Original Article
Impact of High-Normal Blood Pressure on the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease
N Engl J Med 2001; 345:1291-1297November 1, 2001
- Abstract
Background
Information is limited regarding the risk of cardiovascular disease in persons with high-normal blood pressure (systolic pressure of 130 to 139 mm Hg, diastolic pressure of 85 to 89 mm Hg, or both).
Methods
We investigated the association between blood-pressure category at base line and the incidence of cardiovascular disease on follow-up among 6859 participants in the Framingham Heart Study who were initially free of hypertension and cardiovascular disease.
Results
A stepwise increase in cardiovascular event rates was noted in persons with higher base-line blood-pressure categories. The 10-year cumulative incidence of cardiovascular disease in subjects 35 to 64 years of age who had high-normal blood pressure was 4 percent (95 percent confidence interval, 2 to 5 percent) for women and 8 percent (95 percent confidence interval, 6 to 10 percent) for men; in older subjects (those 65 to 90 years old), the incidence was 18 percent (95 percent confidence interval, 12 to 23 percent) for women and 25 percent (95 percent confidence interval, 17 to 34 percent) for men. As compared with optimal blood pressure, high-normal blood pressure was associated with a risk-factor–adjusted hazard ratio for cardiovascular disease of 2.5 (95 percent confidence interval, 1.6 to 4.1) in women and 1.6 (95 percent confidence interval, 1.1 to 2.2) in men.
Conclusions
High-normal blood pressure is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Our findings emphasize the need to determine whether lowering high-normal blood pressure can reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease.
Media in This Article
Figure 1
Cumulative Incidence of Cardiovascular Events in Women (Panel A) and Men (Panel B) without Hypertension, According to Blood-Pressure Category at the Base-Line Examination.Table 1
Base-Line Characteristics of the Study Subjects, According to Blood-Pressure Category at Base Line.Article Activity
- Article
Several epidemiologic studies1-7 have demonstrated that systolic and diastolic blood pressures have a “strong, continuous, graded and etiologically significant” positive association with cardiovascular-disease outcomes.1 These relations are consistent in both men and women, in young, middle-aged, and older subjects, among different racial and ethnic groups,1-5 and within and between countries.6,7 Although there is a continuum of cardiovascular risk across levels of blood pressure,1-7 the classification of adults according to blood pressure provides a framework for differentiating levels of risk associated with various blood-pressure categories and for defining treatment thresholds and therapeutic goals.
According to the classification approaches developed by the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure (JNC VI)8 and the World Health Organization and the International Society of Hypertension (WHO-ISH),9 nonhypertensive subjects with a systolic pressure of 130 to 139 mm Hg or a diastolic pressure of 85 to 89 mm Hg are categorized as having high-normal blood pressure. Although subjects with high-normal blood pressure are likely to have an elevated risk of cardiovascular disease (given the continuum of risk), there is a paucity of information regarding the absolute and relative risks of cardiovascular disease in these persons. Although data on fatal coronary events and strokes in persons with high-normal blood pressure are available,10,11 information on the risk of nonfatal cardiovascular events among people in this blood-pressure category is limited. We undertook a prospective examination of the risk of cardiovascular disease in men and women with high-normal blood pressure.
Methods
Study Sample
The selection criteria and study design of the Framingham Heart Study have been described previously.12,13 Subjects in the original cohort who attended examinations 4 (1956 to 1958, 4541 subjects), 12 (1972 to 1974, 3261 subjects), or 18 (1984 to 1986, 1825 subjects) and participants in the offspring study who attended examination 2 (1978 to 1982, 3863 participants) were eligible for this investigation. These examinations are referred to as the “base-line” examinations. Of the 13,490 attendees, subjects were excluded if they had hypertension (defined as systolic pressure of at least 140 mm Hg, diastolic pressure of at least 90 mm Hg, or use of antihypertensive drugs8,9; 5745 subjects [43 percent] were excluded for that reason) or prevalent cardiovascular disease (478 subjects [3.5 percent]) at the base-line examinations. Another 408 subjects (3 percent) were excluded because information on the covariates used in the multivariable analyses detailed below was incomplete. After the exclusions, 6859 subjects (3892 women and 2967 men) remained eligible for this investigation. Original cohort subjects who were eligible at any examination remained eligible at the next qualifying examination if they reached that examination free of cardiovascular disease and hypertension.
Measurement of Blood Pressure and Covariates
At the base-line examination, all participants underwent a physical examination with a medical history taking, laboratory assessment of risk factors for cardiovascular disease, and routine electrocardiography. The average of two readings of systolic and diastolic pressure, measured with a mercury-column sphygmomanometer by a physician while the subject was seated, was recorded as the base-line blood pressure. At the base-line examination, the subjects were classified into one of the three nonhypertensive blood-pressure categories on the basis of the criteria of JNC VI and WHO-ISH: optimal (systolic pressure of less than 120 mm Hg and diastolic pressure of less than 80 mm Hg), normal (systolic pressure of 120 to 129 mm Hg or diastolic pressure of 80 to 84 mm Hg), or high-normal (systolic pressure of 130 to 139 mm Hg or diastolic pressure of 85 to 89 mm Hg).8,9 If the systolic and diastolic pressure readings belonged to different categories, the higher of the two readings was used to assign the blood-pressure category.8,9
Follow-up and Outcome Events
All study participants were monitored for cardiovascular events and death. Information about cardiovascular events on follow-up was obtained with the aid of the medical history, physical examination as part of the Framingham Heart Study (every two years for the original cohort and every four years for the offspring cohort), hospitalization records, and communication with the subjects' personal physicians. All suspected events were reviewed by a panel of three experienced investigators, who evaluated all pertinent medical records. The primary outcome of interest was the time to the occurrence of any of the following major cardiovascular events during 12 years of follow-up: death due to cardiovascular disease, recognized myocardial infarction, stroke, or congestive heart failure. These end points were chosen because they have been used as major outcome events in clinical trials demonstrating that treatment of hypertension reduces the risk of cardiovascular events.14-16 The criteria for these end points have been described previously.17 A diagnosis of recognized myocardial infarction required the presence of at least two of the following three criteria: a history of prolonged chest pain, electrocardiographic changes consistent with myocardial injury, and elevated cardiac-enzyme levels.
Statistical Analysis
Cardiovascular-event rates for each blood-pressure category were calculated by dividing the number of subjects who had such events by the number of person-years of observation contributed by subjects within a blood-pressure category. The Kaplan–Meier product-limit estimator was used to determine the cumulative incidence of cardiovascular disease in men and women according to their blood-pressure category at base line. Sex-specific multivariable Cox proportional-hazards regression models,18 stratified according to the time of the base-line examination (in four categories, corresponding to offspring-cohort examination 2 and original-cohort examinations 4, 12, and 18), were constructed to evaluate the association of the base-line blood-pressure category with the occurrence of a first cardiovascular event during follow-up, after adjustment for age, body-mass index, smoking status, total cholesterol level, and presence or absence of diabetes mellitus. In addition, trend models were fitted to investigate whether there was an increase in risk from one blood-pressure category to the next higher category.
To examine whether the association of a given blood-pressure level at base line with the risk of future cardiovascular disease was mediated by progression to higher levels of blood pressure over time,19 the blood-pressure category and all covariates were included in Cox models as time-dependent variables during follow-up. For this purpose, the subjects were reclassified according to their blood pressure at each follow-up examination, with the inclusion of hypertension8,9 as an additional category. Cox models incorporating change in blood-pressure category on follow-up were also examined. Hazard ratios for cardiovascular disease, with 95 percent confidence intervals, were calculated for subjects with normal blood pressure, high-normal blood pressure, and hypertension; persons with optimal blood pressure served as the reference group.
Additional analyses that included interaction terms (age with blood-pressure category and calendar decade of examination with blood-pressure category) were also performed. The number needed to treat (i.e., the number of patients who would need to have their blood pressure lowered) for five years to prevent one major cardiovascular event was estimated for subjects with high-normal blood pressure by taking the reciprocal of the absolute reduction in event rates (assuming a range of reductions in event rates with treatment).20,21 All analyses were performed with SAS software (SAS Institute, Cary, N.C.), primarily Proc Phreg22 on an UltraSparc workstation (Sun Microsystems, Palo Alto, Calif.). All reported P values are two-sided, and a P value of less than 0.05 was considered to indicate statistical significance.
Results
Characteristics of the Study Subjects
At base line, a quarter of the study subjects had high-normal blood pressure, a third had normal blood pressure, and the remainder had optimal blood pressure (Table 1Table 1
Base-Line Characteristics of the Study Subjects, According to Blood-Pressure Category at Base Line.). A higher proportion of women than men in our study sample had optimal blood pressure. Subjects with high-normal blood pressure were older, had a higher body-mass index, and had higher serum cholesterol levels than those with optimal blood pressure.Relation of Blood-Pressure Category to the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease
During follow-up (mean, 11.1 years; 75,980 person-years), 397 study subjects (138 women and 259 men) had a first cardiovascular event, including 72 deaths from cardiovascular disease (24 women and 48 men), 190 recognized myocardial infarctions (35 women and 155 men), 85 strokes (46 women and 39 men), and 50 cases of congestive heart failure (33 women and 17 men). Cardiovascular-event rates increased in a stepwise manner across the three blood-pressure categories (Table 2Table 2
Cumulative Incidence of a First Cardiovascular Event among Study Subjects, According to Blood-Pressure Category at Base Line. and Figure 1Figure 1Cumulative Incidence of Cardiovascular Events in Women (Panel A) and Men (Panel B) without Hypertension, According to Blood-Pressure Category at the Base-Line Examination.). Among younger subjects (35 to 64 years old) with high-normal blood pressure, the 10-year cumulative incidence of cardiovascular disease was 4 percent (95 percent confidence interval, 2 to 5 percent) among women and 8 percent (95 percent confidence interval, 6 to 10 percent) among men. The 10-year cumulative incidence of cardiovascular disease was particularly high among older subjects (65 to 90 years old) of both sexes with high-normal blood pressure (women: 18 percent; 95 percent confidence interval, 12 to 23 percent; men: 25 percent; 95 percent confidence interval, 17 to 34 percent).As compared with optimal blood pressure, high-normal blood pressure was associated with a risk-factor–adjusted hazard ratio for cardiovascular disease of 2.5 (95 percent confidence interval, 1.6 to 4.1) among women and 1.6 (95 percent confidence interval, 1.1 to 2.2) among men (Table 3Table 3
Results of Sex-Specific Multivariable Cox Proportional-Hazards Regression Models Examining the Relation of Blood-Pressure Category to the Risk of a First Major Cardiovascular Event.). The hazard ratios associated with high-normal blood pressure for the two sexes were not significantly different (P=0.10). Normal blood pressure was associated with a risk-factor–adjusted hazard ratio for cardiovascular disease of 1.5 (95 percent confidence interval, 0.9 to 2.5) among women and 1.3 (95 percent confidence interval, 1.0 to 1.9) among men. In the trend models, a stepwise increase in the risk of cardiovascular disease was noted with an increase in blood-pressure category (Table 3).In analyses in which blood pressure and other risk factors during follow-up were modeled as time-dependent variables, the association of high-normal blood pressure with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease remained significant for men but was attenuated for women (Table 3). An increase in blood-pressure category during follow-up was associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (for men, the hazard ratio associated with an increase of one category was 1.2 [95 percent confidence interval, 1.1 to 1.4], P=0.006; for women, it was 1.4 [95 percent confidence interval, 1.1 to 1.6], P=0.002). The subject's age and the time of the base-line examination had no significant interaction with high-normal blood pressure (P>0.41 for all analyses).
The crude event rates per 1000 person-years in subjects with high-normal blood pressure who were 65 years of age or older were 19.5 in women and 28.1 in men. The crude event rates per 1000 person-years in subjects with high-normal blood pressure who were below the age of 65 years were 4.7 in women and 9.2 in men. On the basis of these absolute cardiovascular-event rates in subjects with high-normal blood pressure, and assuming risk reductions of 10 to 30 percent with blood-pressure lowering, we estimate that for subjects with high-normal blood pressure who are 65 or older, the numbers needed to treat for five years to prevent one cardiovascular event range from 24 to 71 in men and from 34 to 102 in women. The corresponding numbers are considerably higher in younger subjects, ranging from 73 to 218 in men and from 143 to 429 in women.
Discussion
Although numerous investigators have reported cardiovascular risks associated with elevated blood pressure,1-7 few have presented the absolute and relative risks of cardiovascular disease according to the blood-pressure categories used in clinical practice. High-normal blood pressure rivals mild hypertension in prevalence in the U.S. adult population.23 Yet, information regarding the risk of cardiovascular disease associated with this blood-pressure category is limited to fatal cardiovascular events.10,11
Our results extend prior reports in several respects. We determined absolute cardiovascular-event rates (in addition to relative risks) for subjects in the three nonhypertensive blood-pressure categories. We calculated the incidence of major cardiovascular events, not just fatal events. We have provided data on the cardiovascular risk associated with high-normal blood pressure separately for middle-aged and elderly subjects and for men and women. Finally, blood-pressure category and risk factors during follow-up were used as time-dependent variables in the multivariable analyses.
Men and women with high-normal blood pressure at base-line examination had a higher incidence of cardiovascular disease on follow-up than those with optimal blood pressure. These relations were consistent in both men and women and in both age groups, and they persisted after adjustment for multiple cardiovascular risk factors. The rate of cardiovascular events was low among men and women with optimal blood pressure, as has been emphasized by other investigators.24 Furthermore, a continuous gradient of increasing risk across the three nonhypertensive blood-pressure categories was observed. This finding was further confirmed by tests for trend. In analyses accounting for blood-pressure category during follow-up, the association of high-normal blood pressure with an increased risk of cardiovascular events persisted in men but was attenuated in women.
A 20 percent overall absolute risk of all cardiovascular events (not just major events) at 10 years is considered high and defines the current threshold for pharmacologic lowering of blood pressure in patients with hypertension, according to some international guidelines.9,25,26 In subjects 65 years of age or older in the present study, the 10-year absolute rates of major cardiovascular events associated with high-normal blood pressure exceeded 20 percent in men and approached that threshold in women.
If lowering of blood pressure could reduce the five-year absolute risk of cardiovascular disease by 25 percent in elderly persons with high-normal blood pressure — an assumption based on the efficacy of blood-pressure lowering in clinical trials involving subjects with hypertension27 — we estimate that only 28 men or 41 women would have to have their blood pressure lowered for five years to prevent one major cardiovascular event. These numbers may vary according to the JNC VI risk category.28 These estimates are speculative, because there is no evidence that lowering blood pressure will reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease in this blood-pressure category. A clinical trial would be needed to determine whether pharmacologic treatment of high-normal blood pressure is beneficial. Our estimates of the number needed to treat could provide a framework for designing such a trial.
Although our results demonstrate that high-normal blood pressure is a marker of an elevated risk of cardiovascular disease, it is uncertain whether the increased risk is attributable solely to subjects' blood-pressure levels. High-normal blood pressure has been associated with increased thickness of the carotid intima and media, altered cardiac morphologic features, and diastolic ventricular dysfunction,29-31 which may be precursors of cardiovascular events. Furthermore, persons in our sample with high-normal blood pressure frequently had other risk factors for cardiovascular disease, as has been reported previously.32 The additive effect of more than one risk factor on the risk of cardiovascular disease has been well established.2,11
The prospective study design, the large, community-based sample, and the comprehensive longitudinal surveillance for cardiovascular events are strengths of the present study. The use of blood-pressure values measured on a single occasion is a possible limitation, because it may result in underestimation of the strength of the relation between high-normal blood pressure and the incidence of cardiovascular disease.4,33 Because our study spanned more than four decades of observation, the absolute event rates reported may not be valid for a contemporary cohort. However, when we stratified our analyses according to the date of the examination and tested for an interaction between time period and blood pressure, we found no interaction, probably because during the period of our study, subjects with high-normal blood pressure were not treated with antihypertensive medication. The fact that our sample was predominantly white limits the generalizability of our findings. Moreover, we did not adjust for levels of physical activity and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, because information regarding these risk factors was not available at the base-line examinations.
The recent WHO-ISH report9 emphasized the “rationale for expecting high-risk subjects without hypertension to benefit from blood pressure lowering and the need for clinical trials to investigate this possibility.” Our observational data underscore the need for additional research to determine whether persons with high-normal blood pressure who are at high risk for cardiovascular disease, such as elderly persons or those with diabetes or multiple risk factors, will benefit from blood-pressure lowering.
The Framingham Heart Study is supported by a contract (NO1-HC-38038) with the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Dr. Vasan is the recipient of a research career award (K24 HL 04334-01A1) from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute.
Source Information
From the Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Mass. (R.S.V., M.G.L., E.P.L., J.C.E., C.J.O., D.L.); the Cardiology Section (R.S.V.) and the Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology (R.S.V., M.G.L., J.C.E., W.B.K., D.L.), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston; the Division of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (C.J.O.); the Divisions of Cardiology and Clinical Epidemiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston (D.L.); and the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Md. (C.J.O., D.L.).
