Original Article

Supplemental Perioperative Oxygen to Reduce the Incidence of Surgical-Wound Infection

Robert Greif, M.D., Ozan Akça, M.D., Ernst-Peter Horn, M.D., Andrea Kurz, M.D., and Daniel I. Sessler, M.D. for the Outcomes Research Group

N Engl J Med 2000; 342:161-167January 20, 2000

Abstract

Background

Destruction by oxidation, or oxidative killing, is the most important defense against surgical pathogens and depends on the partial pressure of oxygen in contaminated tissue. An easy method of improving oxygen tension in adequately perfused tissue is to increase the concentration of inspired oxygen. We therefore tested the hypothesis that the supplemental administration of oxygen during the perioperative period decreases the incidence of wound infection.

Full Text of Background...

Methods

We randomly assigned 500 patients undergoing colorectal resection to receive 30 percent or 80 percent inspired oxygen during the operation and for two hours afterward. Anesthetic treatment was standardized, and all patients received prophylactic antibiotic therapy. With use of a double-blind protocol, wounds were evaluated daily until the patient was discharged and then at a clinic visit two weeks after surgery. We considered wounds with culture-positive pus to be infected. The timing of suture removal and the date of discharge were determined by the surgeon, who did not know the patient's treatment-group assignment.

Full Text of Methods...

Results

Arterial oxygen saturation was normal in both groups; however, the arterial and subcutaneous partial pressure of oxygen was significantly higher in the patients given 80 percent oxygen than in those given 30 percent oxygen. Among the 250 patients who received 80 percent oxygen, 13 (5.2 percent; 95 percent confidence interval, 2.4 to 8.0 percent) had surgical-wound infections, as compared with 28 of the 250 patients given 30 percent oxygen (11.2 percent; 95 percent confidence interval, 7.3 to 15.1 percent; P=0.01). The absolute difference between groups was 6.0 percent (95 percent confidence interval, 1.2 to 10.8 percent). The duration of hospitalization was similar in the two groups.

Full Text of Results...

Conclusions

The perioperative administration of supplemental oxygen is a practical method of reducing the incidence of surgical-wound infections.

Full Text of Discussion...

Read the Full Article...

Media in This Article

Figure 1Assignment and Analysis of the 500 Patients in the Study.

Table 1Characteristics of the Patients in the Two Groups.

Article Activity

306 articles have cited this article

Article

Wound infections are common and serious complications of surgery. In patients undergoing colorectal surgery, the incidence of wound infection ranges from 9 percent to 27 percent.1 Surgical-wound infections can prolong hospitalization by 5 to 20 days2 and substantially increase the cost of care.1,3 The first few hours after tissue is contaminated by bacteria constitute a critical period during which wound infections are established.4 Therefore, perioperative factors influence the incidence of infections, even though infections are typically not detected until some days after surgery. The factors that influence the incidence of surgical-wound infection include the site and complexity of surgery,1 the patient's underlying illness, the use or nonuse of prophylactic antibiotics,5-7 the patient's temperature during surgery,2 the presence or absence of hypovolemia,8,9 the degree to which pain is controlled postoperatively,10 and the oxygen tension in tissue.11

Bactericidal activity of neutrophils is mediated by oxidative killing, a critical defense against surgical pathogens.12 Oxidative killing is dependent on the production of bactericidal superoxide radicals from molecular oxygen. The rate of this reaction, which is catalyzed by the NADPH-linked oxygenase, is dependent on the partial pressure of oxygen in the tissue. In the case of neutrophils, oxidative killing depends on a partial pressure of oxygen in the range from 0 to more than 300 mm Hg.13

All wounds disrupt the local vascular supply as a result of injury and thrombosis of vessels, which cause wounds to be hypoxic as compared with normal tissue.14 The oxygen tension of wounds is often less than 30 mm Hg.14 Resistance to infection therefore depends on the partial pressure of oxygen in the wound11 and can thus potentially be improved by increasing arterial oxygen tension beyond that required to saturate blood. We tested the hypothesis that the supplemental administration of oxygen during the perioperative period decreases the incidence of postoperative wound infections in patients undergoing elective colorectal resection.

Methods

We studied 500 patients who were 18 to 80 years of age and who were undergoing elective open colorectal resection, in most cases for cancer or inflammatory bowel disease. We included patients who were undergoing abdominal–peritoneal pull-through procedures, but not those scheduled for minor colon surgery (e.g., polypectomy or isolated colostomy). Other exclusion criteria were a recent history of fever, infection, or both; serious malnutrition (as indicated by a serum albumin concentration of less than 3.3 g per deciliter, a white-cell count of less than 2500 cells per cubic millimeter, or the loss of more than 20 percent of body weight); and bowel obstruction. The institutional review board at each of the three participating institutions approved the study, and all patients provided written informed consent.

Study Protocol

The night before surgery, the patients underwent a standard mechanical bowel preparation with an electrolyte solution. Intraluminal antibiotics were not used, but patients in both groups were given prophylactic intravenous antibiotic therapy for a mean (±SD) of 2.7±2.3 days after the skin incision. Most patients were given metronidazole combined with cefazolin, cefamandole, amoxicillin–clavulanate, or mezlocillin.

Anesthesia was induced with thiopental sodium (3 to 5 mg per kilogram of body weight), fentanyl (1 to 3 μg per kilogram), and vecuronium bromide (0.1 mg per kilogram) given intravenously. It was subsequently maintained with isoflurane, the dose of which was adjusted to keep the mean arterial blood pressure within 20 percent of the preinduction value. Additional fentanyl was administered when the surgery was completed to improve analgesia when the patient emerged from anesthesia.

After the induction of anesthesia and endotracheal intubation, each patient was assigned to one of two groups through the use of a set of computer-generated random numbers. The assignments were stratified according to the participating hospital and were kept in sealed, sequentially numbered envelopes until used. One group of patients received 30 percent oxygen and 70 percent nitrogen; the other group received 80 percent oxygen and 20 percent nitrogen.

The intraoperative administration of gas at the assigned concentrations continued until immediately before extubation, when oxygen was increased to 100 percent during extubation. The concentrations were then returned to the previous levels as soon as deemed safe by the anesthesiologist. During the first two hours of recovery, oxygen at the specified concentration was given through a nonrebreathing mask (AirCare, Apotheus Laboratories, Lubbock, Tex.) that was sealed to the patient's face and connected to a valved manifold and oxygen blender. Patients in both treatment groups subsequently breathed ambient air unless additional oxygen was required to maintain an oxyhemoglobin saturation of more than 92 percent.

The anesthesiologists who cared for the patients were aware of their treatment-group assignments. However, cardboard shields were positioned over flowmeters and relevant monitors to prevent the surgical team from determining the fraction of inspired oxygen. Two hours after a patient's recovery from anesthesia, the record of the administration of anesthesia and the blood gas results were sealed so that the surgeons and investigators who evaluated the wounds postoperatively would be unaware of the patients' treatment-group assignments. Patients were not informed of their group assignments.

The patients were aggressively hydrated during and after surgery because hypovolemia decreases perfusion of the wound and increases the incidence of infection.4 A crystalloid solution was administered intravenously at a rate of 15 ml per kilogram per hour throughout surgery. Blood that had been lost was replaced with a crystalloid solution in a solution-to-blood ratio of 4:1 or a colloid solution in a solution-to-blood ratio of 2:1. Fluids were administered at a rate of 3.5 ml per kilogram per hour for the first 24 hours after surgery and at a rate of 2 ml per kilogram per hour for the subsequent 24 hours. Leukocyte-depleted blood was administered if deemed necessary by the attending surgeon.

There was no antibiotic or antiseptic irrigation of the wound or peritoneal cavity. The technique for wound closure was standardized: all deep layers of the wound, including the peritoneum, were closed with continuous sutures. Subcutaneous tissues were closed with interrupted sutures, and the skin was stapled.

The intraoperative core temperature was maintained at 36°C with the use of a forced-air cover over the patient and warming of intravenous fluid.15 Postoperative pain was treated with intravenous and intramuscular opioids administered by a nurse who was unaware of the patient's treatment-group assignment. The attending surgeon, who was also unaware of the patient's treatment-group assignment, determined when to restart feeding, when to remove the staples, and when to discharge the patient from the hospital. The timing of discharge was based on routine surgical considerations, including the return of bowel function, the control of any infections, and adequate healing of the incision.

Evaluation

Relevant clinical characteristics of patients in each group were recorded. Preoperative laboratory values and factors that might influence the healing of wounds or resistance to infection were recorded. These included smoking history, preoperative hemoglobin concentration, and any coexisting systemic diseases and drug therapy.

We used two scales to evaluate the risk of infection. The scoring system of the Study on the Efficacy of Nosocomial Infection Control (SENIC) of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention assigns one point for each of the following factors: three or more underlying diagnoses at discharge, surgery that lasts two or more hours, an abdominal site of surgery, and the presence of a contaminated or infected wound.1 We modified the system slightly from its original form by using the number of diagnoses at admission rather than at discharge. The National Nosocomial Infection Surveillance System (NNISS) predicts risk on the basis of the type of surgery, the rating of physical status on a scale developed by the American Society of Anesthesiologists (on which a preoperative score of 1 indicates that the patient is healthy and a score of 5 indicates that the patient is critically ill), and the duration of surgery.16 For both scales, higher scores indicate a greater risk of infection. Scores were determined before surgery and randomization.

Intraoperative core temperatures were measured in the distal esophagus (Mon-a-Therm, Mallinckrodt Anesthesiology Products, St. Louis). Infrared aural-canal temperatures (Exergen, Watertown, Mass.) or axillary temperatures were then recorded daily throughout hospitalization. Detailed records of anesthetic and fluid management (including urine output) were kept. Concentrations of inspired oxygen and end-tidal isoflurane and carbon dioxide were measured during anesthesia. Oxygen saturation was measured with pulse oximeters during anesthesia and throughout recovery. Arterial blood was obtained one hour after the induction of anesthesia and two hours after recovery from anesthesia for the measurement of the partial pressure of oxygen.

Surgical wounds were evaluated daily by physicians who were not members of the surgical team and who were unaware of the treatment-group assignments. Patients were then evaluated by the same investigators at a clinic visit two weeks after surgery. We determined the infection status of patients who did not return to the clinic by calling their physicians.

Wounds were considered likely to be infected when pus could be expressed from the incision or aspirated from a loculated mass within the wound. Pus was cultured, and wounds were considered infected when bacteria were cultured from the pus.2 Only infections diagnosed within 15 days after surgery were included in our analysis.

The healing and infection of wounds were scored with the ASEPSIS system.17 The score is derived from the weighted sum of points assigned for the following factors: duration of administration of antibiotics, drainage of pus during local anesthesia, débridement of the wound during general anesthesia, serous discharge, erythema, purulent exudate, separation of deep tissues, isolation of bacteria from the discharge, and hospitalization for more than 14 days. Higher scores indicate poorer healing and a greater likelihood of infection. As an additional indicator of clinical infection, differential white-cell counts were determined preoperatively and on days 1, 3, 6, and 9 after surgery.

In a subgroup of 54 patients at one center (32 of whom were given 30 percent oxygen and 22 of whom were given 80 percent oxygen), we evaluated collagen and protein deposition in wounds. Near the end of surgery, a 7-cm-long expanded polytetrafluoroethylene implant (Impra, International Polymer Engineering, Tempe, Ariz.) was inserted into the subcutaneous tissue a few centimeters to one side of and parallel to the surgical incision. On the seventh day after surgery, the implant was removed and assayed for hydroxyproline and protein.18 In the same subgroup, we measured subcutaneous oxygen tension using a sensor of oxygen in tissue (Licox Medical Systems, Greenvale, N.Y.) positioned within a subcutaneous, saline-filled tonometer inserted in the lateral upper arm.19 Measurements began as soon as practical after the induction of anesthesia and continued at the designated concentration of oxygen throughout surgery and for two hours postoperatively.

In a subgroup of 24 patients (12 per group) at one center, we measured oxygen tension in muscle during surgery. An oxygen electrode was inserted into the quadriceps femoris with a needle 0.35 mm in diameter and driven into the muscle 1 mm at a time.20 At each of 200 measurement points, tissue oxygen tension was recorded. From these values, a histogram of tissue oxygen tensions was constructed for each patient.21 Muscle oxygen tension was evaluated 90 minutes after the induction of anesthesia at the designated fraction of inspired oxygen.

Statistical Analysis

We planned to study a maximum of 1000 patients and to evaluate results after a total of 500 or 750 patients were enrolled. The a priori criterion for ending the study after the enrollment of 500 patients was a difference in the incidence of surgical-wound infections between the two groups with a one-tailed P value of less than 0.012. The study would be stopped after the enrollment of 750 patients if the P value for the difference between the groups was less than 0.016. To compensate for the two initial analyses, a P value of 0.036 would be required for significance on completion of the analysis of all 1000 patients. The overall one-tailed risk of a type I error was thus 5 percent.22

We used an intention-to-treat analysis.23 We considered patients to be in the group to which they were assigned (even if the concentration of oxygen was increased to maintain adequate saturation), and the denominator for each group was all patients assigned to that group (including patients who declined follow-up evaluations of wounds). All outcome events were included in our primary comparison.

Repeated measurements, such as those of tissue oxygen concentration, were averaged over time for each patient and then averaged among the patients in each treatment group. The numbers of postoperative wound infections in each group were analyzed with two-tailed chi-square tests. Other results and potential confounding factors were evaluated with two-tailed chi-square tests, unpaired t-tests, or Mann–Whitney U tests, as appropriate. All P values are two sided.

We used multiple logistic-regression analysis to assess the fractional contribution of potentially predictive factors. These included treatment group, study center, sex, age, weight, height, smoking status, physical status as rated on the scale of the American Society of Anesthesiologists, diagnosis, operation site, preoperative hemoglobin concentration and hematocrit, intraoperative use of opioids (fentanyl), postoperative use of opioids (piritramid), intraoperative isoflurane concentration, duration of surgery, and scores on the SENIC and NNISS scales. Factors that had a P value of less than 0.25 on univariate analysis were entered into the mixed-effects model; those that contributed less than 10 percent to the overall ability of the model to predict the incidence of wound infections were sequentially eliminated.

