Original Article
Underlying Causes and Long-Term Survival in Patients with Initially Unexplained Cardiomyopathy
N Engl J Med 2000; 342:1077-1084April 13, 2000
- Abstract
Background
Previous studies of the prognosis of patients with heart failure due to cardiomyopathy categorized patients according to whether they had ischemic or nonischemic disease. The prognostic value of identifying more specific underlying causes of cardiomyopathy is unknown.
Methods
We evaluated the outcomes of 1230 patients with cardiomyopathy. The patients were grouped into the following categories according to underlying cause: idiopathic cardiomyopathy (616 patients); peripartum cardiomyopathy (51); and cardiomyopathy due to myocarditis (111), ischemic heart disease (91), infiltrative myocardial disease (59), hypertension (49), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection (45), connective-tissue disease (39), substance abuse (37), therapy with doxorubicin (15), and other causes (117). Cox proportional-hazards analysis was used to assess the association between the underlying cause of cardiomyopathy and survival.
Results
During a mean follow-up of 4.4 years, 417 patients died and 57 underwent cardiac transplantation. As compared with the patients with idiopathic cardiomyopathy, the patients with peripartum cardiomyopathy had better survival (adjusted hazard ratio for death, 0.31; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.09 to 0.98), and survival was significantly worse among the patients with cardiomyopathy due to infiltrative myocardial disease (adjusted hazard ratio, 4.40; 95 percent confidence interval, 3.04 to 6.39), HIV infection (adjusted hazard ratio, 5.86; 95 percent confidence interval, 3.92 to 8.77), therapy with doxorubicin (adjusted hazard ratio, 3.46; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.67 to 7.18), and ischemic heart disease (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.52; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.07 to 2.17).
Conclusions
The underlying cause of heart failure has prognostic value in patients with unexplained cardiomyopathy. Patients with peripartum cardiomyopathy appear to have a better prognosis than those with other forms of cardiomyopathy. Patients with cardiomyopathy due to infiltrative myocardial diseases, HIV infection, or doxorubicin therapy have an especially poor prognosis.
Media in This Article
Figure 1
Adjusted Kaplan–Meier Estimates of Survival According to the Underlying Cause of Cardiomyopathy.Figure 2
Adjusted Kaplan–Meier Estimates of Survival among Patients with Cardiomyopathy Due to Amyloidosis, Sarcoidosis, or Hemochromatosis, as Compared with That among Patients with Idiopathic Cardiomyopathy.Article Activity
- Article
Despite advances in drug therapy, the prognosis of patients with heart failure remains poor.1 The accurate assessment of prognosis in patients with this disorder is critical, to ensure that patients with the most severe disease receive appropriate consideration for the limited number of hearts available for transplantation. Although substantial research has demonstrated the prognostic value of a variety of clinical characteristics in patients with heart failure,2-5 few data are available on the association between the cause of cardiomyopathy and the long-term prognosis.6,7 Previous studies addressing the influence of the underlying cause on prognosis have generally compared patients with ischemic heart disease and those with nonischemic causes of heart failure. Although it is possible to identify a more specific cause in a substantial percentage of patients with nonischemic cardiomyopathy,8 consensus recommendations suggest that the underlying cause is clinically important in only a few cases.9,10 Definitive data on the long-term prognosis of many uncommon forms of cardiomyopathy are limited. We undertook this study to determine the prognosis associated with cardiomyopathy of different causes, as defined by an exhaustive diagnostic evaluation performed at a tertiary care center with expertise in the diagnosis and treatment of cardiomyopathy.
Methods
Selection of Patients
Between December 1982 and December 1997, 1230 patients underwent endomyocardial biopsy as part of an evaluation for heart failure due to unexplained cardiomyopathy. The majority of these patients were referred by other physicians, and thus some common but easily identified causes of heart failure, such as ischemic heart disease, hypertension, and valvular heart disease, were underrepresented. In addition to endomyocardial biopsy, all the patients underwent a careful history taking and physical examination; selected laboratory studies, including thyroid-function testing and measurement of antinuclear antibodies; and right-heart catheterization. All patients with a history suggestive of ischemic heart disease or at least two standard risk factors for atherosclerosis underwent coronary angiography. We recently reported detailed clinical characteristics of this cohort of patients and the safety of endomyocardial biopsy in this cohort.11 The study was approved by the Joint Committee on Clinical Investigation at Johns Hopkins Hospital. Oral informed consent to include their data in the study was obtained from the patients.
Endomyocardial Biopsy
All the patients underwent endomyocardial biopsy and right-heart catheterization in a standardized manner, as previously described.11 Specimens were examined at a minimum of four section levels by an experienced cardiac pathologist. Staining with Congo red to identify amyloidosis and with Prussian blue to identify hemochromatosis was performed when appropriate.
Cause of Cardiomyopathy
All patients were prospectively assigned an underlying cause of cardiomyopathy at the completion of the clinical evaluation, according to previously published definitions.8,11 The diagnostic classification was based on the recommendations of the World Health Organization–International Society and Federation of Cardiology Task Force for the classification of cardiomyopathy, as originally defined in 1980 and as modified in 1996.12,13 In patients for whom there was more than one potential cause of heart failure, the single most likely cause was chosen. Final diagnoses were assigned without knowledge of the patients' status with respect to long-term survival or cardiac transplantation. For the purposes of analysis, patients were assigned to one of the following categories according to the underlying cause of the cardiomyopathy: idiopathic cardiomyopathy; peripartum cardiomyopathy; or cardiomyopathy due to ischemic heart disease, infiltrative myocardial disease (i.e., amyloidosis, hemochromatosis, or sarcoidosis), myocarditis, substance abuse (i.e., cocaine or alcohol abuse), connective-tissue disease, infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hypertension, therapy with doxorubicin, or other causes.
Follow-up
Information on the vital status of the patients was obtained from clinical records and through a search of the National Death Index.14 The status of the patients with respect to cardiac transplantation was obtained from their clinical records.
Statistical Analysis
Comparisons among groups were made with the use of Student's t-test for continuous variables and the chi-square test for categorical variables. Since many of the patients in this study would have been classified as having idiopathic cardiomyopathy if they had not undergone a rigorous diagnostic evaluation, each diagnostic group was compared with the group of patients with idiopathic cardiomyopathy (the reference group). The primary end point was death from all causes. Data on patients who underwent cardiac transplantation were censored at the time of transplantation. Survival curves were constructed according to the method of Kaplan and Meier. Multivariate Cox proportional-hazards modeling was used to adjust for demographic and hemodynamic variables. The following prespecified variables were tested in the multivariate model: cause of cardiomyopathy, age, sex, race, heart rate, pulse pressure, cardiac index, pulmonary-artery systolic blood pressure, and pulmonary-capillary wedge pressure. A two-sided P value of less than 0.05 was considered to indicate statistical significance.
Results
Causes of Cardiomyopathy
A specific cause of cardiomyopathy was identified in 614 of the 1230 patients (50 percent). The remaining 616 patients were classified as having idiopathic cardiomyopathy despite having undergone a comprehensive clinical evaluation. Endomyocardial biopsy provided a specific histologic diagnosis in 188 patients (15 percent). Specific diagnoses for all 1230 patients are shown in Table 1Table 1
Final Diagnoses in 1230 Patients with Initially Unexplained Cardiomyopathy.. The complication rate of endomyocardial biopsy was 8 percent, and there were two procedure-related deaths (0.2 percent).Characteristics of the Patients
The clinical and hemodynamic characteristics of the patients, according to the cause of cardiomyopathy, are shown in Table 2Table 2
Clinical and Hemodynamic Characteristics According to Cause of Cardiomyopathy.. There was substantial heterogeneity among the groups with regard to age, sex, and severity of hemodynamic compromise. The mean age of the study cohort at the time of diagnosis was 48 years. The patients with cardiomyopathy due to ischemic heart disease and those with cardiomyopathy due to infiltrative myocardial disease were significantly older than those with idiopathic cardiomyopathy, whereas the patients with HIV infection, myocarditis, substance abuse, or peripartum cardiomyopathy were younger.Association between Cause and Outcome
During a mean follow-up period of 4.4 years, 417 patients died and 57 underwent cardiac transplantation. Unadjusted and adjusted hazard ratios for each etiologic group, as compared with the group with idiopathic cardiomyopathy (in which the hazard ratio for death was 1.0, by definition), are provided in Table 3Table 3
Association between Clinical Variables and Survival.. In the unadjusted analysis, survival was substantially better among the patients with peripartum cardiomyopathy than among those with idiopathic cardiomyopathy (hazard ratio for death, 0.14; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.05 to 0.44; P=0.001). In contrast, survival was significantly worse among the patients with cardiomyopathy due to infiltrative myocardial diseases (hazard ratio, 4.79; 95 percent confidence interval, 3.36 to 6.81; P<0.001), HIV infection (hazard ratio, 4.00; 95 percent confidence interval, 2.80 to 5.74; P<0.001), therapy with doxorubicin (hazard ratio, 2.64; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.35 to 5.17; P=0.005), and ischemic heart disease (hazard ratio, 2.01; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.46 to 2.77; P<0.001). Survival among the patients with cardiomyopathy due to myocarditis, substance abuse, hypertension, connective-tissue disease, or other causes did not differ significantly from that among patients with idiopathic cardiomyopathy.To adjust for differences between groups, we performed multiple Cox proportional-hazards analyses. The inclusion of age, sex, race, and hemodynamic variables with underlying cause in a multivariate model did not substantively alter the association between cause and prognosis. Adjusted estimates of survival for the groups that were significantly different from the group with idiopathic cardiomyopathy are shown in Figure 1Figure 1
Adjusted Kaplan–Meier Estimates of Survival According to the Underlying Cause of Cardiomyopathy.. Older age (hazard ratio for death associated with each additional decade of life, 1.20; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.10 to 1.30; P<0.001) and male sex (hazard ratio, 1.26; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.00 to 1.60; P=0.05) were associated with worse survival than younger age and female sex (Table 3). After the inclusion of prespecified hemodynamic variables in the multivariate model, a previous trend toward worse survival in patients with cardiomyopathy due to connective-tissue disease reached statistical significance (adjusted hazard ratio for death, 1.75; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.02 to 3.01; P=0.04). As shown in Table 3, the following variables were independently associated with survival in a multivariate model: cause (with the exception of hypertension, myocarditis, other causes, and substance abuse), age, sex, pulse pressure, and pulmonary-artery systolic pressure.Several alternative analyses were performed to test the validity of these results. To confirm the results in the group with peripartum cardiomyopathy, we repeated the multivariate analysis with age considered as a categorical variable in 10-year increments rather than as a continuous variable. In this analysis, the improved survival in the group with peripartum cardiomyopathy persisted (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.28; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.08 to 0.91; P=0.04). To evaluate the potential effect of improvements in medical therapy for heart failure over time, the multivariate analysis was repeated with the inclusion of the calendar year of diagnosis, in five-year increments. This analysis revealed a trend toward improved survival over time (adjusted hazard ratio as compared with diagnosis in 1983 to 1987: diagnosis in 1988 to 1992, 0.88; and diagnosis in 1993 to 1997, 0.81) that did not reach statistical significance.
