Original Article
Sex-Based Differences in Early Mortality after Myocardial Infarction
N Engl J Med 1999; 341:217-225July 22, 1999DOI: 10.1056/NEJM199907223410401
- Abstract
Background
There is conflicting information about whether short-term mortality after myocardial infarction is higher among women than among men after adjustment for age and other prognostic factors. We hypothesized that younger, but not older, women have higher mortality rates during hospitalization than their male peers.
Methods
We analyzed data on 384,878 patients (155,565 women and 229,313 men) who were 30 to 89 years of age and who had been enrolled in the National Registry of Myocardial Infarction 2 between June 1994 and January 1998. Patients who had been transferred from or to other hospitals were excluded.
Results
The overall mortality rate during hospitalization was 16.7 percent among the women and 11.5 percent among the men. Sex-based differences in the rates varied according to age. Among patients less than 50 years of age, the mortality rate for the women was more than twice that for the men. The difference in the rates decreased with increasing age and was no longer significant after the age of 74 (P< 0.001 for the interaction between sex and age). Logistic-regression analysis showed that the odds of death were 11.1 percent greater for women than for men with every five-year decrease in age (95 percent confidence interval, 10.1 to 12.1 percent). Differences in medical history, the clinical severity of the infarction, and early management accounted for only about one third of the difference in the risk. After adjustment for these factors, women still had a higher risk of death for every five years of decreasing age (increase in the odds of death, 7.0 percent; 95 percent confidence interval, 5.9 to 8.1 percent).
Conclusions
After myocardial infarction, younger women, but not older women, have higher rates of death during hospitalization than men of the same age. The younger the age of the patients, the higher the risk of death among women relative to men. Younger women with myocardial infarction represent a high-risk group deserving of special study.
Media in This Article
Figure 1
Rates of Death during Hospitalization for Myocardial Infarction among Women and Men, According to Age.Figure 2
Odds Ratios for Death during Hospitalization for Myocardial Infarction in Women as Compared with Men, According to Age.Article Activity
- Article
With the recognition of cardiovascular disease as the number-one cause of death among women in the United States,1 considerable interest has been focused on the study of sex-based differences in the outcome of myocardial infarction. However, after about a decade of research on this topic, studies are conflicting about whether short-term mortality after myocardial infarction is higher among women than men, after adjustment for differences in age and other prognostic factors.2-13
The traditional approach has been to compare men and women after adjustment for age and other covariables. However, younger women (those less than 65 or 70 years of age) who have a myocardial infarction may represent a distinct group in terms of risk factors and pathophysiology.14-19 We recently reported a significant interaction between sex and age with respect to short-term mortality after myocardial infarction.20 The mortality rate among women younger than 75 years of age was twice that among men in that age group, whereas we found no differences in mortality among older patients. However, our previous study was limited by a sample size that allowed stratification into only two age groups.
The purpose of the present study was to confirm the hypothesis that age has a significant effect on short-term mortality after myocardial infarction and to determine the reasons for this effect. We hypothesized that the younger the patients, the higher the risk of death during hospitalization among women relative to men.
Methods
Patients
The National Registry of Myocardial Infarction 2 is a prospective, observational study of patients admitted to the hospital with acute myocardial infarction that was initiated on June 1, 1994. Participating hospitals enroll consecutive patients with acute myocardial infarction, as described previously.21 The methods of case ascertainment and data acquisition have been validated.22 By January 31, 1998, a total of 691,995 patients from 1658 U.S. hospitals had been enrolled. In the current analysis, we excluded 143,366 patients who were transferred from a participating hospital to another acute care institution, since the outcome after transfer was not known. We also excluded 886 patients with missing information on age, 16,925 patients who were 90 years of age or older, and 1189 patients who were less than 30 years of age, since myocardial infarction is rare in this age group, particularly among women. In our main analysis we also excluded 144,751 patients who had been transferred from other acute care hospitals, since admission data were often missing and, when they were not, they were thought to be less accurate. Therefore, 384,878 patients (155,565 women and 229,313 men) were included in this analysis. Since transferred patients accounted for 22 percent of all patients in the registry, and since more men (23.8 percent) than women (19.0 percent) had been transferred, we repeated the analyses with the sample that included patients who had been transferred to participating hospitals.
Clinical Variables
Information on clinical variables (Table 1Table 1
Base-Line Characteristics of the Patients, Early Treatments, and Characteristics of the Hospitals in the Entire Group and According to Age.) was abstracted from the medical records at each hospital.21 The degree of ventricular dysfunction was assessed with use of the Killip classification.23 Statistical Analysis
First, we compared the mortality rate during hospitalization among women and men according to five-year age groups. We used the Breslow–Day test to assess whether there was an interaction between age and sex.24 Next, we compared the base-line characteristics of the women and men, treatment factors, events that occurred during hospitalization, and characteristics of the hospitals with the use of four age groups (30 to 59 years, 60 to 69 years, 70 to 79 years, and 80 to 89 years). We then used a series of logistic-regression models to assess the effect of groups of variables on the associations of interest (sex and its interaction with age). We calculated odds ratios with their 95 percent confidence intervals from these models.
The first model included sex as an explanatory variable. In subsequent models, we added sequentially age, the interaction between sex and age, other demographic factors (race and insurance status), coexisting conditions (myocardial infarction, angina, congestive heart failure, stroke, coronary-artery bypass grafting, percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty, hypertension, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, and current smoking), clinical indicators of the severity of the infarction, management in the first 24 hours after infarction, time from the onset of symptoms to presentation at the hospital, and characteristics of the hospitals. Each model also included three dummy variables for the year of discharge (1994, 1995, and 1996, with 1997–1998 used as the reference category). Given the large number of patients and the fact that all the candidate variables were deemed relevant, the size of the model was not reduced. In the case of two variables for which data were missing for at least 5 percent of patients — time to presentation (data missing for 33 percent) and left ventricular ejection fraction (data missing for 42 percent) — a dummy variable for the missing values was added to the models.
Age and its interaction with sex were modeled as continuous variables, since no significant departure from linear trend was found, consistent with the results of previous studies25 and indicating an exponential increase in the odds of death with age. The odds of death for women as compared with men were calculated according to five-year decrements in age (from old to young). The adequacy of fit and the discriminatory power of the models were assessed according to standard methods.26,27 All tests of statistical significance were two-tailed.
Results
Bivariate Analyses and Comparisons of Men and Women According to Age
As expected, the female patients were older than the male patients: the mean (±SD) age of the women was 72.4±12.0 years, whereas that of the men was 65.6±13.1 years (P<0.001). The mortality rate during hospitalization was higher among women than among men (16.7 percent vs. 11.5 percent; odds ratio for death among women as compared with men, 1.54; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.51 to 1.57). However, when the mortality rates were examined according to age group, sex-based differences varied according to age (Figure 1Figure 1
Rates of Death during Hospitalization for Myocardial Infarction among Women and Men, According to Age.). In the group of patients who were less than 50 years of age, the mortality rate during hospitalization was more than twice as high among the women. The difference in the rates decreased with increasing age and was no longer significant after the age of 74 (P<0.001 for the overall interaction between sex and age).Younger women were more likely than younger men to have diabetes, a history of congestive heart failure, and a history of stroke, but no sex-based differences were apparent at older ages (Table 1). At all ages men were more likely than women to have a history of myocardial infarction, coronary-artery bypass grafting, and coronary angioplasty and to be smokers. At younger ages women were more likely than men to be given a diagnosis other than myocardial infarction or unstable angina at admission, whereas the diagnoses at admission were similar among older men and women.
There were also age-related differences between men and women in the clinical characteristics at admission (Table 1). Younger women, but not older women, were more likely than men to have more severe clinical abnormalities (i.e., higher Killip class, lower systolic blood pressure, and higher pulse rate), but they were less likely than their male peers to have chest pain and ST elevation on the initial electrocardiogram. Sex-based differences in treatment in the first 24 hours were small, but there was a consistent pattern of a lower likelihood of treatment among the women, in particular at younger ages. The characteristics of the hospital and the years of discharge were similar among the women and men.
Overall, the locations of the infarcts, creatine kinase levels, and left ventricular ejection fractions (among patients in whom ejection fraction was assessed) were similar among the women and men (Table 2Table 2
Characteristics during Hospitalization in the Entire Group and According to Age.). Nonetheless, younger women were more likely than younger men to have complications such as hypotension, heart failure, cardiogenic shock, and major bleeding and were less likely to undergo cardiovascular procedures such as coronary angiography and revascularization (Table 2).Multivariable Analyses
Adjustment of the logistic-regression model for age appeared to account for most of the effect of sex on the mortality rate: the odds ratio for death among women decreased from 1.54 to 1.18 (95 percent confidence interval, 1.16 to 1.20). However, when the interaction between sex and age was included in the model, it was found to be significant (P<0.001): for every five-year decrease in age, the odds of death during hospitalization for women relative to men increased 11.1 percent (95 percent confidence interval, 10.1 to 12.1 percent). Sex-based differences in medical history, clinical severity of the infarction, and early management accounted for about one third of the difference (Table 3Table 3
Variation of the Effect of Sex on the Risk of Death during Hospitalization for Every Five-Year Decrement in Age and the Effect of Adding Covariables., Figure 2AFigure 2Odds Ratios for Death during Hospitalization for Myocardial Infarction in Women as Compared with Men, According to Age., and Figure 2B). After adjustment for all the variables listed in Table 1, women still had a higher risk of death for every five-year decrement in age (increase in the odds of death, 7.0 percent; 95 percent confidence interval, 5.9 to 8.1 percent). The addition of the hospitals' characteristics to the model did not change the estimate for sex or for the interaction between sex and age. In every model the interaction between sex and age remained significant.Previous studies have reported that diabetes may be a stronger prognostic factor after myocardial infarction in women than in men.28,29 Therefore, as a post hoc analysis, we checked whether there was a significant interaction between sex and diabetes with respect to the mortality rate in the age group in which most sex-based differences in the rate were found (patients less than 70 years of age). No significant interaction between sex and diabetes was found (P=0.30).
The fit of the model appeared to be satisfactory. When the analyses were repeated in the group that also included the patients who had transferred to participating hospitals, the results were similar (data not shown).
Discussion
Consistent with previous findings,5,7,30-43 we found that women as a group had a higher unadjusted risk of early death after myocardial infarction than men, and older age was an important potential explanation for this higher risk. However, examination of the results according to age revealed a different explanation. The risk among women was higher only before the age of about 75, was not accounted for by other characteristics in the analysis, and increased progressively with decreasing age. This study confirms our preliminary report,20 which was limited by the sample size. In both studies an elevated risk of early death among women relative to men gradually decreased with age and was seen only up to the age of approximately 75.
In line with epidemiologic,44 pathological,16 and physiologic17 data, our results provide clinical evidence that women who have a myocardial infarction are a heterogeneous group; our findings thus further clarify whether female sex is a risk factor for short-term mortality after myocardial infarction. Studies of elderly patients with myocardial infarction have consistently found either no significant differences in the mortality rate between men and women45,46 or a lower rate among women.47,48 In contrast, studies that have excluded elderly patients33,49,50 have tended to show higher mortality rates among women, even after adjustment for base-line differences. Most studies, however, included patients over a wide age range. The failure to account for a variation in the effect of sex according to age may have led to inaccurate risk estimates.
Studies based on patients who were enrolled in clinical trials5,10,11,49,50 or who met eligibility criteria for thrombolysis8 have also tended to show higher mortality rates during hospitalization or at one month among women than among men. For example, the Third International Study of Infarct Survival analyzed mortality data according to age and sex and found no interaction between sex and age.5 All the patients were seen within 24 hours after the onset of symptoms and had “clear indications” for thrombolytic therapy, as well as no contraindications. These selection criteria may explain in part the differences in results between those studies and our study. In our study younger women waited longer than men before going to the hospital, were less likely to be given a diagnosis of myocardial infarction at admission, and were less likely to receive thrombolytic therapy. Therefore, these women would most likely have been excluded from trials of thrombolytic therapy. Selection factors other than eligibility for treatment may also have a role, since a large proportion of eligible patients are usually not enrolled in randomized trials and certain types of patients are favored for inclusion.51
Epidemiologic data have indicated that women are relatively spared from coronary heart disease up to the age of 75.44 Although the reasons for this protection are not entirely clear, estrogen is thought to play a part.52 Women in whom coronary atherosclerosis develops before the age of 75 may be predisposed to have particularly aggressive disease or possibly early onset or may have more risk factors for coronary heart disease, which might override the protective effect of estrogen. For example, diabetes has been found to negate the protective effect of female sex against coronary heart disease and death from cardiovascular disease53,54 and to be a stronger prognostic factor after myocardial infarction in women than in men.28,29 In our study, younger women, but not older women, were more likely to have diabetes than their male peers. The higher risk of diabetes was paralleled by a more frequent history of heart failure and stroke in younger women than in younger men. However, adjustment for diabetes and other coexisting conditions accounted for only about 10 percent of the difference in the risk, and there was no significant interaction between sex and diabetes.
Another possible explanation for the higher risk of death among younger women is the lower rate of use of established treatments for myocardial infarction, such as aspirin, beta-blockers, and thrombolytic therapy, in women.3 Sex-based differences in these treatments have been reported.55-57 In one study, female sex remained an independent predictor of the lack of use of reperfusion therapy among eligible patients.57 However, after adjustment, treatment differences accounted for only about 10 percent of the effect of the interaction between sex and age in our study, possibly because the severity of the clinical abnormalities was already in the model. The latter variable had the strongest impact, accounting for 19 percent of the effect of the interaction between sex and age.
The pathophysiology of coronary heart disease in premenopausal or middle-aged women may differ from the more common disease of older women and of men. Plaque erosions are the predominant abnormality in premenopausal women who die suddenly, whereas rupture of plaques is more common in older women and in men.16 In addition, younger women who have a myocardial infarction,14 who die suddenly of coronary causes,16 or who survive a cardiac arrest15 have less narrowing of the coronary arteries than older women or men. These findings suggest that different clotting mechanisms may trigger myocardial infarction in younger women, perhaps involving a hypercoagulable state or coronary spasm. Young women who survive myocardial infarction have more reactive platelets than young male survivors,17 and transmural myocardial infarction with normal findings on coronary angiography, which is distinctly more common in young women, has been associated with vasospastic syndromes such as migraine and Raynaud's phenomenon, as well as hypercoagulable states such as pregnancy and use of oral contraceptives.18 These and other mechanisms may be genetic in nature or have a genetic predisposition. A family history of death from coronary heart disease is associated with an increased risk of this event in both men and women, but this susceptibility is stronger in younger women than in older women or in men.58
It is also possible that the higher rate of death during hospitalization among younger women is due to sex-based differences in the mortality rate before hospitalization. Studies of two registries participating in the World Health Organization's Monitoring Trends and Determinants in Cardiovascular Disease Project,42,43 which assesses coronary events in people less than 64 years of age, have shown that a higher rate of death from myocardial infarction during hospitalization among women is balanced by a higher rate of death before hospitalization among men. However, a study of the project's entire registry, involving 29 populations in 18 countries, found considerable variation in the rates of death before hospitalization.13 Therefore, this issue needs further clarification.