Address reprint requests to Dr. Vasan at the Framingham Heart Study, 5 Thurber St., Framingham, MA 01702, or at vasan@fram.nhlbi.nih.gov.
- References
References
1
Stamler J ,Stamler R ,Neaton JD . Blood pressure, systolic and diastolic, and cardiovascular risks: US population data. Arch Intern Med 1993;153:598-615
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline2
Kannel WB . Blood pressure as a cardiovascular risk factor: prevention and treatment. JAMA 1996;275:1571-1576
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline3
Sagie A ,Larson MG ,Levy D . The natural history of borderline isolated systolic hypertension. N Engl J Med 1993;329:1912-1917
Full Text | Web of Science | Medline4
MacMahon S ,Peto R ,Cutler J , et al. Blood pressure, stroke, and coronary heart disease. 1. Prolonged differences in blood pressure: prospective observational studies corrected for the regression dilution bias. Lancet 1990;335:765-774
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline5
Neaton JD ,Wentworth D . Serum cholesterol, blood pressure, cigarette smoking, and death from coronary artery disease: overall findings and differences by age for 316,099 white men. Arch Intern Med 1992;152:56-64
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline6
Eastern Stroke and Coronary Heart Disease Collaborative Research Group
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline7
van den Hoogen PCW ,Feskens EJM ,Nagelkerke NJD ,Menotti A ,Nissinen A ,Kromhout D . The relation between blood pressure and mortality due to coronary heart disease among men in different parts of the world. N Engl J Med 2000;342:1-8
Full Text | Web of Science | Medline8
The sixth report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure. Arch Intern Med 1997;157:2413-2446[Erratum, Arch Intern Med 1998;158:573.]
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline9
Guidelines Subcommittee
Web of Science | Medline10
Neaton JD, Kuller L, Stamler J, Wentworth DN. Impact of systolic and diastolic blood pressure on cardiovascular mortality. In: Laragh JH, Brenner BM, eds. Hypertension: pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management. 2nd ed. New York: Raven Press, 1995:127-44.
11
Lowe LP ,Greenland P ,Ruth KJ ,Dyer AR ,Stamler R ,Stamler J . Impact of major cardiovascular disease risk factors, particularly in combination, on 22-year mortality in women and men. Arch Intern Med 1998;158:2007-2014
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline12
Dawber TR ,Meadors GF ,Moore FE Jr . Epidemiologic approaches to heart disease: the Framingham Study. Am J Public Health 1951;41:279-286
CrossRef | Web of Science13
Kannel WB ,Feinleib M ,McNamara PM ,Garrison RJ ,Castelli WP . An investigation of coronary heart disease in families: the Framingham Offspring Study. Am J Epidemiol 1979;110:281-290
Web of Science | Medline14
Collins R ,Peto R ,MacMahon S , et al. Blood pressure, stroke, and coronary heart disease. 2. Short-term reductions in blood pressure: overview of randomised drug trials in their epidemiologic context. Lancet 1990;335:827-838
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline15
Psaty BM ,Smith NL ,Siscovick DS , et al. Health outcomes associated with antihypertensive therapies used as first-line agents: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA 1997;277:739-745
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline16
Staessen JA ,Fagard R ,Thijs L , et al. Randomised double-blind comparison of placebo and active treatment for older patients with isolated systolic hypertension. Lancet 1997;350:757-764
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline17
Kannel WB, Wolf PA, Garrison RJ, eds. Some risk factors related to the annual incidence of cardiovascular disease and death in pooled repeated biennial measurements: Framingham Heart Study, 30 year follow-up. Section 34. Bethesda, Md.: Department of Health and Human Services, 1987.
18
Cox DR, Oakes D. Analysis of survival data. London: Chapman and Hall, 1984.
19
Leitschuh M ,Cupples LA ,Kannel W ,Gagnon D ,Chobanian A . High-normal blood pressure progression to hypertension in the Framingham Heart Study. Hypertension 1991;17:22-27
Web of Science | Medline20
Laupacis A ,Sackett DL ,Roberts RS . An assessment of clinically useful measures of the consequences of treatment. N Engl J Med 1988;318:1728-1733
Full Text | Web of Science | Medline21
Cook RJ ,Sackett DL . The number needed to treat: a clinically useful measure of treatment effect. BMJ 1995;310:452-454[Erratum, BMJ 1995;310:1056.]
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline22
SAS/STAT software: changes and enhancements, through release 6.11. Cary, N.C.: SAS Institute, 1996.
23
Burt VL ,Whelton P ,Roccella EJ , et al. Prevalence of hypertension in the US adult population: results from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1991. Hypertension 1995;25:305-313
Web of Science | Medline24
Stamler J ,Stamler R ,Neaton JD , et al. Low risk-factor profile and long-term cardiovascular and noncardiovascular mortality and life expectancy: findings for 5 large cohorts of young adult and middle-aged men and women. JAMA 1999;282:2012-2018
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline25
Jackson R ,Barham P ,Bills J , et al. Management of raised blood pressure in New Zealand: a discussion document. BMJ 1993;307:107-110
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline26
Wood D ,De Backer G ,Faergeman O ,Graham I ,Mancia G ,Pyorala K . Prevention of coronary heart disease in clinical practice: summary of recommendations of the Second Joint Task Force of European and other Societies on Coronary Prevention. J Hypertens 1998;16:1407-1414
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline27
Gueyffier F ,Boutitie F ,Boissel JP , et al. Effect of antihypertensive drug treatment on cardiovascular outcomes in women and men: a meta-analysis of individual patient data from randomized, controlled trials. Ann Intern Med 1997;126:761-767
Web of Science | Medline28
Ogden LG ,He J ,Lydick E ,Whelton PK . Long-term absolute benefit of lowering blood pressure in hypertensive patients according to the JNC VI risk stratification. Hypertension 2000;35:539-543
Web of Science | Medline29
Lonati L ,Cuspidi C ,Sampieri L , et al. Ultrasonographic evaluation of cardiac and vascular changes in young borderline hypertensives. Cardiology 1993;83:298-303
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline30
Escudero E ,De Lena S ,Graff-Iversen S ,Almiron M ,Cingolani HE . Left ventricular diastolic function in young men with high normal blood pressure. Can J Cardiol 1996;12:959-964
Web of Science | Medline31
Kimura Y ,Tomiyama H ,Nishikawa E , et al. Characteristics of cardiovascular morphology and function in the high-normal subset of hypertension defined by JNC-VI recommendations. Hypertens Res 1999;22:291-295
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline32
Lloyd-Jones DM ,Evans JC ,Larson MG ,O'Donnell CJ ,Wilson PW ,Levy D . Cross-classification of JNC VI blood pressure stages and risk groups in the Framingham Heart Study. Arch Intern Med 1999;159:2206-2212
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline33
Clarke R ,Shipley M ,Lewington S , et al. Underestimation of risk associations due to regression dilution in long-term follow-up of prospective studies. Am J Epidemiol 1999;150:341-353
Web of Science | Medline
- Citing Articles (419)
Citing Articles
1
Allan R. K. Sales, Bruno M. Silva, Fabricia J. Neves, Natália G. Rocha, Renata F. Medeiros, Renata R. T. Castro, Antonio C. L. Nóbrega. (2012) Diet and exercise training reduce blood pressure and improve autonomic modulation in women with prehypertension. European Journal of Applied Physiology
CrossRef2
Hirofumi Tomiyama, Akira Yamashina. (2012) Arterial Stiffness in Prehypertension: A Possible Vicious Cycle. Journal of Cardiovascular Translational Research
CrossRef3
F Hadaegh, R Mohebi, D Khalili, M Hasheminia, F Sheikholeslami, F Azizi. (2012) High normal blood pressure is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease among middle-aged but not in elderly populations: 9-year results of a population-based study. Journal of Human Hypertension
CrossRef4
Jochen G Raimann, Len A Usvyat, Stephan Thijssen, Peter Kotanko, John Rogus, Eduardo Lacson, Nathan W Levin. (2012) Blood pressure stability in hemodialysis patients confers a survival advantage: results from a large retrospective cohort study. Kidney International
CrossRef5
Charumathi Sabanayagam, Anoop Shankar, Shanmugasundaram Somasundaram. (2012) Serum Vitamin D Level and Prehypertension among Subjects Free of Hypertension. Kidney and Blood Pressure Research 35:2, 106-113
CrossRef6
Krishna K Gaddam, Hector Ventura, Carl J Lavie. (2012) Antihypertensive therapy versus alternative therapeutic options for prehypertension: an evidence-based approach. Future Cardiology 8:1, 115-122
CrossRef7
Brian R. Weil, Christian M. Westby, Jared J. Greiner, Brian L. Stauffer, Christopher A. DeSouza. (2012) Elevated Endothelin-1 Vasoconstrictor Tone in Prehypertensive Adults. Canadian Journal of Cardiology
CrossRef8
Johnanna Hernandez, Stoerm Anderson. (2012) Prehypertension: A literature-documented public health concern. Journal of the American Academy of Nurse Practitioners 24:1, 3-10
CrossRef9
Niels Engberding, Nanette K Wenger. (2011) Management of hypertension in women. Hypertension Research
CrossRef10
Balazs Sonkodi, Sandor Sonkodi, Sabine Steiner, Eftyhia Helis, Penelope Turton, Peter Zachar, György Abrahám, Péter Legrady, J. George Fodor. (2011) High Prevalence of Prehypertension and Hypertension in a Working Population in Hungary. American Journal of Hypertension
CrossRef11
Karen J McConnell, Jessica L Morris, Thomas Delate, Alicia A Cymbala, Roseanne Hornak, Amy B Kauffman, Brandy D McGinnis. (2011) Blood Pressure Level Attainment Among Patients with Coronary Artery Disease and Uncontrolled Blood Pressure. Pharmacotherapy 31:11, 1063-1072
CrossRef12
Jeralyn Allen, Vincent Morelli. (2011) Aging and Exercise. Clinics in Geriatric Medicine 27:4, 661-671
CrossRef13
Byung Jin Kim, Hyeon A. Lee, Nan Hee Kim, Min Woong Kim, Bum Soo Kim, Jin Ho Kang. (2011) The association of albuminuria, arterial stiffness, and blood pressure status in nondiabetic, nonhypertensive individuals. Journal of Hypertension 29:11, 2091-2098
CrossRef14
Ken Monahan, Susan Redline. (2011) Role of obstructive sleep apnea in cardiovascular disease. Current Opinion in Cardiology 26:6, 541-547
CrossRef15
Vicente Gil-Guillén, Domingo Orozco-Beltrán, Emilio Márquez-Contreras, Ramón Durazo-Arvizu, Richard Cooper, Salvador Pita-Fernández, Diego González-Segura, Concepción Carratalá-Munuera, José Luis Martín de Pablo, Vicente Pallarés, Salvador Pertusa-Martínez, Antonio Fernández, Josep Redón. (2011) Is There a Predictive Profile for Clinical Inertia in Hypertensive Patients?. Drugs & Aging1
CrossRef16
Pascal Vranckx, Eric Boersma, Scot Garg, Marco Valgimigli, Gerrit-Anne Van Es, Dick Goedhart, Patrick Serruys. (2011) Cardiovascular risk profile of patients included in stent trials; a pooled analysis of individual patient data from randomised clinical trials: insights from 33 prospective stent trials in Europe. EuroIntervention 7:7, 859-871
CrossRef17
Rahul Kumar, Azim Nejatizadeh, Mohit Gupta, Amandeep Markan, Sanjay Tyagi, S.K. Jain, M.A. Qadar Pasha. (2011) nThe epistasis between vascular homeostasis genes is apparent in essential hypertension. Atherosclerosis
CrossRef18
Luis M. Ruilope. (2011) Current challenges in the clinical management of hypertension. Nature Reviews Cardiology
CrossRef19
Massimo Volpe, Giuliano Tocci. (2011) Redefining Blood Pressure Targets in High-Risk Patients?: Lessons From Coronary Endpoints in Recent Randomized Clinical Trials. American Journal of Hypertension 24:10, 1060-1068
CrossRef20
Sayuri Katano, Yasuyuki Nakamura, Aki Nakamura, Yoshitaka Murakami, Taichiro Tanaka, Toru Takebayashi, Akira Okayama, Katsuyuki Miura, Tomonori Okamura, Hirotsugu Ueshima, . (2011) Association of short sleep duration with impaired glucose tolerance or diabetes mellitus. Journal of Diabetes Investigation 2:5, 366-372
CrossRef21
Tsu-Yin Wu, Hsing-Fang Hsieh, Jing Wang, Lan Yao, Deborah Oakley. (2011) Ethnicity and Cardiovascular Risk Factors Among Asian Americans Residing in Michigan. Journal of Community Health 36:5, 811-818
CrossRef22
M Y Baden, Y Yamada, Y Obata, Y Hosakawa, K Saisho, S Tamba, K Yamamoto, M Umeda, A Furubayashi, Y Tsukamoto, Y Matsuzawa. (2011) Serum adiponectin level is not only decreased in metabolic syndrome but also in borderline metabolic abnormalities. Nutrition and Diabetes 1:10, e18
CrossRef23
Ichiro Wakabayashi. (2011) Alcohol Intake and Atherosclerotic Risk Factors in Normotensive and Prehypertensive Men. American Journal of Hypertension 24:9, 1007-1014
CrossRef24
Brian R. Weil, Brian L. Stauffer, Jared J. Greiner, Christopher A. DeSouza. (2011) Prehypertension Is Associated With Impaired Nitric Oxide-Mediated Endothelium-Dependent Vasodilation in Sedentary Adults. American Journal of Hypertension 24:9, 976-981
CrossRef25
Yinghua Lin, Xiaolan Lai, Bin Chen, Yuan Xu, Baoying Huang, Zichun Chen, Shaoheng Zhu, Jin Yao, Qiqin Jiang, Huibin Huang, Junping Wen, Gang Chen. (2011) Genetic variations in CYP17A1, CACNB2 and PLEKHA7 are associated with blood pressure and/or hypertension in she ethnic minority of China. Atherosclerosis
CrossRef26
Hongjian Wang, Phyllis Zee, Kathryn Reid, Ronald D. Chervin, Pallavi P. Patwari, Binyan Wang, Zhiping Li, Gengfu Tang, Xue Liu, Jianhua Yang, Xiping Xu, Xiaobin Wang. (2011) Gender-specific association of sleep duration with blood pressure in rural Chinese adults. Sleep Medicine 12:7, 693-699
CrossRef27
Masaharu Nakayama, Shizuka Osaki, Hiroaki Shimokawa. (2011) Validation of Mortality Risk Stratification Models for Cardiovascular Disease. The American Journal of Cardiology 108:3, 391-396
CrossRef28
Gordon McInnes. (2011) PRE-HYPERTENSION: HOW LOW TO GO AND DO DRUGS HAVE A ROLE?. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacologyno-no
CrossRef29
Jinesh Kochar, J. Michael Gaziano, Luc Djoussé. (2011) Breakfast cereals and risk of hypertension in the Physicians’ Health Study I. Clinical Nutrition
CrossRef30
Wilbert S. Aronow, Jerome L. Fleg, Carl J. Pepine, Nancy T. Artinian, George Bakris, Alan S. Brown, Keith C. Ferdinand, Mary Ann Forciea, William H. Frishman, Cheryl Jaigobin, John B. Kostis, Giuseppi Mancia, Suzanne Oparil, Eduardo Ortiz, Efrain Reisin, Michael W. Rich, Douglas D. Schocken, Michael A. Weber, Deborah J. Wesley, Robert A. Harrington, Eric R. Bates, Deepak L. Bhatt, Charles R. Bridges, Mark J. Eisenberg, Victor A. Ferrari, John D. Fisher, Timothy J. Gardner, Federico Gentile, Michael F. Gilson, Mark A. Hlatky, Alice K. Jacobs, Sanjay Kaul, David J. Moliterno, Debabrata Mukherjee, Robert S. Rosenson, James H. Stein, Howard H. Weitz, Deborah J. Wesley. (2011) ACCF/AHA 2011 Expert Consensus Document on Hypertension in the Elderly. Journal of the American Society of Hypertension 5:4, 259-352
