric Wooten, Rashmi Benda, Brad Greenfield, Bradley Prestidge, Scot Ackerman, Robert Kuske, Coral Quiet, Margaret Snyder, David E. Wazer. (2011) A Multi-Institutional Study of Feasibility, Implementation, and Early Clinical Results with Noninvasive Breast Brachytherapy for Tumor Bed Boost. International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics
CrossRef11
Hee Jeong Kim, Wonshik Han, On Vox Yi, Hee Chul Shin, Soo-Kyung Ahn, Beom Seok Koh, Hyeong-Gon Moon, Jong Han You, Byung Ho Son, Sei Hyun Ahn, Dong-Young Noh. (2011) Young age is associated with ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence after breast conserving surgery and radiation therapy in patients with HER2-positive/ER-negative subtype. Breast Cancer Research and Treatment 130:2, 499-505
CrossRef12
Jayant S. Vaidya, Michael Baum, Jeffrey S. Tobias, Frederik Wenz, Samuele Massarut, Mohammed Keshtgar, Basil Hilaris, Christobel Saunders, Norman R. Williams, Chris Brew-Graves, Tammy Corica, Mario Roncadin, Uta Kraus-Tiefenbacher, Marc Sütterlin, Max Bulsara, David Joseph. (2011) Long-Term Results of Targeted Intraoperative Radiotherapy (Targit) Boost During Breast-Conserving Surgery. International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics 81:4, 1091-1097
CrossRef13
Zain A. Husain, Usama Mahmood, Alexandra Hanlon, Geoffrey Neuner, Robert Buras, Katherine Tkaczuk, Steven J. Feigenberg. (2011) Accelerated partial breast irradiation via brachytherapy: A patterns-of-care analysis with ASTRO consensus statement groupings. Brachytherapy 10:6, 479-485
CrossRef14
Rajko Topolnjak, Peter de Ruiter, Peter Remeijer, Corine van Vliet-Vroegindeweij, Coen Rasch, Jan-Jakob Sonke. (2011) Image-Guided Radiotherapy for Breast Cancer Patients: Surgical Clips as Surrogate for Breast Excision Cavity. International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics 81:3, e187-e195
CrossRef15
P. Sanpaolo, V. Barbieri, D. Genovesi. (2011) Prognostic value of breast cancer subtypes on breast cancer specific survival, distant metastases and local relapse rates in conservatively managed early stage breast cancer: A retrospective clinical study. European Journal of Surgical Oncology (EJSO) 37:10, 876-882
CrossRef16
Jonathan D. Schoenfeld, Jay R. Harris. (2011) Abbreviated course of radiotherapy (RT) for breast cancer. The Breast 20, S116-S127
CrossRef17
J.-P. Pignol, E. Rakovitch, J. Zeppieri, W. Hanna. (2011) Accuracy and Completeness of Pathology Reporting — Impact on Partial Breast Irradiation Eligibility. Clinical Oncology
CrossRef18
Marjory Jolicoeur, Marie-Lynn Racine, Isabelle Trop, Lara Hathout, David Nguyen, Talar Derashodian, Sandrine David. (2011) Localization of the surgical bed using supine magnetic resonance and computed tomography scan fusion for planification of breast interstitial brachytherapy. Radiotherapy and Oncology 100:3, 480-484
CrossRef19
Qiang Huo, Qifeng Yang. (2011) P53-Binding protein 1: A new player for tumorigenesis and a new target for breast cancer treatment. Medical Hypotheses 77:3, 359-363
CrossRef20
Tanja Alderliesten, Claudette E. Loo, Kenneth E. Pengel, Emiel J. Th. Rutgers, Kenneth G. A. Gilhuijs, Marie-Jeanne T. F. D. Vrancken Peeters. (2011) Radioactive Seed Localization of Breast Lesions: An Adequate Localization Method without Seed Migration. The Breast Journalno-no
CrossRef21
Enja J. Bantema-Joppe, Hans Paul van der Laan, Geertruida H. de Bock, Robin Wijsman, Wil V. Dolsma, Dianne M. Busz, Johannes A. Langendijk, John H. Maduro. (2011) Three-dimensional conformal hypofractionated simultaneous integrated boost in breast conserving therapy: Results on local control and survival. Radiotherapy and Oncology 100:2, 215-220
CrossRef22
Liesbeth J. Boersma, Bianca Hanbeukers, Carla Boetes, Jacques Borger, Piet van den Ende, Els van Haaren, Ruud Houben, Jos Jager, Lars Murrer, Suprapto Sastrowijoto, Angela van Baardwijk. (2011) Is contrast enhancement required to visualize a known breast tumor in a pre-operative CT scan?. Radiotherapy and Oncology 100:2, 271-275
CrossRef23
Y. Belkacémi, A. Fourquet, B. Cutuli, C. Bourgier, M. Hery, G. Ganem, H. Marsiglia, M. Namer, J. Gligorov, D. Azria. (2011) Radiotherapy for invasive breast cancer: Guidelines for clinical practice from the French expert review board of Nice/Saint-Paul de Vence. Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology 79:2, 91-102
CrossRef24
Erik van Werkhoven, Guus Hart, Harm van Tinteren, Paula Elkhuizen, Laurence Collette, Philip Poortmans, Harry Bartelink. (2011) Nomogram to predict ipsilateral breast relapse based on pathology review from the EORTC 22881-10882 boost versus no boost trial. Radiotherapy and Oncology 100:1, 101-107
CrossRef25
Viviana Barbieri, Pietro Sanpaolo, Domenico Genovesi. (2011) Prognostic Impact of Triple Negative Phenotype in Conservatively Treated Breast Cancer. The Breast Journal 17:4, 377-382
CrossRef26
Dieter Hölzel, Rebecca T. Emeny, Jutta Engel. (2011) True local recurrences do not metastasize. Cancer and Metastasis Reviews 30:2, 161-176
CrossRef27
Marina Giezen, Erik Kouwenhoven, Astrid N. Scholten, Emile G. Coerkamp, Mark Heijenbrok, Wim P.A. Jansen, Mirjam E. Mast, Anna L. Petoukhova, Henk Struikmans. (2011) MRI- Versus CT-Based Volume Delineation of Lumpectomy Cavity in Supine Position in Breast-Conserving Therapy: An Exploratory Study. International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics
CrossRef28
Bruce G. Haffty, Sharad Goyal, Diptee Kulkarni, Camille Green, Alexi Vazquez, Devora Schiff, Meena S. Moran, Qifeng Yang, Shridar Ganesan, Kim M. Hirsfield. (2011) Evaluation of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) in the p53 Binding Protein 1 (TP53BP1) Gene in Breast Cancer Patients Treated With Breast-Conserving Surgery and Whole-Breast Irradiation (BCS + RT). International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics 80:2, 385-391
CrossRef29
Shirin Sioshansi, Mark J. Rivard, Jessica R. Hiatt, Amanda A. Hurley, Yoojin Lee, David E. Wazer. (2011) Dose Modeling of Noninvasive Image-Guided Breast Brachytherapy in Comparison to Electron Beam Boost and Three-Dimensional Conformal Accelerated Partial Breast Irradiation. International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics 80:2, 410-416
CrossRef30
S. Heymann, R. Verstraet, C. Pichenot, E. Vergne, D. Lefkopoulos, F. Husson, H. Kafrouni, J. Mahe, B. Kandalaft, J. Bourhis, H. Marsiglia, C. Bourgier. (2011) Modulation d’intensité en radiothérapie mammaire : développement d’une méthode innovante de champ dans le champ à l’institut Gustave-Roussy. Cancer/Radiothérapie
CrossRef31
Ray Lin, Prabhakar Tripuraneni. (2011) Radiation Therapy in Early-Stage Invasive Breast Cancer. Indian Journal of Surgical Oncology
CrossRef32
Adam Chicheł, Janusz Skowronek, Marek Kanikowski. (2011) Thermal boost combined with interstitial brachytherapy in breast conserving therapy – Assessment of early toxicity. Reports of Practical Oncology & Radiotherapy 16:3, 87-94
CrossRef33
Mohammed R.S. Keshtgar, Jayant S. Vaidya, Jeffrey S. Tobias, Frederik Wenz, David Joseph, Chris Stacey, Marinos G. Metaxas, Anke Keller, Tammy Corica, Norman R. Williams, Michael Baum. (2011) Targeted Intraoperative Radiotherapy for Breast Cancer in Patients in Whom External Beam Radiation Is Not Possible. International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics 80:1, 31-38
CrossRef34
J.-J. Mazeron. (2011) Compte-rendu de la 29e réunion de l’European Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology (ESTRO). Barcelone (Espagne), 12–16 septembre 2010. Cancer/Radiothérapie 15:2, 154-160
CrossRef35
Arpad Kovacs, Ferenc Lakosi, Gabor Liposits, Gabor Toller, Janaki Hadjiev, Csaba Vandulek, Norbert Walter, Csaba Glavak, Gergely Antal, Akos Horvath, Imre Repa, Peter Bogner. (2011) 3-D Conformal Photon Boost in the Treatment of Early Stage Breast Cancer: Four Year Follow Up Results. Pathology & Oncology Research 17:1, 17-23
CrossRef36
Olga Ivanov, Adam Dickler, Bennett Y. F. Lum, James V. Pellicane, Darius S. Francescatti. (2011) Twelve-Month Follow-Up Results of a Trial Utilizing Axxent Electronic Brachytherapy to Deliver Intraoperative Radiation Therapy for Early-Stage Breast Cancer. Annals of Surgical Oncology 18:2, 453-458
CrossRef37
Jos A van der Hage, J Sven D Mieog, Cornelis JH van de Velde, Hein Putter, Harry Bartelink, Marc J van de Vijver. (2011) Impact of established prognostic factors and molecular subtype in very young breast cancer patients: pooled analysis of four EORTC randomized controlled trials. Breast Cancer Research 13:3, R68
CrossRef38
E.T. Siponen, L. Vaalavirta, H. Joensuu, J. Vironen, P. Heikkilä, M.H.K. Leidenius. (2011) Ipsilateral breast recurrence after breast conserving surgery in patients with small (≤2cm) breast cancer treated with modern adjuvant therapies. European Journal of Surgical Oncology (EJSO) 37:1, 25-31
CrossRef39
Boon H. Chua, Michael A. Henderson, Alvin D. Milner. (2011) Intraoperative radiotherapy in women with early breast cancer treated by breast-conserving therapy. ANZ Journal of Surgery 81:1-2, 65-69
CrossRef40
Cordula Petersen, Florian Würschmidt. (2011) Late Toxicity of Radiotherapy: A Problem or a Challenge for the Radiation Oncologist?. Breast Care 6:5, 369-374
CrossRef41
Marie-Pierre Sunyach. 2011. Radiothérapie des cancers du sein. , 107-116.
