Original Article
Treatment of Traumatic Brain Injury with Moderate Hypothermia
N Engl J Med 1997; 336:540-546February 20, 1997
- Abstract
Background
Traumatic brain injury initiates several metabolic processes that can exacerbate the injury. There is evidence that hypothermia may limit some of these deleterious metabolic responses.
Methods
In a randomized, controlled trial, we compared the effects of moderate hypothermia and normothermia in 82 patients with severe closed head injuries (a score of 3 to 7 on the Glasgow Coma Scale). The patients assigned to hypothermia were cooled to 33°C a mean of 10 hours after injury, kept at 32 to 33°C for 24 hours, and then rewarmed. A specialist in physical medicine and rehabilitation who was unaware of the treatment assignments evaluated the patients 3, 6, and 12 months later with the use of the Glasgow Outcome Scale.
Results
The demographic characteristics and causes and severity of injury were similar in the hypothermia and normothermia groups. At 12 months, 62 percent of the patients in the hypothermia group and 38 percent of those in the normothermia group had good outcomes (moderate, mild, or no disabilities). The adjusted risk ratio for a bad outcome in the hypothermia group was 0.5 (95 percent confidence interval, 0.2 to 1.2). Hypothermia did not improve the outcomes in the patients with coma scores of 3 or 4 on admission. Among the patients with scores of 5 to 7, hypothermia was associated with significantly improved outcomes at 3 and 6 months (adjusted risk ratio for a bad outcome, 0.2; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.1 to 0.9 at both intervals), although not at 12 months (risk ratio, 0.3; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.1 to 1.0).
Conclusions
Treatment with moderate hypothermia for 24 hours in patients with severe traumatic brain injury and coma scores of 5 to 7 on admission hastened neurologic recovery and may have improved the outcome.
Media in This Article
Table 1
Clinical and Demographic Characteristics of 82 Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury Assigned to Hypothermia or Normothermia.Table 2
Glasgow Outcome Scores in the Hypothermia and Normothermia Groups at 3, 6, and 12 Months.Article Activity
- Article
The therapeutic use of hypothermia in a patient with traumatic brain injury was first reported in 1943.1 However, since neither this report nor several subsequent reports provided comparative data on patients kept at normal temperatures, they failed to establish the efficacy of therapeutic hypothermia.2-5 Moreover, the degree and duration of cooling and the interval between the injury and the initiation of treatment varied both within and among the studies.
In 1993, preliminary reports on three clinical trials of moderate hypothermia (a temperature of 32 or 33°C) in patients with traumatic brain injury were published, including our report on the first 40 patients in this study.6-8 The largest trial included 46 patients. The studies differed slightly in terms of the duration of cooling (one day or two days) and when it was initiated (within hours after the injury or only after conventional therapy had failed to control intracranial pressure). In each study, there was a trend toward improved outcomes among the patients treated with hypothermia, as compared with those kept at a normal temperature. On the basis of these results, we continued our study. We also assessed the effects of hypothermia on post-traumatic cerebral physiology and ventricular cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of excitatory amino acids and interleukin-1β. This report describes the results in 82 patients, including the 40 patients described in our preliminary report.8
Methods
From February 1991 through September 1994, 155 patients with closed head injuries who had a score of 3 to 7 on the Glasgow Coma Scale9 were admitted to our trauma center. The Glasgow Coma Scale is based on patients' ability to open their eyes, speak, and use their arms or legs. Patients with a score of 7, for example, usually attempt to remove a painful stimulus with an arm but do not speak or open their eyes in response to the stimulus.
The predetermined entry criteria, in addition to a closed head injury and a Glasgow coma score of 3 to 7, were an age of 16 to 75 years, admission within six hours after the injury, and an inability to follow commands. Patients were excluded for the following reasons: clinical brain death (a score of 3 on the Glasgow Coma Scale and no brain-stem reflexes), prolonged hypoxia or hypotension, a gunshot wound, pregnancy, an undetermined time of injury, or normal findings on a computed tomographic (CT) scan of the head (class I according to the classification described by Marshall et al.10).
Eighty-two of the 155 patients met the entry criteria and were randomly assigned to hypothermia or normothermia within six hours after injury. Using a block-randomization scheme, we assigned patients with a Glasgow coma score of 3 or 4 to a treatment group separately from those with a score of 5 to 7 by choosing among equal numbers of sealed envelopes containing the group assignments. This procedure and the study protocol were approved by the University of Pittsburgh investigational review board. If family members were available within six hours after the injury, we obtained written informed consent before randomization. Otherwise, patients were enrolled in the study, and consent was obtained when family members arrived at the hospital.
Treatment Protocol
We began to cool the 40 patients assigned to the hypothermia group immediately after enrollment, using cooling blankets (Blanketrol II, Cincinnati Sub-Zero, Cincinnati) placed above and below the patient and nasogastric lavage with iced saline. Once the rectal temperature reached 33°C (a mean of 10 hours after the injury), it was kept between 32 and 33°C for 24 hours. During the next 12 hours, the patients were passively rewarmed to a temperature of 37 to 38.5°C, at a rate no greater than 1°C per hour, by a gradual adjustment of the blanket thermostat. In the 42 patients in the normothermia group, the temperature was kept between 37 and 38.5°C during the entire five-day monitoring period. The patients in the normothermia group who had rectal temperatures below 37°C at admission were passively rewarmed over a period of 12 hours. To prevent shivering, the patients in the hypothermia group received continuous infusions of a paralytic drug (vecuronium bromide, 10 mg per hour) and a narcotic agent (fentanyl citrate, 50 to 100 μg per hour) for the first 36 hours after the injury. The patients in the normothermia group received similar doses of these drugs during that time.
To determine how accurately rectal temperatures reflected brain temperatures, we compared the results of simultaneous rectal and brain measurements in the first 40 patients. Brain temperatures were measured directly with a microthermistor placed 2 cm from the tip of an external ventricular-drainage catheter (PMT, Chanhassen, Minn.). In 95 percent of over 4000 simultaneous measurements, rectal and brain temperatures did not vary by more than 0.5°C. We therefore used the rectal temperature as a reliable, easily measured indication of the brain temperature.
To monitor cerebral oxygen extraction, we determined the difference between arterial and jugular venous oxygen content every 4 hours for the first 24 hours and every 6 hours thereafter. A jugular venous catheter was inserted into the jugular bulb, and the oxygen content of blood samples obtained from this catheter was subtracted from the oxygen content of simultaneously obtained samples of radial arterial blood. Cerebral blood flow was measured every 12 hours for five days with the xenon-133 technique.11
The patients were treated according to the principles described in “Guidelines for the Management of Severe Head Injury.”12 We rapidly evacuated large subdural and epidural hematomas and hemorrhagic contusions. Intravascular volumes were maintained at nearly normal values by keeping central venous pressures between 6 and 15 cm of water. The cerebral perfusion pressure (the mean arterial pressure minus the intracranial pressure) was maintained at a level higher than 70 mm Hg at all times by keeping the mean arterial pressure at a level between 90 and 110 mm Hg and the intracranial pressure at a level below 20 mm Hg. A ventriculostomy catheter, with a closed column of cerebrospinal fluid coupled to a strain-gauge transducer, was inserted to provide continuous measurement of intracranial pressure. Ventricular cerebrospinal fluid was drained intermittently and bolus intravenous infusions of mannitol (25 to 50 g every three to four hours) were administered to reduce intracranial hypertension. If these measures were unsuccessful and follow-up CT scans showed no mass lesions that should be resected, pentobarbital was infused at a dose that resulted in the suppression of bursts on the electroencephalogram (60 to 120 mg per hour). Corticosteroids were not used. If the intracranial pressure remained high, we administered intravenous dopamine to increase the mean arterial pressure and maintain the cerebral perfusion pressure at a level above 70 mm Hg. Dopamine infusions were required in 22 patients in the hypothermia group and in 17 in the normothermia group. We used hypocapneic therapy (partial pressure of carbon dioxide, <33 mm Hg at 37°C) only to manage otherwise uncontrollable intracranial hypertension. All patients received phenytoin (300 mg per day) intravenously for seven days.
Cerebrospinal Fluid Analysis
We withdrew specimens of cerebrospinal fluid (3 to 4 ml) from the ventriculostomy catheter every 4 hours for the first 24 hours and every 6 hours for the next four days. Immediately before the samples were assayed, they were filtered to remove proteinaceous and particulate material. Aspartate and glutamate concentrations were measured by high-pressure liquid chromatography with the use of a fluorescence detector after precolumn derivation of amino acids with o-phthaldialdehyde.13 Interleukin-1β was measured with a highly sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Cistron Biotechnology, Pine Brook, N.J.).
Assessment of Neurologic Outcome
A specialist in physical medicine and rehabilitation who was unaware of the patients' treatment assignments determined the neurologic outcome 3, 6, and 12 months after the injury. The neurologic outcome was scored according to the Glasgow Outcome Scale,14 as follows: 1, death; 2, vegetative state — unable to interact with the environment; 3, severe disability — unable to live independently but able to follow commands; 4, moderate disability — capable of living independently but unable to return to work or school; and 5, mild or no disability — able to return to work or school.
Statistical Analysis
The base-line characteristics, complications, and outcomes in the two groups were compared with the use of chi-square tests, Fisher's exact tests, Wilcoxon rank-sum tests, or t-tests as appropriate. To compare values for pressure (intracranial pressure, cerebral perfusion pressure, and mean arterial pressure), cerebrospinal fluid neurochemical concentrations, and hematologic variables, we tested the differences in mean values with the use of generalized-linear-regression analysis. Because we performed multiple measurements of each variable in each patient and assumed that the values were correlated, we used a generalized linear model that adjusts for intraclass correlation.15 An interim analysis of the outcomes at three and six months for the first 40 patients in the study, reported elsewhere, slightly reduces the power of this final analysis.8
Most of the demographic and clinical characteristics of the two groups were similar. On the basis of the CT class, the injuries were slightly less severe in the hypothermia group, but the difference was not statistically significant (Table 1Table 1
Clinical and Demographic Characteristics of 82 Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury Assigned to Hypothermia or Normothermia.). To adjust for a possible confounding effect of the CT class, we performed logistic-regression analyses with a dichotomous outcome variable (death, vegetative state, or severe disability vs. normal or moderate disability). The explanatory variables were treatment group, initial Glasgow coma score, and CT class.Results
Characteristics of the Patients
Most of the patients were men, and the most common cause of head injury was a motor vehicle accident (Table 1). The two groups did not differ significantly in terms of age; numbers of patients with abdominal or chest injuries or arm, leg, or pelvic fractures; or the initial Glasgow coma score, although a slightly higher percentage of patients in the normothermia group had a coma score of 5 to 7.
The mean stay in the trauma center was similar in the two groups: 38 days (range, 2 to 267) in the hypothermia group and 35 (range, 1 to 138) in the normothermia group. Eight patients in the hypothermia group and nine in the normothermia group died during this time. Among the surviving patients, 25 (78 percent) in the hypothermia group and 29 (88 percent) in the normothermia group were transferred to a head-injury rehabilitation hospital, where the average length of stay for each group was 69 days. The rates of incidence of delayed post-traumatic intracranial hematomas, infections, deep venous thrombosis, and pulmonary, renal, and cardiac complications were similar in the two groups.
Neurologic Outcome
Three months after injury, 15 (38 percent) of the patients in the hypothermia group had a score on the Glasgow Outcome Scale of 4 or 5, as compared with 7 patients (17 percent) in the normothermia group (P = 0.03) (Table 2Table 2
Glasgow Outcome Scores in the Hypothermia and Normothermia Groups at 3, 6, and 12 Months.). At 12 months, 24 (62 percent) of the patients in the hypothermia group and 16 (38 percent) of those in the normothermia group had a score of 4 or 5 (P = 0.05). The efficacy of hypothermia was related to the severity of the injury as indicated by the Glasgow coma score on admission. Patients with initial coma scores of 3 or 4 did not benefit from hypothermia, whereas those with scores of 5 to 7 did. Among these patients with higher scores, 16 (73 percent) in the hypothermia group and 9 (35 percent) in the normothermia group had a good outcome (a Glasgow outcome score of 4 or 5) at six months (P = 0.008).Logistic-regression analysis of the results in all patients revealed that the CT class and initial Glasgow coma score confounded the treatment effects ascribed to hypothermia (Table 3Table 3
Effect of Hypothermia on the Glasgow Outcome Score at 3, 6, and 12 Months.). When the logistic-regression analysis was adjusted to account for these two variables, the risk ratios were higher than the unadjusted ratios at 6 and 12 months. For the subgroup of patients with an initial Glasgow coma score of 5 to 7, the analysis adjusted for CT class also revealed that this variable may have confounded the treatment effect ascribed to hypothermia at 12 months. However, the unadjusted and adjusted risk ratios at three and six months did not change, and the 95 percent confidence intervals excluded 1 at both points in time. Thus, in the subgroup with an initial Glasgow coma score of 5 to 7, the significant improvement at three and six months in the patients treated with hypothermia could not be attributed to the slight difference between the groups in the CT-based classification of the severity of the injury.Cerebral and Systemic Characteristics
During the first 36 hours after the injury (when the patients in the hypothermia group underwent cooling and rewarming), the hypothermia group had a lower mean intracranial pressure, cerebral blood flow, and heart rate and a higher mean cerebral perfusion pressure (Table 4Table 4
Effect of Hypothermia on Systemic and Intracranial Physiologic Characteristics in the Hypothermia and Normothermia Groups.). During the period after rewarming, the mean cerebral perfusion pressure was significantly lower in the hypothermia group than in the normothermia group, although it remained above 70 mm Hg. The mean intracranial pressure in the hypothermia group increased but did not significantly exceed that in the normothermia group.Moderate hypothermia was not associated with significant changes in serum glucose, amylase, or creatinine concentrations or hematocrit values. The partial-thromboplastin times during the first 36 hours after the injury were slightly higher and the serum potassium concentrations were slightly lower in the hypothermia group, but these values were still within the normal range. Platelet counts and prothrombin times did not differ significantly between the two groups.
Cerebrospinal Fluid Analysis
Among the patients with an initial Glasgow coma score of 5 to 7, those in the hypothermia group had a significantly lower mean cerebrospinal fluid concentration of interleukin-1β and glutamate than did those in the normothermia group during the first 36 hours after injury (Table 5Table 5
Ventricular Cerebrospinal Fluid Concentrations of Aspartate, Glutamate, and Interleukin-1b in the Hypothermia and Normothermia Groups.). In patients with the higher Glasgow coma scores, the mean interleukin-1β concentration remained significantly lower in the hypothermia group after rewarming (6.6 pg per milliliter [0.39 pmol per liter], vs. 41.4 pg per milliliter [2.44 pmol per liter] in the normothermia group; P = 0.003).Discussion
Several clinical characteristics of severe traumatic brain injury influence patients' outcome. The most important characteristics are the patient's age, the initial Glasgow coma score, the presence or absence of pupillary abnormalities, and to a lesser extent, CT-based classification of the severity of the injury.10,16 In our study, the hypothermia and normothermia groups were similar with regard to these characteristics, but the Glasgow coma scores were slightly higher in the normothermia group and the CT class was slightly lower in the hypothermia group. The results of a logistic-regression analysis adjusted for the effects of these clinical characteristics suggest but do not establish conclusively that hypothermia improves the outcome for patients with a Glasgow coma score of less than 8. In the subgroup of patients with an initial Glasgow coma score of 5 to 7, however, hypothermia was associated with a significant improvement in the outcome three and six months after the injury, even after adjustment for the CT class.
In animals with global ischemia and traumatic brain injury, moderate hypothermia (a temperature of 32 to 34°C) reduces secondary brain injury and improves the behavioral outcome.17-20 The specific effects of hypothermia include reducing cerebral ischemia, edema, and tissue injury and preserving the blood–brain barrier.21-25 The mechanisms by which hypothermia limits secondary brain injury are ill defined. In uninjured primates, a reduction in the brain temperature from 37 to 22°C caused a linear decrease in cerebral metabolism and preserved high-energy phosphate stores.26 In rats and primates with experimentally induced cerebral ischemia, however, reducing cerebral activity with inhalation anesthetics did not decrease brain-tissue injury.27,28 In most of these studies, the cerebral effects of the anesthetics were measured according to the degree of suppression of electrical activity. However, anesthetics may depress only the rate of energy use associated with electrophysiologic activity, whereas hypothermia may reduce the rate of energy use associated with both electrophysiologic activity and the homeostatic functions required to maintain cellular integrity (basal metabolism).29
Alternatively, hypothermia may mitigate brain injury by reducing the extracellular concentrations of excitatory neurotransmitters, particularly glutamate.30 We found that hypothermia significantly lowered ventricular cerebrospinal fluid glutamate concentrations in our patients with an initial Glasgow coma score of 5 to 7. The patients who had no benefit from hypothermia (those with a score of 3 or 4) had cerebrospinal fluid glutamate concentrations similar to those in the corresponding normothermia group. On the basis of these findings, we believe that glutamate is one potential mediator of hypothermia's beneficial effects.
Hypothermia may also reduce secondary brain injury by suppressing the post-traumatic inflammatory response. Extravasation of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in the injured area has been documented very early after several types of experimentally induced brain injury.31,32 Hypothermia may reduce the infiltration of cells into the injured area by either preserving the blood–brain barrier24 or reducing the amount of cytokines released. Interleukin-1β is one of several cytokines that appear in the ventricular cerebrospinal fluid soon after traumatic brain injury in humans.33,34 Because it promotes the adhesion of leukocytes to endothelium and increases capillary endothelial permeability, interleukin-1β is undoubtedly important in initiating the post-traumatic inflammatory response.35,36 We found that the mean ventricular cerebrospinal fluid concentration of interleukin-1β was significantly lower in the hypothermia group, both during cooling and after rewarming, than in the normothermia group. As with glutamate, this effect occurred only in the patients with an initial Glasgow coma score of 5 to 7.
Treatment with moderate hypothermia for 24 hours did not increase the incidence of complications in these critically ill patients. Although other investigators have documented a hypothermia-related increase in the incidence of infections (particularly pulmonary infection), coagulation disorders, and cardiac arrhythmias, these complications can be attributed to the use of temperatures below 30°C or a cooling period longer than 24 hours.37,38 The partial-thromboplastin time, though not the prothrombin time, increased slightly during cooling in our patients treated with hypothermia, but we found no indication of clinically important hypothermia-induced coagulopathies39 or bleeding.
We conclude that treatment with moderate hypothermia (a temperature of 32 or 33°C) for 24 hours, initiated soon after severe traumatic brain injury, significantly improved the outcomes at three and six months in patients without flaccidity or decerebrate rigidity (those with Glasgow coma scores of 5 to 7) on initial evaluation. Our results also suggest an improved outcome 12 months after the injury in this group of patients.
Supported by a grant (NS 30318) from the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke.
We are indebted to Patricia M. Carlier, R.N., for her help with data collection; to Helene Marion for editing this paper; to the nursing staff of our neurotrauma intensive care unit; and to Drs. Joseph Darby, David Powner, and Rode Vukmir, whose excellent care and collaboration made this study possible.
Source Information
From the Brain Trauma Research Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh.
Address reprint requests to Dr. Marion at Presbyterian University Hospital, Department of Neurosurgery, Suite B400, 200 Lothrop St., Pittsburgh, PA 15213-2582.