CrossRef31
Gang Chen, Xiaolan Lai, Qiqin Jiang, Feng Chen, Nianhui Chen, Huibin Huang, Jixing Liang, Liantao Li, Junping Wen, Lixiang Lin, Jin Yao. (2011) Cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, insulin resistance and β-cell function in prehypertension population of China. Atherosclerosis 217:1, 279-285
CrossRef32
Licy L. Yanes, Jane F. Reckelhoff. (2011) Postmenopausal Hypertension. American Journal of Hypertension 24:7, 740-749
CrossRef33
Matthias R. Meyer, Eric R. Prossnitz, Matthias Barton. (2011) The G protein-coupled estrogen receptor GPER/GPR30 as a regulator of cardiovascular function. Vascular Pharmacology 55:1-3, 17-25
CrossRef34
Carol Y Cheung, Wan T Tay, Paul Mitchell, Jie J Wang, Wynne Hsu, Mong L Lee, Qiangfeng P Lau, Ai L Zhu, Ronald Klein, Seang M Saw, Tien Y Wong. (2011) Quantitative and qualitative retinal microvascular characteristics and blood pressure. Journal of Hypertension 29:7, 1380-1391
CrossRef35
Hiroki Satoh, Yasuaki Saijo, Reiko Kishi, Hiroyuki Tsutsui. (2011) Brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity is an independent predictor of incident hypertension in Japanese normotensive male subjects. Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine 16:4, 217-223
CrossRef36
A. H. E. M. Maas, Y. T. van der Schouw, V. Regitz-Zagrosek, E. Swahn, Y. E. Appelman, G. Pasterkamp, H. ten Cate, P. M. Nilsson, M. V. Huisman, H. C. G. Stam, K. Eizema, M. Stramba-Badiale. (2011) Red alert for women's heart: the urgent need for more research and knowledge on cardiovascular disease in women: Proceedings of the Workshop held in Brussels on Gender Differences in Cardiovascular disease, 29 September 2010. European Heart Journal 32:11, 1362-1368
CrossRef37
Naftali Raz, Cheryl L. Dahle, Karen M. Rodrigue, Kristen M. Kennedy, Susan Land. (2011) Effects of age, genes, and pulse pressure on executive functions in healthy adults. Neurobiology of Aging 32:6, 1124-1137
CrossRef38
K MacDonald, C S Lee, H-C Chen, M L Ko, G E Fidel, H Brié, C Hermans, S Vancayzeele, S Reel, P Van der Niepen, I Abraham. (2011) Gender-specific, multi-level determinants of outcomes of antihypertensive treatment: a sub-analysis of the Belgian PREVIEW study. Journal of Human Hypertension 25:6, 372-382
CrossRef39
Christian M. Westby, Brian R. Weil, Jared J. Greiner, Brian L. Stauffer, Christopher A. Desouza. (2011) Endothelin-1 vasoconstriction and the age-related decline in endothelium-dependent vasodilatation in men. Clinical Science 120:11, 485-491
CrossRef40
J.J. Ely, T. Zavaskis, M.L. Lammey, D. Rick Lee. (2011) Blood pressure reference intervals for healthy adult chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). Journal of Medical Primatology 40:3, 171-180
CrossRef41
Myung-kyung Suh, Chien-An Chen, Jonathan Woodbridge, Michael Kai Tu, Jung In Kim, Ani Nahapetian, Lorraine S. Evangelista, Majid Sarrafzadeh. (2011) A Remote Patient Monitoring System for Congestive Heart Failure. Journal of Medical Systems
CrossRef42
S Susan Hedayati, Essam F Elsayed, Robert F Reilly. (2011) Non-pharmacological aspects of blood pressure management: what are the data?. Kidney International 79:10, 1061-1070
CrossRef43
Wilbert S. Aronow, Jerome L. Fleg, Carl J. Pepine, Nancy T. Artinian, George Bakris, Alan S. Brown, Keith C. Ferdinand, Mary Ann Forciea, William H. Frishman, Cheryl Jaigobin, John B. Kostis, Giuseppi Mancia, Suzanne Oparil, Eduardo Ortiz, Efrain Reisin, Michael W. Rich, Douglas D. Schocken, Michael A. Weber, Deborah J. Wesley. (2011) ACCF/AHA 2011 Expert Consensus Document on Hypertension in the Elderly. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 57:20, 2037-2114
CrossRef44
Gary E Sander. (2011) Drugs that increase blood pressure. Therapy 8:3, 275-282
CrossRef45
A. R. Gaya, P. Silva, C. Martins, A. Gaya, J. C. Ribeiro, J. Mota. (2011) Association of leisure time physical activity and sports competition activities with high blood pressure levels: study carried out in a sample of portuguese children and adolescents. Child: Care, Health and Development 37:3, 329-334
CrossRef46
D. Shimbo, P. Muntner, D. Mann, R. G. Barr, W. Tang, W. Post, J. Lima, G. Burke, D. Bluemke, S. Shea. (2011) Association of Left Ventricular Hypertrophy With Incident Hypertension: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. American Journal of Epidemiology 173:8, 898-905
CrossRef47
Honglin Zhao, Guiyan Wang, Mingzhi Zhang, Weijun Tong, Yonghong Zhang. (2011) Prehypertension and insulin resistance among Mongolian people, Inner Mongolia, China. Blood Pressure 20:2, 98-103
CrossRef48
Agata Bielecka-Dabrowa, Wilbert S. Aronow, Jacek Rysz, Maciej Banach. (2011) The Rise and Fall of Hypertension: Lessons Learned from Eastern Europe. Current Cardiovascular Risk Reports 5:2, 174-179
CrossRef49
Maciej Banach, Vikas Bhatia, Margaret A. Feller, Marjan Mujib, Ravi V. Desai, Mustafa I. Ahmed, Jason L. Guichard, Inmaculada Aban, Thomas E. Love, Wilbert S. Aronow, Michel White, Prakash Deedwania, Gregg Fonarow, Ali Ahmed. (2011) Relation of Baseline Systolic Blood Pressure and Long-Term Outcomes in Ambulatory Patients With Chronic Mild to Moderate Heart Failure. The American Journal of Cardiology 107:8, 1208-1214
CrossRef50
Simran K. Bhandari, Shahe Pashayan, In Lu A. Liu, Scott A. Rasgon, Dean A. Kujubu, Thomas Y. Tom, John J. Sim. (2011) 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Levels and Hypertension Rates. The Journal of Clinical Hypertension 13:3, 170-177
CrossRef51
Hana Rosolova, Barbora Nussbaumerova. (2011) Cardio-metabolic risk prediction should be superior to cardiovascular risk assessment in primary prevention of cardiovascular diseases. The EPMA Journal 2:1, 15-26
CrossRef52
M. Bozorgmanesh, F. Hadaegh, F. Azizi. (2011) Predictive accuracy of the ‘Framingham’s general CVD algorithm’ in a Middle Eastern population: Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study. International Journal of Clinical Practice 65:3, 264-273
CrossRef53
Giuseppe Mancia, Guido Grassi. (2011) Impact of new clinical trials on recent guidelines on hypertension management. Annals of Medicine 43:2, 124-132
CrossRef54
F Alhalaiqa, K H O Deane, A H Nawafleh, A Clark, R Gray. (2011) Adherence therapy for medication non-compliant patients with hypertension: a randomised controlled trial. Journal of Human Hypertension
CrossRef55
R A Ralston, J H Lee, H Truby, C E Palermo, K Z Walker. (2011) A systematic review and meta-analysis of elevated blood pressure and consumption of dairy foods. Journal of Human Hypertension
CrossRef56
T I Chang, G D Friedman, A K Cheung, T Greene, M Desai, G M Chertow. (2011) Systolic blood pressure and mortality in prevalent haemodialysis patients in the HEMO study. Journal of Human Hypertension 25:2, 98-105
CrossRef57
Seong Hwan Kim, Goo-Yeong Cho, Inkyung Baik, Sang Yup Lim, Cheol Ung Choi, Hong Euy Lim, Eung Ju Kim, Chang Gyu Park, Juri Park, Jinyoung Kim, Chol Shin. (2011) Early Abnormalities of Cardiovascular Structure and Function in Middle-Aged Korean Adults With Prehypertension: The Korean Genome Epidemiology Study. American Journal of Hypertension 24:2, 218-224
CrossRef58
Sung Joon Shin, Chi Yeon Lim, Moo-Yong Rhee, Sang Woo Oh, Sang Hoon Na, Yongsoon Park, Cho-il Kim, Seo-Young Kim, Jong-Wook Kim, Hye-Kyung Park. (2011) Characteristics of Sodium Sensitivity in Korean Populations. Journal of Korean Medical Science 26:8, 1061
CrossRef59
G. A. Verpooten, A. Aerts, N. Coen, S. Vancayzeele, C. Hermans, J. Bowles, K. MacDonald, I. Abraham, C. S. Lee. (2011) Antihypertensive effectiveness of aliskiren for the ‘real-world’ management of hypertension: multilevel modelling of 180-day blood pressure outcomes (the Belgian DRIVER Study). International Journal of Clinical Practice 65:1, 54-63
CrossRef60
Zaki Noah Hasan, Mousa Qasim Hussein, Ghazi Farhan Haji. (2011) Hypertension as a Risk Factor: Is It Different in Ischemic Stroke and Acute Myocardial Infarction Comparative Cross-Sectional Study?. International Journal of Hypertension 2011, 1-5
CrossRef61
Catherine E. Huggins, Claire Margerison, Anthony Worsley, Caryl A. Nowson. (2011) Influence of dietary modifications on the blood pressure response to antihypertensive medication. British Journal of Nutrition 105:02, 248-255
CrossRef62
Majd Al Ghatrif, Yong-Fang Kuo, Soham Al Snih, Mukaila A. Raji, Laura A. Ray, Kyriakos S. Markides. (2011) Trends in Hypertension Prevalence, Awareness, Treatment and Control in Older Mexican Americans, 1993–2005. Annals of Epidemiology 21:1, 15-25
CrossRef63
O J MacEneaney, C A DeSouza, B R Weil, E J Kushner, G P Van Guilder, M L Mestek, J J Greiner, B L Stauffer. (2011) Prehypertension and endothelial progenitor cell function. Journal of Human Hypertension 25:1, 57-62
CrossRef64
Sunita Dodani. (2011) Community-Based Participatory Research Approaches for Hypertension Control and Prevention in Churches. International Journal of Hypertension 2011, 1-11
CrossRef65
Robert M Carey. 2011. Pathophysiology of Primary Hypertension. .
CrossRef66
Debbie L. Cohen, LeAnne T. Bloedon, Rand L. Rothman, John T. Farrar, Mary Lou Galantino, Sheri Volger, Christine Mayor, Phillipe O. Szapary, Raymond R. Townsend. (2011) Iyengar Yoga versus Enhanced Usual Care on Blood Pressure in Patients with Prehypertension to Stage I Hypertension: a Randomized Controlled Trial. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2011, 1-8
CrossRef67
Chi-Fung Lu, Alyssa B. Schultz, Mary Jenny, Dee W. Edington. (2011) Effects of a mail-based intervention to improve knowledge of blood pressure and cholesterol values. International Journal of Workplace Health Management 4:3, 274-286
CrossRef68
Shuumarjav Uurtuya, Kazuhiko Kotani, Harumi Koibuchi, Michiaki Miyamoto, Kazuomi Kario, Toshiyuki Yamada, Nobuyuki Taniguchi. (2010) The Relationship Between Serum C-Reactive Protein and Daily Physical Activity in Japanese Hypertensive Patients. Clinical and Experimental Hypertension 32:8, 517-522
CrossRef69
Nancy Côté, Philippe Pibarot, Andrée Pépin, Dominique Fournier, Audrey Audet, Benoît Arsenault, Christian Couture, Paul Poirier, Jean-Pierre Després, Patrick Mathieu. (2010) Oxidized low-density lipoprotein, angiotensin II and increased waist cirumference are associated with valve inflammation in prehypertensive patients with aortic stenosis. International Journal of Cardiology 145:3, 444-449
CrossRef70
Yoshihiro Kokubo, Tomonori Okamura, Makoto Watanabe, Aya Higashiyama, Yuu Ono, Yoshihiro Miyamoto, Yoko Furukawa, Kei Kamide, Katsuyuki Kawanishi, Akira Okayama, Yasunao Yoshimasa. (2010) The combined impact of blood pressure category and glucose abnormality on the incidence of cardiovascular diseases in a Japanese urban cohort: the Suita Study. Hypertension Research 33:12, 1238-1243
CrossRef71
Ling-Ling Lee, Michael Watson, Caroline Mulvaney, Douglas M Salzwedel, Edwin SY Chan, Ling-Ling Lee. 2010. Walking for hypertension. .
CrossRef72
Cynthia Cheng, Constantine Daskalakis, Bonita Falkner. (2010) Alterations in capillary morphology are found in mild blood pressure elevation. Journal of Hypertension 28:11, 2258-2266
CrossRef73
A.H.E.M. Maas, Y.E.A. Appelman. (2010) Gender differences in coronary heart disease. Netherlands Heart Journal 18:12, 598-603
CrossRef74
Shin-Jing Lin, Kun-Tai Lee, Ker-Cheng Lin, Kai-Hong Cheng, Wei-Chung Tsai, Sheng-Hsiung Sheu, Ming-Tsang Wu, Chien-Hung Lee, Wen-Ter Lai. (2010) Prevalence of prehypertension and associated risk factors in a rural Taiwanese adult population. International Journal of Cardiology 144:2, 269-273
CrossRef75
Abhijit V. Kshirsagar, Ya-lin Chiu, Andrew S. Bomback, Phyllis A. August, Anthony J. Viera, Romulo E. Colindres, Heejung Bang. (2010) A Hypertension Risk Score for Middle-Aged and Older Adults. The Journal of Clinical Hypertension 12:10, 800-808
CrossRef76
Curfman, Gregory D., Morrissey, Stephen, Drazen, Jeffrey M., . (2010) Sibutramine — Another Flawed Diet Pill. New England Journal of Medicine 363:10, 972-974
Full Text77
Dennis H. Lau, Lorraine Mackenzie, Darren J. Kelly, Peter J. Psaltis, Anthony G. Brooks, Michael Worthington, Arumuga Rajendram, Douglas R. Kelly, Yuan Zhang, Pawel Kuklik, Adam J. Nelson, Christopher X. Wong, Stephen G. Worthley, Mohan Rao, Randall J. Faull, James Edwards, David A. Saint, Prashanthan Sanders. (2010) Hypertension and atrial fibrillation: Evidence of progressive atrial remodeling with electrostructural correlate in a conscious chronically instrumented ovine model. Heart Rhythm 7:9, 1282-1290
CrossRef78
Shani Shastri, Mark J. Sarnak. (2010) Blood Pressure Target in Individuals Without Diabetes: What Is the Evidence?. American Journal of Kidney Diseases 56:3, 434-438
CrossRef79
Miklos Z Molnar, Lilia R Lukowsky, Elani Streja, Ramanath Dukkipati, Jennie Jing, Allen R Nissenson, Csaba P Kovesdy, Kamyar Kalantar-Zadeh. (2010) Blood pressure and survival in long-term hemodialysis patients with and without polycystic kidney disease. Journal of Hypertension1
CrossRef80
Yukiko Ishikawa, Joji Ishikawa, Shizukiyo Ishikawa, Eiji Kajii, Joseph E Schwartz, Thomas G Pickering, Kazuomi Kario. (2010) Prehypertension and the risk for cardiovascular disease in the Japanese general population: the Jichi Medical School Cohort Study. Journal of Hypertension 28:8, 1630-1637
CrossRef81
C. J. Haines, E. Farrell. (2010) Menopause management: a cardiovascular risk-based approach. Climacteric 13:4, 328-339
CrossRef82
E. Boschitsch, S. Mayerhofer, D. Magometschnigg. (2010) Hypertension in women: the role of progesterone and aldosterone. Climacteric 13:4, 307-313
CrossRef83
Bonita Falkner. (2010) Hypertension in children and adolescents: epidemiology and natural history. Pediatric Nephrology 25:7, 1219-1224
CrossRef84
Ritu K. Soni, Anna C. Porter, James P. Lash, Mark L. Unruh. (2010) Health-Related Quality of Life in Hypertension, Chronic Kidney Disease, and Coexistent Chronic Health Conditions. Advances in Chronic Kidney Disease 17:4, e17-e26
CrossRef85
R. Kido, Y. Shibagaki, K. Iwadoh, I. Nakajima, S. Fuchinoue, T. Fujita, S. Teraoka. (2010) Persistent Glomerular Hematuria in Living Kidney Donors Confers a Risk of Progressive Kidney Disease in Donors After Heminephrectomy. American Journal of Transplantation 10:7, 1597-1604
CrossRef86
Ivo Abraham, Lynnette Demosthenes, Karen MacDonald, Christopher S. Lee, Sally Reel, Heidi Brié, Christine Hermans, Stefaan Vancayzeele, Patricia Van der Niepen. (2010) Hierarchical linear and logistic modeling of outcomes of antihypertensive treatment in elderly patients: Findings from the PREVIEW study. Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics 51:1, 45-53
CrossRef87
Erhan Tenekecioğlu, Aziz Karabulut, Mustafa Yılmaz. (2010) Comparison of Tissue Doppler Dynamics with Doppler Flow in Evaluating Left Atrial Appendage Function by Transesophageal Echocardiography in Prehypertensive and Hypertensive Patients. Echocardiography 27:6, 677-686
CrossRef88
Margaret A. Miller. 2010. Approach to New-Onset Hypertension Remote from Term. , 710-714.
