Original Article
The Effect of Digoxin on Mortality and Morbidity in Patients with Heart Failure
N Engl J Med 1997; 336:525-533February 20, 1997
- Abstract
Background
The role of cardiac glycosides in treating patients with chronic heart failure and normal sinus rhythm remains controversial. We studied the effect of digoxin on mortality and hospitalization in a randomized, double-blind clinical trial.
Methods
In the main trial, patients with left ventricular ejection fractions of 0.45 or less were randomly assigned to digoxin (3397 patients) or placebo (3403 patients) in addition to diuretics and angiotensin-converting–enzyme inhibitors (median dose of digoxin, 0.25 mg per day; average follow-up, 37 months). In an ancillary trial of patients with ejection fractions greater than 0.45, 492 patients were randomly assigned to digoxin and 496 to placebo.
Results
In the main trial, mortality was unaffected. There were 1181 deaths (34.8 percent) with digoxin and 1194 deaths (35.1 percent) with placebo (risk ratio when digoxin was compared with placebo, 0.99; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.91 to 1.07; P = 0.80). In the digoxin group, there was a trend toward a decrease in the risk of death attributed to worsening heart failure (risk ratio, 0.88; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.77 to 1.01; P = 0.06). There were 6 percent fewer hospitalizations overall in that group than in the placebo group, and fewer patients were hospitalized for worsening heart failure (26.8 percent vs. 34.7 percent; risk ratio, 0.72; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.66 to 0.79; P<0.001). In the ancillary trial, the findings regarding the primary combined outcome of death or hospitalization due to worsening heart failure were consistent with the results of the main trial.
Conclusions
Digoxin did not reduce overall mortality, but it reduced the rate of hospitalization both overall and for worsening heart failure. These findings define more precisely the role of digoxin in the management of chronic heart failure.
Media in This Article
Figure 2
Mortality Due to Worsening Heart Failure in the Digoxin and Placebo Groups.Figure 3
Incidence of Death or Hospitalization Due to Worsening Heart Failure in the Digoxin and Placebo Groups.Article Activity
- Article
Although digoxin is one of the most commonly prescribed drugs for the treatment of heart failure, there is uncertainty about its long-term efficacy and safety.1-3 Several recent short-term, randomized trials indicated that withdrawing digoxin worsens functional status, exercise capacity, and the left ventricular ejection fraction in patients with heart failure.4,5 However, the long-term effect of digoxin on mortality and hospitalization for heart failure or other causes is unknown. We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to evaluate the effects of digoxin (Lanoxin, Glaxo Wellcome) on mortality from any cause (the primary end point) and on hospitalization for heart failure (the secondary end point) over a three-to-five-year period in patients with heart failure and normal sinus rhythm.6
Methods
Design
The rationale and design of the study and the base-line characteristics of the patients have been reported previously.7 Patients were enrolled at 302 clinical centers in the United States and Canada. The study was organized and conducted by a Steering Committee representing the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; the Department of Veterans Affairs Cooperative Studies Program; and cardiologists from the United States and Canada. An independent Data and Safety Monitoring Board monitored the progress of the study. The study was approved by the institutional review board at each participating center. All the patients gave written informed consent.
Eligibility
Patients were eligible for the main trial if they had heart failure and a left ventricular ejection fraction of 0.45 or less (6800 patients) and were in normal sinus rhythm. Patients with heart failure and a left ventricular ejection fraction of more than 0.45 (988 patients) were enrolled in an ancillary trial conducted parallel to the main study. The diagnosis of heart failure was based on current or past clinical symptoms (limitation of activity, fatigue, and dyspnea or orthopnea), signs (edema, elevated jugular venous pressure, rales, or S3 gallop), or radiologic evidence of pulmonary congestion. Patients were eligible for the study whether or not they were already being treated with digoxin. The left ventricular ejection fraction was assessed by radionuclide left ventriculography, left ventricular contrast angiography, or two-dimensional echocardiography. The criteria for exclusion from the study have been published previously.7
Randomization, Dose Titration, and Follow-up
In telephone conversations between the clinical centers and the data coordinating center from February 1991 through August 1993, the patients were randomly assigned to receive digoxin or placebo. The randomization was stratified according to center and left ventricular ejection fraction (<0.45 or >0.45). The recommended initial dose of the study drug was determined with an algorithm that took into account the patient's age, sex, weight, and renal function.8 The investigators were permitted to modify the dose on the basis of other factors, such as the previous dose of digoxin and the use of concomitant drugs that might alter digoxin pharmacokinetics, and they were strongly encouraged to give the patients angiotensin-converting–enzyme inhibitors. Patients who were using digoxin before entry into the study were randomly assigned to receive either digoxin or placebo without a washout period. All the patients returned for follow-up visits 4 weeks and 16 weeks after randomization and every 4 months thereafter. At each follow-up visit, data were recorded on changes in clinical and functional status, the use of selected nonstudy drugs, hospitalization, adherence to the study regimen, and side effects. When patients had worsening symptoms of heart failure, it was recommended that other therapy for heart failure be used in an optimal fashion. If the patients remained symptomatic despite efforts to optimize other forms of treatment, open-label treatment with digoxin was allowed and the study drug was discontinued.
Outcomes
The primary outcome studied in the main trial was mortality. The secondary outcomes were mortality from cardiovascular causes, death from worsening heart failure, hospitalization for worsening heart failure, and hospitalization for other causes, in particular suspected digoxin toxicity. In the ancillary trial, the occurrence of death or hospitalization due to worsening heart failure was studied as a combined primary outcome. At this writing, the vital status of 47 patients assigned to digoxin and 46 patients assigned to placebo in the main trial (1.4 percent of the total) remains unknown.
Classification of Outcomes
Each investigator classified the cause of death or the primary diagnosis leading to hospitalization without knowing the patient's study-drug assignment and after reviewing the patient's hospital chart or interviewing relatives. Deaths due to worsening heart failure were classified as such even if the final event was an arrhythmia. Suspected digoxin toxicity was diagnosed according to the judgment of the investigator.
Statistical Analysis
All the analyses were performed on an intention-to-treat basis with two-sided P values. A stratified log-rank statistic was used to compare the survival distributions in the two study groups. Kaplan–Meier analysis was used to construct life-table plots. In comparing the digoxin and placebo groups, we estimated the risk ratio associated with an event and calculated the 95 percent confidence interval from the Cox proportional-hazards model. The Wilcoxon rank-sum test was used to determine any differences between groups in the number of hospitalizations. The Cox proportional-hazards model was also used to test for interactions between the study assignments and predefined variables that included the left ventricular ejection fraction (<0.25 vs. 0.25 to 0.45), heart size (cardiothoracic ratio, <0.55 vs. >0.55), the cause of heart failure (ischemic vs. nonischemic), digoxin use before the trial (any vs. none), and New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class (I or II vs. III or IV). In this article we report primarily the results of the main trial.
The data were reviewed every six months by the Data and Safety Monitoring Board. December 31, 1995, was chosen in advance as the date on which identification of events would terminate.
Data on the 93 patients whose vital status was unknown on December 31, 1995, were censored as of the date of their most recent follow-up visit. A sensitivity analysis in which we assumed either that all the placebo patients had died or that all the digoxin patients had died did not change the overall results with respect to mortality.
