Original Article
Hypovitaminosis D in Medical Inpatients
N Engl J Med 1998; 338:777-783March 19, 1998
- Abstract
Background
Vitamin D deficiency is a major risk factor for bone loss and fracture. Although hypovitaminosis D has been detected frequently in elderly and housebound people, the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among patients hospitalized on a general medical service is unknown.
Methods
We assessed vitamin D intake, ultraviolet-light exposure, and risk factors for hypovitaminosis D and measured serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D, parathyroid hormone, and ionized calcium in 290 consecutive patients on a general medical ward.
Results
A total of 164 patients (57 percent) were considered vitamin D–deficient (serum concentration of 25-hydroxyvitamin D, <15 ng per milliliter), of whom 65 (22 percent) were considered severely vitamin D–deficient (serum concentration of 25-hydroxyvitamin D, <8 ng per milliliter). Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations were related inversely to parathyroid hormone concentrations. Lower vitamin D intake, less exposure to ultraviolet light, anticonvulsant-drug therapy, renal dialysis, nephrotic syndrome, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, winter season, higher serum concentrations of parathyroid hormone and alkaline phosphatase, and lower serum concentrations of ionized calcium and albumin were significant univariate predictors of hypovitaminosis D. Sixty-six percent of the patients who consumed less than the recommended daily amount of vitamin D and 37 percent of the patients with intakes above the recommended daily amount were vitamin D–deficient. Inadequate vitamin D intake, winter season, and housebound status were independent predictors of hypovitaminosis D in a multivariate model. In a subgroup of 77 patients less than 65 years of age without known risk factors for hypovitaminosis D, the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was 42 percent.
Conclusions
Hypovitaminosis D is common in general medical inpatients, including those with vitamin D intakes exceeding the recommended daily amount and those without apparent risk factors for vitamin D deficiency.
Media in This Article
Figure 2
Relation between Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentrations and Mean (±SE) Serum Concentrations of Parathyroid Hormone in the Study Patients.Figure 1
Prevalence of Hypovitaminosis D among 290 Medical Inpatients.Article Activity
- Article
Vitamin D deficiency is a risk factor for osteopenia and bone fractures.1-5 In ambulatory elderly people whose average serum concentration of 25-hydroxyvitamin D was slightly low, supplementation with 20 μg (800 IU) of vitamin D and with calcium substantially reduced the risk of osteoporotic fractures, including hip fractures.6,7 Multiple studies have estimated the prevalence of hypovitaminosis D in selected populations at particular risk for vitamin D deficiency, such as residents of nursing homes and people over the age of 65, to be between 25 and 54 percent.8-11 However, the prevalence of hypovitaminosis D in more diverse patient populations has not been well characterized. Conditions associated with hypovitaminosis D, such as poor dietary intake, inadequate sun exposure, and chronic liver and renal diseases, are common in general medical inpatients, as is therapy with drugs that impair vitamin D activation or accelerate its clearance, such as phenytoin, carbamazepine, and rifampin. Thus, such inpatients may be at risk for vitamin D deficiency. Because replacement therapy is simple and reduces the risk of fractures, an understanding of the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency may alter routine medical practice and have important public health implications.
Methods
Study Subjects
We studied 150 patients admitted consecutively in March 1994 and 140 patients admitted consecutively in September 1994 to general medical wards at Massachusetts General Hospital. The months of March and September were chosen to represent the seasonal nadir and peak, respectively, of serum vitamin D concentrations in Boston.12 The study was approved by the Subcommittee on Human Studies of Massachusetts General Hospital, and oral consent was obtained from the patients (3 of 293 declined to participate).
A subgroup of 77 patients with no known risk factors for hypovitaminosis D was defined by excluding patients who were more than 65 years of age, housebound or living in a nursing home, or taking anticonvulsant drugs, or who had a chronic debilitating illness (cancer, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, congestive heart failure, or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease), renal disease (defined as a serum creatinine concentration >1.5 mg per deciliter [133 μmol per liter], the presence of the nephrotic syndrome, or the need for dialysis), liver disease (defined as a serum bilirubin concentration >2.0 mg per deciliter [34 μmol per liter] or the presence of hepatitis or cirrhosis), or a condition causing malabsorption of nutrients (inflammatory bowel disease, chronic pancreatitis, or gastric or small-bowel resection).
Evaluation of Clinical Characteristics
Within 24 hours after admission, each patient's record was reviewed. The data collected included age, sex, race, and diagnoses, with emphasis on any history of liver disease, renal disease, gastric or small-bowel surgery, inflammatory bowel disease, pancreatitis, malabsorption, and therapy with anticonvulsant agents (phenytoin, phenobarbital, and carbamazepine), rifampin, or glucocorticoids. Each patient was classified as ambulatory, housebound, living in a nursing home, or homeless. The patients were not followed during the hospitalization, except to determine mortality during the incident admission.
Dietary and Sun-Exposure Interviews
Study physicians were trained by a research dietitian to obtain standardized histories of dietary vitamin D intake. A questionnaire was developed that included a list of foods containing vitamin D in amounts of at least 1.25 μg (50 IU) per serving,13 and average daily and weekly consumption of these foods was assessed. Regular use of multivitamins, vitamin D, or calcium supplements was noted. Exposure to the sun was rated with the use of a previously validated nine-point scale,14 which measured the degree and extent of recent sun exposure, the use of sunscreens, and recent travel to southern locations. Two hundred six patients completed both the dietary and sun-exposure interviews. The remaining 84 patients were unable to provide complete dietary and sun-exposure information because of impaired mental status and were excluded from the multivariate analyses.
Laboratory Studies
Morning blood samples were obtained from the patients after an overnight fast within 24 hours after admission. Serum parathyroid hormone was measured by a two-site immunoradiometric assay.15 Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D was measured by competitive protein-binding assay (Nichols Institute, San Juan Capistrano, Calif.). Serum vitamin D–binding protein was measured by radioimmunoassay.16 Routine chemistries were measured by a Hitachi multichannel analyzer, and serum ionized calcium was measured by a gas analyzer (Nova Biomedical, Waltham, Mass.). The samples were analyzed in multiple assays; the interassay coefficients of variation were less than 6 percent for the measurements of parathyroid hormone and 8 to 14 percent for 25-hydroxyvitamin D.
Definition of Hypovitaminosis D
The patients were divided into three diagnostic categories according to their serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations: those with severe hypovitaminosis D (serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration, less than 8 ng per milliliter [20 nmol per liter]), those with moderate hypovitaminosis D (serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration, 8 to 15 ng per milliliter [20 to 37 nmol per liter]), and those with adequate vitamin D stores (serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration, more than 15 ng per milliliter). The definition of severe hypovitaminosis D was based on the lower limit of normal of 9 ng per milliliter (22 nmol per liter) for serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations in New England as measured by chromatography in the reference laboratory (Nichols Institute). The definition of moderate hypovitaminosis D was determined according to the Nichols Institute's norms for serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D of 16 to 74 ng per milliliter (40 to 185 nmol per liter) in a competitive protein-binding assay (mean ±2 SD calculated from measurements in 208 normal adult subjects in Southern California, Virginia, and New England in the summer and early fall) and from published data demonstrating that serum parathyroid hormone concentrations are increased in patients who have serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations that are less than or equal to 15 ng per milliliter.11,17,18
Statistical Analysis
There were no differences between the characteristics of the patients studied in March and those of the patients studied in September, and the results were therefore combined. Associations between categorical variables and categories of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations were examined by using Pearson's chi-square tests. Kruskal–Wallis nonparametric analysis of variance was used to examine associations between continuous variables and categories of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations. For multivariate analyses, vitamin D deficiency was defined as a serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration less than or equal to 15 ng per milliliter. Associations with categorical variables were examined with the use of two-tailed Fisher's exact tests, and associations with continuous variables were examined with Mann–Whitney rank-sum tests.
Stepwise discriminant analyses were used to identify the variables that best predicted vitamin D deficiency and to calculate the accuracy of those predictors.19 The accuracy of the computed discriminant function was estimated by a jackknifed classification matrix.20 Variables associated with serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations in univariate analyses (P<0.10) were eligible for inclusion in the multivariate models.
Results
Clinical Characteristics
The characteristics of the patients are shown in Table 1Table 1
Base-Line Clinical Characteristics of the 290 Patients.. Few patients had conditions often associated with hypovitaminosis D or were taking medications known to alter vitamin D metabolism (Table 2Table 2
Prevalence of Conditions Often Associated with Hypovitaminosis D in the 290 Patients.). Three patients with serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations of less than 8 ng per milliliter, two patients with concentrations between 8 and 15 ng per milliliter, and three patients with values greater than 15 ng per milliliter died while in the hospital.Prevalence of Hypovitaminosis D
The prevalence of hypovitaminosis D in the 290 patients was 57 percent (164 patients) (Figure 1Figure 1
Prevalence of Hypovitaminosis D among 290 Medical Inpatients.). Sixty-five patients (22 percent) had severe hypovitaminosis D, and an additional 99 patients (34 percent) had moderate hypovitaminosis D. Sixty-three percent of the patients studied in March and 49 percent of those studied in September had serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations of 15 ng per milliliter or less. The mean (±SD) serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration for all 290 patients was 15±9 ng per milliliter. Serum parathyroid hormone concentrations rose steeply as serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations declined below 15 ng per milliliter (Figure 2Figure 2Relation between Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentrations and Mean (±SE) Serum Concentrations of Parathyroid Hormone in the Study Patients.), indicating a physiologic response, presumably through hypocalcemia, to the low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations.Variables Associated with Hypovitaminosis D
Anticonvulsant-drug therapy (P = 0.04), renal dialysis (P = 0.007), nephrotic syndrome (P = 0.04), and winter season (P = 0.04) were significantly associated with hypovitaminosis D. There were trends toward associations with housebound status (P = 0.07) and female sex (P = 0.08). Of the 60 housebound patients, 42 (70 percent) had serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations of 15 ng per milliliter or less. Of the 18 most frequently noted diagnoses (each affecting at least 20 patients), only hypertension (P = 0.009) and diabetes mellitus (P = 0.04) were significantly associated with hypovitaminosis D.
Lower vitamin D intake, exposure to ultraviolet light, and serum concentrations of ionized calcium and albumin, and higher serum concentrations of parathyroid hormone and alkaline phosphatase were associated with lower 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations. There was no association between serum concentrations of vitamin D–binding protein and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (Table 3Table 3
Association of Continuous Variables with Vitamin D Deficiency.).Vitamin D Intake and Sun Exposure
Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations were higher in the patients with higher vitamin D intakes (Figure 3AFigure 3
Relation between Daily Vitamin D Intake (Panel A) and Ultraviolet-Light Exposure (Panel B) and Mean (±SE) Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentrations in the Study Patients. and Figure 3B). The mean (±SD) daily vitamin D intake reported was 7.5±7.3 μg (300±292 IU). Sixty-seven percent of the patients reported vitamin D intakes less than the recommended daily amount for their age (5 μg for adults 19 to 50 years old, 10 μg for adults 51 to 70 years old, and 15 μg for adults 71 or older21). Moderate or severe hypovitaminosis D was present in 66 percent of the patients reporting daily vitamin D intakes less than the recommended amount for their age and in 37 percent of the patients reporting daily vitamin D intakes in excess of the recommended amount for their age. Forty-six percent of the patients who reported taking multivitamins and 60 percent of those who reported not taking multivitamins had hypovitaminosis D. Increasing exposure to ultraviolet light was also associated with higher serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations (Figure 3A and Figure 3B).Predictors of Hypovitaminosis D
Independent predictors of hypovitaminosis D were identified by stepwise multivariate discriminant analysis in which risk factors for vitamin D deficiency that had a univariate association (P<0.10) with vitamin D deficiency were included in the model. These factors were inadequate vitamin D intake, insufficient sun exposure, winter season, older age, female sex, anticonvulsant-drug therapy, dialysis, nephrotic syndrome, and being housebound. Inadequate vitamin D intake, winter season, and being housebound were significant independent predictors of hypovitaminosis D and could correctly classify 59 percent of the patients (P<0.001). The addition of the other six variables to the model increased the accuracy of the classification to 68 percent.
Prevalence of Hypovitaminosis D in the Patients with No Known Risk Factors
The mean age of the 77 patients in the subgroup with no known risk factors for vitamin D deficiency was 44±14 years. Forty-eight (62 percent) were men and 29 (38 percent) were women. The most common diagnoses in this subgroup were coronary artery disease (39 percent), hypertension (29 percent), diabetes mellitus (17 percent), hypercholesterolemia (16 percent), substance abuse (16 percent), asthma (16 percent), atrial fibrillation (8 percent), and syncope (8 percent). Among these patients, 32 (42 percent) were vitamin D–deficient, of whom 11 had serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations of less than 8 ng per milliliter and 21 had values between 8 and 15 ng per milliliter (Figure 1).
Discussion
We found a high prevalence (57 percent) of hypovitaminosis D in unselected general medical inpatients. In previous studies of elderly housebound people and nursing home residents, one quarter to one half were vitamin D–deficient.8-11 The patients we studied were younger than those in many previous studies, and only a minority were housebound or residents of a nursing home. Thus, our patients may have been more representative of the general population than those reported on previously.
It is unclear why the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was so high. Low levels of ultraviolet-light exposure and vitamin D intake are probably important factors. The definition of vitamin D deficiency may also affect estimates of its prevalence. We defined categories of severe and moderate hypovitaminosis D on the basis of a series of observations in the literature.11,17,18,22 Serum parathyroid hormone concentrations have been found to increase when serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations fall below 15 ng per milliliter in elderly housebound people,11 and we found a similar relation in the patients we studied. In postmenopausal women, bone density is lower in those who have serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations of 15 ng per milliliter or less.23 Thus, there is strong physiologic evidence that serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations of 15 ng per milliliter or less are insufficient to maintain adequate skeletal integrity.
In fact, other investigators have reported that serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations above 15 ng per milliliter may not be sufficient to exclude hypovitaminosis D. There are seasonal changes in both serum parathyroid hormone concentrations and bone density in patients with serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations of 37 ng per milliliter (92 nmol per liter) or less.24,25 Increasing patients' serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations to 20 ng per milliliter (50 nmol per liter) through supplementation with vitamin D increases serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D concentrations,26 and some experts have suggested that serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations should exceed 30 ng per milliliter (75 nmol per liter). Had we used such a definition of vitamin D deficiency to categorize our patients, 93 percent of them would have been considered vitamin D–deficient.
Previous estimates of the prevalence of hypovitaminosis D in outpatients were substantially lower than in our study.9,27 The higher prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in this study may be related in part to the relatively low solar intensity in New England12 or to the nature of our patients. Medical inpatients are more likely than outpatients to have conditions associated with vitamin D deficiency. However, 42 percent of our healthy subgroup were vitamin D–deficient, providing evidence that these results are not attributable to severity of illness.