CrossRef89
Heart Failure Society of America. (2010) Executive Summary: HFSA 2010 Comprehensive Heart Failure Practice Guideline. Journal of Cardiac Failure 16:6, 475-539
CrossRef90
Bruno M.J. Celoria, Virginia A. Genelhu, Stenio Fernando Pimentel Duarte, Paula A.S. Delfraro, Emilio A. Francischetti. (2010) Hypoadiponectinemia Is Associated With Prehypertension in Obese Individuals of Multiethnic Origin. Clinical Cardiology 33:6, E61-E65
CrossRef91
Jorge A. Banda, Kimberly Clouston, Xuemei Sui, Steven P. Hooker, Chong-Do Lee, Steven N. Blair. (2010) Protective Health Factors and Incident Hypertension in Men. American Journal of Hypertension 23:6, 599-605
CrossRef92
(2010) Section 14: Managing Patients with Hypertension and Heart Failure. Journal of Cardiac Failure 16:6, e166-e168
CrossRef93
Marcello Ricardo Paulista Markus, Jan Stritzke, Ulrike Siewert, Wolfgang Lieb, Andreas Luchner, Angela Döring, Ulrich Keil, Hans-Werner Hense, Heribert Schunkert. (2010) Variation in Body Composition Determines Long-Term Blood Pressure Changes in Pre-Hypertension. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 56:1, 65-76
CrossRef94
Randy Wexler. (2010) Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring in Primary Care. Southern Medical Journal 103:5, 447-452
CrossRef95
Pankaj Arora, Christopher Newton-Cheh. (2010) Blood pressure and human genetic variation in the general population. Current Opinion in Cardiology 25:3, 229-237
CrossRef96
Jessica Kendrick, Michel Chonchol, Hannes Gnahn, Dirk Sander. (2010) Higher systolic blood pressure is associated with progression of carotid intima–media thickness in patients with chronic kidney disease. Kidney International 77:9, 794-800
CrossRef97
Bonita Falkner, Empar Lurbe, Franz Schaefer. (2010) High Blood Pressure in Children: Clinical and Health Policy Implications. The Journal of Clinical Hypertension 12:4, 261-276
CrossRef98
Chisa Matsumoto, Hirofumi Tomiyama, Mutsuo Yamazaki, Yasuhiro Sagawa, Kunihiko Teraoka, Tsunemichi Shirota, Yoshinori Miyawaki, Akira Yamashina. (2010) Significance of the second peak of systolic blood pressure for identifying both high and low cardiovascular risk states. Hypertension Research 33:4, 360-366
CrossRef99
Vitantonio Di Bello, Enrica Talini, Giulia Dell'Omo, Cristina Giannini, Maria Grazia Delle Donne, Maria Laura Canale, Carmela Nardi, Caterina Palagi, Frank Lloyd Dini, Giuseppe Penno, Stefano Del Prato, Mario Marzilli, Roberto Pedrinelli. (2010) Early Left Ventricular Mechanics Abnormalities in Prehypertension: A Two-Dimensional Strain Echocardiography Study. American Journal of Hypertension 23:4, 405-412
CrossRef100
T. Sehestedt, J. Jeppesen, T. W. Hansen, K. Wachtell, H. Ibsen, C. Torp-Petersen, P. Hildebrandt, M. H. Olsen. (2010) Risk prediction is improved by adding markers of subclinical organ damage to SCORE. European Heart Journal 31:7, 883-891
CrossRef101
R. W. Steiner. (2010) ‘Normal for Now’ or ‘At Future Risk’: A Double Standard for Selecting Young and Older Living Kidney Donors. American Journal of Transplantation 10:4, 737-741
CrossRef102
Liqiang Zheng, Zhaoqing Sun, Xingang Zhang, Changlu Xu, Jue Li, Dayi Hu, Yingxian Sun. (2010) Predictors of progression from prehypertension to hypertension among rural Chinese adults: results from Liaoning Province. European Journal of Cardiovascular Prevention & Rehabilitation 17:2, 217-222
CrossRef103
Kamila S. White. (2010) Assessment and Treatment of Psychological Causes of Chest Pain. Medical Clinics of North America 94:2, 291-318
CrossRef104
V A Cornelissen, B Verheyden, A E Aubert, R H Fagard. (2010) Effects of aerobic training intensity on resting, exercise and post-exercise blood pressure, heart rate and heart-rate variability. Journal of Human Hypertension 24:3, 175-182
CrossRef105
F. Wilford Germino, Joel Neutel, Mako Nonaka, Sheldon S. Hendler. (2010) The Impact of Lactotripeptides on Blood Pressure Response in Stage 1 and Stage 2 Hypertensives. The Journal of Clinical Hypertension 12:3, 153-159
CrossRef106
Charles J Everett, Ivar L Frithsen. (2010) Evidence that prehypertension is a risk factor for Type 2 diabetes. Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy 8:3, 335-337
CrossRef107
Roberto Pedrinelli, Maria Laura Canale, Cristina Giannini, Enrica Talini, Giuseppe Penno, Giulia DellʼOmo, Vitantonio Di Bello. (2010) Right ventricular dysfunction in early systemic hypertension: a tissue Doppler imaging study in patients with high-normal and mildly increased arterial blood pressure. Journal of Hypertension 28:3, 615-621
CrossRef108
Monisankar Roy, Noman Mahmood, Clive Rosendorff. (2010) Evidence for Aggressive Blood Pressure–Lowering Goals in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease. Current Atherosclerosis Reports 12:2, 134-139
CrossRef109
Cynthia Cheng, Constantine Daskalakis, Bonita Falkner. (2010) Association of Capillary Density and Function Measures With Blood Pressure, Fasting Plasma Glucose, and Insulin Sensitivity. The Journal of Clinical Hypertension 12:2, 125-135
CrossRef110
Hiromichi Wada, Noriko Satoh, Shuji Kitaoka, Koh Ono, Tatsuya Morimoto, Teruhisa Kawamura, Tameo Nakano, Masatoshi Fujita, Toru Kita, Akira Shimatsu, Koji Hasegawa. (2010) Soluble VEGF receptor-2 is increased in sera of subjects with metabolic syndrome in association with insulin resistance. Atherosclerosis 208:2, 512-517
CrossRef111
Shepard D. Weiner, LeRoy E. Rabbani. (2010) Secondary prevention strategies for coronary heart disease. Journal of Thrombosis and Thrombolysis 29:1, 8-24
CrossRef112
Li-Kuo Liu, Li-Ning Peng, Liang-Kung Chen, Shinn-Jang Hwang, Shu-Ti Chiou. (2010) Prehypertension Among Middle-Aged and Elderly People in Taiwan: A Five-Year Follow-Up. Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis 17:2, 189-194
CrossRef113
Naoki Oyama, Yoshiki Yagita, Tsutomu Sasaki, Emi Omura-Matsuoka, Yasukazu Terasaki, Yukio Sugiyama, Saburo Sakoda, Kazuo Kitagawa. (2010) An angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker can preserve endothelial function and attenuate brain ischemic damage in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Journal of Neuroscience Researchn/a-n/a
CrossRef114
Soo Jeong Kim, Jakyoung Lee, Sun Ha Jee, Chung Mo Nam, Kihong Chun, Il Soo Park, Soon Young Lee. (2010) Cardiovascular Risk Factors for Incident Hypertension in the Prehypertensive Population. Epidemiology and Health 32,
CrossRef115
Omer Gedikli, Abdulkadir Kiris, Serkan Ozturk, Davut Baltaci, Kayhan Karaman, Ismet Durmus, Merih Baykan, Sukru Celik. (2010) Effects of Prehypertension on Arterial Stiffness and Wave Reflections. Clinical and Experimental Hypertension 32:2, 84-89
CrossRef116
Eduardo Pimenta, Suzanne Oparil. (2010) Prehypertension: epidemiology, consequences and treatment. Nature Reviews Nephrology 6:1, 21-30
CrossRef117
Rebecca M. Sealey, Wade H. Sinclair, Paige Pollock, Anne-Marie Wright. (2010) A case study identifying disease risk factor prevalence in government office workers in Queensland, Australia. International Journal of Workplace Health Management 3:1, 34-43
CrossRef118
Shari S. Bassuk, JoAnn E. Manson. 2010. Gender-Specific Aspects of Selected Coronary Heart Disease Risk FactorsA Summary of the Epidemiologic Evidence. , 162-174.
CrossRef119
Gordon T. Mcinnes. (2009) Drug treatment of prehypertension: Not now, not ever?. Blood Pressure 18:6, 304-307
CrossRef120
Daniela Lucini, Mara Malacarne, Nadia Solaro, Silvano Busin, Massimo Pagani. (2009) Complementary medicine for the management of chronic stress: superiority of active versus passive techniques. Journal of Hypertension 27:12, 2421-2428
CrossRef121
K. A. Britton, J. M. Gaziano, L. Djousse. (2009) Normal systolic blood pressure and risk of heart failure in US male physicians. European Journal of Heart Failure 11:12, 1129-1134
CrossRef122
Thomas Sehestedt, Jørgen Jeppesen, Tine W Hansen, Susanne Rasmussen, Kristian Wachtell, Hans Ibsen, Christian Torp-Pedersen, Michael H Olsen. (2009) Risk stratification with the risk chart from the European Society of Hypertension compared with SCORE in the general population. Journal of Hypertension 27:12, 2351-2357
CrossRef123
Alfred O. Mueck, Harald Seeger, Kai-J. Bühling. (2009) Use of dydrogesterone in hormone replacement therapy. Maturitas 65, S51-S60
CrossRef124
Kofo O. Ogunyankin, Andrew G. Day. (2009) Successful treatment of hypertension accounts for improvements in markers of diastolic function − a pilot study comparing hydrochlorothiazide-based and amlodipine-based treatment strategies. Canadian Journal of Cardiology 25:12, e406-e412
CrossRef125
M. Bohm, F. Mahfoud, C. Werner, K. Teo, M. Baumhakel. (2009) Cardiovascular protection: a breakthrough for high-risk patients. European Heart Journal Supplements 11:Suppl F, F19-F26
CrossRef126
Procolo Di Bonito, Claudia Forziato, Eduardo Sanguigno, Teresa Di Fraia, Francesco Saitta, Maria Rosaria Iardino, Carolina Scilla, Luigi Cavuto, Girolamo Sibilio, Nicola Moio, Brunella Capaldo. (2009) Prehypertension in Outpatient Obese Children. American Journal of Hypertension 22:12, 1309-1313
CrossRef127
Amanda Elisabeth Kiely, Shawn Gaurav Kwatra, Madan Mohan Kwatra. (2009) Treating prehypertension: medically sound and economically viable. Blood Pressure 18:6, 300-303
CrossRef128
Wilbert S. Aronow. (2009) Hypertension in the Elderly. Clinics in Geriatric Medicine 25:4, 579-590
CrossRef129
Jiang He, Dongfeng Gu, Jing Chen, Xigui Wu, Tanika N Kelly, Jian-feng Huang, Ji-chun Chen, Chung-Shiuan Chen, Lydia A Bazzano, Kristi Reynolds, Paul K Whelton, Michael J Klag. (2009) Premature deaths attributable to blood pressure in China: a prospective cohort study. The Lancet 374:9703, 1765-1772
CrossRef130
Thomas D. Giles, Barry J. Materson, Jay N. Cohn, John B. Kostis. (2009) Definition and Classification of Hypertension: An Update. The Journal of Clinical Hypertension 11:11, 611-614
CrossRef131
Carlos Lorenzo, KoKo Aung, Michael P. Stern, Steven M. Haffner. (2009) Pulse Pressure, Prehypertension, and Mortality: The San Antonio Heart Study. American Journal of Hypertension 22:11, 1219-1226
CrossRef132
Peter Kokkinos, Michael Doumas, Jonathan Myers, Charles Faselis, Athanasios Manolis, Andreas Pittaras, John Peter Kokkinos, Vasilios Papademetriou, Steven Singh, Ross D. Fletcher. (2009) A graded association of exercise capacity and all-cause mortality in males with high-normal blood pressure. Blood Pressure 18:5, 261-267
CrossRef133
David J. Hyman, George E. Taffet. (2009) Blood pressure control in the elderly: Can you have too much of a good thing?. Current Hypertension Reports 11:5, 337-342
CrossRef134
Mangesh S. Pednekar, Rajeev Gupta, Prakash C. Gupta. (2009) Association of Blood Pressure and Cardiovascular Mortality in India: Mumbai Cohort Study. American Journal of Hypertension 22:10, 1076-1084
CrossRef135
N. Ataei, M. Hosseini, M. Iranmanesh. (2009) The Relationship of Body Mass Index and Blood Pressure in Iranian Children <7 Years Old. Journal of Tropical Pediatrics 55:5, 313-317
CrossRef136
Mary L. Greaney, Lisa M. Quintiliani, Erica T. Warner, Diane K. King, Karen M. Emmons, Graham A. Colditz, Russell E. Glasgow, Gary G. Bennett. (2009) Weight Management Among Patients at Community Health Centers: The “Be Fit, Be Well” Study. Obesity and Weight Management 5:5, 222-228
CrossRef137
Jiali Ye, George Rust, Peter Baltrus, Elvan Daniels. (2009) Cardiovascular Risk Factors among Asian Americans: Results from a National Health Survey. Annals of Epidemiology 19:10, 718-723
CrossRef138
Lawrence J. Appel. (2009) ASH position paper: Dietary approaches to lower blood pressure. Journal of the American Society of Hypertension 3:5, 321-331
CrossRef139
Mika Kastarinen, Riitta Antikainen, Markku Peltonen, Tiina Laatikainen, Noel C Barengo, Antti Jula, Veikko Salomaa, Pekka Jousilahti, Aulikki Nissinen, Erkki Vartiainen, Jaakko Tuomilehto. (2009) Prevalence, awareness and treatment of hypertension in Finland during 1982–2007. Journal of Hypertension 27:8, 1552-1559
CrossRef140
Felipe F. Reichert, Mario R. Azevedo, Anelise Breier, Aline M. Gerage. (2009) Physical activity and prevalence of hypertension in a population-based sample of Brazilian adults and elderly. Preventive Medicine 49:2-3, 200-204
CrossRef141
Joep Perk. (2009) Risk factor management: a practice guide. European Journal of Cardiovascular Prevention & Rehabilitation 16:Supplement 1, S24-S28
CrossRef142
Lawrence J. Appel, . (2009) ASH Position Paper: Dietary Approaches to Lower Blood Pressure. The Journal of Clinical Hypertension 11:7, 358-368
CrossRef143
Sérgio Lamêgo Rodrigues, Lílian C.S. Ângelo, Alexandre C. Pereira, José Eduardo Krieger, José Geraldo Mill. (2009) Determinants of left ventricular mass and presence of metabolic risk factors in normotensive individuals. International Journal of Cardiology 135:3, 323-330
CrossRef144
Nigel S. Beckett, Dean J. Noimark. (2009) Hypertension therapy in the oldest patients. Current Cardiovascular Risk Reports 3:4, 239-246
CrossRef145
Thomas Sehestedt, Jørgen Jeppesen, Tine W Hansen, Susanne Rasmussen, Kristian Wachtell, Hans Ibsen, Christian Torp-Pedersen, Michael H Olsen. (2009) Which markers of subclinical organ damage to measure in individuals with high normal blood pressure?. Journal of Hypertension 27:6, 1165-1171
CrossRef146
Hirofumi Tomiyama, Chisa Matsumoto, Jiko Yamada, Masanobu Yoshida, Mari Odaira, Kazuki Shiina, Mikio Nagata, Akira Yamashina. (2009) Predictors of Progression From Prehypertension to Hypertension in Japanese Men. American Journal of Hypertension 22:6, 630-636
CrossRef147
Igor A Sobenin, Irina V Andrianova, Igor V Fomchenkov, Tatiana V Gorchakova, Alexander N Orekhov. (2009) Time-released garlic powder tablets lower systolic and diastolic blood pressure in men with mild and moderate arterial hypertension. Hypertension Research 32:6, 433-437
CrossRef148
Markus P Schneider, Roland E Schmieder. (2009) Risk prediction in subjects with high-normal blood pressure. Journal of Hypertension 27:6, 1126-1128
CrossRef149
Kurt J Greenlund, Martha L Daviglus, Janet B Croft. (2009) Differences in healthy lifestyle characteristics between adults with prehypertension and normal blood pressure. Journal of Hypertension 27:5, 955-962
CrossRef150
William B. Kannel. (2009) Hypertension: Reflections on Risks and Prognostication. Medical Clinics of North America 93:3, 541-558
CrossRef151
William J. Mosley, Donald M. Lloyd-Jones. (2009) Epidemiology of Hypertension in the Elderly. Clinics in Geriatric Medicine 25:2, 179-189
CrossRef152
Dahai Yu, Jianfeng Huang, Dongsheng Hu, Jichun Chen, Jie Cao, Jianxin Li, Dongfeng Gu. (2009) Association Between Prehypertension and Clustering of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors Among Chinese Adults. Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology 53:5, 388-400
CrossRef153