- References
References
1
Fay T . Observations on generalized refrigeration in cases of severe cerebral trauma. Assoc Res Nerv Ment Dis Proc 1943;24:611-6192
Woringer E ,Schneider J ,Baumgartner J ,Thomalske G . Essai critique sur l'effet de l'hibernation artificielle sur 19 cas de souffrance du tronc cérébral après traumatisme sélectionnés pour leur gravité parmi 270 comas postcommotionels. Anesth Analg (Paris) 1954;11:34-453
Sedzimir CB . Therapeutic hypothermia in cases of head injury. J Neurosurg 1959;16:407-414
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline4
Lazorthes G ,Campan L . Hypothermia in the treatment of craniocerebral traumatism. J Neurosurg 1958;15:162-167
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline5
Hendrick EB . The use of hypothermia in severe head injuries in childhood. Ann Surg 1959;79:362-3646
Shiozaki T ,Sugimoto H ,Taneda M , et al. Effect of mild hypothermia on uncontrollable intracranial hypertension after severe head injury. J Neurosurg 1993;79:363-368
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline7
Clifton GL ,Allen S ,Barrodale P , et al. A phase II study of moderate hypothermia in severe brain injury. J Neurotrauma 1993;10:263-271
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline8
Marion DW ,Obrist WD ,Carlier PM ,Penrod LE ,Darby JM . The use of moderate therapeutic hypothermia for patients with severe head injuries: a preliminary report. J Neurosurg 1993;79:354-362
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline9
Teasdale G ,Jennett B . Assessment of coma and impaired consciousness: a practical scale. Lancet 1974;2:81-84
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline10
Marshall LF, Marshall SB, Klauber MR, et al. The diagnosis of head injury requires a classification based on computed axial tomography.J Neurotrauma 1992;9:Suppl 1:S287-S292.
11
Obrist WD ,Gennarelli TA ,Segawa H ,Dolinskas CA ,Langfitt TW . Relation of cerebral blood flow to neurological status and outcome in head-injured patients. J Neurosurg 1979;51:292-300
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline12
Bullock R ,Chesnut RM ,Clifton G , et al. Guidelines for the management of severe head injury. J Neurotrauma 1996;13:639-734
CrossRef | Web of Science13
Palmer AM ,Marion DW ,Botscheller ML ,Swedlow PE ,Styren SD ,DeKosky ST . Traumatic brain injury-induced excitotoxicity assessed in a controlled cortical impact model. J Neurochem 1993;61:2015-2024
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline14
Jennett B ,Snoek J ,Bond MR ,Brooks N . Disability after severe head injury: observations on the use of the Glasgow Outcome Scale. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1981;44:285-293
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline15
Rosner B . Multivariate methods in ophthalmology with application to other paired-data situations. Biometrics 1984;40:1025-1035
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline16
Choi SC ,Narayan RK ,Anderson RL ,Ward JD . Enhanced specificity of prognosis in severe head injury. J Neurosurg 1988;69:381-385
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline17
Dietrich WD ,Alonso O ,Busto R ,Globus MYT ,Ginsberg MD . Post-traumatic brain hypothermia reduces histopathological damage following concussive brain injury in the rat. Acta Neuropathol (Berl) 1994;87:250-258
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline18
Buchan A ,Pulsinelli WA . Hypothermia but not the N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonist, MK-801, attenuates neuronal damage in gerbils subjected to transient global ischemia. J Neurosci 1990;10:311-316
Web of Science | Medline19
Minamisawa H ,Smith ML ,Siesjo BK . The effect of mild hyperthermia and hypothermia on brain damage following 5, 10, and 15 minutes of forebrain ischemia. Ann Neurol 1990;28:26-33
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline20
Clifton GL ,Jiang JY ,Lyeth BG ,Jenkins LW ,Hamm RJ ,Hayes RL . Marked protection by moderate hypothermia after experimental traumatic brain injury. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 1991;11:114-121
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline21
Busto R ,Dietrich WD ,Globus MYT ,Valdes I ,Scheinberg P ,Ginsberg MD . Small differences in intraischemic brain temperature critically determine the extent of ischemic neuronal injury. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 1987;7:729-738
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline22
Marion DW ,White MJ . Treatment of experimental brain injury with moderate hypothermia and 21-aminosteroids. J Neurotrauma 1996;13:139-147
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline23
Pomeranz S ,Safar P ,Radovsky A ,Tisherman SA ,Alexander H ,Stezoski W . The effect of resuscitative moderate hypothermia following epidural brain compression on cerebral damage in a canine outcome model. J Neurosurg 1993;79:241-251
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline24
Smith SL ,Hall ED . Mild pre- and posttraumatic hypothermia attenuates blood-brain barrier damage following controlled cortical impact injury in the rat. J Neurotrauma 1996;13:1-9
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline25
Clasen RA ,Pandolfi S ,Russell J ,Stuart D ,Hass GM . Hypothermia and hypotension in experimental cerebral edema. Arch Neurol 1968;19:472-486
Web of Science | Medline26
Bering EA Jr . Effect of body temperature change on cerebral oxygen consumption of the intact monkey. Am J Physiol 1961;200:417-419
Web of Science27
Warner DS ,Deshpande JK ,Wieloch T . The effect of isoflurane on neuronal necrosis following near-complete forebrain ischemia in the rat. Anesthesiology 1986;64:19-23
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline28
Gelb AW ,Boisvert DP ,Tang C , et al. Primate brain tolerance to temporary focal cerebral ischemia during isoflurane- or sodium nitroprusside-induced hypotension. Anesthesiology 1989;70:678-683
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline29
Nemoto EM ,Klementavicius R ,Melick JA ,Yonas H . Suppression of cerebral metabolic rate for oxygen (CMRO2) by mild hypothermia compared with thiopental. J Neurosurg Anesthesiol 1996;8:52-59
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline30
Busto R ,Globus MYT ,Dietrich WD ,Martinez E ,Valdes I ,Ginsberg MD . Effect of mild hypothermia on ischemia-induced release of neurotransmitters and free fatty acids in rat brain. Stroke 1989;20:904-910
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline31
Clark RSB ,Schiding JK ,Kaczorowski SL ,Marion DW ,Kochanek PM . Neutrophil accumulation after traumatic brain injury in rats: comparison of weight drop and controlled cortical impact models. J Neurotrauma 1994;11:499-506
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline32
Dietrich WD ,Alonso O ,Halley M ,Busto R . Delayed posttraumatic brain hyperthermia worsens outcome after fluid percussion brain injury: a light and electron microscopic study in rats. Neurosurgery 1996;38:533-541
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline33
Young AB ,Ott LG ,Beard D ,Dempsey RJ ,Tibbs PA ,McClain CJ . The acute-phase response of the brain-injured patient. J Neurosurg 1988;69:375-380
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline34
McClain CJ ,Cohen D ,Ott L ,Dinarello CA ,Young B . Ventricular fluid interleukin-1 activity in patients with head injury. J Lab Clin Med 1987;110:48-54
Medline35
Bevilacqua MP ,Pober JS ,Wheeler ME ,Cotran RS ,Gimbrone MA Jr . Interleukin 1 acts on cultured human vascular endothelium to increase the adhesion of polymorphonuclear leukocytes, monocytes, and related leukocyte cell lines. J Clin Invest 1985;76:2003-2011
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline36
Thomas PD ,Hampson FW ,Casale JM ,Hunninghake GW . Neutrophil adherence to human endothelial cells. J Lab Clin Med 1988;111:286-292
Medline37
Mouritzen CV ,Andersen MN . Mechanisms of ventricular fibrillation during hypothermia: relative changes in myocardial refractory period and conduction velocity. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1966;51:579-584
Medline38
Rohrer MJ ,Natale AM . Effect of hypothermia on the coagulation cascade. Crit Care Med 1992;20:1402-1405
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline39
Resnick DK ,Marion DW ,Darby JM . The effect of hypothermia on the incidence of delayed traumatic intracerebral hemorrhage. Neurosurgery 1994;34:252-256
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline
- Citing Articles (497)
Citing Articles
1
Karlis Purins, Per Enblad, Lars Wiklund, Anders Lewén. (2012) Brain Tissue Oxygenation and Cerebral Perfusion Pressure Thresholds of Ischemia in a Standardized Pig Brain Death Model. Neurocritical Care
CrossRef2
Patrick M. Kochanek, P. David Adelson, Stephen Ashwal, Michael J. Bell, Susan Bratton, Susan Carson, Randall M. Chesnut, Jam Ghahar, Brahm Goldstein, Gerald A. Grant, Niranjan Kissoon, Kimberly Peterson, Nathan R. Selden, Karen A. Tong, Robert C. Tasker, Monica S. Vavilala, Mark S. Wainwright, Craig R. Warden. (2012) Chapter 9. Temperature control. Pediatric Critical Care Medicine 13, S42-S45
CrossRef3
Alexander B. Kowski, Hassan Kanaan, Friedhelm C. Schmitt, Martin Holtkamp. (2012) Deep hypothermia terminates status epilepticus – an experimental study. Brain Research
CrossRef4
Guy L. Clifton. (2011) A Review of Clinical Trials of Hypothermia Treatment for Severe Traumatic Brain Injury. Therapeutic Hypothermia and Temperature Management 1:3, 143-149
CrossRef5
Hui Bae Harold Lee, Yochai Z. Shoshani, Jason Sokol, Heather Smith, Eric Stevens, William R. Nunery. (2011) The Assessment of Orbital Apical Temperature Change With Local Cool Compress Application. Ophthalmic Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery 27:6, 414-416
CrossRef6
Tomohiro Matsui, Yukari Motoki, Takafumi Inomoto, Daisuke Miura, Yukiko Kato, Hiromi Suenaga, Keisuke Hino, Junzo Nojima. (2011) Temperature-Related Effects of Adenosine Triphosphate-Activated Microglia on Pro-Inflammatory Factors. Neurocritical Care
CrossRef7
Michael N. Sawka, Lisa R. Leon, Scott J. Montain, Larry A. Sonna. 2011. Integrated Physiological Mechanisms of Exercise Performance, Adaptation, and Maladaptation to Heat Stress. .
CrossRef8
Eltayeb E. Karrar, Nassir Mansour, Anita Bhansali. (2011) Cranial and Spinal Trauma: Current Concepts. Disease-a-Month 57:10, 543-557
CrossRef9
John L. Rigg, Scott R. Mooney. (2011) Concussions and the Military: Issues Specific to Service Members. PM&R 3:10, S380-S386
CrossRef10
Vinay Sundaram, Obaid S. Shaikh. (2011) Acute Liver Failure: Current Practice and Recent Advances. Gastroenterology Clinics of North America 40:3, 523-539
CrossRef11
Elizabeth M. Moore, Alistair D. Nichol, Stephen A. Bernard, Rinaldo Bellomo. (2011) Therapeutic hypothermia: Benefits, mechanisms and potential clinical applications in neurological, cardiac and kidney injury. Injury 42:9, 843-854
CrossRef12
Zhi-ping Wang, Hong-sheng Chen, Feng-Xiang Wang. (2011) Influence of Plasma and Cerebrospinal Fluid Levels of Endothelin-1 and No in Reducing Cerebral Vasospasm after Subarachnoid Hemorrhage During Treatment with Mild Hypothermia, in a Dog Model. Cell Biochemistry and Biophysics 61:1, 137-143
CrossRef13
Javier Vaquero. (2011) Therapeutic hypothermia in the management of acute liver failure. Neurochemistry International
CrossRef14
Changping Yao, Guo Wei, X.-C. May Lu, Weihong Yang, Frank C. Tortella, Jitendra R. Dave. (2011) Selective Brain Cooling in Rats Ameliorates Intracerebral Hemorrhage and Edema Caused by Penetrating Brain Injury: Possible Involvement of Heme Oxygenase-1 Expression. Journal of Neurotrauma 28:7, 1237-1245
CrossRef15
Ankur A. Doshi, Clifton W. Callaway. 2011. The Post-Cardiac Arrest Patient. , 5-25.
CrossRef16
Craig M. Smith, P. David Adelson, Yue-Fang Chang, S. Danielle Brown, Patrick M. Kochanek, Robert S. B. Clark, Hülya Bayir, Jessica Hinchberger, Michael J. Bell. (2011) Brain-systemic temperature gradient is temperature-dependent in children with severe traumatic brain injury. Pediatric Critical Care Medicine 12:4, 449-454
CrossRef17
Qing-Jv Zhao, Xue-Guang Zhang, Le-Xin Wang. (2011) Mild hypothermia therapy reduces blood glucose and lactate and improves neurologic outcomes in patients with severe traumatic brain injury. Journal of Critical Care 26:3, 311-315
CrossRef18
Nicolas Mongardon, Sébastien Perbet, Virginie Lemiale, Florence Dumas, Hélène Poupet, Julien Charpentier, Frédéric Péne, Jean-Daniel Chiche, Jean-Paul Mira, Alain Cariou. (2011) Infectious complications in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients in the therapeutic hypothermia era*. Critical Care Medicine 39:6, 1359-1364
CrossRef19
Joseph Varon, Paul E. Marik, Sharon Einav. (2011) Therapeutic hypothermia: a state-of-the-art emergency medicine perspective. The American Journal of Emergency Medicine
CrossRef20
Mark E. Nunnally, Roman Jaeschke, Geoffrey J. Bellingan, Jacques Lacroix, Bruno Mourvillier, Gloria M. Rodriguez-Vega, Sten Rubertsson, Theodoros Vassilakopoulos, Craig Weinert, Sergio Zanotti-Cavazzoni, Timothy G. Buchman. (2011) Targeted temperature management in critical care: A report and recommendations from five professional societies*. Critical Care Medicine 39:5, 1113-1125
CrossRef21
N. Deye. (2011) De l’hypothermie thérapeutique au contrôle ciblé de la température: une conférence de consensus sur fond de nombreuses incertitudes. Réanimation 20:3, 159-161
CrossRef22
Agathoklis Konstantinidis, Kenji Inaba, Joe Dubose, Galinos Barmparas, Peep Talving, Jean-Stephane David, Lydia Lam, Demetrios Demetriades. (2011) The Impact of Nontherapeutic Hypothermia on Outcomes After Severe Traumatic Brain Injury. The Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care1
CrossRef23
Youzhong Li, Weijing Wu, Zian Xiao, Anquan Peng. (2011) Study on the treatment of traumatic orbital apex syndrome by nasal endoscopic surgery. European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology 268:3, 341-349
CrossRef24
Enikő Kovács, Zsigmond Jenei, Anikó Horváth, László Gellér, Szabolcs Szilágyi, Ákos Király, Levente Molnár, Péter Sótonyi ., Béla Merkely, Endre Zima. (2011) A hypothermia élettani hatásai. Orvosi Hetilap 152:5, 171-181
CrossRef25
Sandra E. Marotta, Yuly Belchikov, Mark D. Siegel. (2011) Hypothermia and Protection from Acetaminophen-Induced Liver Injury. Therapeutic Hypothermia and Temperature Management 1:1, 57-60
CrossRef26
Antoine Roquilly, Pierre Mahe, Dominique Latte, Olivier Loutrel, Philippe Champin, Christelle Di Falco, Athanase Courbe, Kevin Buffenoir, Olivier Hamel, Corinne Lejus, Véronique Sebille, Karim Asehnoune. (2011) Continuous controlled-infusion of hypertonic saline solution in traumatic brain-injured patients: a 9-year retrospective study. Critical Care 15:5, R260
CrossRef27
Markku Kaste, Risto O. Roine. 2011. General Stroke Management and Stroke Units. , 992-1007.
CrossRef28
Patrick M. Kochanek, Michael J. Bell, Hülya Bayir, Michael J. Forbes, Randall Ruppel, P. David Adelson, Robert S.B. Clark. 2011. Severe Traumatic Brain Injury in Infants and Children. , 849-870.
CrossRef29
Ayşe Demirhan, Memduh Kaymaz, Raşit Ahıska, İnan Güler. (2010) A Survey on Application of Quantitative Methods on Analysis of Brain Parameters Changing with Temperature. Journal of Medical Systems 34:6, 1059-1071
CrossRef30
Coleen M. Atkins, Jessie S. Truettner, George Lotocki, Juliana Sanchez-Molano, Yuan Kang, Ofelia F. Alonso, Thomas J. Sick, W. Dalton Dietrich, Helen M. Bramlett. (2010) Post-traumatic seizure susceptibility is attenuated by hypothermia therapy. European Journal of Neuroscience 32:11, 1912-1920
CrossRef31
Christopher King, Timothy Robinson, C. Edward Dixon, Gutti R. Rao, Donald Larnard, C. Edwin M. Nemoto. (2010) Brain Temperature Profiles during Epidural Cooling with the ChillerPad in a Monkey Model of Traumatic Brain Injury. Journal of Neurotrauma 27:10, 1895-1903
CrossRef32
Jieru Xie, Zhiyu Qian, Tianming Yang, Weitao Li, Guangxia Hu. (2010) Minimally invasive assessment of the effect of mannitol and hypertonic saline therapy on traumatic brain edema using measurements of reduced scattering coefficient (μs′). Applied Optics 49:28, 5407
CrossRef33
Shelly D. Timmons. (2010) Current trends in neurotrauma care. Critical Care Medicine 38, S431-S444
CrossRef34
Jun-feng Feng, Kui-ming Zhang, Ji-yao Jiang, Guo-yi Gao, Xiʼan Fu, Yu-min Liang. (2010) Effect of Therapeutic Mild Hypothermia on the Genomics of the Hippocampus After Moderate Traumatic Brain Injury in Rats. Neurosurgery 67:3, 730-742
CrossRef35
Larry A. Sonna, Matthew M. Kuhlmeier, Purvesh Khatri, Dechang Chen, Craig M. Lilly. (2010) A microarray analysis of the effects of moderate hypothermia and rewarming on gene expression by human hepatocytes (HepG2). Cell Stress and Chaperones 15:5, 687-702
CrossRef36
Eric R Scaife, Kimberly D Statler. (2010) Traumatic brain injury: preferred methods and targets for resuscitation. Current Opinion in Pediatrics 22:3, 339-345
CrossRef37
Matthew J. Meyer, Joseph Megyesi, Jay Meythaler, Manuel Murie-Fernandez, Jo-Anne Aubut, Norine Foley, Katherine Salter, Mark Bayley, Shawn Marshall, Robert Teasell. (2010) Acute management of acquired brain injury part I: An evidence-based review of non-pharmacological interventions. Brain Injury 24:5, 694-705
CrossRef38
Joan Sanchez de Toledo, Michael J. Bell. (2010) Complications of hypothermia: Interpreting ‘serious,’ ‘adverse,’ and ‘events’ in clinical trials*. Pediatric Critical Care Medicine 11:3, 439-441
CrossRef39
Cheng-Hsin Lin, Wen-Shiann Wu, Mao-Tsun Lin, Wen-Ping Liu, Ron-Bin Hsu, Ching-Ping Chang. (2010) Attenuating Ischemia-Induced H9c2 Myoblasts Apoptosis by Therapeutic Hypothermia. The American Journal of the Medical Sciences 339:3, 258-265
CrossRef40
Susan E Jacobs, Rod Hunt, William O Tarnow-Mordi, Terrie E Inder, Peter G Davis. (2010) Cochrane Review: Cooling for newborns with hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy. Evidence-Based Child Health: A Cochrane Review Journal 5:1, 474-531
CrossRef41
Andrew Losiniecki, Lori Shutter. (2010) Management of Traumatic Brain Injury. Current Treatment Options in Neurology 12:2, 142-154
CrossRef42
Antje Diestel, Silke Troeller, Nils Billecke, Igor M. Sauer, Felix Berger, Katharina R. L. Schmitt. (2010) Mechanisms of hypothermia-induced cell protection mediated by microglial cells in vitro. European Journal of Neuroscience 31:5, 779-787
CrossRef43
Anilchandra Attaluri, Zhongping Huang, Liang Zhu. (2010) Evaluation of an Interstitial Cooling Device for Carotid Arterial Cooling Using a Tissue Equivalent Gel Phantom. Journal of Thermal Science and Engineering Applications 2:1, 011007
CrossRef44
Ananda P. Sen, Anil Gulati. (2010) Use of magnesium in traumatic brain injury. Neurotherapeutics 7:1, 91-99
CrossRef45
Andrew Cappuccino, Leslie J. Bisson, Bud Carpenter, John Marzo, W Dalton Dietrich, Helen Cappuccino. (2010) The Use of Systemic Hypothermia for the Treatment of an Acute Cervical Spinal Cord Injury in a Professional Football Player. Spine 35:2, E57-E62
CrossRef46
W. Dalton Dietrich, Helen M. Bramlett. (2010) The evidence for hypothermia as a neuroprotectant in traumatic brain injury. Neurotherapeutics 7:1, 43-50
CrossRef47
Patrick M. Kochanek, Michael J. Bell, Hülya Bayır. (2010) Quo Vadis 2010 – Carpe Diem: Challenges and Opportunities in Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury. Developmental Neuroscience 32:5-6, 335-342
CrossRef48
Xian N. Tang, Midori A. Yenari. (2010) Hypothermia as a cytoprotective strategy in ischemic tissue injury. Ageing Research Reviews 9:1, 61-68
CrossRef49
Ryogo ANEI, Hideki SAKAI, Koji IIHARA, Izumi NAGATA. (2010) Effectiveness of Brain Hypothermia Treatment in Patients With Severe Subarachnoid Hemorrhage — Comparisons at a Single Facility. Neurologia medico-chirurgica 50:10, 879-883
CrossRef50
J Exo, C Smith, R Smith, MJ Bell. (2009) Emergency treatment options for pediatric traumatic brain injury. Pediatric Health 3:6, 533-541
CrossRef51
A. David Edwards. (2009) The Discovery of Hypothermic Neural Rescue Therapy for Perinatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy. Seminars in Pediatric Neurology 16:4, 200-206
CrossRef52
Matthew Schreckinger, Donald W. Marion. (2009) Contemporary Management of Traumatic Intracranial Hypertension: Is There a Role for Therapeutic Hypothermia?. Neurocritical Care 11:3, 427-436
CrossRef53
Hao Li, Guoping Lu, Wei Shi, Shan Zheng. (2009) Protective Effect of Moderate Hypothermia on Severe Traumatic Brain Injury in Children. Journal of Neurotrauma 26:11, 1905-1909
CrossRef54
Jasmin Arrich, Michael Holzer, Harald Herkner, Marcus Müllner, Jasmin Arrich. 2009. Hypothermia for neuroprotection in adults after cardiopulmonary resuscitation. .