Results

From July 1996 to October 1998, we enrolled 500 patients, 223 (45 percent) at the Donauspital (Vienna, Austria), 213 (43 percent) at the University of Vienna (Vienna, Austria), and 64 (13 percent) at the University Hospital Eppendorf (Hamburg, Germany). Enrollment in the study was discontinued after 500 patients had been enrolled because the incidence of surgical-wound infection in the two groups differed significantly (P<0.012). Two-hundred fifty patients had been assigned to each group, and an audit confirmed that the patients were given the assigned treatment. Follow-up evaluations of wounds were not completed in three patients who withdrew from the study. These patients had no known infections, and in our analysis we considered them to be uninfected (Figure 1Figure 1Assignment and Analysis of the 500 Patients in the Study.).

The types of prophylactic antibiotics used and the duration of their administration were similar in the two groups. The perioperative administration of oxygen in concentrations that exceeded those designated was required in 38 patients assigned to receive 30 percent oxygen, but in only 1 assigned to receive 80 percent oxygen. Most patients returned for the follow-up visit two weeks after surgery; no previously unidentified wound infections were detected in the clinic or by telephone consultation with the patients' physicians.

The clinical characteristics, diagnoses, surgical procedures, duration of surgery, hemodynamic values, and use of anesthetics were similar in the two groups of patients (Table 1Table 1Characteristics of the Patients in the Two Groups.). The patients who received 80 percent oxygen were given slightly more isoflurane than the patients who received 30 percent oxygen (mean [±SD] end-tidal concentration, 0.90±0.24 percent vs. 0.84±0.24 percent), a difference that was not clinically important.

Arterial oxygen saturation and partial pressure of arterial oxygen were significantly higher intraoperatively in the patients who received 80 percent oxygen. Subcutaneous oxygen tension was significantly higher during and after surgery in the patients who received 80 percent oxygen. Intraoperative oxygen tension in muscle was also significantly higher in the patients given 80 percent oxygen (Table 1).

The overall incidence of surgical-wound infections was 8 percent, which was only slightly higher than the 6 percent predicted by the score on the NNISS scale. Although the scores for the risk of infection on the SENIC and NNISS scales were similar in the two groups (Table 1), surgical-wound infections occurred in only 13 patients who received 80 percent oxygen (5.2 percent; 95 percent confidence interval, 2.4 to 8.0 percent), as compared with 28 patients given 30 percent oxygen (11.2 percent; 95 percent confidence interval, 7.3 to 15.1 percent; P=0.01). The absolute difference in the rates of infection in the two groups was thus 6.0 percent (95 percent confidence interval, 1.2 to 10.8 percent).

Most positive cultures contained several organisms: the important ones were Escherichia coli (17 patients), enterococcus (9 patients), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (8 patients), Staphylococcus aureus (2 patients), S. epidermidis (2 patients), and enterobacter (2 patients). Culture-negative pus was expressed from the wounds of six patients given 30 percent oxygen and four given 80 percent oxygen. The mean ASEPSIS wound scores were higher in patients given 30 percent oxygen than in patients given 80 percent oxygen (5±9 vs. 3±7, P=0.01). The infection rates at the three hospitals did not differ significantly.

Twelve patients in the group that received 30 percent oxygen (4.8 percent) and five in the group that received 80 percent oxygen (2.0 percent) required admission to the intensive care unit (P=0.14). Most admissions were for surgical complications, including dehiscence, anastomotic leak, and peritonitis. Six patients in the group that received 30 percent oxygen (2.4 percent) and one in the group that received 80 percent oxygen (0.4 percent) died within 15 days after surgery (P=0.13). The cause of death in most patients was sepsis and multiorgan failure. The extent of collagen deposition and protein deposition, time to first solid food and suture removal, and duration of hospitalization were similar in the two groups (Table 2Table 2Outcomes in the Two Study Groups.). Only the use of 30 percent oxygen correlated significantly with the risk of infection in the mixed-effects model, with an odds ratio of 2.3 (95 percent confidence interval, 1.2 to 4.6).

Patients with infection had significantly higher ASEPSIS scores and postoperative white-cell counts. Patients with infection had their staples removed one day later after surgery than patients with no infection (P<0.001), and the duration of hospitalization was prolonged by a week (P<0.001) (Table 3Table 3Outcome According to the Presence or Absence of Wound Infection.). There was no significant difference in the infection rate between smokers and nonsmokers.

Discussion

The administration of supplemental oxygen during colorectal resection and for two hours afterward reduced the incidence of wound infection — one of the most serious common complications of surgery — by half.

Surgical-wound infections are expensive.24,25 For example, postoperative infections in patients with cancer add an average of $12,500 per patient to the cost of care.26 One study estimated that 0.5 percent of hospital costs can be attributed to wound infections.27 The one-week-longer hospitalization in patients with infection in our study is consistent with findings in previous studies2,28 and indicates that the infections were clinically important, as do the higher numbers of admissions to the intensive care unit and of deaths in the group given 30 percent oxygen.

We used a sealed mask and a manifold system to deliver oxygen postoperatively so that the administration of oxygen could be controlled precisely. However, similar amounts of oxygen can be delivered through conventional nonrebreathing masks. The postoperative administration of oxygen through a conventional mask introduces little if any extra cost, because virtually all patients are given some oxygen after surgery. A previously reported subgroup analysis of 30 patients revealed that supplemental oxygen did not worsen pulmonary function or cause atelectasis, as indicated by chest radiographs or computed tomographic scans.29 Another subgroup analysis of 231 patients revealed that supplemental oxygen halved the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting.30

The formation of scars requires hydroxylation of proline and lysine residues.31 The prolyl and lysyl hydroxylases that catalyze this reaction require oxygen as a substrate.31 However, the Michaelis–Menten constant for oxygen of prolyl hydroxylase is 20 to 25 mm Hg.32,33 Proline hydroxylation of collagen will thus be relatively insensitive to the partial pressure of oxygen in the measured range of values for subcutaneous oxygen tension. That the extent of collagen deposition (scar formation) and the time to staple removal were similar in our two study groups is consistent with this theory and suggests that healing in the absence of infection was not improved by supplemental oxygen.

As might be expected from the similar rates of healing, the duration of hospitalization was similar in the two groups. This finding contrasts with the results of our previous study, in which patients were allowed to become mildly hypothermic during surgery.2 The patients who became hypothermic had a higher incidence of infection and delayed hospital discharge. However, they also had poor healing because hypothermia reduced the amount of collagen deposition and delayed the removal of sutures, even in patients with no infection. These conditions suggest that factors other than infection, such as healing itself, affected the timing of discharge.

We2 and others34,35 have identified smoking as a significant risk factor for surgical-wound infection. We were thus surprised that no similar correlation was evident in our current study. However, an important difference between this and previous studies is that smoking is no longer allowed in patients' rooms; furthermore, smoking areas are not even readily accessible from some wards.

In summary, the administration of supplemental oxygen during colorectal resection and for two hours afterward halved the incidence of surgical-wound infection. Because the cost of and risk associated with supplemental perioperative oxygen are trivial, the provision of supplemental oxygen appears to be a practical method of reducing the incidence of this dangerous and expensive complication.

Presented in part at the annual meeting of the International Anesthesia Research Society, Los Angeles, March 12–16, 1999; the European Surgical Wound Infection Society, London, May 15, 1998; the annual meeting of the German Anesthesia Society, Wiesbaden, May 5–8, 1999; and the annual meeting of the American Society of Anesthesiologists, Dallas, October 9–13, 1999.

Supported by grants from the National Institutes of Health (GM58273 and GM27345), the Fonds zur Förderung der wissenschaftlichen Forschung, the Joseph Drown Foundation, the Anesthesia Patient Safety Foundation, the Max Kade Foundation, the Erwin-Schrödinger Foundation, the Bürgermeister Fond der Stadt Wien, and the Austrian National Bank Fund.

We are indebted to I. Kubik, E. Fleishman, B. Birkenberg, A. Baker, K. Jonas, K. Swoboda, N. Wagner, and M. Sindi for their generous assistance; to the anesthesia, recovery, and surgical-ward nurses for their cooperation and assistance; to Apotheus Laboratories for the donation of the nonrebreathing mask and manifold systems; and to Mallinckrodt Anesthesiology Products for the donation of the thermometers and thermocouples.

Source Information

From the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Donauspital (R.G.); the Department of Anesthesia and General Intensive Care, Vienna General Hospital, University of Vienna (O.A., A.K., D.I.S.);and the Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Clinical Anesthesia (D.I.S.) — all in Vienna, Austria; the Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (E.-P.H.); the Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University, St. Louis (A.K.); and the Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California–San Francisco, San Francisco (D.I.S.).

Address reprint requests to Dr. Sessler at the Outcomes Research Group, Department of Anesthesia, 374 Parnassus Ave., Third Fl., University of California–San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0648, or at sessler@anesthesia.ucsf.edu.

The other study investigators are listed in the Appendix.

Appendix

The following investigators participated in the study: Donauspital, Vienna, Austria — W. Feil, L. Koller, S. Laciny, J. Neumark, F. Niedermayer, B. Rapf, S. Seisenbacher, T. Wasinger; Vienna General Hospital, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria — L. Akça, W. Erlacher, R. Fugger, V. Goll, F. Herbst, H. Hetz, C. Hieber, M. Imhof, F.X. Lackner, K. Lampl, R. Lenhardt, E. Marker, P. Nagele, O. Panzer, B. Petschnigg, O. Plattner, S. Roka, A. Schoellkopf, A.M. Schultz, F. Seibt, T. Wallner, J. Wang, A. Werba, K.H. Wiesenger, J. Zacherl, M. Zimpfer; University Hospital Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany — M. Burmeister, G. Redmann, J. Schulte am Esch, T. Standl; University of California–San Francisco, San Francisco — H. Hopf, H. Scheuenstuhl, F. Tayefeh; Washington University, St. Louis — Ç.F. Arkiliç.

References

References

1. 1

   Haley RW, Culver DH, Morgan WM, White JW, Emori TG, Hooton TM. Identifying patients at high risk of surgical wound infection: a simple multivariate index of patient susceptibility and wound contamination. Am J Epidemiol 1985;121:206-215
   Web of Science | Medline

2. 2

   Kurz A, Sessler DI, Lenhardt R. Perioperative normothermia to reduce the incidence of surgical-wound infection and shorten hospitalization. N Engl J Med 1996;334:1209-1215
   Full Text | Web of Science | Medline

3. 3

   Bremmelgaard A, Raahave D, Beier-Holgersen R, Pedersen JV, Andersen S, Sorensen AI. Computer-aided surveillance of surgical infections and identification of risk factors. J Hosp Infect 1989;13:1-18
   CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline

4. 4

   Miles AA, Miles EM, Burke J. The value and duration of defence reactions of the skin to the primary lodgement of bacteria. Br J Exp Pathol 1957;38:79-96
   Web of Science | Medline

5. 5

   Burke JF. The effective period of preventive antibiotic action in experimental incisions and dermal lesions. Surgery 1961;50:161-168
   Web of Science | Medline

6. 6

   Van Oss CJ, Absolom DR, Moore LL, Park BH, Humbert JR. Effect of temperature on the chemotaxis, phagocytic engulfment, digestion and O₂ consumption of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. J Reticuloendothel Soc 1980;27:561-565
   Medline

7. 7

   Classen DC, Evans RS, Pestotnik SL, Horn SD, Menlove RL, Burke JP. The timing of prophylactic administration of antibiotics and the risk of surgical-wound infection. N Engl J Med 1992;326:281-286
   Full Text | Web of Science | Medline

8. 8

   Jonsson K, Jensen JA, Goodson WH III, West JM, Hunt TK. Assessment of perfusion in postoperative patients using tissue oxygen measurements. Br J Surg 1987;74:263-267
   CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline

9. 9

   Hartmann M, Jonsson K, Zederfeldt B. Effect of tissue perfusion and oxygenation on accumulation of collagen in healing wounds: randomized study in patients after major abdominal operations. Eur J Surg 1992;158:521-526
   Medline

10. 10

    Akca O, Melischek M, Scheck T, et al. Postoperative pain and subcutaneous oxygen tension. Lancet 1999;354:41-42
    CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline

11. 11

    Hopf HW, Hunt TK, West JM, et al. Wound tissue oxygen tension predicts the risk of wound infection in surgical patients. Arch Surg 1997;132:997-1005
    Web of Science | Medline

12. 12

    Babior BM. Oxygen-dependent microbial killing by phagocytes. N Engl J Med 1978;298:659-668
    Full Text | Web of Science | Medline

13. 13

    Allen DB, Maguire JJ, Mahdavian M, et al. Wound hypoxia and acidosis limit neutrophil bacterial killing mechanisms. Arch Surg 1997;132:991-996
    Web of Science | Medline

14. 14

    Niinikoski J, Jussila P, Vihersaari T. Radical mastectomy wound as a model for studies of human wound metabolism. Am J Surg 1973;126:53-58
    CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline

15. 15

    Kurz A, Kurz M, Poeschl G, Faryniak B, Redl G, Hackl W. Forced-air warming maintains intraoperative normothermia better than circulating-water mattresses. Anesth Analg 1993;77:89-95
    Web of Science | Medline

16. 16

    Culver DH, Horan TC, Gaynes RP, et al. Surgical wound infection rates by wound class, operative procedure, and patient risk index. Am J Med 1991;91:Suppl 3B:152S-157S
    CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline

17. 17

    Byrne DJ, Malek MM, Davey PG, Cuschieri A. Postoperative wound scoring. Biomed Pharmacother 1989;43:669-673
    CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline

18. 18

    Lindblad WJ, Diegelmann RF. Quantitation of hydroxyproline isomers in acid hydrolysates by high-performance liquid chromatography. Anal Biochem 1984;138:390-395
    CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline

19. 19

    Chang N, Goodson WH III, Gottrup F, Hunt TK. Direct measurement of wound and tissue oxygen tension in postoperative patients. Ann Surg 1983;197:470-478
    CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline

20. 20

    Fleckstein W, Weiss C. A comparison of Po2 histograms from rabbit hind-limb muscles obtained by simultaneous measurements with hypodermic needle electrodes and with surface electrodes. Adv Exp Med Biol 1984;169:447-455
    Web of Science | Medline

21. 21

    Steinberg B, Kochs E, Bause H, Schulte am Esch J. Einflüsse von niedermolekularer Hydroxyäthylstärke (HAS 40) im Vergleich zu Ringer-Lösung auf die Sauerstoffspannung des Skelet muskels bei septischen Patienten. Anasth Intensivther Notf Med 1989;24:377-381
    CrossRef | Medline

22. 22

    Fleming TR, Harrington DP, O'Brien PC. Designs for group sequential tests. Control Clin Trials 1984;5:348-361
    CrossRef | Medline

23. 23

    Meinert CL. Clinical trials: design, conduct, and analysis. Vol. 8 of Monographs in epidemiology and biostatistics. New York: Oxford University Press, 1986.
    