Nancy L. Chase, Xuemei Sui, Duck-chul Lee, Steven N. Blair. (2009) The Association of Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Physical Activity With Incidence of Hypertension in Men. American Journal of Hypertension 22:4, 417-424
CrossRef154
Christos Chatzikyrkou, Hermann Haller, Jan Menne. (2009) Fixed-dose combination of lercanidipine/enalapril in the treatment of hypertension in the elderly. Aging Health 5:2, 141-149
CrossRef155
Dongfeng Gu, Jing Chen, Xigui Wu, Xiufang Duan, Daniel W Jones, Jian-feng Huang, Chung-Shiuan Chen, Ji-chun Chen, Tanika N Kelly, Paul K Whelton, Jiang He. (2009) Prehypertension and risk of cardiovascular disease in Chinese adults. Journal of Hypertension 27:4, 721-729
CrossRef156
Emmanuel G. Ciolac, Guilherme V. Guimarães, Veridiana M. D´Àvila, Luiz A. Bortolotto, Egidio L. Doria, Edimar A. Bocchi. (2009) Acute effects of continuous and interval aerobic exercise on 24-h ambulatory blood pressure in long-term treated hypertensive patients. International Journal of Cardiology 133:3, 381-387
CrossRef157
K.-H. Su, J.-Y. Tsai, Y. R. Kou, A.-N. Chiang, S.-H. Hsiao, Y.-L. Wu, H.-H. Hou, C.-C. Pan, S.-K. Shyue, T.-S. Lee. (2009) Valsartan regulates the interaction of angiotensin II type 1 receptor and endothelial nitric oxide synthase via Src/PI3K/Akt signalling. Cardiovascular Research
CrossRef158
Atsushi Hozawa, Shinichi Kuriyama, Masako Kakizaki, Kaori Ohmori-Matsuda, Takayoshi Ohkubo, Ichiro Tsuji. (2009) Attributable Risk Fraction of Prehypertension on Cardiovascular Disease Mortality in the Japanese Population: The Ohsaki Study. American Journal of Hypertension 22:3, 267-272
CrossRef159
Christopher Newton-Cheh, Martin G Larson, Ramachandran S Vasan, Daniel Levy, Kenneth D Bloch, Aarti Surti, Candace Guiducci, Sekar Kathiresan, Emelia J Benjamin, Joachim Struck, Nils G Morgenthaler, Andreas Bergmann, Stefan Blankenberg, Frank Kee, Peter Nilsson, Xiaoyan Yin, Leena Peltonen, Erkki Vartiainen, Veikko Salomaa, Joel N Hirschhorn, Olle Melander, Thomas J Wang. (2009) Association of common variants in NPPA and NPPB with circulating natriuretic peptides and blood pressure. Nature Genetics 41:3, 348-353
CrossRef160
Guido Ferretti, Ferdinando Iellamo, Paolo Pizzinelli, Marcel A Kenfack, Frédéric Lador, Daniela Lucini, Alberto Porta, Krzysztof Narkiewicz, Massimo Pagani. (2009) Prolonged head down bed rest-induced inactivity impairs tonic autonomic regulation while sparing oscillatory cardiovascular rhythms in healthy humans. Journal of Hypertension 27:3, 551-561
CrossRef161
Somashree Chakraborty, Gausal A. Khan, Soumendra K. Karmohapatra, Rabindra Bhattacharya, Gorachand Bhattacharya, A. Kumar Sinha. (2009) Purification and mechanism of action of “cortexin,” a novel antihypertensive protein hormone from kidney and its role in essential hypertension in men. Journal of the American Society of Hypertension 3:2, 119-132
CrossRef162
G. Tocci, F. Giovannelli, S. Sciarretta, A. Ferrucci, G. B. Zito, M. Volpe. (2009) Management of hypertension and stroke prevention: results of the Italian cardiologist survey. International Journal of Clinical Practice 63:2, 207-216
CrossRef163
Melinda Carrington. (2009) Prehypertension causes a mounting problem of harmful cardiovascular disease risk in young adults. Journal of Hypertension 27:2, 214-215
CrossRef164
Ibrahim, Hassan N., Foley, Robert, Tan, LiPing, Rogers, Tyson, Bailey, Robert F., Guo, Hongfei, Gross, Cynthia R., Matas, Arthur J., . (2009) Long-Term Consequences of Kidney Donation. New England Journal of Medicine 360:5, 459-469
Full Text165
Simona Bo, Roberto Gambino, Luigi Gentile, Gianfranco Pagano, Rosalba Rosato, Giorgio Maria Saracco, Maurizio Cassader, Marilena Durazzo, Paolo Cavallo-Perin. (2009) High-normal blood pressure is associated with a cluster of cardiovascular and metabolic risk factors: a population-based study. Journal of Hypertension 27:1, 102-108
CrossRef166
Joo Young Lee, Song Vogue Ahn, Dong Phil Choi, Mina Suh, Hyeon Chang Kim, Young Sam Kim, Il Suh. (2009) Association between Hypertension and Pulmonary Function in Rural Adults in Korea. Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health 42:1, 21
CrossRef167
Yoshihiro Kokubo, Kei Kamide. (2009) High-Normal Blood Pressure and the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease. Circulation Journal 73:8, 1381-1385
CrossRef168
Mingzhi Zhang, Buren Batu, Weijun Tong, Hongmei Li, Zhe Lin, Yongshan Li, Xianyu Zhang, Yonghong Zhang. (2009) Prehypertension and Cardiovascular Risk Factor Clustering Among Mongolian Population in Rural and Animal Husbandry Area, Inner Mongolia, China. Circulation Journal 73:8, 1437-1441
CrossRef169
Young-Hoon Lee, Sun-Seog Kweon, Jin-Su Choi, Jung-Ae Rhee, Sung-Woo Choi, So-Yeon Ryu, Min-Ho Shin. (2009) Association of Blood Pressure Levels with Carotid Intima-Media Thickness and Plaques. Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health 42:5, 298
CrossRef170
Anna C. Buck, David R. Williams, Marc A. Musick, Michelle J. Sternthal. (2009) An examination of the relationship between multiple dimensions of religiosity, blood pressure, and hypertension. Social Science & Medicine 68:2, 314-322
CrossRef171
Udaya P. Udayaraj, Retha Steenkamp, Fergus J. Caskey, Chris Rogers, Dorothea Nitsch, David Ansell, Charles R.V. Tomson. (2009) Blood Pressure and Mortality Risk on Peritoneal Dialysis. American Journal of Kidney Diseases 53:1, 70-78
CrossRef172
M. K. Duda, K. M. O'Shea, A. Tintinu, W. Xu, R. J. Khairallah, B. R. Barrows, D. J. Chess, A. M. Azimzadeh, W. S. Harris, V. G. Sharov, H. N. Sabbah, W. C. Stanley. (2008) Fish oil, but not flaxseed oil, decreases inflammation and prevents pressure overload-induced cardiac dysfunction. Cardiovascular Research 81:2, 319-327
CrossRef173
Thomas G Pickering, William Gerin, Joseph E Schwartz, Tanya M Spruill, Karina W Davidson. (2008) Franz Volhard lecture: should doctors still measure blood pressure? The missing patients with masked hypertension. Journal of Hypertension 26:12, 2259-2267
CrossRef174
Christian Delles. (2008) Risk factors and target organ damage: is there a special case for prehypertension?. Journal of Hypertension 26:12, 2268-2270
CrossRef175
Gavin R Norton, Muzi Maseko, Elena Libhaber, Carlos D Libhaber, Olebogeng HI Majane, Patrick Dessein, Pinhas Sareli, Angela J Woodiwiss. (2008) Is prehypertension an independent predictor of target organ changes in young-to-middle-aged persons of African descent?. Journal of Hypertension 26:12, 2279-2287
CrossRef176
Suzanne Oparil, Steven G. Chrysant, Dean Kereiakes, Jianbo Xu, Kathleen J. Chavanu, William Waverczak, Robert Dubiel. (2008) Results of an Olmesartan Medoxomil-Based Treatment Regimen in Hypertensive Patients. The Journal of Clinical Hypertension 10:12, 911-921
CrossRef177
Rebbeca A. Grysiewicz, Kurian Thomas, Dilip K. Pandey. (2008) Epidemiology of Ischemic and Hemorrhagic Stroke: Incidence, Prevalence, Mortality, and Risk Factors. Neurologic Clinics 26:4, 871-895
CrossRef178
D Gareth Beevers. (2008) Hypertension in practice: towards the year 2010. Therapy 5:6, 759-771
CrossRef179
Dahai Yu, Jianfeng Huang, Dongsheng Hu, Jichun Chen, Jie Cao, Jianxin Li, Dongfeng Gu. (2008) Prevalence and Risk Factors of Prehypertension Among Chinese Adults. Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology 52:4, 363-368
CrossRef180
Brent M. Egan, Stevo Julius. (2008) Prehypertension: Risk stratification and management considerations. Current Hypertension Reports 10:5, 359-366
CrossRef181
Abhijit A. Shinde, Allen S. Anderson. (2008) Treatment of Hypertension in Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction: Role of the Kidney. Heart Failure Clinics 4:4, 479-503
CrossRef182
Marcello Ricardo Paulista Markus, Jan Stritzke, Wolfgang Lieb, Björn Mayer, Andreas Luchner, Angela Döring, Ulrich Keil, Hans-Werner Hense, Heribert Schunkert. (2008) Implications of persistent prehypertension for ageing-related changes in left ventricular geometry and function: The MONICA/KORA Augsburg study. Journal of Hypertension 26:10, 2040-2049
CrossRef183
A. Young, L. Storsley, A. X. Garg, D. Treleaven, C. Y. Nguan, M. S. Cuerden, M. Karpinski. (2008) Health Outcomes for Living Kidney Donors with Isolated Medical Abnormalities: A Systematic Review. American Journal of Transplantation 8:9, 1878-1890
CrossRef184
Helmy Siragy, Jiqian Huang, David C Lieb. (2008) The development of the direct renin inhibitor aliskiren: treating hypertension and beyond. Expert Opinion on Emerging Drugs 13:3, 417-430
CrossRef185
Mahmoud Emara, Ahmed Ragheb, Abubaker Hassan, Ahmed Shoker. (2008) Evidence for a need to mandate kidney transplant living donor registries. Clinical Transplantation 22:5, 525-531
CrossRef186
Saamir A. Hassan, Anita Deswal, Biykem Bozkurt, David Aguilar, Douglas L. Mann, Allison M. Pritchett. (2008) The Metabolic Syndrome and Mortality in an Ethnically Diverse Heart Failure Population. Journal of Cardiac Failure 14:7, 590-595
CrossRef187
Ede Kékes. (2008) A kombinált antihipertenzív és antilipid-kezelés mint a polipill preventív stratégia egyik pillére a nagy cardiovascularis rizikójú egyénekben. Orvosi Hetilap 149:39, 1827-1837
CrossRef188
G Zhao, E S Ford, A H Mokdad. (2008) Racial/ethnic variation in hypertension-related lifestyle behaviours among US women with self-reported hypertension. Journal of Human Hypertension 22:9, 608-616
CrossRef189
Kim A. Connelly, Darren Yuen. (2008) Optimal Blood Pressure Control in High-Risk Groups: Are the Guidelines Letting Us Down?. Southern Medical Journal 101:9, 884-885
CrossRef190
Jan N. Basile. (2008) Rationale for Fixed-Dose Combination Therapy to Reach Lower Blood Pressure Goals. Southern Medical Journal 101:9, 918-924
CrossRef191
Wiesław Pilis, Wiktor Niewiadomski, Janusz Wojtyna, Marek Chorąży, Józef Langfort. (2008) Correlation Between Circulatory and Somatic Variables in Young and Elderly Men. Medicina Sportiva 12:3, 51-55
CrossRef192
R. Mogelvang, P. Sogaard, S. A. Pedersen, N. T. Olsen, P. Schnohr, J. S. Jensen. (2008) Tissue Doppler echocardiography in persons with hypertension, diabetes, or ischaemic heart disease: the Copenhagen City Heart Study. European Heart Journal 30:6, 731-739
CrossRef193
H. Trivedi, Q. Xiang, J. P. Klein. (2008) Risk factors for non-fatal myocardial infarction and cardiac death in incident dialysis patients. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 24:1, 258-266
CrossRef194
Altan Onat, Mehmet Yazici, Günay Can, Zekeriya Kaya, Serkan Bulur, Gülay Hergenç. (2008) Predictive Value of Prehypertension for Metabolic Syndrome, Diabetes, and Coronary Heart Disease Among Turks. American Journal of Hypertension 21:8, 890-895
CrossRef195
Ross Pacini, Dhaval R. Patel, Venkata Bavikati, Laurence S. Sperling. (2008) Prehypertension: Detection, evaluation, and management. Current Treatment Options in Cardiovascular Medicine 10:4, 273-282
CrossRef196
Nancy R Cook. (2008) Salt intake, blood pressure and clinical outcomes. Current Opinion in Internal Medicine 7:4, 362-366
CrossRef197
Norman M. Kaplan. (2008) Treating prehypertension: A review of the evidence. Current Hypertension Reports 10:4, 326-329
CrossRef198
David Wojciechowski, Vasilios Papademetriou. (2008) Does rapidity of blood pressure lowering affect outcomes in hypertension treatment?. Current Cardiovascular Risk Reports 2:4, 255-261
CrossRef199
Stephan Lüders, Joachim Schrader, Jürgen Berger, Thomas Unger, Walter Zidek, Michael Böhm, Martin Middeke, Wolfgang Motz, Cornelia Lübcke, Andrea Gansz, Ludmer Brokamp, Roland E Schmieder, Peter Trenkwalder, Herrmann Haller, Peter Dominiak. (2008) The PHARAO study: prevention of hypertension with the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor ramipril in patients with high-normal blood pressure – a prospective, randomized, controlled prevention trial of the German Hypertension League. Journal of Hypertension 26:7, 1487-1496
CrossRef200
David Conen, Fabian Bamberg. (2008) Noninvasive 24-h ambulatory blood pressure and cardiovascular disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Hypertension 26:7, 1290-1299
CrossRef201
Burkert Pieske, Rolf Wachter. (2008) Impact of diabetes and hypertension on the heart. Current Opinion in Cardiology 23:4, 340-349
CrossRef202
Barbara Strasser, Paul Haber, Christoph Strehblow, Edmund Cauza. (2008) The benefit of strength training on arterial blood pressure in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus measured with ambulatory 24-hour blood pressure systems. Wiener Medizinische Wochenschrift 158:13-14, 379-384
CrossRef203
Alejandro de la Sierra, Manuel Gorostidi, Rafael Marín, Josep Redón, José R. Banegas, Pedro Armario, Juan García Puig, Julio Zarco, José L. Llisterri, Carlos Sanchís, Benjamín Abarca, Vicente Palomo, Ramón Gomis, Alfonso Otero, Fernando Villar, Jesús Honorato, Juan Tamargo, José M. Lobos, Juan Macías-Núñez, Antonio Sarría, Pedro Aranda, Luis M. Ruilope. (2008) Evaluación y tratamiento de la hipertensión arterial en España. Documento de consenso. Medicina Clínica 131:3, 104-116
CrossRef204
Mrunalini Deshmukh, Ho Won Lee, Samy I. McFarlane, Adam Whaley-Connell. (2008) Antihypertensive medications and their effects on lipid metabolism. Current Diabetes Reports 8:3, 214-220
CrossRef205
John M. Flack, Samar A. Nasser, Shannon M. O’Connor. (2008) Underuse of antihypertensive therapies in at-risk populations. Current Cardiovascular Risk Reports 2:3, 192-197
CrossRef206
Wolfgang Lieb, Ramachandran S Vasan. (2008) Prevention strategies for hypertension: who should be targeted?. Future Cardiology 4:3, 211-213
CrossRef207
Cynthia Cheng, James J. Diamond, Bonita Falkner. (2008) Functional Capillary Rarefaction in Mild Blood Pressure Elevation. Clinical and Translational Science 1:1, 75-79
CrossRef208
Nancy R Cook. (2008) Salt intake, blood pressure and clinical outcomes. Current Opinion in Nephrology and Hypertension 17:3, 310-314
CrossRef209
Hiroyuki Takase, Yasuaki Dohi, Takayuki Toriyama, Tateo Okado, Satoru Tanaka, Koichi Sato, Genjiro Kimura. (2008) Metabolic Disorders Predict Development of Hypertension in Normotensive Japanese Subjects. Hypertension Research 31:4, 665-671
CrossRef210
Qiuping Gu, Vicki L. Burt, Ryne Paulose-Ram, Sarah Yoon, Richard F. Gillum. (2008) High Blood Pressure and Cardiovascular Disease Mortality Risk Among U.S. Adults: The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Mortality Follow-up Study. Annals of Epidemiology 18:4, 302-309
CrossRef211
Paula Tanabe, Stephen D. Persell, James G. Adams, Jennifer C. McCormick, Zoran Martinovich, David W. Baker. (2008) Increased Blood Pressure in the Emergency Department: Pain, Anxiety, or Undiagnosed Hypertension?. Annals of Emergency Medicine 51:3, 221-229
CrossRef212
B. G. Bell, J. Belsky. (2008) Parenting and children's cardiovascular functioning. Child: Care, Health and Development 34:2, 194-203
CrossRef213
