Correspondence
Ovarian Function after Transplantation of Frozen, Banked Autologous Ovarian Tissue
N Engl J Med 2000; 342:1919June 22, 2000
- Article
To the Editor:
Studies in animals and humans have shown that cryopreserved ovarian tissue can be transplanted successfully.1-4 We report the successful transplantation of frozen, banked autologous ovarian tissue according to a protocol approved by the institutional review board at our center.
The patient was a 29-year-old woman who had undergone a right salpingo-oophorectomy and wedge resection of the left ovary at the age of 17 years in order to remove dermoid cysts. Exercise-induced hypothalamic amenorrhea developed in her early 20s. At the age of 28 years, a left salpingo-oophorectomy was performed because of intractable menometrorrhagia. At that time, multiple pieces of ovarian cortex that were 2 by 2 mm to 5 by 10 mm were cryopreserved in 1.5 M propanediol with the use of slow-freeze protocol.1 The patient was treated with estrogen and cyclic progestin.
Six months later, the patient requested transplantation of her ovarian tissue because of persistent menopausal symptoms. One vial of tissue was thawed for histologic studies and culture. The cellularity of the stroma had been retained, and a few follicles with one or two layers of granulosa cells were present. When cultured for six days in the presence of gonadotropins, six pieces of ovarian tissue produced increasing amounts of estradiol, progesterone, and testosterone. Eighty pieces of tissue were thawed and sutured to two triangular frames made from an absorbable cellulose membrane (Surgicel, Ethicon, Sommerville, N.J.), which were then sutured beneath the left pelvic peritoneum with the use of a laparoscope.
Fifteen weeks after the transplantation, daily administration of menopausal gonadotropins (Pergonal, Serono Laboratories, Norwell, Mass.) was begun. After 11 days of stimulation, a dominant follicle emerged and estrogen therapy was discontinued. After 24 days of stimulation, the follicle had a diameter of 17 mm, but the dose of gonadotropins had to be gradually increased from 150 IU per day to 675 IU per day in order to sustain growth. The patient's serum estradiol concentration reached 93 pg per milliliter (341 pmol per liter) (normal range in midcycle, 69 to 364 pg per milliliter [253 to 1336 pmol per liter]), at which time 10,000 IU of human chorionic gonadotropin was administered to trigger ovulation. Subsequently, the serum progesterone concentration rose progressively from 0.7 ng per milliliter (2.2 nmol per liter) to 13 ng per milliliter (41.3 nmol per liter). Ovulation was confirmed by ultrasonographic demonstration of a corpus luteum, free fluid in the cul-de-sac, and endometrial thickening (9 mm, luteal pattern). The patient menstruated 16 days after the injection of human chorionic gonadotropin. Cyclic estrogen–progestin therapy was then resumed. Six months later, ultrasonographic studies showed follicular development in response to gonadotropin stimulation, confirming the long-term survival of the graft.
This procedure offers a new alternative for women who face ovarian failure due to surgery, chemotherapy, or radiation therapy.
4 ReferencesKutluk Oktay, M.D.
Guvenç Karlikaya, M.D.
New York Methodist Hospital, New York, NY 112151
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Oktay K ,Newton H ,Gosden RG . Transplantation of cryopreserved human ovarian tissue results in follicle growth initiation in SCID mice. Fertil Steril 2000;73:599-603
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Oktay K ,Newton H ,Mullan J ,Gosden RG . Development of human primordial follicles to antral stages in SCID/hpg mice stimulated with follicle stimulating hormone. Hum Reprod 1998;13:1133-1138
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