24. 24

    Lynch W, Malek M, Davey PG, Byrne DJ, Napier A. Costing wound infection in a Scottish hospital. Pharmacoeconomics 1992;2:163-170
    CrossRef | Medline

25. 25

    Zoutman D, McDonald S, Vethanayagan D. Total and attributable costs of surgical-wound infections at a Canadian tertiary-care center. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 1998;19:254-259
    CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline

26. 26

    Shulkin DJ, Kinosian B, Glick H, Glen-Puschett C, Daly J, Eisenberg JM. The economic impact of infections: an analysis of hospital costs and charges in surgical patients with cancer. Arch Surg 1993;128:449-452
    Web of Science | Medline

27. 27

    Poulsen KB, Bremmelgaard A, Sorensen AI, Raahave D, Petersen JV. Estimated costs of postoperative wound infections: a case-control study of marginal hospital and social security costs. Epidemiol Infect 1994;113:283-295
    CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline

28. 28

    Haley RW, Schaberg DR, Von Allmen SD, McGowan JE Jr. Estimating the extra charges and prolongation of hospitalization due to nosocomial infections: a comparison of methods. J Infect Dis 1980;141:248-257
    CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline

29. 29

    Akca O, Podolsky A, Eisenhuber E, et al. Comparable postoperative pulmonary atelectasis in patients given 30% or 80% oxygen during and 2 hours after colon resection. Anesthesiology 1999;91:991-998
    CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline

30. 30

    Greif R, Laciny S, Rapf B, Hickle RS, Sessler DI. Supplemental oxygen reduces the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting. Anesthesiology 1999;91:1246-1252
    CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline

31. 31

    Prockop DJ, Kivirikko KI, Tuderman L, Guzman NA. The biosynthesis of collagen and its disorders. N Engl J Med 1979;301:13-23
    Full Text | Web of Science | Medline

32. 32

    Hutton JJ Jr, Tappel AL, Udenfriend S. Cofactor and substrate requirements of collagen proline hydroxylase. Arch Biochem Biophys 1967;118:231-240
    CrossRef | Web of Science

33. 33

    Myllyla R, Tuderman L, Kivirikko KI. Mechanism of the prolyl hydroxylase reaction. 2. Kinetic analysis of the reaction sequence. Eur J Biochem 1977;80:349-357
    CrossRef | Medline

34. 34

    Fawcett A, Schembekar M, Church JS, Vashisht R, Springall RG, Nott DM. Smoking, hypertension, and colonic anastomotic healing: a combined clinical and histopathological study. Gut 1996;38:714-718
    CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline

35. 35

    Stopinski J, Staib I, Weissbach M. L'abus de nicotine et d'alcool ont-ils une influence sur l'apparition des infections bactériennes post-opératoires? J Chir (Paris) 1993;130:422-425
    Web of Science | Medline

Citing Articles (306)

Citing Articles

1. 1

   Göran Hedenstierna, Hans Ulrich Rothen. 2012. Respiratory Function During Anesthesia: Effects on Gas Exchange. .
   CrossRef

2. 2

   Stacie Deiner, Jeffrey H. Silverstein. (2012) Long-Term Outcomes in Elderly Surgical Patients. Mount Sinai Journal of Medicine: A Journal of Translational and Personalized Medicine 79:1, 95-106
   CrossRef

3. 3

   Jay S. Lee, Awori J. Hayanga, James J. Kubus, Henry Makepeace, Max Hutton, Darrell A. Campbell, Michael J. Englesbe. (2011) Local Anesthesia: A Strategy for Reducing Surgical Site Infections?. World Journal of Surgery 35:12, 2596-2602
   CrossRef

4. 4

   Robert E. Freundlich, Sachin Kheterpal. (2011) Perioperative effectiveness research using large databases. Best Practice & Research Clinical Anaesthesiology 25:4, 489-498
   CrossRef

5. 5

   M.R. Tatterton, S. Homer-Vanniasinkam. (2011) Infections in vascular surgery. Injury 42, S35-S41
   CrossRef

6. 6

   Kelley D. Hodgkiss-Harlow, Dennis F. Bandyk. (2011) Antibiotic Therapy of Aortic Graft Infection: Treatment and Prevention Recommendations. Seminars in Vascular Surgery 24:4, 191-198
   CrossRef

7. 7

   Glenn Eastwood, Rinaldo Bellomo, Michael Bailey, Gopal Taori, David Pilcher, Paul Young, Richard Beasley. (2011) Arterial oxygen tension and mortality in mechanically ventilated patients. Intensive Care Medicine
   CrossRef

8. 8

   Akihiro Watanabe, Shunji Kohnoe, Hideto Sonoda, Ken Shirabe, Kengo Fukuzawa, Soichiro Maekawa, Hiroyuki Matsuda, Masayuki Kitamura, Hiroshi Matsuura, Takeharu Yamanaka, Yoshihiro Kakeji, Shunichi Tsujitani, Yoshihiko Maehara. (2011) Effect of intra-abdominal absorbable sutures on surgical site infection. Surgery Today
   CrossRef

9. 9

   Claire L. Donohoe, Ciara Feeney, Michael F. Carey, John V. Reynolds. (2011) Perioperative evaluation of the obese patient. Journal of Clinical Anesthesia 23:7, 575-586
   CrossRef

10. 10

    Lauren A. Sullivan, Vicki L. Campbell, Steven V. Radecki, Craig B. Webb. (2011) Comparison of tissue oxygen saturation in ovariohysterectomized dogs recovering on room air versus nasal oxygen insufflation. Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Caren/a-n/a
    CrossRef

11. 11

    Mario Schietroma, Francesco Carlei, Emanuela Marina Cecilia, Federica Piccione, Zuleyka Bianchi, Gianfranco Amicucci. (2011) Colorectal Infraperitoneal Anastomosis: The Effects of Perioperative Supplemental Oxygen Administration on the Anastomotic Dehiscence. Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery
    CrossRef

12. 12

    Moris Topaz, Orly Bisker, Moni Litmanovitch, Gershon Keren. (2011) Application of regulated oxygen-enriched negative pressure-assisted wound therapy in combating anaerobic infections. European Journal of Plastic Surgery 34:5, 351-358
    CrossRef

13. 13

    Tomas B. Corcoran, Anne E. Barden, Emilie Mas, Sina Grape, Viktoria Koren, Michael Phillips, L. Jackson Roberts, Trevor A. Mori. (2011) Hemoglobin attenuates the effects of inspired oxygen on plasma isofurans in humans during upper-limb surgery. Free Radical Biology and Medicine 51:6, 1235-1239
    CrossRef

14. 14

    Christina M. Scifres, Barbara L. Leighton, Patricia J. Fogertey, George A. Macones, David M. Stamilio. (2011) Supplemental oxygen for the prevention of postcesarean infectious morbidity: a randomized controlled trial. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 205:3, 267.e1-267.e9
    CrossRef

15. 15

    Jayesh Shah. (2011) Correction of Hypoxia, A Critical Element for Wound Bed Preparation Guidelines. TIME02 Principle of wound Bed Preparation. The Journal of the American College of Certified Wound Specialists
    CrossRef

16. 16

    Duane R. Hospenthal, Clinton K. Murray, Romney C. Andersen, R. Bryan Bell, Jason H. Calhoun, Leopoldo C. Cancio, John M. Cho, Kevin K. Chung, Jon C. Clasper, Marcus H. Colyer, Nicholas G. Conger, George P. Costanzo, Helen K. Crouch, Thomas K. Curry, Laurie C. DʼAvignon, Warren C. Dorlac, James R. Dunne, Brian J. Eastridge, James R. Ficke, Mark E. Fleming, Michael A. Forgione, Andrew D. Green, Robert G. Hale, David K. Hayes, John B. Holcomb, Joseph R. Hsu, Kent E. Kester, Gregory J. Martin, Leon E. Moores, William T. Obremskey, Kyle Petersen, Evan M. Renz, Jeffrey R. Saffle, Joseph S. Solomkin, Deena E. Sutter, David R. Tribble, Joseph C. Wenke, Timothy J. Whitman, Andrew R. Wiesen, Glenn W. Wortmann. (2011) Guidelines for the Prevention of Infections Associated With Combat-Related Injuries: 2011 Update. The Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care 71, S210-S234
    CrossRef

17. 17

    Clinton K. Murray, William T. Obremskey, Joseph R. Hsu, Romney C. Andersen, Jason H. Calhoun, Jon C. Clasper, Timothy J. Whitman, Thomas K. Curry, Mark E. Fleming, Joseph C. Wenke, James R. Ficke. (2011) Prevention of Infections Associated With Combat-Related Extremity Injuries. The Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care 71, S235-S257
    CrossRef

18. 18

    Magnus Grabe, Henry Botto, Mete Cek, Peter Tenke, Florian M. E. Wagenlehner, Kurt G. Naber, Truls E. Bjerklund Johansen. (2011) Preoperative assessment of the patient and risk factors for infectious complications and tentative classification of surgical field contamination of urological procedures. World Journal of Urology
    CrossRef

19. 19

    Harriet O. Smith, Lejla Delic. 2011. Postoperative Surveillance and Perioperative Prophylaxis. , 161-234.
    CrossRef

20. 20

    Laura H. Rosenberger, Amani D. Politano, Robert G. Sawyer. (2011) The Surgical Care Improvement Project and Prevention of Post-Operative Infection, Including Surgical Site Infection. Surgical Infections 12:3, 163-168
    CrossRef

21. 21

    Jaume Canet, F. Javier Belda. (2011) Perioperative Hyperoxia. Anesthesiology 114:6, 1271-1273
    CrossRef

22. 22

    Amanda M. Beltramini, Robert A. Salata, Amy J. Ray. (2011) Thermoregulation and Risk of Surgical Site Infection. Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology 32:6, 603-610
    CrossRef

23. 23

    J. Wesley Alexander, Joseph S. Solomkin, Michael J. Edwards. (2011) Updated Recommendations for Control of Surgical Site Infections. Annals of Surgery 253:6, 1082-1093
    CrossRef

24. 24

    Anne K. Stæhr, Christian S. Meyhoff, Lars S. Rasmussen. (2011) Inspiratory Oxygen Fraction and Postoperative Complications in Obese Patients. Anesthesiology 114:6, 1313-1319
    CrossRef

25. 25

    Johanna Turtiainen, Eija I. T. Saimanen, Teemu J. Partio, Kimmo T. Mäkinen, Matti T. Reinikainen, Jyrki J. Virkkunen, Kari S. Vuorio, Tapio Hakala. (2011) Supplemental Postoperative Oxygen in the Prevention of Surgical Wound Infection after Lower Limb Vascular Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial. World Journal of Surgery 35:6, 1387-1395
    CrossRef

26. 26

    J. Meier, O. Habler. (2011) Rationaler Einsatz von Sauerstoff in Anästhesie und Intensivmedizin. Der Anaesthesist 60:4, 292-302
    CrossRef

27. 27

    William Peruzzi. (2011) Lung protective strategy: Many pieces of the puzzle. Journal of Critical Care 26:2, 152-154
    CrossRef

28. 28

    Mantaj S. Brar, Savtaj S. Brar, Elijah Dixon. (2011) Perioperative Supplemental Oxygen in Colorectal Patients: A Meta-Analysis. Journal of Surgical Research 166:2, 227-235
    CrossRef

29. 29

    Alparslan Turan, Edward J. Mascha, Dmitry Roberman, Patricia L. Turner, Jing You, Andrea Kurz, Daniel I. Sessler, Leif Saager. (2011) Smoking and Perioperative Outcomes. Anesthesiology 114:4, 837-846
    CrossRef

30. 30

    Deverick J. Anderson. (2011) Surgical Site Infections. Infectious Disease Clinics of North America 25:1, 135-153
    CrossRef

31. 31

    Ozan Akça. (2011) Managing Intraoperative Blood Pressure with Norepinephrine. Anesthesiology 114:3, 488-489
    CrossRef

32. 32

    Ishai Levin, Jonia Amer-Alshiek, Amiram Avni, Joseph B. Lessing, Abed Satel, Benny Almog. (2011) Chlorhexidine and Alcohol Versus Povidone-Iodine for Antisepsis in Gynecological Surgery. Journal of Women's Health 20:3, 321-324
    CrossRef

33. 33

    Paolo Erba, Rei Ogawa, Maximilian Ackermann, Avner Adini, Lino F. Miele, Pouya Dastouri, Doug Helm, Steven J. Mentzer, Robert J. D’Amato, George F. Murphy, Moritz A. Konerding, Dennis P. Orgill. (2011) Angiogenesis in Wounds Treated by Microdeformational Wound Therapy. Annals of Surgery 253:2, 402-409
    CrossRef

34. 34

    Mervyn Singer, Michael A Matthay. (2011) Clinical review: Thinking outside the box - an iconoclastic view of current practice. Critical Care 15:4, 225
    CrossRef

35. 35

    M. Carles, M. Blay, E. Gaertner. (2011) Anestesia en cirugía ortopédica. EMC - Anestesia-Reanimación 37:3, 1-14
    CrossRef