Mohsen Janghorbani, Masoud Amini, Mohammad Mehdi Gouya, Alireza Delavari, Siamak Alikhani, Alireza Mahdavi. (2008) Nationwide survey of prevalence and risk factors of prehypertension and hypertension in Iranian adults. Journal of Hypertension 26:3, 419-426
CrossRef214
Christopher J. O’Donnell, Roberto Elosua. (2008) Factores de riesgo cardiovascular. Perspectivas derivadas del Framingham Heart Study. Revista Española de Cardiología 61:3, 299-310
CrossRef215
S. Patel, M. R. Adams. (2008) Prevention of cardiac disease: lifestyle modification or pharmacotherapy?. Internal Medicine Journal 38:3, 199-203
CrossRef216
Crystal M Rasnake, Paula R Trumbo, Therese M Heinonen. (2008) Surrogate endpoints and emerging surrogate endpoints for risk reduction of cardiovascular disease. Nutrition Reviews 66:2, 76-81
CrossRef217
Yechiam Ostchega, Jeffery P. Hughes, Jacqueline D. Wright, Margaret A. McDowell, Tatiana Louis. (2008) Are Demographic Characteristics, Health Care Access and Utilization, and Comorbid Conditions Associated With Hypertension Among US Adults?. American Journal of Hypertension 21:2, 159-165
CrossRef218
Young-Mook Kim, Kyung-Soon Hong, Young-Ho Choi, Moon-Gi Choi, Jin-Young Jeong, Jung-mee Lee, Dong-Hyun Kim. (2008) Rates and Related Factors of Progression to Hypertension among Prehypertensive Local Residents Aged 45 or Over in Chuncheon City: Hallym Aging Study from a Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study. Korean Circulation Journal 38:1, 43
CrossRef219
Dimitris P. PAPADOPOULOS, Thomas K. MAKRIS, Vasilios PAPADEMETRIOU. (2008) Is It Time to Treat Prehypertension?. Hypertension Research 31:9, 1681-1686
CrossRef220
W.J. Elliott. (2008) Prehypertension and Cardiovascular Disease Risk in the Women's Health Initiative. Yearbook of Medicine 2008, 345-347
CrossRef221
Alejandro de la Sierra. (2008) The Clinical Significance of Metabolic Syndrome in Hypertension: Metabolic Syndrome Increases Cardiovascular Risk. High Blood Pressure & Cardiovascular Prevention 15:2, 53-57
CrossRef222
Bernard M.Y Cheung, Nelson M.S Wat, Y. B Man, Sidney Tam, C. H Cheng, Gabriel M Leung, Jean Woo, Edward D Janus, C. P Lau, T. H Lam, Karen S.L Lam. (2008) Relationship Between the Metabolic Syndrome and the Development of Hypertension in the Hong Kong Cardiovascular Risk Factor Prevalence Study-2 (CRISPS2). American Journal of Hypertension 21:1, 17-22
CrossRef223
W.J. Elliott. (2008) Risk of cardiovascular events among women with high normal blood pressure or blood pressure progression: prospective cohort study. Yearbook of Medicine 2008, 347-349
CrossRef224
Kyung-Soon Hong. (2008) Prehypertension. Korean Circulation Journal 38:1, 1
CrossRef225
Matthew R. Weir. (2008) Risk-Based Classification of Hypertension and the Role of Combination Therapy. The Journal of Clinical Hypertension 10:s1, 4-12
CrossRef226
Hideo MATSUURA. (2008) Prehypertension and Metabolic Syndrome: Prevention of Hypertension and Cardiovascular Events. Hypertension Research 31:7, 1275-1276
CrossRef227
Sebastian Polak, Aleksander Mendyk. (2008) Artificial neural networks based Internet hypertension prediction tool development and validation. Applied Soft Computing 8:1, 734-739
CrossRef228
William B. White, Vladimir Hanes, Madhavi Mallareddy, Vijay Chauhan. (2008) Effects of the hormone therapy, drospirenone and 17-beta estradiol, on early morning blood pressure in postmenopausal women with hypertension. Journal of the American Society of Hypertension 2:1, 20-27
CrossRef229
Martin J Turner, Johan M van Schalkwyk. (2008) Blood Pressure Variability Causes Spurious Identification of Hypertension in Clinical Studies: A Computer Simulation Study. American Journal of Hypertension 21:1, 85-91
CrossRef230
Hongmei Li, Tan Xu, Weijun Tong, Yanbin Liu, Li Zhao, Yonghong Zhang. (2008) Comparison of Cardiovascular Risk Factors Between Prehypertension and Hypertension in a Mongolian Population, Inner Mongolia, China. Circulation Journal 72:10, 1666-1673
CrossRef231
Wenquan Niu, Yue Qi, Shuqin Hou, Wenyu Zhou, Changchun Qiu. (2007) Correlation of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 gene polymorphisms with stage 2 hypertension in Han Chinese. Translational Research 150:6, 374-380
CrossRef232
D. Strödter. (2007) Prämature Atherosklerose. Gefässchirurgie 12:6, 401-412
CrossRef233
G Yang, X O Shu, Y T Gao, X Zhang, H Li, W Zheng. (2007) Impacts of weight change on prehypertension in middle-aged and elderly women. International Journal of Obesity 31:12, 1818-1825
CrossRef234
Keith Norris, Joel M. Neutel. (2007) Emerging Insights in the First-Step Use of Antihypertensive Combination Therapy. The Journal of Clinical Hypertension 9:s12, 5-14
CrossRef235
Disaya Chavalitdhamrong, Gabriel M. Danovitch, Suphamai Bunnapradist. (2007) CARDIOVASCULAR AND SURVIVAL PARADOXES IN DIALYSIS PATIENTS: Is There a Reversal of Reverse Epidemiology in Renal Transplant Recipients?. Seminars in Dialysis 20:6, 544-548
CrossRef236
Daniel A. Duprez. (2007) Does it matter how you lower blood pressure in patients with uncomplicated hypertension? Weighing the evidence. Current Atherosclerosis Reports 9:5, 352-358
CrossRef237
Csaba P. Kovesdy, John E. Anderson. (2007) CARDIOVASCULAR AND SURVIVAL PARADOXES IN DIALYSIS PATIENTS: Reverse Epidemiology in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease Who Are Not Yet on Dialysis. Seminars in Dialysis 20:6, 566-569
CrossRef238
Xavier Pi-Sunyer. (2007) The Metabolic Syndrome: How to Approach Differing Definitions. Medical Clinics of North America 91:6, 1025-1040
CrossRef239
Tamara B. Horwich, Gregg C. Fonarow. (2007) CARDIOVASCULAR AND SURVIVAL PARADOXES IN DIALYSIS PATIENTS: Reverse Epidemiology beyond Dialysis Patients: Chronic Heart Failure, Geriatrics, Rheumatoid Arthritis, COPD, and AIDS. Seminars in Dialysis 20:6, 549-553
CrossRef240
Claudio Borghi, Maddalena Veronesi, Eugenio Cosentino, Arrigo FG Cicero, Frederick Kuria, Ada Dormi, Ettore Ambrosioni. (2007) Interaction between serum cholesterol levels and the renin–angiotensin system on the new onset of arterial hypertension in subjects with high-normal blood pressure. Journal of Hypertension 25:10, 2051-2057
CrossRef241
Xiaolian Jiang, Janet W Sit, Thomas KS Wong. (2007) A nurse-led cardiac rehabilitation programme improves health behaviours and cardiac physiological risk parameters: evidence from Chengdu, China. Journal of Clinical Nursing 16:10, 1886-1897
CrossRef242
William C. Cushman. (2007) JNC-7 guidelines: Are they still relevant?. Current Hypertension Reports 9:5, 380-386
CrossRef243
Thomas G. Pickering. (2007) The Natural History of Hypertension: Prehypertension or Masked Hypertension?. The Journal of Clinical Hypertension 9:10, 807-810
CrossRef244
Qiong Yang, Sung K Kim, Fengzhu Sun, Jing Cui, Martin G Larson, Ramachandran S Vasan, Daniel Levy, Faina Schwartz. (2007) Maternal influence on blood pressure suggests involvement of mitochondrial DNA in the pathogenesis of hypertension: the Framingham Heart Study. Journal of Hypertension 25:10, 2067-2073
CrossRef245
William J Elliott, Henry R Black. (2007) Prehypertension. Nature Clinical Practice Cardiovascular Medicine 4:10, 538-548
CrossRef246
Vivencio Barrios, Carlos Escobar, Alberto Calderon. (2007) Candesartan: from left ventricular hypertrophy to heart failure, a global approach. Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy 5:5, 825-834
CrossRef247
Helmy M. Siragy. (2007) TROPHY for preventing hypertension. Current Hypertension Reports 9:4, 259-260
CrossRef248
&NA;. (2007) FULL TEXT Chapter 1: Introduction. European Journal of Cardiovascular Prevention & Rehabilitation 14:Supplement 2, S2-S113
CrossRef249
(2007) Guías de práctica clínica para el tratamiento de la hipertensión arterial 2007. Revista Española de Cardiología 60:9, 968.e1-968.e94
CrossRef250
Chobanian, Aram V., . (2007) Isolated Systolic Hypertension in the Elderly. New England Journal of Medicine 357:8, 789-796
Full Text251
Richard K. Kwok, Pauline Mendola, Zhi Yi Liu, David A. Savitz, Gerardo Heiss, He Ling Ling, Yajuan Xia, Danelle Lobdell, Donglin Zeng, John M. Thorp, John P. Creason, Judy L. Mumford. (2007) Drinking water arsenic exposure and blood pressure in healthy women of reproductive age in Inner Mongolia, China. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 222:3, 337-343
CrossRef252
Donald M. Lloyd-Jones. (2007) Clinical trials report. Current Cardiovascular Risk Reports 1:3, 185-187
CrossRef253
Barry J. Materson. (2007) How “pre” is prehypertension?. Current Hypertension Reports 9:3, 173-174
CrossRef254
Massimo Volpe, Giuliano Tocci, Bruno Trimarco, Enrico Agabiti Rosei, Claudio Borghi, Ettore Ambrosioni, Alessandro Menotti, Alberto Zanchetti, Giuseppe Mancia. (2007) Blood pressure control in Italy: results of recent surveys on hypertension. Journal of Hypertension 25:7, 1491-1498
CrossRef255
Yechiam Ostchega, Charles F. Dillon, Jeffery P. Hughes, Margaret Carroll, Sarah Yoon. (2007) Trends in Hypertension Prevalence, Awareness, Treatment, and Control in Older U.S. Adults: Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1988 to 2004. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 55:7, 1056-1065
CrossRef256
Kuo-Liong Chien, Hsiu-Ching Hsu, Fung-Chang Sung, Ta-Chen Su, Ming-Fong Chen, Yuan-Teh Lee. (2007) Incidence of hypertension and risk of cardiovascular events among ethnic Chinese: report from a community-based cohort study in Taiwan. Journal of Hypertension 25:7, 1355-1361
CrossRef257
Stephen D. Persell. (2007) Prehypertension: Progression to hypertension and management considerations. Current Cardiovascular Risk Reports 1:3, 188-197
CrossRef258
S. R. Kalidindi, E. M. Tuzcu, S. J. Nicholls. (2007) Role of imaging end points in atherosclerosis trials: focus on intravascular ultrasound. International Journal of Clinical Practice 61:6, 951-962
CrossRef259
G. Fernández Fresnedo, C. Gómez Alamillo, E. Rodrigo Calabia, M. Arias Rodríguez. (2007) Tratamiento de la hipertensión arterial. Medicine - Programa de Formación Médica Continuada Acreditado 9:82, 5272-5282
CrossRef260
Peter Bolli, Brenda Hemmelgarn, Martin G. Myers, Donald McKay, Guy Tremblay, Sheldon W. Tobe. (2007) High normal blood pressure and prehypertension: The debate continues. Canadian Journal of Cardiology 23:7, 581-583
CrossRef261
Raj S. Padwal, Brenda R. Hemmelgarn, Finlay A. McAlister, Donald W. McKay, Steven Grover, Thomas Wilson, Brian Penner, Ellen Burgess, Peter Bolli, Michael Hill, Jeff Mahon, Martin G. Myers, Carl Abbott, Ernesto L. Schiffrin, George Honos, Karen Mann, Guy Tremblay, Alain Milot, Lyne Cloutier, Arun Chockalingam, Nadia A. Khan, Simon W. Rabkin, Martin Dawes, Rhian M. Touyz, Sheldon W. Tobe. (2007) The 2007 Canadian Hypertension Education Program recommendations for the management of hypertension: Part 1 – blood pressure measurement, diagnosis and assessment of risk. Canadian Journal of Cardiology 23:7, 529-538
CrossRef262
Shawna D Nesbitt. (2007) Treatment options for prehypertension. Current Opinion in Nephrology and Hypertension 16:3, 250-255
CrossRef263
Zhaoqing Sun, Liqiang Zheng, Yidong Wei, Jue Li, Xinzhong Zhang, Xingang Zhang, Shuangshuang Liu, Changlu Xu, Jiajin Li, Fenfen Zhao, Guanghui Dong, Dayi Hu, Yingxian Sun. (2007) The prevalence of prehypertension and hypertension among rural adults in liaoning province of China. Clinical Cardiology 30:4, 183-187
CrossRef264
Weranuj Roubsanthisuk, Unticha Wongsurin, Surachai Saravich, Peera Buranakitjaroen. (2007) Blood pressure determination by traditionally trained personnel is less reliable and tends to underestimate the severity of moderate to severe hypertension. Blood Pressure Monitoring 12:2, 61-68
CrossRef265
William J. Elliott. (2007) Systemic Hypertension. Current Problems in Cardiology 32:4, 201-259
CrossRef266
Jean-Philippe Lengelé, Wouter J Vinck, Jean-François De Plaen, Alexandre Persu. (2007) Cardiovascular risk assessment in hypertensive patients: major discrepancy according to ESH and SCORE strategies. Journal of Hypertension 25:4, 757-762
CrossRef267
Katerina Sarri, Manolis Linardakis, Caroline Codrington, Anthony Kafatos. (2007) Does the periodic vegetarianism of Greek Orthodox Christians benefit blood pressure?. Preventive Medicine 44:4, 341-348
CrossRef268
Thomas D. Giles, Suzanne Oparil, Tonous N. Silfani, Antonia Wang, J. Findlay Walker. (2007) Comparison of Increasing Doses of Olmesartan Medoxomil, Losartan Potassium, and Valsartan in Patients With Essential Hypertension. The Journal of Clinical Hypertension 9:3, 187-195
CrossRef269
M. Pfeuffer, J. Schrezenmeir. (2007) Milk and the metabolic syndrome. Obesity Reviews 8:2, 109-118
CrossRef270
J K Inrig, E Z Oddone, V Hasselblad, Barbara Gillespie, U D Patel, D Reddan, R Toto, J Himmelfarb, J F Winchester, J Stivelman, R M Lindsay, L A Szczech. (2007) Association of intradialytic blood pressure changes with hospitalization and mortality rates in prevalent ESRD patients. Kidney International 71:5, 454-461
CrossRef271
Farahnak Assadi. (2007) Effect of Microalbuminuria Lowering on Regression of Left Ventricular Hypertrophy in Children and Adolescents with Essential Hypertension. Pediatric Cardiology 28:1, 27-33
CrossRef272
M A Tedesco, F Natale, R Mocerino, G Tassinario, R Calabrò. (2007) Renal resistive index and cardiovascular organ damage in a large population of hypertensive patients. Journal of Human Hypertension
CrossRef273
Byung Jin Kim, Hyun Jong Lee, Ki Chul Sung, Bum Soo Kim, Jin Ho Kang, Man Ho Lee, Jung Ro Park. (2007) Comparison of Microalbuminuria in 2 Blood Pressure Categories of Prehypertensive Subjects. Circulation Journal 71:8, 1283-1287
CrossRef274
Masood Gilani, Daniel R. Kaiser, Christopher W. Bratteli, Cheryl Alinder, Scott Rajala, Alan J. Bank, Jay N. Cohn. (2007) Role of nitric oxide deficiency and its detection as a risk factor in pre-hypertension. Journal of the American Society of Hypertension 1:1, 45-55
CrossRef275
Chan Seok Park, Hee-Yeol Kim, Hun-Jun Park, Sung-Won Jang, Sang-Hyun Ihm, Jong-Min Lee, Ki-Dong Yoo, Doo-Soo Jeon, Sang-Hong Baek, Ho-Joong Youn, Ki-Bae Seung, Jae-Hyung Kim, Kyu-Bo Choi. (2007) Association between the JNC 7 Classification of the Stages of Systolic Hypertension and Inflammatory Cardiovascular Risk Factors. Korean Circulation Journal 37:12, 623
CrossRef276
Zhaoqing Sun, Liqiang Zheng, Yidong Wei, Jue Li, Xinzhong Zhang, Xingang Zhang, Shuangshuang Liu, Changlu Xu, Jiajin Li, Fenfen Zhao, Dayi Hu, Yingxian Sun. (2007) Prevalence and Risk Factors of the Rural Adult People Prehypertension Status in Liaoning Province of China. Circulation Journal 71:4, 550-553
CrossRef277
Shigemasa HASHIMOTO, Koichi NODE. (2007) Rinsho yakuri/Japanese Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics 38:4, 197-203
CrossRef278
J H Feng, G A MacGregor. 2007. Dietary salt, high blood pressure and other harmful effects on health. , 18-54.
