Correspondence
False Positive Test for Aspergillus Antigenemia Related to Concomitant Administration of Piperacillin and Tazobactam
N Engl J Med 2003; 349:2366-2367December 11, 2003
- Article
To the Editor:
The detection of aspergillus galactomannan antigenemia is a method used in the diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis.1,2 Some transient false positive reactions have been reported with the use of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays in relation to the passage of galactomannan of food origin through the intestinal mucosa or in relation to possible interactions with antibiotics, including piperacillin.3 We report a recent marked increase in the frequency of false positive tests and its relation to the concomitant administration of piperacillin and tazobactam.
Between May 1 and July 15, 2003, 931 serum samples were examined for the presence of galactomannan with the use of the Platelia aspergillus kit (Bio-Rad). The charts of all the patients with positive results for galactomannan antigenemia (optical-density index, >1.5) and of 37 patients with persistently negative results were reviewed for the diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis, according to the criteria of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer–Mycoses Study Group.4 Concomitant administration of drugs, including antibiotics, was recorded as a possible cause of false positive reactions.3 During the study period, 103 of the serum samples, obtained from 37 patients, were positive. The diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis was probable in three of these patients and possible in one. Among the remaining 33 patients and among the 37 patients with persistently negative results on tests for antigenemia, there were no clinical or radiologic signs of invasive aspergillosis. In most cases, galactomannan antigen levels abruptly increased to high positive values in consecutive samples — a finding confirmed with different batches of Platelia kits.
A chart review showed that 25 of the 37 patients with positive tests for galactomannan antigenemia were receiving a combination of piperacillin and tazobactam, as compared with 2 of 37 patients with persistently negative tests (chi-square = 28.22; P<0.001). In the patients treated with this drug combination, galactomannan antigen levels increased as early as one day after the initiation of treatment and became undetectable one to six days after cessation.
Four batches of the piperacillin–tazobactam used during this period were found to be positive for galactomannan (optical-density index, >1.5) at concentrations between 6 and 200 mg per milliliter (i.e., usual plasma concentrations after intravenous administration). Piperacillin alone yielded negative results; data for tazobactam alone were unavailable.
These results are highly suggestive of strong cross-reactivity of the Platelia aspergillus test with the piperacillin–tazobactam combination. This phenomenon seems to be recent and may be restricted to a limited number of batches of the drug combination. While further investigations are in progress to determine the origin of these false positive reactions and to explore cross-reactivity with other beta-lactam antibiotics, we urge clinicians and biologists to be aware of the possible occurrence of false positive results, which might lead to inappropriate invasive investigations or treatments.
4 ReferencesAnnie Sulahian, Ph.D.
Sophie Touratier, Pharm.D.
Patricia Ribaud, M.D.
St. Louis Hospital, 75010 Paris, France
paracord@wanadoo.fr 1
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Sulahian A ,Boutboul F ,Ribaud P ,Leblanc T ,Lacroix C ,Derouin F . Value of antigen detection using an enzyme immunoassay in the diagnosis and prediction of invasive aspergillosis in two adult and pediatric hematology units during a 4-year prospective study. Cancer 2001;91:311-318
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