Original Article
A Comparison of Three Months of Anticoagulation with Extended Anticoagulation for a First Episode of Idiopathic Venous Thromboembolism
N Engl J Med 1999; 340:901-907March 25, 1999
- Abstract
Background
Patients who have a first episode of venous thromboembolism in the absence of known risk factors for thrombosis (idiopathic thrombosis) are often treated with anticoagulant therapy for three months. Such patients may benefit from longer treatment, however, because they appear to have an increased risk of recurrence after anticoagulant therapy is stopped.
Methods
In this double-blind study, we randomly assigned patients who had completed 3 months of anticoagulant therapy for a first episode of idiopathic venous thromboembolism to continue receiving warfarin, with the dose adjusted to achieve an international normalized ratio of 2.0 to 3.0, or to receive placebo for a further 24 months. Our goal was to determine the effects of extended anticoagulant therapy on rates of recurrent symptomatic venous thromboembolism and bleeding.
Results
A prespecified interim analysis of efficacy led to the early termination of the trial after 162 patients had been enrolled and followed for an average of 10 months. Of 83 patients assigned to continue to receive placebo, 17 had a recurrent episode of venous thromboembolism (27.4 percent per patient-year), as compared with 1 of 79 patients assigned to receive warfarin (1.3 percent per patient-year, P<0.001). Warfarin resulted in a 95 percent reduction in the risk of recurrent venous thromboembolism (95 percent confidence interval, 63 to 99 percent). Three patients assigned to the warfarin group had nonfatal major bleeding (two had gastrointestinal bleeding and one genitourinary bleeding), as compared with none of those assigned to the placebo group (3.8 percent vs. 0 percent per patient-year, P=0.09).
Conclusions
Patients with a first episode of idiopathic venous thromboembolism should be treated with anticoagulant agents for longer than three months.
Media in This Article
Figure 1
Cumulative Probability of Recurrent Venous Thromboembolism in Patients with a First Episode of Idiopathic Thrombosis Who Were Assigned to Warfarin or Placebo after an Initial Three Months of Anticoagulant Therapy.Table 1
Base-Line Characteristics of the Patients According to Treatment Group.Article Activity
- Article
Acute venous thromboembolism is usually treated with a five-to-seven-day course of unfractionated or low-molecular-weight heparin, followed by a three-month course of oral anticoagulant therapy.1 Subgroup analyses of the results of a number of recent studies suggest that, after anticoagulant therapy is stopped, the risk of recurrent venous thromboembolism is greater among patients who have a persistent risk factor for thrombosis and those whose initial episode of thrombosis occurred in the absence of an apparent risk factor than it is among patients in whom thrombosis develops in association with a transient risk factor, such as surgery.2-5 On the basis of such observations, we hypothesized that patients with a first episode of idiopathic venous thromboembolism would benefit from a course of anticoagulant therapy lasting more than three months.
To test this hypothesis, we performed a double-blind, randomized trial comparing an additional 24 months of warfarin therapy (target international normalized ratio [INR], 2.0 to 3.0) with placebo in patients with a first episode of idiopathic venous thromboembolism who had completed three months of initial anticoagulant treatment. We also sought to determine whether the presence of common prothrombotic biochemical abnormalities — namely, factor V Leiden, the G20210A prothrombin-gene mutation, or the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies (lupus anticoagulant or anticardiolipin antibodies) — identified patients with a particularly high risk of recurrent venous thromboembolism.
Methods
Patients
Consecutive patients with a first episode of idiopathic venous thromboembolism were eligible if they had completed three uninterrupted months of oral anticoagulant therapy after an initial course of treatment with unfractionated or low-molecular-weight heparin. Idiopathic venous thromboembolism was defined as either objectively confirmed,6,7 symptomatic, proximal deep-vein thrombosis or as pulmonary embolism that occurred in the absence of a major thrombogenic risk factor. Risk factors that precluded classification of the episode as idiopathic thrombosis included fracture or plaster casting of a lower limb, hospitalization with confinement to bed for three consecutive days, or use of general anesthesia, each within the previous three months; a known deficiency of antithrombin, protein C, or protein S; and cancer in the previous five years. Testing for deficiencies of antithrombin, protein C, and protein S was discouraged unless there were additional clinical features that suggested a hereditary hypercoagulable state, such as thrombosis before the age of 40 years or a history of thromboembolism in a first-degree relative. Patients with previous venous thromboembolism were eligible, provided such episodes were secondary to a transient risk factor.
Patients who met the inclusion criteria were ineligible if they had other indications for or a contraindication to long-term anticoagulant therapy; required long-term treatment with nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, ticlopidine, sulfinpyrazone, dipyridamole, or more than 160 mg of aspirin per day; had a familial bleeding diathesis; had a major psychiatric disorder, were pregnant or could become pregnant; were allergic to contrast medium; had a life expectancy of less than two years; were initially treated with a nonlicensed preparation of low-molecular-weight heparin; were considered likely to be noncompliant; or were unable to complete follow-up visits because of the distance from their residence to the medical center.
Randomization and Treatment
After the patients gave written informed consent, randomization was performed, with stratification according to whether the patient presented with deep-vein thrombosis alone or with pulmonary embolism and according to clinical center. Patients were provided with consecutively numbered supplies of study drug — either tablets containing 5 mg of warfarin or identical-appearing placebo. A computer algorithm, with a randomly determined block size of two or four within each stratum, had previously determined whether the patient received warfarin or placebo.
The initial dose of study drug was prescribed according to the results of an INR measurement performed on the day of randomization. All subsequent INR results were forwarded to the anticoagulation monitor at each clinical center, who was aware of treatment assignment but not actively involved in the patient's care. For the patients assigned to receive warfarin, the anticoagulation monitor relayed the true INR results to the clinical center. For those assigned to placebo, the anticoagulation monitor substituted a sham INR result from a prepared list and relayed this value to the clinical center. In each case, the dose of study drug was adjusted by the clinical center in response to the INR result received from the anticoagulation monitor. This process resulted in the patients' receiving either 24 months of warfarin treatment, with the dose adjusted to achieve an INR of 2.0 to 3.0, or 24 months of placebo treatment, with the dose adjusted to achieve a sham INR of 2.0 to 3.0. The study protocol was approved by the institutional review boards of all participating clinical centers.
Follow-up and Outcome Measures
A base-line ventilation–perfusion lung scan, bilateral compression ultrasonography of the proximal leg veins, and (if possible) bilateral impedance plethysmography were performed at the time of randomization in order to increase the accuracy of the diagnosis of recurrent venous thromboembolism. The results of these tests did not influence eligibility. The patients underwent an assessment of symptoms and signs of venous thromboembolism every three months. No surveillance for asymptomatic venous thromboembolism was undertaken. The patients were instructed to report on an emergency basis if symptoms suggesting deep-vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism developed.
Patients with suspected deep-vein thrombosis underwent compression ultrasonography. Deep-vein thrombosis was diagnosed if the sonogram revealed that a common femoral or popliteal venous segment had become newly noncompressible, as compared with the base-line compression sonogram.6 All other findings, including normal results on compression ultrasonography of the proximal veins, were considered nondiagnostic, and ipsilateral ascending venography was performed, supplemented by the findings on serial impedance plethysmography or compression ultrasonography if venography was nondiagnostic (showing areas of nonfilling without an intraluminal filling defect).6
Patients with suspected pulmonary embolism underwent ventilation–perfusion lung scanning; the results were supplemented by the findings of compression ultrasonography, bilateral venography, pulmonary angiography, or all three, if the lung scan was nondiagnostic.7
Bleeding was defined as major if it was clinically overt and associated with either a fall in the hemoglobin level of at least 2.0 g per deciliter or a need for the transfusion of two or more units of red cells; if it was retroperitoneal or intracranial; or if it warranted the permanent discontinuation of the study drug. Deaths were classified as due to pulmonary embolism (when there was substantive evidence), hemorrhage, or another cause, or as sudden death.
Information on all suspected outcome events and deaths was reviewed and classified by a central adjudication committee whose members were unaware of the treatment assignments.
Laboratory Analysis
Blood was obtained at the time of randomization, when all the patients were receiving warfarin. As previously described by others, assays for factor V Leiden,8 the G20210A prothrombin-gene mutation,9 anticardiolipin antibodies (IgG or IgM),10 and lupus anticoagulant11-13 were performed at a central laboratory by technicians who were unaware of the patients' treatment assignments and subsequent clinical course. The results of laboratory testing were not made available to the clinical centers or to the members of the central adjudication committee.
Statistical Analysis
The primary analysis of efficacy was a comparison of the rates of recurrent venous thromboembolism according to treatment group during the 24 months after randomization. The final analysis was scheduled for 1 year after the last patient was randomly assigned to treatment, at which time the patients would have completed an average of 1.75 years of follow-up. On the basis of subgroup analyses of two previous studies, we assumed that the rate of recurrent venous thromboembolism would be 10 percent per year in the patients assigned to receive placebo.2,14 Warfarin was assumed to produce a 75 percent reduction in the risk of recurrent venous thromboembolism.15 Given these assumptions, 95 patients were needed in each group for us to be able to detect a difference between groups in the frequency of recurrence with a power of 90 percent and with a 5 percent chance of incorrectly concluding that extended warfarin therapy reduced the rate of recurrent venous thromboembolism. One interim analysis was planned after the first 150 patients had been randomized, with the intention of stopping the trial if there was an unequivocal reduction in the rate of recurrent venous thromboembolism in the warfarin group (P<0.001 by one-sided test).
The cumulative incidence of thromboembolic and major bleeding events was described according to the Kaplan–Meier life-table method,16 and rates were compared with the use of the log-rank test.17 Univariate and multivariate regression analyses performed with the Cox proportional-hazards model were used to assess the influence of prespecified clinical and laboratory variables on the risk of recurrent venous thromboembolism in the patients randomly assigned to receive placebo.18 Complete data were not available for all patients in the subgroup analyses (e.g., laboratory tests were not performed or were technically inadequate for some patients); all available data have been included in the analyses. Two-sided P values are reported.
Results
Patients
The recruitment of patients began in October 1994 and was stopped on April 14, 1997, in response to the results of the interim analysis. Follow-up data through April 14, 1997, were included in the analysis for the patients who had already undergone randomization. A total of 327 consecutive patients met the inclusion criteria at the time of diagnosis, among whom 86 also met one or more of the exclusion criteria. Of the remaining 241 patients, 37 met one or more of the exclusion criteria three months later, at the time of the intended randomization. The four most common reasons for the exclusion of patients at this stage were evidence of cancer since diagnosis (nine patients), inability to make follow-up visits because of geographic inaccessibility (eight patients), the presence of other indications for long-term anticoagulant therapy (five patients), and the presence of a contraindication to long-term anticoagulant therapy (five patients). Of the 204 eligible patients, 162 (79 percent) gave written informed consent and were randomly assigned to receive warfarin (79 patients) or placebo (83 patients) (Table 1Table 1
Base-Line Characteristics of the Patients According to Treatment Group.).Treatment and Follow-up
The mean duration of follow-up was 10 months (12 months for the patients assigned to warfarin and 9 months for those assigned to placebo). The mean duration was shorter for the patients assigned to placebo largely because follow-up was discontinued after the diagnosis of recurrent venous thromboembolism, which occurred more frequently in this group. The study drug was permanently discontinued before the completion of follow-up in 14 patients assigned to warfarin, for one or more of the following reasons: 8 patients requested it, 3 patients had a major bleeding complication, indications for long-term anticoagulation developed in 2 patients, and 4 patients discontinued treatment for other reasons. The study drug was permanently discontinued before the completion of follow-up in 13 patients assigned to placebo, for one or more of the following reasons: 7 patients requested it, there was a serious violation of the study protocol in the case of 3 patients, the physician requested it in the case of 3 patients, and 5 patients discontinued treatment for other reasons.
The mean (±SD) INR of the patients treated with warfarin was 2.5±1.0, and the interval between tests was 2.9±2.0 weeks. Using linear interpolation of INR results between tests, we found that the INR was below 2.0 for an average of 22 percent of the time and above 3.0 for 14 percent of the time while the patients were receiving warfarin. Of the 27 patients who permanently discontinued taking the study drug before the scheduled completion of the follow-up period or before recurrent venous thromboembolism developed, 1 of the 13 assigned to placebo and 2 of the 14 assigned to warfarin started warfarin therapy.