CrossRef279
Robert J. Petrella, Elizabeth P. Merikle, Jared Jones. (2007) Prevalence, Treatment, and Control of Hypertension in Primary Care: Gaps, Trends, and Opportunities. The Journal of Clinical Hypertension 9:1, 28-35
CrossRef280
David H G Smith. (2007) Fixed-Dose Combination Antihypertensives and Reduction in Target Organ Damage. American Journal of Cardiovascular Drugs 7:6, 413-422
CrossRef281
Apurva Motivala, Bertram Pitt. (2007) Drospirenone for Oral Contraception and Hormone Replacement Therapy. Drugs 67:5, 647-655
CrossRef282
Minoru Yambe, Hirofumi Tomiyama, Jiko Yamada, Yutaka Koji, Kohki Motobe, Kazuki Shiina, Yoshio Yamamoto, Akira Yamashina. (2007) Arterial stiffness and progression to hypertension in Japanese male subjects with high normal blood pressure. Journal of Hypertension 25:1, 87-93
CrossRef283
W.J. Elliott. (2007) Blood Pressure Usually Considered Normal Is Associated with an Elevated Risk of Cardiovascular Disease. Yearbook of Cardiology 2007, 38-40
CrossRef284
Robert Feneck. (2007) Drugs for the Perioperative Control of Hypertension. Drugs 67:14, 2023-2044
CrossRef285
Eun Hee Nah, Hee Chul Kim. (2007) Comparison of Cardiovascular Risk Factors between Normotension and Prehypertension. The Korean Journal of Laboratory Medicine 27:5, 377
CrossRef286
Claudio Borghi, Arrigo FG Cicero. (2006) Fixed combination of zofenopril plus hydrochlorothiazide in the management of hypertension: a review of available data. Vascular Health and Risk Management 2:4, 341-349
CrossRef287
Thomas D. Giles. (2006) Should we redefine hypertension?. Current Cardiology Reports 8:6, 395-398
CrossRef288
2006. Venous Thromboembolism. .
CrossRef289
William B. Kannel, Peter W. F. Wilson. 2006. Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease and the Framingham Study Equation. , 1-18.
CrossRef290
Stanley S Franklin, Michael G Barboza, Jose R Pio, Nathan D Wong. (2006) Blood pressure categories, hypertensive subtypes, and the metabolic syndrome. Journal of Hypertension 24:10, 2009-2016
CrossRef291
Daniel A Duprez, Daniel J Wilson. 2006. Arterial Hypertension. , 19-62.
CrossRef292
C SERNACANDEL. (2006) Evidencia científica en el tratamiento de la hipertensión arterial crónica en la prevención del ictus. Medicina Clínica 127:16, 626-633
CrossRef293
Philip R. Liebson. (2006) CHARISMA and TROPHY. Preventive Cardiology 9:4, 235-238
CrossRef294
Massimo Volpe, Giuliano Tocci. (2006) Antihypertensive therapy and cerebrovascular protection. Current Opinion in Nephrology and Hypertension 15:5, 498-504
CrossRef295
Shawna D. Nesbitt. (2006) Perspectives on Prehypertension. Journal of the CardioMetabolic Syndrome 1:5, 366-368
CrossRef296
Matthew R. Weir. (2006) Clinical trials report. Current Hypertension Reports 8:5, 393-394
CrossRef297
Karen J McConnell, Emily B Zadvorny, Angela M Hardy, Thomas Delate, Jon R Rasmussen, John A Merenich. (2006) Coronary Artery Disease and Hypertension: Outcomes of a Pharmacist-Managed Blood Pressure Program. Pharmacotherapy 26:9, 1333-1341
CrossRef298
Dan Carl, Domenic A. Sica. (2006) Clinical trials report. Current Hypertension Reports 8:4, 307-308
CrossRef299
Giuseppe Mancia, Gianfranco Parati, Claudio Borghi, Giuseppe Ghironzi, Egidio Andriani, Liano Marinelli, Mariaconsuelo Valentini, Francesco Tessari, Ettore Ambrosioni. (2006) Hypertension prevalence, awareness, control and association with metabolic abnormalities in the San Marino population: the SMOOTH study. Journal of Hypertension 24:5, 837-843
CrossRef300
R H Orakzai, S H Orakzai, K Nasir, R D Santos, J S Rana, I Pimentel, J A M Carvalho, R Meneghello, R S Blumenthal. (2006) Association of white blood cell count with systolic blood pressure within the normotensive range. Journal of Human Hypertension 20:5, 341-347
CrossRef301
Sid Gilman. (2006) Pharmacologic management of ischemic stroke: Relevance to stem cell therapy. Experimental Neurology 199:1, 28-36
CrossRef302
Julius, Stevo, Nesbitt, Shawna D., Egan, Brent M., Weber, Michael A., Michelson, Eric L., Kaciroti, Niko, Black, Henry R., Grimm, Richard H. Jr., Messerli, Franz H., Oparil, Suzanne, Schork, M. Anthony, . (2006) Feasibility of Treating Prehypertension with an Angiotensin-Receptor Blocker. New England Journal of Medicine 354:16, 1685-1697
Full Text303
Schunkert, Heribert, . (2006) Pharmacotherapy for Prehypertension — Mission Accomplished?. New England Journal of Medicine 354:16, 1742-1744
Full Text304
Linda Davrath, Itzik Pinhas, Eran Toledo, Solange Akselrod. 2006. Hypertension: Time-Frequency Analysis for Early Diagnosis. .
CrossRef305
Ihab Hajjar, Jane Morley Kotchen, Theodore A. Kotchen. (2006) HYPERTENSION: Trends in Prevalence, Incidence, and Control. Annual Review of Public Health 27:1, 465-490
CrossRef306
Maria Penco, Renata Petroni, Francesca Pastori, Simona Fratini, Silvio Romano. (2006) Should sports activity be encouraged or contraindicated in hypertensive subjects?. Journal of Cardiovascular Medicine 7:4, 288-295
CrossRef307
T-C Su, K-L Chien, J-S Jeng, C-J Chang, H-C Hsu, M-F Chen, F-C Sung, Y-T Lee. (2006) Pulse pressure, aortic regurgitation and carotid atherosclerosis: a comparison between hypertensives and normotensives. International Journal of Clinical Practice 60:2, 134-140
CrossRef308
No??l C. Barengo, Mika Kastarinen, Timo Lakka, Aulikki Nissinen, Jaakko Tuomilehto. (2006) Different forms of physical activity and cardiovascular risk factors among 24???64-year-old men and women in Finland. European Journal of Cardiovascular Prevention & Rehabilitation 13:1, 51-59
CrossRef309
V J Karthikeyan, Gregory YH Lip. (2006) Blood pressure control and prevention of stroke. Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics 6:2, 203-212
CrossRef310
Heart Failure Society Of America. (2006) Executive Summary: HFSA 2006 Comprehensive Heart Failure Practice Guideline. Journal of Cardiac Failure 12:1, 10-38
CrossRef311
Fernando de ??lvaro, Miguel Angel Hern??ndez-Presa. (2006) Effect of Doxazosin Gastrointestinal Therapeutic System on Patients with Uncontrolled Hypertension: The ASOCIA Study. Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology 47:2, 271-276
CrossRef312
Heart Failure Society of America. (2006) Section 14: Managing Patients With Hypertension and Heart Failure. Journal of Cardiac Failure 12:1, e112-e114
CrossRef313
Japanese Society of Hypertension. (2006) Japanese Society of Hypertension Guidelines for the Management of Hypertension (JSH 2004). Hypertension Research 29:Suppl, S1-S106
CrossRef314
Kayalar Atilla, Ramachandran S Vasan. (2006) Prehypertension and risk of cardiovascular disease. Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy 4:1, 111-117
CrossRef315
Ikuo SAITO, Takao SARUTA. (2006) Controlled Release Nifedipine and Valsartan Combination Therapy in Patients with Essential Hypertension: The Adalat CR and Valsartan Cost-Effectiveness Combination (ADVANCE-Combi) Study. Hypertension Research 29:10, 789-796
CrossRef316
Giorgio Sesti, Massimo Volpe, Francesco Cosentino, Gaetano Crepaldi, Stefano Del Prato, Giuseppe Mancia, Enzo Manzato, Alessandro Menotti, Antonio Tiengo, Augusto Zaninelli. (2006) Metabolic Syndrome. High Blood Pressure & Cardiovascular Prevention 13:4, 185-198
CrossRef317
Abhijit V. Kshirsagar, Suma Vupputuri, David A. Shoham, Heejung Bang, Romulo E. Colindres, Ross J. Simpson. (2006) Does Cholesterol Reduction with Cholestyramine Prevent Coronary Heart Disease among Individuals with Prehypertension?. Clinical Research and Regulatory Affairs 23:3-4, 165-175
CrossRef318
Elizabeth O. Ofili. (2006) Dispelling the Myth of "Aggressive" Antihypertensive Therapy. The Journal of Clinical Hypertension 8:s1, 4-11
CrossRef319
Norman M Kaplan, Lionel H Opie. (2006) Controversies in hypertension. The Lancet 367:9505, 168-176
CrossRef320
William Kannel. 2005. Cardiovascular Risk Assessment. , 12-30.
CrossRef321
Dimitrios P. Papadopoulos, Thomas K. Makris, Panagiota G. Krespi, Maria Poulakou, Georgios Stavroulakis, Antonios N. Hatzizacharias, Despina Perrea, Vasilios V. Votteas. (2005) Adiponectin and Resistin Plasma Levels in Healthy Individuals With Prehypertension. The Journal of Clinical Hypertension 7:12, 729-733
CrossRef322
A. Sánchez Rodríguez, M. Sánchez Ledesma, I. Cruz González. (2005) Hipertensión arterial. Relevancia epidemiológica. Tratamiento farmacológico. Indicaciones. Criterios de respuesta. Asociaciones. Efectos secundarios. Interacciones. Situaciones de especial relevancia. Medicine - Programa de Formación Médica Continuada Acreditado 9:46, 3050-3061
CrossRef323
Anne Z Steiner, Howard N Hodis, Rogerio A Lobo, Donna Shoupe, Min Xiang, Wendy J Mack. (2005) Postmenopausal oral estrogen therapy and blood pressure in normotensive and hypertensive subjects: the Estrogen in the Prevention of Atherosclerosis Trial. Menopause 12:6, 728-733
CrossRef324
Thomas D. Giles, Gary E. Sander. (2005) Pathophysiologic, Diagnostic, and Therapeutic Aspects of the Metabolic Syndrome. The Journal of Clinical Hypertension 7:11, 669-678
CrossRef325
Freek WA Verheugt, Sidney C Smith. (2005) The lady aspirin for cardiovascular disease. The Lancet 366:9492, 1148-1150
CrossRef326
Pierre Lantelme. (2005) Elevated myocardial repolarization lability and reduced arterial baroreflex sensitivity in subjects with high–normal blood pressure. Journal of Hypertension 23:10, 1783-1784
CrossRef327
Thomas D. Giles, Bradford C. Berk, Henry R. Black, Jay N. Cohn, John B. Kostis, Joseph L. Izzo, Michael A. Weber. (2005) Expanding the Definition and Classification of Hypertension. The Journal of Clinical Hypertension 7:9, 505-512
CrossRef328
Giovanni Tripepi, Riccardo Maria Fagugli, Pietro Dattolo, Giovanna Parlongo, Francesca Mallamaci, Umberto Buoncristiani, Carmine Zoccali. (2005) Prognostic value of 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring and of night/day ratio in nondiabetic, cardiovascular events-free hemodialysis patients. Kidney International 68:3, 1294-1302
CrossRef329
Hussam Abuissa, Philip G. Jones, Steven P. Marso, James H. O’Keefe. (2005) Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors or Angiotensin Receptor Blockers for Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 46:5, 821-826
CrossRef330
Suzanne G. Leveille, Yuqing Zhang, William McMullen, Margaret Kelly-Hayes, David T. Felson. (2005) Sex Differences in musculoskeletal pain in older adults. Pain 116:3, 332-338
CrossRef331
Hussam Abuissa, David S. H. Bell, James H. O’Keefe. (2005) Strategies to prevent type 2 diabetes. Current Medical Research and Opinion 21:7, 1107-1114
CrossRef332
Pei-Shan Tsai, Tian-Lu Ke, Chun-Jen Huang, Jen-Chen Tsai, Ping-Ling Chen, Shu-Yi Wang, Yuh-Kae Shyu. (2005) Prevalence and determinants of prehypertension status in the Taiwanese general population. Journal of Hypertension 23:7, 1355-1360
CrossRef333
Rafael Marín, Álex de la Sierra, Pedro Armario, Carlos Campo, José R. Banegas, Manuel Gorostidi. (2005) Guía sobre el diagnóstico y tratamiento de la hipertensión arterial en España 2005. Medicina Clínica 125:1, 24-34
CrossRef334
C E Mogensen. (2005) New concepts in blood pressure-lowering management in diabetic patients: the case for early ACE inhibitor combination therapy with diuretics. Journal of Human Hypertension 19, S15-S20
CrossRef335
Bruce Urch, Frances Silverman, Paul Corey, Jeffrey R. Brook, Karl Z. Lukic, Sanjay Rajagopalan, Robert D. Brook. (2005) Acute Blood Pressure Responses in Healthy Adults During Controlled Air Pollution Exposures. Environmental Health Perspectives 113:8, 1052-1055
CrossRef336
Daniel Schneider, Judith Hsia. (2005) Coronary heart disease prevention in menopausal women. Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy 6:5, 695-705
CrossRef337
E Sankaranarayanan Prakash, , K Raman Sethuraman, Sunil K Narayan. (2005) CARDIOVASCULAR AUTONOMIC REGULATION IN SUBJECTS WITH NORMAL BLOOD PRESSURE, HIGH-NORMAL BLOOD PRESSURE and RECENT-ONSET HYPERTENSION. Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology 32:5-6, 488-494
CrossRef338
H. Haller. (2005) Die neuen Richtlinien zur Behandlung der Hypertonie. Der Internist 46:5, 538-547
CrossRef339
Tejal Shah, Satya S. Jonnalagadda, Jana R. Kicklighter, Sadhna Diwan, Barbara L. Hopkins. (2005) Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome Risk Factors Among Young Adult Asian Indians. Journal of Immigrant Health 7:2, 117-125
CrossRef340
U. E. K. Schnurrbusch, S. Wolf. (2005) Fundus hypertonicus. Der Ophthalmologe 102:3, 301-312
CrossRef341
Bryan Williams. (2005) Recent hypertension trials. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 45:6, 813-827
CrossRef342
No??l C Barengo, Gang Hu, Mika Kastarinen, Timo A Lakka, Heikki Pekkarinen, Aulikki Nissinen, Jaakko Tuomilehto. (2005) Low physical activity as a predictor for antihypertensive drug treatment in 25-64-year-old populations in Eastern and south-western Finland. Journal of Hypertension 23:2, 293-299
CrossRef343
Matthew J. Delmonico, Robert E. Ferrell, Anish Meerasahib, Greg F. Martel, Stephen M. Roth, Matthew C. Kostek, Ben F. Hurley. (2005) Blood Pressure Response to Strength Training May Be Influenced by Angiotensinogen Aâ20C and Angiotensin II Type I Receptor A1166C Genotypes in Older Men and Women. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 53:2, 204-210
CrossRef344
Jay L. Xue, Eric T. Frazier, Charles A. Herzog, Allan J. Collins. (2005) Association of heart disease with diabetes and hypertension in patients with ESRD. American Journal of Kidney Diseases 45:2, 316-323
CrossRef345
Ayten Elvan-Ta??pnar, Michiel L Bots, Arie Franx, Hein W Bruinse, Raoul HH Engelbert. (2005) Stiffness of the arterial wall, joints and skin in women with a history of pre-eclampsia. Journal of Hypertension 23:1, 147-151
CrossRef346
Rajiv Agarwal. (2005) Hypertension and survival in chronic hemodialysis patients-Past lessons and future opportunities. Kidney International 67:1, 1-13
CrossRef347
Teresa M. Seccia, Gian Paolo Rossi. (2005) Clinical Use and Pathogenetic Basis of Laboratory Tests for the Evaluation of Primary Arterial Hypertension. Critical Reviews in Clinical Laboratory Sciences 42:5-6, 393-452
CrossRef348
Ayrton P. Brandão, Marie E.C. Magalhães, Roberto Pozzan, Andrea A. Brandão. (2005) Síndrome metabólico en jóvenes: Diagnóstico y tratamiento. Revista Española de Cardiología 58, 3-13
CrossRef349
Antonio C. Gil-Núñez, José Vivancos-Mora. (2005) Blood Pressure as a Risk Factor for Stroke and the Impact of Antihypertensive Treatment. Cerebrovascular Diseases 20:2, 40-52
CrossRef350