To assess the effect of cardiac transplantation, we reanalyzed the data using the combined end point of death or cardiac transplantation. In this alternative analysis, the associations between specific causes of cardiomyopathy and prognosis were unchanged, with the exception that cardiomyopathy due to connective-tissue disease was no longer significant (adjusted hazard ratio for death or transplantation, 1.44; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.84 to 2.27; P=0.18). Multivariate modeling in which transplantation-free survival was used as an end point produced results that were similar to those of the analysis of absolute survival, with cause (with the exception of hypertension, myocarditis, ischemic heart disease, other causes, and substance abuse), age, sex, pulse pressure, and pulmonary-artery systolic blood pressure remaining as independent predictors of survival.
Analysis of Cardiomyopathy Due to Infiltrative Myocardial Disease
Because the group with cardiomyopathy due to infiltrative myocardial disease was composed of patients with three distinct histologic diagnoses (amyloidosis, hemochromatosis, and sarcoidosis), each of these causes was analyzed separately. After adjustments were made for demographic and hemodynamic variables, survival was found to be markedly worse among the patients with amyloidosis (adjusted hazard ratio for death, 7.41; 95 percent confidence interval, 4.45 to 12.33; P<0.001) or hemochromatosis (adjusted hazard ratio, 8.88; 95 percent confidence interval, 3.64 to 21.65; P<0.001) than among those with idiopathic cardiomyopathy. The prognosis in patients with sarcoidosis was not significantly different from that in the patients with idiopathic cardiomyopathy (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.72; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.69 to 4.27; P=0.24). The adjusted survival curves for the patients with cardiomyopathy due to infiltrative myocardial disease are shown in Figure 2Figure 2
Adjusted Kaplan–Meier Estimates of Survival among Patients with Cardiomyopathy Due to Amyloidosis, Sarcoidosis, or Hemochromatosis, as Compared with That among Patients with Idiopathic Cardiomyopathy..Discussion
This study examined the association between the specific cause of cardiomyopathy and long-term survival in a large group of patients evaluated at a single tertiary care center with expertise in the diagnosis and treatment of cardiomyopathy. The patients with peripartum cardiomyopathy had the best prognosis of any subgroup and were the only group to have a significantly better rate of survival than the patients with idiopathic cardiomyopathy. As compared with the patients with idiopathic cardiomyopathy, the patients with cardiomyopathy due to infiltrative myocardial disease, HIV infection, therapy with doxorubicin, or ischemic heart disease had significantly worse survival in the unadjusted analysis. After multivariate adjustment, the patients with cardiomyopathy due to connective-tissue disease also had significantly worse survival. We did not find a significant difference in survival between the patients with idiopathic cardiomyopathy and those with cardiomyopathy due to myocarditis, hypertension, substance abuse, or other causes.
In our study, the patients with peripartum cardiomyopathy had a substantially better prognosis than those with other causes of heart failure, with a 94 percent survival rate at five years. Peripartum cardiomyopathy is, by definition, a disease that affects young women, and the mean age of the patients with this diagnosis was substantially younger than that of the patients with idiopathic cardiomyopathy (29 years as compared with 49 years). Even after adjustments were made for differences in age and sex, however, the prognosis among the patients with peripartum cardiomyopathy remained better than that of the other groups. In addition, a substantial portion of the patients with peripartum cardiomyopathy (26 of 51 patients) had histologic evidence of myocarditis on endomyocardial biopsy. These findings are in contrast to those of previous studies, which generally described poor outcomes and a low incidence of myocarditis in patients with peripartum cardiomyopathy.15,16 The stricter diagnostic definition of peripartum cardiomyopathy used in our study may account for the difference in results.
The worst prognosis was in the group with cardiomyopathy due to infiltrative myocardial disease, which included patients with cardiac amyloidosis, sarcoidosis, or hemochromatosis. Further analysis of this subgroup indicated extremely poor long-term survival among the patients with amyloidosis and hemochromatosis, with one-year survival rates of 29 percent and 44 percent, respectively. Poor survival in patients with cardiac amyloidosis has been reported previously.17 In contrast, the patients in our study who had cardiac sarcoidosis had a prognosis similar to that of the patients with idiopathic cardiomyopathy, with a one-year survival rate of 77 percent. The natural history of cardiac sarcoidosis thus appears to be markedly different from that of giant-cell myocarditis, a rare disorder that may be confused with sarcoidosis on histologic examination. Recently published data confirm the extremely poor prognosis of patients with giant-cell myocarditis, who have a one-year survival rate of less than 40 percent.18
High mortality among patients with amyloidosis, hemochromatosis, HIV infection, or doxorubicin cardiotoxicity can be partially attributed to noncardiac causes, since each of these disorders may be associated with decreased long-term survival independently of the diagnosis of cardiomyopathy. Improvements in specific therapies for both HIV infection and cancer, however, may make the cardiomyopathy that is associated with these conditions more prevalent as patients survive longer with their primary illness. Regardless of the cause of death, these data demonstrate the extremely poor prognosis associated with cardiomyopathy due to these disorders and the potential prognostic value of identifying a specific cause of heart failure in patients who present with unexplained cardiomyopathy.
Ischemic as Compared with Nonischemic Cardiomyopathy
In this study, survival was worse among the patients with cardiomyopathy due to ischemic heart disease than among those with idiopathic cardiomyopathy. This finding is consistent with the results of most previous studies, which have demonstrated a worse prognosis in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy than in those with other causes of heart failure.2,7,19,20 In addition, in the placebo groups of several large trials of therapy for heart failure, higher mortality has been found among patients with an ischemic cause of heart failure than among patients with a nonischemic cause.21-23 These findings contrast, however, with those of the community-based Framingham Heart Study, which found worse long-term survival among patients with nonischemic causes of heart failure.6 In our study, hemodynamic compromise was greater in the patients with cardiomyopathy due to ischemic heart disease than in those with idiopathic cardiomyopathy, suggesting that the patients with ischemic heart disease may have had more advanced heart failure at the time of evaluation.
Even after adjustments were made for demographic and hemodynamic variables, however, survival was worse among patients with cardiomyopathy due to ischemic heart disease. Because so many of the patients with easily identifiable causes of heart failure, such as ischemic disease and hypertension, were not referred to our study, patients with such causes were underrepresented in our cohort, as compared with a general population of patients with heart failure. The patients in our study with cardiomyopathy due to ischemic heart disease may therefore have differed from those seen in a community setting. Still, our findings support the general conclusion that patients with cardiomyopathy due to ischemic heart disease have a worse prognosis than do patients with nonischemic causes of cardiomyopathy.
Previous Studies of Cause and Prognosis
Previous studies that have addressed the prognostic importance of the underlying cause of cardiomyopathy have generally categorized patients according to whether they had ischemic or nonischemic causes of heart failure. The lack of specific information about the cause of heart failure in patients with cardiomyopathy due to nonischemic causes is a limitation of such studies. Our study differs from others in that we performed an exhaustive clinical evaluation of each patient, including endomyocardial biopsy, in order to identify the cause of cardiomyopathy as precisely as possible. Our study also included a much more heterogeneous population of patients with regard to cause of cardiomyopathy than did either the Framingham Study6 or the Studies of Left Ventricular Dysfunction (SOLVD) registry.19 Because of the large size of the study cohort and the fact that all the patients had been referred to our center, we were able to provide data on long-term survival in patients with cardiomyopathy due to many relatively rare nonischemic causes; such patients are often excluded from randomized trials of therapy for heart failure.
The proportions of both women and members of minority groups were higher in our series than in many previous studies of heart failure. Forty percent of the patients in our study were women, and 34 percent were black, as compared with 26 percent and 12 percent, respectively, in the SOLVD registry.19 When considered along with cause, age, and race, sex was an independent predictor of prognosis in this cohort, with men having worse survival than women. This trend persisted (P=0.05) after additional adjustment for hemodynamic variables. These findings are in general agreement with epidemiologic data from the Framingham Study and the first National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES I), which demonstrated better prognosis among women with heart failure than among men.1,6 Work by Adams and colleagues suggested that these sex differences are most pronounced among patients with nonischemic causes of heart failure.7,24 The results of our study in a cohort of patients with primarily nonischemic cardiomyopathy lend further support to this finding.
Limitations of the Study
The applicability of our results to the general population of patients with heart failure is limited by the referral nature of this cohort. Patients with some common causes of cardiomyopathy were not referred for an exhaustive evaluation, including endomyocardial biopsy, and thus were underrepresented in our cohort. In addition, data on the cause of death of the patients were not obtained, and we were therefore unable to differentiate between deaths due to cardiac causes and other deaths. Clearly, survival among patients with cardiomyopathy due to HIV infection, infiltrative myocardial disease, or doxorubicin therapy may be limited by the primary illness. Drug therapy for heart failure was not controlled for during this study, so we are unable to speculate on the extent to which differences in therapy for heart failure may have affected our results, although a trend toward improved survival was seen in patients who received a diagnosis more recently, as compared with those who received a diagnosis earlier. Because of the methods used to establish vital status, it is possible that some patients who were lost to clinical follow-up may have been classified incorrectly as long-term survivors if they were not identified during a search of the National Death Index. The accuracy of the National Death Index has been externally validated, but up to 5 percent of persons who have died may be missing, particularly women and members of minority groups.25
Conclusions
Our study demonstrates that the underlying cause of heart failure is independently associated with survival among patients with certain types of cardiomyopathy. Whereas peripartum cardiomyopathy had a better long-term prognosis than idiopathic cardiomyopathy, cardiomyopathy due to infiltrative diseases of the myocardium, HIV infection, doxorubicin therapy, ischemic heart disease, and connective-tissue disease were associated with worse survival. Among patients with cardiomyopathy due to infiltrative myocardial disease, those with amyloidosis or hemochromatosis had the worst prognosis, whereas patients with sarcoidosis had a prognosis similar to that of patients with idiopathic cardiomyopathy. As in previous studies, older age and male sex were associated with a worse prognosis than younger age and female sex.
We conclude that the identification of the underlying cause of heart failure, beyond the differentiation between ischemic and nonischemic causes, has prognostic importance, primarily for patients with peripartum cardiomyopathy and those with cardiomyopathy due to infiltrative myocardial disease, doxorubicin therapy, or HIV infection. The evaluation of patients with unexplained cardiomyopathy should include a careful search for a specific cause, and the referral of patients to a tertiary care center may facilitate the accurate assessment of prognosis. Further understanding of the prognostic and therapeutic importance of the specific cause of cardiomyopathy may aid in tailoring available therapies to individual patients.
We are indebted to Dr. Gary Gerstenblith and Dr. Scott Zeger for their critical review of the manuscript.
Source Information
From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (G.M.F., J.M.H., D.E.C., D.L.H., K.L.B., E.K.K.), and the Department of Pathology (R.H.H.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; and the Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health and Hygiene (R.E.T.) — both in Baltimore.
Address reprint requests to Dr. Kasper at the Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Carnegie 568, 600 N. Wolfe St., Baltimore, MD 21287-6568, or at ekasper@jhmi.edu.