The peculiar characteristics of coronary heart disease in young and middle-aged women may have diagnostic implications that affect management decisions and, therefore, prognosis. The less extensive narrowing of coronary arteries in these women may cause underdiagnosis of coronary heart disease with the use of traditional diagnostic tests such as coronary angiography. Studies have suggested that women with symptoms of coronary heart disease are referred for cardiovascular procedures less often59-61 or later62 than men. Some of these differences may reflect differences in the characteristics of early manifestations of coronary heart disease in women, as suggested by our findings of age-based differences in the presentation of myocardial infarction. If the early symptoms, signs, and pathophysiology of coronary heart disease in women differ from those in men, the condition may be more difficult to recognize in women at an early stage.
A strength of our study, in addition to the use of a large number of patients from several states, is its observational design. Consent procedures or eligibility for treatment was not required for enrollment, therefore minimizing bias and increasing the generalizability of results. Although the data we collected were not independently validated, our methods of case ascertainment and acquisition of other data have been found to be valid.22 In addition, the simplicity of the protocol enabled us to assemble one of the largest and most contemporary data bases of myocardial infarction in the United States. Although the use of death during hospitalization as the end point (with an average length of stay of about 7 days) may decrease the comparability of our results with those of other investigations that have used 28-to-35-day mortality as the end point,4,5,7,43 most deaths after hospital admission for myocardial infarction occur early, most commonly in the first 24 hours.13
In conclusion, we found that the higher short-term mortality of women, as compared with men, after myocardial infarction was confined to women who were less than 75 years of age — the age group in which myocardial infarction can be considered premature in women. In addition, the younger the age of the women, the higher the risk of death relative to men. This higher risk was only partially accounted for by differences in coexisting conditions, clinical characteristics, and early management. Our results indicate that younger women with myocardial infarction are a high-risk group deserving of special study and that patients' age must be considered in assessments of sex-based differences in short-term mortality after myocardial infarction.
Dr. Krumholz is a Paul Beeson Faculty Scholar.
We are indebted to Dr. Judy Malmgren for her expertise in the management of study data.
Source Information
From the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (V.V., H.M.K.) and Medicine (Cardiology) (H.M.K.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn.; the Health Services Research and Development Field Program, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Healthcare System, and the Cardiovascular Outcomes Research Center, Division of Cardiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle (L.P., N.R.E.); the Division of Cardiology, University of California–San Francisco, and the Division of Medical Affairs, Genentech, San Francisco (H.V.B.); and the Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Yale–New Haven Hospital, New Haven, Conn. (H.M.K.).
Address reprint requests to Dr. Vaccarino at the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Yale University School of Medicine, 60 College St., P.O. Box 208034, New Haven, CT 06520-8034, or at viola.vaccarino@yale.edu.
- References
References
1
Wenger NK ,Speroff L ,Packard B . Cardiovascular health and disease in women. N Engl J Med 1993;329:247-256
Free Full Text | Web of Science | Medline2
Vaccarino V ,Krumholz HM ,Berkman LF ,Horwitz RI . Sex differences in mortality after myocardial infarction: is there evidence for an increased risk for women? Circulation 1995;91:1861-1871
Web of Science | Medline3
Nohria A ,Vaccarino V ,Krumholz HM . Gender differences in mortality after myocardial infarction: why women fare worse than men. Cardiol Clin 1998;16:45-57
CrossRef | Medline4
Marrugat J ,Sala J ,Masia R , et al. Mortality differences between men and women following first myocardial infarction. JAMA 1998;280:1405-1409
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline5
Malacrida R ,Genoni M ,Maggioni AP , et al. A comparison of the early outcome of acute myocardial infarction in women and in men. N Engl J Med 1998;338:8-14
Free Full Text | Web of Science | Medline6
Coronado BE ,Griffith JL ,Beshansky JR ,Selker HP . Hospital mortality in women and men with acute cardiac ischemia: a prospective multicenter study. J Am Coll Cardiol 1997;29:1490-1496
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline7
Herman B ,Greiser E ,Pohlabeln H . A sex difference in short-term survival after initial acute myocardial infarction: the MONICA-Bremen Acute Myocardial Infarction Register, 1985-1990. Eur Heart J 1997;18:963-970
Web of Science | Medline8
Kudenchuck PJ ,Maynard C ,Martin JS ,Wirkus M ,Weaver WD . Comparison of presentation, treatment, and outcome of acute myocardial infarction in men versus women. Am J Cardiol 1996;78:9-14
CrossRef | Web of Science9
Maynard C ,Every NR ,Martin JS ,Kudenchuk PJ ,Weaver WD . Association of gender and survival in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Arch Intern Med 1997;157:1379-1384
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline10
Weaver WD ,White HD ,Wilcox RG , et al. Comparisons of characteristics and outcomes among women and men with acute myocardial infarction treated with thrombolytic therapy. JAMA 1996;275:777-782
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline11
Woodfield SL ,Lundergan CF ,Reiner JS , et al. Gender and acute myocardial infarction: is there a different response to thrombolysis? J Am Coll Cardiol 1997;29:35-42
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline12
Kober L ,Torp-Pedersen C ,Ottensen M ,Rasmussen S ,Lessing M ,Skagen K . Influence of gender on short- and long-term mortality after acute myocardial infarction. Am J Cardiol 1996;77:1052-1056
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline13
Chambless L ,Keil U ,Dobson A , et al. Population versus clinical view of case fatality from acute coronary heart disease: results from the WHO MONICA project 1985-1990. Circulation 1997;96:3849-3859
Web of Science | Medline14
Johansson S ,Bergstrand R ,Ulvenstam G , et al. Sex differences in preinfarction characteristics and longterm survival among patients with myocardial infarction. Am J Epidemiol 1984;119:610-623
Web of Science | Medline15
Albert CM ,McGovern BA ,Newell JB ,Ruskin JM . Sex differences in cardiac arrest survivors. Circulation 1996;93:1170-1176
Web of Science | Medline16
Burke AP ,Farb A ,Malcom GT ,Liang Y ,Smialek J ,Virmani R . Effect of risk factors on the mechanism of acute thrombosis and sudden coronary death in women. Circulation 1998;97:2110-2116
Web of Science | Medline17
Berglund U ,Wallentin L ,von Schenck H . Platelet function and plasma fibrinogen and their relations to gender, smoking habits, obesity and beta-blocker treatment in young survivors of myocardial infarction. Thromb Haemost 1988;60:21-24
Web of Science | Medline18
Ciraulo DA ,Bresnahan GF ,Frankel PS ,Isely PE ,Zimmerman WR ,Chesne RB . Transmural myocardial infarction with normal coronary angiograms and with single vessel coronary obstruction: clinical-angiographic features and five-year follow-up. Chest 1983;2:196-202
CrossRef | Web of Science19
Heupler FA Jr . Syndrome of symptomatic coronary arterial spasm with nearly normal coronary arteriograms. Am J Cardiol 1980;45:873-881
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline20
Vaccarino V ,Horwitz RI ,Meehan TP ,Petrillo MK ,Radford MJ ,Krumholz HM . Sex differences in mortality after myocardial infarction: evidence for a sex-age interaction. Arch Intern Med 1998;158:2054-2062
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline21
Barron HV ,Michaels AD ,Maynard C ,Every NR . Use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors at discharge in patients with acute myocardial infarction in the United States: data from the National Registry of Myocardial Infarction 2. J Am Coll Cardiol 1998;32:360-367
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline22
Every NR ,Fredrick PD ,Robinson M ,Sugarman J ,Bowlby L ,Barron HV . A comparison of the National Registry of Myocardial Infarction 2 with the Cooperative Cardiovascular Project. J Am Coll Cardiol 1999;33:1886-1894
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline23
Killip T III ,Kimball JT . Treatment of myocardial infarction in a coronary care unit: a two-year experience with 250 patients. Am J Cardiol 1967;20:467-474
CrossRef | Web of Science24
Breslow NE, Day NE. Statistical methods in cancer research. Vol. 1. The analysis of case-control studies. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer, 1980. (IARC scientific publications no. 32.)
25
Maggioni AP ,Maseri A ,Fresco C , et al. Age-related increase in mortality among patients with first myocardial infarctions treated with thrombolysis. N Engl J Med 1993;329:1442-1448
Free Full Text | Web of Science | Medline26
Cox DR, Snell EJ. Analysis of binary data. 2nd ed. London: Chapman & Hall, 1989.
27
Hanley JA ,McNeil BJ . The meaning and use of the area under a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Radiology 1982;143:29-36
Web of Science | Medline28
Donahue RP ,Goldberg RJ ,Chen Z ,Gore JM ,Alpert JS . The influence of sex and diabetes mellitus on survival following acute myocardial infarction: a community-wide perspective. J Clin Epidemiol 1992;46:245-252
CrossRef | Web of Science29
Abbott RD ,Donahue RP ,Kannel WB ,Wilson PWF . The impact of diabetes on survival following myocardial infarction in men vs women: the Framingham Study. JAMA 1988;260:3456-3460[Erratum, JAMA 1989;261:1884.]
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline30
Dittrich H ,Gilpin E ,Nicod P ,Cali G ,Henning H ,Ross J Jr . Acute myocardial infarction in women: influence of gender on mortality and prognostic variables. Am J Cardiol 1988;62:1-7
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline31
Goldberg RJ ,Gorak EJ ,Yarzebski J , et al. A community-wide perspective of sex differences and temporal trends in the incidence and survival rates after acute myocardial infarction and out-of-hospital deaths caused by coronary heart disease. Circulation 1993;87:1947-1953
Web of Science | Medline32
Hammar N ,Larsen FF ,Sandberg E ,Alfredsson L ,Theorell T . Time trends in survival from myocardial infarction in Stockholm County 1976-1984. Int J Epidemiol 1992;21:1090-1096
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline33
Fiebach NH ,Viscoli CM ,Horwitz RI . Differences between women and men in survival after myocardial infarction: biology or methodology? JAMA 1990;263:1092-1096
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline34
Karlson BW ,Herlitz J ,Hartford M . Prognosis in myocardial infarction in relation to gender. Am Heart J 1994;128:477-483
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline35
Krumholz HM ,Douglas PS ,Lauer MS ,Pasternak RC . Selection of patients for coronary angiography and coronary revascularization early after myocardial infarction: is there evidence for a gender bias? Ann Intern Med 1992;116:785-790
Web of Science | Medline36
Marrugat J ,Anto JM ,Sala J ,Masia R . Influence of gender in acute and long-term cardiac mortality after a first myocardial infarction. J Clin Epidemiol 1994;47:111-118
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline37
Maynard C ,Litwin PE ,Martin JS ,Weaver WD . Gender differences in the treatment and outcome of acute myocardial infarction: results from the Myocardial Infarction Triage and Intervention Registry. Arch Intern Med 1992;152:972-976
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline38
Peter T ,Harper R ,Luxton M ,Penington C ,Sloman JG . Acute myocardial infarction in women: the influence of age on complications and mortality. Med J Aust 1978;1:189-191
Web of Science | Medline39
Robinson K ,Conroy RM ,Mulcahy R ,Hickey N . Risk factors and in-hospital course of first episode of myocardial infarction or acute coronary insufficiency in women. J Am Coll Cardiol 1988;11:932-936
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline40
Weinblatt E ,Shapiro S ,Frank CW . Prognosis of women with newly diagnosed coronary heart disease: a comparison with course of disease among men. Am J Public Health 1973;63:577-593
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline41
White HD ,Barbash GI ,Modan M , et al. After correcting for worse baseline characteristics, women treated with thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction have the same mortality and morbidity as men except for a higher incidence of hemorrhagic stroke. Circulation 1993;88:2097-2103
Web of Science | Medline42
Sonke GS ,Beaglehole R ,Stewart AW ,Jackson R ,Stewart FM . Sex differences in case fatality before and after admission to hospital after acute cardiac events: analysis of community based coronary heart disease register. BMJ 1996;313:853-855
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline43
Tunstall-Pedoe H ,Morrison C ,Woodward M ,Fitzpatrick B ,Watt G . Sex differences in myocardial infarction and coronary deaths in the Scottish MONICA population of Glasgow 1985 to 1991: presentation, diagnosis, treatment, and 28-day case fatality of 3991 events in men and 1551 events in women. Circulation 1996;93:1981-1982
Web of Science | Medline44
Lerner DJ ,Kannel WB . Patterns of coronary heart disease morbidity and mortality in the sexes: a 26-year follow-up of the Framingham population. Am Heart J 1986;111:383-390
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline45
Bueno H ,Vidan MT ,Almazan A ,Lopez-Sendon JL ,Delcan JL . Influence of sex on the short-term outcome of elderly patients with a first acute myocardial infarction. Circulation 1995;92:1133-1140
Web of Science | Medline46
Maynard C ,Litwin PE ,Martin JS ,Weaver WD . Treatment and outcome of acute myocardial infarction in women 75 years of age and older: findings from the Myocardial Infarction Triage and Intervention Registry. Cardiol Elderly 1993;1:121-12547
Udvarhelyi IS ,Gatsonis C ,Epstein AM ,Pashos CL ,Newhouse JP ,McNeil BJ . Acute myocardial infarction in the Medicare population: process of care and clinical outcomes. JAMA 1992;268:2530-2536
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline48
Vaccarino V ,Krumholz HM ,Mendes de Leon CF ,Holford TE ,Horwitz RI ,Berkman LF . Sex differences in survival after myocardial infarction in older adults: a community-based approach. J Am Geriatr Soc 1996;44:1174-1182
Web of Science | Medline49
Tofler GH ,Stone PH ,Muller JE , et al. Effect of gender and race on prognosis after myocardial infarction: adverse prognosis for women, particularly black women. J Am Coll Cardiol 1987;9:473-482
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline50
Becker RC ,Terrin M ,Ross R , et al. Comparison of clinical outcomes for women and men after acute myocardial infarction. Ann Intern Med 1994;120:638-645
Web of Science | Medline51
Friedman LM, Furberg CD, DeMets DL. Fundamentals of clinical trials. 3rd ed. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1998.
52
Herrington DM. Sex hormones and normal cardiovascular physiology in women. In: Julian DG, Wenger NK, eds. Women and heart disease. St. Louis: Mosby–Year Book, 1997:243-64.
53
Barrett-Connor EL ,Cohn BA ,Wingard DL ,Eldestein SL . Why is diabetes mellitus a stronger risk factor for fatal ischemic heart disease in women than in men? The Rancho Bernardo Study. JAMA 1991;265:627-631[Erratum, JAMA 1991;265:3249.]