Results
Main Trial (Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction, <0.45)
Except as otherwise specified, the results reported here are those of the main trial. In that trial, there were no significant differences in base-line characteristics between the 3397 patients assigned to digoxin and the 3403 patients assigned to placebo (Table 1Table 1
Base-Line Characteristics of the Study Patients According to Treatment Group.). The mean duration of follow-up was 37 months (range, 28 to 58).Mortality
There were 1181 deaths in the digoxin group (34.8 percent) and 1194 deaths in the placebo group (35.1 percent) (risk ratio when digoxin was compared with placebo, 0.99; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.91 to 1.07; P = 0.80) (Figure 1Figure 1
Mortality in the Digoxin and Placebo Groups. and Table 2Table 2
Deaths According to Study Group and Cause.).There were 1016 deaths from cardiovascular causes in the digoxin group (29.9 percent) and 1004 such deaths in the placebo group (29.5 percent) (risk ratio, 1.01; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.93 to 1.10; P = 0.78). In the digoxin group as compared with the placebo group, there was a trend toward a lower risk of mortality attributable to worsening heart failure (number of deaths, 394 vs. 449; risk ratio, 0.88; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.77 to 1.01; P = 0.06) (Figure 2Figure 2
Mortality Due to Worsening Heart Failure in the Digoxin and Placebo Groups.).Hospitalizations for Heart Failure and Arrhythmia
Fewer patients were hospitalized for worsening heart failure in the digoxin group (910) than in the placebo group (1180) (risk ratio, 0.72; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.66 to 0.79; P<0.001) (Table 3Table 3
Patients Hospitalized during the Study, According to Study Group and Reason for Hospitalization.). In all, there were 1927 hospitalizations with worsening heart failure as the primary diagnosis in the digoxin group and 2553 such hospitalizations in the placebo group. There was no significant difference between the groups in the number of patients hospitalized for ventricular arrhythmia or cardiac arrest (142 vs. 145). The risk of death from any cause or hospitalization for worsening heart failure was lower in the digoxin group (risk ratio, 0.85; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.79 to 0.91; P<0.001). The risk associated with the combined outcome of death due to worsening heart failure or hospitalization related to that diagnosis was lower in the digoxin group (in which 1041 patients had the outcome) than in the placebo group (1291 patients) (risk ratio, 0.75; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.69 to 0.82; P<0.001) (Figure 3Figure 3Incidence of Death or Hospitalization Due to Worsening Heart Failure in the Digoxin and Placebo Groups. and Table 4Table 4
Effect of the Study Drug on the Occurrence of Death or Hospitalization Due to Worsening Heart Failure.). These benefits were seen soon after randomization, and they persisted throughout the trial.Other Hospitalizations
There were 6 percent fewer hospitalizations in the digoxin group than in the placebo group (6356 vs. 6777), and 10 percent fewer hospitalizations for cardiovascular causes (4106 vs. 4570). Furthermore, there were fewer hospitalizations for any reason per patient in the digoxin group than in the placebo group (P = 0.01 by the Wilcoxon test), and fewer hospitalizations per patient for cardiovascular causes (P<0.001). The difference between the groups became more apparent when the number of hospitalizations was standardized according to the duration of follow-up. In all, 64.3 percent of the patients in the digoxin group and 67.1 percent of those in the placebo group were hospitalized for all reasons combined, with cardiovascular causes as the primary reason in both groups (Table 3). There was no significant difference between the digoxin group and the placebo group in the number of hospitalizations for myocardial infarction (195 vs. 201) or unstable angina (399 vs. 398), but there were fewer hospitalizations for supraventricular arrhythmia in the digoxin group (133 vs. 152). Small proportions of patients in both groups were hospitalized with suspected digoxin toxicity, with significantly more in the dig-oxin group than in the placebo group (2.0 percent vs. 0.9 percent, P<0.001). The proportion of patients hospitalized for noncardiovascular reasons was similar in the two groups.
Effects in Subgroups
We examined the influence of digoxin on both the relative and the absolute reduction in the risk of a secondary outcome in prespecified subgroups. With regard to the combined outcome of mortality from worsening heart failure or a hospitalization related to that diagnosis, the benefit of digoxin appeared to be greater among patients at high risk — that is, those with lower ejection fractions or enlarged hearts and those in NYHA functional class III or IV (Table 4).
Serum Digoxin Levels
Among the 1485 patients in the digoxin group for whom blood samples obtained more than six hours after the last dose were available, the mean steady-state serum digoxin level was 0.86 ng per milliliter (1.10 nmol per liter) at the 1-month visit and 0.80 ng per milliliter (1.02 nmol per liter) at the 12-month visit. At the one-month visit, the mean serum digoxin levels were 0.76 ng per milliliter (0.97 nmol per liter) in the patients receiving 0.125 mg of digoxin per day, 0.89 ng per milliliter (1.14 nmol per liter) in those receiving 0.250 mg per day, 0.88 ng per milliliter (1.13 nmol per liter) in those receiving 0.375 mg per day, and 0.88 ng per milliliter in those receiving 0.500 mg per day. At one month, 88.3 percent of the patients in the digoxin group had serum digoxin levels within the therapeutic range of 0.5 to 2.0 ng per milliliter (0.6 to 2.6 nmol per liter).
Adherence to the Study Regimen
At randomization, the median daily dose of the assigned study drug was 0.250 mg in both treatment groups. At one year, 85.6 percent of the patients in the digoxin group were taking the study drug, and 82.9 percent of the patients in the placebo group were taking placebo. At the final study visit, 70.8 percent of the surviving patients in the digoxin group were taking the study drug, and an additional 10.3 percent were taking open-label digoxin. In the placebo group, 67.9 percent of the surviving patients were taking placebo and 15.6 percent were taking open-label digoxin. Open-label digoxin was used at some time during the trial by 14.2 percent of patients in the digoxin group as compared with 22.0 percent of those in the placebo group (P<0.001). The primary reasons for discontinuing the study drug were the use of open-label digoxin to treat worsening heart failure (rate of discontinuation at one year, 3.0 percent in the digoxin group vs. 6.4 percent in the placebo group; by the end of the trial, 6.7 percent vs. 11.0 percent) and atrial fibrillation (rate of discontinuation at one year, 1.5 percent vs. 1.6 percent; by the end of the trial, 2.8 percent vs. 3.4 percent).
Digoxin Toxicity
More patients had suspected digoxin toxicity in the digoxin group than in the placebo group (11.9 percent vs. 7.9 percent). Among these patients, 16.5 percent of those in the digoxin group were hospitalized, as compared with 11.4 percent of those in the placebo group. The most common reasons for suspected digoxin toxicity were ventricular fibrillation or tachycardia (1.1 percent in the digoxin group vs. 0.8 percent in the placebo group; risk ratio, 1.40; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.84 to 2.30; P = 0.20), supraventricular arrhythmia (2.5 percent vs. 1.2 percent; risk ratio, 2.10; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.45 to 3.07; P<0.001), and second- or third-degree atrioventricular block (1.2 percent vs. 0.4 percent; risk ratio, 2.87; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.56 to 5.28; P<0.001). The increase in the risk of digoxin toxicity in the digoxin group was similar for all subgroups.