Recurrent Venous Thromboembolism
Of the 79 patients assigned to warfarin, 1 had a confirmed episode of recurrent venous thromboembolism (Table 2Table 2
Main Outcomes According to Treatment Group.). This patient, who had a nonfatal pulmonary embolus, had discontinued warfarin treatment 14 months earlier, because of an episode of major upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Of the 83 patients assigned to placebo, 17 had a confirmed episode of recurrent venous thromboembolism (Table 2). Of these episodes, 11 were deep-vein thrombosis, 5 were nonfatal pulmonary embolism, and 1 was fatal pulmonary embolism. The death occurred while the patient was undergoing tests for suspected recurrent pulmonary embolism. The patient had presented with a one-week history of progressive shortness of breath and influenza-like symptoms. A ventilation–perfusion scan showed new defects indicating a high probability of pulmonary embolism, and compression ultrasonography showed a new proximal deep-vein thrombosis.The cumulative probability of a recurrent episode of venous thromboembolism in the two groups is shown in Figure 1Figure 1
Cumulative Probability of Recurrent Venous Thromboembolism in Patients with a First Episode of Idiopathic Thrombosis Who Were Assigned to Warfarin or Placebo after an Initial Three Months of Anticoagulant Therapy.; the difference between the groups was significant (P<0.001). The rate of recurrent venous thromboembolism was 1.3 percent per patient-year (95 percent confidence interval, 0.0 to 4.7 percent) among the patients assigned to warfarin and 27.4 percent per patient-year (95 percent confidence interval, 14.4 to 40.4 percent) among those assigned to placebo; the absolute difference in these rates was 26.1 percent per patient-year (95 percent confidence interval, 12.9 to 39.4 percent). Warfarin resulted in a 95 percent reduction in the risk of recurrent venous thromboembolism (95 percent confidence interval, 63 to 99 percent). Adjustment for differences in base-line variables did not influence the magnitude of this treatment effect.Of the 11 patients in the placebo group who had an episode of deep-vein thrombosis during follow-up, 2 initially had pulmonary embolism, 6 initially had ipsilateral deep-vein thrombosis, and 3 initially had contralateral deep-vein thrombosis. Of the six patients in the placebo group who had an episode of pulmonary embolism during follow-up, five initially had pulmonary embolism and one initially had deep-vein thrombosis. All episodes of recurrent venous thromboembolism were idiopathic.
Bleeding Complications
There were three major bleeding episodes among the patients assigned to warfarin (3.8 percent per patient-year; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.0 to 8.1 percent) and no such episodes among those assigned to placebo (95 percent confidence interval, 0.0 to 4.9 percent; P=0.09) (Table 2). The INRs at the time of major bleeding were 5.4 and 2.9 for the two episodes of gastrointestinal bleeding and greater than 10 for the one episode of genitourinary bleeding; no bleeding episode was fatal.
Survival
One patient who was assigned to warfarin and three who were assigned to placebo died during the study (P=0.20). The patient assigned to warfarin died of pneumonia; the three deaths in the placebo group were due to pulmonary embolism, coronary artery disease, and leukemia.
Biochemical Abnormalities
The prevalence of factor V Leiden was 26 percent, whereas the prevalence of the G20210A prothrombin gene mutation and that of antiphospholipid antibodies were each 5 percent (Table 3Table 3
Risk of Recurrence of Venous Thromboembolism in the Placebo Group, According to Selected Characteristics.). Of the 152 patients for whom at least one of these biochemical assays was performed, 104 (68 percent) had no abnormality.Risk Factors for Recurrent Venous Thromboembolism
The bivariate association between various clinical and laboratory findings and recurrent venous thromboembolism in the patients who received placebo is shown in Table 3. The presence of a lupus anticoagulant was the only variable significantly associated with recurrent venous thromboembolism (P=0.03). Multivariate analyses encompassing all the base-line variables listed in Table 3 and their first-order interactions did not reveal any other factors associated with recurrent venous thromboembolism.
Discussion
We found that patients with a first episode of idiopathic venous thromboembolism have a high rate of recurrence if anticoagulant therapy is stopped after three months and shows that this risk is higher than previously suggested by retrospective analyses.2-5 Extended warfarin therapy was effective in preventing recurrent venous thromboembolism but was associated with an increased risk of major bleeding; however, the risk of bleeding was small when compared with the benefits of anticoagulant therapy.
Except for those with a lupus anticoagulant, laboratory testing failed to identify subgroups of patients who had either a notably higher or a notably lower risk of recurrent venous thromboembolism after three months of anticoagulant therapy. In particular, the presence of factor V Leiden was not a clinically important risk factor for recurrence, and patients without any of the biochemical abnormalities for which we screened still had a high risk of recurrent venous thromboembolism. Therefore, our findings appear to apply to all patients with a first episode of idiopathic venous thromboembolism. Like others,19-21 we found that the continuation of anticoagulant therapy for longer than three months appears to be particularly useful in patients with persistent antiphospholipid antibodies.
The findings of this study are likely to be valid, since extensive precautions were taken to avoid bias, including the use of a double-blind design, central adjudication of outcomes, and a standardized approach to the diagnosis of recurrent venous thromboembolism. However, stopping the study early in response to the findings of an interim analysis could have led to an overestimation of the magnitude of the benefit derived from extended warfarin therapy22; if such an overestimation did occur, its extent is likely to be small. The most plausible explanation for the higher rate of recurrent venous thromboembolism in the patients receiving placebo in our study than was reported for patients with idiopathic venous thromboembolism in earlier studies2,3,5 is that there were differences between the patient populations. In earlier studies, all the patients were retrospectively classified as having “transient” risk factors or “continuous” risk factors (including idiopathic thrombosis). It is likely that some patients were misclassified and that some who did not truly meet the criteria for either clinical category were considered to have had idiopathic thrombosis. However, in our study, the patients had to satisfy prospectively defined inclusion criteria that ensured that all venous thromboembolic events were truly idiopathic.
Although this study has demonstrated that three months of anticoagulant therapy is inadequate for prophylaxis in patients with a first episode of idiopathic venous thromboembolism, how much longer these patients should be treated is not known. Further studies are required to determine when anticoagulant therapy can safely be stopped in this population. In addition, the decision to extend anticoagulant therapy for longer than three months is influenced by a patient's risk of bleeding. Patients with a high risk of bleeding were excluded from this trial, and anticoagulant therapy was closely monitored in those who were studied.
In this study and in a recent study by Schulman and colleagues,23 no patient who continued to receive anticoagulant therapy with a target INR of about 2.0 to 3.0 for longer than three months had an episode of recurrent venous thromboembolism during the extended phase of therapy. However, extended anticoagulant therapy was associated with a risk of major bleeding of about 3 percent per year. There is evidence that oral anticoagulation at a lower intensity (i.e., with a target INR of less than 2.0) is effective in preventing venous thromboembolism, particularly when used for primary prophylaxis.24,25 Further studies are required to determine whether a lower intensity of anticoagulation is preferable during the extended phase of therapy for patients with idiopathic venous thromboembolism.
Our finding that all episodes of recurrent venous thromboembolism were idiopathic indicates that these events can be prevented only by continuous anticoagulant therapy, not by intermittent prophylaxis limited to times when additional risk factors for thrombosis are present.
We conclude that patients with a first episode of idiopathic venous thromboembolism should be treated with anticoagulants for longer than three months. However, the optimal duration of such therapy has yet to be determined.
Supported by a grant from Dupont Pharma, Wilmington, Del., and by the Medical Research Council of Canada, the Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada (Drs. Kearon, Weitz, Anderson, Ginsberg, and Wells), and the Ministry of Health of Ontario (Dr. Douketis).
Source Information
From McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont., Canada (C.K., M.G., J.H., J.W., A.G.T., J.S.G., B.M., J.A.J.); Hamilton Civic Hospitals Research Centre, Hamilton, Ont., Canada (C.K., M.G., J.H., A.G.T., J.S.G., B.M.); the University of Western Ontario, London, Ont., Canada (M.J.K.); Dalhousie University, Halifax, N.S., Canada (D.R.A.); Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago (D.G.); and the University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont., Canada (P.W.).
Address reprint requests to Dr. Kearon at the Hamilton Health Sciences Corporation, Henderson Division, 711 Concession St., Hamilton, ON L8V 1C3, Canada.
The institutions that participated in the study are listed in the Appendix.
Other authors were Marilyn Johnston, A.R.T., Hamilton Civic Hospitals Research Centre, Hamilton, Ont.; James Douketis, M.D., and Robin Roberts, M.Tech., McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Paul van Nguyen, M.D., and Jeannine Kassis, M.D., University of Montreal, Montreal; Sean Dolan, M.D., University of New Brunswick, St. John, N.B.; Christine Demers, M.D., and Louis Desjardins, M.D., Laval University, Quebec, Que.; Susan Solymoss, M.D., McGill University, Montreal — all in Canada; and Arthur Trowbridge, M.D., Texas A&M University, Temple.
Appendix
The following institutions participated in this study: Canada — Hamilton Health Sciences Corporation, Henderson, Hamilton General, and McMaster campuses, Hamilton, Ont.; St. Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, Ont.; London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont.; Ottawa Civic Hospitals, Ottawa, Ont.; Montreal General Hospital, Montreal; Hôpital Maisonneuve–Rosemont, Montreal; Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal–Hôtel-Dieu de Montreal, Montreal; Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Québec–Pavillon Centre Hospitalier de l'Université Laval, Sainte-Foy, Que.; St. Sacrement, Quebec, Que.; Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre, Halifax, N.S.; St. John Regional Hospital, St. John, N.B.; and United States — Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago, Chicago; Scott and White Memorial Hospital, Temple, Tex.
- References
References
1
Hyers TM ,Hull RD ,Weg JG . Antithrombotic therapy for venous thromboembolic disease. Chest 1995;108:Suppl:335S-351S
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline2
The Research Committee of the British Thoracic Society
Web of Science | Medline3
Levine MN ,Hirsh J ,Gent M , et al. Optimal duration of oral anticoagulant therapy: a randomized trial comparing four weeks with three months of warfarin in patients with proximal deep vein thrombosis. Thromb Haemost 1995;74:606-611
Web of Science | Medline4
Schulman S ,Rhedin A-S ,Lindmarker P , et al. A comparison of six weeks with six months of oral anticoagulant therapy after a first episode of venous thromboembolism. N Engl J Med 1995;332:1661-1665
Full Text | Web of Science | Medline5
Prandoni P ,Lensing AWA ,Cogo A , et al. The long-term clinical course of acute deep venous thrombosis. Ann Intern Med 1996;125:1-7
Web of Science | Medline6
Kearon C ,Julian JA ,Newman TE ,Ginsberg JS . Noninvasive diagnosis of deep venous thrombosis. Ann Intern Med 1998;128:663-677
Web of Science | Medline7
Kearon C ,Hirsh J . The diagnosis of pulmonary embolism. Haemostasis 1995;25:72-87
Medline8
Bertina RM ,Koeleman BPC ,Koster T , et al. Mutation in blood coagulation factor V associated with resistance to activated protein C. Nature 1994;369:64-67
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline9
Poort SR ,Rosendaal FR ,Reitsma PH ,Bertina RM . A common genetic variation in the 3'-untranslated region of the prothrombin gene is associated with elevated plasma prothrombin levels and an increase in venous thrombosis. Blood 1996;88:3698-3703
Web of Science | Medline10
Loizou S ,McCrea JD ,Rudge AC ,Reynolds R ,Boyle CC ,Harris EN . Measurement of anti-cardiolipin antibodies by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA): standardization and quantitation of results. Clin Exp Immunol 1985;62:738-745
Web of Science | Medline11
Proctor RR ,Rapaport SI . The partial thromboplastin time with kaolin: a simple screening test for first stage plasma clotting factor deficiencies. Am J Clin Pathol 1961;36:212-219
Web of Science | Medline12
Triplett DA ,Barna LK ,Unger GA . A hexagonal (II) phase phospholipid neutralization assay for lupus anticoagulant identification. Thromb Haemost 1993;70:787-793
Web of Science | Medline13
Thiagarajan P ,Pengo V ,Shapiro SS . The use of the dilute Russell viper venom time for the diagnosis of lupus anticoagulants. Blood 1986;68:869-874
Web of Science | Medline14
Prandoni P ,Lensing AWA ,Buller HR , et al. Deep-vein thrombosis and the incidence of subsequent symptomatic cancer. N Engl J Med 1992;327:1128-1133
Full Text | Web of Science | Medline15
Hull R ,Delmore T ,Genton E , et al. Warfarin sodium versus low-dose heparin in the long-term treatment of venous thrombosis. N Engl J Med 1979;301:855-858
Full Text | Web of Science | Medline16
Kaplan EL ,Meier P . Nonparametric estimation from incomplete observations. J Am Stat Assoc 1958;53:457-481
CrossRef | Web of Science17
Mantel N . Evaluation of survival data and two new rank order statistics arising in its consideration. Cancer Chemother Rep 1966;50:163-170
Medline18
Hosmer DW Jr, Lemeshow S. Applied logistic regression. New York: John Wiley, 1989.