A large number of patients with vitamin D intakes above the recommended daily amount were vitamin D–deficient. Because milk products contain variable amounts of vitamin D,28 vitamin D intake may have been overestimated. Multivitamin therapy was not protective. This finding might reflect inaccurate self-reporting, because the majority of multivitamin supplements contain 10 μg of vitamin D. Our data support the conclusion that the current recommended daily intakes of vitamin D, which were recently revised upward,21 may be insufficient. For example, a daily intake of 5 μg of vitamin D was less effective in preventing bone loss than a daily intake of 20 μg in postmenopausal women.29 Moreover, daily administration of 10 μg of vitamin D in patients with high dietary calcium intakes did not protect against fractures,30 whereas 20 μg of vitamin D per day plus calcium decreased the risk of fractures in elderly women with lower dietary calcium intakes.6,7
Our multivariate models could predict vitamin D deficiency with an accuracy of 59 to 68 percent, making them only slightly more accurate than predictions that would have occurred by chance. Because the assessment of common clinical risk factors failed to identify many patients with hypovitaminosis D, screening by using serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations may be required to identify patients with vitamin D deficiency.
The importance of vitamin D deficiency is related primarily to bone integrity. Because vitamin D is required for calcium homeostasis, secondary hyperparathyroidism may develop in patients with vitamin D deficiency. With increasing severity of hypovitaminosis D and secondary hyperparathyroidism, patients progress from states of increased bone turnover and decreased bone mass to states of impaired, and ultimately absent, mineralization with generalized osteomalacia.1 Many patients with osteoporotic fractures have low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations.4,5 Because treatment with vitamin D and calcium increases bone mass and substantially reduces the risk of fractures,3,6,7,31 the diagnosis of vitamin D deficiency warrants attention. In addition to its effect on the skeleton, hypovitaminosis D may affect other organ systems adversely, resulting in muscle weakness and pain,2 progression of osteoarthritis,32 or impaired macrophage activation.33
Our study had several limitations. Many patients were acutely ill. Although it is possible that acute illness could have suppressed cutaneous vitamin D synthesis, the half-life of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D is approximately three weeks,34 so an arrest of synthesis should not have affected serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations rapidly. Substantial reductions in serum concentrations of vitamin D–binding protein are needed to lower serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations. Such reductions occur in only a few clinical conditions, such as severe hepatic failure, nephrotic syndrome, and severe malnutrition,2,35 which were rare in our patients. Furthermore, we found no relation between serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and those of vitamin D–binding protein in our patients. Thus, it seems unlikely that changes in concentrations of serum vitamin D–binding protein due to acute illness can explain our findings. Finally, the higher serum parathyroid hormone concentrations in the patients with low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations attest to the physiologic importance of the latter. In fact, we may have underestimated the prevalence of hypovitaminosis D by not identifying patients with low serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D concentrations despite adequate serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations.
In conclusion, we found a high prevalence of hypovitaminosis D in unselected medical inpatients in the United States. Standard clinical risk factors were poor predictors of vitamin D deficiency. Maintaining vitamin D intake at the level of the current recommended daily amount or using multivitamins may not be sufficient to ensure adequate vitamin D stores. Because of the potential adverse effects of vitamin D deficiency on the skeleton and other organ systems, widespread screening for vitamin D deficiency or routine vitamin D supplementation should be considered.
Supported by grants from the National Institutes of Health (RR-1066, R29-DK43341, DK07028, and DK02476) and the American Kidney Fund.
We are indebted to the nursing staff of the Mallinckrodt General Clinical Research Center at Massachusetts General Hospital for processing patient samples; to the resident physicians and staff of the Bigelow medical services for facilitating patient participation; to Deborah Lentz, R.D., Ellen Anderson, R.D., and Jane Hubbard, R.D., for conducting dietary analyses; to Dr. Gino Segre of the endocrine laboratory for assisting with measurements of serum parathyroid hormone and 25-hydroxyvitamin D; to Dr. Roger Bouillon for providing vitamin D–binding protein antiserum; to Dr. John T. Potts, Jr., for encouraging and supporting research by house staff; and to Dr. Robert Neer for providing scholarly advice.
Source Information
From the Endocrine Unit (M.K.T., D.J.D., J.S.F.), Department of Medicine (D.M.L.-J., R.I.T., A.C.S., B.T.K.), and the Department of Pathology (E.C.V.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston; and the Department of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth (I.M.D.), and the Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands (R.L.P.) — both in Australia.
Address reprint requests to Dr. Finkelstein at the Endocrine Unit, Bulfinch 327, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit St., Boston, MA 02114.
- References
References
1
Parfitt AM. Osteomalacia and related disorders. In: Avioli LV, Krane SM, eds. Metabolic bone disease. 3rd ed. San Diego, Calif.: Academic Press, 1998:327-86.
2
Gloth FM III ,Tobin JD . Vitamin D deficiency in older people. J Am Geriatr Soc 1995;43:822-828
Web of Science | Medline3
Meunier PJ . Prevention of hip fractures. Am J Med 1993;95:Suppl 5A:5A-75S
CrossRef | Web of Science4
Boonen S ,Aerssens J ,Dequeker J . Age-related endocrine deficiencies and fractures of the proximal femur. II. Implications of vitamin D deficiency in the elderly. J Endocrinol 1996;149:13-17
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline5
Baker MR ,McDonnell H ,Peacock M ,Nordin BEC . Plasma 25-hydroxy vitamin D concentrations in patients with fractures of the femoral neck. BMJ 1979;1:589-589
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline6
Chapuy MC ,Arlot ME ,Duboeuf F , et al. Vitamin D3 and calcium to prevent hip fractures in elderly women. N Engl J Med 1992;327:1637-1642
Full Text | Web of Science | Medline7
Chapuy MC ,Arlot ME ,Delmas PD ,Meunier PJ . Effect of calcium and cholecalciferol treatment for three years on hip fractures in elderly women. BMJ 1994;308:1081-1082
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline8
Omdahl JL ,Garry PJ ,Hunsaker LA ,Hunt WC ,Goodwin JS . Nutritional status in a healthy elderly population: vitamin D. Am J Clin Nutr 1982;36:1225-1233
Web of Science | Medline9
McKenna MJ . Differences in vitamin D status between countries in young adults and the elderly. Am J Med 1992;93:69-77
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline10
Goldray D ,Mizrahi-Sasson E ,Merdler C , et al. Vitamin D deficiency in elderly patients in a general hospital. J Am Geriatr Soc 1989;37:589-592
Web of Science | Medline11
Gloth FM ,Gundberg CM ,Hollis BW ,Haddad JG Jr ,Tobin JD . Vitamin D deficiency in homebound elderly persons. JAMA 1995;274:1683-1686
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline12
Webb AR ,Kline L ,Holick MF . Influence of season and latitude on the cutaneous synthesis of vitamin D3: exposure to winter sunlight in Boston and Edmonton will not promote vitamin D3 synthesis in human skin. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1988;67:373-378
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline13
Vitamin D (IU). In: Pennington JAT. Bowes & Church's food values of portions commonly used. 16th ed. rev. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott, 1994:411-4.
14
Salamone LM ,Dallal GE ,Zantos D ,Makrauer F ,Dawson-Hughes B . Contributions of vitamin D intake and seasonal sunlight exposure to plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration in elderly women. Am J Clin Nutr 1993;58:80-86
Web of Science | Medline15
Nussbaum SR ,Zahradnik RJ ,Lavigne JR , et al. Highly sensitive two-site immunoradiometric assay of parathyrin, and its clinical utility in evaluating patients with hypercalcemia. Clin Chem 1987;33:1364-1367
Web of Science | Medline16
Wilson SG ,Retallack RW ,Kent JC ,Worth GK ,Gutteridge DH . Serum free 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D and the free 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D index during a longitudinal study of human pregnancy and lactation. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 1990;32:613-622
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline17
Webb AR ,Pilbeam C ,Hanafin N ,Holick MF . An evaluation of the relative contributions of exposure to sunlight and of diet to the circulating concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D in an elderly nursing home population in Boston. Am J Clin Nutr 1990;51:1075-1081
Web of Science | Medline18
Lips P ,Wiersinga A ,van Ginkel FC , et al. The effect of vitamin D supplementation on vitamin D status and parathyroid function in elderly subjects. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1988;67:644-650
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline19
Afifi AA, Clark V. Computer-aided multivariate analysis. Belmont, Calif.: Lifetime Learning, 1984.
20
Lachenbruch P ,Mickey RU . Estimation of error rates in discriminant analysis. Technometrics 1968;10:1-11
CrossRef | Web of Science21
Standing Committee on the Scientific Evaluation of Dietary Reference Intakes, Institute of Medicine. Dietary reference intakes: calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, vitamin D, and fluoride. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press, 1997.
22
Bouillon RA ,Auwerx JH ,Lissens WD ,Pelemans WK . Vitamin D status in the elderly: seasonal substrate deficiency causes 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol deficiency. Am J Clin Nutr 1987;45:755-763
Web of Science | Medline23
Villareal DT ,Civitelli R ,Chines A ,Avioli LV . Subclinical vitamin D deficiency in postmenopausal women with low vertebral bone mass. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1991;72:628-634
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline24
Krall EA ,Sahyoun N ,Tannenbaum S ,Dallal GE ,Dawson-Hughes B . Effect of vitamin D intake on seasonal variations in parathyroid hormone secretion in postmenopausal women. N Engl J Med 1989;321:1777-1783
Full Text | Web of Science | Medline25
Dawson-Hughes B ,Dallal GE ,Krall EA ,Harris S ,Sokoll LJ ,Falconer G . Effect of vitamin D supplementation on wintertime and overall bone loss in healthy postmenopausal women. Ann Intern Med 1991;115:505-512
Web of Science | Medline26
Peacock M, Selby PL, Francis RM, Brown WB, Hordon L. Vitamin D deficiency, insufficiency, sufficiency, and intoxication: what do they mean? In: Norman AW, Schaefer K, Grigoleit H-G, von Herrath D, eds. Vitamin D: chemical, biochemical, and clinical update: sixth workshop on vitamin D. New York: Walter de Gruyter, 1985:569-70.
27
Sherman SS ,Hollis BW ,Tobin JD . Vitamin D status and related parameters in a healthy population: the effects of age, sex, and season. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1990;71:405-413
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline28
Holick MF ,Shao Q ,Liu WW ,Chen TC . The vitamin D content of fortified milk and infant formula. N Engl J Med 1992;326:1178-1181
Full Text | Web of Science | Medline29
Dawson-Hughes B ,Harris SS ,Krall EA ,Dallal GE ,Falconer G ,Green CL . Rates of bone loss in postmenopausal women randomly assigned to one of two dosages of vitamin D. Am J Clin Nutr 1995;61:1140-1145
Web of Science | Medline30
Lips P ,Graafmans WC ,Ooms ME ,Bezemer PD ,Bouter LM . Vitamin D supplementation and fracture incidence in elderly persons: a randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Ann Intern Med 1996;124:400-406
Web of Science | Medline31
Dawson-Hughes B ,Harris SS ,Krall EA ,Dallal GE . Effect of calcium and vitamin D supplementation on bone density in men and women 65 years of age or older. N Engl J Med 1997;337:670-676
Full Text | Web of Science | Medline32
McAlindon TE ,Felson DT ,Zhang Y , et al. Relation of dietary intake and serum levels of vitamin D to progression of osteoarthritis of the knee among participants in the Framingham Study. Ann Intern Med 1996;125:353-359
Web of Science | Medline33
Gavison R ,Bar-Shavit Z . Impaired macrophage activation in vitamin D3 deficiency: differential in vitro effects of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 on mouse peritoneal macrophage functions. J Immunol 1989;143:3686-3690
Web of Science | Medline34
Holick MF . The use and interpretation of assays for vitamin D and its metabolites. J Nutr 1990;120:Suppl:1464-1469
Web of Science | Medline35
Cooke NE ,Haddad JG . Vitamin D binding protein (Gc-globulin). Endocr Rev 1989;10:294-307
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline
- Citing Articles (381)
Citing Articles
1
L. Ray Matthews, Yusuf Ahmed, Kenneth L. Wilson, Diane D. Griggs, Omar K. Danner. (2012) Worsening severity of vitamin D deficiency is associated with increased length of stay, surgical intensive care unit cost, and mortality rate in surgical intensive care unit patients. The American Journal of Surgery
CrossRef2
Helena Orell-Kotikangas, Ursula Schwab, Pia Österlund, Kauko Saarilahti, Outi Mäkitie, Antti A. Mäkitie. (2012) High prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency in patients with head and neck cancer at diagnosis. Head & Neckn/a-n/a
CrossRef3
John Milner. 2011. Bioactive Food Components and the U-Shaped Health Conundrum. , 285-300.