Ancillary Trial (Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction, >0.45)
In the ancillary trial, there were no significant differences in base-line characteristics between the 492 patients assigned to digoxin and the 496 patients assigned to placebo. There were 115 deaths in the digoxin group (23.4 percent) and 116 deaths in the placebo group (23.4 percent; risk ratio, 0.99; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.76 to 1.28). With regard to the combined outcome of death or hospitalization due to worsening heart failure, the results in the ancillary trial (risk ratio, 0.82; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.63 to 1.07) were consistent with the findings of the main trial.
Discussion
In the main trial, in which patients with left ventricular ejection fractions of 0.45 or lower were studied, we found that digoxin had no effect on overall mortality when it was added to diuretics and angiotensin-converting–enzyme inhibitors to treat heart failure. There were fewer deaths due to worsening heart failure in the digoxin group. Although death attributable to other cardiac causes was not specified in advance as a study outcome, there was a statistically significant difference between the study groups (P = 0.04) with regard to that outcome. The risk of hospitalization, especially for worsening heart failure, was reduced with digoxin treatment. When the combined outcome was analyzed, the incidence of death from worsening heart failure or hospitalization for that diagnosis was markedly reduced. Smaller studies, such as the Randomized Assessment of Digoxin on Inhibitors of the Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (RADIANCE) and Prospective Randomized Study of Ventricular Failure and the Efficacy of Digoxin (PROVED) trials, have suggested that worsening heart failure and hospitalization occurred less often in patients treated with digoxin.4,5 Although our trial showed that digoxin had no effect on mortality, studies of other inotropic agents not related to glycosides, such as dobutamine, beta-agonists, milrinone, and enoximone, have demonstrated excess mortality.6,9-11
The population studied in the main trial represented a wide spectrum of patients with heart failure. A large proportion of the study patients received background therapy with angiotensin-converting–enzyme inhibitors (94.4 percent), diuretics (81.7 percent), one or the other of these classes of drugs (98.4 percent), or both (77.7 percent). Among the patients in the study, 22.3 percent were women, and patients with diverse causes of heart failure and a broad range of symptoms were included. Although only 2 percent of patients were in NYHA functional class IV, 30.6 percent were in class III. Inclusion of patients irrespective of base-line ejection fraction distinguishes this trial from prior studies.
Although there were more patients with suspected digoxin toxicity in the digoxin group (11.9 percent, as compared with 7.9 percent in the placebo group), the proportion of patients actually hospitalized was low (2.0 percent vs. 0.9 percent over a period of 3.5 years). This excess of suspected cases took the form of new episodes of ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation, supraventricular arrhythmia, and advanced atrioventricular block. The vast majority of the study patients, however (88.3 percent), had serum digoxin levels in the therapeutic range at the one-month visit, and only 2 percent had levels exceeding 2.0 ng per milliliter.
Subgroups were assessed for differences in the benefits and risks of digoxin. The reduction in the occurrence of either death or hospitalization due to worsening heart failure was seen at all levels of the left ventricular ejection fraction, but it was greatest in patients with ejection fractions of 0.25 or lower, those who had enlarged hearts, and those in NYHA functional class III or IV.
In conclusion, digoxin had no effect on overall mortality in patients receiving diuretics and angiotensin-converting–enzyme inhibitors, but it did reduce the overall number of hospitalizations and the combined outcome of death or hospitalization attributable to worsening heart failure. In clinical practice, digoxin therapy is likely to affect the frequency of hospitalization, but not survival.
Rekha Garg, M.D., Richard Gorlin, M.D., Thomas Smith, M.D., and Salim Yusuf, M.D., assume responsibility for the contents of this article on behalf of the Digitalis Investigation Group.
We are indebted to the study patients for their willingness to volunteer for the trial; to the several hundred physicians who referred patients, for their cooperation; and to Glaxo Wellcome for supplying the drug and placebo.
Source Information
Address reprint requests to Dr. Gorlin at Mount Sinai Medical Center, Box 1018, 1 Gustave L. Levy Pl., New York, NY 10029-6574.
The participants in the Digitalis Investigation Group are listed in the Appendix.
Appendix
The following investigators participated in the study. United States: G. Perry, E. Brown, R. Thornton, T. Shiva, J. Hubbard, K.R. Reddy, J.E. Doherty III, F.P. Cardello, A. Fast, M.J. Radford, J.S. Folger, G. Bhaskar, R.G. Zoble, V. Sridharan, M.R. Sridharan, R.R. Loungani, M. Gheorghiade, A. Hsieh, C. Tommaso, M. Mansuri, M.A. Guess, S. Akhtar, S. Wagner, K. Hagan, K.M. McIntyre, P. Ruble, M. Moten, A. Riley, G. Pierpont, I. Anand, G. Patel, B.S. Puram, B.R. Eladasari, J. Karnegis, E. Gillie, M.H. Crawford, W.F. Graettinger, A. Shah, J. Sacco, M.A. Chaudhry, D. Dolen, N. El-Sherif, S. Bekheit-Saad, E.E. Campos, J.G. Greene, V. Khanijo, U. Kumar, G.I. Mallis, S. Mookherjee, M. Dibner-Dunlap, S.C. Gupta, K. Danisa, U. Thadani, A. Tan, M. Rajachar, M. Amidi, M.V. O'Reilly, C.A. Hassapoyannes, M.L. Davies, V.A. Kumar, D. Okerson, K.B. Ramanathan, B. Putatunda, A. Gollapudi, A. Montero, P.K. Mohanty, N. Jarmukli, C. Lui, S. Thagirisa, R.W. Lee, T.R. Glatter, K. Bodine, D. Roberts, M. Bertoglio, G.W. Dennish, R.J. Sarma, G. Gregoratos, D.C. Rausch, W.A. Pitt, B.M. Kennelly, D. Fahrenholtz, R. Gordon, L. Horwitz, R. Rothbart, P. Nutting, L. Lutz, D.L. Copen, A. Rashkow, J. Babb, L. Van