CrossRef42
Heunglae Cho, Cheoljin Kim. (2011) Volumetric changes in the lumpectomy cavity during whole breast irradiation after breast conserving surgery. Radiation Oncology Journal 29:4, 277
CrossRef43
Muhammad Hammad Aziz, Frank Schneider, Sven Clausen, Elena Blank, Carsten Herskind, Muhammad Afzal, Frederik Wenz. (2011) Can the risk of secondary cancer induction after breast conserving therapy be reduced using intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT) with low-energy x-rays?. Radiation Oncology 6:1, 174
CrossRef44
Ying Liu, Maria Pérez, Mario Schootman, Rebecca L. Aft, William E. Gillanders, Matthew J. Ellis, Donna B. Jeffe. (2010) A longitudinal study of factors associated with perceived risk of recurrence in women with ductal carcinoma in situ and early-stage invasive breast cancer. Breast Cancer Research and Treatment 124:3, 835-844
CrossRef45
Lotte E. Elshof, Emiel J. Th. Rutgers, Eline E. Deurloo, Claudette E. Loo, Jelle Wesseling, Kenneth E. Pengel, Kenneth G.A. Gilhuijs. (2010) A practical approach to manage additional lesions at preoperative breast MRI in patients eligible for breast conserving therapy: results. Breast Cancer Research and Treatment 124:3, 707-715
CrossRef46
Sofiane Bendifallah, Gabrielle Werkoff, Constance Borie-Moutafoff, Martine Antoine, Jocelyne Chopier, Joseph Gligorov, Serge Uzan, Charles Coutant, Roman Rouzier. (2010) Multiple synchronous (multifocal and multicentric) breast cancer: Clinical implications. Surgical Oncology 19:4, e115-e123
CrossRef47
Xiupeng Ye, Ling Su, Xiaohu Wang, Kehu Yang, Jinhui Tian, Qiuning Zhang, Qiang Wang, Xiaojun Li, Yuqing Kang, Liyun Guo, Ruifeng Liu, Shifang Feng. (2010) Intensity-modulated radiotherapy for breast cancer: a systematic review. The Chinese-German Journal of Clinical Oncology 9:12, 708-713
CrossRef48
Benjamín Guix, José Antonio Lejárcegui, José Ignacio Tello, Gabriel Zanón, Iván Henríquez, Fernando Finestres, Antonio Martínez, Jaume Fernandez-Ibiza, Luis Quinzaños, Pau Palombo, Xavier Encinas, Inés Guix. (2010) Exeresis and Brachytherapy as Salvage Treatment for Local Recurrence After Conservative Treatment for Breast Cancer: Results of a Ten-Year Pilot Study. International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics 78:3, 804-810
CrossRef49
Elena Blank, Uta Kraus-Tiefenbacher, Grit Welzel, Anke Keller, Markus Bohrer, Marc Sütterlin, Frederik Wenz. (2010) Single-Center Long-Term Follow-Up After Intraoperative Radiotherapy as a Boost During Breast-Conserving Surgery Using Low-Kilovoltage X-Rays. Annals of Surgical Oncology 17:S3, 352-358
CrossRef50
Tzu-I J. Yang, Danny Minkema, Paula H.M. Elkhuizen, Wilma Heemsbergen, Anke M. van Mourik, Corine van Vliet-Vroegindeweij. (2010) Clinical Applicability of Cone-Beam Computed Tomography in Monitoring Seroma Volume Change During Breast Irradiation. International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics 78:1, 119-126
CrossRef51
Monica Morrow. (2010) Trends in the Surgical Treatment of Breast Cancer. The Breast Journal 16, S17-S19
CrossRef52
Simon Powell. (2010) Radiotherapy for Breast Cancer in the 21st Century. The Breast Journal 16, S34-S38
CrossRef53
Mark Trombetta, Thomas B. Julian, Vladimir Valakh, Larisa Greenberg, George Labban, Mian K. Khalid, E. Day Werts, David Parda. (2010) Reduction in Radiation-Induced Morbidity by Use of an Intercurrent Boost in the Management of Early-Stage Breast Cancer. International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics 77:5, 1303-1308
CrossRef54
Frederik Wenz, Grit Welzel, Elena Blank, Brigitte Hermann, Volker Steil, Marc Sütterlin, Uta Kraus-Tiefenbacher. (2010) Intraoperative Radiotherapy as a Boost During Breast-Conserving Surgery Using Low-Kilovoltage X-Rays: The First 5 Years of Experience With a Novel Approach. International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics 77:5, 1309-1314
CrossRef55
Marc A Bollet, Youlia M Kirova, Alain Fourquet, Patricia de Cremoux, Fabien Reyal. (2010) Prognostic factors for local recurrence following breast-conserving treatment in young women. Expert Review of Anticancer Therapy 10:8, 1215-1227
CrossRef56
M. Herbolsheimer, A. Gaußmann. (2010) Brusterhaltung beim Mammakarzinom. Der Onkologe 16:8, 802-803
CrossRef57
Jonathan B. Strauss, Benjamin T. Gielda, Sea S. Chen, Anand P. Shah, Ross A. Abrams, Katherine L. Griem. (2010) Variation in Post-Surgical Lumpectomy Cavity Volume With Delay in Initiation of Breast Irradiation Because of Chemotherapy. International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics 77:3, 831-835
CrossRef58
Atif Khan, Bruce G. Haffty. (2010) Hypofractionation in adjuvant breast radiotherapy. The Breast 19:3, 168-171
CrossRef59
Lorenzo Livi, Fabrizio Banci Buonamici, Gabriele Simontacchi, Vieri Scotti, Massimiliano Fambrini, Antonella Compagnucci, Fabiola Paiar, Silvia Scoccianti, Stefania Pallotta, Beatrice Detti, Benedetta Agresti, Cinzia Talamonti, Monica Mangoni, Simonetta Bianchi, Luigi Cataliotti, Livia Marrazzo, Marta Bucciolini, Giampaolo Biti. (2010) Accelerated Partial Breast Irradiation With IMRT: New Technical Approach and Interim Analysis of Acute Toxicity in a Phase III Randomized Clinical Trial. International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics 77:2, 509-515
CrossRef60
K.L. Cheung, D.A.L. Morgan, L. Winterbottom, H. Richardson, I.O. Ellis, D. Porock. (2010) A vision to optimise the management of primary breast cancer in older women. The Breast 19:2, 153-155
CrossRef61
Tzu-I J. Yang, Paula H.M. Elkhuizen, Danny Minkema, Wilma Heemsbergen, Anke M. van Mourik, Jorien Cassee, Coen Hurkmans, Corine van Vliet-Vroegindeweij. (2010) Clinical Factors Associated With Seroma Volume Reduction in Breast-Conserving Therapy for Early-Stage Breast Cancer: A Multi-Institutional Analysis. International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics 76:5, 1325-1332
CrossRef62
E. Warner, E. Chow, A. Fairchild, E. Franssen, L. Paszat, E. Szumacher. (2010) Attitudes of Canadian Radiation Oncologists towards Post-lumpectomy Radiotherapy for Elderly Women with Stage I Hormone-responsive Breast Cancer. Clinical Oncology 22:2, 97-106
CrossRef63
Oreste Gentilini, Edoardo Botteri, Nicole Rotmensz, Antonio Toesca, Helio De Oliveira, Claudia Sangalli, Marco Colleoni, Mattia Intra, Viviana Galimberti, Paolo Veronesi, Alberto Luini, Umberto Veronesi. (2010) Breast-conserving surgery in 201 very young patients (<35 years). The Breast 19:1, 55-58
CrossRef64
Roland Reitsamer. (2010) New radiation therapy technique for breast cancer: should the IOERT boost be a standard technique?. Therapy 7:1, 77-80
CrossRef65
Ji Sun Kim, Hyeong-Gon Moon, Soo Kyung Ahn, Jun Won Min, Hee Chul Shin, Han Suk Kim, Cha Kyung Yeom, Sung Hwan Ha, Eui Kyu Chie, Wonshik Han, Dong Young Noh. (2010) Clinicopathological Characteristics and Factors Affecting Recurrence of Ductal Carcinoma In Situ in Korean Women. Journal of Breast Cancer 13:4, 392
CrossRef66
Mohammed Keshtgar, Michael Baum. (2010) A new approach to treating breast cancer combining tumor removal and intraoperative radiotherapy: is it viable?. Women's Health 6:1, 9-12
CrossRef67
M.S. Moran. (2010) Impact of Pathological Characteristics on Local Relapse After Breast-Conserving Therapy: A Subgroup Analysis of the EORTC Boost Versus No Boost Trial. Breast Diseases: A Year Book Quarterly 21:4, 323-324
CrossRef68