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline54
Sowers JR . Diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease in women. Arch Intern Med 1998;158:617-621
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline55
Chandra NC ,Ziegelstein RC ,Rogers WJ , et al. Observations of the treatment of women in the United States with myocardial infarction: a report from the National Registry of Myocardial Infarction -- I. Arch Intern Med 1998;158:981-988
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline56
Gurwitz JH ,Gore JM ,Goldberg RJ ,Rubison M ,Chandra N ,Rogers WJ . Recent age-related trends in the use of thrombolytic therapy in patients who have had acute myocardial infarction: National Registry of Myocardial Infarction. Ann Intern Med 1996;124:283-291
Web of Science | Medline57
Barron HV ,Bowlby LJ ,Breen T , et al. Use of reperfusion therapy for acute myocardial infarction in the United States: data from the National Registry of Myocardial Infarction 2. Circulation 1998;97:1150-1156
Web of Science | Medline58
Marenberg ME ,Risch N ,Berkman LF ,Floderus B ,De Faire U . Genetic susceptibility to death from coronary heart disease in a study of twins. N Engl J Med 1994;330:1041-1046
Free Full Text | Web of Science | Medline59
Tobin J ,Wassertheil-Smoller S ,Wexler JP , et al. Sex bias in considering coronary bypass surgery. Ann Intern Med 1987;107:19-25
Web of Science | Medline60
Ayanian JZ ,Epstein AM . Differences in the use of procedures between women and men hospitalized for coronary heart disease. N Engl J Med 1991;325:221-225
Free Full Text | Web of Science | Medline61
Steingart RM ,Packer M ,Hamm P , et al. Sex differences in the management of coronary artery disease. N Engl J Med 1991;325:226-230
Free Full Text | Web of Science | Medline62
Khan SS ,Nessim S ,Gray R ,Czer LS ,Chaux A ,Matloff J . Increased mortality of women in coronary artery bypass surgery: evidence for referral bias. Ann Intern Med 1990;112:561-567
Web of Science | Medline
- Citing Articles (322)
Citing Articles
1
Paolo Ortolani, Emilia Solinas, Paolo Guastaroba, Massimiliano Marino, Gianni Casella, Antonio Manari, Giancarlo Piovaccari, Filippo Ottani, Elisabetta Varani, Gianluca Campo, Antonio Marzocchi, Piera Angelica Merlini, Caterina Caminiti, Rossana De Palma, Diego Ardissino. (2013) Relevance of gender in patients with acute myocardial infarction undergoing coronary interventions. Journal of Cardiovascular Medicine 14:6, 421-429
2
Sujuan Yan, Weizhong Song, Yamei Chen, Kui Hong, Jack Rubinstein, Hong-Sheng Wang. (2013) Low-dose bisphenol A and estrogen increase ventricular arrhythmias following ischemia–reperfusion in female rat hearts. Food and Chemical Toxicology 56, 75-80
3
Fatima Rodriguez, JoAnne M Foody. (2013) Is cardiovascular disease in young women overlooked?. Women's Health 9:3, 213-215
4
Vijay Kunadian, Weiliang Qiu, Bilal Bawamia, Murugu Veerasamy, Sheila Jamieson, Azfar Zaman. (2013) Gender Comparisons in Cardiogenic Shock During ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction Treated by Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention. The American Journal of Cardiology
5
Giuseppe De Luca, Guido Parodi, Roberto Sciagrà, Benedetta Bellandi, Monica Verdoia, Ruben Vergara, Angela Migliorini, Renato Valenti, David Antoniucci. (2013) Relation of Gender to Infarct Size in Patients With ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction Undergoing Primary Angioplasty. The American Journal of Cardiology 111:7, 936-940
6
Kathryn W. Holmes, Cheryl L. Maslen, Mark Kindem, Barbara L. Kroner, Howard K. Song, William Ravekes, H.C. Dietz, Jonathan W. Weinsaft, Mary J. Roman, Richard B. Devereux, Reed E. Pyeritz, Joseph Bavaria, Karianna Milewski, Dianna Milewicz, Scott A. LeMaire, Tabitha Hendershot, Kim A. Eagle, H. Eser Tolunay, Patrice Desvigne-Nickens, Michael Silberbach, . (2013) GenTAC registry report: Gender differences among individuals with genetically triggered thoracic aortic aneurysm and dissection. American Journal of Medical Genetics Part A 161:4, 779-786
7
Carlos Iribarren, Sabee Molloi. (2013) Breast Arterial Calcification: a New Marker of Cardiovascular Risk?. Current Cardiovascular Risk Reports 7:2, 126-135
8
A. Geibel. (2013) Editorial. Clinical Research in Cardiology Supplements 8:S1, 3-5
9
Lakshmana K. Pendyala, Rebecca Torguson, Joshua P. Loh, Hironori Kitabata, Sa'ar Minha, Salem Badr, Danny Dvir, Israel M. Barbash, Lowell F. Satler, Augusto D. Pichard, Ron Waksman. (2013) Comparison of Adverse Outcomes After Contemporary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Women Versus Men With Acute Coronary Syndrome. The American Journal of Cardiology 111:8, 1092-1098
10
Louise GH Goh, Satvinder S Dhaliwal, Andy H Lee, Dean Bertolatti, Phillip R Della. (2013) Utility of established cardiovascular disease risk score models for the 10-year prediction of disease outcomes in women. Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy 11:4, 425-435
11
Sofia A. Papadopoulou, Juan Carlos Kaski. (2013) Ischaemic heart disease in the ageing woman. Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology
12
Rachel P. Dreyer, John F. Beltrame, Christopher Neil, Tracy Air, Rosanna Tavella, Bernadette Hoffmann, Purendra K. Pati, David Di Fiore, Margaret Arstall, Christopher Zeitz. (2013) Cardiac Hemodynamics in Men Versus Women During Acute ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction. The American Journal of Cardiology
13
Nikolaos A. Papakonstantinou, Maria I. Stamou, Nikolaos G. Baikoussis, John Goudevenos, Efstratios Apostolakis. (2013) Sex differentiation with regard to coronary artery disease. Journal of Cardiology
14
J. E. Sanner, L. Frazier, M. Udtha. (2013) Self-reported depressive symptoms in women hospitalized for acute coronary syndrome. Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursingn/a-n/a
15
Eyal Herzog, Jacqueline Tamis, Emad F. Aziz, Janet M. Shapiro. (2013) A Novel Program Focused on Women Survivors Who Were Enrolled in a Cardiac Arrest Pathway. Critical Pathways in Cardiology 12:1, 28-30
16
Alyson J. McGregor, Marna Greenberg, Basmah Safdar, Todd Seigel, Robert Hendrickson, Stacey Poznanski, Moira Davenport, James Miner, Esther K. Choo, Lowell W. Gerson. (2013) Focusing a Gender Lens on Emergency Medicine Research: 2012 Update. Academic Emergency Medicine 20:3, 313-320
17
G. Egiziano, S. Akhtari, L. Pilote, S. S. Daskalopoulou, . (2013) Sex differences in young patients with acute myocardial infarction. Diabetic Medicine 30:3, e108-e114
18
KIMBERLY A. SKELDING, GOUTHAMI BOGA, JENNIFER SARTORIUS, G. CRAIG WOOD, PETER B. BERGER, VERNON H. MASCARENHAS, CHRISTOPHER W. GOOD, THOMAS D. SCOTT, JAMES C. BLANKENSHIP. (2013) Frequency of Coronary Angiography and Revascularization among Men and Women with Myocardial Infarction and Their Relationship to Mortality at One Year: An Analysis of the Geisinger Myocardial Infarction Cohort. Journal of Interventional Cardiology 26:1, 14-21
19
Yoann Bataille, Jean-Pierre Déry, Éric Larose, Eltigani Abdelaal, Jimmy Machaalany, Josep Rodés-Cabau, Stéphane Rinfret, Ugo Déry, Olivier Costerousse, Louis Roy, Olivier F. Bertrand. (2013) Incidence and clinical impact of concurrent chronic total occlusion according to gender in ST-Elevation myocardial infarction. Catheterization and Cardiovascular Interventionsn/a-n/a
20
Carolina Nazzal, Faustino T. Alonso. (2013) Younger Women Have a Higher Risk of In-Hospital Mortality Due to Acute Myocardial Infarction in Chile. Revista Española de Cardiología (English Edition) 66:2, 104-109
21
Carolina Nazzal, Faustino T. Alonso. (2013) Las mujeres jóvenes en Chile tienen elevado riesgo de muerte intrahospitalaria por infarto de miocardio. Revista Española de Cardiología 66:2, 104-109
22
K. Smolina, F. L. Wright, M. Rayner, M. J. Goldacre. (2012) Incidence and 30-day case fatality for acute myocardial infarction in England in 2010: national-linked database study. The European Journal of Public Health 22:6, 848-853
23
U. Seeland, S. Eifert, V. Regitz-Zagrosek. (2012) Genderaspekte bei koronarer Herzerkrankung. Der Kardiologe 6:6, 495-505
24
Nicolas Danchin, Tabassome Tabassome Simon. (2012) Women are the equal of men at last… for sure?. EuroIntervention 8:8, 883-885
25
Juan Ruiz-García, Amir Lerman, Giora Weisz, Akiko Maehara, Gary S. Mintz, Martin Fahy, Ke Xu, Alexandra J. Lansky, Ecaterina Cristea, Tony G. Farah, Rui Teles, Hans Erik Botker, Barry Templin, Zhen Zhang, Bernard de Bruyne, Patrick W. Serruys, Gregg W. Stone. (2012) Age- and gender-related changes in plaque composition in patients with acute coronary syndrome: the PROSPECT study. EuroIntervention 8:8, 929-938
26
Oz Harmanli, Beril Yuksel. (2012) Asymptomatic microscopic hematuria in women requires separate guidelines. International Urogynecology Journal
27
Eveline Oestreicher Stock, Rita Redberg. (2012) Cardiovascular Disease in Women. Current Problems in Cardiology 37:11, 450-526
28
María Grau, Cristina Sala, Joan Sala, Rafael Masia, Joan Vila, Isaac Subirana, Rafel Ramos, Roberto Elosua, Ramón Brugada, Jaume Marrugat. (2012) Sex-related differences in prognosis after myocardial infarction: changes from 1978 to 2007. European Journal of Epidemiology 27:11, 847-855
29
Sofia Sederholm Lawesson, Joakim Alfredsson, Mats Fredrikson, Eva Swahn. (2012) A gender perspective on short- and long term mortality in ST-elevation myocardial infarction — A report from the SWEDEHEART register. International Journal of Cardiology
30
Stephan D. Fihn, Julius M. Gardin, Jonathan Abrams, Kathleen Berra, James C. Blankenship, Apostolos P. Dallas, Pamela S. Douglas, JoAnne M. Foody, Thomas C. Gerber, Alan L. Hinderliter, Spencer B. King, Paul D. Kligfield, Harlan M. Krumholz, Raymond Y.K. Kwong, Michael J. Lim, Jane A. Linderbaum, Michael J. Mack, Mark A. Munger, Richard L. Prager, Joseph F. Sabik, Leslee J. Shaw, Joanna D. Sikkema, Craig R. Smith, Sidney C. Smith, John A. Spertus, Sankey V. Williams. (2012) 2012 ACCF/AHA/ACP/AATS/PCNA/SCAI/STS Guideline for the Diagnosis and Management of Patients With Stable Ischemic Heart Disease. Journal of the American College of Cardiology
31
Nanette K Wenger. (2012) Gender disparity in cardiovascular disease: bias or biology?. Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy 10:11, 1401-1411
32
Travis Bench, Ronald Flores, Kathleen Stergiopoulos. (2012) Sex Disparities in Outcomes of Patients with Coronary Disease. Current Cardiovascular Risk Reports 6:5, 479-486
33
Seamus Whelton, Grant V. Chow, M. Dominique Ashen, Roger S. Blumenthal. (2012) Dyslipidemia Management for Secondary Prevention in Women with Cardiovascular Disease: What Can We Expect From Nonpharmacologic Strategies?. Current Cardiovascular Risk Reports 6:5, 443-449
34
Vivian G. Ng, Alexandra J. Lansky. (2012) Interventions for ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction in Women. Interventional Cardiology Clinics 1:4, 453-465
35
Jeanne M. Huddleston, Rachel E. Gullerud, Fantley Smither, Paul M. Huddleston, Dirk R. Larson, Michael P. Phy, L. Joseph Melton, Veronique L. Roger. (2012) Myocardial Infarction After Hip Fracture Repair: A Population-Based Study. Journal of the American Geriatrics Societyn/a-n/a
36
C. Javierre, A. Ricart, R. Manez, E. Farrero, M. L. Carrio, D. Rodriguez-Castro, H. Torrado, J. L. Ventura. (2012) Age and sex differences in perioperative myocardial infarction after cardiac surgery. Interactive CardioVascular and Thoracic Surgery 15:1, 28-32
37
U. Seeland, S. Eifert, V. Regitz-Zagrosek. (2012) Genderaspekte bei koronarer Herzerkrankung. Zeitschrift für Herz-,Thorax- und Gefäßchirurgie 26:3, 150-159
38
Oliver J. Wang, Yongfei Wang, Jersey Chen, Harlan M. Krumholz. (2012) Recent Trends in Hospitalization for Acute Myocardial Infarction. The American Journal of Cardiology 109:11, 1589-1593
39
Munira Xaymardan, Zhuo Sun, Kota Hatta, Masaki Tsukashita, Filip Konecny, Richard D. Weisel, Ren-Ke Li. (2012) Uterine cells are recruited to the infarcted heart and improve cardiac outcomes in female rats. Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology 52:6, 1265-1273
40
Yeping Chen, Lu Fu, Ying Han, Yueqiu Teng, Junfeng Sun, Rongsheng Xie, Junxian Cao. (2012) Testosterone replacement therapy promotes angiogenesis after acute myocardial infarction by enhancing expression of cytokines HIF-1a, SDF-1a and VEGF. European Journal of Pharmacology 684:1-3, 116-124
41
Jan Ebbinghaus, Birga Maier, Ralph Schoeller, Helmut Schühlen, Heinz Theres, Steffen Behrens. (2012) Routine early invasive strategy and in-hospital mortality in women with non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction. International Journal of Cardiology 158:1, 78-82
42
Louise Pilote, Igor Karp. (2012) GENESIS-PRAXY (GENdEr and Sex determInantS of cardiovascular disease: From bench to beyond-Premature Acute Coronary SYndrome). American Heart Journal 163:5, 741-746.e2
43
Dharam J. Kumbhani, Mehdi H. Shishehbor, Joshua M. Willis, Saima Karim, Dhssraj Singh, Anthony A. Bavry, Edwin Zishiri, Stephen G. Ellis, Venu Menon. (2012) Influence of Gender on Long-Term Mortality in Patients Presenting With Non–ST-Elevation Acute Coronary Syndromes Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention. The American Journal of Cardiology 109:8, 1087-1091
44
Zefeng Zhang, Jing Fang, Cathleen Gillespie, Guijing Wang, Yuling Hong, Paula W. Yoon. (2012) Age-Specific Gender Differences in In-Hospital Mortality by Type of Acute Myocardial Infarction. The American Journal of Cardiology 109:8, 1097-1103
45
Martha Gulati, Leslee J. Shaw, C. Noel Bairey Merz. (2012) Myocardial Ischemia in Women: Lessons From the NHLBI WISE Study. Clinical Cardiology 35:3, 141-148
46
Cindy L. Grines, Theodore Schreiber. (2012) Sex Differences in the Drug-Eluting Stent Era. JACC: Cardiovascular Interventions 5:3, 311-312
47
Basmah Safdar, Judith H. Lichtman, Gail D’Onofrio. (2012) Sex and the CT: An Evolving Story of the Heart. Academic Emergency Medicine 19:2, 197-200
48
Chistopher J Neil, Thanh H Nguyen, Aaron L Sverdlov, Yuliy Y Chirkov, Cher-Rin Chong, Jeanette Stansborough, John F Beltrame, Angela M Kucia, Christopher J Zeitz, Michael P Frenneaux, John D Horowitz. (2012) Can we make sense of takotsubo cardiomyopathy? An update on pathogenesis, diagnosis and natural history. Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy 10:2, 215-221
49
Ruth Lindquist, Jackie L. Boucher, Elizabeth Zane Grey, Beth Cairns, Shalini Bobra, Denise Windenburg, Suma Konety, Kevin Graham, Russell Luepker, Sharonne N. Hayes. (2012) Eliminating untimely deaths of women from heart disease: Highlights from the Minnesota Women's Heart Summit. American Heart Journal 163:1, 39-48.e1
50
Bo Hu, Wei Li, Xingyu Wang, Lisheng Liu, Koon Teo, Salim Yusuf. (2012) Marital Status, Education, and Risk of Acute Myocardial Infarction in Mainland China: The INTER-HEART Study. Journal of Epidemiology 22:2, 123-129
51
Nitish Naik, Ambuj Roy, Annapoorna S. Kini. (2012) Interventional Management of ACS in Women: STEMI and NSTEMI. Interventional Cardiology Clinics 1:2, 173
52
Vijay Kunadian, Louise Coats, Annapoorna S. Kini, Roxana Mehran. (2012) Cardiogenic Shock in Women. Interventional Cardiology Clinics 1:2, 231
53
L. Kristin Newby, Pamela S. Douglas. Cardiovascular Disease in Women. In: Braunwald's Heart Disease: A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine. Elsevier, 2012:1757-1769.