Voorhees, A. Silverman, M.E. Stillabower, A.B. Miller, H.T. Nguyen-Pho, R.E. Safford, S. Fishman, J.C. Neiman, M. Stein, J.C. Dominguez, G.T. Abernathy, P.H. Nair, L.S. Goodman, T.H. Cook, W.J. Wickemeyer, D.M. Berkson, J. Mathew, H.G. Richman, D.L. Lubell, R. Lang, E.J. Zajac, R. Rosenstein, M.A. Silver, J.G. Shanes, K.J. Kelly, M.H. Pequignot, R. Campbell, P.C. Kirlin, D.B. Ziperman, D.M. Denny, L. Gamble, M. Weiss, P.K. Kaimal, R.W. Dhurandhar, H. Ventura, M.L. Godley, C. Pu, E.C. Schick, Jr., D.J. Barbour, D. Salmon, M. Goldstein, M.B. Effron, J.L. Fleg, K.L. Baughman, R. Weiss, K. Ericson, W.A. Sturrock, J. Heinsimer, G.C. Timmis, S. Smith, D.D. Shrestha, W.F.C. Duvernoy, J. Hickner, B.K. Lewis, T.K. O'Brien, S.A. Yarows, H.J. Willens, D.J. Mast, T.H. Johnson, R.J. Rodeheffer, M. Seifert, L. Swenson, P. Denes, R. Gudapati, F.R. Charles, M.W. Rich, V. Beckham, W.P. Hamilton, P.B. Abele, D.M. Harper, R.L. O'Kelly, A.D. Forker, F.R. Kahl, B.W. Garrou, Sr., T.E. Klang, K. Popio, S. Mohiuddin, E.M. Pollak, Jr., A. Chiaramida, J.J. Gregory, L.A. Papa, J. Abrams, S. Ung, C.K. Jutila, R.P. Croke, S. Chiaramida, R. Lucariello, D.A. Rim, M.H. Goldberger, R.M. Kohn, S. Graham, E.F. Philbin, K. Sheesley, A. Nafziger, G. Macina, J.T. Hsueh, S. Zoneraich, A. Binder, C. Weinstein, J. Morrison, A. Cameron, E. Vanderbush, J. Brown, P.N. Pande, E. Lader, R. Kay, D. Bloomfield, T. Costantino, D.E. Heiselman, S. Radwany, M.R. Smith, R.E. Hobbs, T.D. Fraker, Jr., T.R. Frerking, A.C. De Leon, Jr., L.G. Christie, Jr., M. Toren, J. Grover, F.D. McBarron, D.E. Harris, R.W. McLean, L. Morris, J. Zatuchni, J.P. Boehmer, B.S. Clemson, H. Lipshutz, R.S. Small, R. Ufret, J.E. Lugo-Rodriquez, A.H. Khan, M. Yousefian, G.C. Friesinger, D. Ely, J.A. Farmer, J.B. Young, R.M. Payne, R.E. Fowles, A.B. Lee, Y. Shalev, I. Al-Bitar, G.S. Schroeder, L. Radant, T.L. Hankey, S. Rezkalla, and D.L. Groden. Canada: K.K. Teo, D.P. Humen, D. Wong, P.V. Greenwood, T. Talibi, W. Hui, W.P. Klinke, M.P.J. Senaratne, M. Goeres, D.F. Hughes, M.A.R. Sayeed, D.L. Roth, I. Belenkie, D.E. Manyari, K. Borgersen, L. Read, D. Kinloch, R. Reid, N.C. Barber, B.A. Horner, G. Kenefick, R.A. Kuritzky, J.R. Imrie, K.R. Wagner, S.W. Rabkin, H.F. Mizgala, L. Tarry, A. Dodek, J.M. Kornder, T. Ashton, D. Barr, J. Dufton, R. Sweeny, A. Morris, R. Bessoudo, D. Marr, J.R. Milton, B. Thompson, V. Robinson, B.A. Sussex, M. Tobin, D.P. McMahon, D. Folkins, R. Crowell, L.D. Lalonde, C. Koilpillai, R.J. Hatheway, M.G. O'Reilly, T. Machel, I. Hack, J.W. Stewart, P.H. Tanser, B. Sullivan, S. Hagar, B. Quinn, R.A. Davies, M.G. Baird, W.L. Williams, M. Le May, L. Higginson, M. Turek, R.A. Sochowski, A. Weeks, M.H. Jacobs, R. Baigrie, M.A. DeVilla, G. Vertes, B. Bozek, J.E. Goode, A.J. Ricci, J. Swan, D.A. Fell, S.N. Levinoff-Roth, J.M.O. Arnold, L. Patrick, R.F. Southern, C. Rinne, D. Brisbin, J.P. DeYoung, T. Baitz, S. Vizel, J. Minkowitz, P. Letarte, Y.K. Chan, K.K. Kwok, S. Nawaz, F. Ganjavi, L. Yao, J. Misterski, D.L. Raco, A.R. Hess, G. Kuruvilla, L. Silverberg, D. Borts, J.C. Fulop, M.E. Weingert, R.P. Carter, B.M. Sahay, J.E. Hickey, G. Lalonde, G. Gosselin, M.G. Bourassa, C. Goulet, M. Joyal, M. Methe, G. Honos, D. Fitchett, A. Serpa, F. Sestier, G. Roberge, Y. Latour, C. Rondeau, D. Gossard, J.H.F. Lenis, R. Brossoit, L. Simard, F. Delage, P. Auger, D. Saulnier, P. Talbot, J. Beaudoin, J. Campeau, G. Pruneau, M. Tamilia, G. Boutros, B. Comeau, R. Starra, R. St.-Hilaire, J. Veilleux, M. Mercier, J.F. Poulin, K. MacLellan, S. Lepage, J.L. Rouleau, N. Bruinsma, C. Levesque, R. De Larochelliere, M. LeBlanc, S. Kouz, G.S. Kiwan, M. Laforest, J. Brooks, G. Bouchard, P.B. Gervais, J. Brophy, J. Gagnon, N. Habib, A.K. Basu, A.T. Lutterodt, and M. Khouri.
Steering Committee: R. Gorlin, D. Egan, R. Garg, S. Yusuf, T. Montague, T.W. Smith, J.N. Cohn, G.R. Dagenais, R. Davies, D.E. Johnstone, C. Fye, M.R. Sather, D. Deykin, G. Francis, J.F. Collins, W.O. Williford, and B.N. Singh. Data and Safety Monitoring Board: D. Bristow, H.T. Engelhardt, M. Gent, W.B. Hood, S. Jones, P. Meier, B. Pitt, and D. Waters. Canadian Regional Centers: S. Barnhill, R. Miles, E. Kent, M.J. Sayles, C. Liuni, A. Baker, S. Hagar, D. LaForge, L. Harris, and S. Martin. Human Rights Committee: S. Jones, L.J. Appel, M.M. Arthur, D.A. Highfield, J.P. Libonati, M.S. Moore, E. Perez, and J.D. Rubin. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Project Office: N. Geller, E. Harris, S. Hunsberger, and P. Mills. Department of Veterans Affairs Cooperative Studies Program: S. Baldwin, A. Burns, H. Caleb, F. Chacon, D.R. Cline, V. Duvall, W. Gagne, J. Gold, S. Harris, R. Hockenbrock, R.A. Horney, C. Howell, P.C. Huang, L.M. Jadwin, J. King, S. Maple, G. Martinez, J. O'Quinn, P. Sexton, and M.E. Spence. Central Laboratory: SmithKline Beecham, Van Nuys, Calif.
- References
References
1
Kelly RA ,Smith TW . Digoxin in heart failure: implications of recent trials. J Am Coll Cardiol 1993;22:Suppl A:107A-112A
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline2
Yusuf S ,Wittes J ,Bailey K ,Furberg C . Digitalis -- a new controversy regarding an old drug: the pitfalls of inappropriate methods. Circulation 1986;73:14-18
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline3
Jaeschke R ,Oxman AD ,Guyatt GH . To what extent do congestive heart failure patients in sinus rhythm benefit from digoxin therapy? A systematic overview and meta-analysis. Am J Med 1990;88:279-286
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline4
Packer M ,Gheorghiade M ,Young JB , et al. Withdrawal of digoxin from patients with chronic heart failure treated with angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors. N Engl J Med 1993;329:1-7
Full Text | Web of Science | Medline5
Uretsky BF ,Young JB ,Shahidi FE ,Yellen LG ,Harrison MC ,Jolly MK . Randomized study assessing the effect of digoxin withdrawal in patients with mild to moderate chronic congestive heart failure: results of the PROVED Trial. J Am Coll Cardiol 1993;22:955-962
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline6
Yusuf S ,Garg R ,Held P ,Gorlin R . Need for a large randomized trial to evaluate the effects of digitalis on morbidity and mortality in congestive heart failure. Am J Cardiol 1992;69:64G-70G
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline7
The Digitalis Investigation Group
CrossRef | Medline8
Jelliffe RW ,Brooker GA . A nomogram for digoxin therapy. Am J Med 1974;57:63-68
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline9
Yusuf S. Obtaining reliable information from randomized controlled trials in congestive heart failure and left ventricular dysfunction. In: Brachman W, Dietz R, Kubler W, eds. Heart failure and arrhythmias. Berlin, Germany: Springer-Verlag, 1990:147-60.