36. 36

    M. Carles, M. Blay, E. Gaertner. (2011) Anestesia in chirurgia ortopedica. EMC - Anestesia-Rianimazione 16:3, 1-13
    CrossRef

37. 37

    Patrick Y. Wuethrich, Fiona C. Burkhard. (2011) No Perioperative Pulmonary Complications after Restricted Oxygen Exposition in Bleomycin-Treated Patients: A Short Report. ISRN Anesthesiology 2011, 1-3
    CrossRef

38. 38

    Jørn Wetterslev, Christian S Meyhoff, Lars N Jørgensen, Christian Gluud, Lars S Rasmussen, Jørn Wetterslev. 2010. The effects of high perioperative inspiratory oxygen fraction for adult surgical patients. .
    CrossRef

39. 39

    Carsten Ochmann, Benjamin Tuschy, Ralf Beschmann, Florian Hamm, Kerstin D Röhm, Swen N Piper. (2010) Supplemental oxygen reduces serotonin levels in plasma and platelets during colorectal surgery and reduces postoperative nausea and vomiting. European Journal of Anaesthesiology 27:12, 1036-1043
    CrossRef

40. 40

    Bryce W. Murray, Sergio Huerta, Sean Dineen, Thomas Anthony. (2010) Surgical Site Infection in Colorectal Surgery: A Review of the Nonpharmacologic Tools of Prevention. Journal of the American College of Surgeons 211:6, 812-822
    CrossRef

41. 41

    S. L. Doyle, J. Lysaght, J. V. Reynolds. (2010) Obesity and post-operative complications in patients undergoing non-bariatric surgery. Obesity Reviews 11:12, 875-886
    CrossRef

42. 42

    Ursula A. Galway, Brian M. Parker, Raymond G. Borkowski. (2010) Prevention of Postoperative Surgical Site Infections. International Anesthesiology Clinics 47:4, 37-53
    CrossRef

43. 43

    Sachiko Matsuzaki, Kris Jardon, Elodie Maleysson, Francis D’Arpiany, Michel Canis, Jean-Etienne Bazin, Gérard Mage. (2010) Carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum, intraperitoneal pressure, and peritoneal tissue hypoxia: a mouse study with controlled respiratory support. Surgical Endoscopy 24:11, 2871-2880
    CrossRef

44. 44

    Louis William Wang, Shing Wai Wong, Philip John Crowe, Kok Eng Khor, Grazyna Jastrzab, Andrew David Parasyn, William Robert Walsh. (2010) Wound infusion with local anaesthesia after laparotomy: a randomized controlled trial. ANZ Journal of Surgery 80:11, 794-801
    CrossRef

45. 45

    A. Noorani, N. Rabey, S. R. Walsh, R. J. Davies. (2010) Systematic review and meta-analysis of preoperative antisepsis with chlorhexidine versus povidone-iodine in clean-contaminated surgery. British Journal of Surgery 97:11, 1614-1620
    CrossRef

46. 46

    Jens Meier, Konrad Messmer, Oliver Habler. 2010. Hyperoxic Hemodilution. , 450-457.
    CrossRef

47. 47

    Bala Venkatesh, Thomas J. Morgan, Jeremy Cohen. (2010) Interstitium: The next diagnostic and therapeutic platform in critical illness. Critical Care Medicine 38, S630-S636
    CrossRef

48. 48

    Enrico Calzia, Pierre Asfar, Balász Hauser, Martin Matejovic, Costantino Ballestra, Peter Radermacher, Michael Georgieff. (2010) Hyperoxia may be beneficial. Critical Care Medicine 38, S559-S568
    CrossRef

49. 49

    Jesse M. Ehrenfeld, Luke M. Funk, Johan Schalkwyk, Alan F. Merry, Warren S. Sandberg, Atul Gawande. (2010) The incidence of hypoxemia during surgery: evidence from two institutions. Canadian Journal of Anesthesia/Journal canadien d'anesthésie 57:10, 888-897
    CrossRef

50. 50

    Kate Reid, Peter Pockney, Brian Draganic, Stephen R. Smith. (2010) Barrier Wound Protection Decreases Surgical Site Infection in Open Elective Colorectal Surgery: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Diseases of the Colon & Rectum 53:10, 1374-1380
    CrossRef

51. 51

    J. F. Fiore, L. Browning, A. Bialocerkowski, R. L. Gruen, I. G. Faragher, L. Denehy. (2010) HOSPITAL DISCHARGE CRITERIA FOLLOWING COLORECTAL SURGERY: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW. Colorectal Diseaseno-no
    CrossRef

52. 52

    Bennett-Guerrero, Elliott, Pappas, Theodore N., Koltun, Walter A., Fleshman, James W., Lin, Min, Garg, Jyotsna, Mark, Daniel B., Marcet, Jorge E., Remzi, Feza H., George, Virgilio V., Newland, Kerstin, Corey, G.R., . (2010) Gentamicin–Collagen Sponge for Infection Prophylaxis in Colorectal Surgery. New England Journal of Medicine 363:11, 1038-1049
    Full Text

53. 53

    David B Wax, Hung-Mo Lin, Sabera Hossain, Steven B Porter. (2010) Intraoperative carbon dioxide management and outcomes. European Journal of Anaesthesiology 27:9, 819-823
    CrossRef

54. 54

    T. Hachenberg, M. Sentürk, O. Jannasch, H. Lippert. (2010) Postoperative Wundinfektionen. Der Anaesthesist 59:9, 851-868
    CrossRef

55. 55

    Motaz Qadan, Christopher Battista, Sarah A. Gardner, Gary Anderson, Ozan Akca, Hiram C. Polk. (2010) Oxygen and Surgical Site Infection. Anesthesiology 113:2, 369-377
    CrossRef

56. 56

    Daniel I. Sessler. (2010) Neuraxial Anesthesia and Surgical Site Infection. Anesthesiology 113:2, 265-267
    CrossRef

57. 57

    Benoit Vallet, Emmanuel Futier. (2010) Perioperative oxygen therapy and oxygen utilization. Current Opinion in Critical Care 16:4, 359-364
    CrossRef

58. 58

    S. Schreml, R.M. Szeimies, L. Prantl, S. Karrer, M. Landthaler, P. Babilas. (2010) Oxygen in acute and chronic wound healing. British Journal of Dermatology 163:2, 257-268
    CrossRef

59. 59

    Chuen-Chau Chang, Hsiu-Chen Lin, Hui-Wen Lin, Herng-Ching Lin. (2010) Anesthetic Management and Surgical Site Infections in Total Hip or Knee Replacement. Anesthesiology 113:2, 279-284
    CrossRef

60. 60

    Joana M. Frey, Henrik K. Svegby, Peter K. Svenarud, Jan A. Van Der Linden. (2010) CO2 insufflation influences the temperature of the open surgical wound. Wound Repair and Regeneration 18:4, 378-382
    CrossRef

61. 61

    Katharine W. Markell, Ben M. Hunt, Paul D. Charron, Rodney J. Kratz, Jeffrey Nelson, John T. Isler, Scott R. Steele, Richard P. Billingham. (2010) Prophylaxis and Management of Wound Infections after Elective Colorectal Surgery: A Survey of the American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons Membership. Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 14:7, 1090-1098
    CrossRef

62. 62

    Raghavendra Govinda, Yusuke Kasuya, Endrit Bala, Ramatia Mahboobi, Jagan Devarajan, Daniel I. Sessler, Ozan Akça. (2010) Early Postoperative Subcutaneous Tissue Oxygen Predicts Surgical Site Infection. Anesthesia & Analgesia1
    CrossRef

63. 63

    Barbara Kabon, Romana Rozum, Corinna Marschalek, Gerhard Prager, Edith Fleischmann, Astrid Chiari, Andrea Kurz. (2010) Supplemental Postoperative Oxygen and Tissue Oxygen Tension in Morbidly Obese Patients. Obesity Surgery 20:7, 885-894
    CrossRef

64. 64

    David J. Leaper. (2010) Risk Factors for and Epidemiology of Surgical Site Infections. Surgical Infections 11:3, 283-287
    CrossRef

65. 65

    Ilker Uçkay, Stephan Harbarth, Robin Peter, Daniel Lew, Pierre Hoffmeyer, Didier Pittet. (2010) Preventing surgical site infections. Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy 8:6, 657-670
    CrossRef

66. 66

    John B. Seal, Michael Morowitz, Olga Zaborina, Gary An, John C. Alverdy. (2010) The molecular Koch's postulates and surgical infection: A view forward. Surgery 147:6, 757-765
    CrossRef

67. 67

    Göran Hedenstierna, Lennart Edmark. (2010) Mechanisms of atelectasis in the perioperative period. Best Practice & Research Clinical Anaesthesiology 24:2, 157-169
    CrossRef

68. 68

    Daniel I. Sessler, Makoto Ozaki. (2010) Journal Symposium at the Japanese Society of Anesthesiologists Annual Meeting. Anesthesiology 112:6, 1313-1315
    CrossRef

69. 69

    Gerardo Tusman, Stephan H. Böhm. (2010) Prevention and reversal of lung collapse during the intra-operative period. Best Practice & Research Clinical Anaesthesiology 24:2, 183-197
    CrossRef

70. 70

    Daniel Chappell, Matthias Jacob. (2010) Influence of non-ventilatory options on postoperative outcome. Best Practice & Research Clinical Anaesthesiology 24:2, 267-281
    CrossRef

71. 71

    Jonathan Aning, David Neal, Ann Driver, John McGrath. (2010) ENHANCED RECOVERY: FROM PRINCIPLES TO PRACTICE IN UROLOGY. BJU International 105:9, 1199-1201
    CrossRef

72. 72

    Kyung Tai Lee, Young Koo Lee, Ki Won Young, Hak Jun Kim, Shin Yi Park, Jin Su Kim, Ki Chun Kim. (2010) Perioperative complications of the MOBILITY total ankle system: comparison with the HINTEGRA total ankle system. Journal of Orthopaedic Science 15:3, 317-322
    CrossRef

73. 73

    Judette M. Louis, Dennis Auckley, Robert J. Sokol, Brian M. Mercer. (2010) Maternal and neonatal morbidities associated with obstructive sleep apnea complicating pregnancy. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 202:3, 261.e1-261.e5
    CrossRef

74. 74

    Peter Nissen, Patrice Brassard, Thomas B. Jørgensen, Niels H. Secher. (2010) Phenylephrine but not Ephedrine Reduces Frontal Lobe Oxygenation Following Anesthesia-Induced Hypotension. Neurocritical Care 12:1, 17-23
    CrossRef

75. 75

    M. Basora, A. Pereira, A. Soriano, J. C. Martínez-Pastor, G. Sánchez-Etayo, M. Tió, F. Salazar. (2010) Allogeneic blood transfusion does not increase the risk of wound infection in total knee arthroplasty. Vox Sanguinis 98:2, 124-129
    CrossRef

76. 76

    K. Shimizu, M. Hirose, S. Mikami, K. Takamura, T. Goi, A. Yamaguchi, K. Morioka, T. Ichikawa, K. Shigemi. (2010) Effect of anaesthesia maintained with sevoflurane and propofol on surgical site infection after elective open gastrointestinal surgery. Journal of Hospital Infection 74:2, 129-136
    CrossRef

77. 77

    S. Gupta, H. Castel, R. V. Rao, M. Picard, L. Lilly, M. E. Faughnan, G. Pomier-Layrargues. (2010) Improved Survival After Liver Transplantation in Patients with Hepatopulmonary Syndrome. American Journal of Transplantation 10:2, 354-363
    CrossRef

78. 78

    Darouiche, Rabih O., Wall, Matthew J. Jr., Itani, Kamal M.F., Otterson, Mary F., Webb, Alexandra L., Carrick, Matthew M., Miller, Harold J., Awad, Samir S., Crosby, Cynthia T., Mosier, Michael C., AlSharif, Atef, Berger, David H., . (2010) Chlorhexidine–Alcohol versus Povidone–Iodine for Surgical-Site Antisepsis. New England Journal of Medicine 362:1, 18-26
    Full Text

79. 79

    T. N. Weingarten, F. X. Whalen, D. O. Warner, O. Gajic, G. J. Schears, M. R. Snyder, D. R. Schroeder, J. Sprung. (2010) Comparison of two ventilatory strategies in elderly patients undergoing major abdominal surgery. British Journal of Anaesthesia 104:1, 16-22
    CrossRef

80. 80

    M. Leone, F. Michel, C. Martin. (2010) Profilassi antibiotica in chirurgia. Principi generali e prescrizione dell???antibioticoprofilassi. EMC - Anestesia-Rianimazione 15:4, 1-7
    CrossRef

81. 81

    Gregory A Hans, Thierry M Sottiaux, Jean L Joris. (2010) What is the outcome of intraoperative management? Reply. European Journal of Anaesthesiology 27:1, 85-86
    CrossRef

82. 82

    Jun Suh Lee, Han Hong Lee, Kyo Young Song, Cho Hyun Park, Hae Myung Jeon. (2010) The Feasibility of Short Term Prophylactic Antibiotics in Gastric Cancer Surgery. Journal of Gastric Cancer 10:4, 206
    CrossRef

83. 83

    Pascal H. E. Teeuwen, R. P. Bleichrodt, C. Strik, J. J. M. Groenewoud, W. Brinkert, C. J. H. M. Laarhoven, H. Goor, A. J. A. Bremers. (2010) Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) Versus Conventional Postoperative Care in Colorectal Surgery. Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 14:1, 88-95
    CrossRef

84. 84

    Ashwin Kumaria, Christos M. Tolias. (2009) Normobaric hyperoxia therapy for traumatic brain injury and stroke: a review. British Journal of Neurosurgery 23:6, 576-584
    CrossRef

85. 85

    Lichao Hou, Keliang Xie, Nan Li, Mingzhe Qin, Yan Lu, Shirong Ma, Genlin Ji, Lize Xiong. (2009) 100% OXYGEN INHALATION PROTECTS AGAINST ZYMOSAN-INDUCED STERILE SEPSIS IN MICE. Shock 32:4, 451-461
    CrossRef