19
Schulman S ,Svenungsson E ,Granqvist S . Anticardiolipin antibodies predict early recurrence of thromboembolism and death among patients with venous thromboembolism following anticoagulant therapy. Am J Med 1998;104:332-338
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline20
Simioni P ,Prandoni P ,Zanon E , et al. Deep venous thrombosis and lupus anticoagulant -- a case-control study. Thromb Haemost 1996;76:187-189
Web of Science | Medline21
Rance A ,Emmerich J ,Fiessinger JN . Anticardiolipin antibodies and recurrent thromboembolism. Thromb Haemost 1997;77:221-222
Web of Science | Medline22
Piantadosi S. Clinical trials: a methodologic perspective. New York: John Wiley, 1997:250.
23
Schulman S ,Granqvist S ,Holmstrom M , et al. The duration of oral anticoagulant therapy after a second episode of venous thromboembolism. N Engl J Med 1997;336:393-398
Full Text | Web of Science | Medline24
Levine M ,Hirsh J ,Gent M , et al. Double-blind randomised trial of a very-low-dose warfarin for prevention of thromboembolism in stage IV breast cancer. Lancet 1994;343:886-889
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline25
Bern MM ,Lokich JJ ,Wallach SR , et al. Very low doses of warfarin can prevent thrombosis in central venous catheters: a randomized prospective trial. Ann Intern Med 1990;112:423-428
Web of Science | Medline
- Citing Articles (304)
Citing Articles
1
Frances Caprio, Richard A. Bernstein. (2011) Duration of Anticoagulation After Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis. Neurocritical Care
CrossRef2
E. Noel Savina, F. Couturaud. (2011) Durée optimale du traitement anticoagulant au décours d’une maladie veineuse thrombo-embolique. Journal des Maladies Vasculaires 36, S28-S32
CrossRef3
Takuya Fukuoka, Tomohisa Dembo, Harumitu Nagoya, Yuji Kato, Ohe Yasuko, Ichiro Deguchi, Hajime Maruyama, Yohsuke Horiuchi, Hidetaka Takeda, Norio Tanahashi. (2011) Factors related to recurrence of paradoxical cerebral embolism due to patent foramen ovale. Journal of Neurology
CrossRef4
J. A. Heit, B. D. Lahr, T. M. Petterson, K. R. Bailey, A. A. Ashrani, L. J. Melton. (2011) Heparin and warfarin anticoagulation intensity as predictors of recurrence after deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism: a population-based cohort study. Blood 118:18, 4992-4999
CrossRef5
Marc A. Rodger, Natasha Kekre, Grégoire Le Gal, Susan R. Kahn, Philip S. Wells, David A. Anderson, Isabelle Chagnon, Sussan Solymoss, Mark Crowther, Arnaud Perrier, Richard White, Linda Vickars, Timothy Ramsay, Marisol T. Betancourt, Michael J. Kovacs. (2011) Low prevalence of JAK2 V617F mutation in patients with first unprovoked venous thromboembolism. British Journal of Haematology 155:4, 511-513
CrossRef6
Sergio Siragusa, Alessandra Malato, Giorgia Saccullo, Alfonso Iorio, Mauro Di Ianni, Clementina Caracciolo, Lucio Lo Coco, Simona Raso, Marco Santoro, Francesco Paolo Guarneri, Antonino Tuttolomondo, Antonio Pinto, Iliana Pepe, Alessandra Casuccio, Vincenzo Abbadessa, Giuseppe Licata, Giovan Battista Rini, Guglielmo Mariani, Gaetana Di Fede. (2011) Residual vein thrombosis for assessing duration of anticoagulation after unprovoked deep vein thrombosis of the lower limbs: The extended DACUS study. American Journal of Hematology 86:11, 914-917
CrossRef7
Sidney C. Smith, Emelia J. Benjamin, Robert O. Bonow, Lynne T. Braun, Mark A. Creager, Barry A. Franklin, Raymond J. Gibbons, Scott M. Grundy, Loren F. Hiratzka, Daniel W. Jones, Donald M. Lloyd-Jones, Margo Minissian, Lori Mosca, Eric D. Peterson, Ralph L. Sacco, John Spertus, James H. Stein, Kathryn A. Taubert. (2011) AHA/ACCF Secondary Prevention and Risk Reduction Therapy for Patients With Coronary and Other Atherosclerotic Vascular Disease: 2011 Update. Journal of the American College of Cardiology
CrossRef8
F. Couturaud. (2011) Durée optimale du traitement anticoagulant au décours d’une embolie pulmonaire. Revue des Maladies Respiratoires
CrossRef9
Julia A.M. Anderson, Jeffrey I. Weitz. (2011) Hypercoagulable States. Critical Care Clinics 27:4, 933-952
CrossRef10
Shannon M. Bates. (2011) Pregnancy-Associated Venous Thromboembolism: Prevention and Treatment. Seminars in Hematology 48:4, 271-284
CrossRef11
A. Hamadah, T. Alwasaidi, G. Le Gal, M. Carrier, P. S. Wells, D. Scarvelis, C. Gonsalves, M. Forgie, M. J. Kovacs, M. A. Rodger. (2011) Baseline Imaging After Therapy for Unprovoked Venous Thromboembolism: A Randomised Controlled Comparison of Baseline Imaging for Diagnosis of Suspected Recurrence. Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasisno-no
CrossRef12
Hayan Moualla, David Garcia. (2011) Vitamin K Antagonists – Current Concepts and Challenges. Thrombosis Research 128:3, 210-215
CrossRef13
Cristiano Alessandri, Fabrizio Conti, Monica Pendolino, Riccardo Mancini, Guido Valesini. (2011) New autoantigens in the antiphospholipid syndrome. Autoimmunity Reviews 10:10, 609-616
CrossRef14
Stephan Staubach, Martin Hug, Harald Mudra. (2011) Painful congestion of the lower limbs and recurrent fever. Blood Coagulation & Fibrinolysis1
CrossRef15
J. VAN ES, E. S. EERENBERG, P. W. KAMPHUISEN, H. R. BÜLLER. (2011) How to prevent, treat, and overcome current clinical challenges of VTE. Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis 9, 265-274
CrossRef16
Matthew T. Rondina, Nathan Wanner, Robert C. Pendleton, Larry W. Kraiss, Russell Vinik, Guy A. Zimmerman, Marta Heilbrun, John M. Hoffman, Kathryn A. Morton. (2011) A pilot study utilizing whole body 18 F-FDG-PET/CT as a comprehensive screening strategy for occult malignancy in patients with unprovoked venous thromboembolism. Thrombosis Research
CrossRef17
Job Harenberg, Svetlana Marx, Martin Wehling, Martin Krejczy. (2011) New Anticoagulants - Promising and Failed Developments. British Journal of Pharmacologyno-no
CrossRef18
Francisco Buitrago Ramírez, José Antonio Morales Gabardino, Javier Alejandre Carmona. (2011) Tratamiento y prevención secundaria del tromboembolismo. FMC - Formación Médica Continuada en Atención Primaria 18:6, 366-378
CrossRef19
G. LE GAL, M. CARRIER, M. J. KOVACS, M. T. BETANCOURT, S. R. KAHN, P. S. WELLS, D. A. ANDERSON, I. CHAGNON, S. SOLYMOSS, M. CROWTHER, M. RIGHINI, A. DELLUC, R. H. WHITE, L. VICKARS, M. RODGER. (2011) Residual vein obstruction as a predictor for recurrent thromboembolic events after a first unprovoked episode: data from the REVERSE cohort study. Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis 9:6, 1126-1132
CrossRef20
M. CARRIER, M. A. RODGER, P. S. WELLS, M. RIGHINI, G. LE GAL. (2011) Residual vein obstruction to predict the risk of recurrent venous thromboembolism in patients with deep vein thrombosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis 9:6, 1119-1125
CrossRef21
Rajiv K. Pruthi. (2011) ASH 2010 meeting report-Top 10 clinically oriented abstracts in coagulation medicine and platelet disorders. American Journal of Hematology 86:5, 443-445
CrossRef22
Sameh M. Hakim. (2011) Warfarin for Refractory Chronic Cluster Headache: A Randomized Pilot Study. Headache: The Journal of Head and Face Pain 51:5, 713-725
CrossRef23
Clive Kearon. (2011) Extended anticoagulation for unprovoked venous thromboembolism: a majority of patients should be treated. Journal of Thrombosis and Thrombolysis 31:3, 295-300
CrossRef24
Marco P. Donadini, Walter Ageno. (2011) Which patients with unprovoked VTE should receive extended anticoagulation? the minority. Journal of Thrombosis and Thrombolysis 31:3, 301-305
CrossRef25
J. Rosencher, T. Mirault, I. Martinez, T. Zhu, E. Messas, J. Emmerich. (2011) Facteurs de risque de récidive de la maladie thromboembolique veineuse. Revue des Maladies Respiratoires 28:4, 453-462
CrossRef26
Frank Misselwitz, Scott D. Berkowitz, Elisabeth Perzborn. (2011) The discovery and development of rivaroxaban. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1222:1, 64-75
CrossRef27
Marcus J. Pianta, Kenneth R. Thomson. (2011) Catheter-Directed Thrombolysis of Lower Limb Thrombosis. CardioVascular and Interventional Radiology 34:1, 25-36
CrossRef28
B. Cosmi, C. Legnani, M. Cini, G. Guazzaloca, G. Palareti. (2011) D-dimer and residual vein obstruction as risk factors for recurrence during and after anticoagulation withdrawal in patients with a first episode of provoked deep-vein thrombosis. Thrombosis and Haemostasis 105:5, 837-845
CrossRef29
H. Khoury, S. Welner, M. Kubin, K. Folkerts, S. Haas. (2011) Disease burden and unmet needs for prevention of venous thromboembolism in medically ill patients in Europe show underutilisation of preventive therapies. Thrombosis and Haemostasis 106:4, 600-608
CrossRef30
K. A. Bauer. (2010) Duration of Anticoagulation: Applying the Guidelines and Beyond. Hematology 2010:1, 210-215
CrossRef31
Julia A.M. Anderson, Jeffrey I. Weitz. (2010) Hypercoagulable States. Clinics in Chest Medicine 31:4, 659-673
CrossRef32
Clive Kearon. (2010) Long-term Anticoagulation for Venous Thromboembolism: Duration of Treatment and Management of Warfarin Therapy. Clinics in Chest Medicine 31:4, 719-730
CrossRef33
Marc A. Rodger, Genevieve Le Templier. 2010. Anticoagulant Therapy During Pregnancy and Gynecology. , 111-152.