- References
References
1
Schocken DD ,Arrieta MI ,Leaverton PE ,Ross EA . Prevalence and mortality rate of congestive heart failure in the United States. J Am Coll Cardiol 1992;20:301-306
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline2
Likoff MJ ,Chandler SL ,Kay HR . Clinical determinants of mortality in chronic congestive heart failure secondary to idiopathic dilated or to ischemic cardiomyopathy. Am J Cardiol 1987;59:634-638
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline3
Cohn JN ,Rector TS . Prognosis of congestive heart failure and predictors of mortality. Am J Cardiol 1988;62:25A-30A
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline4
Mancini DM ,Eisen H ,Kussmaul W ,Mull R ,Edmunds LH Jr ,Wilson JR . Value of peak exercise oxygen consumption for optimal timing of cardiac transplantation in ambulatory patients with heart failure. Circulation 1991;83:778-786
Web of Science | Medline5
Cohn JN ,Levine TB ,Olivari MT , et al. Plasma norepinephrine as a guide to prognosis in patients with chronic congestive heart failure. N Engl J Med 1984;311:819-823
Full Text | Web of Science | Medline6
Ho KK ,Anderson KM ,Kannel WB ,Grossman W ,Levy D . Survival after the onset of congestive heart failure in Framingham Heart Study subjects. Circulation 1993;88:107-115
Web of Science | Medline7
Adams KF Jr ,Dunlap SH ,Sueta CA , et al. Relation between gender, etiology and survival in patients with symptomatic heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 1996;28:1781-1788
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline8
Kasper EK ,Agema WR ,Hutchins GM ,Deckers JW ,Hare JM ,Baughman KL . The causes of dilated cardiomyopathy: a clinicopathologic review of 673 consecutive patients. J Am Coll Cardiol 1994;23:586-590
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline9
Guidelines for the evaluation and management of heart failure: report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Committee on Evaluation and Management of Heart Failure) . Circulation 1995;92:2764-2784
Web of Science | Medline10
Consensus recommendations for the management of chronic heart failure: on behalf of the membership of the Advisory Council to Improve Outcomes Nationwide in Heart Failure . Am J Cardiol 1999;83:Suppl2A:1A-38A
Web of Science | Medline11
Felker GM ,Hu W ,Hare JM ,Hruban RH ,Baughman KL ,Kasper EK . The spectrum of dilated cardiomyopathy: the Johns Hopkins experience with 1,278 patients. Medicine (Baltimore) 1999;78:270-283
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline12
Report of the WHO/ISFC task force on the definition and classification of cardiomyopathies. Br Heart J 1980;44:672-673
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline13
Richardson P ,McKenna W ,Bristow M , et al. Report of the 1995 World Health Organization/International Society and Federation of Cardiology Task Force on the Definition and Classification of Cardiomyopathies. Circulation 1996;93:841-842
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline14
Bilgrad R. National Death Index user's manual. Rev. ed. Hyattsville, Md.: National Center for Health Statistics, February 1995.
15
Demakis JG ,Rahimtoola SH ,Sutton GC , et al. Natural course of peripartum cardiomyopathy. Circulation 1971;44:1053-1061
Web of Science | Medline16
Homans DC . Peripartum cardiomyopathy. N Engl J Med 1985;312:1432-1437
Full Text | Web of Science | Medline17
Kyle RA ,Gertz MA . Primary systemic amyloidosis: clinical and laboratory features in 474 cases. Semin Hematol 1995;32:45-59
Web of Science | Medline18
Cooper LT Jr ,Berry GJ ,Shabetai R . Idiopathic giant-cell myocarditis -- natural history and treatment. N Engl J Med 1997;336:1860-1866
Full Text | Web of Science | Medline19
Bourassa MG ,Gurne O ,Bangdiwala SI , et al. Natural history and patterns of current practice in heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 1993;22:Suppl A:14A-19A
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline20
Franciosa JA ,Wilen M ,Ziesche S ,Cohn JN . Survival in men with severe chronic left ventricular failure due to either coronary heart disease or idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. Am J Cardiol 1983;51:831-836
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline21
Cohn JN ,Archibald DG ,Ziesche S , et al. Effect of vasodilator therapy on mortality in chronic congestive heart failure: results of a Veterans Administration Cooperative Study. N Engl J Med 1986;314:1547-1552
Full Text | Web of Science | Medline22
Packer M ,O'Connor CM ,Ghali JK , et al. Effect of amlodipine on morbidity and mortality in severe chronic heart failure. N Engl J Med 1996;335:1107-1114
Full Text | Web of Science | Medline23
Garg R ,Yusuf S . Overview of randomized trials of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors on mortality and morbidity in patients with heart failure. JAMA 1995;273:1450-1456[Erratum, JAMA 1995;274:462.]
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline24
Adams KF Jr ,Sueta CA ,Gheorghiade M , et al. Gender differences in survival in advanced heart failure: insights from the FIRST study. Circulation 1999;99:1816-1821
Web of Science | Medline25
Boyle CA ,Decoufle P . National sources of vital status information: extent of coverage and possible selectivity in reporting. Am J Epidemiol 1990;131:160-168
Web of Science | Medline
- Citing Articles (223)
Citing Articles
1
Catherine Nelson-Piercy. 2012. Heart Disease in Pregnancy. , 111-120.
CrossRef2
José Zamorano, Eduardo Franco. (2012) Three-Dimensional Echocardiographic Left Ventricular Curvature Analysis: A New Approach to Left Ventricular Remodeling with Clinical Applications to Be Discovered. Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography 25:1, 89-90
CrossRef3
Sara L. Partington, Susan Cheng, João A.C. Lima. (2012) Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Stage B Heart Failure. Heart Failure Clinics
CrossRef4
Andrew L. Clark, Kevin M. Goode. (2012) Do patients with chronic heart failure have chest pain?. International Journal of Cardiology
CrossRef5
Ornella Leone, John P. Veinot, Annalisa Angelini, Ulrik T. Baandrup, Cristina Basso, Gerald Berry, Patrick Bruneval, Margaret Burke, Jagdish Butany, Fiorella Calabrese, Giulia d'Amati, William D. Edwards, John T. Fallon, Michael C. Fishbein, Patrick J. Gallagher, Marc K. Halushka, Bruce McManus, Angela Pucci, E. René Rodriguez, Jeffrey E. Saffitz, Mary N. Sheppard, Charles Steenbergen, James R. Stone, Carmela Tan, Gaetano Thiene, Allard C. van der Wal, Gayle L. Winters. (2011) 2011 Consensus statement on endomyocardial biopsy from the Association for European Cardiovascular Pathology and the Society for Cardiovascular Pathology. Cardiovascular Pathology
CrossRef6
Omar Wever-Pinzon, Sripal Bangalore, Jorge Romero, Jorge Silva Enciso, Farooq A. Chaudhry. (2011) Inotropic Contractile Reserve Can Risk-Stratify Patients With HIV Cardiomyopathy. JACC: Cardiovascular Imaging 4:12, 1231-1238
CrossRef7
GEORGE THEODORAKIS, ATHANASIOS KATSIKIS, EFTHIMIOS LIVANIS, ANNA KOSTOPOULOU, STAMATIS ADAMOPOULOS, DIMITRIOS TSIAPRAS, VASSILIS VOUDRIS. (2011) Long Term Effects of Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy in Non-Ambulatory NYHA IV Heart Failure Patients. Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology 34:11, 1553-1560
CrossRef8
Roberta Roncarati, Michael V.G. Latronico, Beatrice Musumeci, Stefania Aurino, Annalaura Torella, Marie-Louise Bang, Gloria Saccani Jotti, Annibale A. Puca, Massimo Volpe, Vincenzo Nigro, Camillo Autore, Gianluigi Condorelli. (2011) Unexpectedly low mutation rates in beta-myosin heavy chain and cardiac myosin binding protein genes in italian patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Journal of Cellular Physiology 226:11, 2894-2900
CrossRef9
R. Kandolin, J. Lehtonen, M. Graner, J. Schildt, K. Salmenkivi, S. M. Kivistö, M. Kupari. (2011) Diagnosing isolated cardiac sarcoidosis. Journal of Internal Medicine 270:5, 461-468
CrossRef10
S. H. Armenian, C.-L. Sun, T. Shannon, G. Mills, L. Francisco, K. Venkataraman, F. L. Wong, S. J. Forman, S. Bhatia. (2011) Incidence and predictors of congestive heart failure following autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation. Blood
CrossRef11
Matthias Paul, Jörg Stypmann, Joachim Gerss, Sophia Wirdeier, Sven Zumhagen, Günter Breithardt, Eric Schulze-Bahr, Thomas Wichter. (2011) Safety of Endomyocardial Biopsy in Patients With Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy. JACC: Cardiovascular Interventions 4:10, 1142-1148
CrossRef12
Matti Aapro. (2011) SIOG (International Society of Geriatric Oncology) and anthracycline use in the elderly. European Journal of Cancer Supplements 9:2, 30-35
CrossRef13
Etienne G.C. Brain, Cécile Mertens, Véronique Girre, Frédérique Rousseau, Emmanuel Blot, Sophie Abadie, Lionel Uwer, Emmanuelle Bourbouloux, Isabelle Van Praagh-Doreau, Loic Mourey, Sylvie Kirscher, Brigitte Laguerre, Emmanuelle Fourme, Sylvia Luneau, Jean Genève, Marc Debled. (2011) Impact of liposomal doxorubicin-based adjuvant chemotherapy on autonomy in women over 70 with hormone-receptor-negative breast carcinoma: A French Geriatric Oncology Group (GERICO) phase II multicentre trial. Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology 80:1, 160-170
CrossRef14
Daniela Cardinale, Michela Salvatici, Maria T. Sandri. (2011) Review: Role of biomarkers in cardioncology. Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine---
CrossRef15
Jonathan R Dalzell, Colette E Jackson, Roy S Gardner. (2011) An update on peripartum cardiomyopathy. Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy 9:9, 1155-1160
CrossRef16
Eric Smith Ketchum, Wayne Cecil Levy. (2011) Establishing Prognosis in Heart Failure: A Multimarker Approach. Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases 54:2, 86-96
CrossRef17
Erica P. Gunderson, Lisa A. Croen, Vicky Chiang, Cathleen K. Yoshida, David Walton, Alan S. Go. (2011) Epidemiology of Peripartum Cardiomyopathy. Obstetrics & Gynecology 118:3, 583-591
CrossRef18