86. 86

    Peter Nissen, Heidi Pacino, Hans J. Frederiksen, Srdan Novovic, Niels H. Secher. (2009) Near-Infrared Spectroscopy for Evaluation of Cerebral Autoregulation During Orthotopic Liver Transplantation. Neurocritical Care 11:2, 235-241
    CrossRef

87. 87

    Daniel I. Sessler. (2009) Long-term Consequences of Anesthetic Management. Anesthesiology 111:1, 1-4
    CrossRef

88. 88

    Motaz Qadan, Sarah A. Gardner, David S. Vitale, David Lominadze, Irving G. Joshua, Hiram C. Polk. (2009) Hypothermia and Surgery. Annals of Surgery 250:1, 134-140
    CrossRef

89. 89

    O. A. Mynbaev, R. Corona. (2009) Possible mechanisms of peritoneal tissue-oxygen tension changes during CO2-pneumoperitoneum: the role of design, methodology and animal models: Editorial commentary on the articles 'Peritoneal tissue-oxygen tension during a carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum in a mouse laparoscopic model with controlled respiratory support' by Bourdel et al. (2007) and 'Effects of supplemental perioperative oxygen on post-operative abdominal wound adhesions in a mouse laparotomy model with controlled respiratory support' by Matsuzaki et al. (2007). Human Reproduction 24:6, 1242-1246
    CrossRef

90. 90

    Ahmed Al-Niaimi, Nasia Safdar. (2009) Supplemental perioperative oxygen for reducing surgical site infection: a meta-analysis. Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice 15:2, 360-365
    CrossRef

91. 91

    John P. Kirby, John E. Mazuski. (2009) Prevention of Surgical Site Infection. Surgical Clinics of North America 89:2, 365-389
    CrossRef

92. 92

    Shaman Jhanji, Clement Lee, David Watson, Charles Hinds, Rupert M. Pearse. (2009) Microvascular flow and tissue oxygenation after major abdominal surgery: association with post-operative complications. Intensive Care Medicine 35:4, 671-677
    CrossRef

93. 93

    Oliver Kimberger, Michael Arnberger, Sebastian Brandt, Jan Plock, Gisli H. Sigurdsson, Andrea Kurz, Luzius Hiltebrand. (2009) Goal-directed Colloid Administration Improves the Microcirculation of Healthy and Perianastomotic Colon. Anesthesiology 110:3, 496-504
    CrossRef

94. 94

    Deverick J. Anderson, Keith S. Kaye. (2009) Staphylococcal Surgical Site Infections. Infectious Disease Clinics of North America 23:1, 53-72
    CrossRef

95. 95

    Peter Nissen, Johannes J. Van Lieshout, Srdan Novovic, Morten Bundgaard-Nielsen, Niels H. Secher. (2009) Techniques of cardiac output measurement during liver transplantation: Arterial pulse wave versus thermodilution. Liver Transplantation 15:3, 287-291
    CrossRef

96. 96

    Lisa L. Maragakis, Sara E. Cosgrove, Elizabeth A. Martinez, Margaret G. Tucker, David B. Cohen, Trish M. Perl. (2009) Intraoperative Fraction of Inspired Oxygen Is a Modifiable Risk Factor for Surgical Site Infection after Spinal Surgery. Anesthesiology 110:3, 556-562
    CrossRef

97. 97

    Yarrow J. McConnell, Paul M. Johnson, Geoff A. Porter. (2009) Surgical Site Infections Following Colorectal Surgery in Patients with Diabetes: Association with Postoperative Hyperglycemia. Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 13:3, 508-515
    CrossRef

98. 98

    Gregory A Hans, Thierry M Sottiaux, Maurice L Lamy, Jean L Joris. (2009) Ventilatory management during routine general anaesthesia. European Journal of Anaesthesiology 26:1, 1-8
    CrossRef

99. 99

    Rebecca E. Fraioli, Jonas T. Johnson. 2009. Postoperative Infection. , 47-54.
    CrossRef

100. 100

     Leon J. Worth, Ann L. Bull, Sue M. Thorpe, Michael J. Richards. (2009) Meeting national recommendations for surgical site infection surveillance: examples and lessons from the Victorian Healthcare-associated Infection Surveillance System. Healthcare Infection 14:3, 119
     CrossRef

101. 101

     Bradley A. Schiff. 2009. Wound Healing. , 39-45.
     CrossRef

102. 102

     Rosa Levandovski, Maria Beatriz Cardoso Ferreira, Maria Paz Loayza Hidalgo, Cássio Alves Konrath, Daniel Lemons da Silva, Wolnei Caumo. (2008) Impact of preoperative anxiolytic on surgical site infection in patients undergoing abdominal hysterectomy. American Journal of Infection Control 36:10, 718-726
     CrossRef

103. 103

     Luke Reynolds, James Beckmann, Andrea Kurz. (2008) Perioperative complications of hypothermia. Best Practice & Research Clinical Anaesthesiology 22:4, 645-657
     CrossRef

104. 104

     David Lindström, Omid Sadr Azodi, Andreas Wladis, Hanne Tønnesen, Stefan Linder, Hans Nåsell, Sari Ponzer, Johanna Adami. (2008) Effects of a Perioperative Smoking Cessation Intervention on Postoperative Complications. Annals of Surgery 248:5, 739-745
     CrossRef

105. 105

     Alexander Stojadinovic, Jay W. Carlson, Gregory S. Schultz, Thomas A. Davis, Eric A. Elster. (2008) Topical advances in wound care. Gynecologic Oncology 111:2, S70-S80
     CrossRef

106. 106

     Jay W. Carlson, Alexander Stojadinovic, William Ennis, Robert Diegelmann, Christopher Attinger. (2008) Multidisciplinary panel discussion of a gynecologic oncology patient: Preventing wound complications. Gynecologic Oncology 111:2, S98-S100
     CrossRef

107. 107

     P.M. Dohmen. (2008) Antibiotic resistance in common pathogens reinforces the need to minimise surgical site infections. Journal of Hospital Infection 70, 15-20
     CrossRef

108. 108

     Kamran Zargar-Shoshtari, Andrew B. Connolly, Lincoln H. Israel, Andrew G. Hill. (2008) Fast-Track Surgery May Reduce Complications Following Major Colonic Surgery. Diseases of the Colon & Rectum 51:11, 1633-1640
     CrossRef

109. 109

     Deverick J. Anderson, Keith S. Kaye, David Classen, Kathleen M. Arias, Kelly Podgorny, Helen Burstin, David P. Calfee, Susan E. Coffin, Erik R. Dubberke, Victoria Fraser, Dale N. Gerding, Frances A. Griffin, Peter Gross, Michael Klompas, Evelyn Lo, Jonas Marschall, Leonard A. Mermel, Lindsay Nicolle, David A. Pegues, Trish M. Perl, Sanjay Saint, Cassandra D. Salgado, Robert A. Weinstein, Robert Wise, Deborah S. Yokoe. (2008) Strategies to Prevent Surgical Site Infections in Acute Care Hospitals • . Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology 29:S1, S51-S61
     CrossRef

110. 110

     Daniel Chappell, Matthias Jacob, Klaus Hofmann-Kiefer, Peter Conzen, Markus Rehm. (2008) A Rational Approach to Perioperative Fluid Management. Anesthesiology 109:4, 723-740
     CrossRef

111. 111

     Harriet W. Hopf, James Holm. (2008) Hyperoxia and infection. Best Practice & Research Clinical Anaesthesiology 22:3, 553-569
     CrossRef

112. 112

     (2008) 21st ESICM Annual Congress. Intensive Care Medicine 34:S1, 5-92
     CrossRef

113. 113

     Dennis F. Bandyk. (2008) Vascular Surgical Site Infection: Risk Factors and Preventive Measures. Seminars in Vascular Surgery 21:3, 119-123
     CrossRef

114. 114

     Carolyn Gardella, Lynne Bartholomew Goltra, Ellen Laschansky, Linda Drolette, Amalia Magaret, H S. Chadwick, David Eschenbach. (2008) High-Concentration Supplemental Perioperative Oxygen to Reduce the Incidence of Postcesarean Surgical Site Infection. Obstetrics & Gynecology 112:3, 545-552
     CrossRef

115. 115

     Gayle M Gordillo, Sashwati Roy, Savita Khanna, Richard Schlanger, Sorabh Khandelwal, Gary Phillips, Chandan K Sen. (2008) TOPICAL OXYGEN THERAPY INDUCES VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR EXPRESSION AND IMPROVES CLOSURE OF CLINICALLY PRESENTED CHRONIC WOUNDS. Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology 35:8, 957-964
     CrossRef

116. 116

     Karin L. Patel. (2008) Impact of Tight Glucose Control on Postoperative Infection Rates and Wound Healing in Cardiac Surgery Patients. Journal of Wound, Ostomy and Continence Nursing 35:4, 397-404
     CrossRef

117. 117

     Erica L Schmitt, Victor C Baum. (2008) Nitrous oxide in pediatric anesthesia: friend or foe?. Current Opinion in Anaesthesiology 21:3, 356-359
     CrossRef

118. 118

     Hilary P. Grocott. (2008) Oxygen Toxicity During One-Lung Ventilation: Is It Time to Re-Evaluate Our Practice?. Anesthesiology Clinics 26:2, 273-280
     CrossRef

119. 119

     Kyle J. Weld, Claudio Montiglio, Greg Lacy, Anneke C. Bush, R. Duane Cespedes. (2008) The Effects of Ureteral Mobilization and Transection on Ureteral Oxygenation. Urology 71:6, 1035-1038
     CrossRef

120. 120

     Mohamed H. Bakri, Hassan Nagem, Daniel I. Sessler, Ramatia Mahboobi, Jarrod Dalton, Ozan Akça, Eric E. Roselli, Steven R. Insler. (2008) Transdermal Oxygen Does Not Improve Sternal Wound Oxygenation in Patients Recovering from Cardiac Surgery. Anesthesia & Analgesia 106:6, 1619-1626
     CrossRef

121. 121

     Jennifer A. Thackham, D.L. Sean McElwain, Robert J. Long. (2008) The use of hyperbaric oxygen therapy to treat chronic wounds: A review. Wound Repair and Regeneration 16:3, 321-330
     CrossRef

122. 122

     (2008) Elektive Kolonresektionen in Deutschland. Der Anaesthesist 57:5, 516-517
     CrossRef

123. 123

     M. Kisilevsky, C. Hudson, A. Mardimae, T. Wong, J. Fisher. (2008) Concentration-dependent vasoconstrictive effect of hyperoxia on hypercarbia-dilated retinal arterioles. Microvascular Research 75:2, 263-268
     CrossRef

124. 124

     Andrea Kurz. (2008) Thermal care in the perioperative period. Best Practice & Research Clinical Anaesthesiology 22:1, 39-62
     CrossRef

125. 125

     Navdeep Ojha, Sashwati Roy, Guanglong He, Sabyasachi Biswas, Murugesan Velayutham, Savita Khanna, Periannan Kuppusamy, Jay L. Zweier, Chandan K. Sen. (2008) Assessment of wound-site redox environment and the significance of Rac2 in cutaneous healing. Free Radical Biology and Medicine 44:4, 682-691
     CrossRef

126. 126

     Eberhard Barth, Gabriele Bassi, Dirk M. Maybauer, Florian Simon, Michael Gröger, Sükrü Öter, Günter Speit, Cuong D. Nguyen, Cornelia Hasel, Peter Möller, Ulrich Wachter, Josef A. Vogt, Martin Matejovic, Peter Radermacher, Enrico Calzia. (2008) Effects of ventilation with 100% oxygen during early hyperdynamic porcine fecal peritonitis*. Critical Care Medicine 36:2, 495-503
     CrossRef

127. 127

     Daniela F. Veiga, Carlos A. V. Damasceno, Joel Veiga Filho, Rivalino V. Silva, Daniel L. Cordeiro, Antonio M. Vieira, Carlos H. V. Andrade, Lydia M. Ferreira. (2008) Influence of Povidone-Iodine Preoperative Showers on Skin Colonization in Elective Plastic Surgery Procedures. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 121:1, 115-118
     CrossRef

128. 128

     Giuseppe Colantuono, Edy Altea Tiravanti, Nicola Di Venosa, Antonia Cazzato, Raffaella Rastaldo, Raffaele Cagiano, Donato D’Agostino, Antonio Federici, Tommaso Fiore. (2008) HYPEROXIA CONFERS MYOCARDIAL PROTECTION IN MECHANICALLY VENTILATED RATS THROUGH THE GENERATION OF FREE RADICALS AND OPENING OF MITOCHONDRIAL ATP-SENSITIVE POTASSIUM CHANNELS. Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology 35:1, 64-71
     CrossRef

129. 129

     ROBERT E. MEASLEY. 2008. Antimicrobial Prophylaxis: Prevention of Postoperative Infections. , 35-50.
     CrossRef

130. 130

     Kamran Zargar-Shoshtari, Andrew G. Hill. (2008) OPTIMIZATION OF PERIOPERATIVE CARE FOR COLONIC SURGERY: A REVIEW OF THE EVIDENCE. ANZ Journal of Surgery 78:1-2, 13-23
     CrossRef

131. 131

     Hans Ulrich Rothen. 2008. Mechanical Ventilation During General Anesthesia. , 320-336.
     CrossRef

132. 132

     Harriet W. Hopf, Matthew Kelly, Dag Shapshak. 2008. Oxygen and the Basic Mechanisms of Wound Healing. , 203-228.
     CrossRef

133. 133

     George E. Karras. 2008. Oxygen Therapy in Acutely Ill Patients. , 418-427.
     CrossRef

134. 134

     Luzius B. Hiltebrand, Heiko A. Kaiser, Dagmar J. Niedhart, Gunther Pestel, Andrea Kurz. (2008) Subcutaneous Oxygen Pressure in Spontaneously Breathing Lean and Obese Volunteers: a Pilot Study. Obesity Surgery 18:1, 77-83
     CrossRef