54
Sukwon Hahn. (2012) Gender Differences in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention. Korean Journal of Critical Care Medicine 27:4, 230
55
Juerg Schwitter, Christian M Wacker, Norbert Wilke, Nidal Al-Saadi, Ekkehart Sauer, Kalman Huettle, Stefan O Schönberg, Kurt Debl, Oliver Strohm, Hakan Ahlstrom, Thorsten Dill, Nadja Hoebel, Tamas Simor, . (2012) Superior diagnostic performance of perfusion-cardiovascular magnetic resonance versus SPECT to detect coronary artery disease: The secondary endpoints of the multicenter multivendor MR-IMPACT II (Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Myocardial Perfusion Assessment in Coronary Artery Disease Trial). Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance 14:1, 61
56
M. Hochleitner. (2011) The role of oncology in the context to gender medicine. memo - Magazine of European Medical Oncology 4:4, 205-207
57
Lorena Olivencia Peña, Aurora Bueno Cavanillas, José Manuel Soto Blanco, María Eugenia Yuste Ossorio, Fernando Barranco Ruiz. (2011) Síndrome coronario agudo en la mujer. Diferencias de género. Medicina Clínica 137:14, 623-630
58
Nanette K. Wenger. (2011) Coronary Heart Disease in Men and Women: Does 1 Size Fit All? No!. Clinical Cardiology 34:11, 663-667
59
Rajendra H. Mehta, Amanda S. Stebbins, Renato D. Lopes, Robert M. Califf, Karen S. Pieper, Paul W. Armstrong, Frans Van de Werf, Judith S. Hochman, Harvey D. White, Eric J. Topol, John H. Alexander, Christopher B. Granger. (2011) Comparison of Incidence of Bleeding and Mortality of Men Versus Women With ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction Treated With Fibrinolysis. The American Journal of Cardiology
60
Hoa L. Nguyen, Jane S. Saczynski, Joel M. Gore, Molly E. Waring, Darleen Lessard, Jorge Yarzebski, George Reed, Frederick A. Spencer, Shu-xia Li, Robert J. Goldberg. (2011) Long-term Trends in Short-term Outcomes in Acute Myocardial Infarction. The American Journal of Medicine 124:10, 939-946
61
François Schiele, Nicolas Meneveau, Marie-France Seronde, Vincent Descotes-Genon, Romain Chopard, Sebastien Janin, Florent Briand, Alexandre Guignier, Fiona Ecarnot, Jean-Pierre Bassand. (2011) Propensity Score-Matched Analysis of Effects of Clinical Characteristics and Treatment on Gender Difference in Outcomes After Acute Myocardial Infarction. The American Journal of Cardiology 108:6, 789-798
62
Giuseppe Ferrante, Elena Corrada, Guido Belli, Dennis Zavalloni, Melania Scatturin, Marco Mennuni, Gabriele L. Gasparini, Luisa Bernardinelli, Daniela Cianci, Roberta Pastorino, Marco L. Rossi, Paolo Pagnotta, Patrizia Presbitero. (2011) Impact of Female Sex on Long-Term Outcomes in Patients With ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction Treated by Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention. Canadian Journal of Cardiology
63
Mayurkumar D Bhakta, Farouk Mookadam, Susan Wilansky. (2011) Cardiovascular disease in women. Future Cardiology 7:5, 613-627
64
Ali H. Al-Fiadh, Nick Andrianopoulos, Omar Farouque, Bryan P. Yan, Stephen J. Duffy, Kerrie Charter, Surat Tongyoo, Gishel New, Thomas Yip, Angela Brennan, George Proimos, Christopher M. Reid, Andrew E. Ajani, David J. Clark. (2011) Contemporary outcomes in women undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention for acute coronary syndromes. International Journal of Cardiology 151:2, 195-199
65
Nanette K. Wenger. (2011) Gender Differences in Cardiovascular Risk: A Varying Variable. Gender Medicine 8:4, 221-223
66
Juan Sanchis, Vicent Bodí, Julio Núñez, Eduardo Núñez, Xavier Bosch, Mauricio Pellicer, Magda Heras, Alfredo Bardají, Jaume Marrugat, Angel Llácer. (2011) Identification of very low risk chest pain using clinical data in the emergency department. International Journal of Cardiology 150:3, 260-263
67
Rachel Dreyer, Margaret Arstall, Rosanna Tavella, Claire Morgan, Andrew Weekes, John Beltrame. (2011) Gender Differences in Patients with Stable Angina attending Primary Care Practices. Heart, Lung and Circulation 20:7, 452-459
68
Hanna-Riikka Lehto, Seppo Lehto, Aki Samuli Havulinna, Matti Ketonen, Aapo Lehtonen, Yrjö Antero Kesäniemi, Kari Juhani Airaksinen, Veikko Salomaa. (2011) Sex differences in short- and long-term case-fatality of myocardial infarction. European Journal of Epidemiology
69
A. H. E. M. Maas, Y. T. van der Schouw, V. Regitz-Zagrosek, E. Swahn, Y. E. Appelman, G. Pasterkamp, H. ten Cate, P. M. Nilsson, M. V. Huisman, H. C. G. Stam, K. Eizema, M. Stramba-Badiale. (2011) Red alert for women's heart: the urgent need for more research and knowledge on cardiovascular disease in women: Proceedings of the Workshop held in Brussels on Gender Differences in Cardiovascular disease, 29 September 2010. European Heart Journal 32:11, 1362-1368
70
Jennifer S. Lawton. (2011) Sex and Gender Differences in Coronary Artery Disease. Seminars in Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 23:2, 126-130
71
Holli A. DeVon, Karen L. Saban, Donna K. Garrett. (2011) Recognizing and Responding to Symptoms of Acute Coronary Syndromes and Stroke in Women. Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, & Neonatal Nursing 40:3, 372-382
72
Stacie L Daugherty, Frederick A Masoudi, Jennifer L Ellis, P Michael Ho, Julie A Schmittdiel, Heather M Tavel, Joe V Selby, Patrick J OʼConnor, Karen L Margolis, David J Magid. (2011) Age-dependent gender differences in hypertension management. Journal of Hypertension 29:5, 1005-1011
73
Jacqueline E. Tamis-Holland, Jiang Lu, Vera Bittner, Michelle F. Magee, Neuza Lopes, Dale S. Adler, Kevin E. Kip, Leonard Schwartz, Yolanda A. Groenewoud, Alice K. Jacobs. (2011) Sex, Clinical Symptoms, and Angiographic Findings in Patients With Diabetes Mellitus and Coronary Artery Disease (from the Bypass Angioplasty Revascularization Investigation [BARI] 2 Diabetes Trial). The American Journal of Cardiology 107:7, 980-985
74
Hakim Benamer, Muriel Tafflet, Sophie Bataille, Sylvie Escolano, Bernard Livarek, Vincent Fourchard, Christophe Caussin, Emmanuel Teiger, Philippe Garot, Yves Lambert, Xavier Jouven, Christian Spaulding. (2011) Female gender is an independent predictor of in-hospital mortality after STEMI in the era of primary PCI: insights from the greater Paris area PCI Registry. EuroIntervention 6:9, 1073-1079
75
Nathaniel R. Smilowitz, Barbara A. Sampson, Christopher R. Abrecht, Jonathan S. Siegfried, Judith S. Hochman, Harmony R. Reynolds. (2011) Women have less severe and extensive coronary atherosclerosis in fatal cases of ischemic heart disease: An autopsy study. American Heart Journal 161:4, 681-688
76
Rebecca D. Levit, Harmony R. Reynolds, Judith S. Hochman. (2011) Cardiovascular Disease in Young Women. Cardiology in Review 19:2, 60-65
77
Jimmy Johannes, C. Noel Bairey Merz. (2011) Is Cardiovascular Disease in Women Inevitable?. Cardiology in Review 19:2, 76-80
78
Y. Plakht, H. Gilutz, A. Shiyovich, D. Zahger, S. Weitzman. (2011) Gender and ethnic disparities in outcome following acute myocardial infarction among Bedouins and Jews in Southern Israel. The European Journal of Public Health 21:1, 74-80
79
Patricia K. Nguyen, Divya Nag, Joseph C. Wu. (2011) Sex differences in the diagnostic evaluation of coronary artery disease. Journal of Nuclear Cardiology 18:1, 144-152
80
SeungHye Han, Greg S Martin, James P Maloney, Carl Shanholtz, Kathleen C Barnes, Stacey Murray, Jonathan E Sevransky. (2011) Short women with severe sepsis-related acute lung injury receive lung protective ventilation less frequently: an observational cohort study. Critical Care 15:6, R262
81
Elizabeth A. Jackson, Mauro Moscucci, Dean E. Smith, David Share, Simon Dixon, Adam Greenbaum, Paul M. Grossman, Hitinder S. Gurm. (2011) The association of sex with outcomes among patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention for ST elevation myocardial infarction in the contemporary era: Insights from the Blue Cross Blue Shield of Michigan Cardiovascular Consortium (BMC2). American Heart Journal 161:1, 106-112.e1
82
Shao-Sung Huang, Ying-Hwa Chen, Tse-Min Lu, Tao-Cheng Wu, Min-Ji Charng, Jaw-Wen Chen, Ju-Pin Pan, Shing-Jong Lin. (2011) Effect of invasive strategy on different genders of chinese patients with non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction. Catheterization and Cardiovascular Interventionsn/a-n/a
83
Raza H. Orakzai, Chrisandra L. Shufelt, Leslee J. Shaw, C. Noel Bairey Merz. Prevention of Ischemic Heart Disease in Women. In: Preventive Cardiology: Companion to Braunwald's Heart Disease. Elsevier, 2011:398-414.
84
Pamela J. Bradshaw, Karin Schenck-Gustafsson. Gender issues in the coronary care unit. In: Coronary Care Manual. Elsevier, 2011:645-648.
85
Chiara Leuzzi, Giuseppe Massimo Sangiorgi, Maria Grazia Modena. (2010) Gender-specific aspects in the clinical presentation of cardiovascular disease. Fundamental & Clinical Pharmacology 24:6, 711-717
86
Jan Bucerius, Alexius Y. Joe, Ellen Herder, Holger Brockmann, Michael J. Reinhardt, Holger Palmedo, Klaus Tiemann, Hans-Jürgen Biersack. (2010) Significant Association of Female Gender with Lower Degree of Pathological 99mTc-sestamibi Scintigraphy Results as well as Higher Cardiac-Related Deaths Free Survival in Elderly Patients. Medizinische Klinik 105:12, 901-909
87
B. Weingessel, J. Fischl, P. V. Vécsei-Marlovits. (2010) Gibt es geschlechtsspezifische Unterschiede bei rhegmatogener Ablatio retinae?. Spektrum der Augenheilkunde 24:6, 316-321
88
A.H.E.M. Maas, Y.E.A. Appelman. (2010) Gender differences in coronary heart disease. Netherlands Heart Journal 18:12, 598-603
89
Frank Zimmermann-Viehoff, Kristina Orth-Gomer, Hui-Xin Wang, Hans-Christian Deter, Melanie Merswolken, Zainab Ghadiyali, Cora S. Weber. (2010) Depressive symptoms and heart rate variability in younger women after an acute coronary event. European Journal of Cardiovascular Prevention & Rehabilitation 17:5, 509-513
90
Giuseppe Luca, C. Michael Gibson, Mariann Gyöngyösi, Uwe Zeymer, Dariusz Dudek, Hans-Richard Arntz, Francesco Bellandi, Mauro Maioli, Marko Noc, Simona Zorman, H. Mesquita Gabriel, Ayse Emre, Donald Cutlip, Tomasz Rakowski, Kurt Huber, Arnoud W. J. van’t Hof. (2010) Gender-related differences in outcome after ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction treated by primary angioplasty and glycoprotein IIb–IIIa inhibitors: insights from the EGYPT cooperation. Journal of Thrombosis and Thrombolysis 30:3, 342-346
91
Mark Doyle, Nicole Weinberg, Gerald M. Pohost, C. Noel Bairey Merz, Leslee J. Shaw, George Sopko, Anthon Fuisz, William J. Rogers, Edward G. Walsh, B. Delia Johnson, Barry L. Sharaf, Carl J. Pepine, Sunil Mankad, Steven E. Reis, Diane A. Vido, Geetha Rayarao, Vera Bittner, Lindsey Tauxe, Marian B. Olson, Sheryl F. Kelsey, Robert W.W. Biederman. (2010) Prognostic Value of Global MR Myocardial Perfusion Imaging in Women With Suspected Myocardial Ischemia and No Obstructive Coronary Disease. JACC: Cardiovascular Imaging 3:10, 1030-1036
92
Vickie A. Miracle. (2010) Coronary Artery Disease in Women. Dimensions of Critical Care Nursing 29:5, 215-221
93
, Juan Mercado-Martínez, Ricardo Rivera-Fernández, Eduardo Aguilar-Alonso, Ángel García-Alcántara, Andrés Estivill-Torrull, Agustín Aranda-León, María Consuelo Guia-Rambla, Mari Paz Fuset-Cabanes. (2010) APACHE-II score and Killip class for patients with acute myocardial infarction. Intensive Care Medicine 36:9, 1579-1586
94
Hoa L. Nguyen, Robert J. Goldberg, Joel M. Gore, Keith A.A. Fox, Kim A. Eagle, Enrique P. Gurfinkel, Frederick A. Spencer, George Reed, Ann Quill, Frederick A. Anderson. (2010) Age and sex differences, and changing trends, in the use of evidence-based therapies in acute coronary syndromes: perspectives from a multinational registry. Coronary Artery Disease 21:6, 336-344
95
Neel P. Chokshi, Sohah N. Iqbal, Rachel L. Berger, Judith S. Hochman, Frederick Feit, James N. Slater, Ivan Pena-Sing, Leonid Yatskar, Norma M. Keller, Anvar Babaev, Michael J. Attubato, Harmony R. Reynolds. (2010) Sex and Race Are Associated With the Absence of Epicardial Coronary Artery Obstructive Disease at Angiography in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndromes. Clinical Cardiology 33:8, 495-501
96
Yu-Hsuan Shao, Sherryl K. Croitor, Abel E. Moreyra, Alan C. Wilson, William J. Kostis, Nora M. Cosgrove, John B. Kostis. (2010) Comparison of Hospital Versus Out of Hospital Coronary Death Rates in Women and Men. The American Journal of Cardiology 106:1, 26-30
97
C. Noel Bairey Merz, Saralyn Mark, Barbara D. Boyan, Alice K. Jacobs, Prediman K. Shah, Leslee J. Shaw, Doris Taylor, Eduardo Marbán. (2010) Proceedings from the Scientific Symposium: Sex Differences in Cardiovascular Disease and Implications for Therapies. Journal of Women's Health 19:6, 1059-1072
98
Valeria Rac, Gerald Kierzek, Laurie J. Morrison. (2010) Gender Differences in the Treatment of Non-ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction. Clinical Cardiology 33:6, 378-378
99
Daniel P Sieveking, Renée WY Chow, Martin KC Ng. (2010) Androgens, angiogenesis and cardiovascular regeneration. Current Opinion in Endocrinology, Diabetes and Obesity 17:3, 277-283
100
B. Heidecker, G. Lamirault, E. K. Kasper, I. S. Wittstein, H. C. Champion, E. Breton, S. D. Russell, J. Hall, M. M. Kittleson, K. L. Baughman, J. M. Hare. (2010) The gene expression profile of patients with new-onset heart failure reveals important gender-specific differences. European Heart Journal 31:10, 1188-1196
101
Cynthia Arslanian-Engoren, Bonnie Hagerty, Cathy L. Antonakos, Kim A. Eagle. (2010) The feasibility and utility of the aid to cardiac triage intervention to improve nurses' cardiac triage decisions. Heart & Lung: The Journal of Acute and Critical Care 39:3, 201-207
102
Krisztina D. László, Imre Janszky, Staffan Ahnve. (2010) Anger expression and prognosis after a coronary event in women. International Journal of Cardiology 140:1, 60-65
103
Calum Redpath, Christie Sambell, Ian Stiell, Helen Johansen, Kathryn Williams, Rafeeq Samie, Martin Green, Michael Gollob, Robert Lemery, David Birnie. (2010) In-hospital mortality in 13,263 survivors of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in Canada. American Heart Journal 159:4, 577-583.e1
104
José Galcerá Tomás, Antonio Melgarejo Moreno. (2010) Edad avanzada, sexo femenino, infarto con ST elevado y ausencia de tratamiento de reperfusión: una mala combinación pronóstica. Medicina Clínica 134:8, 350-352
105
Krischan Sjauw, Nienke Stegenga, Annemarie Engström, René van der Schaaf, Marije Vis, Alexander Macleod, Jan Jr. Baan, Karel Koch, Robbert de Winter, Jan Tijssen, Jan Piek, José Henriques. (2010) The influence of gender on short- and long-term outcome after primary PCI and delivered medical care for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. EuroIntervention 5:7, 780-787
106
Chizobam Ani, Deyu Pan, David Martins, Bruce Ovbiagele. (2010) Age- and Sex-Specific In-Hospital Mortality after Myocardial Infarction in Routine Clinical Practice. Cardiology Research and Practice 2010, 1-11
107
Nancy A. Nussmeier, Michael C. Hauser, Muhammad F. Sarwar, Alina M. Grigore, Bruce E. Searles. Anesthesia for Cardiac Surgical Procedures. In: Miller's Anesthesia. Elsevier, 2010:1889-1975.