Tanja Alderliesten, Claudette Loo, Anita Paape, Sara Muller, Emiel Rutgers, Marie-Jeanne Vrancken Peeters, Kenneth Gilhuijs. (2010) On the feasibility of MRI-guided navigation to demarcate breast cancer for breast-conserving surgery. Medical Physics 37:6, 2617
CrossRef69
Uma Swamy, Hani Ashamalla, Adel Guirguis. (2009) A nationwide survey of radiation oncologists' management practices of radiation-induced skin reaction (RISK). Journal of Radiotherapy in Practice 8:04, 195
CrossRef70
M. D. Holmes, W. Y. Chen, S. E. Hankinson, W. C. Willett. (2009) Physical Activity's Impact on the Association of Fat and Fiber Intake With Survival After Breast Cancer. American Journal of Epidemiology 170:10, 1250-1256
CrossRef71
(2009) Prise en charge du cancer du sein infiltrant de la femme non ménopausée. Oncologie 11:11, 507-532
CrossRef72
Todd W. Flannery, Elizabeth M. Nichols, Sally B. Cheston, Kimberley J. Marter, Shahid A. Naqvi, Kristen M. Markham, Imran Ali, Majid M. Mohiuddin. (2009) Repeat Computed Tomography Simulation to Assess Lumpectomy Cavity Volume During Whole-Breast Irradiation. International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics 75:3, 751-756
CrossRef73
Heather E. Newlin, Daniel J. Indelicato, Patricia Abbitt, Julia Marshall, David Wymer, Stephen Grobmyer, Linda Haigh, Edward Copeland, Christopher G. Morris, Nancy P. Mendenhall. (2009) Does Surgical Closure Technique Affect Early Mammographic Detection of Tumor Recurrence After Breast-Conserving Therapy?. American Journal of Clinical Oncology 32:5, 499-503
CrossRef74
Shafak Al Uwini, Ninja Antonini, Philip M. Poortmans, Liesbeth Boersma, Coen Hurkmans, Jan Willem Leer, Jean-Claude Horiot, Henk Struikmans, Harry Bartelink. (2009) The influence of the use of CT-planning on the irradiated boost volume in breast conserving treatment. Radiotherapy and Oncology 93:1, 87-93
CrossRef75
Rajiv Sharma, Marnee Spierer, Subhakar Mutyala, Nitika Thawani, Hillel W. Cohen, Linda Hong, Madhur K. Garg, Shalom Kalnicki. (2009) Change in Seroma Volume During Whole-Breast Radiation Therapy. International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics 75:1, 89-93
CrossRef76
Pelagia G. Tsoutsou, Michael I. Koukourakis, David Azria, Yazid Belkacémi. (2009) Optimal timing for adjuvant radiation therapy in breast cancerA comprehensive review and perspectives. Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology 71:2, 102-116
CrossRef77
Benjamin D. Smith, Douglas W. Arthur, Thomas A. Buchholz, Bruce G. Haffty, Carol A. Hahn, Patricia H. Hardenbergh, Thomas B. Julian, Lawrence B. Marks, Dorin A. Todor, Frank A. Vicini, Timothy J. Whelan, Julia White, Jennifer Y. Wo, Jay R. Harris. (2009) Accelerated Partial Breast Irradiation Consensus Statement From the American Society for Radiation Oncology (ASTRO). International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics 74:4, 987-1001
CrossRef78
Robbert J.H.A. Tersteeg, Judith M. Roesink, Miriam Albregts, Carla C. Wárlám-Rodenhuis, Bram van Asselen. (2009) Changes in Excision Cavity Volume: Prediction of the Reduction in Absolute Volume During Breast Irradiation. International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics 74:4, 1181-1185
CrossRef79
K. E. Pengel, C. E. Loo, H. J. Teertstra, S. H. Muller, J. Wesseling, J. L. Peterse, H. Bartelink, E. J. Rutgers, K. G. A. Gilhuijs. (2009) The impact of preoperative MRI on breast-conserving surgery of invasive cancer: a comparative cohort study. Breast Cancer Research and Treatment 116:1, 161-169
CrossRef80
Joep Stroom, Angelique Schlief, Tanja Alderliesten, Hans Peterse, Harry Bartelink, Kenneth Gilhuijs. (2009) Using Histopathology Breast Cancer Data to Reduce Clinical Target Volume Margins at Radiotherapy. International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics 74:3, 898-905
CrossRef81
Jaroslaw T. Hepel, Suzanne B. Evans, Jessica R. Hiatt, Lori Lyn Price, Thomas DiPetrillo, David E. Wazer, Stephanie G. MacAusland. (2009) Planning the Breast Boost: Comparison of Three Techniques and Evolution of Tumor Bed During Treatment. International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics 74:2, 458-463
CrossRef82
D. Bottke, R. Dourdoumas, T. Wiegel, R. Kreienberg, G. Sauer. (2009) Intraoperative Strahlentherapie beim Mammakarzinom. Der Gynäkologe 42:6, 402-408
CrossRef83
A. Munshi, S. Kakkar, R. Bhutani, R. Jalali, A. Budrukkar, K.A. Dinshaw. (2009) Factors Influencing Cosmetic Outcome in Breast Conservation. Clinical Oncology 21:4, 285-293
CrossRef84
Miklós Kásler, Csaba Polgár, János Fodor. (2009) A korai emlőrák kezelésének aktuális helyzete. Orvosi Hetilap 150:22, 1013-1021
CrossRef85
H. O'Donnell, K. Cooke, N. Walsh, P.N. Plowman. (2009) Early Experience of Tomotherapy-based Intensity-modulated Radiotherapy for Breast Cancer Treatment. Clinical Oncology 21:4, 294-301
CrossRef86
B Cutuli, C Lemanski, A Fourquet, B de Lafontan, S Giard, A Meunier, R Pioud-Martigny, F Campana, H Marsiglia, S Lancrenon, E Mery, F Penault-Llorca, E Fondrinier, C Tunon de Lara. (2009) Breast-conserving surgery with or without radiotherapy vs mastectomy for ductal carcinoma in situ: French Survey experience. British Journal of Cancer 100:7, 1048-1054
CrossRef87
Jean-Philippe Pignol, Eileen Rakovitch, Brian M. Keller, Raxa Sankreacha, Carole Chartier. (2009) Tolerance and Acceptance Results of a Palladium-103 Permanent Breast Seed Implant Phase I/II Study. International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics 73:5, 1482-1488
CrossRef88
I.H. Kunkler, L.J. Williams, C.C. King, W. Jack. (2009) Breast Radiotherapy: Considerations in Older Patients. Clinical Oncology 21:2, 111-117
CrossRef89
Tanya S. Berrang, Pauline T. Truong, Carmen Popescu, Laura Drever, Hosam A. Kader, Michelle L. Hilts, Tracy Mitchell, Siew Yan Soh, Letricia Sands, Stuart Silver, Ivo A. Olivotto. (2009) 3D Ultrasound Can Contribute to Planning CT to Define the Target for Partial Breast Radiotherapy. International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics 73:2, 375-383
CrossRef90
B.M. Beadle. (2009) Postmastectomy Radiation Therapy for Lymph Node-Negative, Locally Advanced Breast Cancer After Modified Radical Mastectomy: Analysis of the NCI Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Database. Breast Diseases: A Year Book Quarterly 20:3, 326-327
CrossRef91
Atsushi Oouchi, Koh-ichi Sakata, Hideji Masuoka, Mitsuharu Tamakawa, Hisayasu Nagakura, Masanori Someya, Kensei Nakata, Kazuaki Asaishi, Minoru Okazaki, Yutaka Okazaki, Tousei Ohmura, Masato Hareyama, Masakazu Hori, Izuru Shimokawara, Akira Okazaki, Yoshiki Watanabe, Tsuyoshi Yamada, Tomokazu Yuyama, Taishi Satoh, Koichi Hirata. (2009) The treatment outcome of patients undergoing breast-conserving therapy: the clinical role of postoperative radiotherapy. Breast Cancer 16:1, 49-57
CrossRef92
Birgitte V. Offersen, Marie Overgaard, Niels Kroman, Jens Overgaard. (2009) Accelerated partial breast irradiation as part of breast conserving therapy of early breast carcinoma: A systematic review. Radiotherapy and Oncology 90:1, 1-13
CrossRef93
Joan Penninkhof, Sandra Quint, Hans de Boer, Jan Willem Mens, Ben Heijmen, Maarten Dirkx. (2009) Surgical clips for position verification and correction of non-rigid breast tissue in simultaneously integrated boost (SIB) treatments. Radiotherapy and Oncology 90:1, 110-115
CrossRef94