YI-ZHOU XU, PAUL A. FRIEDMAN, TRACY WEBSTER, KELLY BROOKE, DAVID O. HODGE, HEATHER J. WISTE, WEI HUA, SHU ZHANG, DAVID L. HAYES, YONG-MEI CHA. (2011) Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy: Do Women Benefit More Than Men?. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiologyno-no
CrossRef19
S Katsuragi, A Omoto, C Kamiya, K Ueda, Y Sasaki, K Yamanaka, R Neki, J Yoshimatsu, K Niwa, T Ikeda. (2011) Risk factors for maternal outcome in pregnancy complicated with dilated cardiomyopathy. Journal of Perinatology
CrossRef20
Hua Xiao, Min Wang, Yimei Du, Jing Yuan, Guanghong Zhao, Danna Tu, Yu-Hua Liao. (2011) Agonist-like autoantibodies against calcium channel in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy. Heart and Vessels
CrossRef21
Uri Elkayam. (2011) Clinical Characteristics of Peripartum Cardiomyopathy in the United States. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 58:7, 659-670
CrossRef22
Charles E. Canter, Madeleine W. Cunningham, Leslie T. Cooper. (2011) Recent clinical and translational research on pediatric myocarditis. Progress in Pediatric Cardiology 32:1, 15-18
CrossRef23
Mihai Gheorghiade, James D. Flaherty, Gregg C. Fonarow, Ravi V. Desai, Richard Lee, David McGiffin, Thomas E. Love, Inmaculada Aban, Eric J. Eichhorn, Robert O. Bonow, Ali Ahmed. (2011) Coronary artery disease, coronary revascularization, and outcomes in chronic advanced systolic heart failure. International Journal of Cardiology 151:1, 69-75
CrossRef24
Bonnie Ky, Joseph R. Carver. (2011) Biomarker Approach to the Detection and Cardioprotective Strategies During Anthracycline Chemotherapy. Heart Failure Clinics 7:3, 323-331
CrossRef25
Alessandro Durante, Domenico Cianflone, Paolo G. Camici. (2011) A Critical Reappraisal of Differences in Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy Defibrillator Effectiveness Between Men and Women in the MADIT-CRT Trial. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 58:4, 442-443
CrossRef26
Ragavendra R. Baliga, James B. Young. (2011) Early Detection and Monitoring of Vulnerable Myocardium in Patients Receiving Chemotherapy: Is It Time to Change Tracks?. Heart Failure Clinics 7:3, xiii-xix
CrossRef27
Kathleen Stergiopoulos, Elaine Shiang, Travis Bench. (2011) Pregnancy in Patients With Pre-Existing Cardiomyopathies. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 58:4, 337-350
CrossRef28
Redi Pecini, Daniel Vega Møller, Christian Torp-Pedersen, Christian Hassager, Lars Køber. (2011) Heart failure etiology impacts survival of patients with heart failure. International Journal of Cardiology 149:2, 211-215
CrossRef29
Daniela Cardinale. (2011) Treatment and prevention of cardiotoxicity due to anticancer therapy. Journal of Cardiovascular Echography 21:2, 92-100
CrossRef30
S. P. J. Krul, J. J. van der Smagt, M. P. van den Berg, K. M. Sollie, P. G. Pieper, K. Y. van Spaendonck-Zwarts. (2011) Systematic review of pregnancy in women with inherited cardiomyopathies. European Journal of Heart Failure 13:6, 584-594
CrossRef31
Lidia Boccardi, Fabiola Fini, Paolo Giuseppe Pino, Giovanni Minardi. (2011) Cardiopatie e rischio cardiovascolare in pazienti candidati alla terapia antitumorale. Che cosa deve sapere l’oncologo. Journal of Cardiovascular Echography 21:2, 45-54
CrossRef32
D. Cardinale, C.M. Cipolla. (2011) Assessment of cardiotoxicity with cardiac biomarkers in cancer patients. Herz 36:4, 325-332
CrossRef33
Yong-Jin Kim, Raymond J. Kim. (2011) The Role of Cardiac MR in New-Onset Heart Failure. Current Cardiology Reports 13:3, 185-193
CrossRef34
Juan C. Plana. (2011) La quimioterapia y el corazón. Revista Española de Cardiología 64:5, 409-415
CrossRef35
Sorel Goland, Fahed Bitar, Kalgi Modi, Jordan Safirstein, Angela Ro, James Mirocha, Nudrat Khatri, Uri Elkayam. (2011) Evaluation of the Clinical Relevance of Baseline Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction as a Predictor of Recovery or Persistence of Severe Dysfunction in Women in the United States With Peripartum Cardiomyopathy. Journal of Cardiac Failure 17:5, 426-430
CrossRef36
Mahmoud Houmsse, Jaret Tyler, Steven Kalbfleisch. (2011) Supraventricular tachycardia causing heart failure. Current Opinion in Cardiology 26:3, 261-269
CrossRef37
Sabha Bhatti, Abdul Hakeem, Mian Atif Yousuf, Hussein R. Al-Khalidi, Wojciech Mazur, Yukitaka Shizukuda. (2011) Diagnostic performance of computed tomography angiography for differentiating ischemic vs nonischemic cardiomyopathy. Journal of Nuclear Cardiology 18:3, 407-420
CrossRef38
Marilda F. Veiga, Isaac F.S. Rodrigues, Augusto Cardinalli-Neto, Ana Paula Otaviano, Bianca Faria da Rocha, Reinaldo B. Bestetti. (2011) Clinical course of patients with chronic systolic heart failure due to the association of Chagas disease and systemic arterial hypertension. International Journal of Cardiology 149:1, 122-124
CrossRef39
Kirsten K Ness, Saro H Armenian, Nina Kadan-Lottick, James G Gurney. (2011) Adverse effects of treatment in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia: general overview and implications for long-term cardiac health. Expert Review of Hematology 4:2, 185-197
CrossRef40
H. Xiao, M. Wang, Y. Du, J. Yuan, X. Cheng, Z. Chen, A. Zou, F. Wei, G. Zhao, Y.-H. Liao. (2011) Arrhythmogenic autoantibodies against calcium channel lead to sudden death in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. European Journal of Heart Failure 13:3, 264-270
CrossRef41
Christopher J. McLeod, Win-Kuang Shen, Robert F. Rea, Paul A. Friedman, David L. Hayes, Anita Wokhlu, Tracy L. Webster, Heather J. Wiste, David O. Hodge, David J. Bradley, Stephen C. Hammill, Douglas L. Packer, Yong-Mei Cha. (2011) Differential outcome of cardiac resynchronization therapy in ischemic cardiomyopathy and idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. Heart Rhythm 8:3, 377-382
CrossRef42
Marco Merlo, Stylianos A. Pyxaras, Bruno Pinamonti, Giulia Barbati, Andrea Di Lenarda, Gianfranco Sinagra. (2011) Prevalence and Prognostic Significance of Left Ventricular Reverse Remodeling in Dilated Cardiomyopathy Receiving Tailored Medical Treatment. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 57:13, 1468-1476
CrossRef43
M. Aapro, C. Bernard-Marty, E. G. C. Brain, G. Batist, F. Erdkamp, K. Krzemieniecki, R. Leonard, A. Lluch, S. Monfardini, M. Ryberg, P. Soubeyran, U. Wedding. (2011) Anthracycline cardiotoxicity in the elderly cancer patient: a SIOG expert position paper. Annals of Oncology 22:2, 257-267
CrossRef44
Syed Wamique Yusuf, Nasreen A Ilias-Khan, Jean-Bernard Durand. (2011) Chemotherapy-induced cardiomyopathy. Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy 9:2, 231-243
CrossRef45
Peter J. Psaltis, Angelo Carbone, Darryl P. Leong, Dennis H. Lau, Adam J. Nelson, Tim Kuchel, Troy Jantzen, Jim Manavis, Kerry Williams, Prashanthan Sanders, Stan Gronthos, Andrew C. W. Zannettino, Stephen G. Worthley. (2011) Assessment of myocardial fibrosis by endoventricular electromechanical mapping in experimental nonischemic cardiomyopathy. The International Journal of Cardiovascular Imaging 27:1, 25-37
CrossRef46
Pradipta Bhakta, Pragnyadipta Mishra, Anamika Bakshi, Vijay Langer. (2011) Case Report and Mini Literature Review: Anesthetic Management for Severe Peripartum Cardiomyopathy Complicated with Preeclampsia Using Sufetanil in Combined Spinal Epidural Anesthesia. Yonsei Medical Journal 52:1, 1
CrossRef47
Tsutomu Yoshikawa. (2011) Contribution of Acquired Factors to the Pathogenesis of Dilated Cardiomyopathy. Circulation Journal 75:7, 1766-1773
CrossRef48
Jeong Hoon Yang, Hye Won Jang, Sung-Ji Park, Seung Woo Park. (2011) Transient Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction with Thrombus and Subsequent Cardioembolic Stroke in Short-Term Overt Hypothyroidism. Cardiology 119:1, 38-42
CrossRef49
, , , , . (2011) Clinical Guideline for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Cardiovascular Infections. Infection and Chemotherapy 43:2, 129
CrossRef50
Ravi Sureddi, Jawahar L. Mehta. (2011) Nanomedicine in Cardiovascular Diseases: Emerging Diagnostic and Therapeutic Potential. Journal of Nanotechnology in Engineering and Medicine 2:3, 031012
CrossRef51
Mohammad Kazem Shiroodi, Babak Shafiei, Nastaran Baharfard, Mohammad Esmail Gheidari, Babak Nazari, Elaheh Pirayesh, Ali Kiasat, Samaneh Hoseinzadeh, Abolghassem Hashemi, Mohammad Ali Akbarzadeh, Hamid Javadi, Iraj Nabipour, Majid Assadi. (2010) 99 mTc-MIBI washout as a complementary factor in the evaluation of idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (IDCM) using myocardial perfusion imaging. The International Journal of Cardiovascular Imaging
CrossRef52
Juri Sakuta, Yoshikazu Ito, Yukihiko Kimura, Jinho Park, Koichi Tokuuye, Kazuma Ohyashiki. (2010) Estimation of cardiac left ventricular ejection fraction in transfusional cardiac iron overload by R2* magnetic resonance. International Journal of Hematology 92:5, 708-712
CrossRef53
Carrie Anna Geisberg, Douglas B. Sawyer. (2010) Mechanisms of Anthracycline Cardiotoxicity and Strategies to Decrease Cardiac Damage. Current Hypertension Reports 12:6, 404-410
CrossRef54
Silvia Franco Hidalgo, José María Prieto de Paula, Isabel Balaguer Zubieta, Antonio Pablo Álvarez Ruiz. (2010) Infección por Francisella tularensis, miocarditis y miocardiopatía dilatada. Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología Clínica 28:10, 752-753
CrossRef55
Emily Gelson, Mark Johnson. (2010) Effect of maternal heart disease on pregnancy outcomes. Expert Review of Obstetrics & Gynecology 5:5, 605-617
CrossRef56
Peter J. Psaltis, Angelo Carbone, Adam J. Nelson, Dennis H. Lau, Troy Jantzen, Jim Manavis, Kerry Williams, Silviu Itescu, Prashanthan Sanders, Stan Gronthos, Andrew C.W. Zannettino, Stephen G. Worthley. (2010) Reparative Effects of Allogeneic Mesenchymal Precursor Cells Delivered Transendocardially in Experimental Nonischemic Cardiomyopathy. JACC: Cardiovascular Interventions 3:9, 974-983
CrossRef57
Quinn S. Wells, Daniel J. Lenihan. (2010) Reversibility of Left Ventricular Dysfunction Resulting from Chemotherapy: Can This Be Expected?. Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases 53:2, 140-148