CrossRef4
Itsuo Gorai, Shin Hattori, Yaku Tanaka, Yasuhisa Iwaoki. (2011) Alfacalcidol-supplemented raloxifene therapy has greater bone-sparing effect than raloxifene-alone therapy in postmenopausal Japanese women with osteoporosis or osteopenia. Journal of Bone and Mineral Metabolism
CrossRef5
René St-Arnaud, Roy Pascal Naja. (2011) Vitamin D metabolism, cartilage and bone fracture repair. Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology 347:1-2, 48-54
CrossRef6
Walid Saliba, Ofra Barnett, Hedy S. Rennert, Idit Lavi, Gad Rennert. (2011) The Relationship Between Serum 25(OH)D and Parathyroid Hormone Levels. The American Journal of Medicine 124:12, 1165-1170
CrossRef7
Muyesser Okumus, Mine Koybası, Figen Tuncay, Esma Ceceli, Figen Ayhan, Rezan Yorgancioglu, Pinar Borman. (2011) Fibromyalgia Syndrome: Is It Related to Vitamin D Deficiency in Premenopausal Female Patients?. Pain Management Nursing
CrossRef8
Paul Glendenning, Charles A. Inderjeeth. (2011) Screening for vitamin D deficiency. Pathology1
CrossRef9
Stefan T. Kaehler, Holger Baumgartner, Martina Jeske, Markus Anliker, Harald Schennach, Peter Marschang, Anna Ratt, Anna C. Colvin, Jennifer Falk, Astrid Gasser, Julia Kirchebner, Christine Scherer, Anna E. Purtscher, Andrea Griesmacher, Jörg Striessnig. (2011) Prevalence of hypovitaminosis D and folate deficiency in healthy young female Austrian students in a health care profession. European Journal of Nutrition
CrossRef10
William G. Petchey, David W. Johnson, Carmel M. Hawley, Nicole M. Isbel. (2011) Predictors of Vitamin D Status in Predialysis Chronic Kidney Disease Patients: A Cross-sectional Analysis in a High Ultraviolet Climate. Journal of Renal Nutrition
CrossRef11
Horng-Yih Ou, Rudruidee Karnchanasorn, Lauren Z. Lee, Ken C. Chiu. (2011) Interaction of BMI with vitamin D and insulin sensitivity. European Journal of Clinical Investigation 41:11, 1195-1201
CrossRef12
Paul Lee. (2011) Vitamin D metabolism and deficiency in critical illness. Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 25:5, 769-781
CrossRef13
Richard Rutstein, Alison Downes, Babette Zemel, Joan Schall, Virginia Stallings. (2011) Vitamin D status in children and young adults with perinatally acquired HIV infection. Clinical Nutrition 30:5, 624-628
CrossRef14
Dima A Youssef, Adel M El Abbassi, Della C Cutchins, Shalini Chhabra, Alan N Peiris. (2011) Vitamin D deficiency: Implications for acute care in the elderly and in patients with chronic illness. Geriatrics & Gerontology International 11:4, 395-407
CrossRef15
Atul Gupta, Andrew Bush, Catherine Hawrylowicz, Sejal Saglani. (2011) Vitamin D and Asthma in Children. Paediatric Respiratory Reviews
CrossRef16
Megumi Shibata, Atsushi Suzuki, Takao Sekiya, Sahoko Sekiguchi, Shogo Asano, Yasuhiro Udagawa, Mitsuyasu Itoh. (2011) High prevalence of hypovitaminosis D in pregnant Japanese women with threatened premature delivery. Journal of Bone and Mineral Metabolism 29:5, 615-620
CrossRef17
Shota Ikegami, Mikio Kamimura, Shigeharu Uchiyama, Hiroyuki Kato. (2011) Women with insufficient 25-hydroxyvitamin D without secondary hyperparathyroidism have altered bone turnover and greater incidence of vertebral fractures. Journal of Orthopaedic Science 16:5, 573-580
CrossRef18
Peter P. Reese, Roy D. Bloom, Harold I. Feldman, Ari Huverserian, Arwin Thomasson, Justine Shults, Takayuki Hamano, Simin Goral, Abraham Shaked, Kimberly Olthoff, Michael R. Rickels, Melissa Bleicher, Mary B. Leonard. (2011) Changes in vitamin D binding protein and vitamin D concentrations associated with liver transplantation. Liver Internationaln/a-n/a
CrossRef19
John H. White. (2011) Vitamin D metabolism and signaling in the immune system. Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders
CrossRef20
Fusheng Sun, Chuanxia Ju, Jiahong Chen, Sai Liu, Na Liu, Keke Wang, Chenguang Liu. (2011) Nanoparticles Based on Hydrophobic Alginate Derivative as Nutraceutical Delivery Vehicle: Vitamin D 3 Loading. Artificial Cells, Blood Substitutes and Biotechnology1-7
CrossRef21
Jessy Hayek, Grace Egeland, Hope Weiler. (2011) Older age and lower adiposity predict better 25-hydroxy vitamin D concentration in Inuit adults: International Polar Year Inuit Health Survey, 2007–2008. Archives of Osteoporosis
CrossRef22
Camille E Powe, Catherine Ricciardi, Anders H Berg, Delger Erdenesanaa, Gina Collerone, Elizabeth Ankers, Julia Wenger, S Ananth Karumanchi, Ravi Thadhani, Ishir Bhan. (2011) Vitamin D-binding protein modifies the vitamin D-bone mineral density relationship. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research 26:7, 1609-1616
CrossRef23
Ping Zhou, Clyde Schechter, Ziyong Cai, Morri Markowitz. (2011) Determinants of 25(OH)D Sufficiency in Obese Minority Children: Selecting Outcome Measures and Analytic Approaches. The Journal of Pediatrics 158:6, 930-934.e1
CrossRef24
Fumihiro Omasu, Yumiko Seki, Suzuko Hashiguchi, Shinya Hashiguchi, Kazuo Yamakami, Yutaka Sakurai, Yoshibumi Nakahara. (2011) The influence of physical activity on the bone mass through the bone metabolism in premenopausal adult Japanese women. Journal of Public Health 19:3, 241-247
CrossRef25
L. L. Schierbeck, T. S. Jensen, U. Bang, G. Jensen, L. Kober, J.-E. B. Jensen. (2011) Parathyroid hormone and vitamin D--markers for cardiovascular and all cause mortality in heart failure. European Journal of Heart Failure 13:6, 626-632
CrossRef26
Martin A. Kriegel, JoAnn E. Manson, Karen H. Costenbader. (2011) Does Vitamin D Affect Risk of Developing Autoimmune Disease?: A Systematic Review. Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism 40:6, 512-531.e8
CrossRef27
Michel Chonchol, Jessica Kendrick, Giovanni Targher. (2011) Extra-skeletal effects of vitamin D deficiency in chronic kidney disease. Annals of Medicine 43:4, 273-282
CrossRef28
Eman M. Alissa, Sara Ghazi Qadi, Naseem Abdulmohi Alhujaili, Afaf Mohammed Alshehri, Gordon A. Ferns. (2011) Effect of diet and lifestyle factors on bone health in postmenopausal women. Journal of Bone and Mineral Metabolism
CrossRef29
Mika Yamauchi, Hiroshi Kaji, Kiyoko Nawata, Shin Takaoka, Toru Yamaguchi, Toshitsugu Sugimoto. (2011) Role of Parathyroid Hormone in Bone Fragility of Postmenopausal Women with Vitamin D Insufficiency. Calcified Tissue International 88:5, 362-369
CrossRef30
WILLIAM G PETCHEY, DAVID W JOHNSON, NICOLE M ISBEL. (2011) Shining D' light on chronic kidney disease: Mechanisms that may underpin the cardiovascular benefit of vitamin D. Nephrology 16:4, 351-367
CrossRef31
Luke J. Peppone, Alissa J. Huston, Mary E. Reid, Randy N. Rosier, Yousef Zakharia, Donald L. Trump, Karen M. Mustian, Michelle C. Janelsins, Jason Q. Purnell, Gary R. Morrow. (2011) The effect of various vitamin D supplementation regimens in breast cancer patients. Breast Cancer Research and Treatment 127:1, 171-177
CrossRef32
Milos Cekic, Sarah M. Cutler, Jacob W. VanLandingham, Donald G. Stein. (2011) Vitamin D deficiency reduces the benefits of progesterone treatment after brain injury in aged rats. Neurobiology of Aging 32:5, 864-874
CrossRef33
David S.H. Bell. (2011) Protean Manifestations of Vitamin D Deficiency, Part 1. Southern Medical Journal 104:5, 331-334
CrossRef34
Anthony J. Pellicane, Nicole M. Wysocki, Trudy R. Mallinson, Thomas J. Schnitzer. (2011) Prevalence of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Deficiency in the Acute Inpatient Rehabilitation Population and Its Effect on Function. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 92:5, 705-711
CrossRef35
Nuria Vilarrasa, Patricia San José, Isabel García, Carmen Gómez-Vaquero, Pilar Medina Miras, Amador G. Ruiz Gordejuela, Carles Masdevall, Jordi Pujol, Joan Soler, José Manuel Gómez. (2011) Evaluation of Bone Mineral Density Loss in Morbidly Obese Women After Gastric Bypass: 3-Year Follow-Up. Obesity Surgery 21:4, 465-472
CrossRef36
W. Messenger, C.M. Nielson, H. Li, T. Beer, E. Barrett-Connor, K. Stone, J. Shannon. (2011) Serum and dietary vitamin D and cardiovascular disease risk in elderly men: A prospective cohort study. Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases
CrossRef37
Matteo Cesari, Raffaele Antonelli Incalzi, Valentina Zamboni, Marco Pahor. (2011) Vitamin D hormone: A multitude of actions potentially influencing the physical function decline in older persons. Geriatrics & Gerontology International 11:2, 133-142
CrossRef38
Manju Chandran, Hans C. Hoeck, Hung C. Wong, Rong F. Zhang, Hans P. Dimai. (2011) Vitamin D Status and Its Relationship with Bone Mineral Density and Parathyroid Hormone in Southeast Asian Adults with Low Bone Density. Endocrine Practice 17:2, 226-234
CrossRef39
E. Lardner, M. Fitzgibbon, S. Wilson, D. Griffin, E. Mulkerrin. (2011) Hypovitaminosis D in a healthy female population, aged from 40 to 85 years, in the west of Ireland. Irish Journal of Medical Science 180:1, 115-119
CrossRef40
Georg Goliasch, Hermann Blessberger, Danyel Azar, Georg Heinze, Johann Wojta, Christian Bieglmayer, Oswald Wagner, Martin Schillinger, Kurt Huber, Gerald Maurer, Martin Haas, Franz Wiesbauer. (2011) Markers of bone metabolism in premature myocardial infarction (≤40years of age). Bone 48:3, 622-626
CrossRef41
Arie Steinvil, Eran Leshem-Rubinow, Shlomo Berliner, Dan Justo, Talya Finn, Maya Ish-shalom, Edo Y. Birati, Varda Shalev, Bracha Sheinberg, Ori Rogowski. (2011) Vitamin D deficiency prevalence and cardiovascular risk in Israel. European Journal of Clinical Investigation 41:3, 263-268
CrossRef42
I González-Molero, S Morcillo, S Valdés, V Pérez-Valero, P Botas, E Delgado, D Hernández, G Olveira, G Rojo, C Gutierrez-Repiso, E Rubio-Martín, E Menéndez, F Soriguer. (2011) Vitamin D deficiency in Spain: a population-based cohort study. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 65:3, 321-328
CrossRef43
T. D. Shanafelt, M. T. Drake, M. J. Maurer, C. Allmer, K. G. Rabe, S. L. Slager, G. J. Weiner, T. G. Call, B. K. Link, C. S. Zent, N. E. Kay, C. A. Hanson, T. E. Witzig, J. R. Cerhan. (2011) Vitamin D insufficiency and prognosis in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Blood 117:5, 1492-1498
CrossRef44
A. Burgaz, L. Byberg, S. Rautiainen, N. Orsini, N. Håkansson, J. Ärnlöv, J. Sundström, L. Lind, H. Melhus, K. Michaëlsson, A. Wolk. (2011) Confirmed hypertension and plasma 25(OH)D concentrations amongst elderly men. Journal of Internal Medicine 269:2, 211-218
CrossRef45
M.-S. M. Ardawi, M. H. Qari, A. A. Rouzi, A. A. Maimani, R. M. Raddadi. (2011) Vitamin D status in relation to obesity, bone mineral density, bone turnover markers and vitamin D receptor genotypes in healthy Saudi pre- and postmenopausal women. Osteoporosis International 22:2, 463-475
CrossRef46
E. Paul Cherniack, Hermes J. Florez, Bruce W. Hollis, Bernard A. Roos, Bruce R. Troen, Silvina Levis. (2011) The Response of Elderly Veterans to Daily Vitamin D3 Supplementation of 2,000 IU: A Pilot Efficacy Study. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 59:2, 286-290
CrossRef47
Timothy To. (2011) Vitamin D Deficiency in an Australian Inpatient Hospice Population. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management 41:1, e1-e2
CrossRef48
Patrick H. Biggar, Orfeas Liangos, Holger Fey, Vincent M. Brandenburg, Markus Ketteler. (2011) Vitamin D, chronic kidney disease and survival: a pluripotent hormone or just another bone drug?. Pediatric Nephrology 26:1, 7-18
CrossRef49
Béatrice Bouvard, Cédric Annweiler, Agnès Sallé, Olivier Beauchet, Daniel Chappard, Maurice Audran, Erick Legrand. (2011) Extraskeletal effects of vitamin D: Facts, uncertainties, and controversies. Joint Bone Spine 78:1, 10-16
CrossRef50
C. Pino, H.D. Humes. 2011. Bioartificial Kidney. , 543-559.
CrossRef51
Animesh Pardanani, Matthew T. Drake, Christy Finke, Terra L. Lasho, Shaina A. Rozell, Thitina Jimma, Ayalew Tefferi. (2011) Vitamin D insufficiency in myeloproliferative neoplasms and myelodysplastic syndromes: Clinical correlates and prognostic studies. American Journal of Hematologyn/a-n/a
CrossRef52
Sindhaghatta Venkatram, Sridhar Chilimuri, Muhammad Adrish, Abayomi Salako, Madanmohan Patel, Gilda Diaz-Fuentes. (2011) Vitamin D deficiency as associated with mortality in the medical intensive care unit. Critical Care 15:6, R292
CrossRef53
Connie Weaver, Richard Lewis, Emma Laing. 2011. Adolescence and Acquisition of Peak Bone Mass. , 657-677.
CrossRef54
Robert P. Heaney. 2011. Vitamin D. , 607-624.
CrossRef55
René St-Arnaud. 2011. CYP24A1. , 43-56.
CrossRef56
Michael F. Holick. 2011. Photobiology of Vitamin D. , 13-22.
CrossRef57
Harald Sourij, Harald Dobnig. 2011. Vitamin D and Cardiovascular Disease. , 1973-1997.
CrossRef58
Shireen Mansoor, Aysha Habib, Farooq Ghani, Zafar Fatmi, Salma Badruddin, Sarwat Mansoor, Imran Siddiqui, Abdul Jabbar. (2010) Prevalence and significance of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency among apparently healthy adults. Clinical Biochemistry 43:18, 1431-1435
CrossRef59
Ma_gorzata Nogala-Ka_ucka. 2010. Lipophilic Vitamins. , 135-161.