Philip M. Poortmans, Laurence Collette, Jean-Claude Horiot, Walter F. Van den Bogaert, Alain Fourquet, Abraham Kuten, Evert M. Noordijk, Willem Hoogenraad, René-Olivier Mirimanoff, Marianne Pierart, Erik Van Limbergen, Harry Bartelink. (2009) Impact of the boost dose of 10Gy versus 26Gy in patients with early stage breast cancer after a microscopically incomplete lumpectomy: 10-year results of the randomised EORTC boost trial. Radiotherapy and Oncology 90:1, 80-85
CrossRef95
Carsten Herskind, Jürgen Griebel, Uta Kraus-Tiefenbacher, Frederik Wenz. (2008) Sphere of Equivalence—A Novel Target Volume Concept for Intraoperative Radiotherapy Using Low-Energy X Rays. International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics 72:5, 1575-1581
CrossRef96
Girieca Lorusso, Curzio Rüegg. (2008) The tumor microenvironment and its contribution to tumor evolution toward metastasis. Histochemistry and Cell Biology 130:6, 1091-1103
CrossRef97
Rajko Topolnjak, Corine van Vliet-Vroegindeweij, Jan-Jakob Sonke, Danny Minkema, Peter Remeijer, Jasper Nijkamp, Paula Elkhuizen, Coen Rasch. (2008) Breast-Conserving Therapy: Radiotherapy Margins for Breast Tumor Bed Boost. International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics 72:3, 941-948
CrossRef98
Hellen Knauerhase, Manfred Strietzel, Bernd Gerber, Toralf Reimer, Rainer Fietkau. (2008) Tumor Location, Interval Between Surgery and Radiotherapy, and Boost Technique Influence Local Control After Breast-Conserving Surgery and Radiation: Retrospective Analysis of Monoinstitutional Long-Term Results. International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics 72:4, 1048-1055
CrossRef99
George H. Sakorafas, David R. Farley, George Peros. (2008) Recent advances and current controversies in the management of DCIS of the breast. Cancer Treatment Reviews 34:6, 483-497
CrossRef100
K.L. Cheung, A.W.S. Wong, H. Parker, V.W.Y. Li, L. Winterbottom, D.A.L. Morgan, I.O. Ellis. (2008) Pathological features of primary breast cancer in the elderly based on needle core biopsies—A large series from a single centre. Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology 67:3, 263-267
CrossRef101
Michael Braun, Martin Pölcher, Simone Schrading, Oliver Zivanovic, Theresa Kowalski, Uta Flucke, Claudia Leutner, Tong-Wong Park-Simon, Christian Rudlowski, Walther Kuhn, Christiane K. Kuhl. (2008) Influence of preoperative MRI on the surgical management of patients with operable breast cancer. Breast Cancer Research and Treatment 111:1, 179-187
CrossRef102
Juan Haba-Rodriguez, Emilio Alba, Agustí Barnadas, Eloisa Bayo, Antonio Llombart, Ana Lluch, Miguel Martín, José Andrés Moreno-Nogueira, Gumersindo Pérez Manga, Álvaro Rodríguez-Lescure, Enrique Aranda. (2008) Diagnosis and medical treatment of breast cancer. Cordoba Consensus of 2007. Clinical and Translational Oncology 10:9, 552-559
CrossRef103
Yaw S CHIN, Lois BROWNE, Peter H GRAHAM. (2008) Breast conservation for ductal carcinoma in situ : Results at an Australian institution with evidence to recommend prospective assessment of the utility of a lumpectomy boost. Asia-Pacific Journal of Clinical Oncology 4:3, 137-142
CrossRef104
Bas Kreike, Augustinus A.M. Hart, Tony van de Velde, Jacques Borger, Hans Peterse, Emiel Rutgers, Harry Bartelink, Marc J. van de Vijver. (2008) Continuing Risk of Ipsilateral Breast Relapse After Breast-Conserving Therapy at Long-Term Follow-up. International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics 71:4, 1014-1021
CrossRef105
R. M. Mann, C. K. Kuhl, K. Kinkel, C. Boetes. (2008) Breast MRI: guidelines from the European Society of Breast Imaging. European Radiology 18:7, 1307-1318
CrossRef106
X. Wang, L. Chao, G. Ma, L. Chen, B. Tian, Y. Zang, J. Sun. (2008) Increased expression of osteopontin in patients with triple-negative breast cancer. European Journal of Clinical Investigation 38:6, 438-446
CrossRef107
M. Herbolsheimer. (2008) Ist die Teilbrustbestrahlung beim Mammakarzinom eine sinnvolle Innovation?. Der Onkologe 14:6, 630-632
CrossRef108
Arpad Kovacs, Janaki Hadjiev, Ferenc Lakosi, Csaba Glavak, Gergely Antal, Peter Bogner, Akos Horvath, Imre Repa. (2008) Comparison of Photon with Electron Boost in Treatment of Early Stage Breast Cancer. Pathology & Oncology Research 14:2, 193-197
CrossRef109
C. Matuschek, W. Budach. (2008) Strahlentherapie des Mammakarzinoms. Der Onkologe 14:5, 497-503
CrossRef110
B.M. Beadle. (2008) Effect of age and radiation dose on local control after breast conserving treatment: EORTC trial 22881-10882. Breast Diseases: A Year Book Quarterly 19:1, 66-67
CrossRef111
P. Varghese, J.M. Gattuso, A.I.H. Mostafa, A.T. Abdel-Rahman, K.C. Shenton, D.A. Ryan, J.L. Jones, C.A. Wells, G. Mair, A.K. Kakkar, R. Carpenter. (2008) The role of radiotherapy in treating small early invasive breast cancer. European Journal of Surgical Oncology (EJSO) 34:4, 369-376
CrossRef112
Y. Kim, W. A. Tomé. (2008) On Voxel Based Iso-Tumor-Control Probability and Iso-Complication Maps for Selective Boosting and Selective Avoidance Intensity-Modulated Radiotherapy. Imaging Decisions MRI 12:1, 42-50
CrossRef113
Maurice Y. Nahabedian, Bahram Momen. (2008) The Impact of Breast Reconstruction on the Oncologic Efficacy of Radiation Therapy. Annals of Plastic Surgery 60:3, 244-250
CrossRef114
Harry Bartelink, Rodrigo Arriagada. (2008) Hypofractionation in radiotherapy for breast cancer. The Lancet 371:9618, 1050-1052
CrossRef115
Matti Aapro. (2008) State of the art therapy for elderly patients with early-stage and locally advanced breast cancer. European Journal of Cancer Supplements 6:4, 22-27
CrossRef116
Andrew O. Wahl, Alfred Rademaker, Krystyna D. Kiel, Ellen L. Jones, Lawrence B. Marks, Victoria Croog, Beryl M. McCormick, Arica Hirsch, Ami Karkar, Sabin B. Motwani, Welela Tereffe, Tse-Kuan Yu, David Sher, Joshua Silverstein, Lisa A. Kachnic, Christy Kesslering, Gary M. Freedman, William Small. (2008) Multi-Institutional Review of Repeat Irradiation of Chest Wall and Breast for Recurrent Breast Cancer. International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics 70:2, 477-484
CrossRef117
Rakesh Jalali, Rohit Malde, Ritu Bhutani, Ashwini Budrukkar, Rajendra Badwe, Rajiv Sarin. (2008) Prospective evaluation of concomitant tumour bed boost with whole breast irradiation in patients with locally advanced breast cancer undergoing breast-conserving therapy. The Breast 17:1, 64-70
CrossRef118
Rodrigo Arriagada, Céline Bourgier. (2008) Effect of radiation dose on local control in breast cancer. Radiotherapy and Oncology 86:2, 285-286
CrossRef119
David J. Sher, Eve Wittenberg, Alphonse G. Taghian, Jennifer R. Bellon, Rinaa S. Punglia. (2008) Partial Breast Irradiation Versus Whole Breast Radiotherapy for Early-Stage Breast Cancer: A Decision Analysis. International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics 70:2, 469-476
CrossRef120
Roland Reitsamer, Felix Sedlmayer, Michael Kopp, Gerhard Kametriser, Christian Menzel, Silvia Glueck, Olaf Nairz, Heinz Deutschmann, Florian Merz, Florentia Peintinger. (2008) Concepts and techniques of intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT) for breast cancer. Breast Cancer 15:1, 40-46
CrossRef121
B.D. Smith. (2008) The impact of comorbidities on outcomes for elderly women treated with breast-conservation treatment for early-stage breast cancer. Breast Diseases: A Year Book Quarterly 19:3, 249-250
CrossRef122