CrossRef58
Daniel J. Lenihan, Daniela Cardinale, Carlo M. Cipolla. (2010) The Compelling Need for a Cardiology and Oncology Partnership and the Birth of the International CardiOncology Society. Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases 53:2, 88-93
CrossRef59
K. Sliwa, D. Hilfiker-Kleiner, M. C. Petrie, A. Mebazaa, B. Pieske, E. Buchmann, V. Regitz-Zagrosek, M. Schaufelberger, L. Tavazzi, D. J. van Veldhuisen, H. Watkins, A. J. Shah, P. M. Seferovic, U. Elkayam, S. Pankuweit, Z. Papp, F. Mouquet, J. J. V. McMurray. (2010) Current state of knowledge on aetiology, diagnosis, management, and therapy of peripartum cardiomyopathy: a position statement from the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology Working Group on peripartum cardiomyopathy. European Journal of Heart Failure 12:8, 767-778
CrossRef60
Sandra Geiger, Veronika Lange, Patricia Suhl, Volker Heinemann, Hans-Joachim Stemmler. (2010) Anticancer therapy induced cardiotoxicity: review of the literature. Anti-Cancer Drugs 21:6, 578-590
CrossRef61
Maria do Carmo Pereira Nunes, Marcia M. Barbosa, Antônio Luiz P. Ribeiro, Lúcia Maria Amorim Fenelon, Manoel O.C. Rocha. (2010) Factores predictivos de la mortalidad en pacientes con miocardiopatía dilatada: importancia de la enfermedad de Chagas como etiología. Revista Española de Cardiología 63:7, 788-797
CrossRef62
DENNIS H. LAU, PETER J. PSALTIS, LORRAINE MACKENZIE, DARREN J. KELLY, ANGELO CARBONE, MICHAEL WORTHINGTON, ADAM J. NELSON, YUAN ZHANG, PAWEL KUKLIK, CHRISTOPHER X. WONG, JAMES EDWARDS, DAVID A. SAINT, STEPHEN G. WORTHLEY, PRASHANTHAN SANDERS. (2010) Atrial Remodeling in an Ovine Model of Anthracycline-Induced Nonischemic Cardiomyopathy: Remodeling of the Same Sort. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiologyno-no
CrossRef63
Heart Failure Society of America. (2010) Section 16: Myocarditis: Current Treatment. Journal of Cardiac Failure 16:6, e176-e179
CrossRef64
(2010) Section 13: Evaluation and Therapy for Heart Failure in the Setting of Ischemic Heart Disease. Journal of Cardiac Failure 16:6, e157-e165
CrossRef65
B. Heidecker, G. Lamirault, E. K. Kasper, I. S. Wittstein, H. C. Champion, E. Breton, S. D. Russell, J. Hall, M. M. Kittleson, K. L. Baughman, J. M. Hare. (2010) The gene expression profile of patients with new-onset heart failure reveals important gender-specific differences. European Heart Journal 31:10, 1188-1196
CrossRef66
Qian Xu, Shannamar Dewey, Susan Nguyen, Aldrin V. Gomes. (2010) Malignant and benign mutations in familial cardiomyopathies: Insights into mutations linked to complex cardiovascular phenotypes. Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology 48:5, 899-909
CrossRef67
Anja Wagner, Oliver Bruder, Heiko Mahrholdt. (2010) Myocarditis: Update and Critical Assessment. Current Cardiovascular Imaging Reports 3:2, 57-64
CrossRef68
Steffen Bohl, Jeanette Schulz-Menger. (2010) Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Non-ischaemic Heart Disease: Established and Emerging Applications. Heart, Lung and Circulation 19:3, 117-132
CrossRef69
Aurélie Cazes, Jean-Paul Duong Van Huyen, Paul Fornes, Catherine Amrein, Romain Guillemain, Jean-Michel Grinda, Patrick Bruneval. (2010) Mechanical ventricular assistance in heart failure: pathology of the cardiac apex removed during device implantation. Cardiovascular Pathology 19:2, 112-116
CrossRef70
John Rickard, Dharam J. Kumbhani, Bryan Baranowski, David O. Martin, Wilson H. Tang, Bruce L. Wilkoff. (2010) Usefulness of Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy in Patients With Adriamycin-Induced Cardiomyopathy. The American Journal of Cardiology 105:4, 522-526
CrossRef71
Pankaj Desai. (2010) Peripartum Cardiomyopathy: A review. The Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology of India 60:1, 25-32
CrossRef72
Israel Gotsman, Donna Zwas, Dan Admon, Chaim Lotan, Andre Keren. (2010) Seasonal Variation in Hospital Admission in Patients with Heart Failure and Its Effect on Prognosis. Cardiology 117:4, 268-274
CrossRef73
Daniela Cardinale, Alessandro Colombo, Giuseppina Lamantia, Nicola Colombo, Maurizio Civelli, Gaia De Giacomi, Mara Rubino, Fabrizio Veglia, Cesare Fiorentini, Carlo M. Cipolla. (2010) Anthracycline-Induced Cardiomyopathy. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 55:3, 213-220
CrossRef74
Jose Martins, Wellington Martins. (2010) A utilização da ecocardiografia na avaliação da cardiotoxicidade por adriamicina. Experts in Ultrasound: Reviews and Perspectives 2:2, 102-108
CrossRef75
Juan Pablo Kaski, Perry Elliott. 2010. Cardiomyopathies. , 1003-1034.
CrossRef76
Kemi Tibazarwa, Karen Sliwa. (2010) Peripartum Cardiomyopathy in Africa: Challenges in Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Therapy. Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases 52:4, 317-325
CrossRef77
H. Thomas Aretz, Richard L. Kradin. 2010. Cardiac Infections. , 189-213.
CrossRef78
Alex Wing Kwan Leung, Winnie Chiu Wing Chu, Wynnie Wai Man Lam, Vincent Lee, Chi Kong Li. (2009) Magnetic resonance imaging assessment of cardiac and liver iron load in transfusion dependent patients. Pediatric Blood & Cancer 53:6, 1054-1059
CrossRef79
John-Paul Carpenter, Dudley J. Pennell. (2009) Cardiopulmonary exercise testing in thalassemia. The International Journal of Cardiovascular Imaging 25:8, 785-788
CrossRef80
Saro H. Armenian, Smita Bhatia. (2009) Chronic Health Conditions in Childhood Cancer Survivors: Is it All Treatment-Related—or Do Genetics Play a Role?. Journal of General Internal Medicine 24:S2, 395-400
CrossRef81
Sorel Goland, Kalgi Modi, Fahed Bitar, Munir Janmohamed, James M. Mirocha, Lawrence S.C. Czer, Sandra Illum, Parta Hatamizadeh, Uri Elkayam. (2009) Clinical Profile and Predictors of Complications in Peripartum Cardiomyopathy. Journal of Cardiac Failure 15:8, 645-650
CrossRef82
L. Chen, Q. Gong, J. P. Stice, A. A. Knowlton. (2009) Mitochondrial OPA1, apoptosis, and heart failure. Cardiovascular Research 84:1, 91-99
CrossRef83
Chirine Parsai, Rory O' Hanlon, Raad H. Mohiaddin. 2009. Cardiomyopathies. .
CrossRef84
Ralf Bauer, Judith Hudson, Harald D Müller, Clemens Sommer, Gabriele Dekomien, John Bourke, Daniel Routledge, Kate Bushby, Jörg Klepper, Volker Straub. (2009) Does δ-sarcoglycan-associated autosomal-dominant cardiomyopathy exist?. European Journal of Human Genetics 17:9, 1148-1153
CrossRef85
Katharine M. Brauch, Margaret L. Karst, Kathleen J. Herron, Mariza de Andrade, Patricia A. Pellikka, Richard J. Rodeheffer, Virginia V. Michels, Timothy M. Olson. (2009) Mutations in Ribonucleic Acid Binding Protein Gene Cause Familial Dilated Cardiomyopathy. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 54:10, 930-941
CrossRef86
Shelley D. Miyamoto, R.D. Brown, Bridget A. Robinson, Kenneth L. Tyler, Carlin S. Long, Roberta L. Debiasi. (2009) Cardiac Cell-specific Apoptotic and Cytokine Responses to Reovirus Infection: Determinants of Myocarditic Phenotype. Journal of Cardiac Failure 15:6, 529-539
CrossRef87
Otavio R. Coelho-Filho, Leelakrishna Nallamshetty, Raymond Y. Kwong. (2009) Risk Stratification for Therapeutic Management and Prognosis. Heart Failure Clinics 5:3, 437-455
CrossRef88
Heike Spaderna, Gerdi Weidner, Daniela Zahn, Jacqueline M.A. Smits. (2009) Psychological Characteristics and Social Integration of Patients with Ischemic and Non-Ischemic Heart Failure Newly Listed for Heart Transplantation: The Waiting for a New Heart Study. Applied Psychology: Health and Well-Being 1:2, 188-210
CrossRef89
Sharon Cresci, Reagan J. Kelly, Thomas P. Cappola, Abhinav Diwan, Daniel Dries, Sharon L.R. Kardia, Gerald W. Dorn. (2009) Clinical and Genetic Modifiers of Long-Term Survival in Heart Failure. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 54:5, 432-444
CrossRef90
ROBERT M. HAMILTON, EDUARDO R. AZEVEDO. (2009) Sudden Cardiac Death in Dilated Cardiomyopathies. Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology 32, S32-S40
CrossRef91
Annamalai Senthilkumar, Maulik D. Majmudar, Chetan Shenoy, Han W. Kim, Raymond J. Kim. (2009) Identifying the Etiology: A Systematic Approach Using Delayed-Enhancement Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance. Heart Failure Clinics 5:3, 349-367
CrossRef92
James D. Flaherty, Joseph S. Rossi, Gregg C. Fonarow, Eduardo Nunez, Wendy Gattis Stough, William T. Abraham, Nancy M. Albert, Barry H. Greenberg, Christopher M. O'Connor, Clyde W. Yancy, James B. Young, Charles J. Davidson, Mihai Gheorghiade. (2009) Influence of coronary angiography on the utilization of therapies in patients with acute heart failure syndromes: Findings from Organized Program to Initiate Lifesaving Treatment in Hospitalized Patients with Heart Failure (OPTIMIZE-HF). American Heart Journal 157:6, 1018-1025
CrossRef93
Caroline Medi, Jonathan M. Kalman, Haris Haqqani, Jitendra K. Vohra, Joseph B. Morton, Paul B. Sparks, Peter M. Kistler. (2009) Tachycardia-Mediated Cardiomyopathy Secondary to Focal Atrial Tachycardia. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 53:19, 1791-1797
CrossRef94
Cheuk-Kwan Sun, Li-Teh Chang, Jiunn-Jye Sheu, Chiang-Hua Chiang, Fan-Yen Lee, Chiung-Jen Wu, Sarah Chua, Morgan Fu, Hon-Kan Yip. (2009) Bone marrow–derived mononuclear cell therapy alleviates left ventricular remodeling and improves heart function in rat-dilated cardiomyopathy*. Critical Care Medicine 37:4, 1197-1205
CrossRef95
Judith L. Meadows, David Carballo, Raymond Y. Kwong. (2009) The prognostic value of cardiac MRI. Current Cardiovascular Imaging Reports 2:2, 145-156
CrossRef96
Mitja Lainscak, Stefan D. Anker. (2009) Prognostic Factors in Chronic Heart Failure. Herz Kardiovaskuläre Erkrankungen 34:2, 141-147
CrossRef97
Kun-Lun He, Daniel Burkhoff, Wen-Xiu Leng, Zhi-Ru Liang, Li Fan, Jie Wang, Mathew S. Maurer. (2009) Comparison of Ventricular Structure and Function in Chinese Patients With Heart Failure and Ejection Fractions >55% Versus 40% to 55% Versus <40%. The American Journal of Cardiology 103:6, 845-851
CrossRef98