10
Yusuf S ,Teo KK . Inotropic agents increase mortality in patients with congestive heart failure. Circulation 1990;82:Suppl III:III-673 abstract.11
Packer M ,Carver JR ,Rodeheffer RJ , et al. Effect of oral milrinone on mortality in severe chronic heart failure. N Engl J Med 1991;325:1468-1475
Full Text | Web of Science | Medline
- Citing Articles (579)
Citing Articles
1
Alexandra A. dos Santos, Izo Helber, Ednei L. Antonio, Marcelo F. Franco, Paulo J.F. Tucci. (2012) Severity of the cardiac impairment determines whether digitalis prolongs or reduces survival of rats with heart failure due to myocardial infarction. International Journal of Cardiology
CrossRef2
Kathleen E. Simpson, Charles E. Canter. (2012) Can adult heart failure regimens be applied to children. Current Opinion in Cardiology1
CrossRef3
Damian Kawecki, Grzegorz Kubiak, Katarzyna Orszulik, Aleksandra Kusińska, Katarzyna Mitręga, Magdalena Pałka, Zofia Trzepaczyńska, Ewa Nowalany-Kozielska. (2011) Quality of life in patients with severe left ventricle dysfunction due to coronary artery disease. Central European Journal of Medicine 6:6, 807-812
CrossRef4
J. L. Andrey, S. Romero, A. García-Egido, M. A. Escobar, R. Corzo, G. Garcia-Dominguez, V. Lechuga, F. Gómez. (2011) Mortality and morbidity of heart failure treated with digoxin. A propensity-matched study. International Journal of Clinical Practice 65:12, 1250-1258
CrossRef5
E. de Teresa Galván, J.M. García Pinilla, R. de Teresa Herrera. (2011) Tratamiento de la insuficiencia cardiaca. Medicine - Programa de Formación Médica Continuada Acreditado 10:92, 6240-6248
CrossRef6
Carlos H. Rojas-Fernandez, Luis Viana, Farzan Dadfar. (2011) Contemporary considerations for the use of digoxin for heart failure in older patients. Canadian Pharmacists Journal 144:6, 265-269
CrossRef7
R. Quirós-López, M. Noureddine-López, M.A. Villena-Ruiz, J. García-Alegría. (2011) Indicaciones de la digoxina para el tratamiento de la fibrilación auricular. Revista Clínica Española 211:9, 492-493
CrossRef8
Daniel Caldeira, Cláudio David, Cristina Sampaio. (2011) Rate vs rhythm control in patients with atrial fibrillation and heart failure: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. European Journal of Internal Medicine 22:5, 448-455
CrossRef9
Attila Mihálcz, Pál Ábrahám, Attila Kardos, Csaba Földesi, Tamás Szili-Török. (2011) Kardiális reszinkronizációs terápia pitvarfibrilláló betegekben. Orvosi Hetilap 152:44, 1757-1763
CrossRef10
Edgar Argulian, Craig McPherson, Marrick Kukin. (2011) Organ-Specific Responses to Circulatory Disturbances in Heart Failure: New Insights. Congestive Heart Failureno-no
CrossRef11
J.-J. Perrenoud. (2011) Heart Failure (Part 2). European Geriatric Medicine 2:4, 237-244
CrossRef12
Marco A. Caccamo, Peter M. Eckman. (2011) Pharmacologic Therapy for New York Heart Association Class IV Heart Failure. Congestive Heart Failure 17:5, 213-219
CrossRef13
R. Knoll, G. Iaccarino, G. Tarone, D. Hilfiker-Kleiner, J. Bauersachs, A. F. Leite-Moreira, P. H. Sugden, J.-L. Balligand. (2011) Towards a re-definition of 'cardiac hypertrophy' through a rational characterization of left ventricular phenotypes: a position paper of the Working Group 'Myocardial Function' of the ESC. European Journal of Heart Failure 13:8, 811-819
CrossRef14
Charles F. Jackson, Nanette K. Wenger. (2011) Enfermedad cardiovascular en el anciano. Revista Española de Cardiología 64:8, 697-712
CrossRef15
Henry Krum, John R Teerlink. (2011) Medical therapy for chronic heart failure. The Lancet 378:9792, 713-721
CrossRef16
Sameer Ather, Leif E. Peterson, Vijay G. Divakaran, Anita Deswal, Kumudha Ramasubbu, Irakli Giorgberidze, Alvin Blaustein, Xander H.T. Wehrens, Douglas L. Mann, Biykem Bozkurt. (2011) Digoxin treatment in heart failure — Unveiling risk by cluster analysis of DIG data. International Journal of Cardiology 150:3, 264-269
CrossRef17
Cao Thach Tran, Keld Kjeldsen. (2011) Protection against β adrenoceptor agonist reduction of plasma potassium in severe but not in moderate hypokalemia. Fundamental & Clinical Pharmacology 25:4, 452-461
CrossRef18
Agata Bielecka-Dabrowa, Dimitri P. Mikhailidis, Linda Jones, Jacek Rysz, Wilbert S. Aronow, Maciej Banach. (2011) The meaning of hypokalemia in heart failure. International Journal of Cardiology
CrossRef19
Qian Li, Robert J. Glynn, Nancy A. Dreyer, Jun Liu, Helen Mogun, Soko Setoguchi. (2011) Validity of claims-based definitions of left ventricular systolic dysfunction in Medicare patients. Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety 20:7, 700-708
CrossRef20
Mayank K Mittal, Priya Chockalingam, Anand Chockalingam. (2011) Contemporary Indications and Therapeutic Implications for Digoxin Use. American Journal of Therapeutics 18:4, 280-287
CrossRef21
Emma Eade, Rebecca Cooper, Andrew R.J. Mitchell. (2011) Digoxin — Time to take the gloves off?. International Journal of Cardiology
CrossRef22
Melody Zaya, Anita Phan, Ernst R. Schwarz. (2011) The dilemma, causes and approaches to avoid recurrent hospital readmissions for patients with chronic heart failure. Heart Failure Reviews
CrossRef23
Ryan P. Morrissey, Lawrence Czer, Prediman K. Shah. (2011) Chronic Heart Failure. American Journal Cardiovascular Drugs 11:3, 153-171
CrossRef24
Alex F. Manini, Lewis S. Nelson, Robert S. Hoffman. (2011) Prognostic Utility of Serum Potassium in Chronic Digoxin Toxicity. American Journal Cardiovascular Drugs 11:3, 173-178
CrossRef25
Michel Carles, Marc Raucoules-Aimé. (2011) Prise en charge anesthésique du patient diabétique. La Presse Médicale 40:6, 587-595
CrossRef26
Michael Ehle, Chandni Patel, Robert P. Giugliano. (2011) Digoxin: Clinical Highlights. Critical Pathways in Cardiology: A Journal of Evidence-Based Medicine 10:2, 93-98