CrossRef55
Ross P. Martini, Steven Deem, N. David Yanez, Randall M. Chesnut, Noel S. Weiss, Stephen Daniel, Michael Souter, Miriam M. Treggiari. (2009) Management guided by brain tissue oxygen monitoring and outcome following severe traumatic brain injury. Journal of Neurosurgery 111:4, 644-649
CrossRef56
Kenneth R. Diller, Liang Zhu. (2009) Hypothermia Therapy for Brain Injury. Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering 11:1, 135-162
CrossRef57
Elisabeth Török, Mariusz Klopotowski, Raimund Trabold, Serge C. Thal, Nikolaus Plesnila, Karsten Schöller. (2009) MILD HYPOTHERMIA (33°C) REDUCES INTRACRANIAL HYPERTENSION AND IMPROVES FUNCTIONAL OUTCOME AFTER SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE IN RATS. Neurosurgery 65:2, 352-359
CrossRef58
D. Grinkeviciute,, R. Kevalas,. (2009) Induced Mild Hypothermia in Children after Brain Injury. Reviews in the Neurosciences 20:3-4, 261-266
CrossRef59
Ava M. Puccio, Michael R. Fischer, Brian T. Jankowitz, Howard Yonas, Joseph M. Darby, David O. Okonkwo. (2009) Induced Normothermia Attenuates Intracranial Hypertension and Reduces Fever Burden after Severe Traumatic Brain Injury. Neurocritical Care 11:1, 82-87
CrossRef60
Patrick M. Kochanek, Robert C. Tasker. (2009) Pediatric Neurointensive Care: 2008 Update for the Rogers’ Textbook of Pediatric Intensive Care. Pediatric Critical Care Medicine 10:4, 517-523
CrossRef61
R Todd Stravitz, Fin Stolze Larsen. (2009) Therapeutic hypothermia for acute liver failure. Critical Care Medicine 37:Supplement, S258-S264
CrossRef62
Ming-Yuan Tseng, Peter J. Hutchinson, Hugh K. Richards, Marek Czosnyka, John D. Pickard, Wendy N. Erber, Stephen Brown, Peter J. Kirkpatrick. (2009) Acute systemic erythropoietin therapy to reduce delayed ischemic deficits following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: a Phase II randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Journal of Neurosurgery 111:1, 171-180
CrossRef63
Eugene Y. Fukudome, Hasan B. Alam. (2009) Hypothermia in multisystem trauma. Critical Care Medicine 37:Supplement, S265-S272
CrossRef64
Julius Gene S. Latorre, David M. Greer. (2009) Management of Acute Intracranial Hypertension. The Neurologist 15:4, 193-207
CrossRef65
Kristin Rupich. (2009) The Use of Hypothermia as a Treatment for Traumatic Brain Injury. Journal of Neuroscience Nursing 41:3, 159-167
CrossRef66
Philip Smucker, S. K. Hekmatyar, Navin Bansal, Richard B. Rodgers, Scott A. Shapiro, Richard B. Borgens. (2009) INTRAVENOUS POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL SUCCESSFULLY TREATS SEVERE ACCELERATION-INDUCED BRAIN INJURY IN RATS AS ASSESSED BY MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING. Neurosurgery 64:5, 984-990
CrossRef67
Juan Sahuquillo, Jon Pérez-Bárcena, Alberto Biestro, Elizabeth Zavala, Mari-Angels Merino, Anna Vilalta, Maria Antonia Poca, Angel Garnacho, Ramon Adalia, Javier Homar, Juan Antonio LLompart-Pou. (2009) Intravascular cooling for rapid induction of moderate hypothermia in severely head-injured patients: results of a multicenter study (IntraCool). Intensive Care Medicine 35:5, 890-898
CrossRef68
Raymond Choi, Robert H. Andres, Gary K. Steinberg, Raphael Guzman. (2009) Intraoperative hypothermia during vascular neurosurgical procedures. Neurosurgical FOCUS 26:5, E24
CrossRef69
Alistair D. Nichol, D. James Cooper. (2009) Can we improve neurological outcomes in severe traumatic brain injury?. Injury 40:5, 471-478
CrossRef70
Patrick M. Kochanek, Ericka L. Fink, Michael J. Bell, Hülya Bayir, Robert S.B. Clark. (2009) Therapeutic Hypothermia: Applications in Pediatric Cardiac Arrest. Journal of Neurotrauma 26:3, 421-427
CrossRef71
P. David Adelson. (2009) Hypothermia following Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury. Journal of Neurotrauma 26:3, 429-436
CrossRef72
Ji-Yao Jiang. (2009) Clinical Study of Mild Hypothermia Treatment for Severe Traumatic Brain Injury. Journal of Neurotrauma 26:3, 399-406
CrossRef73
Donald Marion, M. Ross Bullock. (2009) Current and Future Role of Therapeutic Hypothermia. Journal of Neurotrauma 26:3, 455-467
CrossRef74
Feng Jia, Qing Mao, Yu-Min Liang, Ji-Yao Jiang. (2009) Effect of Post-Traumatic Mild Hypothermia on Hippocampal Cell Death after Traumatic Brain Injury in Rats. Journal of Neurotrauma 26:2, 243-252
CrossRef75
Wo-Hua Zhao, Xun-Ming Ji, Feng Ling, Yu-Chuan Ding, Chang-Hong Xing, Hao Wu, Miao Guo, Yun Xuan, Bo Guan, Ling-Ling Jiang. (2009) Local mild hypothermia induced by intra-arterial cold saline infusion prolongs the time window of onset of reperfusion injury after transient focal ischemia in rats. Neurological Research 31:1, 43-51
CrossRef76
Hülya Bayr, P David Adelson, Stephen R. Wisniewski, Paul Shore, YiChen Lai, Danielle Brown, Keri L. Janesko-Feldman, Valerian E. Kagan, Patrick M. Kochanek. (2009) Therapeutic hypothermia preserves antioxidant defenses after severe traumatic brain injury in infants and children*. Critical Care Medicine 37:2, 689-695
CrossRef77
Kyung Min Lee, Jae Hee Jang, Jae Sik Park, Dong Sun Kim, Hyung Soo Han. (2009) Effect of mild hypothermia on blood brain barrier disruption induced by oleic acid in rats. Genes & Genomics 31:1, 89-98
CrossRef78
Emma Sydenham, Ian Roberts, Phil Alderson, Emma Sydenham. 2009. Hypothermia for traumatic head injury. .
CrossRef79
G. Orliaguet, T. Baugnon, L. Uhrig. (2009) Traumi cranici del bambino. EMC - Anestesia-Rianimazione 14:3, 1-12
CrossRef80
Michael A. Tortorici, Ying Mu, Patrick M. Kochanek, Wen Xie, Samuel M. Poloyac. (2009) Moderate hypothermia prevents cardiac arrest-mediated suppression of drug metabolism and induction of interleukin-6 in rats*. Critical Care Medicine 37:1, 263-269
CrossRef81
Yu-Cheng Hsieh, Shien-Fong Lin, Tung-Chao Lin, Chih-Tai Ting, Tsu-Juey Wu. (2009) Therapeutic Hypothermia (30°C) Enhances Arrhythmogenic Substrates, Including Spatially Discordant Alternans, and Facilitates Pacing-Induced Ventricular Fibrillation in Isolated Rabbit Hearts. Circulation Journal 73:12, 2214-2222
CrossRef82
Takashi Tokutomi, Tomoya Miyagi, Yasuharu Takeuchi, Takashi Karukaya, Hiroshi Katsuki, Minoru Shigemori. (2009) Effect of 35°C Hypothermia on Intracranial Pressure and Clinical Outcome in Patients With Severe Traumatic Brain Injury. The Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care 66:1, 166-173
CrossRef83
Susan E Jacobs, Rod Hunt, William O Tarnow-Mordi, Terrie E Inder, Peter G Davis. (2008) Cochrane Review: Cooling for newborns with hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy. Evidence-Based Child Health: A Cochrane Review Journal 3:4, 1049-1115
CrossRef84
Rakesh Sahni, Ulana M. Sanocka. (2008) Hypothermia for Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy. Clinics in Perinatology 35:4, 717-734
CrossRef85
Kristin Elf, Pelle Nilsson, Elisabeth Ronne-Engström, Tim Howells, Per Enblad. (2008) Temperature disturbances in traumatic brain injury: relationship to secondary insults, barbiturate treatment and outcome. Neurological Research 30:10, 1097-1105
CrossRef86
A DIESTEL, J ROESSLER, F BERGER, K SCHMITT. (2008) Hypothermia downregulates inflammation but enhances IL-6 secretion by stimulated endothelial cells
. Cryobiology 57:3, 216-222
CrossRef87
Brian K. Kwon, Cody Mann, Hong Moon Sohn, Alan S. Hilibrand, Frank M. Phillips, Jeffrey C. Wang, Michael G. Fehlings. (2008) Hypothermia for spinal cord injury. The Spine Journal 8:6, 859-874
CrossRef88
Lisa R. Leon. (2008) Thermoregulatory responses to environmental toxicants: The interaction of thermal stress and toxicant exposure. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 233:1, 146-161
CrossRef89
David J. Dries. (2008) Managing traumatic brain injury: What is the evidence?*. Critical Care Medicine 36:11, 3116-3117
CrossRef90
Y WANG, L ZHU, A ROSENGART. (2008) Targeted brain hypothermia induced by an interstitial cooling device in the rat neck: Experimental study and model validation. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 51:23-24, 5662-5670
CrossRef91
Jesse J. Corry, Rajat Dhar, Theresa Murphy, Michael N. Diringer. (2008) Hypothermia for Refractory Status Epilepticus. Neurocritical Care 9:2, 189-197
CrossRef92
Jed A. Hartings, Marinella Gugliotta, Charlotte Gilman, Anthony J. Strong, Frank C. Tortella, M. Ross Bullock. (2008) Repetitive cortical spreading depolarizations in a case of severe brain trauma. Neurological Research 30:8, 876-882
CrossRef93
(2008) Hypothermia Therapy after Traumatic Brain Injury in Children. New England Journal of Medicine 359:11, 1178-1180
Full Text94
R. Todd Stravitz, William M. Lee, Andreas H. Kramer, David J. Kramer, Linda Hynan, Andres T. Blei. (2008) Therapeutic Hypothermia for Acute Liver Failure: Toward a Randomized, Controlled Trial in Patients with Advanced Hepatic Encephalopathy. Neurocritical Care 9:1, 90-96
CrossRef95
Marc A Lazzaro, Shyam Prabhakaran. (2008) Induced hypothermia in acute ischemic stroke. Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs 17:8, 1161-1174
CrossRef96
By Panagiotis Kiekkas, Hero Brokalaki, Georgia Theodorakopoulou, George I. Baltopoulos. (2008) Physical Antipyresis in Critically Ill Adults. AJN, American Journal of Nursing 108:7, 40-49
CrossRef97
Ron Hirschberg, Dorothy Weiss, Ross Zafonte. (2008) Traumatic brain injury and gender: what is known and what is not. Future Neurology 3:4, 483-489
CrossRef98
Hutchison, James S., Ward, Roxanne E., Lacroix, Jacques, Hébert, Paul C., Barnes, Marcia A., Bohn, Desmond J., Dirks, Peter B., Doucette, Steve, Fergusson, Dean, Gottesman, Ronald, Joffe, Ari R., Kirpalani, Haresh M., Meyer, Philippe G., Morris, Kevin P., Moher, David, Singh, Ram N., Skippen, Peter W., . (2008) Hypothermia Therapy after Traumatic Brain Injury in Children. New England Journal of Medicine 358:23, 2447-2456
Full Text99
Tomohiro Matsui, Takahiro Kakeda. (2008) IL-10 Production Is Reduced by Hypothermia but Augmented by Hyperthermia in Rat Microglia. Journal of Neurotrauma 25:6, 709-715
CrossRef100
James S. Hutchison, Dermot R. Doherty, James P. Orlowski, Niranjan Kissoon. (2008) Hypothermia Therapy for Cardiac Arrest in Pediatric Patients. Pediatric Clinics of North America 55:3, 529-544
CrossRef101
Kees H Polderman. (2008) Induced hypothermia and fever control for prevention and treatment of neurological injuries. The Lancet 371:9628, 1955-1969
CrossRef102
Katja E Wartenberg, Stephan A Mayer. (2008) Use of induced hypothermia for neuroprotection: indications and application. Future Neurology 3:3, 325-361
CrossRef103
Hong Zhang, Min Zhou, Junjian Zhang, Yuanwu Mei, Shenggang Sun, Etang Tong. (2008) Therapeutic effect of post-ischemic hypothermia duration on cerebral ischemic injury. Neurological Research 30:4, 332-336
CrossRef104
Geoffrey S.F. Ling, Scott A. Marshall. (2008) Management of Traumatic Brain Injury in the Intensive Care Unit. Neurologic Clinics 26:2, 409-426
CrossRef105
En-Ting Wu, Shu-Chien Huang, Nai-Hsin Chi, Ming-Tai Lin, Wen-Je Ko, Shoei-Shen Wang, Jou-Kou Wang, Mei-Hwan Wu. (2008) Idioventricular rhythm induced by therapeutic hypothermia. Resuscitation 76:3, 471-473
CrossRef106
Andrea Kurz. (2008) Thermal care in the perioperative period. Best Practice & Research Clinical Anaesthesiology 22:1, 39-62
CrossRef107
Andrew Cappuccino. (2008) Moderate Hypothermia as Treatment for Spinal Cord Injury. Orthopedics 31:3, 243-246
CrossRef108
Sung-Moon Jeong, Kyung-Don Hahm, Yong-Bo Jeong, Hong-Seuk Yang, In-Cheol Choi. (2008) Warming of Intravenous Fluids Prevents Hypothermia During Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery. Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia 22:1, 67-70
CrossRef109
Daniel T. Laskowitz, David S. Warner. (2008) Statins in Acute Brain Injury: Getting the Cart Before the Horse. Neurocritical Care 8:1, 3-5
CrossRef110
Keywan Bayegan, Andreas Janata, Martin Frossard, Michael Holzer, Fritz Sterz, Udo M. Losert, Anton N. Laggner, Wilhelm Behringer. (2008) Rapid non-invasive external cooling to induce mild therapeutic hypothermia in adult human-sized swine. Resuscitation 76:2, 291-298
CrossRef111
Daniel I Sessler. (2008) Whatʼs Hot in Thermoregulation. ASA Refresher Courses in Anesthesiology 36:1, 155-166
CrossRef112
Y. Camus, E. Delva, A. Lienhart. (2008) Ipotermia intraoperatoria non provocata nell???adulto. EMC - Anestesia-Rianimazione 13:1, 1-17
CrossRef113
Kim Peterson, Susan Carson, Nancy Carney. (2008) Hypothermia Treatment for Traumatic Brain Injury: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Journal of Neurotrauma 25:1, 62-71
CrossRef114
Fahad Shuja, José Pedro Almeida, Hasan B. Alam. (2008) Role of hypothermia in hemorrhagic shock. Journal of Organ Dysfunction 4:3, 151-160
CrossRef115
Sandra D.W. Buttram, Stephen R. Wisniewski, Edwin K. Jackson, P. David Adelson, Keri Feldman, Hülya Bayir, Rachel P. Berger, Robert S.B. Clark, Patrick M. Kochanek. (2007) Multiplex Assessment of Cytokine and Chemokine Levels in Cerebrospinal Fluid following Severe Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury: Effects of Moderate Hypothermia. Journal of Neurotrauma 24:11, 1707-1718
CrossRef116
Susan E Jacobs, Rod Hunt, William O Tarnow-Mordi, Terrie E Inder, Peter G Davis, Susan E Jacobs. 2007. Cooling for newborns with hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy. .