Daniel J. Egan, Mark C. Bisanzo, H. Range Hutson. (2009) Emergency Department Evaluation and Management of Peripartum Cardiomyopathy. The Journal of Emergency Medicine 36:2, 141-147
CrossRef99
J. S.S.G. de Jong, K. Rietveld, L. T. van Lochem, B. J. Bouma. (2009) Rapid left ventricular recovery after cabergoline treatment in a patient with peripartum cardiomyopathy. European Journal of Heart Failure 11:2, 220-222
CrossRef100
Vishnu Chintalgattu, Shalin S. Patel, Aarif Y. Khakoo. (2009) Cardiovascular Effects of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors Used for Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors. Hematology/Oncology Clinics of North America 23:1, 97-107
CrossRef101
M Heather Henderson, Paul E. Ogden, Stephen J.B. Sibbitt, Colleen Y. Colbert, Jules B. Puschett, Robert C. Scott. (2009) 62-Year-Old-Female With Weakness and Shortness of Breath. The American Journal of the Medical Sciences 337:2, 126-130
CrossRef102
Ntobeko BA Ntusi, Bongani M Mayosi. (2009) Epidemiology of heart failure in sub-Saharan Africa. Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy 7:2, 169-180
CrossRef103
Marcello Marcì, Patrizia Ajovalasit. (2009) Medium-Chain Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase Deficiency in an Infant with Dilated Cardiomyopathy. Cardiology Research and Practice 2009, 1-3
CrossRef104
Ntobeko B.A. Ntusi, Bongani M. Mayosi. (2009) Aetiology and risk factors of peripartum cardiomyopathy: A systematic review. International Journal of Cardiology 131:2, 168-179
CrossRef105
Mpiko Ntsekhe, Bongani M Mayosi. (2008) Cardiac manifestations of HIV infection: an African perspective. Nature Clinical Practice Cardiovascular Medicine 6:2, 120-127
CrossRef106
Karen Sliwa, Kemi Tibazarwa, Denise Hilfiker-Kleiner. (2008) Management of peripartum cardiomyopathy. Current Heart Failure Reports 5:4, 238-244
CrossRef107
J. P. Carpenter, D. J. Pennell. (2008) Cardiovascular magnetic resonance and thalassaemia. The International Journal of Cardiovascular Imaging 24:8, 857-859
CrossRef108
Charles Delagardelle, Patrick Feiereisen, Michel Vaillant, Georges Gilson, Yves Lasar, Jean Beissel, Daniel R. Wagner. (2008) Reverse remodelling through exercise training is more pronounced in non-ischemic heart failure. Clinical Research in Cardiology 97:12, 865-871
CrossRef109
Daniela Cardinale, Alessandro Colombo, Carlo Maria Cipolla. (2008) Prevention and treatment of cardiomyopathy and heart failure in patients receiving Cancer Chemotherapy. Current Treatment Options in Cardiovascular Medicine 10:6, 486-495
CrossRef110
A. D. Calvin, J. B. Geske, M. R. Bell. (2008) 69-Year-Old Woman With Rapid Heartbeat. Mayo Clinic Proceedings 83:12, 1392-1395
CrossRef111
Francisco M. Gomez-Soto, José L. Puerto, José L. Andrey, Francisco J. Fernandez, Miguel A. Escobar, Antonio A. Garcia-Egido, Sotero P. Romero, José A. Bernal, F. Gomez. (2008) Consultation between specialists in Internal Medicine and Family Medicine improves management and prognosis of heart failure. European Journal of Internal Medicine 19:7, 548-554
CrossRef112
Ross Arena, Jonathan Myers, Joshua Abella, Mary Ann Peberdy, Daniel Bensimhon, Paul Chase, Marco Guazzi. (2008) Prognostic Characteristics of Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing in Caucasian and African American Patients With Heart Failure. Congestive Heart Failure 14:6, 310-315
CrossRef113
Aarif Y Khakoo, Edward TH Yeh. (2008) Therapy Insight: management of cardiovascular disease in patients with cancer and cardiac complications of cancer therapy. Nature Clinical Practice Oncology 5:11, 655-667
CrossRef114
A. Chrustowicz, G. Simonis, K. Matschke, R. H. Strasser, A. Gackowski. (2008) Right ventricular dilatation predicts survival after mitral valve repair in patients with impaired left ventricular systolic function. European Journal of Echocardiography 10:2, 309-313
CrossRef115
Christopher Stanton, Farouk Mookadam, Stephen Cha, Dennis McNamara, Pål Aukrust, Romwald Wojnicz, Kent R. Bailey, Leslie T. Cooper. (2008) Greater symptom duration predicts response to immunomodulatory therapy in dilated cardiomyopathy. International Journal of Cardiology 128:1, 38-41
CrossRef116
Christina Dückelmann, Friedrich Mittermayer, Dominik G. Haider, Johann Altenberger, Michael Wolzt. (2008) Plasma asymmetric dimethylarginine and cardiovascular events in patients with acute decompensated heart failure. Translational Research 152:1, 24-30
CrossRef117
Katherine C. Wu, Robert G. Weiss, David R. Thiemann, Kakuya Kitagawa, André Schmidt, Darshan Dalal, Shenghan Lai, David A. Bluemke, Gary Gerstenblith, Eduardo Marbán, Gordon F. Tomaselli, João A.C. Lima. (2008) Late Gadolinium Enhancement by Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Heralds an Adverse Prognosis in Nonischemic Cardiomyopathy. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 51:25, 2414-2421
CrossRef118
J.-B. le Polain de Waroux, A.-C. Pouleur, C. Goffinet, A. Pasquet, J.-L. Vanoverschelde, B. L. Gerber. (2008) Combined coronary and late-enhanced multidetector-computed tomography for delineation of the etiology of left ventricular dysfunction: comparison with coronary angiography and contrast-enhanced cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. European Heart Journal 29:20, 2544-2551
CrossRef119
Nilüfer Duran, Hacı Günes, Ibrahim Duran, Murat Biteker, Mehmet Özkan. (2008) Predictors of prognosis in patients with peripartum cardiomyopathy. International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics 101:2, 137-140
CrossRef120
Pier Giorgio Masci, Steven Dymarkowski, Jan Bogaert. (2008) The role of cardiovascular magnetic resonance in the diagnosis and management of cardiomyopathies. Journal of Cardiovascular Medicine 9:5, 435-449
CrossRef121
Kirkwood F. Adams, Nabil Uddin, J. Herbert Patterson. (2008) Clinical Predictors of In-Hospital Mortality in Acutely Decompensated Heart Failure-Piecing Together the Outcome Puzzle. Congestive Heart Failure 14:3, 127-134
CrossRef122
Olujimi A. Ajijola, K. Veena Nandigam, Bruce A. Chabner, Mary Orencole, G. William Dec, Jeremy N. Ruskin, Jagmeet P. Singh. (2008) Usefulness of Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy in the Management of Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiomyopathy. The American Journal of Cardiology 101:9, 1371-1372
CrossRef123
Syed Wamique Yusuf, Peter Razeghi, Edward T.H. Yeh. (2008) The Diagnosis and Management of Cardiovascular Disease in Cancer Patients. Current Problems in Cardiology 33:4, 163-196
CrossRef124
Koji Takeda, Goro Matsumiya, Hajime Matsue, Masayuki Sakaki, Taichi Sakaguchi, Tomoyuki Fujita, Yoshiki Sawa. (2008) Left Ventricular Reconstructive Surgery in Ischemic Dilated Cardiomyopathy Complicated With Cardiogenic Shock. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 85:4, 1339-1343
CrossRef125
T. Neumann. (2008) HIV, AIDS und kardiovaskuläres Risiko. Der Internist 49:4, 429-435
CrossRef126
Akshay Desai, James C. Fang. (2008) Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction: Hypertension, Diabetes, Obesity/Sleep Apnea, and Hypertrophic and Infiltrative Cardiomyopathy. Heart Failure Clinics 4:1, 87-97
CrossRef127
H.P. Schultheiss, U. Kühl. (2008) Stand der Diagnostik und Therapie der inflammatorischen Kardiomyopathie. Der Internist 49:1, 7-16
CrossRef128
Su-Sung Oh, Ho-Joong Youn, Jeong-Hwan Park, Dong-Hyun Lee, Yun-Seok Choi, Chul-Soo Park, Yong-Seog Oh, Wook-Sung Chung, Soon-Jo Hong. (2008) Endomyocardial Biopsy: One Center's Report About Its Role. Korean Circulation Journal 38:7, 374
CrossRef129
María Sereno, Antonella Brunello, Alberto Chiappori, Jorge Barriuso, Enrique Casado, Cristóbal Belda, Javier Castro, Jaime Feliu, Manuel González-Barón. (2008) Cardiac toxicity: old and new issues in anti-cancer drugs. Clinical and Translational Oncology 10:1, 35-46
CrossRef130
Katsuyuki Miura, Akira Matsumori, Ali Nasermoaddeli, Yoshiyuki Soyama, Yuko Morikawa, Masaru Sakurai, Akira Kitabatake, Masaki Nagai, Yutaka Inaba, Hideaki Nakagawa. (2008) Prognosis and Prognostic Factors in Patients With Idiopathic Dilated Cardiomyopathy in Japan. Circulation Journal 72:3, 343-348
CrossRef131
Helene Glassberg, James Kirkpatrick, Victor A. Ferrari. (2008) Imaging studies in patients with heart failure: Current and evolving technologies. Critical Care Medicine 36:Suppl, S28-S39
CrossRef132
J. Malcolm O. Arnold, Jonathan G. Howlett, Anique Ducharme, Justin A. Ezekowitz, Martin J. Gardner, Nadia Giannetti, Haissam Haddad, George A. Heckman, Debra Isaac, Philip Jong, Peter Liu, Elizabeth Mann, Robert S. McKelvie, Gordon W. Moe, Anna M. Svendsen, Ross T. Tsuyuki, Kelly O’Halloran, Heather J. Ross, Errol J. Sequeira, Michel White. (2008) Canadian Cardiovascular Society Consensus Conference guidelines on heart failure – 2008 update: Best practices for the transition of care of heart failure patients, and the recognition, investigation and treatment of cardiomyopathies. Canadian Journal of Cardiology 24:1, 21-40
CrossRef133
Fahim H. Jafary, Mahesh Kumar, Irfan E. Chandna. (2007) Prognosis of Hospitalized New-Onset Systolic Heart Failure in Indo-Asians—A Lethal Problem. Journal of Cardiac Failure 13:10, 855-860
CrossRef134
Leslie T. Cooper, Kenneth L. Baughman, Arthur M. Feldman, Andrea Frustaci, Mariell Jessup, Uwe Kuhl, Glenn N. Levine, Jagat Narula, Randall C. Starling, Jeffrey Towbin, Renu Virmani. (2007) The Role of Endomyocardial Biopsy in the Management of Cardiovascular Disease. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 50:19, 1914-1931
CrossRef135
Bianca Borchert, Thorsten Lawrenz, Markus Bartelsmeier, Stefan Röthemeyer, Horst Kuhn, Christoph Stellbrink. (2007) Utility of endomyocardial biopsy guided by delayed enhancement areas on magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of cardiac sarcoidosis. Clinical Research in Cardiology 96:10, 759-762
CrossRef136
Roopinder Sandhu, Robert S. Finkelhor, Diyana R. Gunawardena, Robert C. Bahler. (2007) Prevalence and Characteristics of Left Ventricular Noncompaction in a Community Hospital Cohort of Patients with Systolic Dysfunction. Echocardiography 0:0, 070908003502006-???