135. 135

     Ivy F. Forkner, Claude A. Piantadosi, Hal C. Charles, Nicola Scafetta, Richard E. Moon. (2008) Hyperoxia-induced Decrease in Organ Blood Flow. Anesthesiology 108:1, 169-170
     CrossRef

136. 136

     B. Kabon, A. Kugener, T. Gruenberger, M. Niedermayr, E. Fleischmann, M. Freissmuth, A. Kurz. (2007) Effects of continuous remifentanil administration on intra-operative subcutaneous tissue oxygen tension. Anaesthesia 62:11, 1101-1109
     CrossRef

137. 137

     I. Karu, R. Loit, K. Zilmer, C. Kairane, A. Paapstel, M. Zilmer, J. Starkopf. (2007) Pre-treatment with hyperoxia before coronary artery bypass grafting - effects on myocardial injury and inflammatory response. Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica 51:10, 1305-1313
     CrossRef

138. 138

     L. B. Hiltebrand, G. Pestel, H. Hager, J. Ratnaraj, G. H. Sigurdsson, A. Kurz. (2007) Perioperative fluid management: comparison of high, medium and low fluid volume on tissue oxygen pressure in the small bowel and colon. European Journal of Anaesthesiology 24:11, 927-933
     CrossRef

139. 139

     P. J. Finan, S. Campbell, R. Verma, J. MacFie, M. Gatt, M. C. Parker, R. Bhardwaj, N. R. Hall. (2007) The Management of Malignant Large Bowel Obstruction: ACPGBI Position Statement. Colorectal Disease 9:s4, 1-17
     CrossRef

140. 140

     Haitham Al-Khayat, Hisham Al-Khayat, Adnan Sadeq, Ala Groof, Hani H. Haider, Hussein Hayati, Abdulla Shamsah, Zaki Anas Zarka, Hani Al-Hajj, Abdulhameed Al-Momen. (2007) Risk Factors for Wound Complication in Pilonidal Sinus Procedures. Journal of the American College of Surgeons 205:3, 439-444
     CrossRef

141. 141

     A.P. Pietsch, N. Lindenblatt, E. Klar. (2007) Perioperative Hypothermie. Der Anaesthesist 56:9, 936-939
     CrossRef

142. 142

     Oliver Kimberger, Edith Fleischmann, Sebastian Brandt, Andr?? Kugener, Barbara Kabon, Luzius Hiltebrand, Vladimir Krejci, Andrea Kurz. (2007) Supplemental Oxygen, but Not Supplemental Crystalloid Fluid, Increases Tissue Oxygen Tension in Healthy and Anastomotic Colon in Pigs. Anesthesia & Analgesia 105:3, 773-779
     CrossRef

143. 143

     David Leaper. (2007) Perfusion, oxygenation and warming. International Wound Journal 4:s3, 4-8
     CrossRef

144. 144

     Traci L. Hedrick, James A. Heckman, Robert L. Smith, Robert G. Sawyer, Charles M. Friel, Eugene F. Foley. (2007) Efficacy of Protocol Implementation on Incidence of Wound Infection in Colorectal Operations. Journal of the American College of Surgeons 205:3, 432-438
     CrossRef

145. 145

     Harriet W. Hopf. (2007) Is It Time to Retire High-concentration Nitrous Oxide?. Anesthesiology 107:2, 200-201
     CrossRef

146. 146

     Traci L. Hedrick, Florence E. Turrentine, Robert L. Smith, Shannon T. McElearney, Heather L. Evans, Timothy L. Pruett, Robert G. Sawyer. (2007) Single-Institutional Experience with the Surgical Infection Prevention Project in Intra-Abdominal Surgery. Surgical Infections 8:4, 425-436
     CrossRef

147. 147

     Justin C. Chura, Anders Boyd, Peter A. Argenta. (2007) Surgical Site Infections and Supplemental Perioperative Oxygen in Colorectal Surgery Patients: A Systematic Review. Surgical Infections 8:4, 455-462
     CrossRef

148. 148

     Paul S. Myles, Kate Leslie, Matthew T. V. Chan, Andrew Forbes, Michael J. Paech, Philip Peyton, Brendan S. Silbert, Elaine Pascoe. (2007) Avoidance of Nitrous Oxide for Patients Undergoing Major Surgery. Anesthesiology 107:2, 221-231
     CrossRef

149. 149

     Deverick J. Anderson, Keith S. Kaye. (2007) Skin and Soft Tissue Infections in Older Adults. Clinics in Geriatric Medicine 23:3, 595-613
     CrossRef

150. 150

     Harriet W. Hopf, Mark D. Rollins. (2007) Wounds: An Overview of the Role of Oxygen. Antioxidants & Redox Signaling 9:8, 1183-1192
     CrossRef

151. 151

     Lale Karabiyik, Hülya Türkan, Tahir Özışık, Mehmet Ali Saraçli, Tuncer Haznedaroǧlu. (2007) Effects of sevoflurane and/or nitrous oxide on bacterial growth in in vitro culture conditions. Journal of Anesthesia 21:3, 436-438
     CrossRef

152. 152

     Phillip J. Puckridge, Hafees A. Saleem, Thodur M. Vasudevan, Christopher M. Holdaway, David W. Ferrar. (2007) PERIOPERATIVE HIGH-DOSE OXYGEN THERAPY IN VASCULAR SURGERY. ANZ Journal of Surgery 77:6, 433-436
     CrossRef

153. 153

     John P. Harris. (2007) SUPPLEMENTARY OXYGEN AND WOUND HEALING IN VASCULAR SURGERY: TOO SIMPLE TO BE TRUE?. ANZ Journal of Surgery 77:6, 407-407
     CrossRef

154. 154

     Augusto Sola, Marta R Rogido, Richard Deulofeut. (2007) Oxygen as a neonatal health hazard: call for détente in clinical practice. Acta Paediatrica 96:6, 801-812
     CrossRef

155. 155

     David O. Warner. (2007) Tobacco control for anesthesiologists. Journal of Anesthesia 21:2, 200-211
     CrossRef

156. 156

     Gonzalo Tornero-Campello. (2007) Physiology to Improve Surgical Wound Outcomes. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 119:6, 1957
     CrossRef

157. 157

     Harriet W. Hopf, Cristiane Ueno, Thomas K. Hunt. (2007) Physiology to Improve Surgical Wound Outcomes. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 119:6, 1957-1958
     CrossRef

158. 158

     Shervanthi Homer-Vanniasinkam. (2007) Surgical site and vascular infections: treatment and prophylaxis. International Journal of Infectious Diseases 11, S17-S22
     CrossRef

159. 159

     J. García de la Asunción, F. J. Belda, R. Greif, G. Barber, J. Viña, J. Sastre. (2007) Inspired supplemental oxygen reduces markers of oxidative stress during elective colon surgery. British Journal of Surgery 94:4, 475-477
     CrossRef

160. 160

     &NA;. (2007) Hypoxemic Fetoplacental Vasoconstriction. Survey of Anesthesiology 51:2, 93-94
     CrossRef

161. 161

     P. F. Wong, S. Kumar, A. Bohra, D. Whetter, D. J. Leaper. (2007) Randomized clinical trial of perioperative systemic warming in major elective abdominal surgery. British Journal of Surgery 94:4, 421-426
     CrossRef

162. 162

     E. Fleischmann, A. Kugener, B. Kabon, O. Kimberger, F. Herbst, A. Kurz. (2007) Laparoscopic surgery impairs tissue oxygen tension more than open surgery. British Journal of Surgery 94:3, 362-368
     CrossRef

163. 163

     Gonzalo Tornero-Campello. (2007) Hyperoxia to Reduce Surgical Site Infection?. Anesthesiology 106:3, 632
     CrossRef

164. 164

     Deidre D. Wipke-Tevis, Donna A. Williams. (2007) Effect of oral hydration on skin microcirculation in healthy young and midlife and older adults. Wound Repair and Regeneration 15:2, 174-185
     CrossRef

165. 165

     (2007) Prävention postoperativer Infektionen im Operationsgebiet. Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschutz 50:3, 377-393
     CrossRef

166. 166

     William J. Mauermann, Edward C. Nemergut. (2007) Hyperoxia to Reduce Surgical Site Infection?. Anesthesiology 106:3, 632-633
     CrossRef

167. 167

     MARIO HENSEL, S. STRACKE, M. KRIMPHOVE, A. BLOCH, CHRISTIAN VON HEYMANN, CLAUDIA SPIES. (2007) Anesthesia and intraoperative support of homeostasis in fast-track rehabilitation for elective colonic surgery. Transfusion Alternatives in Transfusion Medicine 9:1, 50-60
     CrossRef

168. 168

     William A Altemeier, Scott E Sinclair. (2007) Hyperoxia in the intensive care unit: why more is not always better. Current Opinion in Critical Care 13:1, 73-78
     CrossRef

169. 169

     Jeanine P. Wiener-Kronish. (2007) Infection Control for the Anesthesiologist. ASA Refresher Courses in Anesthesiology 35:1, 219-225
     CrossRef

170. 170

     Ubbo F. Wiersema. 2007. Noninvasive Respiratory Support. , 410-418.
     CrossRef

171. 171

     Z. Abramovic, M. Sentjurc, J. Kristl, N. Khan, H. Hou, H.M. Swartz. (2007) Influence of Different Anesthetics on Skin Oxygenation Studied by Electron Paramagnetic Resonance in vivo. Skin Pharmacology and Physiology 20:2, 77-84
     CrossRef

172. 172

     Sean Pierre Pickering, Daniel C.R. Chen. 2007. Infectious Disease Issues in Medical Consultation. , 346-380.
     CrossRef

173. 173

     Palmer Q. Bessey. 2007. Wound care. , 127-135.
     CrossRef

174. 174

     Carmelle Cooper, Edward Tredget, Corilee Watters. 2006. Nutrition and Wound Healing in Burns, Trauma, and Sepsis. , 219-260.
     CrossRef

175. 175

     Barbara Kabon, Daniel I. Sessler. (2006) Supplemental Intravenous Crystalloid Administration and Risk of Surgical Wound Infection. Anesthesia & Analgesia 103:4, 1040-1041
     CrossRef

176. 176

     Daniel A. Anaya, E. Patchen Dellinger. (2006) The Obese Surgical Patient: A Susceptible Host for Infection. Surgical Infections 7:5, 473-480
     CrossRef

177. 177

     Aristomenis K. Exadaktylos, Donal J. Buggy, Denis C. Moriarty, Edward Mascha, Daniel I. Sessler. (2006) Can Anesthetic Technique for Primary Breast Cancer Surgery Affect Recurrence or Metastasis?. Anesthesiology 105:4, 660-664
     CrossRef

178. 178

     James T. Lee. (2006) Surgical Site Infection Surveillance: Accomplishments and Pitfalls. Surgical Infections 7:supplement 3, s-43-s-55
     CrossRef

179. 179

     E. Patchen Dellinger. (2006) Roles of Temperature and Oxygenation in Prevention of Surgical Site Infection. Surgical Infections 7:supplement 3, s-27-s-32
     CrossRef

180. 180

     Helmut Hager, Dayakar Reddy, Goutham Mandadi, Debra Pulley, J Chris Eagon, Daniel I. Sessler, Andrea Kurz. (2006) Hypercapnia Improves Tissue Oxygenation in Morbidly Obese Surgical Patients. Anesthesia & Analgesia 103:3, 677-681
     CrossRef

181. 181

     Charles A. Lascano, Orit Kaidar-Person, Samuel Szomstein, Raul Rosenthal, Steven D. Wexner. (2006) Challenges of laparoscopic colectomy in the obese patient: a review. The American Journal of Surgery 192:3, 357-365
     CrossRef

182. 182

     J. Boldt. (2006) Fluid management of patients undergoing abdominal surgery – more questions than answers*. European Journal of Anaesthesiology 23:8, 631-640
     CrossRef

183. 183

     William J. Mauermann, Edward C. Nemergut. (2006) The Anesthesiologist??s Role in the Prevention of Surgical Site Infections. Anesthesiology 105:2, 413-421
     CrossRef

184. 184

     G. Tornero-Campello. (2006) Letter: Randomized clinical trial of multimodal optimization of surgical care in patients undergoing major colonic resection (Br J Surg 2005; 92: 1354-1362). British Journal of Surgery 93:7, 891-891
     CrossRef

185. 185

     J. Meier. (2006) Sauerstoff. Der Anaesthesist 55:7, 803-804
     CrossRef

186. 186

     S. A. García-Botello, E. García-Granero, R. Lillo, F. López-Mozos, M. Millán, S. Lledó. (2006) Randomized clinical trial to evaluate the effects of perioperative supplemental oxygen administration on the colorectal anastomosis. British Journal of Surgery 93:6, 698-706
     CrossRef

187. 187

     (2006) CME Evaluation. Surgical Infections 7:Supplement 1, s-43-s-43
     CrossRef

188. 188

     P. Kujath, R. Bouchard, J. Scheele, H. Esnaashari. (2006) Neues in der perioperativen antibiotischen Prophylaxe. Der Chirurg 77:6, 490-498
     CrossRef

189. 189

     Christiane Ueno, Thomas K. Hunt, Harriet W. Hopf. (2006) Using Physiology to Improve Surgical Wound Outcomes. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 117:SUPPLEMENT, 59S-71S
     CrossRef

190. 190

     Lars T. Sørensen, Lars N. Jorgensen, Rikke Zillmer, Jakob Vange, Ulla Hemmingsen, Finn Gottrup. (2006) Transdermal nicotine patch enhances type I collagen synthesis in abstinent smokers. Wound Repair and Regeneration 14:3, 247-251
     CrossRef

191. 191

     Edith Fleischmann, Friedrich Herbst, Andr?? Kugener, Barbara Kabon, Monika Niedermayr, Daniel I. Sessler, Andrea Kurz. (2006) Mild Hypercapnia Increases Subcutaneous and Colonic Oxygen Tension in Patients Given 80% Inspired Oxygen during Abdominal Surgery. Anesthesiology 104:5, 944-949
     CrossRef