CrossRef34
Josien van Es, Renée A. Douma, Victor E. A. Gerdes, Pieter W. Kamphuisen, Harry R. Büller. (2010) Acute pulmonary embolism. Part 2: treatment. Nature Reviews Cardiology 7:11, 613-622
CrossRef35
J. Harenberg, R. Bauersachs, C. Diehm, H. Lawall, H. Burkhardt, H. Gerlach, H. Darius, H. Völler, E. Rabe, M. Wehling. (2010) Antikoagulation im Alter. Der Internist 51:11, 1446-1455
CrossRef36
Peter Henke. (2010) Prevention and treatment of the postthrombotic syndrome. Journal of Vascular Surgery 52:5, 21S-28S
CrossRef37
S. C. CHRISTIANSEN, W. M. LIJFERING, F. M. HELMERHORST, F. R. ROSENDAAL, S. C. CANNEGIETER. (2010) Sex difference in risk of recurrent venous thrombosis and the risk profile for a second event. Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis 8:10, 2159-2168
CrossRef38
B. COSMI, C. LEGNANI, A. TOSETTO, V. PENGO, A. GHIRARDUZZI, S. TESTA, D. PRISCO, D. POLI, A. TRIPODI, G. PALARETI, . (2010) Sex, age and normal post-anticoagulation D-dimer as risk factors for recurrence after idiopathic venous thromboembolism in the Prolong study extension. Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis 8:9, 1933-1942
CrossRef39
M.A. Rodger, G. Le Gal, Marc Carrier, M.T. Betancourt, S.R. Kahn, P.S. Wells, D.A. Anderson, K. Lacut, I. Chagnon, S. Solymoss, M. Crowther, A. Perrier, R. White, L. Vickars, T. Ramsay, M.J. Kovacs. (2010) Serum Lipoprotein (a) Levels in Patients with First Unprovoked Venous Thromboembolism is not Associated with Subsequent Risk of Recurrent VTE. Thrombosis Research 126:3, 222-226
CrossRef40
Francis Couturaud, Clive Kearon. (2010) Predictors of thrombosis in relatives of patients with venous thromboembolism. Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine 16:5, 453-458
CrossRef41
M. J. KOVACS, S. R. KAHN, P. S. WELLS, D. A. ANDERSON, I. CHAGNON, G. LE GAL, S. SOLYMOSS, M. CROWTHER, A. PERRIER, T. RAMSAY, M. T. BETANCOURT, R. H. White, L. Vickars, M. A. RODGER. (2010) Patients with a first symptomatic unprovoked deep vein thrombosis are at higher risk of recurrent venous thromboembolism than patients with a first unprovoked pulmonary embolism. Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis 8:9, 1926-1932
CrossRef42
Steven B. Deitelzweig, Jay Lin, Charles Kreilick, Mohamed Hussein, David Battleman. (2010) Warfarin therapy in patients with venous thromboembolism: Patterns of use and predictors of clinical outcomes. Advances in Therapy 27:9, 623-633
CrossRef43
Andrea T. East, Thomas W. Wakefield. (2010) What is the Optimal Duration of Treatment for DVT? An Update on Evidence-Based Medicine of Treatment for DVT. Seminars in Vascular Surgery 23:3, 182-191
CrossRef44
Armando Tripodi, Cristina Legnani, Laura Lemma, Benilde Cosmi, Gualtiero Palareti, Veena Chantarangkul, Pier Mannuccio Mannucci. (2010) Abnormal Protac-induced coagulation inhibition chromogenic assay results are associated with an increased risk of recurrent venous thromboembolism. Journal of Thrombosis and Thrombolysis 30:2, 215-219
CrossRef45
M. Rodger, M. Carrier, E. Gandara, G. Le Gal. (2010) Unprovoked Venous Thromboembolism: Short term or Indefinite Anticoagulation? Balancing Long-Term Risk and Benefit. Blood Reviews 24:4-5, 171-178
CrossRef46
(2010) Meeting the Unmet Needs in Anticoagulant Therapy. European Journal of Haematology 85, 1-28
CrossRef47
N. Labropoulos, G. Spentzouris, A. P. Gasparis, M. Meissner. (2010) Impact and clinical significance of recurrent venous thromboembolism. British Journal of Surgery 97:7, 989-999
CrossRef48
Adam Torbicki. (2010) Enfermedad tromboembólica pulmonar. Manejo clínico de la enfermedad aguda y crónica. Revista Española de Cardiología 63:7, 832-849
CrossRef49
Timothy B. Lautz, Farah Abbas, Sarah J. Novis Walsh, Christopher Chow, Daniel J. Amaranto, Edward Wang, Donna Blackburn, William H. Pearce, Melina R. Kibbe. (2010) Isolated Gastrocnemius and Soleal Vein Thrombosis. Annals of Surgery 251:4, 735-742
CrossRef50
B. Cosmi, C. Legnani, A. Iorio, V. Pengo, A. Ghirarduzzi, S. Testa, D. Poli, A. Tripodi, G. Palareti. (2010) Residual Venous Obstruction, alone and in Combination with D-Dimer, as a Risk Factor for Recurrence after Anticoagulation Withdrawal following a First Idiopathic Deep Vein Thrombosis in the Prolong Study. European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery 39:3, 356-365
CrossRef51
M D Stevenson, E L Simpson, A C Rawdin, D E Papaioannou. (2010) A review of discrete event simulation in National Coordinating Centre for Health Technology Assessment-funded work and a case study exploring the cost-effectiveness of testing for thrombophilia in patients presenting with an initial idiopathic venous thromboembolism. Journal of Simulation 4:1, 14-23
CrossRef52
Francesco Dentali, Mark Crowther. (2010) Antiphospholipid antibodies in critical illness. Critical Care Medicine 38, S51-S56
CrossRef53
V. PENGO, A. RUFFATTI, C. LEGNANI, P. GRESELE, D. BARCELLONA, N. ERBA, S. TESTA, F. MARONGIU, E. BISON, G. DENAS, A. BANZATO, S. PADAYATTIL JOSE, S. ILICETO. (2010) Clinical course of high-risk patients diagnosed with antiphospholipid syndrome. Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis 8:2, 237-242
CrossRef54
T. BAGLIN. (2010) Unraveling the thrombophilia paradox: from hypercoagulability to the prothrombotic state. Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis 8:2, 228-233
CrossRef55
B. Cosmi, C. Legnani, A. Tosetto, V. Pengo, A. Ghirarduzzi, S. Testa, D. Prisco, D. Poli, A. Tripodi, F. Marongiu, G. Palareti, . (2010) Usefulness of repeated D-dimer testing after stopping anticoagulation for a first episode of unprovoked venous thromboembolism: the PROLONG II prospective study. Blood 115:3, 481-488
CrossRef56
Rajiv K. Pruthi. (2010) ASH 2009 meeting report-Top 10 clinically oriented abstracts in coagulation medicine and platelet disorders. American Journal of HematologyNA-NA
CrossRef57
Aaron B. Holley, Christopher S. King, Jeffrey L. Jackson, Lisa K. Moores. (2010) Different Finite Durations of Anticoagulation and Outcomes following Idiopathic Venous Thromboembolism: A Meta-Analysis. Thrombosis 2010, 1-9
CrossRef58
Susan Murin, Kathryn Bilello, Lisa Moores, Aaron Holley. 2010. Gender Issues in Venous Thromboembolism. , 225-243.
CrossRef59
Lisbeth Eischer, Sabine Eichinger, Paul A. Kyrle. (2009) Age at First Venous Thromboembolism and Risk of Recurrence. Medicine 88:6, 366-370
CrossRef60
Benilde Cosmi, Cristina Legnani, Alberto Tosetto, Vittorio Pengo, Angelo Ghirarduzzi, Adriano Alatri, Domenico Prisco, Daniela Poli, Armando Tripodi, Gualtiero Palareti. (2009) Use of D-dimer testing to determine duration of anticoagulation, risk of cardiovascular events and occult cancer after a first episode of idiopathic venous thromboembolism: the extended follow-up of the PROLONG study. Journal of Thrombosis and Thrombolysis 28:4, 381-388
CrossRef61
K. MEIJER, S. SCHULMAN. (2009) The absence of `minor' risk factors for recurrent venous thromboembolism: a systematic review of negative predictive values and negative likelihood ratios. Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis 7:10, 1619-1628
CrossRef62
M. Houman Fekrazad, Renato D. Lopes, Gregg J. Stashenko, John H. Alexander, David Garcia. (2009) Treatment of venous thromboembolism: guidelines translated for the clinician. Journal of Thrombosis and Thrombolysis 28:3, 270-275
CrossRef63
Guido Finazzi, Giulio Mingardi. (2009) Oral anticoagulant therapy in hemodialysis patients: do the benefits outweigh the risks?. Internal and Emergency Medicine 4:5, 375-380
CrossRef64
B. Giannakopoulos, S. A. Krilis. (2009) How I treat the antiphospholipid syndrome. Blood 114:10, 2020-2030
CrossRef65
W. M. Lijfering, N. J. G. M. Veeger, S. Middeldorp, K. Hamulyak, M. H. Prins, H. R. Buller, J. van der Meer. (2009) A lower risk of recurrent venous thrombosis in women compared with men is explained by sex-specific risk factors at time of first venous thrombosis in thrombophilic families. Blood 114:10, 2031-2036
CrossRef66
Rachel M. Holden, Catherine M. Clase. (2009) Use of Warfarin in People with Low Glomerular Filtration Rate or on Dialysis. Seminars in Dialysis 22:5, 503-511
CrossRef67
Suhail Allaqaband, Romas Kirvaitis, Fuad Jan, Tanvir Bajwa. (2009) Endovascular Treatment of Peripheral Vascular Disease. Current Problems in Cardiology 34:9, 359-476
CrossRef68
C. KEARON. (2009) Balancing risks and benefits of extended anticoagulant therapy for idiopathic venous thrombosis. Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis 7, 296-300
CrossRef69
Sam Schulman. 2009. Anticoagulants for the Treatment ofVenous Thromboembolism. , 155-170.
CrossRef70
John A. Kaufman, John H. Rundback, Stephen T. Kee, William Geerts, David Gillespie, Susan R. Kahn, Clive Kearon, John Rectenwald, Frederick B. Rogers, S. William Stavropoulos. (2009) Development of a Research Agenda for Inferior Vena Cava Filters: Proceedings from a Multidisciplinary Research Consensus Panel. Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology 20:6, 697-707
CrossRef71
Sergio Siragusa, Domenica Caramazza, Alessandra Malato. (2009) How should we determine length of anticoagulation after proximal deep vein thrombosis of the lower limbs?. British Journal of Haematology 144:6, 832-837
CrossRef72
W. Lim. (2009) Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome. Hematology 2009:1, 233-239
CrossRef73
Robert A.E. Clayton, Paul Gaston, Adam C. Watts, Colin R. Howie. (2009) Thromboembolic disease after total knee replacement: Experience of 5100 cases. The Knee 16:1, 18-21
CrossRef74
Levent Oguzkurt, Fahri Tercan, Ugur Ozkan, Oner Gulcan. (2008) Iliac vein compression syndrome: Outcome of endovascular treatment with long-term follow-up. European Journal of Radiology 68:3, 487-492
CrossRef75
C. Kearon, J. A. Julian, M. J. Kovacs, D. R. Anderson, P. Wells, B. MacKinnon, J. I. Weitz, M. A. Crowther, S. Dolan, A. G. Turpie, W. Geerts, S. Solymoss, P. van Nguyen, C. Demers, S. R. Kahn, J. Kassis, M. Rodger, J. Hambleton, M. Gent, J. S. Ginsberg, . (2008) Influence of thrombophilia on risk of recurrent venous thromboembolism while on warfarin: results from a randomized trial. Blood 112:12, 4432-4436
CrossRef76
David Garcia. (2008) Duration of anticoagulant therapy for patients with venous thromboembolism. Thrombosis Research 123, S62-S64
CrossRef77
Sean Lille. (2008) The Importance of Inherited Thrombophilias. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 122:6, 232e
CrossRef78
Fernando Uresandi, Gemma Iruin, Beatriz Gómez, Amaia Uresandi. (2008) Seguimiento de la tromboembolia pulmonar. Medicina Clínica 131, 54-59
CrossRef79
Saskia Middeldorp, Astrid van Hylckama Vlieg. (2008) Does thrombophilia testing help in the clinical management of patients?. British Journal of Haematology 143:3, 321-335
CrossRef80
Christina M. Scifres, George A. Macones. (2008) The utility of thrombophilia testing in pregnant women with thrombosis: fact or fiction?. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 199:4, 344.e1-344.e7
CrossRef81
M. BESSER, C. BAGLIN, R. LUDDINGTON, A. VAN HYLCKAMA VLIEG, T. BAGLIN. (2008) High rate of unprovoked recurrent venous thrombosis is associated with high thrombin-generating potential in a prospective cohort study. Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis 6:10, 1720-1725
CrossRef82
Timothy K. Liem, Thomas G. DeLoughery. (2008) First Episode and Recurrent Venous Thromboembolism: Who is Identifiably at Risk?. Seminars in Vascular Surgery 21:3, 132-138
CrossRef83
Guy Meyer, Benjamin Planquette, Olivier Sanchez. (2008) Long-term outcome of pulmonary embolism. Current Opinion in Hematology 15:5, 499-503
CrossRef84
S. Siragusa, A. Malato, R. Anastasio, V. Cigna, G. Milio, C. Amato, M. Bellisi, M. T. Attanzio, O. Cormaci, M. Pellegrino, A. Dolce, A. Casuccio, G. Bajardi, G. Mariani. (2008) Residual vein thrombosis to establish duration of anticoagulation after a first episode of deep vein thrombosis: the Duration of Anticoagulation based on Compression UltraSonography (DACUS) study. Blood 112:3, 511-515
CrossRef85