CrossRef60
D. Rendina, G. De Filippo, P. Strazzullo. (2010) Should vitamin D status be assessed in patients with congestive heart failure?. Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases 20:9, 627-632
CrossRef61
P. Ameri, D. Ronco, M. Casu, A. Denegri, M. Bovio, S. Menoni, D. Ferone, G. Murialdo. (2010) High prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and its association with left ventricular dilation: An echocardiography study in elderly patients with chronic heart failure. Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases 20:9, 633-640
CrossRef62
Hasan Onal, Erdal Adal, Seçil Alpaslan, Atilla Ersen, Ahmet Aydin. (2010) Is daily 400 IU of vitamin D supplementation appropriate for every country: a cross-sectional study. European Journal of Nutrition 49:7, 395-400
CrossRef63
Núria Vilarrasa, Joan Vendrell, Javier Maravall, Iñaki Elío, Esther Solano, Patricia San José, Isabel García, Núria Virgili, Juan Soler, José Manuel Gómez. (2010) Is plasma 25(OH) D related to adipokines, inflammatory cytokines and insulin resistance in both a healthy and morbidly obese population?. Endocrine 38:2, 235-242
CrossRef64
Leticia Elizondo-Montemayor, Patricia A. Ugalde-Casas, Mónica Serrano-González, Carlos A. Cuello-García, José R. Borbolla-Escoboza. (2010) Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentration, Life Factors and Obesity in Mexican Children. Obesity 18:9, 1805-1811
CrossRef65
C. P. Kovesdy, V. Ureche, J. L. Lu, K. Kalantar-Zadeh. (2010) Outcome predictability of serum alkaline phosphatase in men with pre-dialysis CKD. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 25:9, 3003-3011
CrossRef66
Vincenzo Carnevale, Luciano Nieddu, Elisabetta Romagnoli, Claudia Battista, Maria Lucia Mascia, Iacopo Chiodini, Cristina Eller-Vainicher, Vincenzo Frusciante, Stefano Angelo Santini, Michele La Porta, Salvatore Minisola, Alfredo Scillitani. (2010) Regulation of PTH secretion by 25-hydroxyvitamin D and ionized calcium depends on vitamin D status: A study in a large cohort of healthy subjects. Bone 47:3, 626-630
CrossRef67
Rukshana Shroff, Craig Knott, Lesley Rees. (2010) The virtues of vitamin D—but how much is too much?. Pediatric Nephrology 25:9, 1607-1620
CrossRef68
Kamyar Kalantar-Zadeh, Anuja Shah, Uyen Duong, Rulin C Hechter, Ramanath Dukkipati, Csaba P Kovesdy. (2010) Kidney bone disease and mortality in CKD: revisiting the role of vitamin D, calcimimetics, alkaline phosphatase, and minerals. Kidney International 78, S10-S21
CrossRef69
P. Lips. (2010) Worldwide status of vitamin D nutrition. The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 121:1-2, 297-300
CrossRef70
René St-Arnaud. (2010) CYP24A1-deficient mice as a tool to uncover a biological activity for vitamin D metabolites hydroxylated at position 24. The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 121:1-2, 254-256
CrossRef71
Renée A. Shellhaas, Sucheta M. Joshi. (2010) Vitamin D and Bone Health Among Children With Epilepsy. Pediatric Neurology 42:6, 385-393
CrossRef72
Rizwan A. Qazi, Kevin J. Martin. (2010) Vitamin D in Kidney Disease: Pathophysiology and the Utility of Treatment. Endocrinology & Metabolism Clinics of North America 39:2, 355-363
CrossRef73
Mohammad Garakyaraghi, Maryam Kerdegari, Mansour Siavash. (2010) Calcium and Vitamin D Status in Heart Failure Patients in Isfahan, Iran. Biological Trace Element Research 135:1-3, 67-73
CrossRef74
G.K. Schwalfenberg, S.J. Genuis, M.N. Hiltz. (2010) Addressing vitamin D deficiency in Canada: A public health innovation whose time has come. Public Health 124:6, 350-359
CrossRef75
Ravi Thadhani, JoAnn E. Manson. (2010) Vitamin D for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Women: State of the Evidence. Current Cardiovascular Risk Reports 4:3, 216-221
CrossRef76
Helen Eddington, Philip A. Kalra. (2010) THE ASSOCIATION OF CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE-MINERAL BONE DISORDER AND CARDIOVASCULAR RISK. Journal of Renal Care 36, 61-67
CrossRef77
Lesley E Rhodes, Ann R Webb, Heather I Fraser, Richard Kift, Marie T Durkin, Donald Allan, Sarah J O'Brien, Andy Vail, Jacqueline L Berry. (2010) Recommended Summer Sunlight Exposure Levels Can Produce Sufficient (
20 ng ml−1) but Not the Proposed Optimal (
CrossRef78
Cédric Annweiler, Sophie Pochic, Bruno Fantino, Erick Legrand, Régis Bataille, Manuel Montero-Odasso, Olivier Beauchet. (2010) Serum vitamin D concentration and short-term mortality among geriatric inpatients in acute care settings. Advances in Therapy 27:4, 245-249
CrossRef79
Jane A Cauley, Neeta Parimi, Kristine E Ensrud, Douglas C Bauer, Peggy M Cawthon, Steven R Cummings, Andrew R Hoffman, James M Shikany, Elizabeth Barrett-Connor, Eric Orwoll. (2010) Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and the risk of hip and nonspine fractures in older men. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research 25:3, 545-553
CrossRef80
Qamar J. Khan, Bruce F. Kimler, Carol J. Fabian. (2010) The Relationship Between Vitamin D and Breast Cancer Incidence and Natural History. Current Oncology Reports 12:2, 136-142
CrossRef81
Gregory A. Nemunaitis, Melvin Mejia, Jennifer A. Nagy, Tova Johnson, John Chae, Mary Joan Roach. (2010) A Descriptive Study on Vitamin D Levels in Individuals With Spinal Cord Injury in an Acute Inpatient Rehabilitation Setting. PM&R 2:3, 202-208
CrossRef82
María Luz Pita Martin Portela, Amália Mónico, Antonieta Barahona, Hernan Dupraz, Macarena Maria Sol Gonzales-Chaves, Susana Noemi Zeni. (2010) Comparative 25-OH-vitamin D level in institutionalized women older than 65 years from two cities in Spain and Argentina having a similar solar radiation index. Nutrition 26:3, 283-289
CrossRef83
Abdurahman H. Nour, Azhary H. Nour, A.P.S. Vissaliny, A.P.V. Rajaletchu. (2010) Kinetics Study of Sewage Sludge Treatment by an Aerobic Digestion. Journal of Applied Sciences 10:3, 226-230
CrossRef84
Michal L Melamed, Juhi Kumar. (2010) Low levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D in the pediatric populations: prevalence and clinical outcomes. Pediatric Health 4:1, 89-97
CrossRef85
R D Semba, D K Houston, S Bandinelli, K Sun, A Cherubini, A R Cappola, J M Guralnik, L Ferrucci. (2010) Relationship of 25-hydroxyvitamin D with all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality in older community-dwelling adults. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 64:2, 203-209
CrossRef86
Abdullah Bereket. (2010) Nutritional rickets: still a problem for the pediatric population. Pediatric Health 4:1, 75-87
CrossRef87
A.L. Hanson, L.E. Metzger. (2010) Evaluation of increased vitamin D fortification in high-temperature, short-time–processed 2% milk, UHT-processed 2% fat chocolate milk, and low-fat strawberry yogurt. Journal of Dairy Science 93:2, 801-807
CrossRef88
Toshiro Seki, Michiko Yamamoto, Hironari Kimura, Mika Tsuiki, Masami Ono, Nobuhiro Miki, Kazue Takano, Kanji Sato. (2010) Vitamin D deficiency in two young adults with biochemical findings resembling pseudohypoparathyroidism type I and type II. Endocrine Journal 57:8, 735-744
CrossRef89
Johann C Brandes, Ruhul Amin, Fadlo Khuri, Dong Moon Shin. (2010) Prevention of Lung Cancer: Future Perspective with Natural Compounds. Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases 69:1, 1
CrossRef90
Qamar J. Khan, Pavan S. Reddy, Bruce F. Kimler, Priyanka Sharma, Susan E. Baxa, Anne P. O’Dea, Jennifer R. Klemp, Carol J. Fabian. (2010) Effect of vitamin D supplementation on serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels, joint pain, and fatigue in women starting adjuvant letrozole treatment for breast cancer. Breast Cancer Research and Treatment 119:1, 111-118
CrossRef91
Gianluigi Fabbriciani, Matteo Pirro, Christian Leli, Andrea Cecchetti, Laura Callarelli, Giuseppe Rinonapoli, Anna Maria Scarponi, Elmo Mannarino. (2010) Diffuse Muscoskeletal Pain and Proximal Myopathy. JCR: Journal of Clinical Rheumatology 16:1, 34-37
CrossRef92
R BOUILLON. 2010. Vitamin D and Bone. , 243-253.
CrossRef93
D.A. Fernandes de Abreu, D. Eyles, F. Féron. (2009) Vitamin D, a neuro-immunomodulator: Implications for neurodegenerative and autoimmune diseases. Psychoneuroendocrinology 34, S265-S277
CrossRef94
Garip Sahin, Ismail Kirli, Basar Sirmagul, Ertugrul Colak, Ahmet Ugur Yalcin. (2009) Loss via peritoneal fluid as a factor for low 25(OH)D3 level in peritoneal dialysis patients. International Urology and Nephrology 41:4, 989-996
CrossRef95
George Liamis, Haralampos J. Milionis, Moses Elisaf. (2009) A review of drug-induced hypocalcemia. Journal of Bone and Mineral Metabolism 27:6, 635-642
CrossRef96
Joon Ho Song, H. David Humes. (2009) Renal Cell Therapy and Beyond. Seminars in Dialysis 22:6, 603-609
CrossRef97
Elena Segal, Chaim Zinman, Batia Raz, Sophia Ish-Shalom. (2009) Low patient compliance—A major negative factor in achieving vitamin D adequacy in elderly hip fracture patients supplemented with 800IU of vitamin D3 daily. Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics 49:3, 364-367
CrossRef98
Rajnish Mehrotra, Dulcie A Kermah, Isidro B Salusky, Myles S Wolf, Ravi I Thadhani, Yi-Wen Chiu, David Martins, Sharon G Adler, Keith C Norris. (2009) Chronic kidney disease, hypovitaminosis D, and mortality in the United States. Kidney International 76:9, 977-983
CrossRef99
P. Pramyothin, S. Techasurungkul, J. Lin, H. Wang, A. Shah, P. D. Ross, R. Puapong, R. D. Wasnich. (2009) Vitamin D status and falls, frailty, and fractures among postmenopausal Japanese women living in Hawaii. Osteoporosis International 20:11, 1955-1962
CrossRef100
C. B. Franco, G. Paz-Filho, P. E. Gomes, V. B. Nascimento, C. A. M. Kulak, C. L. Boguszewski, V. Z. C. Borba. (2009) Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is associated with osteoporosis and low levels of vitamin D. Osteoporosis International 20:11, 1881-1887
CrossRef101
, A. Mithal, D. A. Wahl, J.-P. Bonjour, P. Burckhardt, B. Dawson-Hughes, J. A. Eisman, G. El-Hajj Fuleihan, R. G. Josse, P. Lips, J. Morales-Torres. (2009) Global vitamin D status and determinants of hypovitaminosis D. Osteoporosis International 20:11, 1807-1820
CrossRef102
John E Morley. (2009) Calories and cachexia. Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care 12:6, 607-610
CrossRef103
Nancy E Lange, Augusto Litonjua, Catherine M Hawrylowicz, Scott Weiss. (2009) Vitamin D, the immune system and asthma. Expert Review of Clinical Immunology 5:6, 693-702
CrossRef104
Hataikarn Nimitphong, Suwannee Chanprasertyothin, Wallaya Jongjaroenprasert, Boonsong Ongphiphadhanakul. (2009) The association between vitamin D status and circulating adiponectin independent of adiposity in subjects with abnormal glucose tolerance. Endocrine 36:2, 205-210
CrossRef105
Stefan Pilz, Andreas Tomaschitz, Eberhard Ritz, Thomas R. Pieber. (2009) Vitamin D status and arterial hypertension: a systematic review. Nature Reviews Cardiology 6:10, 621-630
CrossRef106
Donald L. Trump, Manpreet K. Chadha, Annette Y. Sunga, Marwan G. Fakih, Umeer Ashraf, Carrie G. Silliman, Bruce W. Hollis, Mary K. Nesline, Lili Tian, Wei Tan, Candace S. Johnson. (2009) Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency among patients with prostate cancer. BJU International 104:7, 909-914
CrossRef107
PHILIP CLAYTON, RICHARD SINGER. (2009) 25-Hydroxyvitamin D levels in prevalent Australian dialysis patients. Nephrology 14:6, 554-559
CrossRef108
Sarah A. Stechschulte, Robert S. Kirsner, Daniel G. Federman. (2009) Vitamin D: Bone and Beyond, Rationale and Recommendations for Supplementation. The American Journal of Medicine 122:9, 793-802
CrossRef109
Nava Stoffman, Catherine M Gordon. (2009) Vitamin D and adolescents: what do we know?. Current Opinion in Pediatrics 21:4, 465-471
CrossRef110
Nuria Vilarrasa, José Manuel Gómez, Iñaki Elio, Carmen Gómez-Vaquero, Carles Masdevall, Jordi Pujol, Núria Virgili, Rosa Burgos, Raquel Sánchez-Santos, Amador G. Ruiz Gordejuela, Joan Soler. (2009) Evaluation of Bone Disease in Morbidly Obese Women After Gastric Bypass and Risk Factors Implicated in Bone Loss. Obesity Surgery 19:7, 860-866
CrossRef111
Michael F. Holick. (2009) Multiple myeloma and cancer: Is there a D-lightful connection?. American Journal of Hematology 84:7, 393-394
CrossRef112
Maarit Kauppi, Olli Impivaara, Juhani Mäki, Markku Heliövaara, Jukka Marniemi, Jukka Montonen, Antti Jula. (2009) Vitamin D status and common risk factors for bone fragility as determinants of quantitative ultrasound variables in a nationally representative population sample. Bone 45:1, 119-124
CrossRef113
Katherine Wesseling-Perry, Isidro B Salusky. (2009) Is replacement therapy with nutritional and active forms of vitamin D required in chronic kidney disease mineral and bone disorder?. Current Opinion in Nephrology and Hypertension 18:4, 308-314
CrossRef114
Alfons Ramel, Palmi V Jonsson, Sigurbjorn Bjornsson, Inga Thorsdottir. (2009) Vitamin D deficiency and nutritional status in elderly hospitalized subjects in Iceland. Public Health Nutrition 12:07, 1001
CrossRef115
Milos Cekic, Iqbal Sayeed, Donald G. Stein. (2009) Combination treatment with progesterone and vitamin D hormone may be more effective than monotherapy for nervous system injury and disease. Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology 30:2, 158-172
CrossRef116
Fadoua Allali, Sihame El Aichaoui, Hamza Khazani, Boubker Benyahia, Bouchra Saoud, Saâd El Kabbaj, Rachid Bahiri, Redouane Abouqal, Najia Hajjaj-Hassouni. (2009) High Prevalence of Hypovitaminosis D in Morocco: Relationship to Lifestyle, Physical Performance, Bone Markers, and Bone Mineral Density. Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism 38:6, 444-451
CrossRef117
John O Elliott. (2009) Possible methods for the prevention of bone loss in persons with epilepsy. Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics 9:6, 797-812
CrossRef118
Jean-Philippe Bonjour, Léon Guéguen, Cristina Palacios, Martin J. Shearer, Connie M. Weaver. (2009) Minerals and vitamins in bone health: the potential value of dietary enhancement. British Journal of Nutrition 101:11, 1581
CrossRef119
Ilona Nurmi-Lüthje, Peter Lüthje, Juha-Pekka Kaukonen, Matti Kataja, Salla Kuurne, Helena Naboulsi, Kalevi Karjalainen. (2009) Post-Fracture Prescribed Calcium and Vitamin D Supplements Alone or, in Females, with Concomitant Anti-Osteoporotic Drugs is Associated with Lower Mortality in Elderly Hip Fracture Patients. Drugs & Aging 26:5, 409-421
CrossRef120
Dalia Kasperavičiūtė, Sanjay M Sisodiya. (2009) Epilepsy pharmacogenetics. Pharmacogenomics 10:5, 817-836
CrossRef121
Erik Nordenström, Johan Westerdahl, Anders Bergenfelz. (2009) Effect on bone density of postoperative calcium and vitamin-D supplementation in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism: A retrospective study. Langenbeck's Archives of Surgery 394:3, 461-467
CrossRef122
T.-T. L. Dam, D. Mühlen, E. L. Barrett-Connor. (2009) Sex-specific association of serum vitamin D levels with physical function in older adults. Osteoporosis International 20:5, 751-760
CrossRef123
Ghada El-Hajj Fuleihan. (2009) Vitamin D Deficiency in the Middle East and its Health Consequences for Children and Adults. Clinical Reviews in Bone and Mineral Metabolism 7:1, 77-93
CrossRef124
Marie Courbebaisse, Eric Thervet, Jean Claude Souberbielle, Julien Zuber, Dominique Eladari, Frank Martinez, Marie-France Mamzer-Bruneel, Pablo Urena, Christophe Legendre, Gerard Friedlander, Dominique Prié. (2009) Effects of vitamin D supplementation on the calcium–phosphate balance in renal transplant patients. Kidney International 75:6, 646-651
CrossRef125
L. H. Foo, Q. Zhang, K. Zhu, G. Ma, A. Trube, H. Greenfield, D. R. Fraser. (2009) Relationship between vitamin D status, body composition and physical exercise of adolescent girls in Beijing. Osteoporosis International 20:3, 417-425
CrossRef126
Laura Kooienga, Linda Fried, Robert Scragg, Jessica Kendrick, Gerard Smits, Michel Chonchol. (2009) The Effect of Combined Calcium and Vitamin D3 Supplementation on Serum Intact Parathyroid Hormone in Moderate CKD. American Journal of Kidney Diseases 53:3, 408-416
CrossRef127
Elena Segal, Valentina Raichlin, Sophia Rimbrot, Chaim Zinman, Batia Raz, Sophia Ish-Shalom. (2009) Hip fractures in the elderly in Israel—Possible impact of preventable conditions. Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics 48:2, 182-185
CrossRef128
Michael F. Holick. (2009) Vitamin D and Health: Evolution, Biologic Functions, and Recommended Dietary Intakes for Vitamin D. Clinical Reviews in Bone and Mineral Metabolism 7:1, 2-19
CrossRef129
Michael Holick. 2009. Hyperparathyroidisms. .