CrossRef137
Ilya Leyngold, Kenneth Baughman, Edward Kasper, Hossein Ardehali. (2007) Comparison of Survival Among Patients With Connective Tissue Disease and Cardiomyopathy (Systemic Sclerosis, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, and Undifferentiated Disease). The American Journal of Cardiology 100:3, 513-517
CrossRef138
F. A. Recchia, V. Lionetti. (2007) Animal Models of Dilated Cardiomyopathy for Translational Research. Veterinary Research Communications 31:S1, 35-41
CrossRef139
Rangadham Nagarakanti, David Whellan, Sharon Rubin, Paul J. Mather. (2007) Reversible Cardiomyopathies. Cardiology in Review 15:4, 178-183
CrossRef140
Christian Zuppinger, Francesco Timolati, Thomas M. Suter. (2007) Pathophysiology and diagnosis of cancer drug induced cardiomyopathy. Cardiovascular Toxicology 7:2, 61-66
CrossRef141
Wayne L. Miller,, Karen A. Hartman,, Mary F. Burritt,, John C. Burnett, Allan S. Jaffe,. (2007) Troponin, B-type natriuretic peptides and outcomes in severe heart failure: Differences between ischemic and dilated cardiomyopathies. Clinical Cardiology 30:5, 245-250
CrossRef142
Steffen Lamparter, Sabine Pankuweit, Bernhard Maisch. (2007) Clinical and immunologic characteristics in peripartum cardiomyopathy. International Journal of Cardiology 118:1, 14-20
CrossRef143
Venkat Ramachandran, Michael P. Stevens, Mitesh Amin, Darryn Appleton, Antonio Abbate. (2007) Bi-fascicular block on EKG as the initial presenting sign of cardiac sarcoidosis. International Journal of Cardiology 118:1, e1-e2
CrossRef144
Camille G. Frazier, Karen P. Alexander, L. Kristin Newby, Susan Anderson, Erik Iverson, Milton Packer, Jay Cohn, Sidney Goldstein, Pamela S. Douglas. (2007) Associations of Gender and Etiology With Outcomes in Heart Failure With Systolic Dysfunction. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 49:13, 1450-1458
CrossRef145
Grégoire Dambrin, Jean Pierre Laissy, Jean Michel Serfaty, Christophe Caussin, Bernard Lancelin, Jean François Paul. (2007) Diagnostic value of ECG-gated multidetector computed tomography in the early phase of suspected acute myocarditis. A preliminary comparative study with cardiac MRI. European Radiology 17:2, 331-338
CrossRef146
Hak Jin Kim, Eun-Seok Jeon, Jin-Oh Choi, Wang-Soo Lee, Dae-Hee Shin, Sung Won Cho, Joo-Yong Hahn, Sang-Chol Lee, Seung Woo Park, Sang Hoon Lee. (2007) N-terminal Pro B-type Natriuretic Peptide Predicts Cardiac Events in Discharged Patients with Idiopathic Dilated Cardiomyopathy. Korean Circulation Journal 37:5, 202
CrossRef147
Athanasios Christoforidis, Afroditi Haritandi, Ioanna Tsatra, Ioannis Tsitourides, Stavroula Karyda, Miranda Athanassiou-Metaxa. (2007) Four-year evaluation of myocardial and liver iron assessed prospectively with serial MRI scans in young patients with ?-thalassaemia major: comparison between different chelation regimens. European Journal of Haematology 78:1, 52-57
CrossRef148
Antonia Busse, Gero Hütter, Jan Michael Siehl, Alexander Schmittel, Eckhard Thiel, Ulrich Keilholz. (2007) A phase I/IIa clinical trial of CLAOP21 and CLAOP14 in patients with high grade non-Hodgkins lymphoma. Leukemia & Lymphoma 48:9, 1755-1763
CrossRef149
Pradipta Bhakta, Binay K Biswas, Basudeb Banerjee. (2007) Peripartum Cardiomyopathy: Review of the Literature. Yonsei Medical Journal 48:5, 731
CrossRef150
Melvin R. Echols, G. Michael Felker, Kevin L. Thomas, Karen S. Pieper, Jyotsna Garg, Michael S. Cuffe, Mihai Gheorghiade, Robert M. Califf, Christopher M. O'Connor. (2006) Racial Differences in the Characteristics of Patients Admitted for Acute Decompensated Heart Failure and Their Relation to Outcomes: Results From the OPTIME-CHF Trial. Journal of Cardiac Failure 12:9, 684-688
CrossRef151
Ravi G. Assomull, Sanjay K. Prasad, Jonathan Lyne, Gillian Smith, Elizabeth D. Burman, Mohammed Khan, Mary N. Sheppard, Philip A. Poole-Wilson, Dudley J. Pennell. (2006) Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance, Fibrosis, and Prognosis in Dilated Cardiomyopathy. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 48:10, 1977-1985
CrossRef152
Sahoko Ichihara, Yoshiji Yamada, Gaku Ichihara, Hiroaki Kanazawa, Katsunori Hashimoto, Yosuke Kato, Aya Matsushita, Shinji Oikawa, Mitsuhiro Yokota, Mitsunori Iwase. (2006) Attenuation of oxidative stress and cardiac dysfunction by bisoprolol in an animal model of dilated cardiomyopathy. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 350:1, 105-113
CrossRef153
Manuel Anguita-Sánchez, Juan C. Castillo-Domínguez, Dolores Mesa-Rubio, Martín Ruiz-Ortiz, Amador López-Granados, José Suárez de Lezo. (2006) ¿Se deben mantener los inhibidores de la enzima de conversión de la angiotensina a largo plazo en pacientes que normalizan la fracción de eyección tras un episodio de miocarditis aguda?. Revista Española de Cardiología 59:11, 1199-1201
CrossRef154
Kumudha Ramasubbu, Biykem Bozkurt, Douglas L Mann. (2006) Mechanisms of idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathies. Current Opinion in Organ Transplantation 11:5, 553-559
CrossRef155
Geoffrey S. Ginsburg, David Seo, Camille Frazier. (2006) Microarrays Coming of Age in Cardiovascular Medicine. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 48:8, 1618-1620
CrossRef156
J.-P. Laissy, R. Bazeli, N. Benachour, V. Gaxotte, E. Schouman-Claeys, J.-M. Serfaty. (2006) Myocarditis: Diagnostic Value of MR Imaging and CT. Imaging Decisions MRI 10:3, 2-7
CrossRef157
Kenneth Lee Baughman. (2006) Management of a case of peripartum cardiomyopathy. Nature Clinical Practice Cardiovascular Medicine 3:9, 514-518
CrossRef158
Srikanth Sola, Bobby V. Khan. (2006) Reply. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 48:6, 1284
CrossRef159
Olaf Forster, Aftab A Ansari, Karen Sliwa. (2006) Current issues in the diagnosis and management of peripartum cardiomyopathy. Women's Health 2:4, 587-596
CrossRef160
M. Jiménez-Navarro, J.J. Gómez-Doblas, E. Molero, E. de Teresa Galván. (2006) Mortalidad por insuficiencia cardíaca en España: ¿existe una paradoja andaluza?. Revista Clínica Española 206:6, 276-277
CrossRef161
Alan Kadish, Andi Schaechter, Haris Subacius, Emil Thattassery, William Sanders, Kelley P. Anderson, Alan Dyer, Jeffrey Goldberger, Joseph Levine. (2006) Patients With Recently Diagnosed Nonischemic Cardiomyopathy Benefit From Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillators. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 47:12, 2477-2482
CrossRef162
Nicole M Judge, Daniel P Johnson. 2006. Genetics and Heart Failure: Dilated, Restrictive, and Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathies. , 607-622.
CrossRef163
Edward K. Kasper. 2006. Causes and Evaluation for Reversible Etiologies. , 23-36.
CrossRef164
Heart Failure Society of America. (2006) Section 13: Evaluation and Therapy for Heart Failure in the Setting of Ischemic Heart Disease. Journal of Cardiac Failure 12:1, e104-e111
CrossRef165
Changbaig Hyun, Lucio J. Filippich. (2006) Molecular genetics of sudden cardiac death in small animals – A review. The Veterinary Journal 171:1, 39-50
CrossRef166
2006. Lithium. , 2073-2116.
CrossRef167
Angela Ro, William H. Frishman. (2006) Peripartum Cardiomyopathy. Cardiology in Review 14:1, 35-42
CrossRef168
J NG. (2006) Heart failure in pregnancy requiring cesarean section. International Journal of Obstetric Anesthesia 15:1, 89-89
CrossRef169
Michelle M Kittleson, Joshua M Hare. (2005) Molecular signature analysis: the potential of gene-expression analysis in cardiomyopathy. Future Cardiology 1:6, 793-808
CrossRef170
Lubomir Elbl, Hana Hrstkova, Iva Tomaskova, Bohumir Blazek, Jaroslav Michalek. (2005) Long-term serial echocardiographic examination of late anthracycline cardiotoxicity and its prevention by dexrazoxane in paediatric patients. European Journal of Pediatrics 164:11, 678-684
CrossRef171
Jonathan E.E. Yager, Adrian F. Hernandez, Charles Steenbergen, Bradley Persing, Stuart D. Russell, Carmelo Milano, G. Michael Felker. (2005) Recurrence of Cardiac Sarcoidosis in a Heart Transplant Recipient. The Journal of Heart and Lung Transplantation 24:11, 1988-1990
CrossRef172
Karolina M Zareba, Tracie L Miller, Steven E Lipshultz. (2005) Cardiovascular disease and toxicities related to HIV infection and its therapies. Expert Opinion on Drug Safety 4:6, 1017-1025
CrossRef173
Srinivas Murali, Marie R. Baldisseri. (2005) Peripartum cardiomyopathy. Critical Care Medicine 33:Supplement, S340-S346
CrossRef174
Ferhaan Ahmad, J.G. Seidman, Christine E. Seidman. (2005) THE GENETIC BASIS FOR CARDIAC REMODELING. Annual Review of Genomics and Human Genetics 6:1, 185-216
CrossRef175
Burkhard D. Bültmann, Karin Klingel, Michael Näbauer, Diethelm Wallwiener, Reinhard Kandolf. (2005) High prevalence of viral genomes and inflammation in peripartum cardiomyopathy. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 193:2, 363-365
CrossRef176
Edward D. Moloney, Jim J. Egan, Peter Kelly, Alfred E. Wood, Leslie T. Cooper. (2005) Transplantation for Myocarditis: A Controversy Revisited. The Journal of Heart and Lung Transplantation 24:8, 1103-1110
CrossRef177
J. Garriguet, A. López-Cordero, C. Chica, P. Molleja, M.A. Fernández-Sacristán, D. Montiel, F. Delgado, A. Bayona. (2005) Gestación interrumpida del segundo trimestre complicada con miocardiopatía dilatada. Clínica e Investigación en Ginecología y Obstetricia 32:4, 172-175
CrossRef178
Y. Juillière. (2005) Stratification du risque dans l'insuffisance cardiaque chronique. Annales de Cardiologie et d'Angéiologie 54:4, 172-178
CrossRef179
Wendy M. Book. (2005) Heart Failure in the Adult Patient with Congenital Heart Disease. Journal of Cardiac Failure 11:4, 306-312
CrossRef180
Brychan M. Clark, Richard S. Schofield. (2005) Dilated Cardiomyopathy and Acute Liver Injury Associated with Combined Use of Ephedra, γ-Hydroxybutyrate, and Anabolic Steroids. Pharmacotherapy 25:5, 756-761