A. TRIPODI, C. LEGNANI, V. CHANTARANGKUL, B. COSMI, G. PALARETI, P. M. MANNUCCI. (2008) High thrombin generation measured in the presence of thrombomodulin is associated with an increased risk of recurrent venous thromboembolism. Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis 6:8, 1327-1333
CrossRef86
H. G. WATSON. (2008) Upper extremity deep vein thrombosis not the same disease at a different site. Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis 6:8, 1267-1268
CrossRef87
Job Harenberg, Ingrid Jörg, Yvonne Vukojevic, Gerd Mikus, Christel Weiss. (2008) Anticoagulant effects of Idraparinux after termination of therapy for prevention of recurrent venous thromboembolism: observations from the van Gogh trials. European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 64:6, 555-563
CrossRef88
M. Levi, G. K. Hovingh, S. C. Cannegieter, M. Vermeulen, H. R. Buller, F. R. Rosendaal. (2008) Bleeding in patients receiving vitamin K antagonists who would have been excluded from trials on which the indication for anticoagulation was based. Blood 111:9, 4471-4476
CrossRef89
A. VAN HYLCKAMA VLIEG, C. A. BAGLIN, L. A. BARE, F. R. ROSENDAAL, T. P. BAGLIN. (2008) Proof of principle of potential clinical utility of multiple SNP analysis for prediction of recurrent venous thrombosis. Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis 6:5, 751-754
CrossRef90
Silvia S Pierangeli, Eon Nigel Harris. (2008) A protocol for determination of anticardiolipin antibodies by ELISA. Nature Protocols 3:5, 840-848
CrossRef91
D. POLI, E. ANTONUCCI, G. CIUTI, R. ABBATE, D. PRISCO. (2008) Combination of D-dimer, F1+2 and residual vein obstruction as predictors of VTE recurrence in patients with first VTE episode after OAT withdrawal. Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis 6:4, 708-710
CrossRef92
T. BAGLIN, C. R. PALMER, R. LUDDINGTON, C. BAGLIN. (2008) Unprovoked recurrent venous thrombosis: prediction by D-dimer and clinical risk factors. Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis 6:4, 577-582
CrossRef93
Sanjiv Parikh, Amir Motarjeme, Thomas McNamara, Rodney Raabe, Klaus Hagspiel, James F. Benenati, Keith Sterling, Anthony Comerota. (2008) Ultrasound-accelerated Thrombolysis for the Treatment of Deep Vein Thrombosis: Initial Clinical Experience. Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology 19:4, 521-528
CrossRef94
Guy Meyer, Benjamin Planquette, Olivier Sanchez. (2008) Long-term outcome of pulmonary embolism. Therapy 5:2, 159-167
CrossRef95
Y Caraco, S Blotnick, M Muszkat. (2008) CYP2C9 Genotype-guided Warfarin Prescribing Enhances the Efficacy and Safety of Anticoagulation: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Study. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics 83:3, 460-470
CrossRef96
Victoria E Price, Anthony KC Chan. (2008) Venous thrombosis in children. Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy 6:3, 411-418
CrossRef97
Giancarlo Agnelli, Cecilia Becattini. (2008) Treatment of DVT: how long is enough and how do you predict recurrence. Journal of Thrombosis and Thrombolysis 25:1, 37-44
CrossRef98
Tracy Y. Wang, Lee A. Robinson, Fang-Shu Ou, Matthew T. Roe, E. Magnus Ohman, W. Brian Gibler, Sidney C. Smith, Eric D. Peterson, Richard C. Becker. (2008) Discharge antithrombotic strategies among patients with acute coronary syndrome previously on warfarin anticoagulation: Physician practice in the CRUSADE registry. American Heart Journal 155:2, 361-368
CrossRef99
H. Bounameaux, A. Perrier. (2008) Duration of Anticoagulation Therapy for Venous Thromboembolism. Hematology 2008:1, 252-258
CrossRef100
Benilde Cosmi, Cristina Legnani, Michela Cini, Elisabetta Favaretto, Gualtiero Palareti. (2008) D-dimer and factor VIII are independent risk factors for recurrence after anticoagulation withdrawal for a first idiopathic deep vein thrombosis. Thrombosis Research 122:5, 610-617
CrossRef101
C. KEARON. (2007) Indefinite anticoagulation after a first episode of unprovoked venous thromboembolism: yes. Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis 5:12, 2330-2335
CrossRef102
T. BAGLIN. (2007) Unprovoked deep vein thrombosis should be treated with long-term anticoagulation - no. Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis 5:12, 2336-2339
CrossRef103
Ledys DiMarsico, Tyler Cymet. (2007) Pulmonary Embolism—A State of the Clot Review. Comprehensive Therapy 33:4, 184-191
CrossRef104
D. A. Garcia, M. A. Khamashta, M. A. Crowther. (2007) How we diagnose and treat thrombotic manifestations of the antiphospholipid syndrome: a case-based review. Blood 110:9, 3122-3127
CrossRef105
Wendy Lim, Mark A Crowther. (2007) Antiphospholipid antibiodies: a critical review of the literature. Current Opinion in Hematology 14:5, 494-499
CrossRef106
Jean-Luc Gillet, Michel R. Perrin, François A. Allaert. (2007) Short-term and mid-term outcome of isolated symptomatic muscular calf vein thrombosis. Journal of Vascular Surgery 46:3, 513-519
CrossRef107
Sam Schulman. (2007) Is 3 months the optimum duration of anticoagulation therapy for deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism?. Nature Clinical Practice Cardiovascular Medicine 4:9, 472-473
CrossRef108
M. Galli, G. Borrelli, E. M. Jacobsen, R. M. Marfisi, G. Finazzi, R. Marchioli, F. Wisloff, S. Marziali, O. Morboeuf, T. Barbui. (2007) Clinical significance of different antiphospholipid antibodies in the WAPS (warfarin in the antiphospholipid syndrome) study. Blood 110:4, 1178-1183
CrossRef109
Gennaro Vecchione, Bruno Casetta, Michela Tomaiuolo, Elvira Grandone, Maurizio Margaglione. (2007) A rapid method for the quantification of the enantiomers of Warfarin, Phenprocoumon and Acenocoumarol by two-dimensional-enantioselective liquid chromatography/electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. Journal of Chromatography B 850:1-2, 507-514
CrossRef110
Thomas C. Krivak, Kristin K. Zorn. (2007) Venous Thromboembolism in Obstetrics and Gynecology. Obstetrics & Gynecology 109:3, 761-777
CrossRef111
J. H. Rand. (2007) The Antiphospholipid Syndrome. Hematology 2007:1, 136-142
CrossRef112
Matthew T. Rondina, Robert C. Pendleton, Michelle Wheeler, George M. Rodgers. (2007) The treatment of venous thromboembolism in special populations. Thrombosis Research 119:4, 391-402
CrossRef113
Guillermo Ruiz-Irastorza, Munther A. Khamashta. (2007) Comments on the Editorial “Antiphospholypid Syndrome: New Clinical and Therapeutic Perspectives”. Reumatolog ía Cl ínica (English Edition) 3:2, 90
CrossRef114
Frederick R. Rickles, Mark Levine. 2007. Thrombosis and Cancer. , 389-403.
CrossRef115
Jacob H. Rand, Miles B. Levin, Barbara M. Alving. 2007. The Antiphospholipid Syndrome: Clinical Presentation, Diagnosis, and Patient Management. , 319-338.
CrossRef116
Christine L. Hann, Michael B. Streiff. 2007. Vena Caval Filters. , 531-552.
CrossRef117
John A. Heit. 2007. Thrombophilia: Clinical and Laboratory Assessment and Management. , 211-244.
CrossRef118
Gérard Helft, Martine Gilard, Claude Le Feuvre, Azfar G Zaman. (2006) Drug Insight: antithrombotic therapy after percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with an indication for anticoagulation. Nature Clinical Practice Cardiovascular Medicine 3:12, 673-680
CrossRef119
Francesco Dentali, Walter Ageno, Davide Imberti. (2006) Retrievable vena cava filters: clinical experience. Current Opinion in Internal Medicine 5:6, 617-622
CrossRef120
T. BAGLIN. (2006) Value of D-dimer testing to decide duration of anticoagulation after deep vein thrombosis: not yet. Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis 4:12, 2530-2532
CrossRef121
Palareti, Gualtiero, Cosmi, Benilde, Legnani, Cristina, Tosetto, Alberto, Brusi, Carlotta, Iorio, Alfonso, Pengo, Vittorio, Ghirarduzzi, Angelo, Pattacini, Corrado, Testa, Sophie, Lensing, Anthonie W.A., Tripodi, Armando, . (2006) d-Dimer Testing to Determine the Duration of Anticoagulation Therapy. New England Journal of Medicine 355:17, 1780-1789
Full Text122
2006. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. .
CrossRef123
Philip S Wells, Josdalyne L Anderson, Marc A Rodger, Nancy Carson, Rebecca L Grimwood, Steve P Doucette. (2006) The factor XIII Val34Leu polymorphism: is it protective against idiopathic venous thromboembolism?. Blood Coagulation & Fibrinolysis 17:7, 533-538
CrossRef124
L. YOUNG, P. OCKELFORD, D. MILNE, V. ROLFE-VYSON, S. MCKELVIE, P. HARPER. (2006) Post-treatment residual thrombus increases the risk of recurrent deep vein thrombosis and mortality. Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis 4:9, 1919-1924
CrossRef125
Michael B. Streiff, Jodi B. Segal, Leonardo J. Tamariz, Mollie W. Jenckes, Dennis T. Bolger, John Eng, Jerry A. Krishnan, Eric B. Bass. (2006) Duration of vitamin K antagonist therapy for venous thromboembolism: A systematic review of the literature. American Journal of Hematology 81:9, 684-691
CrossRef126
F DENTALI. (2006) Acquired Thrombophilia during Pregnancy. Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics of North America 33:3, 375-388
CrossRef127
Caterina Mannucci, James D. Douketis. (2006) The management of patients who require temporary reversal of vitamin K antagonists for surgery: a practical guide for clinicians. Internal and Emergency Medicine 1:2, 96-104
CrossRef128
Simon McRae, Huyen Tran, Sam Schulman, Jeff Ginsberg, Clive Kearon. (2006) Effect of patient's sex on risk of recurrent venous thromboembolism: a meta-analysis. The Lancet 368:9533, 371-378
CrossRef129
Guillermo Ruiz-Irastorza, Munther A Khamashta. (2006) Antiphospholipid syndrome: treatment controversies. Future Rheumatology 1:3, 345-353
CrossRef130
Philippe de Moerloose, Charles Marc Samama, Serge Motte. (2006) Management of venous thromboembolism. Canadian Journal of Anesthesia/Journal canadien d'anesthésie 53:S2, S80-S88
CrossRef131
David Keeling. (2006) Duration of anticoagulation: decision making based on absolute risk. Blood Reviews 20:3, 173-178
CrossRef132
Gordon D. O. Lowe. (2006) Can haematological tests predict cardiovascular risk? The 2005 Kettle Lecture*. British Journal of Haematology 133:3, 232-250
CrossRef133
G. HRON, S. EICHINGER, A. WELTERMANN, P. QUEHENBERGER, W. M. HALBMAYER, P. A. KYRLE. (2006) Prediction of recurrent venous thromboembolism by the activated partial thromboplastin time. Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis 4:4, 752-756
CrossRef134
Karin Wahlander, Henry Eriksson, Torbjorn Lundstrom, Solveig Billing Clason, Ulrika Wall, Per Nystrom, Peter Wessman, Sam Schulman, . (2006) Risk of recurrent venous thromboembolism or bleeding in relation to thrombophilic risk factors in patients receiving ximelagatran or placebo for long-term secondary prevention of venous thromboembolism. British Journal of Haematology 133:1, 68-77
CrossRef135
Job Harenberg, Ingrid Jörg, Christel Weiss. (2006) Incidence of recurrent venous thromboembolism of patients after termination of treatment with ximelagatran. European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 62:3, 173-177
CrossRef136
A. M. NJAASTAD, U. ABILDGAARD, J. F. LASSEN. (2006) Gains and losses of warfarin therapy as performed in an anticoagulation clinic. Journal of Internal Medicine 259:3, 296-304
CrossRef137
Samuel Z. Goldhaber. (2006) Low Intensity Warfarin Anticoagulation is Safe and Effective as a Long-Term Venous Thromboembolism Prevention Strategy. Journal of Thrombosis and Thrombolysis 21:1, 51-52
CrossRef138
Susan R. Kahn. (2006) The Post-thrombotic Syndrome: The Forgotten Morbidity of Deep Venous Thrombosis. Journal of Thrombosis and Thrombolysis 21:1, 41-48
CrossRef139
Michael J Kovacs. (2006) The Standard is Still the Standard or Why an INR of 2–3 is Still the Optimal Intensity for Secondary Prevention of Venous Thromboembolism. Journal of Thrombosis and Thrombolysis 21:1, 53-56
CrossRef140
John A. Heit. (2006) The Epidemiology of Venous Thromboembolism in the Community: Implications for Prevention and Management. Journal of Thrombosis and Thrombolysis 21:1, 23-29
CrossRef141
Barbara A Hutten, Martin H Prins, Martin H Prins. 2006. Duration of treatment with vitamin K antagonists in symptomatic venous thromboembolism. .