Miwako Nozaki, Miho Kawashima. (2008) Short-course radiotherapy for the whole breast after breast conserving surgery. Breast Cancer 15:1, 80-85
CrossRef123
Philip Meijnen, Hester S. A. Oldenburg, Johannes L. Peterse, Harry Bartelink, Emiel J. Th. Rutgers. (2008) Clinical Outcome after Selective Treatment of Patients Diagnosed with Ductal Carcinoma In Situ of the Breast. Annals of Surgical Oncology 15:1, 235-243
CrossRef124
Heunglae Cho, Cheoljin Kim, Sungkwang Park, Minkyung Oh, Jinyong Lee, Kijung Ahn. (2008) Clinical Outcome after Breast Conserving Surgery and Radiation Therapy for Early Breast Cancer. The Journal of the Korean Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology 26:4, 204
CrossRef125
Mary Morrogh, Patrick I. Borgen, Tari A. King. (2007) The Importance of Local Control in Early-Stage Breast Cancer: A Historical Review and a Discussion of Ongoing Issues. Annals of Surgical Oncology 14:12, 3310-3320
CrossRef126
Giampiero Ausili Cèfaro, Domenico Genovesi, Rita Marchese, Monica Di Tommaso, Federica Di Febo, Enzo Ballone, Marta Di Nicola. (2007) The Effect of Delaying Adjuvant Radiation Treatment after Conservative Surgery for Early Breast Cancer. The Breast Journal 13:6, 575-580
CrossRef127
Csaba Polgár, János Fodor, Tibor Major, György Németh, Katalin Lövey, Zsolt Orosz, Zoltán Sulyok, Zoltán Takácsi-Nagy, Miklós Kásler. (2007) Breast-Conserving Treatment With Partial or Whole Breast Irradiation for Low-Risk Invasive Breast Carcinoma—5-Year Results of a Randomized Trial. International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics 69:3, 694-702
CrossRef128
B Sigal-Zafrani, M A Bollet, G Antoni, A Savignoni, A Vincent-Salomon, J-Y Pierga, R Salmon, X Sastre-Garau, A Fourquet. (2007) Are ipsilateral breast tumour invasive recurrences in young (
40 years) women more aggressive than their primary tumours?. British Journal of Cancer 97:8, 1046-1052
CrossRef129
Chiara Del Frate, Ludovica Borghese, Carla Cedolini, Alexia Bestagno, Fabio Puglisi, Miriam Isola, Franca Soldano, Massimo Bazzocchi. (2007) Role of pre-surgical breast MRI in the management of invasive breast carcinoma. The Breast 16:5, 469-481
CrossRef130
Rolf Sauer, Marie-Luise Sautter-Bihl, Wilfried Budach, Petra Feyer, Wolfgang Harms, Rainer Souchan, Diethelm Wollwiener, Rolf Kreienberg, Frederik Wenz. (2007) Accelerated partial breast irradiation. Cancer 110:6, 1187-1194
CrossRef131
Harry Bartelink. (2007) Radiotherapy for breast cancer. European Journal of Cancer Supplements 5:5, 434-435
CrossRef132
J. Eucker, C. Matuschek, W. Budach, K. Possinger. (2007) Mammakarzinom bei alten Patientinnen. Der Onkologe 13:9, 831-839
CrossRef133
Masafumi Notani, Nobue Uchida, Hajime Kitagaki. (2007) Role of 10-Gy boost radiation after breast-conserving surgery for stage I–II breast cancer with a 5-mm negative margin. International Journal of Clinical Oncology 12:4, 261-267
CrossRef134
Tsz-Kok Yau, Inda S. Soong, K. Chan, M. Chan, P. Cheung, H.W. Lau, Amy T.Y. Chang, Anne W.M. Lee. (2007) Clinical Outcome of Breast Conservation Therapy for Breast Cancer in Hong Kong: Prognostic Impact of Ipsilateral Breast Tumor Recurrence and 2005 St. Gallen Risk Categories. International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics 68:3, 667-672
CrossRef135
J. Keith DeWyngaert, Gabor Jozsef, James Mitchell, Barry Rosenstein, Silvia C. Formenti. (2007) Accelerated Intensity-Modulated Radiotherapy to Breast in Prone Position: Dosimetric Results. International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics 68:4, 1251-1259
CrossRef136
Hans Paul van der Laan, Wil V. Dolsma, John H. Maduro, Erik W. Korevaar, Miranda Hollander, Johannes A. Langendijk. (2007) Three-Dimensional Conformal Simultaneously Integrated Boost Technique for Breast-Conserving Radiotherapy. International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics 68:4, 1018-1023
CrossRef137
Philip Poortmans. (2007) Evidence based radiation oncology: Breast cancer. Radiotherapy and Oncology 84:1, 84-101
CrossRef138
Fernando Tjin Asjoe, Sevilay Altintas, Manon. T. Huizing, Cecile Colpaert, Erik Van Marck, Jan B. Vermorken, Wiebren A. Tjalma. (2007) The Value of the Van Nuys Prognostic Index in Ductal Carcinoma In Situ of the Breast: A Retrospective Analysis. The Breast Journal 13:4, 359-367
CrossRef139
Jayant S Vaidya. (2007) Partial breast irradiation using targeted intraoperative radiotherapy (Targit). Nature Clinical Practice Oncology 4:7, 384-385
CrossRef140
Eleftherios P. Mamounas. (2007) Ipsilateral Breast Tumor Recurrence Following Lumpectomy: Evolving Concepts. Breast Diseases: A Year Book Quarterly 18:2, 124-127
CrossRef141
Michelle D. Holmes, Susan Murin, Wendy Y. Chen, Candyce H. Kroenke, Donna Spiegelman, Graham A. Colditz. (2007) Smoking and survival after breast cancer diagnosis. International Journal of Cancer 120:12, 2672-2677
CrossRef142
Punglia, Rinaa S., Morrow, Monica, Winer, Eric P., Harris, Jay R., . (2007) Local Therapy and Survival in Breast Cancer. New England Journal of Medicine 356:23, 2399-2405
Full Text143
Gary M. Freedman, Penny R. Anderson, Lori J. Goldstein, Chang-Ming Ma, Jinsheng Li, Ramona F. Swaby, Samuel Litwin, Deborah Watkins-Bruner, Elin R. Sigurdson, Monica Morrow. (2007) Four-Week Course of Radiation for Breast Cancer Using Hypofractionated Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy With an Incorporated Boost. International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics 68:2, 347-353
CrossRef144
A.T. Bates, C.-L. Swift, W. Kwa, V. Moravan, C. Aquino-Parsons. (2007) A Computed Tomography-based Protocol vs Conventional Clinical Mark-up for Breast Electron Boost. Clinical Oncology 19:5, 349-355
CrossRef145
Marloes van der Leest, Lisette Evers, Maurice J. C. van der Sangen, Philip M. Poortmans, Lonneke V. van de Poll-Franse, Ans J. Vulto, Grard A. P. Nieuwenhuijzen, Stefan J. Brenninkmeijer, Geert-Jan Creemers, Adri C. Voogd. (2007) The safety of breast-conserving therapy in patients with breast cancer aged ≤40 years. Cancer 109:10, 1957-1964
CrossRef146
Daniel Indelicato, Stephen R. Grobmyer, Heather Newlin, Christopher G. Morris, Linda S. Haigh, Edward M. Copeland, Nancy Price Mendenhall. (2007) Association between operative closure type and acute infection, local recurrence, and disease surveillance in patients undergoing breast conserving therapy for early-stage breast cancer. Surgery 141:5, 645-653
CrossRef147
Paul Van Houtte, Nicolas Bourgois, Françoise Renard, Philippe Huget, William D’hoore, Pierre Scalliet. (2007) A federal audit of the Belgian radiotherapy departments in breast cancer treatment. Radiotherapy and Oncology 83:2, 178-186
CrossRef148
Florian Fitzal, Otto Riedl, Lisa Wutzl, Wolfgang Draxler, Margaretha Rudas, Ursula Pluschnig, Leonore Handl-Zeller, Peter Dubsky, Thomas Bachleitner-Hofmann, Günther Steger, Raimund Jakesz, Michael Gnant. (2007) Breast-conserving surgery for T3/T4 breast cancer: an analysis of 196 patients. Breast Cancer Research and Treatment 103:1, 45-52
CrossRef149
M. Govindan, W.A. Woodward. (2007) 1–46 Tumor Bed Boost Omission After Negative Re-Excision in Breast-Conservation Treatment. Breast Diseases: A Year Book Quarterly 18:1, 81-82
CrossRef150
S. Rückert, M.R. Lenhard, S. Hasmüller, S. Kahlert, K. Friese, I. Bauerfeind. (2007) Neuigkeiten zur Therapie des Mammakarzinoms. Der Gynäkologe 40:4, 295-302
CrossRef151