CrossRef27
Sandhya Murthy, Hannah I. Lipman. (2011) Management of End-Stage Heart Failure. Primary Care: Clinics in Office Practice 38:2, 265-276
CrossRef28
Margaret A. Feller, Marjan Mujib, Yan Zhang, O. James Ekundayo, Inmaculada B. Aban, Gregg C. Fonarow, Richard M. Allman, Ali Ahmed. (2011) Baseline characteristics, quality of care, and outcomes of younger and older Medicare beneficiaries hospitalized with heart failure: Findings from the Alabama Heart Failure Project. International Journal of Cardiology
CrossRef29
Carlos E. Sanchez, David R. Richards. (2011) Contemporary In-Hospital Management Strategies for Acute Decompensated Heart Failure. Cardiology in Review 19:3, 122-129
CrossRef30
O. R. de Peuter, G. Y. H. Lip, P. C. Souverein, O. H. Klungel, A. de Boer, H. R. Buller, P. W. Kamphuisen. (2011) Time-trends in treatment and cardiovascular events in patients with heart failure: a pharmacosurveillance study. European Journal of Heart Failure 13:5, 489-495
CrossRef31
Dipak Kotecha, Katherine Ngo, Julia A.E. Walters, Luis Manzano, Alberto Palazzuoli, Marcus D. Flather. (2011) Erythropoietin as a treatment of anemia in heart failure: Systematic review of randomized trials. American Heart Journal 161:5, 822-831.e2
CrossRef32
Maurizio Galderisi. (2011) Diagnosis and Management of Left Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction in the Hypertensive Patient. American Journal of Hypertension 24:5, 507-517
CrossRef33
Daniel E. Forman, Michael W. Rich, Karen P. Alexander, Susan Zieman, Mathew S. Maurer, Samer S. Najjar, Joseph C. Cleveland, Harlan M. Krumholz, Nanette K. Wenger. (2011) Cardiac Care for Older Adults. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 57:18, 1801-1810
CrossRef34
Ali Ahmed. (2011) Chronic Heart Failure in Older Adults. Medical Clinics of North America 95:3, 439-461
CrossRef35
D. Kamimura, T. Ohtani, Y. Sakata, T. Mano, Y. Takeda, S. Tamaki, Y. Omori, Y. Tsukamoto, K. Furutani, Y. Komiyama, M. Yoshika, H. Takahashi, T. Matsuda, A. Baba, S. Umemura, T. Miwa, I. Komuro, K. Yamamoto. (2011) Ca2+ entry mode of Na+/Ca2+ exchanger as a new therapeutic target for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. European Heart Journal
CrossRef36
Maciej Banach, Vikas Bhatia, Margaret A. Feller, Marjan Mujib, Ravi V. Desai, Mustafa I. Ahmed, Jason L. Guichard, Inmaculada Aban, Thomas E. Love, Wilbert S. Aronow, Michel White, Prakash Deedwania, Gregg Fonarow, Ali Ahmed. (2011) Relation of Baseline Systolic Blood Pressure and Long-Term Outcomes in Ambulatory Patients With Chronic Mild to Moderate Heart Failure. The American Journal of Cardiology 107:8, 1208-1214
CrossRef37
Mustafa I. Ahmed, Mitja Lainscak, Marjan Mujib, Thomas E. Love, Inmaculada Aban, Ileana L. Piña, Wilbert S. Aronow, Vera Bittner, Ali Ahmed. (2011) Gender-related dissociation in outcomes in chronic heart failure: Reduced mortality but similar hospitalization in women. International Journal of Cardiology 148:1, 36-42
CrossRef38
A. Vaz Perez, R. G. Turan, M. Rauchhaus. (2011) Digoxin in chronic heart failure: possibility of a second chance?. QJM 104:4, 369-371
CrossRef39
S. Muzzarelli, H. Stricker, O. Pfister, P. Foglia, G. Moschovitis, G. Mombelli, H. Brunner-La Rocca. (2011) Individual dosage of digoxin in patients with heart failure. QJM 104:4, 309-317
CrossRef40
Melanie D. Everitt, Amy E. Donaldson, Josef Stehlik, Aditya K. Kaza, Deborah Budge, Rami Alharethi, Emily A. Bullock, Abdallah G. Kfoury, Anji T. Yetman. (2011) Would access to device therapies improve transplant outcomes for adults with congenital heart disease? Analysis of the United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS). The Journal of Heart and Lung Transplantation 30:4, 395-401
CrossRef41
Richard Walden, Brian Tomlinson. 2011. Cardiovascular Disease. , 333-359.
CrossRef42
Marco Metra, Luca Bettari, Valentina Carubelli, Silvia Bugatti, Alessandra Dei Cas, Francesca Del Magro, Valentina Lazzarini, Carlo Lombardi, Livio Dei Cas. (2011) Use of Inotropic Agents in Patients with Advanced Heart Failure. Drugs 71:5, 515-525
CrossRef43
Anu M. Neuvonen, Jukka U. Palo, Antti Sajantila. (2011) Post-mortem ABCB1 genotyping reveals an elevated toxicity for female digoxin users. International Journal of Legal Medicine 125:2, 265-269
CrossRef44
Krishna K. Gaddam, Tara Jarreau, Hector Ventura. (2011) Developments in Heart Failure 2010. Congestive Heart Failure 17:2, 92-100
CrossRef45
Sameer Ather, Wenyaw Chan, Annirudha Chillar, David Aguilar, Allison M. Pritchett, Kumudha Ramasubbu, Xander H.T. Wehrens, Anita Deswal, Biykem Bozkurt. (2011) Association of systolic blood pressure with mortality in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: A complex relationship. American Heart Journal 161:3, 567-573
CrossRef46
Megan M Barnes, Michael P Dorsch, Scott L Hummel, Todd M Koelling, Barry E Bleske. (2011) Treatment of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction. Pharmacotherapy 31:3, 312-331
CrossRef47
C. Adamopoulos, P. Meyer, R. V. Desai, K. Karatzidou, F. Ovalle, M. White, I. Aban, T. E. Love, P. Deedwania, S. D. Anker, A. Ahmed. (2011) Absence of obesity paradox in patients with chronic heart failure and diabetes mellitus: a propensity-matched study. European Journal of Heart Failure 13:2, 200-206
CrossRef48
Larry V. Hryshko. 2011. The Cardiac Na + -Ca 2+ Exchanger. .
CrossRef49
Jeffrey Sankoff. 2011. Congestive heart failure and acute pulmonary edema. , 195-200.
CrossRef50
Jerome L. Fleg, Wilbert S. Aronow, William H. Frishman. (2011) Cardiovascular drug therapy in the elderly: benefits and challenges. Nature Reviews Cardiology 8:1, 13-28
CrossRef51
Joshua M. Hauser, Robert O. Bonow. 2011. Heart Failure and Palliative Care. , 391-404.