192. 192

     David Goldhill, Carl Waldmann. (2006) Excellent anaesthesia needs patient preparation and postoperative support to influence outcome. Current Opinion in Anaesthesiology 19:2, 192-197
     CrossRef

193. 193

     Miguel Caínzos. (2006) Infección del sitio quirúrgico en cirugía general. Cirugía Española 79:4, 199-201
     CrossRef

194. 194

     Traci L Hedrick, Melissa M Anastacio, Robert G Sawyer. (2006) Prevention of surgical site infections. Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy 4:2, 223-233
     CrossRef

195. 195

     Avery B. Nathens, Charles H. Cook, George Machiedo, Ernest E. Moore, Nicholas Namias, Fiemu Nwariaku. (2006) Defining the Research Agenda for Surgical Infection: A Consensus of Experts Using the Delphi Approach. Surgical Infections 7:2, 101-110
     CrossRef

196. 196

     Barbara Kabon, Andrea Kurz. (2006) Optimal perioperative oxygen administration. Current Opinion in Anaesthesiology 19:1, 11-18
     CrossRef

197. 197

     Mert ??ent??rk. (2006) New concepts of the management of one-lung ventilation. Current Opinion in Anaesthesiology 19:1, 1-4
     CrossRef

198. 198

     David O. Warner. (2006) Perioperative Abstinence from Cigarettes. Anesthesiology 104:2, 356-367
     CrossRef

199. 199

     Ozan Ak??a. (2006) Optimizing the intraoperative management of carbon dioxide concentration. Current Opinion in Anaesthesiology 19:1, 19-25
     CrossRef

200. 200

     Michael S. Avidan. (2006) Perioperative Bugs, Prions, and Virions. ASA Refresher Courses in Anesthesiology 34:1, 21-29
     CrossRef

201. 201

     M. Hensel, W. Schwenk, A. Bloch, W. Raue, S. Stracke, T. Volk, C. v. Heymann, J. M. Müller, W. J. Kox, C. Spies. (2006) Die Aufgabe der Anästhesiologie bei der Umsetzung operativer „Fast track-Konzepte“. Der Anaesthesist 55:1, 80-92
     CrossRef

202. 202

     Philip S. Barie, Soumitra R. Eachempati. (2005) Surgical Site Infections. Surgical Clinics of North America 85:6, 1115-1135
     CrossRef

203. 203

     Richard B. Fries, William A. Wallace, Sashwati Roy, Periannan Kuppusamy, Valerie Bergdall, Gayle M. Gordillo, W. Scott Melvin, Chandan K. Sen. (2005) Dermal excisional wound healing in pigs following treatment with topically applied pure oxygen. Mutation Research/Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis 579:1-2, 172-181
     CrossRef

204. 204

     Barbara Kabon, Ozan Ak??a, Akiko Taguchi, Angelika Nagele, Ratnaraj Jebadurai, Cem F. Arkilic, Neeru Sharma, Arundhathi Ahluwalia, Susan Galandiuk, James Fleshman, Daniel I. Sessler, Andrea Kurz. (2005) Supplemental Intravenous Crystalloid Administration Does Not Reduce the Risk of Surgical Wound Infection. Anesthesia & Analgesia 101:5, 1546-1553
     CrossRef

205. 205

     M. Gatt, A. D. G. Anderson, B. S. Reddy, P. Hayward-Sampson, I. C. Tring, J. MacFie. (2005) Randomized clinical trial of multimodal optimization of surgical care in patients undergoing major colonic resection. British Journal of Surgery 92:11, 1354-1362
     CrossRef

206. 206

     Ronald L. Nichols, Robert E. Condon, Philip S. Barie. (2005) Antibiotic Prophylaxis in Surgery—2005 and Beyond. Surgical Infections 6:3, 349-361
     CrossRef

207. 207

     Edith Fleischmann, Rainer Lenhardt, Andrea Kurz, Friedrich Herbst, Béla Fülesdi, Robert Greif, Daniel I Sessler, Ozan Akça. (2005) Nitrous oxide and risk of surgical wound infection: a randomised trial. The Lancet 366:9491, 1101-1107
     CrossRef

208. 208

     Eugene S. Lee, W. Ed Smith, Hung T. Quach, Bryan D. Jones, Steven M. Santilli, Govind T. Vatassery. (2005) Moderate Hyperoxia (40%) Increases Antioxidant Levels in Mouse Tissue. Journal of Surgical Research 127:2, 80-84
     CrossRef

209. 209

     E. Patchen Dellinger, Susan M. Hausmann, Dale W. Bratzler, Rosa M. Johnson, Donna M. Daniel, Kathryn M. Bunt, Greg A. Baumgardner, Jonathan R. Sugarman. (2005) Hospitals collaborate to decrease surgical site infections. The American Journal of Surgery 190:1, 9-15
     CrossRef

210. 210

     Yüksel Yücel, Murat Barlan, Rainer Lenhardt, Andrea Kurz, Daniel I. Sessler. (2005) Perioperative hypothermia does not enhance the risk of cancer dissemination. The American Journal of Surgery 189:6, 651-655
     CrossRef

211. 211

     &NA;. (2005) Guide to Contributors. European Journal of Anaesthesiology 22:6, 485-488
     CrossRef

212. 212

     K. J. Anderson, J. M. Harten, M. G. Booth, J. Kinsella. (2005) The cardiovascular effects of inspired oxygen fraction in anaesthetized patients. European Journal of Anaesthesiology 22:6, 420-425
     CrossRef

213. 213

     Michioki Kuri, Masashi Nakagawa, Hideo Tanaka, Seiko Hasuo, Yoshihiko Kishi. (2005) Determination of the Duration of Preoperative Smoking Cessation to Improve Wound Healing after Head and Neck Surgery. Anesthesiology 102:5, 892-896
     CrossRef

214. 214

     J. J. Pandit, S. M. Yentis. (2005) All that glisters?How to assess the ?value? of a scientific paper. Anaesthesia 60:4, 373-383
     CrossRef

215. 215

     Donald E. Fry. (2005) The story of hyperbaric oxygen continues. The American Journal of Surgery 189:4, 467-468
     CrossRef

216. 216

     Dale W. Bratzler, Peter M. Houck. (2005) Antimicrobial prophylaxis for surgery: An advisory statement from the National Surgical Infection Prevention Project. The American Journal of Surgery 189:4, 395-404
     CrossRef

217. 217

     Michelle Duggan, Brian P. Kavanagh. (2005) Pulmonary Atelectasis. Anesthesiology 102:4, 838-854
     CrossRef

218. 218

     John J. Bullen, Henry J. Rogers, Paul B. Spalding, Charles G. Ward. (2005) Iron and infection: the heart of the matter. FEMS Immunology & Medical Microbiology 43:3, 325-330
     CrossRef

219. 219

     Donald E. Fry. (2005) The Truth Is in the Dialogue. Surgical Infections 6:1, 19-25
     CrossRef

220. 220

     Miguel Caínzos. (2005) Surgical Infection Control. Surgical Infections 6:1, 7-17
     CrossRef

221. 221

     Jean-Jacques Kona-Boun, Amer Silim, Eric Troncy. (2005) Immunologic aspects of veterinary anesthesia and analgesia. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 226:3, 355-363
     CrossRef

222. 222

     John C. Woodfield, Andre M. Rij, Ross A. Pettigrew, Antje Linden, Donna Bolt. (2005) Using Cost of Infection as a Tool to Demonstrate a Difference in Prophylactic Antibiotic Efficacy: A Prospective Randomized Comparison of the Pharmacoecomonic Effectiveness of Ceftriaxone and Cefotaxime Prophylaxis in Abdominal Surgery. World Journal of Surgery 29:1, 18-24
     CrossRef

223. 223

     K. S. Kaye, K. E. Schmader, R. Sawyer. (2004) Surgical Site Infection in the Elderly Population. Clinical Infectious Diseases 39:12, 1835-1841
     CrossRef

224. 224

     Jeffrey B. Gross. (2004) Surgical Site Infection and the Routine Use of Perioperative Hyperoxia in a General Surgical Population. Survey of Anesthesiology 48:6, 303-304
     CrossRef

225. 225

     Sally-Ann Nortcliffe, Donal J. Buggy. (2004) Implications of Anesthesia for Infection and Wound Healing. International Anesthesiology Clinics 41:1, 31-64
     CrossRef

226. 226

     Jan A Baum. (2004) The carrier gas in anaesthesia: nitrous oxide/oxygen, medical air/oxygen and pure oxygen. Current Opinion in Anaesthesiology 17:6, 513-516
     CrossRef

227. 227

     Ronald Lee Nichols. (2004) Current strategies for prevention of surgical site infections. Current Infectious Disease Reports 6:6, 426-434
     CrossRef

228. 228

     Lars Tue Sørensen, Henning Bay Nielsen, Arsalan Kharazmi, Finn Gottrup. (2004) Effect of smoking and abstention on oxidative burst and reactivity of neutrophils and monocytes. Surgery 136:5, 1047-1053
     CrossRef

229. 229

     Mikael Persson, Håkan Elmqvist, Jan van der Linden. (2004) Topical Humidified Carbon Dioxide to Keep the Open Surgical Wound Warm. Anesthesiology 101:4, 945-949
     CrossRef

230. 230

     Simone Eugster, Peter Schawalder, Frederic Gaschen, Patrick Boerlin. (2004) A Prospective Study of Postoperative Surgical Site Infections in Dogs and Cats. Veterinary Surgery 33:5, 542-550
     CrossRef

231. 231

     Dieter Fröhlich, Sigrid Wittmann, Gregor Rothe, Daniel I. Sessler, Peter Vogel, Kai Taeger. (2004) Mild Hyperthermia Down-Regulates Receptor-Dependent Neutrophil Function. Anesthesia & Analgesia 99:1, 284-292
     CrossRef

232. 232

     Jebadurai Ratnaraj, Barbara Kabon, Michael R. Talcott, Daniel I. Sessler, Andrea Kurz. (2004) Supplemental Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Each Increase Subcutaneous and Intestinal Intramural Oxygenation. Anesthesia & Analgesia 99:1, 207-211
     CrossRef

233. 233

     Stefan Suttner, Swen N. Piper, Bernhard Kumle, Katrin Lang, Kerstin D. Röhm, Frank Isgro, Joachim Boldt. (2004) The Influence of Allogeneic Red Blood Cell Transfusion Compared with 100% Oxygen Ventilation on Systemic Oxygen Transport and Skeletal Muscle Oxygen Tension After Cardiac Surgery: Retracted. Anesthesia & Analgesia 99:1, 2-11
     CrossRef

234. 234

     W. B. Dale, M. H. Peter, . (2004) Antimicrobial Prophylaxis for Surgery: An Advisory Statement from the National Surgical Infection Prevention Project. Clinical Infectious Diseases 38:12, 1706-1715
     CrossRef

235. 235

     Rebecca Fraioli, Jonas T. Johnson. (2004) Prevention and treatment of postsurgical head and neck infections. Current Infectious Disease Reports 6:3, 172-180
     CrossRef

236. 236

     AVIVA LEE-PARRITZ. (2004) Surgical Techniques for Cesarean Delivery: What Are the Best Practices?. Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology 47:2, 286-298
     CrossRef

237. 237

     C.L Swenne, C Lindholm, J Borowiec, M Carlsson. (2004) Surgical-site infections within 60 days of coronary artery by-pass graft surgery. Journal of Hospital Infection 57:1, 14-24
     CrossRef

238. 238

     S. Kjærgaard, S. E. Rees, J. Grønlund, E. M. Nielsen, P. Lambert, P. Thorgaard, E. Toft, S. Andreassen. (2004) Hypoxaemia after cardiac surgery: clinical application of a model of pulmonary gas exchange. European Journal of Anaesthesiology 21:4, 296-301
     CrossRef

239. 239

     N. Mao, S.J. Russell. (2004) Nonwoven Wound Dressings. Textile Progress 36:4, 1-57
     CrossRef

240. 240

     C. Cody, D. J. Buggy, B. Marsh, D. C. Moriarity. (2004) Subcutaneous tissue oxygen tension after coronary revascularisation with and without cardiopulmonary bypass. Anaesthesia 59:3, 237-242
     CrossRef

241. 241

     Barbara Kabon, Angelika Nagele, Dayakar Reddy, Chris Eagon, James W. Fleshman, Daniel I. Sessler, Andrea Kurz. (2004) Obesity Decreases Perioperative Tissue Oxygenation. Anesthesiology 100:2, 274-280
     CrossRef

242. 242

     Henrik Kehlet, Jørgen B Dahl. (2003) Anaesthesia, surgery, and challenges in postoperative recovery. The Lancet 362:9399, 1921-1928
     CrossRef

243. 243

     Barbara Kabon, Edith Fleischmann, Tanja Treschan, Akiko Taguchi, Stephan Kapral, Andrea Kurz. (2003) Thoracic Epidural Anesthesia Increases Tissue Oxygenation During Major Abdominal Surgery. Anesthesia & Analgesia 97:6, 1812-1817
     CrossRef

244. 244

     A. D. G. Anderson, C. E. McNaught, J. MacFie, I. Tring, P. Barker, C. J. Mitchell. (2003) Randomized clinical trial of multimodal optimization and standard perioperative surgical care. British Journal of Surgery 90:12, 1497-1504
     CrossRef

245. 245

     Edward C. Sun, Yi-Meng Yen, Tze Ip, Norman Y. Otsuka. (2003) Peripheral Circulation in Patients With Myelodysplasia. Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics 23:6, 714-717
     CrossRef

246. 246

     Mark A Wilson. (2003) Skin and soft-tissue infections: impact of resistant gram-positive bacteria. The American Journal of Surgery 186:5, 35-41
     CrossRef

247. 247

     Joanne D. Whitney. (2003) Supplemental perioperative oxygen and fluids to improve surgical wound outcomes: Translating evidence into practice. Wound Repair and Regeneration 11:6, 462-467
     CrossRef

248. 248

     Wolfgang Buhre, Rolf Rossaint. (2003) Perioperative management and monitoring in anaesthesia. The Lancet 362:9398, 1839-1846
     CrossRef