CrossRef181
C de Carvalho Frimm, H N Soufen, M K Koike, V F A Pereira, M Cúri. (2005) The long-term outcome of patients with hypertensive cardiomyopathy. Journal of Human Hypertension 19:5, 393-400
CrossRef182
L.H.B. Baur. (2005) Relationship of extent and nature of dysfunctional myocardium to brain natriuretic peptide in patients with ischemic left ventricular dysfunction. The International Journal of Cardiovascular Imaging 21:2-3, 301-302
CrossRef183
Aarif Y Khakoo, Marc K Halushka, J Eduardo Rame, E Rene Rodriguez, Edward K Kasper, Daniel P Judge. (2005) Reversible cardiomyopathy caused by administration of interferon α. Nature Clinical Practice Cardiovascular Medicine 2:1, 53-57
CrossRef184
Suvara K. Wattanapitayakul, Linda Chularojmontri, Angkana Herunsalee, Suphan Charuchongkolwongse, Somchit Niumsakul, John A. Bauer. (2005) Screening of Antioxidants from Medicinal Plants for Cardioprotective Effect against Doxorubicin Toxicity. Basic <html_ent glyph="@amp;" ascii="&"/> Clinical Pharmacology <html_ent glyph="@amp;" ascii="&"/> Toxicology 96:1, 80-87
CrossRef185
Samuel Limat, Karine Demesmay, Philippe Fagnoni, Laurent Voillat, Yvette Bernard, Eric Deconinck, Annie Brion, Patrick Arveux, Jean-Yves Cahn, Marie-Christine Woronoff-Lemsi. (2005) Cost Effectiveness of Cardioprotective Strategies in Patients with Aggressive Non-Hodgkin???s Lymphoma. Clinical Drug Investigation 25:11, 719-729
CrossRef186
Osamu Monta, Goro Matsumiya, Norihide Fukushima, Yuji Miyamoto, Yoshiki Sawa, Masahiro Koseki, Itsuko Nakamichi, Hikaru Matsuda. (2005) Mechanical Ventricular Assist System Required for Sustained Severe Cardiac Dysfunction Secondary to Peripartum Cardiomyopathy. Circulation Journal 69:3, 362-364
CrossRef187
G.Michael Felker, Jeffrey D. Leimberger, Robert M. Califf, Michael S. Cuffe, Barry M. Massie, Kirkwood F. Adams, Mihai Gheorghiade, Christopher M. O'Connor. (2004) Risk stratification after hospitalization for decompensated heart failure. Journal of Cardiac Failure 10:6, 460-466
CrossRef188
M. Crivellari, T. Bove, G. Landoni, A. Zangrillo. (2004) Heart failure after Caesarean section for twin delivery. European Journal of Anaesthesiology 21:12, 986-988
CrossRef189
Lisa J. Anderson, Mark A. Westwood, Sally Holden, Bernard Davis, Emma Prescott, Beatrix Wonke, John B. Porter, J. Malcolm Walker, Dudley J. Pennell. (2004) Myocardial iron clearance during reversal of siderotic cardiomyopathy with intravenous desferrioxamine: a prospective study using T2* cardiovascular magnetic resonance. British Journal of Haematology 127:3, 348-355
CrossRef190
Wang, Andrew, Bashore, Thomas M., . (2004) Undercover and Overlooked. New England Journal of Medicine 351:10, 1014-1019
Full Text191
Lars H. Lund, Donna Mancini. (2004) Heart failure in women. Medical Clinics of North America 88:5, 1321-1345
CrossRef192
Liviu Klein, Mihai Gheorghiade. (2004) Coronary artery disease and prevention of heart failure. Medical Clinics of North America 88:5, 1209-1235
CrossRef193
Karla R Bowles, Neil E Bowles. (2004) Genetics of inherited cardiomyopathies. Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy 2:5, 683-697
CrossRef194
Olaf Hedrich, Mark Jacob, Paul J. Hauptman. (2004) Progression of coronary artery disease in non-ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy. Coronary Artery Disease 15:5, 291-297
CrossRef195
C Leclercq, D Gras, A Tang, C Alonso, F Thomas-Revault d’Allones, P Mabo. (2004) Comparative effects of ventricular resynchronization therapy in heart failure patients with or without coronary artery disease. Annales de Cardiologie et d'Angéiologie 53:4, 171-176
CrossRef196
K. Klingel, R. Kandolf. (2004) Endomyokardbiopsie. Monatsschrift Kinderheilkunde 152:6, 611-619
CrossRef197
Roland Jahns, Valérie Boivin, Lutz Hein, Sven Triebel, Christiane E. Angermann, Georg Ertl, Martin J. Lohse. (2004) Direct evidence for a β1-adrenergic receptor–directed autoimmune attack as a cause of idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. Journal of Clinical Investigation 113:10, 1419-1429
CrossRef198
Lambert A. Wu, Leslie T. Cooper. (2004) Potential of the Right Ventricular Endomyocardial Biopsy to Diagnose and Assist in the Management of Congestive Heart Failure: Insights From Recent Clinical Trials. Congestive Heart Failure 10:3, 133-139
CrossRef199
Yoshica Matoba, Hisashi Okubo, Yukihiko Nose. (2004) Therapeutic Left Ventricular Assist Device and Apheresis on Dilated Cardiomyopathy. Artificial Organs 28:2, 171-181
CrossRef200
Ross Arena, Jonathan Myers, Syed Salman Aslam, Elsa B. Varughese, Mary Ann Peberdy. (2004) Prognostic Comparison of the Minute Ventilation/Carbon Dioxide Production Ratio and Slope in Patients with Heart Failure. Heart Drug 4:3, 133-139
CrossRef201
Karolina M. Zareba, Steven E. Lipshultz. (2003) Cardiovascular complications in patients with HIV infection. Current Infectious Disease Reports 5:6, 513-520
CrossRef202
Yvette S. Nout, Kenneth W. Hinchcliff, John D. Bonagura, Kathryn M. Meurs, Tracey L. Papenfuss. (2003) Cardiac Amyloidosis in a Horse. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine 17:4, 588-592
CrossRef203
Mauro Moroni, Spinello Antinori. (2003) HIV and direct damage of organs. AIDS 17, S51-S64
CrossRef204
G.Michael Felker, Raymond L Benza, A.Bleakley Chandler, Jeffrey D Leimberger, Michael S Cuffe, Robert M Califf, Mihai Gheorghiade, Christopher M O’Connor. (2003) Heart failure etiology and response tomilrinone in decompensated heart failure. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 41:6, 997-1003
CrossRef205
Mariell Jessup. (2003) The less familiar face of heart failure. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 41:2, 224-226
CrossRef206
Atsushi Namiki, Tetsuya Kubota, Masayuki Fukazawa, Michiro Ishikawa, Masao Moroi, Jo Aikawa, Kunio Ebine, Tetsu Yamaguchi. (2003) Endothelin-1 Concentrations in Pericardial Fluid Are More Elevated in Patients with Ischemic Heart Disease Than in Patients With Nonischemic Heart Disease. Japanese Heart Journal 44:5, 633-644
CrossRef207
Yuji Okura, G.William Dec, Joshua M Hare, Makoto Kodama, Gerald J Berry, Henry D Tazelaar, Kent R Bailey, Leslie T Cooper. (2003) A clinical and histopathologic comparison of cardiac sarcoidosis and idiopathic giant cell myocarditis. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 41:2, 322-329
CrossRef208
Elaine Winkel, Joseph Parrillo. (2002) Myocarditis. Current Treatment Options in Cardiovascular Medicine 4:6, 455-466
CrossRef209
Fuhua Chen, Kevin Shannon, Shulan Ding, Monica E. Silva, Glenn T. Wetzel, Thomas S. Klitzner, Paul Krogstad. (2002) HIV Type 1 Glycoprotein 120 Inhibits Cardiac Myocyte Contraction. AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses 18:11, 777-784
CrossRef210
Martin Lupton, Eugene Oteng-Ntim, Gubby Ayida, Philip J. Steer. (2002) Cardiac disease in pregnancy. Current Opinion in Obstetrics and Gynecology 14:2, 137-143
CrossRef211
Michael J Mihm, Fushun Yu, David M Weinstein, Peter J Reiser, John Anthony Bauer. (2002) Intracellular distribution of peroxynitrite during doxorubicin cardiomyopathy: evidence for selective impairment of myofibrillar creatine kinase. British Journal of Pharmacology 135:3, 581-588
CrossRef212
Kenneth L. Baughman. (2001) Peripartum cardiomyopathy. Current Treatment Options in Cardiovascular Medicine 3:6, 469-480
CrossRef213
Adrian Danek, Justin P. Rubio, Luca Rampoldi, Mengfatt Ho, Carol Dobson-Stone, Fran
ois Tison, William A. Symmans, Matthias Oechsner, Wolfgang Kalckreuth, Julie M. Watt, Alastair J. Corbett, Hisham H. M. Hamdalla, Andrew G. Marshall, Ian Sutton, Maria Teresa Dotti, Alessandro Malandrini, Ruth H. Walker, Geoff Daniels, Anthony P. Monaco. (2001) McLeod neuroacanthocytosis: Genotype and phenotype. Annals of Neurology 50:6, 755-764
CrossRef214
STACY D. FISHER, STEVEN E. LIPSHULTZ. (2001) Epidemiology of Cardiovascular Involvement in HIV Disease and AIDS. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 946:1, 13-22
CrossRef215
A. Kane, A.A. Dia, A. Diouf, D. Dia, I.B. Diop, J.C. Moreau, E.O. Faye, M. Sarr, S.A. Ba, F. Diadhiou, S.M. Diouf. (2001) La myocardiopathie idiopathique du péripartum : étude prospective échocardiographique. Annales de Cardiologie et d'Angéiologie 50:6, 305-311
CrossRef216
Gee Yen Shin, Philip Rice. (2001) Cocaine use and acute coronary syndromes. The Lancet 358:9290, 1367
CrossRef217
L A Wu, A C Lapeyre, L T Cooper. (2001) Current role of endomyocardial biopsy in the management of dilated cardiomyopathy and myocarditis.. Mayo Clinic Proceedings 76:10, 1030-1038
CrossRef218
Reimold, Sharon C., Rutherford, John D., . (2001) Peripartum Cardiomyopathy. New England Journal of Medicine 344:21, 1629-1630
Full Text219
Elkayam, Uri, Tummala, Padmini P., Rao, Kalpana, Akhter, Mohammed W., Karaalp, Ilyas S., Wani, Omar R., Hameed, Afshan, Gviazda, Israel, Shotan, Avraham, . (2001) Maternal and Fetal Outcomes of Subsequent Pregnancies in Women with Peripartum Cardiomyopathy. New England Journal of Medicine 344:21, 1567-1571
Full Text220
J D Vasiljevic, Z B Popovic, P Otasevic, Z V Popovic, R Vidakovic, M Miric, A N Neskovic. (2001) Myocardial fibrosis assessment by semiquantitative, point-counting and computer-based methods in patients with heart muscle disease: a comparative study. Histopathology 38:4, 338-343
CrossRef221
Gregory Artz, Joshua Wynne. (2000) Restrictive cardiomyopathy. Current Treatment Options in Cardiovascular Medicine 2:5, 431-438
CrossRef222
Elaine Winkel, Maria Rosa Costanzo, Joseph Parrillo. (2000) Myocarditis. Current Treatment Options in Cardiovascular Medicine 2:5, 407-419
CrossRef223
Givertz, Michael M., . (2000) Underlying Causes and Survival in Patients with Heart Failure. New England Journal of Medicine 342:15, 1120-1122
Full Text