CrossRef117
O. Huet, B. Kinirons, L. Dupic, E. Lajeunie, J. X. Mazoit, D. Benhamou, E. Vicaut, J. Duranteau. (2007) Induced mild hypothermia reduces mortality during acute inflammation in rats. Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica 51:9, 1211-1216
CrossRef118
Peter J. Hutchinson, Mark T. O'Connell, Nancy J. Rothwell, Stephen J. Hopkins, Jürgens Nortje, Keri L.H. Carpenter, Ivan Timofeev, Pippa G. Al-Rawi, David K. Menon, John D. Pickard. (2007) Inflammation in Human Brain Injury: Intracerebral Concentrations of IL-1 α , IL-1 β , and Their Endogenous Inhibitor IL-1ra. Journal of Neurotrauma 24:10, 1545-1557
CrossRef119
J.-R. Kuo, K.-C. Lin, C.-L. Lu, H.-J. Lin, C.-C. Wang, C. H. Chang. (2007) Correlation of a high D-dimer level with poor outcome in traumatic intracranial hemorrhage. European Journal of Neurology 14:10, 1073-1078
CrossRef120
David Zygun. (2007) Hypothermia in severe traumatic brain injury: Questions remain. Journal of Critical Care 22:3, 235-236
CrossRef121
Michael A. Tortorici, Patrick M. Kochanek, Samuel M. Poloyac. (2007) Effects of hypothermia on drug disposition, metabolism, and response: A focus of hypothermia-mediated alterations on the cytochrome P450 enzyme system. Critical Care Medicine 35:9, 2196-2204
CrossRef122
J. Meixensberger, C. Renner. (2007) Therapeutische Hypothermie auf der Intensivtherapiestation. Der Anaesthesist 56:9, 945-948
CrossRef123
Yunjian Wang, Liang Zhu. (2007) Targeted brain hypothermia induced by an interstitial cooling device in human neck: theoretical analyses. European Journal of Applied Physiology 101:1, 31-40
CrossRef124
Hiroko Kanakura, Takumi Taniguchi. (2007) The antiinflammatory effects of propofol in endotoxemic rats during moderate and mild hypothermia. Journal of Anesthesia 21:3, 354-360
CrossRef125
Coleen M. Atkins, Anthony A. Oliva, Ofelia F. Alonso, Shaoyi Chen, Helen M. Bramlett, Bing-Ren Hu, W. Dalton Dietrich. (2007) Hypothermia treatment potentiates ERK1/2 activation after traumatic brain injury. European Journal of Neuroscience 26:4, 810-819
CrossRef126
Osuke Iwata, Sachiko Iwata, John S. Thornton, Enrico De Vita, Alan Bainbridge, Linda Herbert, Francesco Scaravilli, Donald Peebles, John S. Wyatt, Ernest B. Cady, Nicola J. Robertson. (2007) “Therapeutic time window” duration decreases with increasing severity of cerebral hypoxia–ischaemia under normothermia and delayed hypothermia in newborn piglets. Brain Research 1154, 173-180
CrossRef127
Ross D. Zafonte. (2007) Brain Injury Research: Lessons for Reinventing the Future. The 38th Zeiter Lecture. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 88:5, 551-554
CrossRef128
R A Polin, T M Randis, R Sahni. (2007) Systemic hypothermia to decrease morbidity of hypoxic-ischemic brain injury. Journal of Perinatology 27, S47-S58
CrossRef129
Susan L. Bratton, Randall M. Chestnut, Jamshid Ghajar, Flora F. McConnell Hammond, Odette A. Harris, Roger Hartl, Geoffrey T. Manley, Andrew Nemecek, David W. Newell, Guy Rosenthal, Joost Schouten, Lori Shutter, Shelly D. Timmons, Jamie S. Ullman, Walter Videtta, Jack E. Wilberger, David W. Wright. (2007) III. Prophylactic Hypothermia. Journal of Neurotrauma 24:supplement 1, S-21-S-25
CrossRef130
Dietrich Henzler, D James Cooper, Ann B. Tremayne, Rolf Rossaint, Alisa Higgins. (2007) Early modifiable factors associated with fatal outcome in patients with severe traumatic brain injury: A case control study*. Critical Care Medicine 35:4, 1027-1031
CrossRef131
T.G. Costello, R.D. Thomas, L. Hong. (2007) IHAST II and the response of neuroanaesthetists. Journal of Clinical Neuroscience 14:4, 322-327
CrossRef132
Christopher C Giza, Richard B Mink, Andranik Madikians. (2007) Pediatric traumatic brain injury: not just little adults. Current Opinion in Critical Care 13:2, 143-152
CrossRef133
Walter Mauritz, Ivan Janciak, Ingrid Wilbacher, Martin Rusnak. (2007) Severe Traumatic Brain Injury in Austria IV: Intensive care management. Wiener klinische Wochenschrift 119:1-2, 46-55
CrossRef134
Heleen den Hertog, Bart van der Worp, Maarten van Gemert, Diederik Dippel. (2007) Therapeutic hypothermia in acute ischemic stroke. Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics 7:2, 155-164
CrossRef135
Lihua Zhang, Huilin Cheng, Jixin Shi, Jun Chen. (2007) Focal epidural cooling reduces the infarction volume of permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion in swine. Surgical Neurology 67:2, 117-121
CrossRef136
John R Hotchkiss, Alain F Broccard. (2007) Modulating cofactors of acute lung injury 2005–2006: any closer to ‘prime time’?. Current Opinion in Critical Care 13:1, 39-44
CrossRef137
Randolph W. Evans, Jack E. Wilberger, Sanjay Bhatia. 2007. Traumatic Disorders. , 1185-1211.
CrossRef138
Richard Henker, Karen K. Carlson. (2007) Fever. AACN Advanced Critical Care 18:1, 76-87
CrossRef139
Hiromasa Otake, Junya Shite, Oscar Luis Paredes, Toshiro Shinke, Ryohei Yoshikawa, Yusuke Tanino, Satoshi Watanabe, Toru Ozawa, Daisuke Matsumoto, Daisuke Ogasawara, Mitsuhiro Yokoyama. (2007) Catheter-Based Transcoronary Myocardial Hypothermia Attenuates Arrhythmia and Myocardial Necrosis in Pigs With Acute Myocardial Infarction. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 49:2, 250-260
CrossRef140
Brook D. Scott, Tammy Hogue, Mark S. Fixley, Philip B. Adamson. (2006) Induced hypothermia following out-of-hospital cardiac arrest; initial experience in a community hospital. Clinical Cardiology 29:12, 525-529
CrossRef141
Neeraj Badjatia. (2006) Therapeutic temperature modulation in neurocritical care. Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports 6:6, 509-517
CrossRef142
Ramachandran Ramani. (2006) Hypothermia for brain protection and resuscitation. Current Opinion in Anaesthesiology 19:5, 487-491
CrossRef143
Ernesto A. Pretto. (2006) Perioperative Management of the Recipient of the Extended Criteria Cadaveric Donor Liver (ECDL). International Anesthesiology Clinics 44:4, 79-96
CrossRef144
Ana G. Alzaga, Mario Cerdan, Joseph Varon. (2006) Therapeutic hypothermia. Resuscitation 70:3, 369-380
CrossRef145
Jeffrey M. Perlman. (2006) Intervention strategies for neonatal hypoxic-ischemic cerebral injury. Clinical Therapeutics 28:9, 1353-1365
CrossRef146
Tomohiro Matsui, Toshizo Ishikawa, Hiroaki Takeuchi, Kiyoshi Okabayashi, Tsuyoshi Maekawa. (2006) Mild Hypothermia Promotes Pro-Inflammatory Cytokine Production in Monocytes. Journal of Neurosurgical Anesthesiology 18:3, 189-193
CrossRef147
H. Cheng, J. Shi, L. Zhang, Q. Zhang, H. Yin, L. Wang. (2006) Epidural cooling for selective brain hypothermia in porcine model. Acta Neurochirurgica 148:5, 559-564
CrossRef148
Alexios A. Adamides, Craig D. Winter, Philip M. Lewis, D. James Cooper, Thomas Kossmann, Jeffrey V. Rosenfeld. (2006) CURRENT CONTROVERSIES IN THE MANAGEMENT OF PATIENTS WITH SEVERE TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY. ANZ Journal of Surgery 76:3, 163-174
CrossRef149
Sang Won Suh, Christopher J Frederickson, Gorm Danscher. (2006) Neurotoxic zinc translocation into hippocampal neurons is inhibited by hypothermia and is aggravated by hyperthermia after traumatic brain injury in rats. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 26:2, 161-169
CrossRef150
Patrick D. Lyden, Derk Krieger, Midori Yenari, W. Dalton Dietrich. (2006) Therapeutic hypothermia for acute stroke. International Journal of Stroke 1:1, 9-19
CrossRef151
Ikram U. Haque, Maureen C. LaTour, Arno L. Zaritsky. (2006) Pediatric critical care community survey of knowledge and attitudes toward therapeutic hypothermia in comatose children after cardiac arrest. Pediatric Critical Care Medicine 7:1, 7-14
CrossRef152
Brian T. Jankowitz, P. David Adelson. (2006) Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury: Past, Present and Future. Developmental Neuroscience 28:4-5, 264-275
CrossRef153
Chenguang Diao, Liang Zhu. (2006) Temperture distribution and blood perfusion response in rat brain during selective brain cooling. Medical Physics 33:7, 2565
CrossRef154
Paul I. Reynolds, Oliver Soldes, Shobha Malviya, Peter J. Davis. 2006. Perioperative Management of the Pediatric Trauma Patient. , 991-1012.
CrossRef155
Jiang-shu JIN, Toshiyuki SAKAEDA, Mikio KAKUMOTO, Kohshi NISHIGUCHI, Tsutomu NAKAMURA, Noboru OKAMURA, Katsuhiko OKUMURA. (2006) Effect of Therapeutic Moderate Hypothermia on Multi-drug Resistance Protein 1-Mediated Transepithelial Transport of Drugs. Neurologia medico-chirurgica 46:7, 321-327
CrossRef156
A. C. Berends, P. G. M. Luiten, C. Nyakas. (2005) A Review of the Neuroprotective Properties of the 5-HT1A Receptor Agonist Repinotan HC1 (BAY × 3702) in Ischemic Stroke. CNS Drug Reviews 11:4, 379-402
CrossRef157
Javier Vaquero, Robert J. Fontana, Anne M. Larson, Nathan M.T. Bass, Timothy J. Davern, A. Obaid Shakil, Steven Han, M. Edwyn Harrison, Todd R. Stravitz, Santiago Muñoz, Robert Brown, William M. Lee, Andres T. Blei. (2005) Complications and use of intracranial pressure monitoring in patients with acute liver failure and severe encephalopathy. Liver Transplantation 11:12, 1581-1589
CrossRef158
Akiko Taguchi, Andrea Kurz. (2005) Thermal management of the patient: where does the patient lose and/or gain temperature?. Current Opinion in Anaesthesiology 18:6, 632-639
CrossRef159
Andrew D. McRae, Stacy Ackroyd-Stolarz, Charles Weijer. (2005) Risk in Emergency Research Using a Waiver of/Exception from Consent: Implications of a Structured Approach for Institutional Review Board Review. Academic Emergency Medicine 12:11, 1104-1112
CrossRef160
Jessie S Truettner, Ofelia F Alonso, W Dalton Dietrich. (2005) Influence of therapeutic hypothermia on matrix metalloproteinase activity after traumatic brain injury in rats. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 25:11, 1505-1516
CrossRef161
Yat-Hang Tse, Gilberto Ka-Kit Leung, Yiu-Wah Fan. (2005) Cerebral protection in traumatic brain injury. Surgical Practice 9:4, 122-125
CrossRef162
Laura H. Mcilvoy. (2005) The Effect of Hypothermia and Hyperthermia on Acute Brain Injury. AACN Clinical Issues: Advanced Practice in Acute and Critical Care 16:4, 488-500
CrossRef163
Dean A Cowie. (2005) The role of hypothermia in neurosurgical patients. Current Opinion in Anaesthesiology 18:5, 496-500
CrossRef164
Chanhung Z Lee, William L Young. (2005) Management of brain arteriovenous malformations. Current Opinion in Anaesthesiology 18:5, 484-489
CrossRef165
Thomas J. Balkany, Adrien A. Eshraghi, He Jiao, Marek Polak, Caihong Mou, Dalton W. Dietrich, Thomas R. Van De Water. (2005) Mild Hypothermia Protects Auditory Function During Cochlear Implant Surgery. The Laryngoscope 115:9, 1543-1547
CrossRef166
Joseph T. King, Patricia M. Carlier, Donald W. Marion. (2005) Early Glasgow Outcome Scale Scores Predict Long-Term Functional Outcome in Patients with Severe Traumatic Brain Injury. Journal of Neurotrauma 22:9, 947-954
CrossRef167
John M. Tilford, Mary E. Aitken, K J. S. Anand, Jerril W. Green, Allen C. Goodman, James G. Parker, Jeffrey B. Killingsworth, Debra H. Fiser, P David Adelson. (2005) Hospitalizations for critically ill children with traumatic brain injuries: A longitudinal analysis*. Critical Care Medicine 33:9, 2074-2081
CrossRef168
William L. Maxwell, Anna Watson, Ross Queen, Bernard Conway, David Russell, Matt Neilson, David I. Graham. (2005) Slow, Medium, or Fast Re-Warming following Post-Traumatic Hypothermia Therapy? An Ultrastructural Perspective. Journal of Neurotrauma 22:8, 873-884
CrossRef169
Margaret A Satchell, Yichen Lai, Patrick M Kochanek, Stephen R Wisniewski, Ericka L Fink, Neal A Siedberg, Rachel P Berger, Steven T DeKosky, P David Adelson, Robert S B Clark. (2005) Cytochrome c, a biomarker of apoptosis, is increased in cerebrospinal fluid from infants with inflicted brain injury from child abuse. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 25:7, 919-927
CrossRef170
Osuke Iwata, John S. Thornton, Mark W. Sellwood, Sachiko Iwata, Yasuko Sakata, Martina A. Noone, Frances E. O'Brien, Alan Bainbridge, Enrico De Vita, Gennadij Raivich, Donald Peebles, Francesco Scaravilli, Ernest B. Cady, Roger Ordidge, John S. Wyatt, Nicola J. Robertson. (2005) Depth of delayed cooling alters neuroprotection pattern after hypoxia-ischemia. Annals of Neurology 58:1, 75-87
CrossRef171
Jean-Louis Vincent, Jacques Berr??. (2005) Primer on medical management of severe brain injury. Critical Care Medicine 33:6, 1392-1399
CrossRef172
Henry E. Wang, Clifton W. Callaway, Andrew B. Peitzman, Samuel A. Tisherman. (2005) Admission hypothermia and outcome after major trauma. Critical Care Medicine 33:6, 1296-1301
CrossRef173
Michael Holzer, Wilhelm Behringer, Andreas Janata, Keywan Bayegan, Heinrich Schima, Zeno Deckert, Udo Losert, Anton N. Laggner, Fritz Sterz. (2005) Extracorporeal venovenous cooling for induction of mild hypothermia in human-sized swine*. Critical Care Medicine 33:6, 1346-1350
CrossRef174
Süleyman Kaplan, Ahmet Gökyar, Bünyami Ünal, Ayten Türkkanı Tunç, Ayşe Bahadır, Hüseyin Aslan. (2005) A simple technique for localizing consecutive fields for disector pairs in light microscopy: Application to neuron counting in rabbit spinal cord following spinal cord injury. Journal of Neuroscience Methods 145:1-2, 277-284
CrossRef175
Thomas Mussack, Stefan M. Huber, Roland Ladurner, Theresia Hummel, Wolf Mutschler. (2005) Bilateral decompressive craniectomy due to intracranial hypertension during acute posttraumatic liver dysfunction. The Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care 58:5, 1061-1065
CrossRef176
Suresh Subramaniam, Michael D. Hill. (2005) Massive Cerebral Infarction. The Neurologist 11:3, 150-160
CrossRef177
Gunther J Pestel, Andrea Kurz. (2005) Hypothermia – itʼs more than a toy. Current Opinion in Anaesthesiology 18:2, 151-156
CrossRef178
Marianne Thoresen, Andrew Whitelaw. (2005) Therapeutic hypothermia for hypoxic–ischaemic encephalopathy in the newborn infant: review. Current Opinion in Neurology 18:2, 111-116
CrossRef179
Javier Vaquero, Andres T Blei. (2005) Mild Hypothermia for Acute Liver Failure. Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology 39:Supplement 2, S147-S157
CrossRef180
P David Adelson, John Ragheb, J Paul Muizelaar, Paul Kanev, Douglas Brockmeyer, Sue R. Beers, S Danielle Brown, Laura D. Cassidy, Yuefang Chang, Harvey Levin. (2005) Phase II Clinical Trial of Moderate Hypothermia after Severe Traumatic Brain Injury in Children. Neurosurgery 56:4, 740-754
CrossRef181
Kelly Keefe Marcoux. (2005) Management of Increased Intracranial Pressure in the Critically Ill Child With an Acute Neurological Injury. AACN Clinical Issues: Advanced Practice in Acute and Critical Care 16:2, 212-231
CrossRef182
Claudius Thomé, Gerrit A. Schubert, Lothar Schilling. (2005) Hypothermia as a neuroprotective strategy in subarachnoid hemorrhage: a pathophysiological review focusing on the acute phase. Neurological Research 27:3, 229-237
CrossRef183
Carlos E. Casas, Loren P. Herrera, Chad Prusmack, Gladys Ruenes, Alexander Marcillo, James D. Guest. (2005) Effects of epidural hypothermic saline infusion on locomotor outcome and tissue preservation after moderate thoracic spinal cord contusion in rats. Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine 2:3, 308-318
CrossRef184
A. Br
x, A. R. J. Girbes, K. H. Polderman. (2005) Kontrollierte milde und moderate Hypothermie. Der Anaesthesist 54:3, 225-244
CrossRef185
Rishi Gupta, Tudor G Jovin, Derk W Krieger. (2005) Therapeutic hypothermia for stroke: do new outfits change an old friend?. Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics 5:2, 235-246
CrossRef186
Hilaire J Thompson, Rachel C Hoover, Nancy C Tkacs, Kathryn E Saatman, Tracy K McIntosh. (2005) Development of posttraumatic hyperthermia after traumatic brain injury in rats is associated with increased periventricular inflammation. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 25:2, 163-176
CrossRef187
Said Hachimi-Idrissi, Martin Zizi, Duc N. Nguyen, Johan Schiettecate, Guy Ebinger, Yvette Michotte, Luc Huyghens. (2005) The evolution of serum astroglial S-100 β protein in patients with cardiac arrest treated with mild hypothermia. Resuscitation 64:2, 187-192
CrossRef188
E. Popp, F. Sterz, B. W. B
CrossRef189
Amy K. Wagner, Anthony Fabio, Ava M. Puccio, Ronald Hirschberg, Wei Li, Ross D. Zafonte, Donald W. Marion. (2005) Gender associations with cerebrospinal fluid glutamate and lactate/pyruvate levels after severe traumatic brain injury. Critical Care Medicine 33:2, 407-413
CrossRef190
Y. Haranishi, R. Kawata, S. Fukuda, T. Kiyoshima, Y. Morimoto, M. Matsumoto, T. Sakabe. (2005) Moderate hypothermia, but not calpain inhibitor 2, attenuates the proteolysis of microtubule-associated protein 2 in the hippocampus following traumatic brain injury in rats. European Journal of Anaesthesiology 22:2, 140-147
CrossRef191
Alanna J. Church, R. David Andrew. (2005) Spreading Depression Expands Traumatic Injury in Neocortical Brain Slices. Journal of Neurotrauma 22:2, 277-290
CrossRef192
Michael Holzer, Stephen A. Bernard, Said Hachimi-Idrissi, Risto O. Roine, Fritz Sterz, Marcus M??llner. (2005) Hypothermia for neuroprotection after cardiac arrest: Systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis. Critical Care Medicine 33:2, 414-418
CrossRef193
Lisa Hunt, David L. Hacker, Fr
CrossRef194
Todd, Michael M., Hindman, Bradley J., Clarke, William R., Torner, James C., . (2005) Mild Intraoperative Hypothermia during Surgery for Intracranial Aneurysm. New England Journal of Medicine 352:2, 135-145
Full Text195
Ericka L. Fink, Christina D. Marco, Holly A. Donovan, Henry Alexander, C. Edward Dixon, Larry W. Jenkins, Christopher J. Stange, Patrick M. Kochanek, Robert S.B. Clark. (2005) Brief Induced Hypothermia Improves Outcome after Asphyxial Cardiopulmonary Arrest in Juvenile Rats. Developmental Neuroscience 27:2-4, 191-199
CrossRef196
Adrien A. Eshraghi, Omar Nehme, Marek Polak, Jiao He, Ofelia F. Alonso, W. Dalton Dietrich, Thomas J. Balkany, Thomas R. Van De Water. (2005) Cochlear temperature correlates with both temporalis muscle and rectal temperatures. Application for testing the otoprotective effect of hypothermia. Acta Oto-laryngologica 125:9, 922-928
CrossRef197
Hilaire J. Thompson, Jonathan Lifshitz, Niklas Marklund, M. Sean Grady, David I. Graham, David A. Hovda, Tracy K. McIntosh. (2005) Lateral Fluid Percussion Brain Injury: A 15-Year Review and Evaluation. Journal of Neurotrauma 22:1, 42-75
CrossRef198
Samuel A Tisherman. (2004) Hypothermia and injury. Current Opinion in Critical Care 10:4, 512-519
CrossRef199
Jeffrey M. Perlman. (2004) Brain injury in the term infant. Seminars in Perinatology 28:6, 415-424
CrossRef200
Said Hachimi-Idrissi, Luc Huyghens. (2004) Resuscitative mild hypothermia as a protective tool in brain damage: is there evidence?. European Journal of Emergency Medicine 11:6, 335-342
CrossRef201
F BACH, F MERTZLUFFT. (2004) Perioperative heat exchange in surgical patients ? measurement and treatment. Thermochimica Acta 422:1-2, 41-42
CrossRef202
Milos D. Ikonomovic, Kunihiro Uryu, Eric E. Abrahamson, John R. Ciallella, John Q. Trojanowski, Virginia M.-Y. Lee, Robert S. Clark, Donald W. Marion, Stephen R. Wisniewski, Steven T. DeKosky. (2004) Alzheimer's pathology in human temporal cortex surgically excised after severe brain injury. Experimental Neurology 190:1, 192-203
CrossRef203
Rajiv Jalan, Steven W.M. Olde Damink, Nicolaas E.P. Deutz, Peter C. Hayes, Alistair Lee. (2004) Moderate hypothermia in patients with acute liver failure and uncontrolled intracranial hypertension. Gastroenterology 127:5, 1338-1346
CrossRef204
J. Slotboom, C. Kiefer, C. Brekenfeld, C. Ozdoba, L. Remonda, K. Nedeltchev, M. Arnold, H. Mattle, G. Schroth. (2004) Locally induced hypothermia for treatment of acute ischaemic stroke: a physical feasibility study. Neuroradiology 46:11, 923-934
CrossRef205
Lina Shalak, Jeffrey M. Perlman. (2004) Hypoxic–ischemic brain injury in the term infant-current concepts. Early Human Development 80:2, 125-141
CrossRef206
Kees H. Polderman, E. Wesley Ely, Ahmed E. Badr, Armand R. J. Girbes. (2004) Induced hypothermia in traumatic brain injury: considering the conflicting results of meta-analyses and moving forward. Intensive Care Medicine 30:10, 1860-1864
CrossRef207
Eric A. Bedell, Douglas S. DeWitt, Tatsuo Uchida, Donald S. Prough. (2004) Cerebral Pressure Autoregulation Is Intact and Is Not Influenced by Hypothermia after Traumatic Brain Injury in Rats. Journal of Neurotrauma 21:9, 1212-1222
CrossRef208
Geoffrey S.F. Ling, Eleanor Y. Lee, Audrey N. Kalehua. 2004. Traumatic Brain Injury in the Rat Using the Fluid-Percussion Model. .