249. 249

     Edward C. Sun, Yi-Meng Yen, Tze Ip, Norman Y. Otsuka. (2003) Peripheral Circulation in Patients With Myelodysplasia. Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics714-717
     CrossRef

250. 250

     Harriet W. Hopf. (2003) Development of subcutaneous wound oxygen measurement in humans: Contributions of Thomas K. Hunt, MD. Wound Repair and Regeneration 11:6, 424-430
     CrossRef

251. 251

     L LIU, J WIENERKRONISH. (2003) Perioperative anesthesia issues in the elderly. Critical Care Clinics 19:4, 641-656
     CrossRef

252. 252

     Gayle M Gordillo, Chandan K Sen. (2003) Revisiting the essential role of oxygen in wound healing. The American Journal of Surgery 186:3, 259-263
     CrossRef

253. 253

     J. M. Harten, K. J. Anderson, W. J. Angerson, M. G. Booth, J. Kinsella. (2003) The effect of normobaric hyperoxia on cardiac index in healthy awake volunteers. Anaesthesia 58:9, 885-888
     CrossRef

254. 254

     Juan Carlos Jimenez, Samuel Eric Wilson. (2003) Prophylaxis of Infection for Elective Colorectal Surgery. Surgical Infections 4:3, 273-280
     CrossRef

255. 255

     Robert S Poston, Shahid Husain, Damian Sorce, Ellieen Stanford, Shimon Kusne, Margaret Wagener, Bartley P Griffith, Robert L Kormos. (2003) LVAD bloodstream infections: therapeutic rationale for transplantation after LVAD infection. The Journal of Heart and Lung Transplantation 22:8, 914-921
     CrossRef

256. 256

     Maria B. Witte, Adrian Barbul. (2003) Repair of full-thickness bowel injury. Critical Care Medicine 31:Supplement, S538-S546
     CrossRef

257. 257

     Harriet W. Hopf. (2003) Molecular diagnostics of injury and repair responses in critical illness: What is the future of “monitoring” in the intensive care unit?. Critical Care Medicine 31:Supplement, S518-S523
     CrossRef

258. 258

     Lars Tue Sorensen, Tonny Karlsmark, Finn Gottrup. (2003) Abstinence From Smoking Reduces Incisional Wound Infection. Annals of Surgery 238:1, 1-5
     CrossRef

259. 259

     O. Akca, E. Liem, M.-I. Suleman, A. G. Doufas, S. Galandiuk, D. I. Sessler. (2003) Effect of intra-operative end-tidal carbon dioxide partial pressure on tissue oxygenation. Anaesthesia 58:6, 536-542
     CrossRef

260. 260

     Tanja A. Treschan, Akiko Taguchi, Syed Z. Ali, Neeru Sharma, Barbara Kabon, Daniel I. Sessler, Andrea Kurz. (2003) The Effects of Epidural and General Anesthesia on Tissue Oxygenation. Anesthesia & Analgesia1553-1557
     CrossRef

261. 261

     Camille Taille, Jacqu??s Cadranel, Agnes Bellocq, Gabriel Thabut, Olivier Soubrane, Fran??ois Durand, Philippe Icha??, Christophe Duvoux, Jacques Belghiti, Yvon Calmus, Herv?? Mal. (2003) Liver transplantation for hepatopulmonary syndrome: A ten-year experience in Paris, France. Transplantation 75:9, 1482-1489
     CrossRef

262. 262

     Peter Rock, Preston B. Rich. (2003) Postoperative pulmonary complications. Current Opinion in Anaesthesiology 16:2, 123-131
     CrossRef

263. 263

     Thomas Standl, Marc-Alexander Burmeister, Frank Schroeder, Eike Currlin, Jan Schulte Esch, Marc Freitag, Jochen Schulte Esch. (2003) Hydroxyethyl Starch (HES) 130/0.4 Provides Larger and Faster Increases in Tissue Oxygen Tension in Comparison with Prehemodilution Values than HES 70/0.5 or HES 200/0.5 in Volunteers Undergoing Acute Normovolemic Hemodilution. Anesthesia & Analgesia936-943
     CrossRef

264. 264

     Harrison G Weed. (2003) Antimicrobial prophylaxis in the surgical patient. Medical Clinics of North America 87:1, 59-75
     CrossRef

265. 265

     Maryanne McGuckin, Robert Goldman, Laura Bolton, Richard Salcido. (2003) The Clinical Relevance of Microbiology in Acute and Chronic Wounds. Advances in Skin & Wound Care 16:1, 12-23
     CrossRef

266. 266

     L.T. Sørensen, J. Hørby, E. Friis, B. Pilsgaard, T. Jørgensen. (2002) Smoking as a risk factor for wound healing and infection in breast cancer surgery. European Journal of Surgical Oncology (EJSO) 28:8, 815-820
     CrossRef

267. 267

     Tae Chong, Robert Sawyer. (2002) Update on the epidemiology and prevention of surgical site infections. Current Infectious Disease Reports 4:6, 484-490
     CrossRef

268. 268

     Ansgar O. Aasen, Philip S. Barie, Eugen Faist, Henri R. Ford, Donald E. Fry, Toni Hau. (2002) Panel Discussion: Current Issues in the Prevention and Management of Surgical Site Infection—Part 1. Surgical Infections 3:s1, s1-s7
     CrossRef

269. 269

     Daniel I. Sessler, Ozan Akça. (2002) Nonpharmacological Prevention of Surgical Wound Infections. Clinical Infectious Diseases 35:11, 1397-1404
     CrossRef

270. 270

     Sten G.E. Lindahl, and Margareta Mure. (2002) Dosing Oxygen: A Tricky Matter or a Piece of Cake?. Anesthesia & Analgesia 95:6, 1472-1473
     CrossRef

271. 271

     M. M. Niskanen, E. T. Ruokonen. (2002) Association between intra-operative incidents and postoperative outcome and resource utilisation. Anaesthesia 57:11, 1052-1059
     CrossRef

272. 272

     Donal J. Buggy, Warren L. Doherty, Elaine M. Hart, Edward J. Pallett. (2002) Postoperative Wound Oxygen Tension with Epidural or Intravenous Analgesia. Anesthesiology 97:4, 952-958
     CrossRef

273. 273

     Alexander Kober, Thomas Scheck, Frank Lieba, Renate Barker, Wolfgang Vlach, Wolfgang Schramm, Klaus Hoerauf. (2002) The Influence of Active Warming on Signal Quality of Pulse Oximetry in Prehospital Trauma Care. Anesthesia & Analgesia 95:4, 961-966
     CrossRef

274. 274

     Ozan Akça, Anthony G. Doufas, Nobutada Morioka, Steve Iscoe, Joseph Fisher, Daniel I. Sessler. (2002) Hypercapnia Improves Tissue Oxygenation. Anesthesiology 97:4, 801-806
     CrossRef

275. 275

     P. Tahepold, P. Elfstrom, I. Eha, J. Kals, G. Taal, A. Talonpoika, G. Valen, J. Vaage, J. Starkopf. (2002) Exposure of rats to hyperoxia enhances relaxation of isolated aortic rings and reduces infarct size of isolated hearts. Acta Physiologica Scandinavica 175:4, 271-277
     CrossRef

276. 276

     C. Robert Valeri. (2002) Status Report on the Quality of Liquid and Frozen Red Blood Cells. Vox Sanguinis 83, 193-196
     CrossRef

277. 277

     R. W. Brown. (2002) Why is quality assurance so difficult? A review of issues in quality assurance over the last decade. Internal Medicine Journal 32:7, 331-337
     CrossRef

278. 278

     Henrik Kehlet, Douglas W Wilmore. (2002) Multimodal strategies to improve surgical outcome. The American Journal of Surgery 183:6, 630-641
     CrossRef

279. 279

     KARL TAMUSSINO. (2002) Postoperative Infection. Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology 45:2, 562-573
     CrossRef

280. 280

     Donald E. Fry. (2002) Patient-Controlled Analgesia Pumps and Surgical Site Infections. Surgical Infections 3:2, 107-108
     CrossRef

281. 281

     BARRY A. HARRISON, CHRISTOPHER M. BURKLE. (2002) Cardiorespiratory Emergencies Associated with Pelvic Surgery. Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology 45:2, 518-536
     CrossRef

282. 282

     M.R. Noone. (2002) Failure to heal should replace infection rate when monitoring surgical wounds. Journal of Hospital Infection 51:2, 154-155
     CrossRef

283. 283

     Stefan W. Suttner, Katrin Lang, Joachim Boldt, Bernhard Kumle, Wolfgang H. Maleck, Swen N. Piper. (2002) The Influence of Hyperoxic Ventilation during Sodium Nitroprusside-induced Hypotension on Skeletal Muscle Tissue Oxygen Tension: Retracted. Anesthesiology 96:5, 1103-1108
     CrossRef

284. 284

     Debra L. Malone, Thomas Genuit, J.Kathleen Tracy, Christopher Gannon, Lena M. Napolitano. (2002) Surgical Site Infections: Reanalysis of Risk Factors. Journal of Surgical Research 103:1, 89-95
     CrossRef

285. 285

     Michael Heinzelmann, Melanie Scott, Tina Lam. (2002) Factors predisposing to bacterial invasion and infection. The American Journal of Surgery 183:2, 179-190
     CrossRef

286. 286

     Marco A. Pelosi, Marco A. Pelosi, Michael Pelekanos. (2002) The YAMA UroPatch™ Sling for Treatment of Female Stress Urinary Incontinence: A Pilot Study. Journal of Laparoendoscopic & Advanced Surgical Techniques 12:1, 27-33
     CrossRef

287. 287

     Ann M Møller, Nete Villebro, Tom Pedersen, Hanne Tønnesen. (2002) Effect of preoperative smoking intervention on postoperative complications: a randomised clinical trial. The Lancet 359:9301, 114-117
     CrossRef

288. 288

     R ADAM. (2001) Infectious Diseases in Gynecologic OncologyAn Overview. Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics of North America 28:4, 847-868
     CrossRef

289. 289

     E. Patchen Dellinger. (2001) Preventing Surgical‐Site Infections: The Importance of Timing and Glucose Control • . Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology 22:10, 604-606
     CrossRef

290. 290

     Donald D. Mathes, Mark R. Conaway, William T. Ross. (2001) Ambulatory Surgery: Room Air Versus Nasal Cannula Oxygen During Transport After General Anesthesia. Anesthesia & Analgesia 93:4, 917-921
     CrossRef

291. 291

     C. William Hanson, Charles G. Durbin, Gerald A. Maccioli, Clifford S. Deutschman, Robert N. Sladen, Peter J. Pronovost, Luciano Gattinoni. (2001) The Anesthesiologist in Critical Care Medicine. Anesthesiology 95:3, 781-788
     CrossRef

292. 292

     Daniel I. Sessler. (2001) Complications and Treatment of Mild Hypothermia. Anesthesiology 95:2, 531-543
     CrossRef

293. 293

     J. Wetterslev, E. G. Hansen, O. Roikjaer, I. L. Kanstrup, L. Heslet. (2001) Optimizing peroperative compliance with PEEP during upper abdominal surgery: effects on perioperative oxygenation and complications in patients without preoperative cardiopulmonary dysfunction. European Journal of Anaesthesiology 18:6, 358-365
     CrossRef

294. 294

     A Flores-Maldonado. (2001) Mild Perioperative Hypothermia and the Risk of Wound Infection. Archives of Medical Research 32:3, 227-231
     CrossRef

295. 295

     Zoher Ghogawala, Frederick L. Mansfield, and Lawrence F. Borges. (2001) Spinal Radiation Before Surgical Decompression Adversely Affects Outcomes of Surgery for Symptomatic Metastatic Spinal Cord Compression. Spine 26:7, 818-824
     CrossRef

296. 296

     Jacqueline M. Leung, Linda L. Liu. (2001) Current Controversies in the Perioperative Management of Geriatric Patients. ASA Refresher Courses in Anesthesiology 29:1, 175-187
     CrossRef

297. 297

     Tania J. Phillips. (2000) Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy: A Therapy in Search of a Disease?. Dermatologic Surgery 26:12, 1167-1170
     CrossRef

298. 298

     Harold Laufman, Nathan L Belkin, Kenneth K Meyer. (2000) A critical review of a century’s progress in surgical apparel: how far have we come?11No competing interests declared.. Journal of the American College of Surgeons 191:5, 554-568
     CrossRef

299. 299

     Patricia M. Kopko, Paul V. Holland. (2000) Universal leukocyte reduction. Current Opinion in Hematology 7:6, 397-401
     CrossRef

300. 300

     Robert Greif, Daniel I. Sessler. (2000) Supplemental Oxygen for the Prevention of Nausea and Vomiting. Anesthesiology 93:2, 585
     CrossRef

301. 301

     Naoki Kotani, Hiroshi Hashimoto, Daniel I. Sessler, Masatoshi Muraoka, Eiji Hashiba, Takeshi Kubota, Akitomo Matsuki. (2000) Supplemental Intraoperative Oxygen Augments Antimicrobial and Proinflammatory Responses of Alveolar Macrophages. Anesthesiology 93:1, 15-25
     CrossRef

302. 302

     Jeffrey H. Silber, Sean K. Kennedy, Orit Even-Shoshan, Wei Chen, Laurie F. Koziol, Ann M. Showan, David E. Longnecker. (2000) Anesthesiologist Direction and Patient Outcomes. Anesthesiology 93:1, 152-163
     CrossRef

303. 303

     Donal Buggy. (2000) Can anaesthetic management influence surgical-wound healing?. The Lancet 356:9227, 355-357
     CrossRef

304. 304

     Paul R. Knight, Bruce A. Holm. (2000) The Three Components of Hyperoxia. Anesthesiology 93:1, 3-5
     CrossRef

305. 305

     (2000) Supplemental Perioperative Oxygen to Reduce Surgical-Wound Infections. New England Journal of Medicine 342:21, 1613-1614
     Full Text

306. 306

     Gottrup, Finn, . (2000) Prevention of Surgical-Wound Infections. New England Journal of Medicine 342:3, 202-204
     Full Text

Letters