108
John P. Konhilas. (2010) What We Know and Do Not Know about Sex and Cardiac Disease. Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology 2010, 1-11
109
H. Benamer, N. Salvatella, A. Alzayat, H. Thomas. (2009) Voie d’abord radiale en cardiologie interventionnelle chez la femme. Annales de Cardiologie et d'Angéiologie 58:6, 338-343
110
Alex R. Hobson, Zeshan Qureshi, Phil Banks, Nick Curzen. (2009) Gender and Responses to Aspirin and Clopidogrel: Insights Using Short Thrombelastography. Cardiovascular Therapeutics 27:4, 246-252
111
Jet J. C. S. Veldhuijzen Zanten, Douglas Carroll, Christopher Ring. (2009) Mental stress-induced haemoconcentration in women: Effects of menstrual cycle phase. British Journal of Health Psychology 14:4, 805-816
112
Stefan Zimmermann, Susanne Ruthrof, Kathrin Nowak, Anna Alff, Lutz Klinghammer, Reinhard Schneider, Josef Ludwig, Annette B. Pfahlberg, Werner G. Daniel, Frank A. Flachskampf. (2009) Short-term prognosis of contemporary interventional therapy of ST-elevation myocardial infarction: does gender matter?. Clinical Research in Cardiology 98:11, 709-715
113
Sharonne N Hayes. (2009) Broken-hearted women: the complex relationship between depression and cardiovascular disease. Women's Health 5:6, 709-725
114
Leslee J. Shaw, Raffaelle Bugiardini, C. Noel Bairey Merz. (2009) Women and Ischemic Heart Disease. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 54:17, 1561-1575
115
Jørund Langørgen, Jannicke Igland, Stein Emil Vollset, Maria Averina, Jan Erik Nordrehaug, Grethe S. Tell, Lorentz M. Irgens, Ottar Nygård. (2009) Short-term and long-term case fatality in 11 878 patients hospitalized with a first acute myocardial infarction, 1979–2001: the Western Norway cardiovascular registry. European Journal of Cardiovascular Prevention & Rehabilitation 16:5, 621-627
116
D. H. Kwon, C. M. Halley, Z. B. Popovic, T. P. Carrigan, V. Zysek, R. Setser, P. Schoenhagen, S. D. Flamm, R. C. Starling, M. Y. Desai. (2009) Gender differences in survival in patients with severe left ventricular dysfunction despite similar extent of myocardial scar measured on cardiac magnetic resonance. European Journal of Heart Failure 11:10, 937-944
117
Robert A Fowler, Woganee Filate, Michael Hartleib, David W Frost, Chris Lazongas, Michelle Hladunewich. (2009) Sex and critical illness. Current Opinion in Critical Care 15:5, 442-449
118
Saman Rasoul, Jan Paul Ottervanger, Menko-Jan de Boer, Jan-Henk E. Dambrink, Jan C.A. Hoorntje, A.T. Marcel Gosselink, Felix Zijlstra, Harry Suryapranata, Arnoud W.J. van ʼt Hof. (2009) Predictors of 30-day and 1-year mortality after primary percutaneous coronary intervention for ST-elevation myocardial infarction. Coronary Artery Disease 20:6, 415-421
119
Juzar O. Lokhandwala, Kimberly A. Skelding. (2009) Sex Differences in Percutaneous Coronary Interventions. Journal of Cardiovascular Translational Research 2:3, 300-305
120
A. J. Hogarth, L. N. Graham, D. A.S.G. Mary, J. P. Greenwood. (2009) Gender differences in sympathetic neural activation following uncomplicated acute myocardial infarction. European Heart Journal 30:14, 1764-1770
121
Angela Migliorini, Giampaolo Cerisano, Piergiovanni Buonamici, Guia Moschi. Major Subgroups at Presentation. In: Primary Angioplasty: Mechanical Interventions for Acute Myocardial Infarction. Informa Healthcare, 2009:15-44.
122
Yoshinobu Onuma, Neville Kukreja, Joost Daemen, Hector M. Garcia-Garcia, Nieves Gonzalo, Jin Ming Cheng, Piet Hein van Twisk, Ron van Domburg, Patrick W. Serruys. (2009) Impact of Sex on 3-Year Outcome After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Using Bare-Metal and Drug-Eluting Stents in Previously Untreated Coronary Artery Disease. JACC: Cardiovascular Interventions 2:7, 603-610
123
N. Ouhoummane, B. Abdous, V. Émond, P. Poirier. (2009) Impact of diabetes and gender on survival after acute myocardial infarction in the Province of Quebec, Canada-a population-based study. Diabetic Medicine 26:6, 609-616
124
Stephanie Wheeler, Jennie D. Bowen, Charles Maynard, Elliot Lowy, Haili Sun, Anne E. Sales, Nicholas L. Smith, Stephan D. Fihn. (2009) Women Veterans and Outcomes after Acute Myocardial Infarction. Journal of Women's Health 18:5, 613-618
125
Ayman A El-Menyar, Jassim Al Suwaidi. (2009) Impact of gender in patients with acute coronary syndrome. Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy 7:4, 411-421
126
Alan M. Weiss. (2009) Cardiovascular Disease in Women. Primary Care: Clinics in Office Practice 36:1, 73-102
127
Elizabeth D. Luczak, Leslie A. Leinwand. (2009) Sex-Based Cardiac Physiology. Annual Review of Physiology 71:1, 1-18
128
Yves G. C. J. America, Jeroen J. Bax, Eric Boersma, Marcel Stokkel, Ernst E. Wall. (2009) The additive prognostic value of perfusion and functional data assessed by quantitative gated SPECT in women. Journal of Nuclear Cardiology 16:1, 10-19
129
Emily T. Lemelin, Ana V. Diez Roux, Tracy G. Franklin, Mercedes Carnethon, Pamela L. Lutsey, Hanyu Ni, Ellen O'Meara, Sandi Shrager. (2009) Life-course socioeconomic positions and subclinical atherosclerosis in the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis. Social Science & Medicine 68:3, 444-451
130
Nausheen Akhter, Sarah Milford-Beland, Matthew T. Roe, Robert N. Piana, John Kao, Adhir Shroff. (2009) Gender differences among patients with acute coronary syndromes undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention in the American College of Cardiology-National Cardiovascular Data Registry (ACC-NCDR). American Heart Journal 157:1, 141-148
131
Per Mølstad. (2009) Coronary heart disease in women: Less extensive disease and improved long-term survival compared to men. Scandinavian Cardiovascular Journal 43:1, 10-16
132
H. Benamer, B. Chevalier, M.-C. Morice. (2008) L’angioplastie coronaire chez la femme. Annales de Cardiologie et d'Angéiologie 57:6, 371-375
133
Ki Hong Lee, Myung Ho Jeong, Young Keun Ahn, Jong Hyun Kim, Shung Chull Chae, Young Jo Kim, Seung Ho Hur, In Whan Seong, Taek Jong Hong, Donghoon Choi, Myeong Chan Cho, Chong Jin Kim, Ki Bae Seung, Wook Sung Chung, Yang Soo Jang, Jeong Gwan Cho, Seung Jung Park. (2008) Gender differences of success rate of percutaneous coronary intervention and short term cardiac events in Korea Acute Myocardial Infarction Registry. International Journal of Cardiology 130:2, 227-234
134
Krisztina D. László, Imre Janszky, Staffan Ahnve. (2008) Income and recurrent events after a coronary event in women. European Journal of Epidemiology 23:10, 669-680
135
R. Calvo-Embuena, C. González-Monte, J. Latour-Pérez, J. Benítez-Parejo, V. Lacueva-Moya, M.J. Broch-Porcar, S. Ferrandis-Badía, V. López-Camps, V. Parra-Rodríguez, E. Gómez-Martínez, M.Á. García-García, D. Arizo-León. (2008) Desigualdad de esfuerzo terapéutico en mujeres con infarto agudo de miocardio: 10 años después. Medicina Intensiva 32:7, 329-336
136
Rekha Mankad, Patricia JM Best. (2008) Cardiovascular disease in older women: a challenge in diagnosis and treatment. Women's Health 4:5, 449-464
137
Niels Engberding, Nanette K Wenger. (2008) Cardiovascular disease prevention tailored for women. Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy 6:8, 1123-1134
138
Earl S. Ford, Ali H. Mokdad, Chaoyang Li, Lisa C. McGuire, Tara W. Strine, Catherine A. Okoro, David W. Brown, Matthew M. Zack. (2008) Gender Differences in Coronary Heart Disease and Health-Related Quality of Life: Findings from 10 States from the 2004 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Journal of Women's Health 17:5, 757-768
139
Riccardo Bigi, Lauro Cortigiani, Dario Gregori, Cesare Fiorentini. (2008) The Stress-Recovery Index for the risk stratification of women with typical chest pain. International Journal of Cardiology 127:1, 64-69
140
Rajendra H. Mehta, Vincent J. Bufalino, Wenqin Pan, Adrian F. Hernandez, Christopher P. Cannon, Gregg C. Fonarow, Eric D. Peterson. (2008) Achieving rapid reperfusion with primary percutaneous coronary intervention remains a challenge: Insights from American Heart Association's Get With the Guidelines program. American Heart Journal 155:6, 1059-1067
141
Soko Setoguchi, Daniel H. Solomon, Raisa Levin, Wolfgang C. Winkelmayer. (2008) Gender Differences in the Management and Prognosis of Myocardial Infarction Among Patients ≥ 65 Years of Age. The American Journal of Cardiology 101:11, 1531-1536
142
F. Turnbull, M. Woodward, B. Neal, F. Barzi, T. Ninomiya, J. Chalmers, V. Perkovic, N. Li, S. MacMahon, . (2008) Do men and women respond differently to blood pressure-lowering treatment? Results of prospectively designed overviews of randomized trials. European Heart Journal 29:21, 2669-2680
143
Leslie Cho, Byron Hoogwerf, Julie Huang, Danielle M. Brennan, Stanley L. Hazen. (2008) Gender Differences in Utilization of Effective Cardiovascular Secondary Prevention: A Cleveland Clinic Prevention Database Study. Journal of Women's Health 17:4, 515-521
144
KEVIN J. MILNE, EARL G. NOBLE. (2008) Response of the Myocardium to Exercise. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 40:4, 655-663
145
Halime Celik, Tineke A. Abma, Guy A. Widdershoven, Frans C.B. van Wijmen, Ineke Klinge. (2008) Implementation of diversity in healthcare practices: Barriers and opportunities. Patient Education and Counseling 71:1, 65-71
146
Syed M. Tahir, Lori L. Price, Pinak B. Shah, Frederick G.P. Welt. (2008) Eighteen Year (1985–2002) Analysis of Incidence, Mortality, and Cardiac Procedure Outcomes of Acute Myocardial Infarction in Patients ≥ 65 Years of Age. The American Journal of Cardiology 101:7, 930-936
147
Su Jin Lee, Kyung-Han Lee, So-Mi Park, Eun Jeong Lee, Hyun Woo Chung, Young Seok Cho, Joon Young Choi, Byung-Tae Kim. (2008) Myocardial perfusion defects and coronary risk factors in symptomatic and asymptomatic elderly women. The International Journal of Cardiovascular Imaging 24:3, 277-281
148
J.J. Ferrer-Hita, A. Domínguez-Rodríguez, M.J. García-González, P. Abreu-González, S. Samimi-Fard, F. Marrero-Rodríguez. (2008) El género femenino es un predictor independiente de la mortalidad intrahospitalaria en pacientes con infarto agudo de miocardio con elevación del segmento ST revascularizado mediante una angioplastia primaria. Medicina Intensiva 32:3, 110-114
149
Katalin Gémes, Staffan Ahnve, Imre Janszky. (2008) Inflammation a possible link between economical stress and coronary heart disease. European Journal of Epidemiology 23:2, 95-103
150
N K Wenger, L J Shaw, V Vaccarino. (2008) Coronary Heart Disease in Women: Update 2008. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics 83:1, 37-51
151
Toshiro Katayama, Yoshihiro Iwasaki, Naoya Sakoda, Masato Yoshioka. (2008) The Etiology of ‘Smoker’s Paradox’ in Acute Myocardial Infarction With Special Emphasis on the Association With Inflammation. International Heart Journal 49:1, 13-24
152
Mercedes K. C. Dullum, Mercedes K. D. Dullum. (2008) Confusion in Revascularization. Cardiology in Review 16:1, 30-35
153
Michael W. Tempelhof, L Kristin Newby. (2008) Platelet Inhibitors. Cardiology in Review 16:1, 23-29
154
Olesja Nedic, Karen Belkic, Danka Filipovic, Neda Jocic. (2008) Gender as a key effect modifier of the relationship between physician work stressors and the acquired cardiovascular disorders. Medicinski pregled 61:7-8, 343-349
155
D. Strödter. (2007) Prämature Atherosklerose. Gefässchirurgie 12:6, 401-412
156
Lori A. Blauwet, Rita F. Redberg. (2007) The Role of Sex-Specific Results Reporting in Cardiovascular Disease. Cardiology in Review 15:6, 275-278
157
W F Coutinho. (2007) The obese older female patient: CV risk and the SCOUT study. International Journal of Obesity 31, S26-S30
158
Stanley Chia, O. Christopher Raffel, Masamichi Takano, Guillermo J. Tearney, Brett E. Bouma, Ik-Kyung Jang. (2007) In-vivo comparison of coronary plaque characteristics using optical coherence tomography in women vs. men with acute coronary syndrome. Coronary Artery Disease 18:6, 423-427
159
Sunao Kojima, Tohru Funahashi, Fumiyuki Otsuka, Hidetomo Maruyoshi, Takuro Yamashita, Ichiro Kajiwara, Hideki Shimomura, Yuji Miyao, Kazuteru Fujimoto, Seigo Sugiyama, Tomohiro Sakamoto, Michihiro Yoshimura, Hisao Ogawa. (2007) Future adverse cardiac events can be predicted by persistently low plasma adiponectin concentrations in men and marked reductions of adiponectin in women after acute myocardial infarction. Atherosclerosis 194:1, 204-213
160
Mahesh J. Patel, James A. de Lemos, Binu Philips, Sabina A. Murphy, Patrice C. Vaeth, Darren K. McGuire, Amit Khera. (2007) Implications of family history of myocardial infarction in young women. American Heart Journal 154:3, 454-460
161
Women and Coronary Heart Disease. In: Comprehensive Management of High Risk Cardiovascular Patients. CRC Press, 2007:689-719.