CrossRef52
Natália Araújo Touza, Elisa Suzana Carneiro Pôças, Luis Eduardo M. Quintas, Geraldino Cunha-Filho, Maria Lucília Santos, François Noël. (2011) Inhibitory effect of combinations of digoxin and endogenous cardiotonic steroids on Na+/K+-ATPase activity in human kidney membrane preparation. Life Sciences 88:1-2, 39-42
CrossRef53
Bai-Jun Ye, Xue-Kun Liu, Sheng-Ming Jiang, Xun Cui, Hu-Ri Piao. (2011) Synthesis of 2-(4-Substitutedbenzyl-[1,4]Diazepan-1-yl)-N-(1-Methyl-4,5-Dihydro-[1,2,4]Triazolo[4,3-A]Quinolin-7-Yl)Acetamides as Inotropic Agents. Chemical Biology & Drug Design 77:1, 98-103
CrossRef54
Keith A Thompson, Parag Bharadwaj, Kiran J Philip, Ernst R Schwarz. (2010) Heart failure therapy: beyond the guidelines. Journal of Cardiovascular Medicine 11:12, 919-927
CrossRef55
Sheng-Ming Jiang, Bai-Jun Ye, Xue-Kun Liu, Tian-Yi Zhang, Xun Cui, Hu-Ri Piao. (2010) Synthesis and in-vitro inotropic evaluation of 2-(4-substitutedbenzyl-1,4-diazepan-1-yl)-N-(4,5-dihydro-1-phenyl-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]quinolin-7-yl)acetamides. Archiv der Pharmazie 343:11-12, 700-705
CrossRef56
Ting Liu, David A. Brown, Brian O'Rourke. (2010) Role of mitochondrial dysfunction in cardiac glycoside toxicity. Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology 49:5, 728-736
CrossRef57
Paul Wojciechowski. (2010) Perioperative Optimization of the Heart Failure Patient. International Anesthesiology Clinics 47:4, 121-135
CrossRef58
Micha T. Maeder, David M. Kaye. (2010) Differential impact of heart rate and blood pressure on outcome in patients with heart failure with reduced versus preserved left ventricular ejection fraction
. International Journal of Cardiology
CrossRef59
Dawn Lombardo. 2010. Digoxin, Diuretics, and Vasodilators in Heart Failure. , 117-135.
CrossRef60
Vijay U. Rao, John R. Teerlink. 2010. Treating Systolic Heart Failure. , 287-326.
CrossRef61
Matthew J. O'Connor, David N. Rosenthal, Robert E. Shaddy. (2010) Outpatient Management of Pediatric Heart Failure. Heart Failure Clinics 6:4, 515-529
CrossRef62
Mustafa Toma, Randall C. Starling. (2010) Inotropic Therapy for End-Stage Heart Failure Patients. Current Treatment Options in Cardiovascular Medicine 12:5, 409-419
CrossRef63
Marjan Mujib, Grigorios Giamouzis, Syed Abbas Agha, Inmaculada Aban, Nalini Sathiakumar, O. James Ekundayo, Edward Zamrini, Richard M. Allman, Javed Butler, Ali Ahmed. (2010) Epidemiology of stroke in chronic heart failure patients with normal sinus rhythm: Findings from the DIG stroke sub-study. International Journal of Cardiology 144:3, 389-393
CrossRef64
Mustafa I. Ahmed, O. James Ekundayo, Marjan Mujib, Ruth C. Campbell, Paul W. Sanders, Bertram Pitt, Gilbert J. Perry, George Bakris, Inmaculada Aban, Thomas E. Love, Wilbert S. Aronow, Ali Ahmed. (2010) Mild hyperkalemia and outcomes in chronic heart failure: A propensity matched study. International Journal of Cardiology 144:3, 383-388
CrossRef65
KP Nunn, G McKay, M Fisher. (2010) Digoxin. Practical Diabetes International 27:7, 317-318
CrossRef66
Javed Butler, Inder S. Anand, Michael A. Kuskowski, Thomas Rector, Peter Carson, Jay N. Cohn, . (2010) Digoxin Use and Heart Failure Outcomes: Results from the Valsartan Heart Failure Trial (Val-HeFT). Congestive Heart Failure 16:5, 191-195
CrossRef67
Sean Patrick Nordt, Alicia Minns, Christian Tomaszewski, F. Lee Cantrell, Richard F. Clark. (2010) Retrospective Review of Digoxin Exposures to a Poison Control System following Recall of Digitek® Tablets. American Journal Cardiovascular Drugs 10:4, 261-263
CrossRef68
Paul J. Taylor, Raymond G. Morris. (2010) Does liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry have a role in therapeutic drug monitoring of digoxin?. Clinical Biochemistry 43:10-11, 936-937
CrossRef69
Rachel S Crowder, Brian K Irons, Gary Meyerrose, Charles F Seifert. (2010) Factors Associated with Increased Hospital Utilization in Patients with Heart Failure and Preserved Ejection Fraction. Pharmacotherapy 30:7, 646-653
CrossRef70
Myung H. Park, Lewis J. Rubin. (2010) Editor's response to “Ethical issues associated with globalization of placebo-controlled trials in pulmonary arterial hypertension”. The Journal of Heart and Lung Transplantation 29:7, 827-828
CrossRef71
A. Davenport, S. D. Anker, A. Mebazaa, A. Palazzuoli, G. Vescovo, R. Bellomo, P. Ponikowski, I. Anand, N. Aspromonte, S. Bagshaw, T. Berl, I. Bobek, D. N. Cruz, L. Daliento, M. Haapio, H. Hillege, A. House, N. Katz, A. Maisel, S. Mankad, P. McCullough, F. Ronco, A. Shaw, G. Sheinfeld, S. Soni, N. Zamperetti, P. Zanco, C. Ronco, . (2010) ADQI 7: the clinical management of the Cardio-Renal syndromes: work group statements from the 7th ADQI consensus conference. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 25:7, 2077-2089
CrossRef72
Daniel G. Kramer, Thomas A. Trikalinos, David M. Kent, George V. Antonopoulos, Marvin A. Konstam, James E. Udelson. (2010) Quantitative Evaluation of Drug or Device Effects on Ventricular Remodeling as Predictors of Therapeutic Effects on Mortality in Patients With Heart Failure and Reduced Ejection Fraction. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 56:5, 392-406
CrossRef73
(2010) Section 15: Management of Heart Failure in Special Populations. Journal of Cardiac Failure 16:6, e169-e175
CrossRef74
Heart Failure Society of America. (2010) Executive Summary: HFSA 2010 Comprehensive Heart Failure Practice Guideline. Journal of Cardiac Failure 16:6, 475-539
CrossRef75
(2010) Section 13: Evaluation and Therapy for Heart Failure in the Setting of Ischemic Heart Disease. Journal of Cardiac Failure 16:6, e157-e165
CrossRef76
(2010) Section 7: Heart Failure in Patients With Reduced Ejection Fraction. Journal of Cardiac Failure 16:6, e73-e97
CrossRef77
O. James Ekundayo, Chris Adamopoulos, Mustafa I. Ahmed, Bertram Pitt, James B. Young, Jerome L. Fleg, Thomas E. Love, Xuemei Sui, Gilbert J. Perry, David S. Siscovick, George Bakris, Ali Ahmed. (2010) Oral potassium supplement use and outcomes in chronic heart failure: A propensity-matched study. International Journal of Cardiology 141:2, 167-174
CrossRef78