CrossRef209
(2004) High-Dose Mannitol. Journal of Neurosurgery 101:3,
CrossRef210
Toshiaki Hayakata, Tadahiko Shiozaki, Osamu Tasaki, Hitoshi Ikegawa, Yoshiaki Inoue, Fujinaka Toshiyuki, Hideo Hosotubo, Fuijita Kieko, Testuji Yamashita, Hiroshi Tanaka, Takeshi Shimazu, Hisashi Sugimoto. (2004) CHANGES IN CSF S100B AND CYTOKINE CONCENTRATIONS IN EARLY-PHASE SEVERE TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY. Shock 22:2, 102-107
CrossRef211
Elizabeth A. Vitarbo, Katina Chatzipanteli, Kosaku Kinoshita, Jessie S. Truettner, Ofelia F. Alonso, W. Dalton Dietrich. (2004) Tumor Necrosis Factor α Expression and Protein Levels after Fluid Percussion Injury in Rats: The Effect of Injury Severity and Brain Temperature. Neurosurgery 55:2, 416-425
CrossRef212
Michael M. Todd. (2004) Current status of hypothermia as a treatment modality. Canadian Journal of Anesthesia/Journal canadien d'anesthésie 51:S1, R32-R34
CrossRef213
Takumi Taniguchi, Hiroko Kanakura, Yasuhiro Takemoto, Ken Yamamoto. (2004) The Antiinflammatory Effects of Ketamine in Endotoxemic Rats During Moderate and Mild Hypothermia. Anesthesia & Analgesia1114-1120
CrossRef214
F. Mielck, A. Bräuer, O. Radke, G. Hanekop, S. Loesch, M. Friedrich, R. Hilgers, H. Sonntag. (2004) Changes of jugular venous blood temperature associated with measurements of cerebral blood flow using the transcerebral double-indicator dilution technique. European Journal of Anaesthesiology 21:4, 289-295
CrossRef215
Guy L Clifton. (2004) Is keeping cool still hot? An update on hypothermia in brain injury. Current Opinion in Critical Care 10:2, 116-119
CrossRef216
Ralf Burger, Martin Bendszus, Giles Hamilton Vince, Laszlo Solymosi, Klaus Roosen. (2004) Neurophysiological Monitoring, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, and Histological Assays Confirm the Beneficial Effects of Moderate Hypothermia after Epidural Focal Mass Lesion Development in Rodents. Neurosurgery 54:3, 701-712
CrossRef217
Andrea Zeiner, Gere Sunder-Plassmann, Fritz Sterz, Michael Holzer, Heidrun Losert, Anton N Laggner, Marcus Müllner. (2004) The effect of mild therapeutic hypothermia on renal function after cardiopulmonary resuscitation in men. Resuscitation 60:3, 253-261
CrossRef218
Christian M Custodio, Jeffrey R Basford. (2004) Delayed postanoxic encephalopathy: a case report and literature review. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 85:3, 502-505
CrossRef219
Ji-Yao Jiang, Yu-Ming Liang, Qi-Zhong Luo, Cheng Zhu. (2004) Effect of Mild Hypothermia on Brain Dialysate Lactate after Fluid Percussion Brain Injury in Rodents. Neurosurgery 54:3, 713-718
CrossRef220
Huan Wang, William Olivero, Giuseppe Lanzino, William Elkins, Jean Rose, Debra Honings, Mary Rodde, Jan Burnham, David Wang. (2004) Rapid and selective cerebral hypothermia achieved using a cooling helmet. Journal of Neurosurgery 100:2, 272-277
CrossRef221
Anthony E. Kline, Jaime L. Massucci, C. Edward Dixon, Ross D. Zafonte, Bryan D. Bolinger. (2004) The Therapeutic Efficacy Conferred by the 5-HT 1A Receptor Agonist 8-Hydroxy-2-(di- n -propylamino)tetralin (8-OH-DPAT) after Experimental Traumatic Brain Injury Is Not Mediated by Concomitant Hypothermia. Journal of Neurotrauma 21:2, 175-185
CrossRef222
Amy K. Wagner, Hülya Bayir, Dianxu Ren, Ava Puccio, Ross D. Zafonte, Patrick M. Kochanek. (2004) Relationships between Cerebrospinal Fluid Markers of Excitotoxicity, Ischemia, and Oxidative Damage after Severe TBI: The Impact of Gender, Age, and Hypothermia. Journal of Neurotrauma 21:2, 125-136
CrossRef223
Alan S. Boulos, Elad I. Levy, Bernard R. Bendok, Stanley H. Kim, Adnan I. Qureshi, Lee R. Guterman, L. Nelson Hopkins. (2004) Evolution of Neuroendovascular Intervention: A Review of Advancement in Device Technology. Neurosurgery 54:2, 438-453
CrossRef224
Helen M. Bramlett, W. Dalton Dietrich. (2004) Pathophysiology of cerebral ischemia and brain trauma: Similarities and differences. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism133-150
CrossRef225
T. Matsui, T. Ishikawa, H. Takeuchi, M. Tsukahara, T. Maekawa. (2004) Mild hypothermia inhibits IL-10 production in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica 48:2, 205-210
CrossRef226
Agostino Pierro, Simon Eaton. (2004) Intestinal ischemia reperfusion injury and multisystem organ failure. Seminars in Pediatric Surgery 13:1, 11-17
CrossRef227
Noriyasu Fukuoka, Mayuki Aibiki, Toyohisa Tsukamoto, Keisuke Seki, Shushi Morita. (2004) Biphasic concentration change during continuous midazolam administration in brain-injured patients undergoing therapeutic moderate hypothermia. Resuscitation 60:2, 225-230
CrossRef228
Donald W. Marion. (2004) Controlled normothermia in neurologic intensive care. Critical Care Medicine 32:Supplement, S43-S45
CrossRef229
Stephen M. Reed, Frank M. Andrews. 2004. Disorders of the Neurologic System. , 533-665.
CrossRef230
Adetokunbo A. Oyelese, Ian G. Fleetwood, Gary K. Steinberg. 2004. Cavernous Malformations and Venous Anomalies: Natural History and Surgical Management. , 1369-1391.
CrossRef231
Hülya Bayir, Donald W. Marion, Ava M. Puccio, Stephen R. Wisniewski, Keri L. Janesko, Robert S. B. Clark, Patrick M. Kochanek. (2004) Marked Gender Effect on Lipid Peroxidation after Severe Traumatic Brain Injury in Adult Patients. Journal of Neurotrauma 21:1, 1-8
CrossRef232
Betty J Tsuei, Paul A Kearney. (2004) Hypothermia in the trauma patient. Injury 35:1, 7-15
CrossRef233
Markku Kaste, Risto O. Roine. 2004. General Stroke Management and Stroke Units. , 971-985.
CrossRef234
Tatsuru ARAI. (2004) CPR Methods-The Underlining Mechanisms and Controversies. THE JOURNAL OF JAPAN SOCIETY FOR CLINICAL ANESTHESIA 24:9, 395-406
CrossRef235
Harald G. Fritz, Reinhard Bauer. (2004) Secondary Injuries in Brain Trauma: Effects of Hypothermia. Journal of Neurosurgical Anesthesiology 16:1, 43-52
CrossRef236
Jarmo Lahtinen, Fausto Biancari, Tero Ala‐Kokko, Pekka Rainio, Esa Salmela, Risto Pokela, Jari Satta, Martti Lepojärvi, Tatu Juvonen. (2004) Pulmonary artery blood temperature at admission to the intensive care unit is predictive of outcome after on‐pump coronary artery bypass surgery. Scandinavian Cardiovascular Journal 38:2, 104-112
CrossRef237
Vineeta Singh. (2004) Critical Care Assessment and Management of Acute Ischemic Stroke. Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology 15:1, S21-S27
CrossRef238
Naoyuki Hashiguchi, Tadahiko Shiozaki, Hiroshi Ogura, Hiroshi Tanaka, Taichin Koh, Mitsuhiro Noborio, Keiko Fugita, Pavel Akimau, Yasuyuki Kuwagata, Takeshi Shimazu, Hisashi Sugimoto. (2003) Mild Hypothermia Reduces Expression of Heat Shock Protein 60 in Leukocytes from Severely Head-Injured Patients. The Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care 55:6, 1054-1060
CrossRef239
Takamoto Suzuki, Helen M Bramlett, W.Dalton Dietrich. (2003) The importance of gender on the beneficial effects of posttraumatic hypothermia. Experimental Neurology 184:2, 1017-1026
CrossRef240
Yoshihito Fujita, Naoki Yamamoto, Kazuya Sobue, Masaaki Inagaki, Hiroaki Ito, Hajime Arima, Tetsuro Morishima, Akinori Takeuchi, Takako Tsuda, Hirotada Katsuya, Kiyofumi Asai. (2003) Effect of mild hypothermia on the expression of aquaporin family in cultured rat astrocytes under hypoxic condition. Neuroscience Research 47:4, 437-444
CrossRef241
Frank Shann. (2003) Hypothermia for traumatic brain injury: how soon, how cold, and how long?. The Lancet 362:9400, 1950-1951
CrossRef242
Maxim D. Hammer, Derk W. Krieger. (2003) Hypothermia for Acute Ischemic Stroke: Not Just Another Neuroprotectant. The Neurologist 9:6, 280-289
CrossRef243
S Jacobs, R Hunt, W Tarnow-Mordi, T Inder, P Davis, Susan Jacobs. 2003. Cooling for newborns with hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy. .
CrossRef244
Lorri A. Lee, Sam R. Sharar, Arthur M. Lam. (2003) Perioperative Head Injury Management in the Multiply Injured Trauma Patient. International Anesthesiology Clinics 40:3, 31-52
CrossRef245
Ajai K. Malhotra, John B. Schweitzer, Jerry L. Fox, Timothy C. Fabian, Kenneth G. Proctor. (2003) Cerebral Perfusion Pressure Directed Therapy following Traumatic Brain Injury and Hypotension in Swine. Journal of Neurotrauma 20:9, 827-839
CrossRef246
Andrew W. Kirkpatrick, Naisan Garraway, David Ross Brown, David Nash, Alexander Ng, Bernard Lawless, Johan Cunningham, Rosaleen Chun, Richard K. Simons. (2003) Use of a Centrifugal Vortex Blood Pump and Heparin-Bonded Circuit for Extracorporeal Rewarming of Severe Hypothermia in Acutely Injured and Coagulopathic Patients. The Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care 55:3, 407-412
CrossRef247
Valery Feigin, Neil Anderson, Alistair Gunn, Anthony Rodgers, Craig Anderson. (2003) The emerging role of therapeutic hypothermia in acute stroke. The Lancet Neurology 2:9, 529
CrossRef248
Stefan Gasser, Nadia Khan, Yasuhiro Yonekawa, Hans-Georg Imhof, Emanuela Keller. (2003) Long-Term Hypothermia in Patients with Severe Brain Edema After Poor-Grade Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Feasibility and Intensive Care Complications. Journal of Neurosurgical Anesthesiology 15:3, 240-248
CrossRef249
&NA;. (2003) Chapter 14. The role of temperature control following severe pediatric traumatic brain injury. Pediatric Critical Care Medicine 4:SUPPLEMENT, S53-S55
CrossRef250
Stephen A. Bernard, Michael Buist. (2003) Induced hypothermia in critical care medicine: A review. Critical Care Medicine 31:7, 2041-2051
CrossRef251
H BAYIR. (2003) Traumatic brain injury in infants and children*1Mechanisms of secondary damage and treatment in the intensive care unit. Critical Care Clinics 19:3, 529-549
CrossRef252
Ralf Burger, Mark Zuechner, Martin Bendszus, Giles Hamilton Vince, Klaus Roosen. (2003) Moderate Hypothermia Improves Neurobehavioral Deficits after an Epidural Focal Mass Lesion in Rodents. Journal of Neurotrauma 20:6, 543-558
CrossRef253
Rajiv Jalan, Steven W. M. Olde Damink, Nicolaas E. P. Deutz, Nathan A. Davies, Oliver J. Garden, Krishna K. Madhavan, Peter C. Hayes, Alistair Lee. (2003) Moderate hypothermia prevents cerebral hyperemia and increase in intracranial pressure in patients undergoing liver transplantation for acute liver failure. Transplantation 75:12, 2034-2039
CrossRef254
Matti Pokela, Janne Heikkinen, Fausto Biancari, Erkka Rönkä, Timo Kaakinen, Vilho Vainionpää, Kai T Kiviluoma, Pekka Romsi, Enrico Leo, Jorma Hirvonen, Pasi Lepola, Jussi Rimpiläinen, Tatu S Juvonen. (2003) Topical head cooling during rewarming after experimental hypothermic circulatory arrest. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 75:6, 1899-1910
CrossRef255
Suzanne DeBow, Frederick Colbourne. (2003) Brain temperature measurement and regulation in awake and freely moving rodents. Methods 30:2, 167-171
CrossRef256
Maria Erecinska, Marianne Thoresen, Ian A. Silver. (2003) Effects of Hypothermia on Energy Metabolism in Mammalian Central Nervous System. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism513-530
CrossRef257
Nicholas G. Bircher. (2003) Resuscitation research and consent: Ethical and practical issues. Critical Care Medicine 31:Supplement, S379-S384
CrossRef258
Jasmin Arrich, Stephen Bernard, Michael Holzer, Risto Roine, Jasmin Arrich. 2003. Hypothermia for neuroprotection after cardiopulmonary resuscitation. .