CrossRef130
Michael F. Holick. (2009) Vitamin D Status: Measurement, Interpretation, and Clinical Application. Annals of Epidemiology 19:2, 73-78
CrossRef131
C. Annweiler, O. Beauchet, G. Berrut, B. Fantino, M. Bonnefoy, F. R. Herrmann, A. M. Schott. (2009) Is there an association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration and muscle strength among older women? Results from baseline assessment of the EPIDOS study. The Journal of Nutrition, Health and Aging 13:2, 90-95
CrossRef132
Rodrigo Moreno-Reyes, Yvon A. Carpentier, Marleen Boelaert, Khadija El Moumni, Ghislaine Dufourny, Christine Bazelmans, Alain Levêque, Christine Gervy, Serge Goldman. (2009) Vitamin D deficiency and hyperparathyroidism in relation to ethnicity: a cross-sectional survey in healthy adults. European Journal of Nutrition 48:1, 31-37
CrossRef133
Wendy L St. Peter, Shuling Li, Jiannong Liu, David T Gilbertson, Thomas J Arneson, Allan J Collins. (2009) Effects of Monthly Dose and Regular Dosing of Intravenous Active Vitamin D Use on Mortality Among Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis. Pharmacotherapy 29:2, 154-164
CrossRef134
Laura AG Armas. (2009) Vitamin D, infections and immune-mediated diseases. International Journal of Clinical Rheumatology 4:1, 89-103
CrossRef135
M. Shardell, G. E. Hicks, R. R. Miller, S. Kritchevsky, D. Andersen, S. Bandinelli, A. Cherubini, L. Ferrucci. (2009) Association of Low Vitamin D Levels With the Frailty Syndrome in Men and Women. The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences 64A:1, 69-75
CrossRef136
Young-Mee Choi, Jun-Ho Lee, Ji-Sook Han. (2009) Effects of Vitamin D and Calcium Intervention on the Improvement of Resistance in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Korean Diabetes Journal 33:4, 324
CrossRef137
M. Rodríguez, B. Daniels, S. Gunawardene, G.K. Robbins. (2009) High Frequency of Vitamin D Deficiency in Ambulatory HIV-Positive Patients. AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses 25:1, 9-14
CrossRef138
Pietro Ravani, Fabio Malberti, Giovanni Tripepi, Paola Pecchini, Sebastiano Cutrupi, Patrizia Pizzini, Francesca Mallamaci, Carmine Zoccali. (2009) Vitamin D levels and patient outcome in chronic kidney disease. Kidney International 75:1, 88-95
CrossRef139
Hussein F. Saadi, Adekunle Dawodu, Bachar Afandi, Reem Zayed, Sheela Benedict, Nicolaas Nagelkerke, Bruce W. Hollis. (2009) Effect of combined maternal and infant vitamin D supplementation on vitamin D status of exclusively breastfed infants. Maternal & Child Nutrition 5:1, 25-32
CrossRef140
E. Rock. 2009. Fat-soluble vitamins and ageing. , 374-398.
CrossRef141
Johann D. Ringe, Patrice Fardellone, Hans-Peter Kruse, Michael Amling, Stefan A.P. van der Geest, Gerd Möller. (2009) Value of a New Fixed-Combination Pack of Bisphosphonate, Calcium and Vitamin D in the Therapy of Osteoporosis. Drugs & Aging 26:3, 241-253
CrossRef142
Elizabeth G. Grubbs, Safia Rafeeq, Camilo Jimenez, Lei Feng, Jeffrey E. Lee, Douglas B. Evans, Nancy D. Perrier. (2008) Preoperative vitamin D replacement therapy in primary hyperparathyroidism: Safe and beneficial?. Surgery 144:6, 852-859
CrossRef143
Lídia SÀNCHEZ RIERA, Nicholas M. WILSON, Philip N. SAMBROOK, Cindy KOK, Robert G. CUMMING, Ian D. CAMERON, Jian Sheng CHEN, Judy SIMPSON, Rebecca S. MASON, Markus J. SEIBEL, Lynn M. MARCH. (2008) Trends in calcium and vitamin D usage among older people in nursing care facilities in Australia: still falling short of the guidelines. International Journal of Rheumatic Diseases 11:4, 430-434
CrossRef144
Carol L. Wagner, Sarah N. Taylor, Bruce W. Hollis. (2008) Does Vitamin D Make the World Go ‘Round’?. Breastfeeding Medicine 3:4, 239-250
CrossRef145
Michael K. Turner, W. Michael Hooten, John E. Schmidt, Jennifer L. Kerkvliet, Cynthia O. Townsend, Barbara K. Bruce. (2008) Prevalence and Clinical Correlates of Vitamin D Inadequacy among Patients with Chronic Pain. Pain Medicine 9:8, 979-984
CrossRef146
Anne E Wolff, Andrea N Jones, Karen E Hansen. (2008) Vitamin D and musculoskeletal health. Nature Clinical Practice Rheumatology 4:11, 580-588
CrossRef147
Guillermo Javier Rosa Diez, Juliana Fassi, Soledad Crucelequi, Hector Rivera Nuñez, Matias Trillini, Aida Furci, Salomón Algranati, Luisa Plantalech. (2008) 25-Hydroxy Vitamin D Levels in Hemodialysis-Requiring End-Stage Renal Disease Patients. Dialysis & Transplantation 37:10, 388-390
CrossRef148
Shina Menon, Rudolph P. Valentini, Guillermo Hidalgo, Lena Peschansky, Tej K. Mattoo. (2008) Vitamin D insufficiency and hyperparathyroidism in children with chronic kidney disease. Pediatric Nephrology 23:10, 1831-1836
CrossRef149
Hisashi Takasu. (2008) Anti-osteoclastogenic action of active vitamin D. Nutrition Reviews 66, S113-S115
CrossRef150
David A Bushinsky, Justin Silver. (2008) Nutritional vitamin D: the benefits of supplementation. Current Opinion in Internal Medicine 7:5, 490-492
CrossRef151
Joseph T. Frost, Lani Hill. (2008) Vitamin D Deficiency in a Nonrandom Sample of Southeast Alaska Natives. Journal of the American Dietetic Association 108:9, 1508-1511
CrossRef152
Barbara Steele, Alana Serota, David L. Helfet, Margaret Peterson, Stephen Lyman, Joseph M. Lane. (2008) Vitamin D Deficiency: A Common Occurrence in Both High-and Low-energy Fractures. HSS Journal 4:2, 143-148
CrossRef153
Reena Kuriacose, Kenneth E. Olive. (2008) Prevalence of Vitamin D Deficiency and Insufficiency in Northeast Tennessee. Southern Medical Journal 101:9, 906-909
CrossRef154
M. S. LeBoff, W. G. Hawkes, J. Glowacki, J. Yu-Yahiro, S. Hurwitz, J. Magaziner. (2008) Vitamin D-deficiency and post-fracture changes in lower extremity function and falls in women with hip fractures. Osteoporosis International 19:9, 1283-1290
CrossRef155
G JEAN, B CHARRA, C CHAZOT. (2008) Vitamin D Deficiency and Associated Factors in Hemodialysis Patients. Journal of Renal Nutrition 18:5, 395-399
CrossRef156
David A Bushinsky, Justin Silver. (2008) Nutritional vitamin D: the benefits of supplementation. Current Opinion in Nephrology and Hypertension 17:4, 345-347
CrossRef157
E. P. Cherniack, H. Florez, B. A. Roos, B. R. Troen, S. Levis. (2008) Hypovitaminosis D in the elderly: From bone to brain. The Journal of Nutrition Health and Aging 12:6, 366-373
CrossRef158
Karen E Hansen, Andrea N Jones, Mary J Lindstrom, Lisa A Davis, Jean A Engelke, Martin M Shafer. (2008) Vitamin D Insufficiency: Disease or No Disease?. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research 23:7, 1052-1060
CrossRef159
Kathleen M. Egan, Lisa B. Signorello, Heather M. Munro, Margaret K. Hargreaves, Bruce W. Hollis, William J. Blot. (2008) Vitamin D insufficiency among African-Americans in the southeastern United States: implications for cancer disparities (United States). Cancer Causes & Control 19:5, 527-535
CrossRef160
Allan G. Need, B.E. Christopher Nordin. (2008) Misconceptions — Vitamin D insufficiency causes malabsorption of calcium. Bone 42:6, 1021-1024
CrossRef161
Nicola Brunetti-Pierri, Stephen B. Doty, John Hicks, Kelly Phan, Roberto Mendoza-Londono, Maria Blazo, Alyssa Tran, Susan Carter, Richard Alan Lewis, Sharon E. Plon, William A. Phillips, E. O’Brian Smith, Kenneth J. Ellis, Brendan Lee. (2008) Generalized metabolic bone disease in Neurofibromatosis type I. Molecular Genetics and Metabolism 94:1, 105-111
CrossRef162
Gregory E. Hicks, Michelle Shardell, Ram R. Miller, Stefania Bandinelli, Jack Guralnik, Antonio Cherubini, Fulvio Lauretani, Luigi Ferrucci. (2008) Associations Between Vitamin D Status and Pain in Older Adults: The Invecchiare in Chianti Study. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 56:5, 785-791
CrossRef163
Roy L Soiza, Graeme E Hoyle, Melvin PW Chua. (2008) Electrolyte and salt disturbances in older people: causes, management and implications. Reviews in Clinical Gerontology 18:02, 143
CrossRef164
Natasha Khazai, Suzanne E. Judd, Vin Tangpricha. (2008) Calcium and vitamin D: Skeletal and extraskeletal health. Current Rheumatology Reports 10:2, 110-117
CrossRef165
Shreyank S. Tripathi, Eric M. Gibney, Todd W.B. Gehr, Anne L. King, Matthew J. Beckman. (2008) High Prevalence of Vitamin D Deficiency in African American Kidney Transplant Recipients. Transplantation 85:5, 767-770
CrossRef166
Masayuki Kawahara, Yasumasa Iwasaki, Kazushige Sakaguchi, Takafumi Taguchi, Mitsuru Nishiyama, Takeshi Nigawara, Makoto Tsugita, Machiko Kambayashi, Toshihoro Suda, Kozo Hashimoto. (2008) Predominant role of 25OHD in the negative regulation of PTH expression: Clinical relevance for hypovitaminosis D. Life Sciences 82:13-14, 677-683
CrossRef167
Ann E. Warner, Sarah A. Arnspiger. (2008) Diffuse Musculoskeletal Pain Is Not Associated With Low Vitamin D Levels or Improved by Treatment With Vitamin D. JCR: Journal of Clinical Rheumatology 14:1, 12-16
CrossRef168
AMITHA THUDI, SU YIN, AMY E. WANDSTRAT, QUAN-ZHEN LI, NANCY J. OLSEN. (2008) Vitamin D Levels and Disease Status in Texas Patients With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. The American Journal of the Medical Sciences 335:2, 99-104
CrossRef169
G. Guardia, N. Parikh, T. Eskridge, E. Phillips, G. Divine, D. Sudhaker Rao. (2008) Prevalence of vitamin D depletion among subjects seeking advice on osteoporosis: a five-year cross-sectional study with public health implications. Osteoporosis International 19:1, 13-19
CrossRef170
Katerina Linhartová, Josef Veselka, Gabriela Sterbáková, Jaroslav Racek, Ondrej Topolcan, Roman Cerbák. (2008) Parathyroid Hormone and Vitamin D Levels are Independently Associated With Calcific Aortic Stenosis. Circulation Journal 72:2, 245-250
CrossRef171
Yuka Kinoshita, Kazuhiro Masuoka, Shigesaburo Miyakoshi, Shuichi Taniguchi, Yasuhiro Takeuchi. (2008) Vitamin D insufficiency underlies unexpected hypocalcemia following high dose glucocorticoid therapy. Bone 42:1, 226-228
CrossRef172
JJ Cannell, BW Hollis, M Zasloff, RP Heaney. (2008) Diagnosis and treatment of vitamin D deficiency. Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy 9:1, 107-118
CrossRef173
K. Moradzadeh, B. Larijani, A.A. Keshtkar, A. Hossein-Nezhad, R. Rajabian, I. Nabipour, G.H. Omrani, A. Bahrami, M.M. Gooya, A. Delavari. (2008) Normative Values of Vitamin D Among Iranian Population: A Population Based Study. International Journal of Osteoporosis and Metabolic Disorders 1:1, 8-15
CrossRef174
Nicole L. Moore, Gary M. Kiebzak. (2007) Suboptimal vitamin D status is a highly prevalent but treatable condition in both hospitalized patients and the general population. Journal of the American Academy of Nurse Practitioners 19:12, 642-651
CrossRef175
Connie M Weaver. (2007) Vitamin D, Calcium Homeostasis, and Skeleton Accretion in Children. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research 22:S2, V45-V49
CrossRef176
Robert P Heaney. (2007) Vitamin D Endocrine Physiology. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research 22:S2, V25-V27
CrossRef177
(2007) Vitamin D Deficiency. New England Journal of Medicine 357:19, 1980-1982
Full Text178
Todd D. Beyer, Emery L. Chen, Naris Nilubol, Richard A. Prinz, Carmen C. Solorzano. (2007) Short-Term Outcomes of Parathyroidectomy in Patients With or Without 25-Hydroxy Vitamin D Insufficiency. Journal of Surgical Research 143:1, 145-150
CrossRef179
P. J. Ryan. (2007) Vitamin D therapy in clinical practice. One dose does not fit all. International Journal of Clinical Practice 61:11, 1894-1899
CrossRef180
F. Jakob. (2007) Metabolische Knochenerkrankungen. Der Internist 48:10, 1101-1118
CrossRef181
Seppo Taskinen, Riitta Fagerholm, Outi Mäkitie. (2007) Skeletal health after intestinal bladder augmentation: findings in 54 patients. BJU International 100:4, 906-910
CrossRef182
M Wolf, A Shah, O Gutierrez, E Ankers, M Monroy, H Tamez, D Steele, Y Chang, C A Camargo, M Tonelli, R Thadhani. (2007) Vitamin D levels and early mortality among incident hemodialysis patients. Kidney International 72:8, 1004-1013
CrossRef183
Jian Sheng Chen, Philip N. Sambrook, Lyn March, Ian D. Cameron, Robert G. Cumming, Judy M. Simpson, Markus J. Seibel. (2007) Hypovitaminosis
D and parathyroid hormone response in the elderly: effects on bone turnover and mortality. Clinical Endocrinology 0:0, 070920204557001-???