C.A. Perez. (2007) 1–48 Isolated loco-regional recurrence of breast cancer is more common in young patients and following breast conserving therapy: Long-term results of European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer studies. Breast Diseases: A Year Book Quarterly 18:1, 83-84
CrossRef152
Geneviève Coulombe, Scott Tyldesley, Caroline Speers, Chuck Paltiel, Christina Aquino-Parsons, Vanessa Bernstein, Pauline T. Truong, Mira Keyes, Ivo A. Olivotto. (2007) Is Mastectomy Superior to Breast-Conserving Treatment for Young Women?. International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics 67:5, 1282-1290
CrossRef153
G Giotopoulos, R P Symonds, K Foweraker, M Griffin, I Peat, A Osman, M Plumb. (2007) The late radiotherapy normal tissue injury phenotypes of telangiectasia, fibrosis and atrophy in breast cancer patients have distinct genotype-dependent causes. British Journal of Cancer 96:6, 1001-1007
CrossRef154
Philip Poortmans. (2007) A bright future for radiotherapy in breast cancer. Radiotherapy and Oncology 82:3, 243-246
CrossRef155
Lorenzo Livi, Fabiola Paiar, Calogero Saieva, Silvia Scoccianti, Dora Dicosmo, Simona Borghesi, Benedetta Agresti, Fabiano Nosi, Lorenzo Orzalesi, Roberto Santini, Raffaella Barca, Giampaolo P. Biti. (2007) Survival and breast relapse in 3834 patients with T1-T2 breast cancer after conserving surgery and adjuvant treatment. Radiotherapy and Oncology 82:3, 287-293
CrossRef156
Marc A. Bollet, Brigitte Sigal-Zafrani, Valérie Mazeau, Alexia Savignoni, Anne de la Rochefordière, Anne Vincent-Salomon, Rémy Salmon, François Campana, Youlia M. Kirova, Rémi Dendale, Alain Fourquet. (2007) Age remains the first prognostic factor for loco-regional breast cancer recurrence in young (<40 years) women treated with breast conserving surgery first. Radiotherapy and Oncology 82:3, 272-280
CrossRef157
Ninja Antonini, Heather Jones, Jean Claude Horiot, Philip Poortmans, Henk Struikmans, Walter Van den Bogaert, Isabelle Barillot, Alain Fourquet, Jos Jager, Willem Hoogenraad, Laurence Collette, Marianne Pierart, Guus Hart, Harry Bartelink. (2007) Effect of age and radiation dose on local control after breast conserving treatment: EORTC trial 22881-10882. Radiotherapy and Oncology 82:3, 265-271
CrossRef158
Shannon M MacDonald, Alphonse G Taghian. (2007) Partial–breast irradiation: towards a replacement for whole–breast irradiation?. Expert Review of Anticancer Therapy 7:2, 123-134
CrossRef159
R. J. Bleicher, M. Morrow. (2007) Management of close margins in invasive breast cancer. Breast Cancer Online 10:02,
CrossRef160
R. Orecchia, P. Fossati. (2007) Partial breast irradiation: Ready for routine?. The Breast 16, 89-97
CrossRef161
Gregory M. Chronowski, Thomas A. Buchholz. (2007) Accelerated Partial Breast Irradiation. Current Problems in Cancer 31:1, 7-25
CrossRef162
J.G.H. van Nes, C.J.H. van de Velde. (2006) The preferred treatment for young women with breast cancer - mastectomy versus breast conservation. The Breast 15, S3-S10
CrossRef163
V. Suzanne Klimberg, Julie Kepple, Gal Shafirstein, Laura Adkins, Ronda Henry-Tillman, Emad Youssef, Jorge Brito, Lori Talley, Soheila Korourian. (2006) eRFA: Excision Followed by RFA—a New Technique to Improve Local Control in Breast Cancer. Annals of Surgical Oncology 13:11, 1422-1433
CrossRef164
Jayant S. Vaidya. (2006) In favour of partial breast irradiation in selected patients and a well-directed intraoperative boost. The Breast 15:5, 581-583
CrossRef165
Guenther Gruber. (2006) Is a radiotherapy boost truly beneficial? – Author's reply. The Lancet Oncology 7:10, 796-797
CrossRef166
Kefah Mokbel, Bruno Cutuli. (2006) Heterogeneity of ductal carcinoma in situ and its effects on management. The Lancet Oncology 7:9, 756-765
CrossRef167
P. Therasse, S. Carbonnelle, J. Bogaerts. (2006) Clinical trials design and treatment tailoring: General principles applied to breast cancer research. Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology 59:2, 98-105
CrossRef168
Giampiero Ausili Cèfaro, Domenico Genovesi, Rita Marchese, Lucia Anna Ursini, Ettore Cianchetti, Enzo Ballone, Marta Di Nicola. (2006) Predictors of local recurrence after conservative surgery and whole-breast irradiation. Breast Cancer Research and Treatment 98:3, 329-335
CrossRef169
Ketayun A. Dinshaw, Rajiv Sarin, Ashwini N. Budrukkar, Shyam Kishore Shrivastava, Deepak Dattatraya Deshpande, Roshan F. Chinoy, Rajendra Badwe, Rohini Hawaldar. (2006) Safety and feasibility of breast conserving therapy in Indian women: Two decades of experience at Tata Memorial Hospital. Journal of Surgical Oncology 94:2, 105-113
CrossRef170
J. Bernier, G. Viale, R. Orecchia, B. Ballardini, A. Richetti, L. Bronz, A. Franzetti-Pellanda, M. Intra, U. Veronesi. (2006) Partial irradiation of the breast: Old challenges, new solutions. The Breast 15:4, 466-475
CrossRef171
Felipe A. Calvo, Rosa M. Meirino, Roberto Orecchia. (2006) Intraoperative radiation therapy. Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology 59:2, 116-127
CrossRef172
Naoyuki Shigematsu, Atsuya Takeda, Naoko Sanuki, Junichi Fukada, Takashi Uno, Hisao Ito, Osamu Kawaguchi, Etsuo Kunieda, Atsushi Kubo. (2006) Radiation therapy after breast-conserving surgery. Radiation Medicine 24:5, 388-404
CrossRef173
Eva C. Gombos, Daniel F. Kacher, Hidemi Furusawa, Kiyoshi Namba. (2006) Breast Focused Ultrasound Surgery With Magnetic Resonance Guidance. Topics in Magnetic Resonance Imaging 17:3, 181-188
CrossRef174
R. Jagsi, A. Makris, S. Goldberg, A. Taghian. (2006) Intra-European Differences in the Radiotherapeutic Management of Breast Cancer: A Survey Study. Clinical Oncology 18:5, 369-375
CrossRef175
Douglas W. Arthur, Laurie W. Cuttino, Andrew C. Neuschatz, Derrick T. Koo, Monica M. Morris, Harry D. Bear, Brian J. Kaplan, Kathy Dawson, David E. Wazer. (2006) Tumor Bed Boost Omission After Negative Re-Excision in Breast-Conservation Treatment. Annals of Surgical Oncology 13:6, 794-801
CrossRef176
Roland Reitsamer, Felix Sedlmayer, Michael Kopp, Gerhard Kametriser, Christian Menzel, Heinz Deutschmann, Olaf Nairz, Wolfgang Hitzl, Florentia Peintinger. (2006) The Salzburg concept of intraoperative radiotherapy for breast cancer: Results and considerations. International Journal of Cancer 118:11, 2882-2887
CrossRef177
H.-J. Ochel. (2006) A simple measure of reliability in clinical trials of surgical adjuvant radiotherapy. European Journal of Surgical Oncology (EJSO) 32:4, 395-399
CrossRef178
Tomoyoshi Suzuki, Masakazu Toi, Shigehira Saji, Kazumi Horiguchi, Tomoyuki Aruga, Eiji Suzuki, Shinichiro Horiguchi, Nobuaki Funata, Katsuyuki Karasawa, Noriko Kamata. (2006) Early breast cancer. International Journal of Clinical Oncology 11:2, 108-119
CrossRef179
J.S. Tobias, J.S. Vaidya, M. Keshtgar, M. Douek, M. Metaxas, C. Stacey, R. Sainsbury, D. D'Souza, M. Baum. (2006) Breast-conserving Surgery with Intra-operative Radiotherapy: The Right Approach for the 21st Century?. Clinical Oncology 18:3, 220-228
CrossRef180
Roberto Orecchia, Alberto Luini, Paolo Veronesi, Mario Ciocca, Silvia Franzetti, Giovanni Gatti, U Veronesi. (2006) Electron intraoperative treatment in patients with early-stage breast cancer: data update. Expert Review of Anticancer Therapy 6:4, 605-611
CrossRef181
P. Graham, A. Fourquet. (2006) Placing the Boost in Breast-conservation Radiotherapy: A Review of the Role, Indications and Techniques for Breast-boost Radiotherapy. Clinical Oncology 18:3, 210-219
CrossRef182