162
John W Albarran, Brenda A Clarke, Jenny Crawford. (2007) ?It was not chest pain really, I can't explain it!? An exploratory study on the nature of symptoms experienced by women during their myocardial infarction. Journal of Clinical Nursing 16:7, 1292-1301
163
Kailash Prasad, Paul Lee. (2007) Suppression of hypercholesterolemic atherosclerosis by pentoxifylline and its mechanism. Atherosclerosis 192:2, 313-322
164
Martin K.C. Ng. (2007) New Perspectives on Mars and Venus: Unravelling the Role of Androgens in Gender Differences in Cardiovascular Biology and Disease. Heart, Lung and Circulation 16:3, 185-192
165
Nicole Lindenblatt, Uwe Platz, Jörn Hameister, Ernst Klar, Michael D. Menger, Brigitte Vollmar. (2007) Distinct effects of acute and chronic nicotine application on microvascular thrombus formation and endothelial function in male and female mice. Langenbeck's Archives of Surgery 392:3, 285-295
166
Stephen J. Nicholls, Kathy Wolski, Ilke Sipahi, Paul Schoenhagen, Timothy Crowe, Samir R. Kapadia, Stanley L. Hazen, E. Murat Tuzcu, Steven E. Nissen. (2007) Rate of Progression of Coronary Atherosclerotic Plaque in Women. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 49:14, 1546-1551
167
Rahman Shah, Yun Wang, Frederick A. Masoudi, JoAnne M. Foody. (2007) Sex and Racial Differences in Outcomes and Guideline-Based Management of Troponin-Only-Positive Acute Myocardial Infarction in Older Persons. The American Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 16:2, 97-105
168
Janice Barnhart, Vivian Lewis, Jan Laws Houghton, Pamela Charney. (2007) Physician Knowledge Levels and Barriers to Coronary Risk Prevention in Women. Women's Health Issues 17:2, 93-100
169
Cynthia Arslanian-Engoren, Milo Engoren. (2007) Using a Genetic Algorithm to Predict Evaluation of Acute Coronary Syndromes. Nursing Research 56:2, 82-88
170
Hideaki Kaneda, Junya Ako, Toru Kataoka, Takefumi Takahashi, Mitsuyasu Terashima, Katsuhisa Waseda, Akiyoshi Miyazawa, Ali H.M. Hassan, Yasuhiro Honda, Paul G. Yock, Peter J. Fitzgerald. (2007) Impact of Gender on Neointimal Hyperplasia Following Coronary Artery Stenting. The American Journal of Cardiology 99:4, 491-493
171
Helen Jeanes, David Newby, Gillian A Gray. (2007) Cardiovascular risk in women: the impact of hormone replacement therapy and prospects for new therapeutic approaches. Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy 8:3, 279-288
172
Terry Ann Chambers, Aisha Bagai, Natalia Ivascu. (2007) Current trends in coronary artery disease in women. Current Opinion in Anaesthesiology 20:1, 75-82
173
F. Al-Khalili, I. Janszky, A. Andersson, B. Svane, K. Schenck-Gustafsson. (2007) Physical activity and exercise performance predict long-term prognosis in middle-aged women surviving acute coronary syndrome. Journal of Internal Medicine 261:2,
174
Demosthenes B. Panagiotakos, Christos Pitsavos, Georgia Kourlaba, Yannis Mantas, Spyros Zombolos, Yannis Kogias, Antonis Antonoulas, Petros Stravopodis, Christodoulos Stefanadis. (2007) Sex-related characteristics in hospitalized patients with acute coronary syndromes – the Greek Study of Acute Coronary Syndromes (GREECS). Heart and Vessels 22:1, 9-15
175
P. Piscitelli, G. Iolascon, F. Gimigliano, M. Muratore, P. Camboa, O. Borgia, B. Forcina, F. Fitto, V. Robaud, G. Termini, G. B. Rini, E. Gianicolo, A. Faino, M. Rossini, S. Adami, A. Angeli, A. Distante, S. Gatto, R. Gimigliano, G. Guida, . (2007) Incidence and costs of hip fractures compared to acute myocardial infarction in the Italian population: a 4-year survey. Osteoporosis International 18:2, 211-219
176
Yuval Konstantino, Elvira Chen, David Hasdai, Valentina Boyko, Alexander Battler, Solomon Behar, Moti Haim. (2007) Gender differences in mortality after acute myocardial infarction with mild to moderate heart failure. Acute Cardiac Care 9:1, 43-47
177
Ki Hong Lee, Myung Ho Jeong, Young Keun Ahn, Jong Hyun Kim, Shung Chull Chae, Young Jo Kim, Seung Ho Hur, In Whan Seong, Taek Jong Hong, Dong Hoon Choi, Myeong Chan Cho, Chong Jin Kim, Ki Bae Seung, Wook Sung Chung, Yang Soo Jang, Jeong Gwan Cho, Seung Jung Park, . (2007) Sex Differences of the Clinical Characteristics and Early Management in the Korea Acute Myocardial Infarction Registry. Korean Circulation Journal 37:2, 64
178
Ruchira Glaser, Faith Selzer, Alice K. Jacobs, Warren K. Laskey, Sheryl F. Kelsey, Elizabeth M. Holper, Howard A. Cohen, J. Dawn Abbott, Robert L. Wilensky. (2006) Effect of Gender on Prognosis Following Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for Stable Angina Pectoris and Acute Coronary Syndromes. The American Journal of Cardiology 98:11, 1446-1450
179
José Hurtado-Martínez, Eduardo Pinar-Bermúdez, Francisca Teruel-Carrillo, Juan R. Gimeno-Blanes, Javier Lacunza-Ruiz, Raúl Valdesuso, Arcadio García-Alberola, Mariano Valdés-Chavarri. (2006) Mortalidad a corto y largo plazo en mujeres con infarto de miocardio tratado con angioplastia primaria. Revista Española de Cardiología 59:11, 1113-1122
180
Michael Christ, Kirsten Laule-Kilian, Willibald Hochholzer, Theresia Klima, Tobias Breidthardt, Andre P. Perruchoud, Christian Mueller. (2006) Gender-Specific Risk Stratification With B-Type Natriuretic Peptide Levels in Patients With AcuteDyspnea. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 48:9, 1808-1812
181
Morten B. Sorensen, Stephen Franks, Carole Robertson, Dudley J. Pennell, Peter Collins. (2006) Severe endothelial dysfunction in young women with polycystic ovary syndrome is only partially explained by known cardiovascular risk factors. Clinical Endocrinology 65:5, 655-659
182
Jeffrey S. Berger, David L. Brown. (2006) Gender–Age Interaction in Early Mortality Following Primary Angioplasty for Acute Myocardial Infarction†. The American Journal of Cardiology 98:9, 1140-1143
183
F. Mghaieth, H. Aloui, S. Chabrak, S. Ammar, S. Abid, N. Larbi, M.-N. Kafsi, R. Mechmeche. (2006) Pronostic hospitalier de l'infarctus du myocarde : comparaison de deux périodes à dix ans d'intervalle. Annales de Cardiologie et d'Angéiologie 55:5, 241-245
184
Sharonne N Hayes. (2006) Identification of women with heart disease: a missed opportunity. Nature Clinical Practice Cardiovascular Medicine 3:10, 522-523
185
Vera Bittner. Women and Coronary Heart Disease. Informa Healthcare, 2006:689-720.
186
Huiberdina L. Koek, Agnes de Bruin, Fred Gast, Evelien Gevers, Jan W.P.F. Kardaun, Johannes B. Reitsma, Diederick E. Grobbee, Michiel L. Bots. (2006) Short- and Long-Term Prognosis After Acute Myocardial Infarction in Men Versus Women. The American Journal of Cardiology 98:8, 993-999
187
Vickie A. Miracle. (2006) Coronary Artery Disease in Women. Dimensions of Critical Care Nursing 25:5, 209-215
188
Xiao-Jun Du, Lu Fang, Helen Kiriazis. (2006) Sex dimorphism in cardiac pathophysiology: Experimental findings, hormonal mechanisms, and molecular mechanisms. Pharmacology & Therapeutics 111:2, 434-475
189
Edgar Argulian, Amar D. Patel, Jerome L. Abramson, Aniket Kulkarni, Kimberly Champney, Spencer Palmer, William Weintraub, Nanette K. Wenger, Viola Vaccarino. (2006) Gender Differences in Short-Term Cardiovascular Outcomes After Percutaneous Coronary Interventions. The American Journal of Cardiology 98:1, 48-53
190
Tobias Heer, Anselm K. Gitt, Claus Juenger, Rudolf Schiele, Harm Wienbergen, Frank Towae, Martin Gottwitz, Ralph Zahn, Uwe Zeymer, Jochen Senges. (2006) Gender Differences in Acute Non–ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction. The American Journal of Cardiology 98:2, 160-166
191
Susanne S. Pedersen, Andrew T.L. Ong, Pedro A. Lemos, Ruud A.M. Erdman, Patrick W. Serruys, Ron T. van Domburg. (2006) Risk factors for impaired health status differ in women and men treated with percutaneous coronary intervention in the drug-eluting stent era. Journal of Psychosomatic Research 61:1, 11-17
192
VIRGINIA TSAPAKI, ATHANASSIOS MAGGINAS, ELISEO VANO, SOPHIA KOTTOU, EMMANOUIL PAPADAKIS, PARASKEVI DAFNOMILI, ELENA KYROZI, NIKOLAOS KOLLAROS, VASSILIKI NEOFOTISTOU, DENNIS COKKINOS. (2006) Factors That Influence Radiation Dose in Percutaneous Coronary Intervention. Journal of Interventional Cardiology 19:3, 237-244
193
Theresa Capriotti. (2006) Inadequate Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Women with Physical Disabilities. Rehabilitation Nursing 31:3, 94-101
194
Lori d’Agincourt-Canning, Patricia Baird. (2006) Genetic testing for hereditary cancers: The impact of gender on interest, uptake and ethical considerations. Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology 58:2, 114-123
195
Vera Regitz-Zagrosek. (2006) Therapeutic implications of the gender-specific aspects of cardiovascular disease. Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 5:5, 425-239
196
Rosa A. Hernández Antolín, José E. Rodríguez Hernández. (2006) Estrategias de revascularización: importancia del sexo. Revista Española de Cardiología 59:5, 487-501
197
Magda Heras. (2006) Cardiopatía isquémica en la mujer: presentación clínica, pruebas diagnósticas y tratamiento de los síndromes coronarios agudos. Revista Española de Cardiología 59:4, 371-381
198
Nanette K Wenger. (2006) Coronary heart disease in women: highlights of the past 2 years—stepping stones, milestones and obstructing boulders. Nature Clinical Practice Cardiovascular Medicine 3:4, 194-202
199
Catherine E. Cooke, William J. Hammerash. (2006) Retrospective review of sex differences in the management of dyslipidemia in coronary heart disease: An analysis of patient data from a Maryland-based health maintenance organization. Clinical Therapeutics 28:4, 591-599
200
Jaume Marrugat, Joan Sala, Jaime Aboal. (2006) Epidemiología de las enfermedades cardiovasculares en la mujer. Revista Española de Cardiología 59:3, 264-274
201
Hiroaki Kawano, Hirofumi Soejima, Sunao Kojima, Akira Kitagawa, Hisao Ogawa, Japanese Acute Coronary Syndrome St. (2006) Sex Differences of Risk Factors for Acute Myocardial Infarction in Japanese Patients. Circulation Journal 70:5, 513-517
202
Jafna L. Cox, Iqbal R. Bata, Ronald D. Gregor, David E. Johnstone, Hermann K. Wolf. (2006) Trends in event rate and case fatality of patients hospitalized with myocardial infarction between 1984 and 2001This paper is one of a selection of papers published in this Special Issue, entitled Young Investigator's Forum.. Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 84:1, 121-127
203
Giuseppe Cocco, David Chu. (2006) The Anti-Ischemic Effect of Metoprolol in Patients with Chronic Angina Pectoris Is Gender-Specific. Cardiology 106:3, 147-153
204
Michael P. Czubryt, Leon Espira, Lise Lamoureux, Bernard Abrenica. (2006) The role of sex in cardiac function and diseaseThis paper is one of a selection of papers published in this Special Issue, entitled Young Investigator's Forum.. Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 84:1, 93-109