CrossRef184
Geneviève Mailhot, Jean-Luc Petit, Natalie Dion, Claire Deschênes, Louis-Georges Ste-Marie, Marielle Gascon-Barré. (2007) Endocrine and bone consequences of cyclic nutritional changes in the calcium, phosphate and vitamin D status in the rat:. Bone 41:3, 422-436
CrossRef185
Stephen L. Kates, Olivia S. Kates, Daniel A. Mendelson. (2007) Advances in the medical management of osteoporosis. Injury 38:3, 17-23
CrossRef186
Giovanni Targher, Lorenzo Bertolini, Luca Scala, Massimo Cigolini, Luciano Zenari, Giancarlo Falezza, Guido Arcaro. (2007) Associations between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 concentrations and liver histology in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases 17:7, 517-524
CrossRef187
Kenneth W. Lyles. (2007) Bisphosphonates in Paget’s Disease of Bone. Clinical Reviews in Bone and Mineral Metabolism 5:3, 165-171
CrossRef188
Melanie D Palm, Marianne N O'Donoghue. (2007) Update on photoprotection. Dermatologic Therapy 20:5, 360-376
CrossRef189
Holick, Michael F., . (2007) Vitamin D Deficiency. New England Journal of Medicine 357:3, 266-281
Full Text190
Carlos A. Camargo, Sunday Clark, Michael S. Kaplan, Philip Lieberman, Robert A. Wood. (2007) Regional differences in EpiPen prescriptions in the United States: The potential role of vitamin D. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 120:1, 131-136
CrossRef191
Ziyad Al-Aly, Rizwan A. Qazi, Esther A. González, Angelique Zeringue, Kevin J. Martin. (2007) Changes in Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D and Plasma Intact PTH Levels Following Treatment With Ergocalciferol in Patients With CKD. American Journal of Kidney Diseases 50:1, 59-68
CrossRef192
S. M. Chatfield, C. Brand, P. R. Ebeling, D. M. Russell. (2007) Vitamin D deficiency in general medical inpatients in summer and winter. Internal Medicine Journal 37:6, 377-382
CrossRef193
Todd D. Beyer, Carmen C. Solorzano, Richard A. Prinz, Ambika Babu, Naris Nilubol, Subhash Patel. (2007) Oral vitamin D supplementation reduces the incidence of eucalcemic PTH elevation after surgery for primary hyperparathyroidism. Surgery 141:6, 777-783
CrossRef194
Gary M. Kiebzak, Nicole L. Moore, Shana Margolis, Bruce Hollis, C George Kevorkian. (2007) Vitamin D Status of Patients Admitted to a Hospital Rehabilitation Unit. American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation 86:6, 435-445
CrossRef195
Angela Mazza. 2007. Nutrition and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in the Geriatric Patient. , 433-440.
CrossRef196
Antonella Barone, Andrea Giusti, Giulio Pioli, Giuseppe Girasole, Monica Razzano, Monica Pizzonia, Ernesto Palummeri, Gerolamo Bianchi. (2007) Secondary Hyperparathyroidism Due to Hypovitaminosis D Affects Bone Mineral Density Response to Alendronate in Elderly Women with Osteoporosis: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 55:5, 752-757
CrossRef197
Gilberto Gonz??lez, Jos?? N. Alvarado, Auristela Rojas, Carlos Navarrete, Carmen G. Vel??squez, Eugenio Arteaga. (2007) High prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in Chilean healthy postmenopausal women with normal sun exposure. Menopause 14:3, 455-461
CrossRef198
Joel D Hernandez, Katherine Wesseling, M Ines Boechat, Barbara Gales, Isidro B Salusky. (2007) Osteomalacia in a hemodialysis patient receiving an active vitamin D sterol. Nature Clinical Practice Nephrology 3:4, 227-232
CrossRef199
Vin Tangpricha. (2007) Vitamin D Deficiency in the Southern United States. Southern Medical Journal 100:4, 384-385
CrossRef200
Harold L. Newmark, Jonathan Newmark. (2007) Vitamin D and Parkinson's disease—A hypothesis. Movement Disorders 22:4, 461-468
CrossRef201
Robert P. Heaney. (2007) The case for improving vitamin D status. The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 103:3-5, 635-641
CrossRef202
C B Dias, L M dos Reis, V F Caparbo, F G Graciolli, R M A Moysés, R T Barros, V Jorgetti, V Woronik. (2007) Decreased in vitro osteoblast proliferation and low turnover bone disease in nonuremic proteinuric patients. Kidney International 71:6, 562-568
CrossRef203
A. Corino, P. D’Amelio, R. Gancia, P. Rizzo, S. Gabasio, P. Limone, G. Isaia. (2007) Hypovitaminosis D in Internal Medicine Inpatients. Calcified Tissue International 80:2, 76-80
CrossRef204
Diane L Schneider. (2007) Vitamin D and skeletal health. Current Opinion in Internal Medicine 6:1, 38-45
CrossRef205
Ugis Gruntmanis. (2007) Male Osteoporosis: Deadly, but Ignored. The American Journal of the Medical Sciences 333:2, 85-92
CrossRef206
T Piirainen, K Laitinen, E Isolauri. (2007) Impact of national fortification of fluid milks and margarines with vitamin D on dietary intake and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration in 4-year-old children. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 61:1, 123-128
CrossRef207
Kyoji IKEDA. (2007) Vitamin D, Osteoclastogenesis and Bone Resorption: from Mechanistic Insight to the Development of New Analogs. Endocrine Journal 54:1, 1-6
CrossRef208
Sharon M. Moe, Tilman Drüeke, Norbert Lameire, Garabed Eknoyan. (2007) Chronic Kidney Disease–Mineral-Bone Disorder: A New Paradigm. Advances in Chronic Kidney Disease 14:1, 3-12
CrossRef209
Magritt Brustad, Kåre Edvardsen, Tom Wilsgaard, Ola Engelsen, Lage Aksnes, Eiliv Lund. (2007) Seasonality of UV-radiation and vitamin D status at 69 degrees north. Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences 6:8, 903
CrossRef210
Surender K Arora, Chard Bubb, Jocelyne Karam, Samy I McFarlane. (2007) Expanding use of anti-epileptic therapy: implications on bone disease. Therapy 4:1, 79-89
CrossRef211
W.Z.M. Wat, J.Y.Y. Leung, S. Tam, A.W.C. Kung. (2007) Prevalence and Impact of Vitamin D Insufficiency in Southern Chinese Adults. Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism 51:1, 59-64
CrossRef212
K?re Edvardsen, Magritt Brustad, Ola Engelsen, Lage Aksnes. (2007) The solar UV radiation level needed for cutaneous production of vitamin D3 in the face. A study conducted among subjects living at a high latitude (68? N). Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences 6:1, 57
CrossRef213
Junko Okuno, Shigeo Tomura, Hisako Yanagi. (2007) Correlation between vitamin D and functional capacity, physical function among Japanese frail elderly living in the community. Nippon Ronen Igakkai Zasshi. Japanese Journal of Geriatrics 44:5, 634-640
CrossRef214
JASON DEVILLE, MICAH L THORP, LOIS TOBIN, EEVA GRAY, ERIC S JOHNSON, DAVID H SMITH. (2006) Effect of ergocalciferol supplementation on serum parathyroid hormone and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D in chronic kidney disease. Nephrology 11:6, 555-559
CrossRef215
Helen M. Pappa, Richard J. Grand, Catherine M. Gordon. (2006) Report on the Vitamin D Status of Adult and Pediatric Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease and its Significance for Bone Health and Disease. Inflammatory Bowel Diseases 12:12, 1162-1174
CrossRef216
Jean E Mulder, Nikheel S Kolatkar, Meryl S LeBoff. (2006) Drug Insight: existing and emerging therapies for osteoporosis. Nature Clinical Practice Endocrinology & Metabolism 2:12, 670-680
CrossRef217
Consuelo H. Wilkins, Yvette I. Sheline, Catherine M. Roe, Stanley J. Birge, John C. Morris. (2006) Vitamin D Deficiency Is Associated With Low Mood and Worse Cognitive Performance in Older Adults. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 14:12, 1032-1040
CrossRef218
V-V Välimäki, E Löyttyniemi, M J Välimäki. (2006) Vitamin D fortification of milk products does not resolve hypovitaminosis D in young Finnish men. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition
CrossRef219
Giovanni Targher, Lorenzo Bertolini, Roberto Padovani, Luciano Zenari, Luca Scala, Massimo Cigolini, Guido Arcaro. (2006) Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 concentrations and carotid artery intima-media thickness among type 2 diabetic patients. Clinical Endocrinology 65:5, 593-597
CrossRef220
M VAQUEIRO. (2006) Valoración del umbral óptimo de vitamina D en la población mayor de 64 años
. Medicina Clínica 127:17, 648-650
CrossRef221
Michele Gottschlich. 2006. Fat-Soluble Vitamins and Wound Healing. , 149-171.
CrossRef222
N. Saquib, D. Mühlen, C. F. Garland, E. Barrett-Connor. (2006) Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D, parathyroid hormone, and bone mineral density in men: the Rancho Bernardo study. Osteoporosis International 17:12, 1734-1741
CrossRef223
Nelson Kopyt. 2006. Chronic Kidney Disease. , 463-500.
CrossRef224
Dominik R Berthold, Malcolm J Moore. (2006) Novel targets in prostate cancer. Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets 10:5, 777-780
CrossRef225
K. A. Faulkner, J. A. Cauley, J. M. Zmuda, D. P. Landsittel, A. B. Newman, S. A. Studenski, M. S. Redfern, K. E. Ensrud, H. A. Fink, N. E. Lane, M. C. Nevitt. (2006) Higher 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 concentrations associated with lower fall rates in older community-dwelling women. Osteoporosis International 17:9, 1318-1328
CrossRef226
Armin Zittermann. (2006) Vitamin D and disease prevention with special reference to cardiovascular disease. Progress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology 92:1, 39-48
CrossRef227
Abdullah Bereket. (2006) Nutritional rickets: nature or nurture?. Expert Review of Endocrinology & Metabolism 1:5, 661-671
CrossRef228
Kazutoshi Nakamura, Mitsue Nashimoto, Yasuo Tsuchiya, Toshiko Saito, Tomoko Nishiwaki, Kimiko Ueno, Yoko Okuda, Rieko Oshiki, Masaharu Yamamoto. (2006) Threshold value of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration in relation to elevated serum parathyroid hormone concentrations in elderly Japanese women. Journal of Bone and Mineral Metabolism 24:5, 395-400
CrossRef229
E DeLappe, C McGreevy, N ni Chadhain, H Grimes, T O'Brien, E Mulkerrin. (2006) Vitamin D insufficiency in older female community-dwelling acute hospital admissions and the response to supplementation. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 60:8, 1009-1015
CrossRef230
Cathleen S. Colón-Emeric, Kenneth G. Saag. (2006) Osteoporotic fractures in older adults. Best Practice & Research Clinical Rheumatology 20:4, 695-706
CrossRef231
M. Högström, A. Nordström, P. Nordström. (2006) Relationship between Vitamin D Metabolites and Bone Mineral Density in Young Males: A Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Study. Calcified Tissue International 79:2, 95-101
CrossRef232
Sherri-Ann M Burnett, Samantha C Gunawardene, F Richard Bringhurst, Harald Jüppner, Hang Lee, Joel S Finkelstein. (2006) Regulation of C-Terminal and Intact FGF-23 by Dietary Phosphate in Men and Women. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research 21:8, 1187-1196
CrossRef233
Suzanne V. Frankfort, Linda R. Tulner, Jos. P. C. M. van Campen, Cornelis H. W. Koks, Jos H. Beijnen. (2006) The effect of admission to a geriatric ward on medication use: 2002 versus 1985. Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety 15:8, 602-606
CrossRef234
KHAJOHN TIRANATHANAGUL, JAMES BRODIE, H DAVID HUMES. (2006) Bioartificial kidney in the treatment of acute renal failure associated with sepsis (Review Article). Nephrology 11:4, 285-291
CrossRef235
Asma Arabi, Rafic Baddoura, Hassane Awada, Mariana Salamoun, Ghazi Ayoub, Ghada El-Hajj Fuleihan. (2006) Hypovitaminosis D osteopathy: Is it mediated through PTH, lean mass, or is it a direct effect?. Bone 39:2, 268-275
CrossRef236
Thomas W. Flaig, Albaha Barqawi, Gary Miller, Madeleine Kane, Chan Zeng, E. David Crawford, L. Michael Glodé. (2006) A phase II trial of dexamethasone, vitamin D, and carboplatin in patients with hormone-refractory prostate cancer. Cancer 107:2, 266-274
CrossRef237
Leonid M. Shinchuk, Leslie Morse, Nadia Huancahuari, Seth Arum, Tai C. Chen, Michael F. Holick. (2006) Vitamin D Deficiency and Osteoporosis in Rehabilitation Inpatients. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 87:7, 904-908
CrossRef238
Hulya Taskapan, Mingxin Wei, Dimitrios G. Oreopoulos. (2006) 25(OH) Vitamin D3 in patients with chronic kidney disease and those on dialysis: rediscovering its importance. International Urology and Nephrology 38:2, 323-329
CrossRef239
Allan G. Need. (2006) Bone resorption markers in vitamin D insufficiency. Clinica Chimica Acta 368:1-2, 48-52
CrossRef240
Heli T Viljakainen, Anna-Mari Natri, Merja Kärkkäinen, Minna M Huttunen, Anette Palssa, Jette Jakobsen, Kevin D Cashman, Christian Mølgaard, Christel Lamberg-Allardt. (2006) A Positive Dose-Response Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation on Site-Specific Bone Mineral Augmentation in Adolescent Girls: A Double-Blinded Randomized Placebo-Controlled 1-Year Intervention. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research 21:6, 836-844
CrossRef241
S. BOONEN, D. VANDERSCHUEREN, P. HAENTJENS, P. LIPS. (2006) Calcium and vitamin D in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis - a clinical update. Journal of Internal Medicine 259:6, 539-552
CrossRef242
A. Moayyeri, S. Ahmadi-Abhari, A. Hossein-nezhad, B. Larijani, A. Soltani. (2006) Bone mineral density and estimated height loss based on patients’ recalls. Osteoporosis International 17:6, 834-840
CrossRef243
Jean-Claude Souberbielle, Gérard Friedlander, André Kahan, Catherine Cormier. (2006) Evaluating vitamin D status. Implications for preventing and managing osteoporosis and other chronic diseases. Joint Bone Spine 73:3, 249-253
CrossRef244
S. Boonen, H. A. Bischoff-Ferrari, C. Cooper, P. Lips, O. Ljunggren, P. J. Meunier, J.-Y. Reginster. (2006) Addressing the Musculoskeletal Components of Fracture Risk with Calcium and Vitamin D: A Review of the Evidence. Calcified Tissue International 78:5, 257-270
CrossRef245
Michel Vierboom, C. Johnsson, Bert 't Hart, Margreet Jonker. (2006) Monotherapy with the vitamin D3 analogue MC1288 does not result in prolonged kidney allograft survival in rhesus monkeys. Transplant International 19:5, 396-403
CrossRef246
Carolyn Becker, Scott Crow, Jared Toman, Carter Lipton, Don J. McMahon, William Macaulay, Ethel Siris. (2006) Characteristics of elderly patients admitted to an urban tertiary care hospital with osteoporotic fractures: correlations with risk factors, fracture type, gender and ethnicity. Osteoporosis International 17:3, 410-416
CrossRef247
Armin Zittermann, Stefanie S. Schleithoff, Reiner Koerfer. (2006) Vitamin D insufficiency in congestive heart failure: Why and what to do about it?. Heart Failure Reviews 11:1, 25-33
CrossRef248
Paul J. Drinka. (2006) The Importance of Parathyroid Hormone and Vitamin D Status in the Treatment of Osteoporosis and Renal Insufficiency. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association 7:3, S5-S9
CrossRef249
S. Bakhtiyarova, O. Lesnyak, N. Kyznesova, M. A. Blankenstein, P. Lips. (2006) Vitamin D status among patients with hip fracture and elderly control subjects in Yekaterinburg, Russia. Osteoporosis International 17:3, 441-446
CrossRef250
Regina Ebert, Norbert Schütze, Jerzy Adamski, Franz Jakob. (2006) Vitamin D signaling is modulated on multiple levels in health and disease. Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology 248:1-2, 149-159