Hiromichi Ishiyama, Keiji Niino, Takaaki Hosoya, Kazushige Hayakawa. (2006) Results of a questionnaire survey for symptom of late complications caused by radiotherapy in breast conserving therapy. Breast Cancer 13:2, 197-201
CrossRef183
A. Tutt, J. Yarnold. (2006) Radiobiology of Breast Cancer. Clinical Oncology 18:3, 166-178
CrossRef184
Susan A. McCloskey, Leslie E. Botnick, Christopher M. Rose, Arnold W. Malcolm, Mary Lou Ozohan, Raul Mena, Lupe Llamas, May Lin Tao. (2006) Long-term Outcomes after Breast Conservation Therapy for Early Stage Breast Cancer in a Community Setting. The Breast Journal 12:2, 138-144
CrossRef185
Eline E. Deurloo, William F. A. Klein Zeggelink, H. Jelle Teertstra, Johannes L. Peterse, Emiel J. Th. Rutgers, Sara H. Muller, Harry Bartelink, Kenneth G. A. Gilhuijs. (2006) Contrast-enhanced MRI in breast cancer patients eligible for breast-conserving therapy: complementary value for subgroups of patients. European Radiology 16:3, 692-701
CrossRef186
J. Widder, R. Pötter. (2006) Surgical oncology from a radio-oncological perspective. European Surgery 38:1, 33-37
CrossRef187
Rainer Souchon. (2006) Adjuvant Radiotherapy in Breast Cancer. Breast Care 1:4, 259-263
CrossRef188
Ji-Yoon Kim, Yeon-Sil Kim, Mi-Ryung Ryu, Sung-Whan Kim, Chul-Seung Kay, Sei-Chul Yoon, Woo-Chan Park, Byung-Joo Song, Se-Jeong Oh, Sang-Seol Jung, Jong-Man Won, Seung-Nam Kim, Su-Mi Chung. (2006) The Effect of Simulation on Recurrence after Breast-Conserving Surgery and Radiotherapy: Preliminary Results. Cancer Research and Treatment 38:1, 40
CrossRef189
Bruno Cutuli, Paul Henri Cottu, Jean Paul Guastalla, Hubert Mechin, Anne Costa, Rosemary Jourdan. (2006) A French national survey on infiltrating breast cancer: analysis of clinico-pathological features and treatment modalities in 1159 patients. Breast Cancer Research and Treatment 95:1, 55-64
CrossRef190
Vratislav Strnad. (2006) Intraoperative Radiotherapy (IORT) with 50-kV X-Ray Machines as Boost in Breast Cancer – More Questions than Answers. Onkologie 29:3, 73-75
CrossRef191
Jennifer R. Bellon, Jay R. Harris. (2005) What extent of radiation therapy is standard?. The Breast 14:6, 532-540
CrossRef192
Stefan Aebi. (2005) Special issues related to the adjuvant therapy in very young women. The Breast 14:6, 594-599
CrossRef193
Inmaculada Beato Tortajada, Jose Luis Guinot Rodríguez, Leoncio Arribas Alpuente, Manuel Aguayo Martos, María Carrascosa Pérez, Maribel Tortajada Azcutia, Pedro Pablo Escolar Pérez, María Maroñas Martín, Marisa Chust Vicente, José Luis Mengual Cloquell, Carmen Pesudo Ayet y Manuel Casaña Giner. (2005) Sobreimpresión en fracción única con braquiterapia intersticial de alta tasa en el tratamiento conservador del carcinoma de mama. Clinical and Translational Oncology 7:9, 404-408
CrossRef194
María Concepción López Carrizosa, Pilar María Samper Ots, Carmen Vallejo Ocaña, Aurora Rodríguez Pérez, Juan de Dios Sáez Garrido, José María Delgado Pérez. (2005) Early stage breast cancer conserving treatment: High dose rate brachytherapy boost to the tumour bed. Clinical and Translational Oncology 7:8, 344-350
CrossRef195
R. Kaas, A.A.M. Hart, E.J.Th. Rutgers. (2005) The impact of the physician on the accrual to randomized clinical trials in patients with primary operable breast cancer. The Breast 14:4, 310-316
CrossRef196
Michael Fatouros, Dimitrios H Roukos, Ioannis Arampatzis, Alexandros Sotiriadis, Evangelos Paraskevaidis, Angelos M Kappas. (2005) Factors increasing local recurrence in breast-conserving surgery. Expert Review of Anticancer Therapy 5:4, 737-745
CrossRef197
Javier Jurado, Paul D. Thompson. (2005) Prevention of coronary artery disease in cancer patients. Pediatric Blood & Cancer 44:7, 620-624
CrossRef198
Thomas E. Goffman, Heather Schneider, Karen Hay, David E. Elkins, Robert A. Schnarrs, Claire Carman. (2005) Cosmesis with Bilateral Mammoreduction for Conservative Breast Cancer Treatment. The Breast Journal 11:3, 195-198
CrossRef199
Umberto Veronesi, Peter Boyle, Aron Goldhirsch, Roberto Orecchia, Giuseppe Viale. (2005) Breast cancer. The Lancet 365:9472, 1727-1741
CrossRef200
Silvia C. Formenti. (2005) External-beam partial-breast irradiation. Seminars in Radiation Oncology 15:2, 92-99
CrossRef201
Kumiko Karasawa, Michihide Mitsumori, Chikako Yamauchi, Kotaro Gomi, Masaaki Kataoka, Takayoshi Uematsu, Takeshi Kodaira, Michitaka Yamakawa, Katsuyuki Karasawa, Toshikazu Watanabe, Kayoko Tsujino, Masahiro Hiraoka. (2005) Treatment outcome of breast-conserving therapy in patients with positive or close resection margins: Japanese multi institute survey for radiation dose effect. Breast Cancer 12:2, 91-98
CrossRef202
Csaba Polgár, Vratislav Strnad, Tibor Major. (2005) Brachytherapy for partial breast irradiation: The European experience. Seminars in Radiation Oncology 15:2, 116-122
CrossRef203
R. Souchon, G. Ansorge, J. Dunst. (2005) Postoperative Strahlentherapie beim invasiven Mammakarzinom. Der Onkologe 11:4, 457-470
CrossRef204
Abram Recht. (2005) Lessons of studies of breast-conserving therapy with and without whole-breast irradiation for patient selection for partial-breast irradiation. Seminars in Radiation Oncology 15:2, 123-132
CrossRef205
Jayant S. Vaidya, Jeffrey S. Tobias, Michael Baum, Frederik Wenz, Uta Kraus-Tiefenbacher, Derek D’Souza, Mohammed Keshtgar, Samuele Massarut, Basil Hilaris, Christobel Saunders, David Joseph. (2005) TARGeted Intraoperative radiotherapy (TARGIT): An innovative approach to partial-breast irradiation. Seminars in Radiation Oncology 15:2, 84-91
CrossRef206
Roberto Orecchia, Umberto Veronesi. (2005) Intraoperative electrons. Seminars in Radiation Oncology 15:2, 76-83
CrossRef207
Peter J. Lee, Rajiv Mallik. (2005) Cardiovascular Effects of Radiation Therapy. Cardiology in Review 13:2, 80-86
CrossRef208
Allen M. Chen, Funda Meric-Bernstam, Kelly K. Hunt, Howard D. Thames, Elesyia D. Outlaw, Eric A. Strom, Marsha D. McNeese, Henry M. Kuerer, Merrick I. Ross, S. Eva Singletary, Fredrick C. Ames, Barry W. Feig, Aysegul A. Sahin, George H. Perkins, Gildy Babiera, Gabriel N. Hortobagyi, Thomas A. Buchholz. (2005) Breast conservation after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Cancer 103:4, 689-695
CrossRef209
Geoff Delaney. (2005) Recent advances in the use of radiotherapy to treat early breast cancer. Current Opinion in Obstetrics and Gynecology 17:1, 27???33
CrossRef210
R Drummond, A Power, A Evans, K Luxford, D Blakey, G Delaney, A Rodger. (2005) Changes in practice of breast cancer radiotherapy 1998-2002: An Australasian survey. Australasian Radiology 49:1, 44-52
CrossRef211
Alexandra J. Stewart, Desmond A. O'Farrell, Jennifer R. Bellon, Jorgen L. Hansen, Catherine Duggan, Maria A. Czerminska, Robert A. Cormack, Phillip M. Devlin. (2005) CT computer-optimized high-dose-rate brachytherapy with surface applicator technique for scar boost radiation after breast reconstruction surgery. Brachytherapy 4:3, 224-229
CrossRef212
Tsutomu Kasugai, Yasuyuki Yoshida, Kunihiko Sakai, Tetsurou Baba, Naoki Takata, Akihiro Toyooka, Mika Nakauji, Reiko Kitazume, Kikuichi Nakagawa. (2004) Pathological approach to breast conserving therapy. Breast Cancer 11:4, 350-355
CrossRef213
Helen Pass, Frank A. Vicini, Larry L. Kestin, Neal S. Goldstein, David Decker, Jane Pettinga, John Ingold, Pamela Benitez, Kurt Neumann, Murray Rebner, Nayana Dekhne, Alvaro Martinez. (2004) Changes in management techniques and patterns of disease recurrence over time in patients with breast carcinoma treated with breast-conserving therapy at a single institution. Cancer 101:4, 713-720