CrossRef259
Kimberly D. Statler, Henry L. Alexander, Vincent A. Vagni, Edwin M. Nemoto, Stevan P. Tofovic, C. Edward Dixon, Larry W. Jenkins, Donald W. Marion, Patrick M. Kochanek. (2003) Moderate hypothermia may be detrimental after traumatic brain injury in fentanyl-anesthetized rats. Critical Care Medicine 31:4, 1134-1139
CrossRef260
Koji Iida, Kaoru Kurisu, Kazunori Arita, Minako Ohtani. (2003) Hyperemia prior to acute brain swelling during rewarming of patients who have been treated with moderate hypothermia for severe head injuries. Journal of Neurosurgery 98:4, 793-799
CrossRef261
Peter J. Safar, Samuel A. Tisherman. (2003) Trauma resuscitation: what have we learned in the last 50 years?. Current Opinion in Anaesthesiology 16:2, 133-138
CrossRef262
P. L. Pemberton, J. Dinsmore. (2003) The use of hypothermia as a method of neuroprotection during neurosurgical procedures and after traumatic brain injury: A survey of clinical practice in Great Britain and Ireland. Anaesthesia 58:4, 371-373
CrossRef263
Elan Jeremitsky, Laurel Omert, C. Michael Dunham, Jack Protetch, Aurelio Rodriguez. (2003) Harbingers of Poor Outcome the Day after Severe Brain Injury: Hypothermia, Hypoxia, and Hypoperfusion. The Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care 54:2, 312-319
CrossRef264
Takashi Tokutomi, Kazuya Morimoto, Tomoya Miyagi, Shintaro Yamaguchi, Kazufumi Ishikawa, Minoru Shigemori. (2003) Optimal Temperature for the Management of Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: Effect of Hypothermia on Intracranial Pressure, Systemic and Intracranial Hemodynamics, and Metabolism. Neurosurgery 52:1, 102-112
CrossRef265
Hülya Bayr, Robert S. B. Clark, Patrick M. Kochanek. (2003) Promising strategies to minimize secondary brain injury after head trauma. Critical Care Medicine 31:Supplement, S112-S117
CrossRef266
Yoshimasa Takeda, Kenji Namba, Tomoyasu Higuchi, Shingo Hagioka, Ken Takata, Masahisa Hirakawa, Kiyoshi Morita. (2003) Quantitative evaluation of the neuroprotective effects of hypothermia ranging from 34°C to 31°C on brain ischemia in gerbils and determination of the mechanism of neuroprotection. Critical Care Medicine 31:1, 255-260
CrossRef267
Abhik K. Biswas, Derek A. Bruce, Fred H. Sklar, Joanna L. Bokovoy, John F. Sommerauer. (2002) Treatment of acute traumatic brain injury in children with moderate hypothermia improves intracranial hypertension. Critical Care Medicine 30:12, 2742-2751
CrossRef268
Anthony G. Doufas, Ozan Ak??a, Atul Barry, David A. Petrusca, Mohammad-Irfan Suleman, Nobutada Morioka, John J. Guarnaschelli, and Daniel I. Sessler. (2002) Initial Experience with a Novel Heat-Exchanging Catheter in Neurosurgical Patients. Anesthesia & Analgesia 95:6, 1752-1756
CrossRef269
John R. Ciallella, Milos D. Ikonomovic, William R. Paljug, Yetta I. Wilbur, C. Edward Dixon, Patrick M. Kochanek, Donald W. Marion, Steven T. DeKosky. (2002) Changes in Expression of Amyloid Precursor Protein and Interleukin-1β after Experimental Traumatic Brain Injury in Rats. Journal of Neurotrauma 19:12, 1555-1567
CrossRef270
Anna N. Taylor, Horacio E. Romeo, Anna V. Beylin, Delia L. Tio, Shayan U. Rahman, David A. Hovda. (2002) Alcohol Consumption in Traumatic Brain Injury: Attenuation of TBI-Induced Hyperthermia and Neurocognitive Deficits. Journal of Neurotrauma 19:12, 1597-1608
CrossRef271
Simon R Dixon, Thanh T Nguyen, William W O’Neill, Robert J Whitbourn, Michael W Dae, Eberhard Grube, Warren Sherman, Gary L Schaer, J.Stephen Jenkins, Donald S Baim, Raymond J Gibbons, Richard E Kuntz, Jeffrey J Popma. (2002) Induction of mild systemic hypothermia with endovascular cooling during primary percutaneous coronary intervention for acute myocardial infarction. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 40:11, 1928-1934
CrossRef272
Catherine A. Mazzola, P. David Adelson. (2002) Critical care management of head trauma in children. Critical Care Medicine 30:Supplement, S393-S401
CrossRef273
Erich Schmutzhard, Klaus Engelhardt, Ronny Beer, Gregor Brössner, Bettina Pfausler, Heinz Spiss, Iris Unterberger, Andreas Kampfl. (2002) Safety and efficacy of a novel intravascular cooling device to control body temperature in neurologic intensive care patients: A prospective pilot study*. Critical Care Medicine 30:11, 2481-2488
CrossRef274
Göran Heinius, Andreas Wladis, Robert G. Hahn, B.Thomas Kjellström. (2002) Induced Hypothermia and Rewarming after Hemorrhagic Shock. Journal of Surgical Research 108:1, 7-13
CrossRef275
Samuel A. Tisherman. (2002) To control temperature, all you need is a “cool” line *. Critical Care Medicine 30:11, 2598-2600
CrossRef276
Jose E. Irazuzta, Robert K. Pretzlaff, Basilia Zingarelli, Vivian Xue, Frank Zemlan. (2002) Modulation of nuclear factor-κB activation and decreased markers of neurological injury associated with hypothermic therapy in experimental bacterial meningitis. Critical Care Medicine 30:11, 2553-2559
CrossRef277
Valéria Perez-de-Sá, Roger Roscher, Doris Cunha-Goncalves, Anders Larsson, Olof Werner. (2002) Mild Hypothermia Has Minimal Effects on the Tolerance to Severe Progressive Normovolemic Anemia in Swine. Anesthesiology 97:5, 1189-1197
CrossRef278
Kosaku Kinoshita, Katina Chatzipanteli, Ofelia F. Alonso, Mackenzie Howard, W. Dalton Dietrich. (2002) The effect of brain temperature on hemoglobin extravasation after traumatic brain injury. Journal of Neurosurgery 97:4, 945-953
CrossRef279
Xianren Wu, Jason Stezoski, Peter Safar, Wilhelm Behringer, Rainer Kentner, Patrick M. Kochanek, Samuel A. Tisherman. (2002) Systemic Hypothermia, but Not Regional Gut Hypothermia, Improves Survival from Prolonged Hemorrhagic Shock in Rats. The Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care 53:4, 654-662
CrossRef280
Masatoshi Yunoki, Shinsaku Nishio, Naoya Ukita, Matthew J. Anzivino, Kevin S. Lee. (2002) Characteristics of hypothermic preconditioning influencing the induction of delayed ischemic tolerance. Journal of Neurosurgery 97:3, 650-657
CrossRef281
Hakan Guven, Ramazan Amanvermez, Zafer Malazgirt, Ekrem Kaya, Zahide Doganay, Cemil Celik, Kayhan Ozkan. (2002) Moderate Hypothermia Prevents Brain Stem Oxidative Stress Injury after Hemorrhagic Shock. The Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care 53:1, 66-72
CrossRef282
Brian J. D'Cruz, Kristofer C. Fertig, Anthony J. Filiano, Shawn D. Hicks, Donald B. DeFranco, Clifton W. Callaway. (2002) Hypothermic Reperfusion After Cardiac Arrest Augments Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Activation. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism843-851
CrossRef283
Donald W. Marion. (2002) Cytokines and therapeutic hypothermia *. Critical Care Medicine 30:7, 1666-1667
CrossRef284
M. Ross Bullock, Randall E. Merchant, Sung C. Choi, Charlotte B. Gilman, Jeffrey S. Kreutzer, Anthony Marmarou, Graham M. Teasdale. (2002) Outcome measures for clinical trials in neurotrauma. Neurosurgical FOCUS 13:1, 1-11
CrossRef285
Wilhelm Behringer, Peter Safar, Xianren Wu, Ala Nozari, Ali Abdullah, S.William Stezoski, Samuel A Tisherman. (2002) Veno-venous extracorporeal blood shunt cooling to induce mild hypothermia in dog experiments and review of cooling methods. Resuscitation 54:1, 89-98
CrossRef286
Ronen R Leker, Esther Shohami. (2002) Cerebral ischemia and trauma—different etiologies yet similar mechanisms: neuroprotective opportunities. Brain Research Reviews 39:1, 55-73
CrossRef287
Joseph Bampoe, Vitaly Siomin, Mark Bernstein. (2002) Quality-of-Life Assessment in Neurosurgical Patients. Neurosurgery Quarterly 12:2, 132-141
CrossRef288
John R. Bethea, Dalton W. Dietrich. (2002) Targeting the host inflammatory response in traumatic spinal cord injury. Current Opinion in Neurology 15:3, 355-360
CrossRef289
Raj K. Narayan, Mary Ellen Michel, Beth Ansell, Alex Baethmann, Anat Biegon, Michael B. Bracken, M. Ross Bullock, Sung C. Choi, Guy L. Clifton, Charles F. Contant, William M. Coplin, W. Dalton Dietrich, Jamshid Ghajar, Sean M. Grady, Robert G. Grossman, Edward D. Hall, William Heetderks, David A. Hovda, Jack Jallo, Russell L. Katz, Nachshon Knoller, Patrick M. Kochanek, Andrew I. Maas, Jeannine Majde, Donald W. Marion, Anthony Marmarou, Lawrence F. Marshall, Tracy K. McIntosh, Emmy Miller, Noel Mohberg, J. Paul Muizelaar, Lawrence H. Pitts, Peter Quinn, Gad Riesenfeld, Claudia S. Robertson, Kenneth I. Strauss, Graham Teasdale, Nancy Temkin, Ronald Tuma, Charles Wade, Michael D. Walker, Michael Weinrich, John Whyte, Jack Wilberger, A. Byron Young, Lorraine Yurkewicz. (2002) Clinical Trials in Head Injury. Journal of Neurotrauma 19:5, 503-557
CrossRef290
Kate Leslie, Andrew R. Bjorksten, Antony Ugoni, Peter Mitchell. (2002) Mild Core Hypothermia and Anesthetic Requirement for Loss of Responsiveness During Propofol Anesthesia for Craniotomy. Anesthesia & Analgesia 94:5, 1298-1303
CrossRef291
Hideki Ura, Yasufumi Asai, Kazuhisa Mori, Satoshi Nara, Masashi Yoshida, Yasushi Itoh. (2002) Total Necrosis of the Pancreas and Renal Cortex Secondary to Hypothermia Therapy. The Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care 52:5, 987-989
CrossRef292
Anthony E Kline, Bryan D Bolinger, Patrick M Kochanek, Timothy M Carlos, Hong Q Yan, Larry W Jenkins, Donald W Marion, C.Edward Dixon. (2002) Acute systemic administration of interleukin-10 suppresses the beneficial effects of moderate hypothermia following traumatic brain injury in rats. Brain Research 937:1-2, 22-31
CrossRef293
Chris J.S. Cairns, Peter J.D. Andrews. (2002) Management of hyperthermia in traumatic brain injury. Current Opinion in Critical Care 8:2, 106-110
CrossRef294
Myron D. Ginsberg. (2002) Therapeutic trials for traumatic brain injury—A journey in progress *. Critical Care Medicine 30:4, 935-936
CrossRef295
K STEVENSON, P ADELSON. (2002) Neurointensive care of the nonaccidentally injured child. Neurosurgery Clinics of North America 13:2, 213-226
CrossRef296
Eric A. Bedell, Donald S. Prough. (2002) Dexanabinol as a treatment for traumatic brain injury: Will another therapeutic promise be broken?*. Critical Care Medicine 30:3, 710-711
CrossRef297
Bernard, Stephen A., Gray, Timothy W., Buist, Michael D., Jones, Bruce M., Silvester, William, Gutteridge, Geoff, Smith, Karen, . (2002) Treatment of Comatose Survivors of Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest with Induced Hypothermia. New England Journal of Medicine 346:8, 557-563
Full Text298
Andreas Wladis, Robert G. Hahn, Bo Brismar, B. Thomas Kjellstr??m. (2002) Induced Hypothermia After High-Energy Soft-Tissue Injury and Subsequent Hemorrhagic Shock. Shock 17:2, 120-126
CrossRef299
Clifton W. Callaway, Scott C Tadler, Laurence M Katz, Christopher L Lipinski, Eric Brader. (2002) Feasibility of external cranial cooling during out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Resuscitation 52:2, 159-165
CrossRef300
Jan De Witte, Daniel I. Sessler. (2002) Perioperative Shivering. Anesthesiology 96:2, 467-484
CrossRef301
Sang-Bum Hong, Younsuck Koh, Tae-Sun Shim, Sang D. Lee, Woo S. Kim, Dong S. Kim, Won D. Kim, Chae-Man Lim. (2002) Physiologic Characteristics of Cold Perfluorocarbon-Induced Hypothermia During Partial Liquid Ventilation in Normal Rabbits. Anesthesia & Analgesia 94:1, 157-162
CrossRef302
Midori A. Yenari, Satoshi Iwayama, Danye Cheng, Guo Hua Sun, Miki Fujimura, Yuiko Morita-Fujimura, Pak H. Chan, Gary K. Steinberg. (2002) Mild Hypothermia Attenuates Cytochrome C Release but Does Not Alter Bcl-2 Expression or Caspase Activation After Experimental Stroke. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism29-38
CrossRef303
David E. Persse, Brian S. Zachariah, Jane G. Wigginton. (2002) M ANAGING THE P OST - RESUSCITATION P ATIENT IN THE F IELD. Prehospital Emergency Care 6:1, 114-122
CrossRef304
Laurence M. Katz, Yuanfan Wang, Beth McMahon, Elliott Richelson. (2001) Neurotensin Analog NT69L Induces Rapid and Prolonged Hypothermia after Hypoxic Ischemia. Academic Emergency Medicine 8:12, 1115-1121
CrossRef305
Susan A. Stern. (2001) Low-volume fluid resuscitation for presumed hemorrhagic shock: helpful or harmful?. Current Opinion in Critical Care 7:6, 422-430
CrossRef306
Said Hachimi-Idrissi, Luc Corne, Guy Ebinger, Yvette Michotte, Luc Huyghens. (2001) Mild hypothermia induced by a helmet device: a clinical feasibility study. Resuscitation 51:3, 275-281
CrossRef307
Deh-Ming Chang. (2001) Slow rewarming: A cool model of posttraumatic hypothermia. Critical Care Medicine 29:11, 2224-2225
CrossRef308
Yoshitaro Matsushita, Helen M. Bramlett, Ofelia Alonso, W. Dalton Dietrich. (2001) Posttraumatic hypothermia is neuroprotective in a model of traumatic brain injury complicated by a secondary hypoxic insult. Critical Care Medicine 29:11, 2060-2066
CrossRef309
L. Zhu, C. Diao. (2001) Theoretical simulation of temperature distribution in the brain during mild hypothermia treatment for brain injury. Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing 39:6, 681-687
CrossRef310
Tomoki Hashimoto, William L. Young. (2001) Anesthesia-related considerations for cerebral arteriovenous malformations. Neurosurgical FOCUS 11:5, 1-6
CrossRef311
Alina M. Grigore, Joseph Mathew, Hilary P. Grocott, Joseph G. Reves, James A. Blumenthal, William D. White, Peter K. Smith, Robert H. Jones, Jerry L. Kirchner, Daniel B. Mark, Mark F. Newman. (2001) Prospective Randomized Trial of Normothermic versus Hypothermic Cardiopulmonary Bypass on Cognitive Function after Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery. Anesthesiology 95:5, 1110-1119
CrossRef312
Ian T. Sutcliffe, Holly A. Smith, Danica Stanimirovic, James S. Hutchison. (2001) Effects of Moderate Hypothermia on IL-1?????Induced Leukocyte Rolling and Adhesion in Pial Microcirculation of Mice and on Proinflammatory Gene Expression in Human Cerebral Endothelial Cells. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism1310-1319
CrossRef313
Masoud Mokhtarani, Adel N. Mahgoub, Nobutada Morioka, Anthony G. Doufas, Michael Dae, Thomas E. Shaughnessy, Andrew R. Bjorksten, Daniel I. Sessler. (2001) Buspirone and Meperidine Synergistically Reduce the Shivering Threshold. Anesthesia & Analgesia 93:5, 1233-1239
CrossRef314
Weizhao Zhao, Ofelia F. Alonso, Judith Y. Loor, Raul Busto, Myron D. Ginsberg. (2001) Influence of early posttraumatic hypothermia therapy on local cerebral blood flow and glucose metabolism after fluid-percussion brain injury. Neurosurgical FOCUS 11:4, 510-519
CrossRef315
Hushan Ao, Jon K. Moon, Masafumi Tashiro, Hidenori Terasaki. (2001) Delayed platelet dysfunction in prolonged induced canine hypothermia. Resuscitation 51:1, 83-90
CrossRef316
Kelly L Drew, Margaret E Rice, Thomas B Kuhn, Mark A Smith. (2001) Neuroprotective adaptations in hibernation: therapeutic implications for ischemia-reperfusion, traumatic brain injury and neurodegenerative diseases. Free Radical Biology and Medicine 31:5, 563-573
CrossRef317
Thorsten Steiner, Ralf Weber, Derk Krieger. (2001) Increased intracerebral pressure following stroke. Current Treatment Options in Neurology 3:5, 441-450
CrossRef318
MARIANNE THORESEN, SAULIUS SATAS, ELSE MARIT L??BERG, ANDREW WHITELAW, DOMINIQUE ACOLET, CARL LINDGREN, JULIET PENRICE, NICOLA ROBERTSON, EGIL HAUG, AND, PETTER ANDREAS STEEN. (2001) Twenty-Four Hours of Mild Hypothermia in Unsedated Newborn Pigs Starting after a Severe Global Hypoxic-Ischemic Insult Is Not Neuroprotective. Pediatric Research 50:3, 405-411
CrossRef319
Rajiv Jalan, Steven W.M. Olde Damink. (2001) Hypothermia for the management of intracranial hypertension in acute liver failure. Current Opinion in Critical Care 7:4, 257-262
CrossRef320
Steven B. Harris, Michael G. Darwin, Sandra R. Russell, Joan M. O'Farrell, Mike Fletcher, Brian Wowk. (2001) Rapid (0.5°C/min) minimally invasive induction of hypothermia using cold perfluorochemical lung lavage in dogs. Resuscitation 50:2, 189-204
CrossRef321
Chen-Guang Yu, Jonathan Jagid, Gladys Ruenes, W. Dalton Dietrich, Alex E. Marcillo, Robert P. Yezierski. (2001) Detrimental Effects of Systemic Hyperthermia on Locomotor Function and Histopathological Outcome after Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury in the Rat. Neurosurgery 49:1, 152-159
CrossRef322
James E. Cottrell, John Hartung. (2001) A Case In Point. Journal of Neurosurgical Anesthesiology 13:3, 187-188
CrossRef323
Fang Zhou, Xiongwei Zhu, Rudy J. Castellani, Raphaela Stimmelmayr, George Perry, Mark A. Smith, Kelly L. Drew. (2001) Hibernation, a Model of Neuroprotection. The American Journal of Pathology 158:6, 2145-2151
CrossRef324
T??lin Alkan, Ahmet Bekar, Ender Korfali. (2001) Hypothermia in Neuronal Protection. Neurosurgery Quarterly 11:2, 96-111
CrossRef325
Philip Eisenburger, Fritz Sterz, Michael Holzer, Andrea Zeiner, Wolfdieter Scheinecker, Christof Havel, Heidrun Losert. (2001) Therapeutic hypothermia after cardiac arrest. Current Opinion in Critical Care 7:3, 184-188
CrossRef326
Kyra J. Becker. (2001) Targeting the central nervous system inflammatory response in ischemic stroke. Current Opinion in Neurology 14:3, 349-353
CrossRef327
(2001) Hypothermia. Journal of Neurosurgery 94:5,
CrossRef328