CrossRef251
M. F. Holick. (2006) High Prevalence of Vitamin D Inadequacy and Implications for Health. Mayo Clinic Proceedings 81:3, 353-373
CrossRef252
Mervi Taskinen, Kristiina Kananen, Matti Välimäki, Eliisa Löyttyniemi, Liisa Hovi, Ulla Saarinen-Pihkala, Marita Lipsanen-Nyman. (2006) Risk factors for reduced areal bone mineral density in young adults with stem cell transplantation in childhood. Pediatric Transplantation 10:1, 90-97
CrossRef253
M G Guren, L B Tobiassen, K U Trygg, C A Drevon, S Dueland. (2006) Dietary intake and nutritional indicators are transiently compromised during radiotherapy for rectal cancer. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 60:1, 113-119
CrossRef254
Atsushi SUZUKI, Motoko KOTAKE, Yasunaga ONO, Taiya KATO, Naohisa ODA, Nobuki HAYAKAWA, Shuji HASHIMOTO, Mitsuyasu ITOH. (2006) Hypovitaminosis D in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Association with Microvascular Complications and Type of Treatment. Endocrine Journal 53:4, 503-510
CrossRef255
Takuo Kubota, Tomoo Kotani, Yoko Miyoshi, Yoko Santo, Haruhiko Hirai, Noriyuki Namba, Masaaki Shima, Kazuo Shimizu, Shigeo Nakajima, Keiichi Ozono. (2006) A Spectrum of Clinical Presentations in Seven Japanese Patients with Vitamin D Deficiency. Clinical Pediatric Endocrinology 15:1, 23-28
CrossRef256
Frances A. Tylavsky. (2006) Seasonal variation in calcitropic hormones and bone accrual in puberty. British Journal of Nutrition 96:01, 4
CrossRef257
Arthur R. Rhodes. (2006) Cutaneous melanoma and intervention strategies to reduce tumor-related mortality: what we know, what we don't know, and what we think we know that isn't so. Dermatologic Therapy 19:1, 50-69
CrossRef258
Jan M. Bruder, Jennie Z. Ma, Joseph W. Basler, Michelle D. Welch. (2006) Prevalence of osteopenia and osteoporosis by central and peripheral bone mineral density in men with prostate cancer during androgen-deprivation therapy. Urology 67:1, 152-155
CrossRef259
Kazutoshi Nakamura. (2005) Vitamin D insufficiency in Japanese populations: from the viewpoint of the prevention of osteoporosis. Journal of Bone and Mineral Metabolism 24:1, 1-6
CrossRef260
Heike A. Bischoff-Ferrari, Yuqing Zhang, Douglas P. Kiel, David T. Felson. (2005) Positive association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level and bone density in osteoarthritis. Arthritis & Rheumatism 53:6, 821-826
CrossRef261
P. Gerdhem, A. Isaksson, K. Åkesson, Karl J. Obrant. (2005) Increased bone density and decreased bone turnover, but no evident alteration of fracture susceptibility in elderly women with diabetes mellitus. Osteoporosis International 16:12, 1506-1512
CrossRef262
M. Teresa del Campo, Pilar Aguado, M. Eugenia Martínez. (2005) Vitamina D y salud ósea: ¿es necesario revisar la administración de sus suplementos en poblaciones de riesgo de osteoporosis?. Medicina Clínica 125:20, 788-793
CrossRef263
Ilona Nurmi, Juha-Pekka Kaukonen, Peter Lüthje, Helena Naboulsi, Salla Tanninen, Matti Kataja, Maija-Leena Kallio, Marjatta Leppilampi. (2005) Half of the patients with an acute hip fracture suffer from hypovitaminosis D: a prospective study in southeastern Finland. Osteoporosis International 16:12, 2018-2024
CrossRef264
Ariella Kelman, Nancy E. Lane. (2005) The management of secondary osteoporosis. Best Practice & Research Clinical Rheumatology 19:6, 1021-1037
CrossRef265
Margaret Seton, Vicki Jackson, Karen E. Lasser, Samuel Doppelt, Marsha Pierre-Jacques, Maureen Connelly. (2005) Low 25-Hydroxyvitamin D and Osteopenia Are Prevalent in Persons ≥55 Yr With Fracture at Any Site. Journal of Clinical Densitometry 8:4, 454-460
CrossRef266
Jane Zochling, Jian Sheng Chen, Markus Seibel, Jennifer Schwarz, Ian D. Cameron, Robert G. Cumming, Lyn March, Philip N. Sambrook. (2005) Calcium metabolism in the frail elderly. Clinical Rheumatology 24:6, 576-582
CrossRef267
Ronald C. Hamdy, Charles H. Chesnut, Margery L. Gass, Michael F. Holick, Edward S. Leib, Michael E. Lewiecki, Michael Maricic, Nelson B. Watts. (2005) Review of Treatment Modalities for Postmenopausal Osteoporosis. Southern Medical Journal 98:10, 1000-1014
CrossRef268
Robert P. Heaney. (2005) The Vitamin D requirement in health and disease. The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 97:1-2, 13-19
CrossRef269
Roland Staud. (2005) Vitamin D: More than just affecting calcium and bone. Current Rheumatology Reports 7:5, 356-364
CrossRef270
Ville-Valtteri Välimäki, Henrik Alfthan, Eero Lehmuskallio, Eliisa Löyttyniemi, Timo Sahi, Harri Suominen, Matti J. Välimäki. (2005) Risk factors for clinical stress fractures in male military recruits: A prospective cohort study. Bone 37:2, 267-273
CrossRef271
T. S. Dharmarajan, M. Akula, S. Kuppachi, Edward P. Norkus. (2005) Vitamin D Deficiency in Community Older Adults with Falls of Gait Imbalance. Journal of Nutrition For the Elderly 25:1, 7-19
CrossRef272
Myles Wolf, Ravi Thadhani. (2005) VITAMIN D IN HEALTH AND DISEASE: Beyond Minerals and Parathyroid Hormone: Role of Active Vitamin D in End-Stage Renal Disease. Seminars in Dialysis 18:4, 302-306
CrossRef273
Michael F. Holick. (2005) VITAMIN D IN HEALTH AND DISEASE: Vitamin D for Health and in Chronic Kidney Disease. Seminars in Dialysis 18:4, 266-275
CrossRef274
Bess Dawson-Hughes, Robert P. Heaney, Michael F. Holick, Paul Lips, Pierre J. Meunier, Reinhold Vieth. (2005) Estimates of optimal vitamin D status. Osteoporosis International 16:7, 713-716
CrossRef275
S. L. Greenspan, N. M. Resnick, R. A. Parker. (2005) Vitamin D Supplementation in Older Women. The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences 60:6, 754-759
CrossRef276
Robert E. LaClair, Richard N. Hellman, Sharon L. Karp, Michael Kraus, Susan Ofner, Qian Li, Karen L. Graves, Sharon M. Moe. (2005) Prevalence of Calcidiol Deficiency in CKD: A Cross-Sectional Study Across Latitudes in the United States. American Journal of Kidney Diseases 45:6, 1026-1033
CrossRef277
Steven G. Achinger, Juan Carlos Ayus. (2005) The role of vitamin D in left ventricular hypertrophy and cardiac function. Kidney International 67:s95, s37-s42
CrossRef278
Alexis M. Willett. (2005) Vitamin D status and its relationship with parathyroid hormone and bone mineral status in older adolescents. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 64:02, 193-203
CrossRef279
Joellen Welsh. 2005. Vitamin D-Regulated Pathways. .
CrossRef280
Myrtle Thierry-Palmer, Stacy Cephas, Phouyong Sayavongsa, Akins Doherty, Sara B. Arnaud. (2005) Dahl salt-sensitive rats develop hypovitaminosis D and hyperparathyroidism when fed a standard diet. Bone 36:4, 645-653
CrossRef281
Khajohn Tiranathanagul, Somchai Eiam-Ong, H. David Humes. (2005) The Future of Renal Support: High-Flux Dialysis to Bioartificial Kidneys. Critical Care Clinics 21:2, 379-394
CrossRef282
Astrid Fahrleitner-Pammer, Andrea Obernosterer, Ernst Pilger, Harald Dobnig, Hans Peter Dimai, Georg Leb, Stefan Kudlacek, Barbara M. Obermayer-Pietsch. (2005) Hypovitaminosis D, impaired bone turnover and low bone mass are common in patients with peripheral arterial disease. Osteoporosis International 16:3, 319-324
CrossRef283
E. M. Haney, D. Stadler, M. M. Bliziotes. (2005) Vitamin D Insufficiency in Internal Medicine Residents. Calcified Tissue International 76:1, 11-16
CrossRef284
M.T. del Campo Balsa. (2005) Deficiencia de vitamina D y su relación con la fractura de cadera del anciano y la densidad mineral ósea de la mujer posmenopáusica. Revista Española de Enfermedades Metabólicas Óseas 14:1, 18-19
CrossRef285
J.J.B. Anderson. 2005. VITAMIN D | Rickets and Osteomalacia. , 378-382.
CrossRef286
Marianne Berwick, Denece Kesler. (2005) Ultraviolet Radiation Exposure, Vitamin D, and Cancer. Photochemistry and Photobiology 81:6, 1261
CrossRef287
K Martin Wissing, Nilufer Broeders, Rodrigo Moreno-Reyes, Christine Gervy, Bernard Stallenberg, Daniel Abramowicz. (2005) A Controlled Study of Vitamin D3 to Prevent Bone Loss in Renal-Transplant Patients Receiving Low Doses of Steroids. Transplantation 79:1, 108-115
CrossRef288
James C. Fleet, Jie Hong, Zhentao Zhang. (2004) Reshaping the way we view vitamin D signalling and the role of vitamin D in health. Nutrition Research Reviews 17:02, 241
CrossRef289
Paul J. Drinka. (2004) The Importance of Parathyroid Hormone and Vitamin D Status in the Treatment of Osteoporosis and Renal Insufficiency. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association 5:6, 382-386
CrossRef290
Pedro Mezquita-Raya, Manuel Mu
CrossRef291
Nina G. Jablonski. (2004) THE EVOLUTION OF HUMAN SKIN AND SKIN COLOR. Annual Review of Anthropology 33:1, 585-623
CrossRef292
J.M. Cabezas Agrícola. (2004) Hipocalcemia. Medicine - Programa de Formación Médica Continuada Acreditado 9:17, 1045-1054
CrossRef293
M Brustad, T Sandanger, L Aksnes, E Lund. (2004) Vitamin D status in a rural population of northern Norway with high fish liver consumption. Public Health Nutrition 7:06,
CrossRef294
H. Stefan Bracha, Tyler C. Ralston, Jennifer M. Matsukawa, Andrew E. Williams, David M. Bernstein. (2004) Diminished Stress Resilience in Institutionalized Elderly Patients. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 12:5, 544-545
CrossRef295
(2004) Hypovitaminosis D-induced Pain. Nutrition Reviews 62:9, 354-359
CrossRef296
A. P. S. Narang, S. Batra, S. Sabharwal, S. C. Ahuja. (2004) 1, 25-Dihydroxycholecalciferol (1,25-(OH)2 D3) levels in osteoporosis. Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry 19:2, 111-113
CrossRef297
Catherine M Gordon, Laura K Bachrach, Thomas O Carpenter, Gerard Karsenty, Frank Rauch. (2004) Bone health in children and adolescents. Current Problems in Pediatric and Adolescent Health Care 34:6, 226-242
CrossRef298
Michele M. Gottschlich, Theresa Mayes, Jane Khoury, Glenn D. Warden. (2004) Hypovitaminosis D in acutely injured pediatric burn patients. Journal of the American Dietetic Association 104:6, 931-941
CrossRef299
(2004) Position of the American Dietetic Association and Dietitians of Canada: Nutrition and Women’s Health. Journal of the American Dietetic Association 104:6, 984-1001
CrossRef300
G.D. MacFarlane, J.L. Sackrison, J.J. Body, D.L. Ersfeld, J.S. Fenske, A.B. Miller. (2004) Hypovitaminosis D in a normal, apparently healthy urban European population. The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 89-90, 621-622
CrossRef301
Ranuccio Nuti, Giuseppe Martini, Roberto Valenti, Dario Gambera, Luigi Gennari, Stefania Salvadori, Annalisa Avanzati. (2004) Vitamin D Status and Bone Turnover in Women with Acute Hip Fracture. Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research 422, 208-213
CrossRef302
Paul Lips. (2004) Which circulating level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D is appropriate?. The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 89-90, 611-614
CrossRef303
M Brustad, E Alsaker, O Engelsen, L Aksnes, E Lund. (2004) Vitamin D status of middle-aged women at 65–71°N in relation to dietary intake and exposure to ultraviolet radiation. Public Health Nutrition 7:02,
CrossRef304
H.David Humes, Mark S. Szczypka. (2004) Advances in cell therapy for renal failure. Transplant Immunology 12:3-4, 219-227
CrossRef305
Laurie Hickey, Catherine M Gordon. (2004) Vitamin D deficiency: new perspectives on an old disease. Current Opinion in Endocrinology & Diabetes 11:1, 18-25
CrossRef306
Esther A. González, Ashutosh Sachdeva, Dana A. Oliver, Kevin J. Martin. (2004) Vitamin D Insufficiency and Deficiency in Chronic Kidney Disease. American Journal of Nephrology 24:5, 503-510
CrossRef307
Katsuhiko Yonemura, Hirotaka Fukasawa, Yoshihide Fujigaki, Akira Hishida. (2004) Protective effect of vitamins K2 and D3 on prednisolone-induced loss of bone mineral density in the lumbar spine. American Journal of Kidney Diseases 43:1, 53-60
CrossRef308
L. Ovesen. 2004. Vitamin D fortification and bone health. , 139-173.
CrossRef309
D. Sudhaker Rao, Suhad Alqurashi. (2003) Management of vitamin D depletion in postmenopausal women. Current Osteoporosis Reports 1:3, 110-115
CrossRef310
G. A. Plotnikoff, J. M. Quigley. (2003) Prevalence of Severe Hypovitaminosis D in Patients With Persistent, Nonspecific Musculoskeletal Pain. Mayo Clinic Proceedings 78:12, 1463-1470
CrossRef311
P. K. K. Wong, D. G. Spencer, P. McElduff, N. Manolios, G. Larcos, G. B. Howe. (2003) Secondary screening for osteoporosis in patients admitted with minimal-trauma fracture to a major teaching hospital. Internal Medicine Journal 33:11, 505-510
CrossRef312
Jack W. Coburn. (2003) An update on vitamin D as related to nephrology practice: 2003. Kidney International 64:s87, 125-130
CrossRef313
Lois D. McBean, Judith K. Jarvis. (2003) Improving Age-Segmented Dietary Guidance. Nutrition Today 38:6, 218-224
CrossRef314
Lars Ovesen, Rikke Andersen, Jette Jakobsen. (2003) Geographical differences in vitamin D status, with particular reference to European countries. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 62:04, 813-821
CrossRef315
Garabed Eknoyan, Adeera Levin, Nathan W Levin. (2003) Bone metabolism and disease in chronic kidney disease. American Journal of Kidney Diseases 42, 1-201
CrossRef316
Mark A Moyad. (2003) The potential benefits of dietary and/or supplemental calcium and vitamin D. Urologic Oncology: Seminars and Original Investigations 21:5, 384-391
CrossRef317
Franck Grados, Michel Brazier, Saïd Kamel, Sigolène Duver, Nathalie Heurtebize, Mohamed Maamer, Marc Mathieu, Michèle Garabédian, Jean-Luc Sebert, Patrice Fardellone. (2003) Effects on bone mineral density of calcium and vitamin D supplementation in elderly women with vitamin D deficiency. Joint Bone Spine 70:3, 203-208
CrossRef318
Pawel Szulc, Pierre Jean Meunier. (2003) Synergistic effect of vitamin D and calcium in preventing proximal femoral fractures in older patients. Joint Bone Spine 70:3, 157-160
CrossRef319
Mary E. Elliott, Neil C. Binkley, Molly Carnes, David R. Zimmerman, Kim Petersen, Kathy Knapp, Jessica M. Behlke, Nancy Ahmann, Mara A. Kieser. (2003) Fracture Risks for Women in Long-Term Care: High Prevalence of Calcaneal Osteoporosis and Hypovitaminosis D. Pharmacotherapy 23:6, 702-710
CrossRef320
Carlos Gomez-Alonso, Manuel L. Naves-Diaz, Jose L. Fernandez-Martin, Jose B. Diaz-Lopez, Maria T. Fernandez-Coto, Jorge B. Cannata-Andia. (2003) Vitamin D status and secondary hyperparathyroidism: The importance of 25-hydroxyvitamin D cut-off levels. Kidney International 63:s85, 44-48
CrossRef321
W B Grant, R C Strange, C F Garland. (2003) Sunshine is good medicine. The health benefits of ultraviolet-B induced vitamin D production. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology 2:2, 86-98
CrossRef322
Robert P Heaney, Connie M Weaver. (2003) Calcium and vitamin D. Endocrinology & Metabolism Clinics of North America 32:1, 181-194
CrossRef323
Mark A. Moyad. (2003) The use of complementary/preventive medicine to prevent prostate cancer recurrence/progression following definitive therapy. Part II - rapid review of dietary supplements. Current Opinion in Urology 13:2, 147-151
CrossRef324
J.J.B. Anderson, S.U. Toverud, S.C. Garner. 2003. RICKETS AND OSTEOMALACIA. , 5001-5006.