CrossRef214
Mattia Intra, Roberto Orecchia, Umberto Veronesi. (2004) Intraoperative radiotherapy: the debate continues. The Lancet Oncology 5:6, 340
CrossRef215
Astrid Cuncins-Hearn, Christobel Saunders, David Walsh, Martin Borg, John Buckingham, Frank Frizelle, Guy Maddern. (2004) A Systematic Review of Intraoperative Radiotherapy in Early Breast Cancer. Breast Cancer Research and Treatment 85:3, 271-280
CrossRef216
Colin Furnival. (2004) Access to breast-conserving treatment: are surgeons responsible?. ANZ Journal of Surgery 74:6, 402-403
CrossRef217
W Xiong, J Li, L Chen, R A Price, G Freedman, M Ding, L Qin, J Yang, C-M Ma. (2004) Optimization of combined electron and photon beams for breast cancer. Physics in Medicine and Biology 49:10, 1973-1989
CrossRef218
Carson Leong, John Boyages, Upali W. Jayasinghe, Michael Bilous, Owen Ung, Boon Chua, Elizabeth Salisbury, Angela Y. Wong. (2004) Effect of margins on ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence after breast conservation therapy for lymph node-negative breast carcinoma. Cancer 100:9, 1823-1832
CrossRef219
Burstein, Harold J., Polyak, Kornelia, Wong, Julia S., Lester, Susan C., Kaelin, Carolyn M., . (2004) Ductal Carcinoma in Situ of the Breast. New England Journal of Medicine 350:14, 1430-1441
Full Text220
Harry Bartelink. (2004) Intraoperative radiotherapy for breast cancer: tail wagging the dog?. The Lancet Oncology 5:4, 207-208
CrossRef221
Alexandra M Easson, David R McCready. (2004) Management of local recurrence of breast cancer. Expert Review of Anticancer Therapy 4:2, 219-226
CrossRef222
Jayant S Vaidya, Jeffrey S Tobias, Michael Baum, Mohammed Keshtgar, David Joseph, Frederik Wenz, Joan Houghton, Christobel Saunders, Tammy Corica, Derek D'Souza, Richard Sainsbury, Samuele Massarut, Irving Taylor, Basil Hilaris. (2004) Intraoperative radiotherapy for breast cancer. The Lancet Oncology 5:3, 165-173
CrossRef223
P. Wallner, D. Arthur, H. Bartelink, J. Connolly, G. Edmundson, A. Giuliano, N. Goldstein, J. Hevezi, T. Julian, R. Kuske, A. Lichter, B. McCormick, R. Orecchia, L. Pierce, S. Powell, L. Solin, F. Vicini, T. Whelan, J. Wong, C. N. Coleman. (2004) Workshop on Partial Breast Irradiation: State of the Art and the Science, Bethesda, MD, December 8-10, 2002. JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute 96:3, 175-184
CrossRef224
Funda Meric-Bernstam. (2004) Breast conservation in breast cancer: surgical and adjuvant considerations. Current Opinion in Obstetrics and Gynecology 16:1, 31-36
CrossRef225
B. C. John Cho, Ben J. Mijnheer, Harry Bartelink. (2004) Determining optimal two-beam axial orientations for heart sparing in left-sided breast cancer patients. Medical Physics 31:1, 111
CrossRef226
Harry Bartelink. (2003) Radiotherapy to the conserved breast, chest wall, and regional nodes: is there a standard?. The Breast 12:6, 475-482
CrossRef227
Patrizia Olmi, Carlo Fallai, Anna Maria Cerrotta, Laura Lozza, Donatella Badii. (2003) Breast cancer in the elderly: the role of adjuvant radiation therapy. Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology 48:2, 165-178
CrossRef228
Carlos A. Perez. (2003) Conservation Therapy in T1-T2 Breast Cancer. The Cancer Journal 9:6, 442-453
CrossRef229
M Guerrero, X Allen Li. (2003) Analysis of a large number of clinical studies for breast cancer radiotherapy: estimation of radiobiological parameters for treatment planning. Physics in Medicine and Biology 48:20, 3307-3326
CrossRef230
Kumiko Karasawa, Takao Obara, Tadao Shimizu, Shunsuke Haga, Takahiro Okamoto, Yukio Ito, Takako Kamio, Tsunehito Kimura, Shingo Kameoka, Norio Mitsuhashi, Toshio Nishikawa, Motohiko Aiba, Masaru Izuo. (2003) Outcome of breast-conserving therapy in the Tokyo women’s medical university breast cancer society experience. Breast Cancer 10:4, 341-348
CrossRef231
J.M. Hannoun-Levi, A. Courdi, H. Marsiglia, M. Namer, J.P. Gerard. (2003) Breast Cancer in Elderly Women: is Partial Breast Irradiation a Good Alternative?. Breast Cancer Research and Treatment 81:3, 243-251
CrossRef232
Nimi L. Tuamokumo, Bruce G. Haffty. (2003) Clinical Outcome and Cosmesis in African-American Patients Treated with Conservative Surgery and Radiation Therapy. The Cancer Journal 9:4, 313-320
CrossRef233
J Loncaster, D Dodwell. (2003) Adjuvant Radiotherapy after Conservative Surgery for Breast Cancer: is it always Necessary?. Clinical Oncology 15:3, 139-143
CrossRef234
Setsuko Okumura, Michihide Mitsumori, Masaki Kokubo, Chikako Yamauchi, Sachiko Kawamura, Natsuo Oya, Yasushi Nagata, Masahiro Hiraoka. (2003) Late skin and subcutaneous soft tissue changes after 10-Gy boost for breast conserving therapy. Breast Cancer 10:2, 129-133
CrossRef235
Vittorio Donato, Maurizio Valeriani, Alfredo Zurlo. (2003) Short course radiation therapy for elderly cancer patients.. Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology 45:3, 305-311
CrossRef236
P Graham, A Capp, C Fox, E Nasser, G Delaney, V Ahern, C Wratten. (2003) Why a breast boost should remain a controversial aspect of routine breast conservation management in Australia and New Zealand in 2002. Australasian Radiology 47:1, 44-49
CrossRef237
Funda Meric, Nadeem Q. Mirza, Georges Vlastos, Thomas A. Buchholz, Henry M. Kuerer, Gildy V. Babiera, S. Eva Singletary, Merrick I. Ross, Frederick C. Ames, Barry W. Feig, Savitri Krishnamurthy, George H. Perkins, Marsha D. McNeese, Eric A. Strom, Vicente Valero, Kelly K. Hunt. (2003) Positive surgical margins and ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence predict disease-specific survival after breast-conserving therapy. Cancer 97:4, 926-933
CrossRef238
J Bernier. (2003) Radiotherapy in early breast disease: Current status and perspectives. Current Problems in Cancer 27:1, 17-23
CrossRef239
Andrew C. Neuschatz, Thomas DiPetrillo, Homa Safaii, Lori Lyn Price, Rupert K. Schmidt-Ullrich, David E. Wazer. (2003) Long-term follow-up of a prospective policy of margin-directed radiation dose escalation in breast-conserving therapy. Cancer 97:1, 30-39
CrossRef240
M. A. Ebert, B. Carruthers. (2003) Dosimetric characteristics of a low-kV intra-operative x-ray source: Implications for use in a clinical trial for treatment of low-risk breast cancer. Medical Physics 30:9, 2424
CrossRef241
Dimitrios H. Roukos, Angelos M. Kappas, Niki J. Agnantis. (2003) Perspectives and Risks of Breast-Conservation Therapy for Breast Cancer. Annals of Surgical Oncology 10:7, 718-721
CrossRef242
Shozo Ohsumi, Shigemitsu Takashima, Toshiaki Saeki, Kenjiro Aogi. (2002) Section 5. Breast. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy 56, 196-200
CrossRef243
Bruce G Haffty. (2002) Management of early-onset breast cancer and BRCA1 or BRCA2 status. The Lancet 360:9333, 640-641
CrossRef244
Rinaa S. Punglia, Jay R. Harris. (2002) Integrating surgery and radiotherapy to reduce toxicity while maintaining local control for breast cancer: A fine balance. Annals of Surgical Oncology 9:6, 526-528
CrossRef245
Janice K. Ryu. (2002) Radiotherapy for Breast Cancer: Today and Tomorrow. Cancer Biotherapy & Radiopharmaceuticals 17:3, 255-266
CrossRef246
(2002) Radiotherapy for Breast Cancer. New England Journal of Medicine 346:11, 862-864
Full Text