Danuta Czarnecka, Grzegorz Bilo. (2005) A patient with high normal blood pressure – Should we treat?. Blood Pressure 14:s2, 50-52
CrossRef351
Thomas G. Pickering. (2004) Lowering the Thresholds of Disease?Are Any of Us Still Healthy?. The Journal of Clinical Hypertension 6:12, 672-674
CrossRef352
Michael Weber, Jan Basile, Joseph Izzo, Suzanne Oparil. (2004) Blood Pressure Goal Attainment: Meeting the Challenge of the JNC 7's Blood Pressure Goals and the Role of Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System Blockade. The Journal of Clinical Hypertension 6:12, 699-705
CrossRef353
V. Baskar. (2004) Hypertension in diabetes: is there a place for age-adjusted centile cut-offs in those aged <50 years?. QJM 97:11, 747-753
CrossRef354
N AMADOR, J DEJESUSENCARNACION, L RODRIGUEZ, A TELLO, M LOPEZ, J GUIZAR. (2004) Relationship between left ventricular mass and heart sympathetic activity in male obese subjects. Archives of Medical Research 35:5, 411-415
CrossRef355
L.M. Ruilope, M. Volpe. (2004) The case for blood pressure control in risk groups. International Journal of Clinical Practice 58:9, 844-849
CrossRef356
Irene Gavras, Talma Rosenthal. (2004) Combination therapy as first-line treatment for hypertension. Current Hypertension Reports 6:4, 267-272
CrossRef357
Massimo Volpe, Elizabeth Machado. (2004) Treatment priorities and current prescribing patterns in hypertension: results of GRASP, an international physician survey. Current Medical Research and Opinion 20:7, 1151-1160
CrossRef358
Heather L. McGuire, Laura P. Svetkey, David W. Harsha, Patrick J. Elmer, Lawrence J. Appel, Jamy D Ard. (2004) Comprehensive Lifestyle Modification and Blood Pressure Control: A Review of the PREMIER Trial. The Journal of Clinical Hypertension 6:7, 383-390
CrossRef359
Laura P Svetkey, Denise G Simons-Morton, Michael A Proschan, Frank M Sacks, Paul R Conlin, David Harsha, Thomas J Moore, . (2004) Effect of the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension Diet and Reduced Sodium Intake on Blood Pressure Control. The Journal of Clinical Hypertension 6:7, 373-381
CrossRef360
Kristie J Lancaster, Helen Smiciklas-Wright, Lindsay B Weitzel, Diane C Mitchell, Janet M Friedmann, Gordon L Jensen. (2004) Hypertension-related dietary patterns of rural older adults. Preventive Medicine 38:6, 812-818
CrossRef361
Luca De Nicola, Roberto Minutolo, Vincenzo Bellizzi, Carmine Zoccali, Bruno Cianciaruso, Vittorio E Andreucci, Giorgio Fuiano, Giuseppe Conte. (2004) Achievement of target blood pressure levels in chronic kidney disease: a salty question?1 1See Appendix for complete list of investigators in the TABLE in CKD Study Group.. American Journal of Kidney Diseases 43:5, 782-795
CrossRef362
Kamyar Kalantar-Zadeh, Gladys Block, Tamara Horwich, Gregg C Fonarow. (2004) Reverse epidemiology of conventional cardiovascular risk factors in patients with chronic heart failure. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 43:8, 1439-1444
CrossRef363
Joel M. Neutel, David H.G. Smith, Micheal A. Weber, Antonia C. Wang, Harvey N. Masonson. (2004) Use of an Olmesartan Medoxomil-Based Treatment Algorithm for Hypertension Control. The Journal of Clinical Hypertension 6:4, 168-399
CrossRef364
J. T. Newsom, M. S. Kaplan, N. Huguet, B. H. McFarland. (2004) Health Behaviors in a Representative Sample of Older Canadians: Prevalences, Reported Change, Motivation to Change, and Perceived Barriers. The Gerontologist 44:2, 193-205
CrossRef365
Massimo Volpe. (2004) Hypertension therapy: Mixing, matching, and meeting targets. Advances in Therapy 21:2, 107-122
CrossRef366
Philip M. Mottram, Brian Haluska, Satoshi Yuda, Rodel Leano, Thomas H. Marwick. (2004) Patients with a hypertensive response to exercise have impaired systolic function without diastolic dysfunction or left ventricular hypertrophy. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 43:5, 848-853
CrossRef367
Linda S. Pescatello, Barry A. Franklin, Robert Fagard, William B. Farquhar, George A. Kelley, Chester A. Ray. (2004) Exercise and Hypertension. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 36:3, 533-553
CrossRef368
Claudio Borghi, Maddalena Veronesi, Stefano Bacchelli, Daniela Degli Esposti, Eugenio Cosentino, Effore Ambrosioni. (2004) Serum cholesterol levels, blood pressure response to stress and incidence of stable hypertension in young subjects with high normal blood pressure. Journal of Hypertension 22:2, 265-272
CrossRef369
Christianne L Roumie, Marie R Griffin. (2004) Over-the-Counter Analgesics in Older Adults. Drugs & Aging 21:8, 485-498
CrossRef370
Hirofumi TOMIYAMA, Tomio ARAI, Yutaka KOJI, Minoru YAMBE, Kohki MOTOBE, Glunisa ZAYDUN, Yoshio YAMAMOTO, Saburoh HORI, Akira YAMASHINA. (2004) The Age-Related Increase in Arterial Stiffness Is Augmented in Phases According to the Severity of Hypertension. Hypertension Research 27:7, 465-470
CrossRef371
Masakazu Washio, Shoji Tokunaga, Kouichi Yoshimasu, Hiroko Kodama, Ying Liu, Shizuka Sasazuki, Keitaro Tanaka, Suminori Kono, Masahiro Mohri, Akira Takeshita, Kikuo Arakawa, Munehito Ideishi, Takanobu Nii, Kazuyuki Shirai, Hidekazu Arai, Yoshitaka Doi, Tomoki Kawano, Osamu Nakagaki, Kazuyuki Takada, Koji Hiyamuta, Samon Koyanagi. (2004) Role of Prehypertension in the Development of Coronary Atherosclerosis in Japan. Journal of Epidemiology 14:2, 57-62
CrossRef372
Giuseppe Mancia. (2004) The new European Guidelines in Hypertension. American Journal of Cardiovascular Drugs 4:Special Issue 1, 1-6
CrossRef373
Giuseppe Mancia, Guido Grassi. (2004) The Hypertension Guidelines of the Seventh Joint National Committee. High Blood Pressure & Cardiovascular Prevention 11:2, 55-59
CrossRef374
Robert H Fagard. (2004) Do We Need Drug Therapy to Manage Mild Hypertension in the Elderly?. Drugs & Aging 21:1, 1-6
CrossRef375
H-C Koennecke. (2004) Secondary Prevention of Stroke. CNS Drugs 18:4, 221-241
CrossRef376
Luis M Ruilope, Luis Usan, Juli??n Segura, George L Bakris. (2004) Intervention at lower blood pressure levels to achieve target goals in type 2 diabetes. Journal of Hypertension 22:1, 217-222
CrossRef377
Norman M Kaplan. (2004) What can we expect from new guidelines?. Medical Clinics of North America 88:1, 141-148
CrossRef378
S. Havas, E. J. Roccella, C. Lenfant. (2004) Reducing the Public Health Burden From Elevated Blood Pressure Levels in the United States by Lowering Intake of Dietary Sodium. American Journal of Public Health 94:1, 19-22
CrossRef379
Guy De Backer, Ettore Ambrosioni, Knut Broch-Johnsen, Carlos Brotons, Renata Cifkova, Jean Dallongeville, Shah Ebrahim, Ole Faergeman, Ian Graham, Guiseppe Mancia, Volkert Manger Cats, Kristina Orth-Gom??r, Joep Perk, Kalevi Py??r??l??, Jos?? L. Rodicio, Susana Sans, Vedat Sansoy, Udo Sechtem, Sigmund Silber, Troels Thomsen, David Wood. (2003) European guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice Third Joint Task Force of European and other Societies on Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Clinical Practice (constituted by representatives of eight societies and by invited experts). European Journal of Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation 10:Supplement 1, S1-S78
CrossRef380
T. S. Nawrot, E. D. Hond, R. H. Fagard, K. Hoppenbrouwers, J. A. Staessen. (2003) Blood pressure, serum total cholesterol and contraceptive pill use in 17-year-old girls. European Journal of Cardiovascular Prevention & Rehabilitation 10:6, 438-442
CrossRef381
Salom?? Muray, Eva Parisi, Anna Card??s, Lourdes Craver, Elvira Fern??ndez. (2003) Influence of vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms and 25-hydroxyvitamin D on blood pressure in apparently healthy subjects. Journal of Hypertension 21:11, 2069-2075
CrossRef382
(2003) 2003 World Health Organization (WHO)/International Society of Hypertension (ISH) statement on management of hypertension. Journal of Hypertension 21:11, 1983-1992
CrossRef383
Shirley R. Craddick, Patricia J. Elmer, Eva Obarzanek, William M. Vollmer, Laura P. Svetkey, Martha C. Swain. (2003) The DASH diet and blood pressure. Current Atherosclerosis Reports 5:6, 484-491
CrossRef384
George L. Bakris, Nauman Tarif, Henry R. Black. 2003. Arterial Hypertension in Diabetes: Etiology and Treatment. .
CrossRef385
Luis M. Ruilope. (2003) Lessons from trials in hypertensive type 2 diabetic patients. Current Hypertension Reports 5:4, 322-328
CrossRef386
RAJIV AGARWAL. (2003) Selection of Initial Antihypertensive Therapy, Regimen Design, and Goal Blood Pressure. Cardiology in Review 11:4, 197-205
CrossRef387
C. E. Mogensen. (2003) Microalbuminuria and hypertension with focus on type 1 and type 2 diabetes*. Journal of Internal Medicine 254:1, 45-66
CrossRef388
Laura P Svetkey, David W Harsha, William M Vollmer, Victor J Stevens, Eva Obarzanek, Patricia J Elmer, Pao-Hwa Lin, Catherine Champagne, Denise G Simons-Morton, Mikel Aickin, Michael A Proschan, Lawrence J Appel. (2003) Premier: a clinical trial of comprehensive lifestyle modification for blood pressure control: rationale, design and baseline characteristics. Annals of Epidemiology 13:6, 462-471
CrossRef389
Henry R. Black. (2003) Doxazosin as Combination Therapy for Patients with Stage 1 and Stage 2 Hypertension. Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology 41:6, 866-869
CrossRef390
Derek Finnegan. (2003) The health effects of stimulant drinks. Nutrition Bulletin 28:2, 147-155
CrossRef391
Wei X. Lu, Jay Lakkis, Matthew R. Weir. (2003) Optimizing target-organ protection in patients with diabetes mellitus: Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers?. Current Hypertension Reports 5:3, 192-198
CrossRef392
Timo E. Strandberg, Kaisu Pitkala. (2003) What is the most important component of blood pressure: systolic, diastolic or pulse pressure?. Current Opinion in Nephrology and Hypertension 12:3, 293-297
CrossRef393
Michael H. Freitag, Ramachandran S. Vasan. (2003) What is normal blood pressure?. Current Opinion in Nephrology and Hypertension 12:3, 285-292
CrossRef394
Jan A Staessen, Jiguang Wang, Giuseppe Bianchi, Willem H Birkenhäger. (2003) Essential hypertension. The Lancet 361:9369, 1629-1641
CrossRef395
William J. Elliott. (2003) The Economic Impact of Hypertension. The Journal of Clinical Hypertension 5:3, 3-13
CrossRef396
D. W. Droste, M. A. Ritter, R. Dittrich, S. Heidenreich, T. Wichter, M. Freund, E. B. Ringelstein. (2003) Arterial hypertension and ischaemic stroke. Acta Neurologica Scandinavica 107:4, 241-251
CrossRef397
Andrew M. Naidech, Leon A. Weisberg. (2003) Treatment of Chronic Hypertension for the Prevention of Stroke. Southern Medical Journal 96:4, 359-362
CrossRef398
Carolyn B. Yucha, Mark C. K. Yang, Pei-Shan Tsai, Kristine S. Calderon. (2003) Comparison of Blood Pressure Measurement Consistency Using Tonometric and Automated Oscillometric Instruments. Journal of Nursing Measurement 11:1, 73-88
CrossRef399
Kamyar Kalantar-Zadeh, Gladys Block, Michael H. Humphreys, Joel D. Kopple. (2003) Reverse epidemiology of cardiovascular risk factors in maintenance dialysis patients. Kidney International 63:3, 793-808
CrossRef400
August, Phyllis, . (2003) Initial Treatment of Hypertension. New England Journal of Medicine 348:7, 610-617
Full Text401
Barry J Materson. (2003) What defines an adolescent as having hypertension?. Journal of Hypertension 21:1, 13-14
CrossRef402
Faina Reinprecht, Sölve Elmståhl, Lars Janzon, Lena André-Petersson. (2003) Hypertension and changes of cognitive function in 81-year-old men. Journal of Hypertension 21:1, 57-66
CrossRef403
Stefano Taddei, Lorenzo Ghiadoni, Antonio Salvetti. (2003) Current Treatment of Patients with Hypertension. Drugs 63:14, 1435-1444
CrossRef404
Stanley S Franklin, Nathan D Wong. (2002) Cardiovascular risk evaluation. Journal of Hypertension 20:11, 2127-2130
CrossRef405
Alberto Zanchetti, Luis M Ruilope. (2002) Antihypertensive treatment in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus. Journal of Hypertension 20:11, 2099-2110
CrossRef406
Brett L. Cucchiara, Scott E. Kasner. (2002) Atherosclerotic risk factors in patients with ischemic cerebrovascular disease. Current Treatment Options in Neurology 4:6, 445-453
CrossRef407
A ANGIUS, E PETRETTO, G MAESTRALE, P FORABOSCO, G CASU, D PIRAS, M FANCIULLI, M FALCHI, P MELIS, M PALERMO. (2002) A New Essential Hypertension Susceptibility Locus on Chromosome 2p24-p25, Detected by Genomewide Search. The American Journal of Human Genetics 71:4, 893-905
CrossRef408
Karen Rowland Yeo, Wilfred W. Yeo. (2002) Should we treat high-normal blood pressure?. Journal of Hypertension 20:10, 2057-2062
CrossRef409
C. Richard Conti. (2002) Is “optimal” blood pressure an attainable goal?. Clinical Cardiology 25:9, 403-404
CrossRef410
Paul R. Conlin. (2002) Critical Pathways. Critical Pathways in Cardiology: A Journal of Evidence-Based Medicine 1:3, 184-193
CrossRef411
Emelia J Benjamin, Sidney C Smith, Richard S Cooper, Martha N Hill, Russell V Luepker. (2002) Task Force #1—magnitude of the prevention problem: opportunities and challenges. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 40:4, 588-603
CrossRef412
Karin Skov, Stevo Julius, Shawna Nesbitt, Michael J. Mulvany. (2002) Can hypertension be prevented? The Danish Hypertension Prevention Project and the Trial of Prevention of Hypertension studies. Current Opinion in Cardiology 17:4, 380-384
CrossRef413
Valérie Tikhonoff, Edoardo Casiglia, Tim Nawrot, Jan A. Staessen. (2002) Should high-normal blood pressure be treated?. Journal of Hypertension 20:5, 1028-1030
CrossRef414
Michael E. Ernst, George R. Bergus. (2002) Noninvasive 24-Hour Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring: Overview of Technology and Clinical Applications. Pharmacotherapy 22:5, 597-612
CrossRef415
M GODIN, B LEGALLICIER. (2002) La prise en charge de l'hypertension artériellemodifie-t-elle la morbidité et la mortalité cardiovasculaires?. La Revue de Médecine Interne 23, 10s-12s
CrossRef416
Rajiv Agarwal. (2002) Reply from the author. Kidney International 61:3, 1180-1181
CrossRef417
H G L M Grundmeijer. (2002) Preventie in de huisartsgeneeskunde; vroeger, nu en in de toekomstgenetica hart- en vaatziekten huisartsgeneeskunde preventie screening Woudschoten. Huisarts en Wetenschap 45:2, 792-797
CrossRef418
Marvin Moser. (2002) A “Touch” of High Blood Pressure. The Journal of Clinical Hypertension 4:1, 10-12
CrossRef419
Panza, Julio A., . (2001) High-Normal Blood Pressure — More “High” Than “Normal”. New England Journal of Medicine 345:18, 1337-1340
Full Text