CrossRef325
Hiroshi TAKAMI, Yoshifumi IKEDA, Hiroko OKINAGA, Kaori KAMEYAMA. (2003) Recent Advances in the Management of Primary Hyperparathyroidism. Endocrine Journal 50:4, 369-377
CrossRef326
Rosario R. Trifiletti. 2003. Vitamin D. , 721-723.
CrossRef327
P. Upreti, V.V. Mistry, J.J. Warthesen. (2002) Estimation and Fortification of Vitamin D3 in Pasteurized Process Cheese. Journal of Dairy Science 85:12, 3173-3181
CrossRef328
D Jesudason, A.G Need, M Horowitz, P.D O’Loughlin, H.A Morris, B.E.C Nordin. (2002) Relationship between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and bone resorption markers in vitamin D insufficiency. Bone 31:5, 626-630
CrossRef329
Donna M. Peehl, Eugene Seto, Ju-Yu Hsu, David Feldman. (2002) Preclinical Activity of Ketoconazole in Combination With Calcitriol or the Vitamin D Analogue Eb 1089 in Prostate Cancer Cells. The Journal of Urology 168:4, 1583-1588
CrossRef330
DONNA M. PEEHL, EUGENE SETO, JU-YU HSU, DAVID FELDMAN. (2002) Preclinical Activity of Ketoconazole in Combination With Calcitriol or the Vitamin D Analogue Eb 1089 in Prostate Cancer Cells. The Journal of Urology1583-1588
CrossRef331
Astrid Fahrleitner, Harald Dobnig, Andrea Obernosterer, Ernst Pilger, Georg Leb, Kurt Weber, Stefan Kudlacek, Barbara M. Obermayer-Pietsch. (2002) Vitamin D Deficiency and Secondary Hyperparathyroidism Are Common Complications in Patients with Peripheral Arterial Disease. Journal of General Internal Medicine 17:9, 663-669
CrossRef332
Elizabeth Burgess, Mark S. Nanes. (2002) Osteoporosis in men: pathophysiology, evaluation, and therapy. Current Opinion in Rheumatology 14:4, 421-428
CrossRef333
A.C Looker, B Dawson-Hughes, M.S Calvo, E.W Gunter, N.R Sahyoun. (2002) Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D status of adolescents and adults in two seasonal subpopulations from NHANES III. Bone 30:5, 771-777
CrossRef334
H. David Humes, William H. Fissell, William F. Weitzel. (2002) The bioartificial kidney in the treatment of acute renal failure. Kidney International 61:s80, 121-125
CrossRef335
Mark A Moyad. (2002) Complementary therapies for reducing the risk of osteoporosis in patients receiving luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone treatment/orchiectomy for prostate cancer: a review and assessment of the need for more research. Urology 59:4, 34-40
CrossRef336
Willett, Walter C., Stampfer, Meir J., . (2001) What Vitamins Should I Be Taking, Doctor?. New England Journal of Medicine 345:25, 1819-1824
Full Text337
S. Johansson, H. Melhus. (2001) Vitamin A Antagonizes Calcium Response to Vitamin D in Man. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research 16:10, 1899-1905
CrossRef338
Jankees Ridder. (2001) Vitamine-D-deficiëntie, niet alleen bij migrantenvrouwen. Huisarts en Wetenschap 44:10, 295-298
CrossRef339
Annalisa Melin, Jan Wilske, Hans Ringertz, Maric Sääf. (2001) Seasonal Variations in Serum Levels of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D and Parathyroid Hormone but no Detectable Change in Femoral Neck Bone Density in an Older Population with Regular Outdoor Exposure. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 49:9, 1190-1196
CrossRef340
Pedro Mezquita-Raya, Manuel Muñoz-Torres, Juan De Dios Luna, Victoria Luna, Francisca Lopez-Rodriguez, Elena Torres-Vela, Fernando Escobar-Jiménez. (2001) Relation Between Vitamin D Insufficiency, Bone Density, and Bone Metabolism in Healthy Postmenopausal Women. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research 16:8, 1408-1415
CrossRef341
Donna M Peehl, Eugene Seto, David Feldman. (2001) Rationale for combination ketoconazole/ vitamin D treatment of prostate cancer. Urology 58:2, 123-126
CrossRef342
Christine Brot, Peter Vestergaard, Niels Kolthoff, Jeppe Gram, Anne P. Hermann, Ole H. Sørensen. (2001) Vitamin D status and its adequacy in healthy Danish perimenopausal women: relationships to dietary intake, sun exposure and serum parathyroid hormone. British Journal of Nutrition 86:S1, S97
CrossRef343
Matthew R. Smith, Francis J. McGovern, Mary Anne Fallon, David Schoenfeld, Philip W. Kantoff, Joel S. Finkelstein. (2001) Low bone mineral density in hormone-na
CrossRef344
M. S. Stein, L. Flicker, S. C. Scherer, L. M. Paton, M. L. O'Brien, S. C. Walton, P. Chick, M. Di Carlantonio, J. D. Zajac, J. D. Wark. (2001) Relationships with serum parathyroid hormone in old institutionalized subjects. Clinical Endocrinology 54:5, 583-592
CrossRef345
Julie R. Zivin, Theodore Gooley, Richard A. Zager, Michael J. Ryan. (2001) Hypocalcemia: A pervasive metabolic abnormality in the critically ill. American Journal of Kidney Diseases 37:4, 689-698
CrossRef346
(2001) Abstracts of Original Communications. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 60:4a, 81A-123A
CrossRef347
J. A. Eisman. (2001) Options for Osteoporosis Treatment in the Elderly. International Bone and Mineral Society Knowledge Environment 1:1, 2001040-0
CrossRef348
Yoshihiro Sato, Haruko Kuno, Masahide Kaji, Toshiomi Tsuru, Naoko Saruwatari, Kotaro Oizumi. (2001) Serum ??2-Microglobulin Reflects Increased Bone Resorption in Immobilized Stroke Patients. American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation 80:1, 19-24
CrossRef349
Yoshihiro Sato, Takeshi Asoh, Masahide Kaji, Kotaro Oizumi. (2000) Beneficial Effect of Intermittent Cyclical Etidronate Therapy in Hemiplegic Patients Following an Acute Stroke. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research 15:12, 2487-2494
CrossRef350
O Fain. (2000) Le retour des carences vitaminiques. La Revue de Médecine Interne 21:11, 941-942
CrossRef351
Muller, Becker, Kranzlin, Schachinger, Huber, Nylen, Snider, White, Schmidt-Gayk, Zimmerli, Ritz. (2000) Disordered calcium homeostasis of sepsis: association with calcitonin precursors. European Journal of Clinical Investigation 30:9, 823-831
CrossRef352
Marie-Hélène Gannagé-Yared, Rana Chemali, Najwa Yaacoub, Georges Halaby. (2000) Hypovitaminosis D in a Sunny Country: Relation to Lifestyle and Bone Markers. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research 15:9, 1856-1862
CrossRef353
Melissa K. Thomas, Marie B. Demay. (2000) VITAMIN D DEFICIENCY AND DISORDERS OF VITAMIN D METABOLISM. Endocrinology & Metabolism Clinics of North America 29:3, 611-627
CrossRef354
Ian R Reid. (2000) Vitamin D deficiency and tuberculosis. The Lancet 356:9223, 74
CrossRef355
M. Inaba, T. Ishikawa, Y. Imanishi, E. Ishimura, K. Nakatsuka, H. Morii, Y. Nishizawa. (2000) Pathophysiology and diagnosis of primary hyperparathyroidism — strategy for asymptomatic primary hyperparathyroidism. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy 54, 7s-11s
CrossRef356
Michael Pfeifer, Bettina Begerow, Helmut W. Minne, Christine Abrams, Detlef Nachtigall, Corinna Hansen. (2000) Effects of a Short-Term Vitamin D and Calcium Supplementation on Body Sway and Secondary Hyperparathyroidism in Elderly Women. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research 15:6, 1113-1118
CrossRef357
B Obermayer-Pietsch, H Dobnig, H Warnkroß, H.P Dimai, K Weber, A Berghold, G Leb. (2000) Variable bone mass recovery in hyperthyroid bone disease after radioiodine therapy in postmenopausal patients. Maturitas 35:2, 159-166
CrossRef358
Yoshihiro Sato, Haruko Kuno, Masahide Kaji, Kohju Etoh, Kotaro Oizumi. (2000) Influence of immobilization upon calcium metabolism in the week following hemiplegic stroke. Journal of the Neurological Sciences 175:2, 135-139
CrossRef359
Uri Givon, Eitan Friedman, Anat Reiner, Iris Vered, Aharon Finestone, Joshua Shemer. (2000) Stress Fractures in the Israeli Defense Forces From 1995 to 1996. Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research 373, 227-232
CrossRef360
C. A. Inderjeeth, F. Nicklason, Y. Al-Lahham, T. M. Greenaway, G. Jones, V. V. Parameswaran, R. David. (2000) Vitamin D deficiency and secondary hyperparathyroidism: clinical and biochemical associations in older non-institutionalised Southern Tasmanians. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Medicine 30:2, 209-214
CrossRef361
H. Glerup, K. Mikkelsen, L. Poulsen, E. Hass, S. Overbeck, J. Thomsen, P. Charles, E. F. Eriksen. (2000) Commonly recommended daily intake of vitamin D is not sufficient if sunlight exposure is limited. Journal of Internal Medicine 247:2, 260-268
CrossRef362
PETER J. VAN VELDHUIZEN, SARAH A. TAYLOR, STEPHEN WILLIAMSON, BETTY M. DREES. (2000) TREATMENT OF VITAMIN D DEFICIENCY IN PATIENTS WITH METASTATIC PROSTATE CANCER MAY IMPROVE BONE PAIN AND MUSCLE STRENGTH. The Journal of Urology187
CrossRef363
PETER J. VAN VELDHUIZEN, SARAH A. TAYLOR, STEPHEN WILLIAMSON, BETTY M. DREES. (2000) TREATMENT OF VITAMIN D DEFICIENCY IN PATIENTS WITH METASTATIC PROSTATE CANCER MAY IMPROVE BONE PAIN AND MUSCLE STRENGTH. The Journal of Urology 163:1, 187-190
CrossRef364
Michael Pfeifer, Helmut W Minne. (1999) Vitamin D and Hip Fracture. Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism 10:10, 417-420
CrossRef365
D. Sudhaker Rao. (1999) Perspective on Assessment of Vitamin D Nutrition. Journal of Clinical Densitometry 2:4, 457-464
CrossRef366
Kazutoshi Nakamura, Mitsue Nashimoto, Yasushi Hori, Kensuke Muto, Masaharu Yamamoto. (1999) Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in active women of middle and advanced age in a rural community in Japan. Nutrition 15:11-12, 870-873
CrossRef367
Donald D. Hensrud. (1999) NUTRITION SCREENING AND ASSESSMENT. Medical Clinics of North America 83:6, 1525-1546
CrossRef368
C TRIVALLE, R SEBAGLANOE, S GUILLEMANT. (1999) Prévention et traitement de l'insuffisance en vitamine D du sujet âgé: une efficacité prouvée. La Revue de Médecine Interne 20:9, 755-758
CrossRef369
Craig D. Rubin. (1999) Southwestern Internal Medicine Conference. The American Journal of the Medical Sciences 318:3, 158
CrossRef370
(1999) Case 9-1999: Wegener's Granulomatosis. New England Journal of Medicine 341:7, 541-542
Full Text371
Fuleihan, Ghada El-Hajj, Deeb, Mary, . (1999) Hypovitaminosis D in a Sunny Country. New England Journal of Medicine 340:23, 1840-1841
Full Text372
Abderhaman Ghazali, Patrice Fardellone, Andre Pruna, Ahcene Atik, Jean-Michel Achard, Roxana Oprisiu, Michel Brazier, Alex Remond, Philippe Moriniere, Michele Garabedian, John Eastwood, Albert Fournier. (1999) Is low plasma 25-(OH)vitamin D a major risk factor for hyperparathyroidism and Looser's zones independent of calcitriol?. Kidney International 55:6, 2169-2177
CrossRef373
Nancy E. Lane, L. Robert Gore, Steven R. Cummings, Marc C. Hochberg, Jean C. Scott, Elizabeth N. Williams, Michael C. Nevitt, . (1999) Serum vitamin D levels and incident changes of radiographic hip osteoarthritis: A longitudinal study. Arthritis & Rheumatism 42:5, 854-860
CrossRef374
L. N. Kolonel, A. M. Y. Nomura, R. V. Cooney. (1999) Dietary Fat and Prostate Cancer: Current Status. JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute 91:5, 414-428
CrossRef375
R.J Colman, M.A Lane, N Binkley, F.H Wegner, J.W Kemnitz. (1999) Skeletal effects of aging in male rhesus monkeys. Bone 24:1, 17-23
CrossRef376
Bruce A. Cohn. (1998) Sweating, calcium, and osteoporosis. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 39:6, 1038-1039
CrossRef377
Kenneth Jones. (1998) Maitake. Alternative and Complementary Therapies 4:6, 420-429
CrossRef378
Susan M. Ott, Moira L. Aitken. (1998) OSTEOPOROSIS IN PATIENTS WITH CYSTIC FIBROSIS. Clinics in Chest Medicine 19:3, 555-567
CrossRef379
(1998) Hypovitaminosis D in Medical Inpatients. New England Journal of Medicine 339:5, 344-346
Full Text380
BL Salle, FH Glorieux, A Lapillone. (1998) Vitamin D status in breastfed term babies. Acta Paediatrica 87:7, 726-727
CrossRef381
Utiger, Robert D., . (1998) The Need for More Vitamin D. New England Journal of Medicine 338:12, 828-829
Full Text
- Letters