Michael R. Ujhelyi, J. Jason Sims, Stevin A. Dubin, John Vender, Allison Winecoff Miller. (2001) Defibrillation energy requirements and electrical heterogeneity during total body hypothermia. Critical Care Medicine 29:5, 1006-1011
CrossRef329
Kees H. Polderman, Saskia M. Peerdeman, Armand R. J. Girbes. (2001) Hypophosphatemia and hypomagnesemia induced by cooling in patients with severe head injury. Journal of Neurosurgery 94:5, 697-705
CrossRef330
Rainer G. Gedeit. (2001) Chapter Nine: Medical Management of the Shaken Infant. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma 5:1, 155-171
CrossRef331
John J. Barbaccia, Janet M. Williams. (2001) The acute management of head injury. Current Opinion in Anaesthesiology 14:2, 227-231
CrossRef332
Kazuhisa Mori, Jota Saito, Yoshiaki Kurata, Yoshihiro Takeyama, Yasushi Itoh, Masamitsu Kaneko, Yasufumi Asai, Francis P. Renzi, Eric W. Dickson. (2001) Rapid Development of Brain Hypothermia Using Femoral—Carotid Bypass. Academic Emergency Medicine 8:4, 303-308
CrossRef333
I. A. Wilkins, D. K Menon, B. F. Matta. (2001) Management of comatose head-injured patients: are we getting any better?. Anaesthesia 56:4, 350-369
CrossRef334
Sylvain Palmer, Mary Kay Bader, Azhar Qureshi, Jacques Palmer, Thomas Shaver, Marcello Borzatta, Connie Stalcup. (2001) The Impact on Outcomes in a Community Hospital Setting of Using the AANS Traumatic Brain Injury Guidelines. The Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care 50:4, 657-664
CrossRef335
Philippe Gabriel Meyer, Sarah Ducrocq, Pierre Carli. (2001) Pediatric neurologic emergencies. Current Opinion in Critical Care 7:2, 81-87
CrossRef336
McJunkin, James E., de los Reyes, Emily C., Irazuzta, Jose E., Caceres, Manuel J., Khan, Raheel R., Minnich, Linda L., Fu, Kai D., Lovett, Gretchen D., Tsai, Theodore, Thompson, Ann, . (2001) La Crosse Encephalitis in Children. New England Journal of Medicine 344:11, 801-807
Full Text337
Eiichi Suehiro, John T. Povlishock. (2001) Exacerbation of traumatically induced axonal injury by rapid posthypothermic rewarming and attenuation of axonal change by cyclosporin A. Journal of Neurosurgery 94:3, 493-498
CrossRef338
Clifton, Guy L., Miller, Emmy R., Choi, Sung C., Levin, Harvey S., McCauley, Stephen, Smith, Kenneth R. Jr., Muizelaar, J. Paul, Wagner, Franklin C. Jr., Marion, Donald W., Luerssen, Thomas G., Chesnut, Randall M., Schwartz, Michael, . (2001) Lack of Effect of Induction of Hypothermia after Acute Brain Injury. New England Journal of Medicine 344:8, 556-563
Full Text339
Narayan, Raj K., . (2001) Hypothermia for Traumatic Brain Injury — A Good Idea Proved Ineffective. New England Journal of Medicine 344:8, 602-603
Full Text340
Carrie G. Markgraf, Guy L. Clifton, Michela Aguirre, Stephan F. Chaney, Cami Knox-Du Bois, Katherine Kennon, Nishi Verma. (2001) Injury Severity and Sensitivity to Treatment After Controlled Cortical Impact in Rats. Journal of Neurotrauma 18:2, 175-186
CrossRef341
Stephan Prueckner, Peter Safar, Rainer Kentner, Jason Stezoski, and Samuel A. Tisherman. (2001) Mild Hypothermia Increases Survival from Severe Pressure-Controlled Hemorrhagic Shock in Rats. The Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care 50:2, 253-262
CrossRef342
Carolina M. Maier, Guo Hua Sun, David Kunis, Midori A. Yenari, Gary K. Steinberg. (2001) Delayed induction and long-term effects of mild hypothermia in a focal model of transient cerebral ischemia: neurological outcome and infarct size. Journal of Neurosurgery 94:1, 90-96
CrossRef343
Simon R. Finfer, Jeremy Cohen. (2001) Severe traumatic brain injury. Resuscitation 48:1, 77-90
CrossRef344
Tadahiko Shiozaki, Toshiaki Hayakata, Mamoru Taneda, Yoshikazu Nakajima, Naoyuki Hashiguchi, Satoshi Fujimi, Yasushi Nakamori, Hiroshi Tanaka, Takeshi Shimazu, Hisashi Sugimoto. (2001) A multicenter prospective randomized controlled trial of the efficacy of mild hypothermia for severely head injured patients with low intracranial pressure. Journal of Neurosurgery 94:1, 50-54
CrossRef345
Hui Xu, Mayuki Aibiki, Keisuke Seki, Shinji Ogura, Satoshi Yokono, Kenji Ogli. (2000) Effects of induced hypothermia on renal sympathetic nerve activity and baroreceptor reflex in urethane-anesthetized rabbits. Critical Care Medicine 28:12, 3854-3860
CrossRef346
Frederick Colbourne, Dale Corbett, Zonghang Zhao, Jing Yang, Alastair M. Buchan. (2000) Prolonged but Delayed Postischemic Hypothermia: A Long-term Outcome Study in the Rat Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Model. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism1702-1708
CrossRef347
Mayuki Aibiki, Souichi Maekawa, Satoshi Yokono. (2000) Moderate hypothermia improves imbalances of thromboxane A2 and prostaglandin I2 production after traumatic brain injury in humans. Critical Care Medicine 28:12, 3902-3906
CrossRef348
Hong Qu Yan, Jianyun Yu, Anthony E. Kline, Peter Letart, Larry W. Jenkins, Donald W. Marion, C.Edward Dixon. (2000) Evaluation of combined fibroblast growth factor-2 and moderate hypothermia therapy in traumatically brain injured rats. Brain Research 887:1, 134-143
CrossRef349
Midori A. Yenari, David Onley, Maj Hedehus, Alexander deCrespigny, Guo Hua Sun, Michael E. Moseley, Gary K. Steinberg. (2000) Diffusion- and perfusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging of focal cerebral ischemia and cortical spreading depression under conditions of mild hypothermia. Brain Research 885:2, 208-219
CrossRef350
Kazuo Ishikawa, Hiroshi Tanaka, Tadahiko Shiozaki, Makoto Takaoka, Hiroshi Ogura, Masashi Kishi, Takeshi Shimazu, and Hisashi Sugimoto. (2000) Characteristics of Infection and Leukocyte Count in Severely Head-Injured Patients Treated with Mild Hypothermia. The Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care 49:5, 912-922
CrossRef351
Megan M. Kilpatrick, David W. Lowry, Andrew D. Firlik, Howard Yonas, Donald W. Marion. (2000) Hyperthermia in the Neurosurgical Intensive Care Unit. Neurosurgery 47:4, 850-856
CrossRef352
Ji-Yao Jiang, Ming-Kun Yu, Cheng Zhu. (2000) Effect of long-term mild hypothermia therapy in patients with severe traumatic brain injury: 1-year follow-up review of 87 cases. Journal of Neurosurgery 93:4, 546-549
CrossRef353
Robert W. Hickey, Howard Ferimer, Henry L. Alexander, Robert H. Garman, Clifton W. Callaway, Shawn Hicks, Peter Safar, Steven H. Graham, Patrick M. Kochanek. (2000) Delayed, spontaneous hypothermia reduces neuronal damage after asphyxial cardiac arrest in rats. Critical Care Medicine 28:10, 3511-3516
CrossRef354
(2000) Hypothermia and Severe Brain Injury. Journal of Neurosurgery 93:4,
CrossRef355
Jose E. Irazuzta, Robert Pretzlaff, Mark Rowin, Kevin Milam, Frank P. Zemlan, Basilia Zingarelli. (2000) Hypothermia as an adjunctive treatment for severe bacterial meningitis. Brain Research 881:1, 88-97
CrossRef356
Lawrence F. Marshall. (2000) Head Injury: Recent Past, Present, and Future. Neurosurgery 47:3, 546-561
CrossRef357
Courtney L. Robertson, Robert S. B. Clark, C. Edward Dixon, Henry L. Alexander, Steven H. Graham, Stephen R. Wisniewski, Donald W. Marion, Peter J. Safar, Patrick M. Kochanek. (2000) No long-term benefit from hypothermia after severe traumatic brain injury with secondary insult in rats. Critical Care Medicine 28:9, 3218-3223
CrossRef358
Ken Nagao, Nariyuki Hayashi, Katsuo Kanmatsuse, Ken Arima, Jyoji Ohtsuki, Kimio Kikushima, Ikuyoshi Watanabe. (2000) Cardiopulmonary cerebral resuscitation using emergency cardiopulmonary bypass, coronary reperfusion therapy and mild hypothermia in patients with cardiac arrest outside the hospital. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 36:3, 776-783
CrossRef359
Andrew I.R. Maas, Mark Dearden, Franco Servadei, Nino Stocchetti, Andreas Unterberg MD||. (2000) Current recommendations for neurotrauma. Current Opinion in Critical Care 6:4, 281-292
CrossRef360
Patrick M. Kochanek, Robert S.B. Clark, Randall A. Ruppel, P. David Adelson, Michael J. Bell, Michael J. Whalen, Courtney L. Robertson, Margaret A. Satchell, Neal A. Seidberg, Donald W. Marion, Larry W. Jenkins. (2000) Biochemical, cellular, and molecular mechanisms in the evolution of secondary damage after severe traumatic brain injury in infants and children: Lessons learned from the bedside. Pediatric Critical Care Medicine 1:1, 4-19
CrossRef361
Hushan Ao, Jon K. Moon, Hironari Tanimoto, Yuji Sakanashi, Hidenori Terasaki. (2000) Jugular vein temperature reflects brain temperature during hypothermia. Resuscitation 45:2, 111-118
CrossRef362
Uwe Ebmeyer, Peter Safar, Ann Radovsky, Feng Xiao, Antonio Capone, Koichi Tanigawa, S.William Stezoski. (2000) Thiopental combination treatments for cerebral resuscitation after prolonged cardiac arrest in dogs. Exploratory outcome study. Resuscitation 45:2, 119-131
CrossRef363
JoAnne E. Natale, Jill G. Joseph, Mark A. Helfaer, Donald H. Shaffner. (2000) Early hyperthermia after traumatic brain injury in children: Risk factors, influence on length of stay, and effect on short-term neurologic status. Critical Care Medicine2608-2615
CrossRef364
Brian S. King, Rajan Gupta, Raj K. Narayan. (2000) THE EARLY ASSESSMENT AND INTENSIVE CARE UNIT MANAGEMENT OF PATIENTS WITH SEVERE TRAUMATIC BRAIN AND SPINAL CORD INJURIES. Surgical Clinics of North America 80:3, 855-870
CrossRef365
(2000) Hypothermia and Head Injury. Journal of Neurosurgery 92:6,
CrossRef366
Jean-Louis Vincent. (2000) Which therapeutic interventions in critical care medicine have been shown to reduce mortality in prospective, randomized, clinical trials? A survey of candidates for the Belgian Board Examination in Intensive Care Medicine. Critical Care Medicine 28:5, 1616-1620
CrossRef367
Klemens Angstwurm, Stefanie Reu, Dorette Freyer, Guy Arnold, Ulrich Dirnagl, Ralf R. Schumann, Joerg R. Weber. (2000) Induced Hypothermia in Experimental Pneumococcal Meningitis. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism834-838
CrossRef368
Nicola Latronico, Andrea E. Beindorf, Frank A. Rasulo, Paolo Febbrari, Roberto Stefini, Claudio Cornali, Andrea Candiani. (2000) Limits of Intermittent Jugular Bulb Oxygen Saturation Monitoring in the Management of Severe Head Trauma Patients. Neurosurgery 46:5, 1131-1139
CrossRef369
Emanuela Keller, Thorsten Steiner, Javier Fandino, Stefan Schwab, Werner Hacke. (2000) Changes in cerebral blood flow and oxygen metabolism during moderate hypothermia in patients with severe middle cerebral artery infarction. Neurosurgical FOCUS 8:5, 1-4
CrossRef370
Perttu J. Lindsberg, Risto O. Roine, Turgut Tatlisumak, Tiina Sairanen, Markku Kaste. (2000) THE FUTURE OF STROKE TREATMENT. Neurologic Clinics 18:2, 495-510
CrossRef371
Satoshi Asai, Heng Zhao, Tadashi Kohno, Yasuo Takahashi, Toshihito Nagata, Koichi Ishikawa. (2000) Quantitative evaluation of extracellular glutamate concentration in postischemic glutamate re-uptake, dependent on brain temperature, in the rat following severe global brain ischemia. Brain Research 864:1, 60-68
CrossRef372
Soichiro Kondo, Yoshikazu Okada, Hiroshi Iseki, Tomokatsu Hori, Kintomo Takakura, Akira Kobayashi, Hirokazu Nagata. (2000) Thermological Study of Drilling Bone Tissue with a High-speed Drill. Neurosurgery 46:5, 1162-1168
CrossRef373
Dale Corbett, Mark Hamilton, Frederick Colbourne. (2000) Persistent Neuroprotection with Prolonged Postischemic Hypothermia in Adult Rats Subjected to Transient Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion. Experimental Neurology 163:1, 200-206
CrossRef374
Shumpei Yokota,, Tomoyuki Imagawa,, Takako Miyamae,, Shu-Ichi Ito,, Shoko Nakajima,, Atsuo Nezu, Masaaki Mori. (2000) Hypothetical pathophysiology of acute encephalopathy and encephalitis related to influenza virus infection and hypothermia therapy. Pediatrics International 42:2, 197-203
CrossRef375
Susan Fletcher, Arthur M. Lam. (2000) Improving outcome for the injured brain and spinal cord. Current Opinion in Anaesthesiology 13:2, 155-160
CrossRef376
UNKNOWN. (2000) Full Length Article. Annales Françaises d’Anesthésie et de Réanimation 19:4, 326-332
CrossRef377
Charles E. Smith, Roderick A. Yamat. (2000) Avoiding hypothermia in the trauma patient. Current Opinion in Anaesthesiology 13:2, 167-174
CrossRef378
KATINA CHATZIPANTELI, YOUICHI YANAGAWA, ALEXANDER E. MARCILLO, SUSAN KRAYDIEH, ROBERT P. YEZIERSKI, W. DALTON DIETRICH. (2000) Posttraumatic Hypothermia Reduces Polymorphonuclear Leukocyte Accumulation Following Spinal Cord Injury in Rats. Journal of Neurotrauma 17:4, 321-332
CrossRef379
Michael J. Whalen, Timothy M. Carlos, Patrick M. Kochanek, Stephen R. Wisniewski, Michael J. Bell, Robert S.B. Clark, Steven T. DeKosky, Donald W. Marion, P. David Adelson. (2000) Interleukin-8 is increased in cerebrospinal fluid of children with severe head injury. Critical Care Medicine 28:4, 929-934
CrossRef380
Alistair Jan Gunn. (2000) Cerebral hypothermia for prevention of brain injury following perinatal asphyxia. Current Opinion in Pediatrics 12:2, 111-115
CrossRef381
Reinhard Bauer, Harald Fritz, Bernd Walter, Olaf Schlonski, Thomas Jochum, Dirk Hoyer, Ulrich Zwiener, Konrad Reinhart. (2000) Effect of mild hypothermia on cerebral oxygen uptake during gradual cerebral perfusion pressure decrease in piglets. Critical Care Medicine 28:4, 1128-1135
CrossRef382
Andres Blei. (2000) Hypothermia for fulminant hepatic failure: A cool approach to a burning problem. Liver Transplantation 6:2, 245-247
CrossRef383
Thomas Frietsch, Peter Krafft, Axel Piepgras, Christian Lenz, Wolfgang Kuschinsky, Klaus F. Waschke. (2000) Relationship between Local Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism during Mild and Moderate Hypothermia in Rats. Anesthesiology 92:3, 754-763
CrossRef384
UNKNOWN. (2000) Full Length Article. Annales Françaises d’Anesthésie et de Réanimation 19:3, 164-170
CrossRef385
Katina Chatzipanteli, Ofelia F. Alonso, Susan Kraydieh, W. Dalton Dietrich. (2000) Importance of Posttraumatic Hypothermia and Hyperthermia on the Inflammatory Response After Fluid Percussion Brain Injury: Biochemical and Immunocytochemical Studies. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism531-542
CrossRef386
Gary K. Steinberg, Steven D. Chang, Robert J. Gewirtz, Jaime R. Lopez. (2000) Microsurgical Resection of Brainstem, Thalamic, and Basal Ganglia Angiographically Occult Vascular Malformations. Neurosurgery 46:2, 260
CrossRef387
Audrée A. Bendo, Katarzyna Luba. (2000) Recent Changes in the Management of Intracranial Hypertension. International Anesthesiology Clinics 38:4, 69-85
CrossRef388
Shuji Kamano. (2000) Are steroids really ineffective for severely head injured patients?. Neurosurgical FOCUS 8:1, 1-5
CrossRef389
Marcel E. Durieux. (2000) Pathophysiology of cerebral inflammation. European Journal of Anaesthesiology 17:Supplement 18, 7-8
CrossRef390
Christian K. Spiss, Udo M. Illievich. (2000) Mild and moderate hypothermia for neuroprotection. European Journal of Anaesthesiology 17:Supplement 18, 22-24
CrossRef391
Pil W. Huh, Ludmila Belayev, Weizhao Zhao, Sebastian Koch, Raul Busto, Myron D. Ginsberg. (2000) Comparative neuroprotective efficacy of prolonged moderate intraischemic and postischemic hypothermia in focal cerebral ischemia. Journal of Neurosurgery 92:1, 91-99
CrossRef392
S.D. Playfor, David A. Thomas, Imti Choonara. (2000) The effect of induced hypothermia on the duration of action of atracurium when given by infusion to critically ill children. Pediatric Anesthesia 10:1, 83-88
CrossRef393
Kevin J. Gibbons. (2000) Science and surveys in the treatment of head injuries. Critical Care Medicine 28:1, 256-257
CrossRef394
Stefan Schwab. (2000) Hypothermia in severe stroke. European Journal of Anaesthesiology 17:Supplement 18, 60-64
CrossRef395
Peter Safar. (2000) On the Future of Reanimatology. Academic Emergency Medicine 7:1, 75-89
CrossRef396
Yasuaki Mizushima, Ping Wang, William G. Cioffi, Kirby I. Bland, Irshad H. Chaudry. (2000) Should Normothermia Be Restored and Maintained during Resuscitation after Trauma and Hemorrhage?. The Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care 48:1, 58
CrossRef397
Peter B. Letarte. (1999) NEUROTRAUMA CARE IN THE NEW MILLENNIUM. Surgical Clinics of North America 79:6, 1449-1470
CrossRef398
Jing-Hui Xue, Kohsuke Nonoguchi, Manabu Fukumoto, Tsukasa Sato, Hiroyuki Nishiyama, Hiroaki Higashitsuji, Katsuhiko Itoh, Jun Fujita. (1999) Effects of ischemia and H2O2 on the cold stress protein CIRP expression in rat neuronal cells. Free Radical Biology and Medicine 27:11-12, 1238-1244
CrossRef399
N.M. Dearden, A.D. Fale. (1999) Medical management of head injury and neuroprotection. Best Practice & Research Clinical Anaesthesiology 13:4, 659-673
CrossRef400
Andres T Blei. (1999) Hypothermia for hypertension. The Lancet 354:9195, 2082
CrossRef401
Samuel A. Tisherman, Aurelio Rodriguez, Peter Safar. (1999) THERAPEUTIC HYPOTHERMIA IN TRAUMATOLOGY. Surgical Clinics of North America 79:6, 1269-1289
CrossRef402
Jose E. Irazuzta, James Olson, Matthew P. Kiefaber, Hector Wong. (1999) Hypothermia decreases excitatory neurotransmitter release in bacterial meningitis in rabbits. Brain Research 847:1, 143-148
CrossRef403
M Correia, M Silva, M Veloso, Manuel Correia. 1999. Cooling therapy for acute stroke. .