CrossRef142
Dorothy S. Lo, Christian G. Rabbat, Catherine M. Clase. (2006) Thromboembolism and anticoagulant management in hemodialysis patients: A practical guide to clinical management. Thrombosis Research 118:3, 385-395
CrossRef143
Massimo Franchini, Dino Veneri, Gian Luca Salvagno, Franco Manzato, Giuseppe Lippi. (2006) Inherited Thrombophilia. Critical Reviews in Clinical Laboratory Sciences 43:3, 249-290
CrossRef144
Shir-Jing Ho, Tim A Brighton. (2006) Ximelagatran, direct thrombin inhibitor, oral anticoagulants, thromboprophylaxis. Vascular Health and Risk Management 2:1, 49-58
CrossRef145
Eduardo Ramacciotti, Marise Gomes, Eduardo Toledo de Aguiar, Jackson S. Caiafa, Liberato Karaoglan de Moura, Gilson R. Araújo, Ana Truzzi, Flavia Dietrich-Neto. (2006) A cost analysis of the treatment of patients with post-thrombotic syndrome in Brazil. Thrombosis Research 118:6, 699-704
CrossRef146
Fiona Newall, Paul Monagle, Linda Johnston. (2005) Patient understanding of warfarin therapy: A review of education strategies. Hematology 10:6, 437-442
CrossRef147
A. Mansilha, F. Araújo, M. Severo, S.M. Sampaio, T. Toledo, R. Albuquerque. (2005) Genetic Polymorphisms and Risk of Recurrent Deep Venous Thrombosis in Young People: Prospective Cohort Study. European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery 30:5, 545-549
CrossRef148
Ramón Lecumberri, Jesús Feliu, Eduardo Rocha. (2005) Nuevas estrategias en la prevención secundaria de la recurrencia de la tromboembolia venosa. Medicina Clínica 125:19, 748-755
CrossRef149
David Garcia, Walter Ageno, Edward Libby. (2005) Update on the diagnosis and management of pulmonary embolism. British Journal of Haematology 131:3, 301-312
CrossRef150
, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , . (2005) Interdisziplinäre S2-Leitlinie. Diagnostik und Therapie der Bein- und Beckenvenenthrombose und der Lungenembolie. Intensivmedizin und Notfallmedizin 42:7, 552-565
CrossRef151
Jeremy R. Payne, Bruce Coull. (2005) Antithrombotic Therapy for Stroke in Young Adults. Journal of Thrombosis and Thrombolysis 20:2, 127-132
CrossRef152
Paula G. Rychlik, Karol S. Henry, Henry I. Bussey. (2005) Duration of Treatment of Deep Vein Thrombosis: Time for a New Approach?. Pharmacotherapy 25:8, 1112-1115
CrossRef153
J. A. HEIT. (2005) Venous thromboembolism: disease burden, outcomes and risk factors. Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis 3:8, 1611-1617
CrossRef154
Clive Kearon, Michael J Kovacs, Jim A Julian. (2005) Deep vein thrombosis. The Lancet 366:9480, 118
CrossRef155
Charles J Glueck, Richard A Freiberg, Luann Sieve, Ping Wang. (2005) Enoxaparin Prevents Progression of Stages I and II Osteonecrosis of the Hip. Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research &NA;:435, 164-170
CrossRef156
José María Calvo Romero. (2005) Hemorragias graves asociadas al tratamiento a largo plazo con acenocumarol en pacientes con enfermedad tromboembólica venosa en un área rural de Extremadura. Medicina Clínica 125:2, 76-77
CrossRef157
David B. Matchar, Alan K. Jacobson, Robert G. Edson, Philip W. Lavori, Jack E. Ansell, Michael D. Ezekowitz, Frederick Rickles, Lou Fiore, Kathy Boardman, Ciaran Phibbs, Stephan D. Fihn, Julia E. Vertrees, Rowena Dolor. (2005) The Impact of Patient Self-Testing of Prothrombin Time for Managing Anticoagulation: Rationale and Design of VA Cooperative Study #481—The Home INR Study (THINRS). Journal of Thrombosis and Thrombolysis 19:3, 163-172
CrossRef158
GUILLERMO RUIZ-IRASTORZA, MUNTHER A. KHAMASHTA. (2005) Management of Thrombosis in Antiphospholipid Syndrome and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in Pregnancy. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1051:1, 606-612
CrossRef159
G. PALARETI, C. LEGNANI, B. COSMI, G. GUAZZALOCA, M. CINI, S. MATTAROZZI. (2005) Poor anticoagulation quality in the first 3 months after unprovoked venous thromboembolism is a risk factor for long-term recurrence. Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis 3:5, 955-961
CrossRef160
Christy Locke, Susan L. Ravnan, Rajul Patel, James A. Uchizono. (2005) Reduction in Warfarin Adverse Events Requiring Patient Hospitalization After Implementation of a Pharmacist-Managed Anticoagulation Service. Pharmacotherapy 25:5, 685-689
CrossRef161
Paul A Kyrle, Sabine Eichinger. (2005) Deep vein thrombosis. The Lancet 365:9465, 1163-1174
CrossRef162
Paolo Prandoni. (2005) Emerging strategies for treatment of venous thromboembolism. Expert Opinion on Emerging Drugs 10:1, 87-94
CrossRef163
Daniel Most, Jeffrey Kozlow, Jennifer Heller, Michele A. Shermak. (2005) Thromboembolism in Plastic Surgery. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 115:2, 20e-30e
CrossRef164
Mark A. Crowther, Finn Wisloff. (2005) Evidence based treatment of the antiphospholipid syndrome. Thrombosis Research 115:1-2, 3-8
CrossRef165
Elizabeth Blanchard, Jack Ansell. (2005) Extended Anticoagulation Therapy for the Primary and Secondary Prevention of Venous Thromboembolism. Drugs 65:3, 303-311
CrossRef166
Paolo Prandoni. (2005) Venous thromboembolism risk and management in women with cancer and thrombophilia. Gender Medicine 2, S28-S34
CrossRef167
Maria Gabriella Santamaria, Giancarlo Agnelli, Maria Rita Taliani, Paolo Prandoni, Marco Moia, Mario Bazzan, Giuliana Guazzaloca, Walter Ageno, Adriano Bertoldi, Mauro Silingardi, Cristina Tomasi, Giovan Battista Ambrosio. (2005) Thrombophilic abnormalities and recurrence of venous thromboembolism in patients treated with standardized anticoagulant treatment. Thrombosis Research 116:4, 301-306
CrossRef168
M. J. L. VAN STRIJEN, W. DE MONYE, G. J. KIEFT, P. M. T. PATTYNAMA, M. H. PRINS, M. V. HUISMAN. (2005) Accuracy of single-detector spiral CT in the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism: a prospective multicenter cohort study of consecutive patients with abnormal perfusion scintigraphy. Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis 3:1, 17-25
CrossRef169
Armando Tripodi. (2005) Issues Concerning the Laboratory Investigation of Inherited Thrombophilia. Molecular Diagnosis 9:4, 181-186
CrossRef170
Darlene J. Elias. (2004) Pulmonary Embolism in Orthopaedic Patients: Diagnosis and Treatment. Techniques in Orthopaedics 19:4, 317-326
CrossRef171
Kenneth A. Bauer. (2004) Low intensity warfarin: is it clinically useful in venous thromboembolism management?. British Journal of Haematology 127:2, 155-158
CrossRef172
David Bergqvist. (2004) Bleeding profiles of anticoagulants, including the novel oral direct thrombin inhibitor ximelagatran: definitions, incidence and management. European Journal of Haematology 73:4, 227-242
CrossRef173
Anthony J. Busti, Henry I. Bussey. (2004) The Role of Oral Direct Thrombin Inhibitors in the Treatment of Venous Thromboembolism. Pharmacotherapy 24:10 Part 2, 184S-189S
CrossRef174
R. D. Mcbane Ii, N. L. Hassinger, D. E. Grill, J. H. Chesebro. (2004) The impact of vitamin K-dependent factor depletion by warfarin on platelet-rich thrombosis after deep arterial injury. Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis 2:10, 1834-1841
CrossRef175
S STONE, T MORRIS. (2004) Pulmonary embolism and pregnancy. Critical Care Clinics 20:4, 661-677
CrossRef176
A LAVALLEGRAEF, L VILLEGASACOSTA, C LAVALLE. (2004) Trends of anticardiolipin antibodies after low-dose methylprednisolone and cyclophosphamide treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus. Archives of Medical Research 35:5, 421-426
CrossRef177
Ken Ishikura, Hideo Wada, Yuko Kamikura, Kyouko Hattori, Toshiaki Fukuzawa, Norikazu Yamada, Masio Nakamura, Tsutomu Nobori, Takeshi Nakano. (2004) High prevalence of anti-prothrombin antibody in patients with deep vein thrombosis. American Journal of Hematology 76:4, 338-342
CrossRef178
Bates, Shannon M., Ginsberg, Jeffrey S., . (2004) Treatment of Deep-Vein Thrombosis. New England Journal of Medicine 351:3, 268-277
Full Text179
P. M. Ridker. (2004) Long-term low-dose warfarin use is effective in the prevention of recurrent venous thromboembolism: yes. Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis 2:7, 1034-1037
CrossRef180
M. J. Kovacs. (2004) Long-term low-dose warfarin use is effective in the prevention of recurrent venous thromboembolism: no. Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis 2:7, 1041-1043
CrossRef181
G. Agnelli. (2004) Long-term low-dose warfarin use is effective in the prevention of recurrent venous thromboembolism: no. Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis 2:7, 1038-1040
CrossRef182
Kyrle, Paul A., Minar, Erich, Bialonczyk, Christine, Hirschl, Mirko, Weltermann, Ansgar, Eichinger, Sabine, . (2004) The Risk of Recurrent Venous Thromboembolism in Men and Women. New England Journal of Medicine 350:25, 2558-2563
Full Text183
Lisa Moores, Kathryn L Bilello, Susan Murin. (2004) Sex and gender issues and venous thromboembolism. Clinics in Chest Medicine 25:2, 281-297
CrossRef184
Cabot, Richard C.Harris, Nancy Lee, Shepard, Jo-Anne O., Ebeling, Sally H.Ellender, Stacey M.Peters, Christine C., Goldhaber, Samuel Z., Nadel, Eric S., King, Mary Etta, Sharma, Amita, . (2004) Case 17-2004. New England Journal of Medicine 350:22, 2281-2290
Full Text185
Arina J ten Cate-Hoek, Martin H Prins. (2004) Appropriate level and length of postthrombotic warfarin treatment: an evaluation of recent developments. Current Opinion in Hematology 11:3, 182-186
CrossRef186
C. Kearon, J. S. Ginsberg, D. R. Anderson, M. J. Kovacs, P. Wells, J. A. Julian, B. Mackinnon, C. Demers, J. Douketis, A. G. Turpie, P. Van Nguyen, D. Green, J. Kassis, S. R. Kahn, S. Solymoss, L. Desjardins, W. Geerts, M. Johnston, J. I. Weitz, J. Hirsh, M. Gent, . (2004) Comparison of 1 month with 3 months of anticoagulation for a first episode of venous thromboembolism associated with a transient risk factor. Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis 2:5, 743-749
CrossRef187
Shuwei Gao, Carmen Escalante. (2004) Venous thromboembolism and malignancy. Expert Review of Anticancer Therapy 4:2, 303-320
CrossRef188
(2004) Erratum. Current Opinion in Hematology 11:2, 112
CrossRef189
Finn Wisløff, Mark Crowther. (2004) Evidence-based treatment of the antiphospholipid syndrome. Thrombosis Research 114:2, 75-81
CrossRef190
Mark A. Crowther. (2004) Anticoagulant therapy for the thrombotic complications of the antiphospholipid antibody syndrome. Thrombosis Research 114:5-6, 443-446
CrossRef191
Doruk Erkan, Michael D. Lockshin. (2004) How much warfarin is enough in APS related thrombosis?. Thrombosis Research 114:5-6, 435-442
CrossRef192
Henry Eriksson. (2004) Treatment of Venous Thromboembolism and Long-Term Prevention of Recurrence. Drugs 64:Supplement 1, 37-46
CrossRef193
J. Kelly, B. J. Hunt. (2003) Do anticoagulants improve survival in patients presenting with venous thromboembolism?. Journal of Internal Medicine 254:6, 527-539
CrossRef194
R. Vink, R. A. Kraaijenhagen, M. Levi, H. R. Buller. (2003) Individualized duration of oral anticoagulant therapy for deep vein thrombosis based on a decision model. Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis 1:12, 2523-2530
CrossRef195
(2003) Low-Intensity versus Conventional-Intensity Warfarin for Prevention of Recurrent Venous Thromboembolism. New England Journal of Medicine 349:22, 2164-2167