205
M. Arnold, M.-G. Bousser. (2006) Accidents vasculaires cérébraux chez la femme. EMC - Neurologie 3:3, 1-14
206
Thomas F. Whayne. (2005) Women and Cardiovascular Disease—Prevention of Heart Disease. International Journal of Angiology 14:4, 218-224
207
Imre Janszky, Mats Lekander, May Blom, Anastasia Georgiades, Staffan Ahnve. (2005) Self-rated health and vital exhaustion, but not depression, is related to inflammation in women with coronary heart disease. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity 19:6, 555-563
208
A. Dotevall, D. Hasdai, L. Wallentin, A. Battler, A. Rosengren. (2005) Diabetes mellitus: clinical presentation and outcome in men and women with acute coronary syndromes. Data from the Euro Heart Survey ACS. Diabetic Medicine 22:11, 1542-1550
209
Roberta B. Ness, Carl A. Hubel. (2005) Risk for Coronary Artery Disease and Morbid Preeclampsia: A Commentary. Annals of Epidemiology 15:9, 726-733
210
Sharon O'Donnell, Sarah Condell, Cecily Begley, Tony Fitzgerald. (2005) In-hospital care pathway delays: gender and myocardial infarction. Journal of Advanced Nursing 52:1, 14-21
211
Yee Guan Yap, Trinh Duong, J. Martin Bland, Marek Malik, Christian Torp-Pedersen, Lars Køber, Stuart J. Connolly, Bradley Marchant, A. John Camm. (2005) Prognostic impact of demographic factors and clinical features on the mode of death in high-risk patients after myocardial infarction - A combined analysis from multicenter trials. Clinical Cardiology 28:10, 471-478
212
Claire S Duvernoy. (2005) Coronary heart disease in women: what do we know now?. Future Cardiology 1:5, 617-628
213
M. Reinikainen, M. Niskanen, A. Uusaro, E. Ruokonen. (2005) Impact of gender on treatment and outcome of ICU patients. Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica 49:7, 984-990
214
Paul D. Thompson, Francis Kiernan. (2005) Prevention of Heart Disease in Female Athletes. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 37:8, 1440-1443
215
Khurram Nasir, Paolo Raggi, John A. Rumberger, Matthew J. Budoff, Roger S. Blumenthal. (2005) Electron Beam Tomography in Women. Cardiology in Review 13:4, 174-183
216
Marc Cohen, Gian Franco Gensini, Frans Maritz, Enrique P. Gurfinkel, Kurt Huber, Ari Timerman, Jose Santopinto, Giancarlo Corsini, Pierfranco Terrosu, Florence Joulain. (2005) The Role of Gender and Other Factors as Predictors of Not Receiving Reperfusion Therapy and of Outcome in ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction. Journal of Thrombosis and Thrombolysis 19:3, 155-161
217
Donna M. Polk, Tasneem Z. Naqvi. (2005) Cardiovascular disease in women: Sex differences in presentation, risk factors, and evaluation. Current Cardiology Reports 7:3, 166-172
218
Massimo Porta, Andrea Grosso, Franco Veglio. (2005) Hypertensive retinopathy: thereʼs more than meets the eye. Journal of Hypertension 23:4, 683-696
219
Soma S. Nag, Thomas A. Pearson, Larry Ma, Pamela B. Landsman, Anthony Cimino, Florence F. Vickers, Charles M. Alexander, Jeffrey M. Melin. (2005) Estimating cholesterol treatment rates among individuals with multiple risk factors and without coronary heart disease. The American Journal of Cardiology 95:7, 862-864
220
Maria Claesson, Lisbeth Slunga Birgander, Bernt Lindahl, Salmir Nasic, Monica Åström, Kjell Asplund, Gunilla Burell. (2005) Womenʼs Hearts—Stress Management for Women With Ischemic Heart Disease. Journal of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation 25:2, 93-102
221
Tina S. Poulsen, Anders Kastrup, Hans Mickley. (2005) Is aspirin resistance or female gender associated with a high incidence of myonecrosis after nonurgent percutaneous coronary intervention?. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 45:4, 635-636
222
Lauren A. Weiss, Mark Abney, Edwin H. Cook, Carole Ober. (2005) Sex-Specific Genetic Architecture of Whole Blood Serotonin Levels. The American Journal of Human Genetics 76:1, 33-41
223
Maria Grazia Modena. (2005) Acute myocardial infarction - are women different?. International Journal of Clinical Practice 59:1, 2-5
224
H. Theres, B. Maier, R. Matteucci Gothe, S. Schnippa, G. Kallischnigg, K. P. Sch
ren, W. Thimme, . (2004) Influence of gender on treatment and short-term mortality of patients with acute myocardial infarction in Berlin. Zeitschrift f
225
Federico Bigazzi, Beatrice Dal Pino, Francesco Forastiere, Riccardo Pistelli, Giuseppe Rossi, Marzia Simoni, Sandra Baldacci, Giovanni Viegi, Alberto Bionda, Tiziana Sampietro. (2004) HDL and clinical and biochemical correlates in Italian non-smoker women. Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine 42:12, 1408-1416
226
Vera Regitz-Zagrosek, Elke Lehmkuhl, Berthold Hocher, Detlef Goesmann, Hans B. Lehmkuhl, Harald Hausmann, Roland Hetzer. (2004) Gender as a risk factor in young, not in old, women undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 44:12, 2413-2414
227
Andrea J. Efre. (2004) Gender Bias in Acute Myocardial Infarction. The Nurse Practitioner 29:11, 42-55
228
Giuseppe De Luca, Harry Suryapranata, Jan-Henk Dambrink, Jan Paul Ottervanger, Arnoud W.J. van't Hof, Felix Zijlstra, Jan C.A. Hoorntje, A.T.Marcel Gosselink, Menko-Jan de Boer. (2004) Sex-related differences in outcome after ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction treated by primary angioplasty: Data from the Zwolle Myocardial Infarction study. American Heart Journal 148:5, 852-856
229
N CARRABBA, G SANTORO, D BALZI, A BARCHIELLI, N MARCHIONNI, P FABIANI, C LANDINI, L SCARTI, G SANTORO, S VALENTE. (2004) In-hospital management and outcome in women with acute myocardial infarction (data from the AMI-Florence Registry). The American Journal of Cardiology 94:9, 1118-1123
230
Jaume Marrugat, María García, Roberto Elosua, Elena Aldasoro, María José Tormo, Oscar Zurriaga, Fernando Arós, Rafael Masiá, Ginés Sanz, Vicente Valle, Esteban López De Sá, Joan Sala, Antonio Segura, Catalina Rubert, Concepción Moreno, Adolfo Cabadés, Lluís Molina, José Luís López-Sendón, Miguel Gil. (2004) Short-term (28 days) prognosis between genders according to the type of coronary event (Q-wave versus non–Q-wave acute myocardial infarction versus unstable angina pectoris). The American Journal of Cardiology 94:9, 1161-1165
231
Mary Grzybowski, Robert D. Welch, Lori Parsons, Chiadi E. Ndumele, Edmond Chen, Robert Zalenski, Hal V. Barron. (2004) The Association between White Blood Cell Count and Acute Myocardial Infarction In-hospital Mortality: Findings from the National Registry of Myocardial Infarction. Academic Emergency Medicine 11:10, 1049-1060
232
Susan K. Bennett, Rita F. Redberg. (2004) Acute coronary syndromes in women: Is treatment different? should it be?. Current Cardiology Reports 6:4, 243-252
233
Harshida Patel, Annika Rosengren, Inger Ekman. (2004) Symptoms in acute coronary syndromes: does sex make a difference?. American Heart Journal 148:1, 27-33
234
Ajay Manhapra, John G Canto, Viola Vaccarino, Lori Parsons, Catarina I Kiefe, Hal V Barron, William J Rogers, W.Douglas Weaver, Steven Borzak. (2004) Relation of age and race with hospital death after acute myocardial infarction. American Heart Journal 148:1, 92-98
235
Michael K Ong, Stanton A Glantz. (2004) Cardiovascular health and economic effects of smoke-free workplaces. The American Journal of Medicine 117:1, 32-38
236
Wei-Jie Peng, Jing Yu, Sheng Deng, Jun-Ling Jiang, Han-Wu Deng, Yuan-Jian Li. (2004) Effect of estrogen replacement treatment on ischemic preconditioning in isolated rat hearts. Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 82:5, 339-344
237
Charles Maynard. (2004) Gender and place of death from coronary artery disease in Washington State. The American Journal of Cardiology 93:10, 1286-1288
238
Marilys Guillemin. (2004) Heart disease and mid-age women: Focusing on gender and age. Health Sociology Review 13:1, 7-14
239
Alexandra J. Lansky, Roxana Mehran, George Dangas, Ecaterina Cristea, Kazuyuki Shirai, Ricardo Costa, Costantino Costantini, Yoshihiro Tsuchiya, Stephane Carlier, Gary Mintz, Yves Cottin, Gregg Stone, Jeffrey Moses, Martin B. Leon. (2004) Comparison of differences in outcome after percutaneous coronary intervention in men versus women <40 years of age. The American Journal of Cardiology 93:7, 916-919
240
Lynn L. Amowitz, Paul M. Ridker, Nadir Rifai, Clodagh M. Loughrey, Anthony L. Komaroff. (2004) High Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome among Young Women with Nonfatal Myocardial Infarction. Journal of Women's Health 13:2, 165-175
241
Antoinette S. Gomes. (2004) Clinical Research Opportunities: “You’ve Struck Gold!”. Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology 15:2, P83-P86
242
Patricia M Davidson, John Daly, Karen Hancock, Debra Jackson. (2004) Australian women and heart disease: Trends, epidemiological perspectives and the need for a culturally competent research agenda. Contemporary Nurse 16:1-2, 62-73
243
I. Janszky, M. Ericson, M. A. Mittleman, S. Wamala, F. Al-Khalili, K. Schenck-Gustafsson, K. Orth-Gomer. (2004) Heart rate variability in long-term risk assessment in middle-aged women with coronary heart disease: The Stockholm Female Coronary Risk Study. Journal of Internal Medicine 255:1, 13-21
244
John F. Todaro, Biing-Jiun Shen, Raymond Niaura, Peter L. Tilkemeier, Barbara H. Roberts. (2004) Do Men and Women Achieve Similar Benefits From Cardiac Rehabilitation?. Journal of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation 24:1, 45-51
245
Ken KANAMASA, Kinji ISHIKAWA, Takahiro HAYASHI, Shiro HOSHIDA, Yoshio YAMADA, Takahiko KAWARABAYASHI, Masashi NAKA, Yoshiaki YOKOI, Mitsuo MATSUDA, Iwao OGAWA. (2004) Increased Cardiac Mortality in Women Compared with Men in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction. Internal Medicine 43:10, 911-918
246
Jacqueline E Tamis-Holland, Angela Palazzo, Amanda L Stebbins, James N Slater, Jean Boland, Stephen G Ellis, Judith S Hochman. (2004) Benefits of direct angioplasty for women and men with acute myocardial infarction: results of the global use of strategies to open occluded arteries in acute coronary syndromes (GUSTO II-B) Angioplasty Substudy. American Heart Journal 147:1, 133-139
247
Juan Cinca. (2004) Sexo femenino y mortalidad postinfarto de miocardio. Medicina Clínica 122:15, 576-577
248
Viola Vaccarino, Susmita Mallik. Gender Differences in the Outcome of Acute Myocardial Infarction. In: Principles of Gender-Specific Medicine. Elsevier, 2004:224-233.
249
Barbara H. Roberts. Gender-Specific Aspects of the Experience of Coronary Artery Disease. In: Principles of Gender-Specific Medicine. Elsevier, 2004:215-223.