CrossRef404
Yasuyuki Kuwagata, Jun Oda, Norihisa Ninomiya, Tadahiko Shiozaki, Takeshi Shimazu, Hisashi Sugimoto. (1999) Changes in Left Ventricular Performance in Patients with Severe Head Injury during and after Mild Hypothermia. The Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care 47:4, 666
CrossRef405
Howard J Nathan. (1999) The potential benefits of perioperative hypothermia. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 68:4, 1452-1453
CrossRef406
Rajiv Jalan, Steven WMO Damink, Nicolaas EP Deutz, Alistair Lee, Peter C Hayes. (1999) Moderate hypothermia for uncontrolled intracranial hypertension in acute liver failure. The Lancet 354:9185, 1164-1168
CrossRef407
Helmut Maxeiner, Claudia Spies, B. Irnich, Mario Brock. (1999) Rupture of Several Parasagittal Bridging Veins without Subdural Bleeding. The Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care 47:3, 606-610
CrossRef408
András Büki, Hiroyasu Koizumi, John T. Povlishock. (1999) Moderate Posttraumatic Hypothermia Decreases Early Calpain-Mediated Proteolysis and Concomitant Cytoskeletal Compromise in Traumatic Axonal Injury. Experimental Neurology 159:1, 319-328
CrossRef409
ALISTAIR J. GUNN, LAURA BENNET, MARK I. GUNNING, PETER D. GLUCKMAN, TANIA R. GUNN. (1999) Cerebral Hypothermia Is Not Neuroprotective When Started after Postischemic Seizures in Fetal Sheep. Pediatric Research 46:3, 274-280
CrossRef410
M. Ross Bullock, Bruce G. Lyeth, J. Paul Muizelaar. (1999) Current Status of Neuroprotection Trials for Traumatic Brain Injury: Lessons from Animal Models and Clinical Studies. Neurosurgery 45:2, 207
CrossRef411
Tadahiko Shiozaki, Amami Kato, Mamoru Taneda, Toshiaki Hayakata, Naoyuki Hashiguchi, Hiroshi Tanaka, Takeshi Shimazu, Hisashi Sugimoto. (1999) Little benefit from mild hypothermia therapy for severely head injured patients with low intracranial pressure. Journal of Neurosurgery 91:2, 185-191
CrossRef412
Mayuki Aibiki, Souichi Maekawa, Takashi Nishiyama, Keisuke Seki, Satoshi Yokono. (1999) Activated cytokine production in patients with accidental hypothermia. Resuscitation 41:3, 263-268
CrossRef413
Gernot Kuhnen, Reinhard Bauer, Bernd Walter. (1999) Controlled brain hypothermia by extracorporeal carotid blood cooling at normothermic trunk temperatures in pigs. Journal of Neuroscience Methods 89:2, 167-174
CrossRef414
Kusum Kumar. (1999) Hypoxic-ischemic brain damage in perinatal age group. The Indian Journal of Pediatrics 66:4, 475-482
CrossRef415
LIFANG SHAO, JOHN R. CIALLELLA, HONG QU YAN, XIECHENG MA, BRIAN M. WOLFSON, DONALD W. MARION, STEVEN T. DEKOSKY, C. EDWARD DIXON. (1999) Differential Effects of Traumatic Brain Injury on Vesicular Acetylcholine Transporter and M 2 Muscarinic Receptor mRNA and Protein in Rat. Journal of Neurotrauma 16:7, 555-566
CrossRef416
Richard J. Mullins. (1999) EDITORIAL COMMENT. The Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care 46:6, 1076-1077
CrossRef417
LUDMILA BELAYEV, OFELIA F. ALONSO, PIL W. HUH, WEIZHAO ZHAO, RAUL BUSTO, MYRON D. GINSBERG. (1999) Posttreatment With High-Dose Albumin Reduces Histopathological Damage and Improves Neurological Deficit Following Fluid Percussion Brain Injury in Rats. Journal of Neurotrauma 16:6, 445-453
CrossRef418
Andrew M. Demchuk, Derk W. Krieger. (1999) Mass effect with cerebral infarction. Current Treatment Options in Neurology 1:3, 189-199
CrossRef419
MASAYUKI YAMAMOTO, CHRISTINA R. MARMAROU, MICHAEL F. STIEFEL, ANDREW BEAUMONT, ANTHONY MARMAROU. (1999) Neuroprotective Effect of Hypothermia on Neuronal Injury in Diffuse Traumatic Brain Injury Coupled With Hypoxia and Hypotension. Journal of Neurotrauma 16:6, 487-500
CrossRef420
Kazuo Ishikawa, Hiroshi Tanaka, Makoto Takaoka, Hiroshi Ogura, Tadahiko Shiozaki, Hideo Hosotsubo, Takeshi Shimazu, Toshiharu Yoshioka, Hisashi Sugimoto. (1999) Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor Ameliorates Life-Threatening Infections after Combined Therapy with Barbiturates and Mild Hypothermia in Patients with Severe Head Injuries. The Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care 46:6, 999-1008
CrossRef421
Daniel Talmor, Leonid Roytblat, Yoram Shapira, Alan A. Artru. (1999) Are Vasopressors Beneficial After Cranial Trauma?. Anesthesia & Analgesia 88:6, 1423-1424
CrossRef422
Motohiro Morioka, Jun-Ichiro Hamada, Yukitaka Ushio, Eishichi Miyamoto. (1999) Potential role of calcineurin for brain ischemia and traumatic injury. Progress in Neurobiology 58:1, 1-30
CrossRef423
James E. Cottrell. (1999) The brain as a central key organ. European Journal of Anaesthesiology 16:6, 353-358
CrossRef424
Philip Eisenburger, Peter Safar. (1999) Life supporting first aid training of the public—review and recommendations. Resuscitation 41:1, 3-18
CrossRef425
Wen Ru Yu, Hans Westergren, Mohammad Farooque, Anders Holtz, Yngve Olsson. (1999) Systemic hypothermia following compression injury of rat spinal cord: An immunohistochemical study on the expression of vimentin and GFAP. Neuropathology 19:2, 172-180
CrossRef426
Annette J.M. Davis, Bruno Bissonnette. (1999) Thermal regulation and mild intraoperative hypothermia. Current Opinion in Anaesthesiology 12:3, 303-309
CrossRef427
Michael J. Whalen, Timothy M. Carlos, Robert S. B. Clark, Patrick M. Kochanek. (1999) An acute inflammatory response to the use of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor to prevent infections in patients with brain injury. Critical Care Medicine 27:5, 1014-1018
CrossRef428
J MANTZ. (1999) Effets neuroprotecteurs des agents anesthésiques. Annales Françaises d’Anesthésie et de Réanimation 18:5, 588-592
CrossRef429
Yoshiyuki Mitsui, James D. Schmelzer, Paula J. Zollman, Manami Mitsui, Mikihiro Kihara, Phillip A. Low. (1999) Hypothermic neuroprotection of peripheral nerve of rats from ischemia–reperfusion injury: intraischemic vs. reperfusion hypothermia. Brain Research 827:1-2, 63-69
CrossRef430
Andrew J. Baker. (1999) Management of the severely head injured patient. Canadian Journal of Anesthesia/Journal canadien d'anesthésie 46:S5, R35-R45
CrossRef431
Katina Chatzipanteli, Kojiro Wada, Raul Busto, W. Dalton Dietrich. (1999) Effects of Moderate Hypothermia on Constitutive and Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Activities After Traumatic Brain Injury in the Rat. Journal of Neurochemistry 72:5, 2047-2052
CrossRef432
William L. Lanier. (1999) The prevention and treatment of cerebral ischemia. Canadian Journal of Anesthesia/Journal canadien d'anesthésie 46:S5, R46-R56
CrossRef433
T Takata, M Hirakawa, M Sakurai, I Kanazawa. (1999) Fulminant form of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis: successful treatment with hypothermia. Journal of the Neurological Sciences 165:1, 94-97
CrossRef434
N CLAVIER. (1999) Rôle protecteur de l'hypothermie dans l'ischémie cérébrale. Annales Françaises d’Anesthésie et de Réanimation 18:5, 593-598
CrossRef435
EIICHI SUEHIRO, HIROSUKE FUJISAWA, HARUHIDE ITO, TOSHIZO ISHIKAWA, TSUYOSHI MAEKAWA. (1999) Brain Temperature Modifies Glutamate Neurotoxicity In Vivo. Journal of Neurotrauma 16:4, 285-297
CrossRef436
R MOON. (1999) TREATMENT OF DIVING EMERGENCIES. Critical Care Clinics 15:2, 429-456
CrossRef437
D. Hansen, R. Syben, O. Vargas, C. Spies, M. Welte. (1999) The Alveolar-Arterial Difference in Oxygen Tension Increases with Temperature-Corrected Determination During Moderate Hypothermia. Anesthesia & Analgesia 88:3, 538-541
CrossRef438
Weizhao Zhao, Ofelia F. Alonso, Judith Y. Loor, Raul Busto, Myron D. Ginsberg. (1999) Influence of early posttraumatic hypothermia therapy on cerebral blood flow and glucose metabolism after fluid-percussion brain injury. Journal of Neurosurgery 90:3, 510-519
CrossRef439
Juan Córdoba, Jeffrey Crespin, Jeanne Gottstein, Andrés T. Blei. (1999) Mild hypothermia modifies ammonia-induced brain edema in rats after portacaval anastomosis. Gastroenterology 116:3, 686-693
CrossRef440
MAYUKI AIBIKI, SOUICHI MAEKAWA, SHINJI OGURA, YOSHIHIRO KINOSHITA, NOBUYUKI KAWAI, SATOSHI YOKONO. (1999) Effect of Moderate Hypothermia on Systemic and Internal Jugular Plasma IL-6 Levels After Traumatic Brain Injury in Humans. Journal of Neurotrauma 16:3, 225-232
CrossRef441
Taro Kaibara, Garnette R. Sutherland, Fred Colbourne, Randy L. Tyson. (1999) Hypothermia: depression of tricarboxylic acid cycle flux and evidence for pentose phosphate shunt upregulation. Journal of Neurosurgery 90:2, 339-347
CrossRef442
Karla S. Ahrns, Deborah R. Harkins. (1999) Initial Resuscitation After Burn Injury: Therapies, Strategies, and Controversies. AACN Clinical Issues: Advanced Practice in Acute and Critical Care 10:1, 46-60
CrossRef443
Reinhard Bauer, Bernd Walter, Harald Fritz, Ulrich Zwiener. (1999) Ontogenetic aspects of traumatic brain edema — facts and suggestions. Experimental and Toxicologic Pathology 51:2, 143-150
CrossRef444
A. Obaid Shakil, George V. Mazariegos, David J. Kramer. (1999) FULMINANT HEPATIC FAILURE. Surgical Clinics of North America 79:1, 77-108
CrossRef445
Takahiro Maeda, Kiyotaka Hashizume, Tatsuya Tanaka. (1999) Effect of hypothermia on kainic acid-induced limbic seizures: an electroencephalographic and -deoxyglucose autoradiographic study. Brain Research 818:2, 228-235
CrossRef446
Ansgar M. Brambrink, Rebecca N. Ichord, Lee J. Martin, Raymond C. Koehler, Richard J. Traystman. (1999) Poor outcome after hypoxia-ischemia in newborns is associated with physiological abnormalities during early recovery. Experimental and Toxicologic Pathology 51:2, 151-162
CrossRef447
Geert Sulter, Jacques De Keyser. (1999) From stroke unit care to stroke care unit. Journal of the Neurological Sciences 162:1, 1-5
CrossRef448
L.W Jenkins, Y.-C Lu, W.E Johnston, B.G Lyeth, D.S Prough. (1999) Combined therapy affects outcomes differentially after mild traumatic brain injury and secondary forebrain ischemia in rats. Brain Research 817:1-2, 132-144
CrossRef449
Bradley J. Hindman, Michael M. Todd, Adrian W. Gelb, Christopher M. Loftus, Rosemary A. Craen, Armin Schubert, Michael E. Mahla, James C. Torner. (1999) Mild Hypothermia as a Protective Therapy during Intracranial Aneurysm Surgery: A Randomized Prospective Pilot Trial. Neurosurgery 44:1, 23-32
CrossRef450
M. Imamura, T. Matsukawa, M. Ozaki, D. I. Sessler, T. Nishiyama, T. Kumazawa. (1998) The accuracy and precision of four infrared aural canal thermometers during cardiac surgery. Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica 42:10, 1222-1226
CrossRef451
Youichi Yanagawa, Satoshi Ishihara, Hirofumi Norio, Masaya Takino, Masato Kawakami, Akira Takasu, Ken Okamoto, Naoyuki Kaneko, Chikanori Terai, Yoshiaki Okada. (1998) Preliminary clinical outcome study of mild resuscitative hypothermia after out-of-hospital cardiopulmonary arrest. Resuscitation 39:1-2, 61-66
CrossRef452
HANS WESTERGREN, ANDERS HOLTZ, MOHAMMAD FAROOQUE, WEN RU YU, YNGVE OLSSON. (1998) Systemic Hypothermia After Spinal Cord Compression Injury in the Rat: Does Recorded Temperature in Accessible Organs Reflect the Intramedullary Temperature in the Spinal Cord?. Journal of Neurotrauma 15:11, 943-954
CrossRef453
Alistair J. Gunn, Tania R. Gunn. (1998) The `pharmacology' of neuronal rescue with cerebral hypothermia. Early Human Development 53:1, 19-35
CrossRef454
Thomas Brüssel. (1998) Anaesthetic considerations for acute spinal cord injury. Current Opinion in Anaesthesiology 11:5, 467-472
CrossRef455
Peter J.D. Andrews. (1998) Head injury: complications and management. Current Opinion in Anaesthesiology 11:5, 473-477
CrossRef456
Kiyoshi Kataoka, Hisato Yanase. (1998) Mild hypothermia—a revived countermeasure against ischemic neuronal damages. Neuroscience Research 32:2, 103-117
CrossRef457
TRACY K. McINTOSH, MARIANNE JUHLER, TADEUSZ WIELOCH. (1998) Novel Pharmacologic Strategies in the Treatment of Experimental Traumatic Brain Injury: 1998. Journal of Neurotrauma 15:10, 731-769
CrossRef458
David K. Menon, Andrew C. Summors. (1998) Neuroprotection (including hypothermia). Current Opinion in Anaesthesiology 11:5, 485-496
CrossRef459
Eric A. Bedell, Donald S. Prough. (1998) Should Induced Hypertension Be Beneficial After Traumatic Brain Injury?. Anesthesia & Analgesia 87:4, 751-753
CrossRef460
E.S. Vizi. (1998) Different temperature dependence of carrier-mediated (cytoplasmic) and stimulus-evoked (exocytotic) release of transmitter: a simple method to separate the two types of release. Neurochemistry International 33:4, 359-366
CrossRef461
Tadahiko Shiozaki, Hisashi Sugimoto, Mamoru Taneda, Jun Oda, Hiroshi Tanaka, Atsushi Hiraide, Takeshi Shimazu. (1998) Selection of severely head injured patients for mild hypothermia therapy. Journal of Neurosurgery 89:2, 206-211
CrossRef462
Hiroyasu Koizumi, John T. Povlishock. (1998) Posttraumatic hypothermia in the treatment of axonal damage in an animal model of traumatic axonal injury. Journal of Neurosurgery 89:2, 303-309
CrossRef463
David A. Spain, Laura H. McIlvoy, Susanne E. Fix, Eddy H. Carrillo, Phillip W. Boaz, John E. Harpring, George H. Raque, Frank B. Miller. (1998) Effect of a Clinical Pathway for Severe Traumatic Brain Injury on Resource Utilization. The Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care 45:1, 101-105
CrossRef464
Philip F Stahel, Maria C Morganti-Kossmann, Thomas Kossmann. (1998) The role of the complement system in traumatic brain injury. Brain Research Reviews 27:3, 243-256
CrossRef465
John R. Ciallella, Hong Q. Yan, Xiecheng Ma, Brian M. Wolfson, Donald W. Marion, Steven T. DeKosky, C.Edward Dixon. (1998) Chronic Effects of Traumatic Brain Injury on Hippocampal Vesicular Acetylcholine Transporter and M2Muscarinic Receptor Protein in Rats. Experimental Neurology 152:1, 11-19
CrossRef466
C ALLEN, J WARD. (1998) AN EVIDENCE-BASED APPROACH TO MANAGEMENT OF INCREASED INTRACRANIAL PRESSURE. Critical Care Clinics 14:3, 485-495
CrossRef467
J. Berrouschot, M. Sterker, S. Bettin, J. Köster, D. Schneider. (1998) Mortality of space-occupying (‘malignant’) middle cerebral artery infarction under conservative intensive care. Intensive Care Medicine 24:6, 620-623
CrossRef468
Elizabeth H. Sinz, Patrick M. Kochanek, Melvyn P. Heyes, Stephen R. Wisniewski, Michael J. Bell, Robert S. B. Clark, Steven T. DeKosky, Andrew R. Blight, Donald W. Marion. (1998) Quinolinic Acid Is Increased in CSF and Associated With Mortality After Traumatic Brain Injury in Humans. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism610-615
CrossRef469
ELSA BONA, HENRIK HAGBERG, ELSE MARIT L??BERG, RALPH B??GENHOLM, MARIANNE THORESEN. (1998) Protective Effects of Moderate Hypothermia after Neonatal Hypoxia-Ischemia: Short- and Long-Term Outcome. Pediatric Research 43:6, 738-745
CrossRef470
Robert D. Bart, Seiji Takaoka, Robert D. Pearlstein, Franklin Dexter, David S. Warner. (1998) Interactions between Hypothermia and the Latency to Ischemic Depolarization. Anesthesiology 88:5, 1266-1273
CrossRef471
UWE EBMEYER, PETER SAFAR, ANN RADOVSKY, WALTER OBRIST, HENRY ALEXANDER, SHLOMO POMERANZ. (1998) Moderate Hypothermia for 48 Hours After Temporary Epidural Brain Compression Injury in a Canine Outcome Model. Journal of Neurotrauma 15:5, 323-336
CrossRef472
Christian Sitzwohl, Stephan C. Kettner, Andrea Reinprecht, Wolfgang Dietrich, Walter Klimscha, Peter Fridrich, Robert N. Sladen, Udo M. Illievich. (1998) The Arterial to End-Tidal Carbon Dioxide Gradient Increases with Uncorrected but Not with Temperature-Corrected PaCO2 Determination During Mild to Moderate Hypothermia. Anesthesia & Analgesia 86:5, 1131-1136
CrossRef473
Jack E. Wilberger. (1998) Comparison of Brain Temperature with Bladder and Rectal Temperatures in Adults with Severe Head Injury. Neurosurgery 42:5, 1075
CrossRef474
Richard A. Henker, Sharon Danielle Brown, Donald W. Marion. (1998) Comparison of Brain Temperature with Bladder and Rectal Temperatures in Adults with Severe Head Injury. Neurosurgery 42:5, 1071-1075
CrossRef475
Donald W. Marion. (1998) HEAD AND SPINAL CORD INJURY. Neurologic Clinics 16:2, 485-502
CrossRef476
Greg A. Howells, Diego A. Hernandez, Sarah L. Olt, Nicholas A. Tepe, Michelle Vogel. (1998) Blunt Injury of the Ascending Aorta and Aortic Arch. The Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care 44:4, 716-722
CrossRef477
Steven J. Allen, C. Lee Parmley. (1998) Current concepts in treatment of closed head injury. Current Opinion in Anaesthesiology 11:2, 141-145
CrossRef478
Christopher S. Rumana, Shankar P. Gopinath, Masahiko Uzura, Alex B. Valadka, Claudia S. Robertson. (1998) Brain temperature exceeds systemic temperature in head-injured patients. Critical Care Medicine 26:3, 562-567
CrossRef479
Douglas S. DeWitt, Donald S. Prough. (1998) Accurate measurement of brain temperature. Critical Care Medicine 26:3, 431-432
CrossRef480
M.Elizabeth Sandel, Kathleen R. Bell, Linda J. Michaud. (1998) 1. Traumatic brain injury: Prevention, pathophysiology, and outcome prediction. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 79:3, S3-S9
CrossRef481
Andreas Bacher, Jae Young Kwon, Mark H. Zornow. (1998) Effects of Temperature on Cerebral Tissue Oxygen Tension, Carbon Dioxide Tension, and pH during Transient Global Ischemia in Rabbits. Anesthesiology 88:2, 403-409
CrossRef482
Axel Piepgras, Harry Roth, Ludwig Sch??rer, Ren?? Tillmans, Michael Quintel, Peter Herrmann, Peter Schmiedek. (1998) Rapid Active Internal Core Cooling for Induction of Moderate Hypothermia in Head Injury by Use of an Extracorporeal Heat Exchanger. Neurosurgery 42:2, 311-317
CrossRef483
C. K. Spiss, U. M. Illievich. (1998) Hypothermia as neuroprotection. European Journal of Anaesthesiology 15:Supplement 17, 44-45
CrossRef484
D. S. Warner. (1998) Clinical relevance of animal models for cerebral ischaemia. European Journal of Anaesthesiology 15:Supplement 17, 12-14
CrossRef485
(1997) Neuroanesthesia and intensive care medicine: Cerebral ischemia. Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica 41, 89-99
CrossRef486
Robert S.B. Clark, Joseph A. Carcillo, Patrick M. Kochanek, Walter D. Obrist, Edwin K. Jackson, Zichuan Mi, Stephen R. Wisneiwski, Michael J. Bell, Donald W. Marion. (1997) Cerebrospinal Fluid Adenosine Concentration and Uncoupling of Cerebral Blood Flow and Oxidative Metabolism after Severe Head Injury in Humans. Neurosurgery 41:6, 1284-1293
CrossRef487
(1997) Cardiopulmonary and cerebral resuscitation: An update. Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica 41, 49-58
CrossRef488
Walpoth, Beat H., Walpoth-Aslan, Beyhan N., Mattle, Heinrich P., Radanov, Bogdan P., Schroth, Gerhard, Schaeffler, Leonard, Fischer, Adam P., von Segesser, Ludwig, Althaus, Ulrich, . (1997) Outcome of Survivors of Accidental Deep Hypothermia and Circulatory Arrest Treated with Extracorporeal Blood Warming. New England Journal of Medicine 337:21, 1500-1505
Full Text489
R. KOLLER, T. W. SCHNIDER, P. NEIDHART. (1997) Deep accidental hypothermia and cardiac arrest rewarming with forced air. Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica 41:10, 1359-1364
CrossRef490
Olga Plattner, Andrea Kurz, Daniel I. Sessler, Takehiko Ikeda, Richard Christensen, Danielle Marder, David Clough. (1997) Efficacy of Intraoperative Cooling Methods. Anesthesiology 87:5, 1089-1095
CrossRef491
Larry M. Gentilello, Gregory J. Jurkovich, Michelle S. Stark, S. Ahmad Hassantash, Grant E. O'Keefe. (1997) Is Hypothermia in the Victim of Major Trauma Protective or Harmful?. Annals of Surgery 226:4, 439-449
CrossRef492
M. Thoresen, J. Wyatt. (1997) Keeping a cool head, post-hypoxic hypothermia–an old idea revisited. Acta Paediatrica 86:10, 1029-1033
CrossRef493
W. Meissner, H. Fritz, M. Specht, H. Vogelsang, K. Reinhart. (1997) A158 THE INFLUENCE OF MODERATE HYPOTHERMIA ON THE IMMUNE SYSTEM. Anesthesiology 87:Supplement, 158A
CrossRef494
MICHAEL J. WHALEN, TIMOTHY M. CARLOS, ROBERT S.B. CLARK, DONALD W. MARION, STEVEN T. DeKOSKY, SCOTT HEINEMAN, JOANNE K. SCHIDING, FARNAZ MEMARZADEH, PATRICK M. KOCHANEK. (1997) The Effect of Brain Temperature on Acute Inflammation after Traumatic Brain Injury in Rats. Journal of Neurotrauma 14:8, 561-572
CrossRef495
Sessler, Daniel I., . (1997) Mild Perioperative Hypothermia. New England Journal of Medicine 336:24, 1730-1737
Full Text496
Donald S. Prough, John Lang. (1997) Therapy of Patients with Head Injuries. The Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care 42:Supplement, 10S-18S
CrossRef497
J ROUSSEAU, B MARSIGNY, E CAUCHY, J BONSIGNOUR. (1997) Hypothermie en traumatologie. Annales Françaises dʼAnesthésie et de Réanimation 16:7, 885-894
CrossRef