Full Text196
Steven R Deitcher, Joseph A Caprini. (2003) Calf deep venous thrombosis should be treated with anticoagulation. Medical Clinics of North America 87:6, 1157-1164
CrossRef197
Daniel J Brotman, Scott Kaatz. (2003) Should patients on warfarin for 3 months for idiopathic proximal deep venous thrombosis receive bridging therapy precolonoscopy (with expected biopsy)?. Medical Clinics of North America 87:6, 1205-1214
CrossRef198
Marcelo P.V Gomes, Karen L Kaplan, Steven R Deitcher. (2003) Patients with inferior vena caval filters should receive chronic thromboprophylaxis. Medical Clinics of North America 87:6, 1189-1203
CrossRef199
Marc Ruivard, Christine Berger, Abdellaziz Achaibi, Claude Campagne, Pierre Philippe. (2003) Physician Compliance with Outpatient Oral Anticoagulant Guidelines in Auvergne, France. Journal of General Internal Medicine 18:11, 903-907
CrossRef200
Schulman, Sam, Wåhlander, Karin, Lundström, Torbjörn, Clason, Solveig Billing, Eriksson, Henry, . (2003) Secondary Prevention of Venous Thromboembolism with the Oral Direct Thrombin Inhibitor Ximelagatran. New England Journal of Medicine 349:18, 1713-1721
Full Text201
Michelle Petri. (2003) Evidence-based management of thrombosis in the antiphospholipid antibody syndrome. Current Rheumatology Reports 5:5, 370-373
CrossRef202
Crowther, Mark A., Ginsberg, Jeff S., Julian, Jim, Denburg, Judah, Hirsh, Jack, Douketis, James, Laskin, Carl, Fortin, Paul, Anderson, David, Kearon, Clive, Clarke, Ann, Geerts, William, Forgie, Melissa, Green, David, Costantini, Lorrie, Yacura, WendyWilson, Sarah, Gent, Michael, Kovacs, Michael J., . (2003) A Comparison of Two Intensities of Warfarin for the Prevention of Recurrent Thrombosis in Patients with the Antiphospholipid Antibody Syndrome. New England Journal of Medicine 349:12, 1133-1138
Full Text203
A. Iorio, F. Guercini, M. Pini. (2003) Low-molecular-weight heparin for the long-term treatment of symptomatic venous thromboembolism: meta-analysis of the randomized comparisons with oral anticoagulants. Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis 1:9, 1906-1913
CrossRef204
(2003) Is recurrent venous thromboembolism more frequent in homozygous patients for the factor V Leiden mutation than in heterozygous patients?. Blood Coagulation & Fibrinolysis 14:6, 523-529
CrossRef205
Joel G. Ray. (2003) Dyslipidemia, statins, and venous thromboembolism: a potential risk factor and a potential treatment. Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine 9:5, 378-384
CrossRef206
G Berrut, A Ghali, I Quere, C Ternisien, I Gallois, P.-M Roy, M Marre, P Fressinaud. (2003) La mutation C677T du gène de la 5,10–méthyltétrahydrofolate réductase est associée aux thromboses veineuses idiopathiques. La Revue de Médecine Interne 24:9, 569-576
CrossRef207
Kearon, Clive, Ginsberg, Jeffrey S., Kovacs, Michael J., Anderson, David R., Wells, Philip, Julian, Jim A., MacKinnon, Betsy, Weitz, Jeffrey I., Crowther, Mark A., Dolan, Sean, Turpie, Alexander G., Geerts, William, Solymoss, Susan, van Nguyen, Paul, Demers, Christine, Kahn, Susan R., Kassis, Jeannine, Rodger, Marc, Hambleton, Julie, Gent, Michael, . (2003) Comparison of Low-Intensity Warfarin Therapy with Conventional-Intensity Warfarin Therapy for Long-Term Prevention of Recurrent Venous Thromboembolism. New England Journal of Medicine 349:7, 631-639
Full Text208
Paul Alexander Kyrle, Sabine Eichinger. (2003) The risk of recurrent venous thromboembolism: The Austrian Study on Recurrent Venous Thromboembolism. Wiener Klinische Wochenschrift 115:13-14, 471-474
CrossRef209
Trevor Baglin, Roger Luddington, Karen Brown, Caroline Baglin. (2003) Incidence of recurrent venous thromboembolism in relation to clinical and thrombophilic risk factors: prospective cohort study. The Lancet 362:9383, 523-526
CrossRef210
(2003) Low-Intensity Warfarin Therapy for the Prevention of Recurrent Venous Thromboembolism. New England Journal of Medicine 349:4, 398-400
Full Text211
A. K. Chan, G. Deveber, P. Monagle, L. A. Brooker, P. M. Massicotte. (2003) Venous thrombosis in children. Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis 1:7, 1443-1455
CrossRef212
S. Schulman. (2003) Unresolved issues in anticoagulant therapy. Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis 1:7, 1464-1470
CrossRef213
K. A. Bauer. (2003) Management of thrombophilia. Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis 1:7, 1429-1434
CrossRef214
B JACOBS. (2003) Central venous catheter occlusion and thrombosis. Critical Care Clinics 19:3, 489-514
CrossRef215
Karl D. Lewis, Kathryn L. Hassell. (2003) Hypercoagulability: Proper Workup Following Deep Vein Thrombosis. Primary Care Case Reviews 6:2, 57-66
CrossRef216
Karl D. Lewis, Kathryn L. Hassell. (2003) Hypercoagulability. Primary Care Case Reviews 6:2, 57-66
CrossRef217
Jack Hirsh, Valentin Fuster, Jack Ansell, Jonathan L Halperin. (2003) American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology Foundation guide to warfarin therapy. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 41:9, 1633-1652
CrossRef218
Schafer, Andrew I., . (2003) Warfarin for Venous Thromboembolism — Walking the Dosing Tightrope. New England Journal of Medicine 348:15, 1478-1480
Full Text219
Ridker, Paul M, Goldhaber, Samuel Z., Danielson, Ellie, Rosenberg, Yves, Eby, Charles S., Deitcher, Steven R., Cushman, Mary, Moll, Stephan, Kessler, Craig M., Elliott, C. Gregory, Paulson, Rolf, Wong, Turnly, Bauer, Kenneth A., Schwartz, Bruce A., Miletich, Joseph P., Bounameaux, Henri, Glynn, Robert J., . (2003) Long-Term, Low-Intensity Warfarin Therapy for the Prevention of Recurrent Venous Thromboembolism. New England Journal of Medicine 348:15, 1425-1434
Full Text220
Janet A Rowan, Claire McLintock, Rennae S Taylor, Robyn A North. (2003) Prophylactic and therapeutic enoxaparin during pregnancy: Indications, outcomes and monitoring. The Australian and New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 43:2, 123-128
CrossRef221
Georg Endler, Christine Mannhalter. (2003) Polymorphisms in coagulation factor genes and their impact on arterial and venous thrombosis. Clinica Chimica Acta 330:1-2, 31-55
CrossRef222
Jean Sibilia. (2003) Antiphospholipid syndrome: why and how should we make the diagnosis?. Joint Bone Spine 70:2, 97-102
CrossRef223
Clive Kearon. (2003) Duration of therapy for acute venous thromboembolism. Clinics in Chest Medicine 24:1, 63-72
CrossRef224
Victor F Tapson. (2003) The evolution and impact of the American College of Chest Physicians consensus statement on antithrombotic therapy. Clinics in Chest Medicine 24:1, 139-151
CrossRef225
I. Martinelli. (2003) Pros and cons of thrombophilia testing: pros. Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis 1:3, 410-411
CrossRef226
M Debray, E Pautas, P Couturier, A Franco, V Siguret. (2003) Anticoagulation orale en pratique gériatrique. La Revue de Médecine Interne 24:2, 107-117
CrossRef227
Graham Pineo, Russell D Hull. (2003) Coumarin therapy in thrombosis. Hematology/Oncology Clinics of North America 17:1, 201-216
CrossRef228
P. Simioni. (2003) Risk of recurrent venous thromboembolism and thrombophilia: does discrepancy make complexity or vice versa?. Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis 1:1, 16-18
CrossRef229
Jeffrey I Weitz, Mark A Crowther. (2003) New Anticoagulants. American Journal of Cardiovascular Drugs 3:3, 201-209
CrossRef230
Cecilia Becattini, Giancarlo Agnelli. (2003) Duration of Anticoagulant Treatment after VenousThromboembolism. Pathophysiology of Haemostasis and Thrombosis 33:5-6, 354-357
CrossRef231
Trevor Baglin. (2003) Management of Thrombophilia: Who to Screen?. Pathophysiology of Haemostasis and Thrombosis 33:5-6, 401-404
CrossRef232
A. Weltermann, S. Eichinger, C. Bialonczyk, E. Minar, M. Hirschl, P. Quehenberger, V. Sch
nauer, P. A. Kyrle. (2003) The risk of recurrent venous thromboembolism among patients with high factor IX levels. Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis 1:1, 28-32
CrossRef233
Geno J Merli. (2003) Current pharmacotherapeutic options for treating deep vein thrombosis. Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy 4:1, 55-65
CrossRef234
Sean D Sullivan, Susan R Kahn, Bruce L Davidson, Lars Borris, Patrick Bossuyt, Gary Raskob. (2003) Measuring the Outcomes and Pharmacoeconomic Consequences of Venous Thromboembolism Prophylaxis in Major Orthopaedic Surgery. PharmacoEconomics 21:7, 477-496
CrossRef235
Finn Wisløff, Eva M. Jacobsen, Sigurd Liestøl. (2002) Laboratory diagnosis of the antiphospholipid syndrome. Thrombosis Research 108:5-6, 263-271
CrossRef236
L Lechowski, L Teillet, M Harboun, D Tortrat, B Forette. (2002) Schéma simple d’adaptation posologique de la fluindione chez les patients âgés. La Revue de Médecine Interne 23:12, 1022-1026
CrossRef237
Wai-Ling Chan, Richard McLean, Martin G Carolan. (2002) What happens after a lung scan? Management and outcome of patients in a regional hospital. Australasian Radiology 46:4, 375-380
CrossRef238
P. Pottier, B. Planchon, M.-A. Pistorius, J.-Y. Grolleau. (2002) Facteurs de risque de la maladie thromboembolique veineuse chez des malades hospitalisés en médecine interne : une enquête cas–témoins sur 150 patients. La Revue de Médecine Interne 23:11, 910-918
CrossRef239
Joel G Ray. (2002) Why might statins prevent venous thromboembolism: what needs to be done to know more?. Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs 11:11, 1659-1668
CrossRef240
James D Douketis. (2002) Perioperative anticoagulation management in patients who are receiving oral anticoagulant therapy: a practical guide for clinicians. Thrombosis Research 108:1, 3-13
CrossRef241
Maria J. Cuadrado. (2002) Treatment and monitoring of patients with antiphospholipid antibodies and thrombotic history (hughes syndrome). Current Rheumatology Reports 4:5, 392-398
CrossRef242
K. T. Tan, E. J. R. van Beek. (2002) Diagnosis and Treatment of Pulmonary Embolism: An Overview. Imaging Decisions MRI 6:3, 3-10
CrossRef243
Susan R Kahn, Jeffrey S Ginsberg. (2002) The post-thrombotic syndrome: current knowledge, controversies, and directions for future research. Blood Reviews 16:3, 155-165
CrossRef244
(2002) Periodontal Management of Patients With Cardiovascular Diseases. Journal of Periodontology 73:8, 954-968
CrossRef245
RODERICK NAZARIO, LAWRENCE J. DELORENZO, GEORGE P. MAGUIRE. (2002) Treatment of Venous Thromboembolism. Cardiology in Review 10:4, 249-259
CrossRef246
Steven R. Deitcher, Teresa L. Carman. (2002) Deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. Current Treatment Options in Cardiovascular Medicine 4:3, 223-238
CrossRef247
Mark N Levine. (2002) Managing thromboembolic disease in the cancer patient: efficacy and safety of antithrombotic treatment options in patients with cancer. Cancer Treatment Reviews 28:3, 145-149
CrossRef248
Johan R. Meinardi, Saskia Middeldorp, Pieter J. de Kam, Maria M. W. Koopman, Elisabeth C. M. van Pampus, Karly Hamulyak, Martin H. Prins, Harry R. Buller, Jan van der Meer. (2002) The incidence of recurrent venous thromboembolism in carriers of factor V Leiden is related to concomitant thrombophilic disorders. British Journal of Haematology 116:3, 625-631