250
Guy De Backer, Ettore Ambrosioni, Knut Broch-Johnsen, Carlos Brotons, Renata Cifkova, Jean Dallongeville, Shah Ebrahim, Ole Faergeman, Ian Graham, Guiseppe Mancia, Volkert Manger Cats, Kristina Orth-Gom??r, Joep Perk, Kalevi Py??r??l??, Jos?? L. Rodicio, Susana Sans, Vedat Sansoy, Udo Sechtem, Sigmund Silber, Troels Thomsen, David Wood. (2003) European guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice Third Joint Task Force of European and other Societies on Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Clinical Practice (constituted by representatives of eight societies and by invited experts). European Journal of Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation 10:Supplement 1, S1-S78
251
Marc Cohen, Gian Franco Gensini, Frans Maritz, Enrique P Gurfinkel, Kurt Huber, Ari Timerman, Maria Krzeminska-Pakula, Nicolas Danchin, Harvey D White, Jose Santopinto, Frederique Bigonzi, Carole Hecquet, Luc Vittori. (2003) The safety and efficacy of subcutaneous enoxaparin versus intravenous unfractionated heparin and tirofiban versus placebo in the treatment of acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction patients ineligible for reperfusion (TETAMI). Journal of the American College of Cardiology 42:8, 1348-1356
252
Janice B. Schwartz. (2003) Gender-Specific Implications for Cardiovascular Medication Use in the Elderly. Cardiology in Review 11:5, 275-298
253
Rade B. Vukmir. (2003) Prehospital Cardiac Arrest and the Adverse Effect of Male Gender, but Not Age, on Outcome. Journal of Women's Health 12:7, 667-673
254
S HANSEN. (2003) Mental health issues associated with cardiovascular disease in women. Psychiatric Clinics of North America 26:3, 693-712
255
Leslie R. Harrold, Julian Esteban, Darleen Lessard, Jorge Yarzebski, Jerry H. Gurwitz, Joel M. Gore, Robert J. Goldberg. (2003) Narrowing Gender Differences in Procedure Use for Acute Myocardial Infarction. Insights from the Worcester Heart Attack Study. Journal of General Internal Medicine 18:6, 423-431
256
Benjamin M. Schaefer, Vincent Caracciolo, William H. Frishman, Pamela Charney. (2003) Gender, Ethnicity, and Genes in Cardiovascular Disease.. Heart Disease 5:3, 202-214
257
Charuhas V Thakar, Orfeas Liangos, Jean-Pierre Yared, David Nelson, Marion R Piedmonte, Srinivas Hariachar, Emil P Paganini. (2003) ARF after open-heart surgery: influence of gender and race. American Journal of Kidney Diseases 41:4, 742-751
258
Jerome L Abramson, Emir Veledar, William S Weintraub, Viola Vaccarino. (2003) Association between gender and In-Hospital mortality after percutaneous coronary intervention according to age. The American Journal of Cardiology 91:8, 968-971
259
Holli A. DeVon, Julie Johnson Zerwic. (2003) The Symptoms of Unstable Angina. Nursing Research 52:2, 108-118
260
R Kitson, B Carr. (2003) An unusual cause for cardiac arrest1. Clinical Intensive Care 14:1-2, 49-53
261
I. Os, A. Hoieggen, A. Larsen, P. M. Sandset, S. Djurovic, K. Berg, A. Os, K. Birkeland, A. Westheim. (2003) Smoking and relation to other risk factors in postmenopausal women with coronary artery disease, with particular reference to whole blood viscosity and beta-cell function. Journal of Internal Medicine 253:2, 232-239
262
C Noel Bairey Merz, B.Delia Johnson, Barry L Sharaf, Vera Bittner, Sarah L Berga, Glenn D Braunstein, T.Keta Hodgson, Karen A Matthews, Carl J Pepine, Steven E Reis, Nathaniel Reichek, William J Rogers, Gerald M Pohost, Sheryl F Kelsey, George Sopko. (2003) Hypoestrogenemia of hypothalamic origin and coronary artery disease in premenopausal women: a report from the NHLBI-sponsored WISE study. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 41:3, 413-419
263
Deborah L Crabbe, Konstantina Dipla, Srivani Ambati, Andreas Zafeiridis, John P Gaughan, Steven R Houser, Kenneth B Margulies. (2003) Gender differences in post-infarction hypertrophy in end-stage failing hearts. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 41:2, 300-306
264
C. Sánchez Luis, C. Suárez Fernández. (2003) Patología cardiovascular de la mujer. Hipertensión y Riesgo Vascular 20:4, 171-182
265
F. Al-Khalili, B. Svane, I. Janszky, L. Ryden, K. Orth-Gomer, K. Schenck-Gustafsson. (2002) Significant predictors of poor prognosis in women aged <=65 years hospitalized for an acute coronary event. Journal of Internal Medicine 252:6, 561-569
266
Mark Grist, Richard B Wambolt, Gregory P Bondy, Dean R English, Michael F Allard. (2002) Estrogen replacement stimulates fatty acid oxidation and impairs post-ischemic recovery of hearts from ovariectomized female rats. Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 80:10, 1001-1007
267
Robert C Kaplan, Susan R Heckbert, Curt D Furberg, Bruce M Psaty. (2002) Predictors of subsequent coronary events, stroke, and death among survivors of first hospitalized myocardial infarction. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology 55:7, 654-664
268
Christine L. Miller. (2002) A review of symptoms of coronary artery disease in women. Journal of Advanced Nursing 39:1, 17-23
269
Lori J. Mosca. (2002) Contemporary Management of Hyperlipidemia in Women. Journal of Women's Health & Gender-Based Medicine 11:5, 423-432
270
D.A Alter, C.D Naylor, P.C Austin, J.V Tu. (2002) Biology or bias: practice patterns and long-term outcomes for men and women with acute myocardial infarction. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 39:12, 1909-1916
271
Megan Rist Haymart, Timm Dickfeld, Caitlin Nass, Roger S. Blumenthal. (2002) Percutaneous Coronary Intervention vs. Medical Therapy: What Are the Implications for Women?. Journal of Women's Health & Gender-Based Medicine 11:4, 347-355
272
Jeanine Romanelli, James A. Fauerbach, David E. Bush, Roy C. Ziegelstein. (2002) The Significance of Depression in Older Patients After Myocardial Infarction. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 50:5, 817-822
273
Jane G. Wigginton, Paul E. Pepe, John P. Bedolla, Lucy A. DeTamble, James M. Atkins. (2002) Sex-related differences in the presentation and outcome of out-of-hospital cardiopulmonary arrest: A multiyear, prospective, population-based study. Critical Care Medicine 30:Supplement, S131-S136
274
Lilja Jonsdottir, Nikulas Sigfusson, Vilmundur Gunason, Helgi Sigvaldason, Gumundur Thorgeirsson. (2002) Journal of Cardiovascular Risk 9:2, 67-76
275
Cynthia Arslanian-Engoren. (2002) Recognizing Heart Disease. AWHONN Lifelines 6:2, 114-122
276
Margita Eriksson-Berg, Nils Egberg, Staffan Eksborg, Karin Schenck-Gustafsson. (2002) Retained fibrinolytic response and no coagulation activation after acute physical exercise in middle-aged women with previous myocardial infarction. Thrombosis Research 105:6, 481-486
277
Cynthia Arslanian-Engoren. (2002) Feminist poststructuralism: a methodological paradigm for examining clinical decision-making. Journal of Advanced Nursing 37:6, 512-517
278
Tobias Heer, Rudolf Schiele, Steffen Schneider, Anselm K Gitt, Harm Wienbergen, Martin Gottwik, Ulf Gieseler, Thomas Voigtländer, Karl E Hauptmann, Stefan Wagner, Jochen Senges. (2002) Gender differences in acute myocardial infarction in the era of reperfusion (the MITRA registry). The American Journal of Cardiology 89:5, 511-517
279
Steen Z. Abildstrom, Søren Rasmussen, Mette Madsen. (2002) Significant Decline in Case Fatality after Acute Myocardial Infarction in Denmark--a Population-based Study from 1994 to 2001. Scandinavian Cardiovascular Journal 36:5, 287-291
280
Kotaro Oe, Masami Shimizu, Hidekazu Ino, Masato Yamaguchi, Hidenobu Terai, Kenshi Hayashi, Masaru Kiyama, Kenji Sakata, Tatsumi Hayashi, Masaru Inoue, Tomoya Kaneda, Hiroshi Mabuchi. (2002) Effects of Gender on the Number of Diseased Vessels and Clinical Outcome in Japanese Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome. Circulation Journal 66:5, 435-435
281
Steven P Schulman, David R Thiemann, Pamela Ouyang, Nisha C Chandra, Douglas S Schulman, Steven E Reis, Michael Terrin, Sandra Forman, Cicero Piva de Albuquerque, Raymond D Bahr, Susan N Townsend, Rosalie Cosgriff, Gary Gerstenblith. (2002) Effects of acute hormone therapy on recurrent ischemia in postmenopausal women with unstable angina. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 39:2, 231-237
282
J. M. García Pinilla, M. F. Jiménez Navarro, J. Robledo Carmona, E. de Teresa Galván. (2002) ¿Desigualdades en el tratamiento de la angina inestable en las mujeres?. Revista Clínica Española 202:11, 624-625
283
Xavier Bosch, Nuria Casanovas, Faustino Miranda-Guardiola, Salvador Díez-Aja, Marta Sitges, Ignasi Anguera, Ginés Sanz, Amadeo Betriu. (2002) Pronóstico a largo plazo de las mujeres con síndrome coronario agudo sin elevación del segmento ST. Revista Española de Cardiología 55:12, 1235-1242
284
Carlos F. Mendes de Leon, Vicki DiLillo, Susan Czajkowski, Jennifer Norten, James Schaefer, Diane Catellier, James A. Blumenthal. (2001) Psychosocial Characteristics After Acute Myocardial Infarction: The ENRICHD Pilot Study. Journal of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation 21:6, 353-362
285
S.Chiu Wong, Lynn A Sleeper, E.Scott Monrad, Mark A Menegus, Angela Palazzo, Vladimir Dzavik, Alice Jacobs, Xianjiao Jiang, Judith S Hochman. (2001) Absence of gender differences in clinical outcomes in patients with cardiogenic shock complicating acute myocardial infarction. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 38:5, 1395-1401
286
Bernd Waldecker, Erika Grempels, Wolfgang Waas, Werner Haberbosch, Reinhard Voss, Harald Tillmanns. (2001) Direct angioplasty eliminates sex differences in mortality early after acute myocardial infarction. The American Journal of Cardiology 88:10, 1194-1197
287
Amy L Arnold, Kerry A Milner, Viola Vaccarino. (2001) Sex and race differences in electrocardiogram use (the national hospital ambulatory medical care survey). The American Journal of Cardiology 88:9, 1037-1040
288
Kate MacIntyre, Simon Stewart, Simon Capewell, James W.T Chalmers, Jill P Pell, James Boyd, Alan Finlayson, Adam Redpath, Harper Gilmour, John J.V McMurray. (2001) Gender and survival: a population-based study of 201,114 men and women following a first acute myocardial infarction. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 38:3, 729-735
289
Marco L. Rossi, Piera Angelica Merlini, Diego Ardissino. (2001) Percutaneous Coronary Revascularisation in Women. Thrombosis Research 103, S105-S111
290
Eva Lindmark, Lars Wallentin, Agneta Siegbahn. (2001) Blood Cell Activation, Coagulation, and Inflammation in Men and Women With Coronary Artery Disease. Thrombosis Research 103:3, 249-259
291
L Leibovici. (2001) Excess mortality in women with hospital-acquired bloodstream infection. The American Journal of Medicine 111:2, 120-125
292
David S. Battleman, Mark Callahan. (2001) Gender Differences in Utilization of Exercise Treadmill Testing: A Claims-Based Analysis. Journal for Healthcare Quality 23:3, 38-41
293
Nathaniel Winer, James R. Sowers, Michael A. Weber. (2001) Gender Differences in Vascular Compliance in Young, Healthy Subjects Assessed by Pulse Contour Analysis. The Journal of Clinical Hypertension 3:3, 145-152
294
A.R Genazzani. (2001) Controversial issues in climacteric medicine (I) Cardiovascular disease and hormone replacement therapy. International Menopause Society Expert Workshop, 13–16 October 2000, Royal Society of Medicine, London, UK. Maturitas 38:3, 263-271
295
R Krishnan. (2001) Market restructuring and pricing in the hospital industry. Journal of Health Economics 20:2, 213-237
296
Brad G. Angeja, Amy Chen Rundle, Jerry H. Gurwitz, Joel M. Gore, Hal V. Barron. (2001) Death or nonfatal stroke in patients with acute myocardial infarction treated with tissue plasminogen activator. The American Journal of Cardiology 87:5, 627-630
297
Anne G. Rosenfeld. (2001) Women's Risk of Decision Delay in Acute Myocardial Infarction: Implications for Research and Practice. AACN Clinical Issues: Advanced Practice in Acute & Critical Care 12:1, 29-39
298
Samia Mora, Dawn Warner Kershner, Camille Peart Vigilance, Roger S. Blumenthal. (2001) Coronary artery disease in postmenopausal women. Current Treatment Options in Cardiovascular Medicine 3:1, 67-79
299
David Antoniucci, Renato Valenti, Guia Moschi, Angela Migliorini, Maurizio Trapani, Giovanni Maria Santoro, Leonardo Bolognese, Emilio Vincenzo Dovellini. (2001) Sex-based differences in clinical and angiographic outcomes after primary angioplasty or stenting for acute myocardial infarction. The American Journal of Cardiology 87:3, 289-293
300
Mohammad Zubaid, Wafa A. Rashed, Lukman Thalib, Cheriyil G Suresh. (2001) Differences in Thrombolytic Treatment and In-Hospital Mortality between Women and Men after Acute Myocardial Infarction.. Japanese Heart Journal 42:6, 669-676
301
Cynthia Arslanian-Engoren. (2001) Gender and Age Differences in Nurses' Triage Decisions Using Vignette Patients. Nursing Research 50:1, 61-66
302
Juan B. López Messa, Jesús M. Andrés de Llano, César A. Berrocal de la Fuente, Rebeca Pascual Palacín. (2001) Características de los pacientes con infarto agudo de miocardio sometidos a ventilación mecánica. Datos del registro ARIAM. Revista Española de Cardiología 54:7, 851-859
303
T Saleh. (2000) Acute injection of 17β-estradiol enhances cardiovascular reflexes and autonomic tone in ovariectomized female rats. Autonomic Neuroscience 84:1-2, 78-88
304
JoDean Nicolette. (2000) Searching for Women's Health: A Resident's Perspective. Journal of Women's Health & Gender-Based Medicine 9:7, 697-701
305
Dawn M. Bell, Jean Nappi. (2000) Myocardial Infarction in Women: A Critical Appraisal of Gender Differences in Outcomes. Pharmacotherapy 20:9, 1034-1044
306
Pamela Karney. (2000) Women's Health. An Evolving Mosaic. Journal of General Internal Medicine 15:8, 600-602
307
Gan , Sandra C. , Beaver , Shelli K. , Houck , Peter M. , MacLehose , Richard F. , Lawson , Herschel W. , Chan , Leighton , . (2000) Treatment of Acute Myocardial Infarction and 30-Day Mortality among Women and Men. New England Journal of Medicine 343:1, 8-15
Free Full Text308
Hé;ctor Bueno. (2000) Early Prognostic Assessment and Treatment of Acute Myocardial Infarction in the Elderly. The American Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 9:4, 192-196
309
Faris Al-Khalili, Sarah P Wamala, Kristina Orth-Gomér, Karin Schenck-Gustafsson. (2000) Prognostic value of exercise testing in women after acute coronary syndromes (the Stockholm female coronary risk study). The American Journal of Cardiology 86:2, 211-213
310
Johan Herlitz, Gunnar Brandrup-Wognsen, Björn W. Karlson, Helén Sjöland, Thomas Karlsson, Kenneth Caidahl, Marianne Hartford, Maria Haglid. (2000) Mortality, risk indicators for death, and mode of death in younger and elderly patients during five years after coronary artery bypass graft. Clinical Cardiology 23:6, 421-426
311
F Al-Khalili. (2000) Clinical importance of risk factors and exercise testing for prediction of significant coronary artery stenosis in women recovering from unstable coronary artery disease: The Stockholm Female Coronary Risk Study. American Heart Journal 139:6, 971-978
312
Vijay G. Kalaria, Wojciech Zareba, Arthur J. Moss, George Pancio, Victor J. Marder, James H. Morrissey, Harvey J. Weiss, Charles E. Sparks, Henry Greenberg, Edward Dwyer, Robert Goldstein, Luc F.Miller Watelet. (2000) Gender-related differences in thrombogenic factors predicting recurrent cardiac events in patients after acute myocardial infarction. The American Journal of Cardiology 85:12, 1401-1408
313
Viola Vaccarino, Lori Parsons, Nathan R. Every, Hal V. Barron, Harlan M. Krumholz. (2000) Impact of history of diabetes mellitus on hospital mortality in men and women with first acute myocardial infarction. The American Journal of Cardiology 85:12, 1486-1489
314
Stuart E. Sheifer, Jose J. Escarce, Kevin A. Schulman. (2000) Race and sex differences in the management of coronary artery disease. American Heart Journal 139:5, 848-857
315
Pamela Charney. (2000) Are the Goose and Gander Cooked in the Same Sauce?. Medical Care 38:4, 351-353
316
William J French. (2000) Trends in acute myocardial infarction management: use of the national registry of myocardial infarction in quality improvement. The American Journal of Cardiology 85:5, 5-9
317
Jess F. Kraus, Corinne Peek-Asa, David McArthur. (2000) The independent effect of gender on outcomes following traumatic brain injury: a preliminary investigation. Neurosurgical FOCUS 8:1, 1-7
318
Dwaine Rieves, George Wright, Ghanshyam Gupta, Emily Shacter. (2000) Clinical trial (GUSTO-1 and INJECT) evidence of earlier death for men than women after acute myocardial infarction. The American Journal of Cardiology 85:2, 147-153
319
(1999) Coronary Artery Disease in Men and Women. New England Journal of Medicine 341:25, 1931-1935
Free Full Text320
Martin J Kendall, Sarah L Nuttall. (1999) Anti-oxidant therapy for the treatment of coronary artery disease. Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs 8:11, 1763-1784
321
D. Roger Illingworth, Paul N. Durrington. (1999) Dyslipidemia and atherosclerosis. Current Opinion in Lipidology 10:5, 383-386
322
Wexler , Laura F. , . (1999) Studies of Acute Coronary Syndromes in Women — Lessons for Everyone. New England Journal of Medicine 341:4, 275-276
Full Text
- Letters