CrossRef249
Walter Ageno. (2002) Treatment of venous thromboembolism. International Journal of Hematology 76:S2, 40-43
CrossRef250
Arash Rafii Tabrizi, Barbara A Zehnbauer, Ingrid B Borecki, Sean D McGrath, Timothy G Buchman, Bradley D Freeman. (2002) The frequency and effects of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C9 polymorphisms in patients receiving warfarin1 1No competing interests declared.. Journal of the American College of Surgeons 194:3, 267-273
CrossRef251
Agnes Y. Y. Lee, Jack Hirsh. (2002) D
IAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF VENOUS THROMBOEMBOLISM . Annual Review of Medicine 53:1, 15-33
CrossRef252
L. Pinède. (2002) Durée du traitement anticoagulant oral dans la TVP des membres inférieurs. Annales de Cardiologie et d'Angéiologie 51:3, 158-163
CrossRef253
J. Jaime Caro, Denis Getsios, Ingrid Caro, Judith A. O??Brien. (2002) Cost Effectiveness of Tinzaparin Sodium Versus Unfractionated Heparin in the Treatment of Proximal Deep Vein Thrombosis. PharmacoEconomics 20:9, 593-602
CrossRef254
E. Oger, K. Lacut, P.Y. Scarabin. (2002) Thrombose veineuse profonde : épidemiologie, facteurs de risque acquis. Annales de Cardiologie et d'Angéiologie 51:3, 124-128
CrossRef255
Deborah Cook, Donald Laporta, Yoanna Skrobik, Sharon Peters, Michael Sharpe, Patricia Murphy, Dat Chin, Mark Crowther. (2001) Prevention of venous thromboembolism in critically ill surgery patients: A cross-sectional study. Journal of Critical Care 16:4, 161-166
CrossRef256
L Pinède. (2001) Durée du traitement anticoagulant oral dans la maladie thromboembolique veineuse. La Revue de Médecine Interne 22:12, 1225-1236
CrossRef257
G. Cappucci, M. Margaglione, P. R. J. Ames. (2001) Comparative prevalence of antiphospholipid antibodies and thrombophilic genotypes in consecutive patients with venous thrombosis. Blood Coagulation & Fibrinolysis 12:8, 659-665
CrossRef258
Peter Clark, Isobel D. Walker. (2001) The phenomenon known as acquired activated protein C resistance. British Journal of Haematology 115:4, 767-773
CrossRef259
Pablo-Manuel Dobado-Berrios, Chari L
CrossRef260
José H Haenen, Hub Wollersheim, Mirian C.H Janssen, Martin A Van ‘t Hof, Peter M Steijlen, Herman van Langen, Stefan H Skotnicki, Theo Thien. (2001) Evolution of deep venous thrombosis: A 2-year follow-up using duplex ultrasound scan and strain-gauge plethysmography. Journal of Vascular Surgery 34:4, 649-655
CrossRef261
Samuel Z Goldhaber. (2001) Unsolved Issues in the Treatment of Pulmonary Embolism. Thrombosis Research 103:6, V245-V255
CrossRef262
Mark C. Henderson, Richard H. White. (2001) Anticoagulation in the elderly. Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine 7:5, 365-370
CrossRef263
Isobel D Walker, M Greaves, F. E Preston. (2001) Investigation and management of heritable thrombophilia. British Journal of Haematology 114:3, 512-528
CrossRef264
Norman M. Kaplan, Biff F. Palmer, Factor V Leiden:, Ray Lee. (2001) Southwestern Internal Medicine Conference. The American Journal of the Medical Sciences 322:2, 88-102
CrossRef265
Agnelli, Giancarlo, Prandoni, Paolo, Santamaria, Maria Gabriella, Bagatella, Paola, Iorio, Alfonso, Bazzan, Mario, Moia, Marco, Guazzaloca, Giuliana, Bertoldi, Adriano, Tomasi, Cristina, Scannapieco, Gianluigi, Ascani, Alessandra, Villalta, Sabina, Frulla, Michela, Mosena, Laura, Girolami, Antonio, Vaccarino, Antonella, Alatri, Adriano, Palareti, Gualtiero, Marchesi, Mario, Ambrosio, Giovanni Battista, Parisi, Roberto, Doria, Silvia, Steidl, Luigi, Ambrosini, Fabio, Silingardi, Mauro, Ghirarduzzi, Angelo, Iori, Ido, Ageno, Walter, the Warfarin Optimal Duration Italian Trial Investigators. (2001) Three Months versus One Year of Oral Anticoagulant Therapy for Idiopathic Deep Venous Thrombosis. New England Journal of Medicine 345:3, 165-169
Full Text266
Camille Frances, Jean-Charles Piette. (2001) Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (Hughes' syndrome). Dermatologic Therapy 14:2, 117-125
CrossRef267
Agnes Y.Y Lee. (2001) Treatment of Venous Thromboembolism in Cancer Patients. Thrombosis Research 102:6, V195-V208
CrossRef268
E.P.L Turton, P.A Coughlin, D.C Berridge, K.G Mercer. (2001) A Survey of Deep Venous Thrombosis Management by Consultant Vascular Surgeons in the United Kingdom and Ireland. European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery 21:6, 558-563
CrossRef269
Graham F. Pineo. (2001) New Developments in the Prevention and Treatment of Venous Thromboembolism. Pharmacotherapy 21:6 Part 2, 51S-55S
CrossRef270
Enric Grau, Jose M. Tenias, Esperanza Real, Jose Medrano, Rosario Ferrer, Emilio Pastor, Salvador Selfa. (2001) Home treatment of deep venous thrombosis with low molecular weight heparin: Long-term incidence of recurrent venous thromboembolism. American Journal of Hematology 67:1, 10-14
CrossRef271
Seligsohn, Uri, Lubetsky, Aharon, . (2001) Genetic Susceptibility to Venous Thrombosis. New England Journal of Medicine 344:16, 1222-1231
Full Text272
Nitin B. Chandramouli, George M. Rodgers. (2001) Management of Thrombosis in Women With Antiphospholipid Syndrome. Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology 44:1, 36-47
CrossRef273
Wayne W. Grody, John H. Griffin, Annette K. Taylor, Bruce R. Korf, John A. Heit. (2001) American College of Medical Genetics Consensus Statement on Factor V Leiden Mutation Testing. Genetics in Medicine 3:2, 139-148
CrossRef274
Kojiro Tanimoto, Katsufumi Mizushige, Kazushi Yukiiri, Takashi Ueda, Wada Yoshihiro, Koji Ohmori, Masakazu Kohno. (2001) Recurrence of Idiopathic Thromboembolism During Anticoagulant Therapy. Japanese Circulation Journal 65:8, 755-756
CrossRef275
J.Shawn Miles, Joseph P Miletich, Samuel Z Goldhaber, Charles H Hennekens, Paul M Ridker. (2001) G20210A mutation in the prothrombin gene and the risk of recurrent venous thromboembolism. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 37:1, 215-218
CrossRef276
John A. Heit. (2001) Current Management of Acute Symptomatic Deep Vein Thrombosis. American Journal of Cardiovascular Drugs 1:1, 45-50
CrossRef277
L. Pinede, M. Cucherat, P. Duhaut, J. Ninet, J. P. Boissel. (2000) Optimal duration of anticoagulant therapy after an episode of venous thromboembolism. Blood Coagulation and Fibrinolysis 11:8, 701-707
CrossRef278
S. Schulman. (2000) Study patients and routine practice patients. Journal of Internal Medicine 248:6, 531-531
CrossRef279
Kimberly J. Broxterman, Prasad Mathew, Louis Chicoine. (2000) Left Brachial Artery Thrombus, Left Axillary Vein Thrombus, and Stroke in a Neonate With Factor V Leiden Mutation. Journal of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology 22:5, 472-475
CrossRef280
Francis Couturaud, Clive Kearon. (2000) Long-term treatment for venous thromboembolism. Current Opinion in Hematology 7:5, 302-308
CrossRef281
Ronald H.W.M Derksen, Philip G de Groot. (2000) Do we Know which Patients with the Antiphospholipid Syndrome Should Receive Long-term High Dose Anti-coagulation?. Journal of Autoimmunity 15:2, 255-259
CrossRef282
Kyrle, Paul A., Minar, Erich, Hirschl, Mirko, Bialonczyk, Christine, Stain, Milena, Schneider, Barbara, Weltermann, Ansgar, Speiser, Wolfgang, Lechner, Klaus, Eichinger, Sabine, . (2000) High Plasma Levels of Factor VIII and the Risk of Recurrent Venous Thromboembolism. New England Journal of Medicine 343:7, 457-462
Full Text283
Graham F. Pineo, Russell D. Hull. (2000) Disorders of pulmonary circulation: pulmonary vascular disease. Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine 6:4, 293-295
CrossRef284
Menno V. Huisman. (2000) Recurrent venous thromboembolism: diagnosis and management. Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine 6:4, 330-334
CrossRef285
Sam Schulman. (2000) Duration of anticoagulants in acute or recurrent venous thromboembolism. Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine 6:4, 321-325
CrossRef286
GARVAN C. KANE, SANJAY KALRA. (2000) 54-Year-Old Man With Dyspnea and Abdominal Wall Bruising. Mayo Clinic Proceedings 75:7, 761-764
CrossRef287
GARVAN C. KANE, SANJAY KALRA. (2000) 54-Year-Old Man With Dyspnea and Abdominal Wall Bruising. Mayo Clinic Proceedings 75:7, 761-764
CrossRef288
M. Greaves, H. Cohen, S. J. Machin, I. Mackie. (2000) Guidelines On The Investigation and Management Of The Antiphospholipid Syndrome. British Journal of Haematology 109:4, 704-715
CrossRef289
M. Greaves, T. Baglin. (2000) Laboratory testing for heritable thrombophilia: impact on clinical management of thrombotic disease. Annotation. British Journal of Haematology 109:4, 699-703
CrossRef290
Anna Jerkeman, Jan Astermark, Ulla Hedner, Stefan Lethagen, Carl-Gustav Olsson, Erik Berntorp. (2000) Correlation between Different Intensities of Anti-Vitamin K Treatment and Coagulation Parameters. Thrombosis Research 98:6, 467-471
CrossRef291
Susan R. Kahn, Susan Solymoss, Donna L. Lamping, Lucien Abenhaim. (2000) Long-term Outcomes After Deep Vein Thrombosis: Postphlebitic Syndrome and Quality of Life. Journal of General Internal Medicine 15:6, 425-429
CrossRef292
BA Hutten, MH Prins, Martin Prins. 2000. Duration of treatment with vitamin K antagonists in symptomatic venous thromboembolism. .
CrossRef293
Thomas W Wakefield. (2000) Treatment options for venous thrombosis. Journal of Vascular Surgery 31:3, 613-620
CrossRef294
Maria J. Cuadrado, Munther A. Khamashta. (2000) The anti-phospholipid antibody syndrome (Hughes syndrome): therapeutic aspects. Best Practice & Research Clinical Rheumatology 14:1, 151-163
CrossRef295
C. Kearon, M. Crowther, J. Hirsh. (2000) Management of Patients with Hereditary Hypercoagulable Disorders. Annual Review of Medicine 51:1, 169-185
CrossRef296
Paul M. Ridker. (2000) Inherited risk factors for venous thromboembolism: Implications for clinical practice. Clinical Cornerstone 2:4, 1-10
CrossRef297
Samuel Z. Goldhaber. (2000) Management of deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. Clinical Cornerstone 2:4, 47-55
CrossRef298
Walter Ageno. (2000) Treatment of Venous Thromboembolism. Thrombosis Research 97:1, V63-V72
CrossRef299
De Stefano, Valerio, Martinelli, Ida, Mannucci, Pier Mannuccio, Paciaroni, Katia, Chiusolo, Patrizia, Casorelli, Ida, Rossi, Elena, Leone, Giuseppe, . (1999) The Risk of Recurrent Deep Venous Thrombosis among Heterozygous Carriers of Both Factor V Leiden and the G20210A Prothrombin Mutation. New England Journal of Medicine 341:11, 801-806
Full Text300
Menno V. Huisman, Frits Rosendaal. (1999) Thrombophilia. Current Opinion in Hematology 6:5, 291-297
CrossRef301
Paolo Prandoni, Pier Mannuccio Mannucci. (1999) Deep-vein thrombosis of the lower limbs: diagnosis and management. Best Practice & Research Clinical Haematology 12:3, 533-554
CrossRef302
(1999) Anticoagulation for Venous Thromboembolism. New England Journal of Medicine 341:7, 539-540
Full Text303
Paul M. Ridker. (1999) Duration and intensity of anticoagulation among patients with genetic predispositions to venous thrombosis. Current Cardiology Reports 1:2, 88-90
CrossRef304
Schafer, Andrew I., . (1999) Venous Thrombosis as a Chronic Disease. New England Journal of Medicine 340:12, 955-956
Full Text
- Letters