Bodh I Jugdutt. (2010) Heart failure in the elderly: advances and challenges. Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy 8:5, 695-715
CrossRef79
Grigorios Giamouzis, Syed Abbas Agha, O. James Ekundayo, Inmaculada Aban, Thomas E. Love, Casey Daniel, Javed Butler, Ali Ahmed. (2010) Incident coronary revascularization and subsequent mortality in chronic heart failure: A propensity-matched study. International Journal of Cardiology 140:1, 55-59
CrossRef80
Kumanan Wilson. (2010) Evidence-based medicine. The good the bad and the ugly. A clinician's perspective. Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice 16:2, 398-400
CrossRef81
Joseph D. Ma, Shirley M. Tsunoda, Joseph S. Bertino, Meghana Trivedi, Keola K. Beale, Anne N. Nafziger. (2010) Evaluation of In Vivo P-Glycoprotein Phenotyping Probes. Clinical Pharmacokinetics 49:4, 223-237
CrossRef82
Jennifer NA Silva, Charles E Canter. (2010) Current management of pediatric dilated cardiomyopathy. Current Opinion in Cardiology 25:2, 80-87
CrossRef83
Song Yang, Ross Prentice. (2010) Improved Logrank-Type Tests for Survival Data Using Adaptive Weights. Biometrics 66:1, 30-38
CrossRef84
Charles R Salters, Alison L Bailey, Thomas F Whayne. (2010) Current treatment of heart failure in the USA. Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy 8:2, 279-290
CrossRef85
Otto Kamp, Marco Metra, Gilles W. Keulenaer, Burkert Pieske, Viviane Conraads, José Zamorano, Lieven Huysse, Panos E. Vardas, Michael Böhm, Livio Dei Cas. (2010) Effect of the long-term administration of nebivolol on clinical symptoms, exercise capacity and left ventricular function in patients with heart failure and preserved left ventricular ejection fraction: background, aims and design of the ELANDD study. Clinical Research in Cardiology 99:2, 75-82
CrossRef86
Shuijun Li, Gangyi Liu, Jingying Jia, Yi Miao, Shuiming Gu, Peizhi Miao, Xueying Shi, Yiping Wang, Chen Yu. (2010) Therapeutic monitoring of serum digoxin for patients with heart failure using a rapid LC-MS/MS method. Clinical Biochemistry 43:3, 307-313
CrossRef87
A. Vaz Perez, K. Otawa, A. V. Zimmermann, M. Stockburger, U. Muller-Werdan, K. Werdan, H. B. Schmidt, H. Ince, M. Rauchhaus. (2010) The impact of impaired renal function on mortality in patients with acutely decompensated chronic heart failure. European Journal of Heart Failure 12:2, 122-128
CrossRef88
Walter J. Paulus, Joris J.M. van Ballegoij. (2010) Treatment of Heart Failure With Normal Ejection Fraction. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 55:6, 526-537
CrossRef89
Osman Najam, Nizar Yonan, Simon G. Williams, Steven M. Shaw. (2010) The Usefulness of Chronic Heart Failure Treatments in Chronic Cardiac Graft Failure. Cardiovascular Therapeutics 28:1, 48-58
CrossRef90
Mithilesh K Das, Douglas P Zipes. (2010) Antiarrhythmic and Nonantiarrhythmic Drugs for Sudden Cardiac Death Prevention. Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology1
CrossRef91
David Aguilar, Anita Deswal, Kumudha Ramasubbu, Douglas L. Mann, Biykem Bozkurt. (2010) Comparison of Patients With Heart Failure and Preserved Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction Among Those With Versus Without Diabetes Mellitus. The American Journal of Cardiology 105:3, 373-377
CrossRef92
McMurray, John J.V., . (2010) Systolic Heart Failure. New England Journal of Medicine 362:3, 228-238
Full Text93
Katherine Ngo, Dipak Kotecha, Julia AE Walters, Luis Manzano, Alberto Palazzuoli, Dirk J van Veldhuisen, Marcus Flather, Katherine Ngo. 2010. Erythropoiesis-stimulating agents for anaemia in chronic heart failure patients. .
CrossRef94
Meng-Ting Wang, Chen-Yi Su, Agnes L. F. Chan, Pei-Wen Lian, Hsin-Bang Leu, Yu-Juei Hsu. (2010) Risk of digoxin intoxication in heart failure patients exposed to digoxin-diuretic interactions: a population-based study : Digoxin toxicity by digoxin-diuretic interactions. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 70:2, 258
CrossRef95
Allen B. Weisse. (2010) A Fond Farewell to the Foxglove? The Decline in the Use of Digitalis. Journal of Cardiac Failure 16:1, 45-48
CrossRef96
Jens Seiler, William G. Stevenson. (2010) Atrial Fibrillation in Congestive Heart Failure. Cardiology in Review 18:1, 38-50
CrossRef97
N. M. Rogers, T. E. Jones, R. G. Morris. (2010) Frequently discordant results from therapeutic drug monitoring for digoxin: clinical confusion for the prescriber. Internal Medicine Journal 40:1, 52-56
CrossRef98
Arne Hønnås, Arne Reimers, Olav Spigset. (2010) Dosering av digitoksin i klinisk praksis. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening 130:13, 1334-1336
CrossRef99
Åsmund Reikvam. (2010) Endret dosering av digitalis. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening 130:13, 1324-1324
CrossRef100
Lalita A. Bharadwaj. 2009. Cardiac Toxicology. .
CrossRef101
Timothy P. Fitzgibbons, Olga T. Hardy, Darleen Lessard, Joel M. Gore, Jorge Yarzebski, Robert J. Goldberg. (2009) Body mass index, treatment practices, and mortality in patients with acute heart failure. Coronary Artery Disease 20:8, 536-543
CrossRef102
John R. Teerlink, Marco Metra, Valerio Zacà, Hani N. Sabbah, Gadi Cotter, Mihai Gheorghiade, Livio Dei Cas. (2009) Agents with inotropic properties for the management of acute heart failure syndromes. Traditional agents and beyond. Heart Failure Reviews 14:4, 243-253
CrossRef103
Hessel F. Groenveld, Harry J.G.M. Crijns, Michiel Rienstra, Maarten P. Van den Berg, Dirk J. Van Veldhuisen, Isabelle C. Van Gelder. (2009) Does intensity of rate control influence outcome in persistent atrial fibrillation?. American Heart Journal 158:5, 785-791
CrossRef104
Izo Helber, Alexandra A. Dos Santos, Ednei L. Antonio, Ronald L.G. Flumignan, Danilo S. Bocalini, Camila Piccolo, Mihai Gheorghiade, Paulo J.F. Tucci. (2009) Digitoxin Prolongs Survival of Female Rats With Heart Failure Due to Large Myocardial Infarction. Journal of Cardiac Failure 15:9, 798-804
CrossRef105
Christian Hauck, Tatjana Potter, Michaela Bartz, Thorsten Wittwer, Thorsten Wahlers, Uwe Mehlhorn, Georgios Scheiner-Bobis, Alicia A. McDonough, Wilhelm Bloch, Robert H.G. Schwinger, Jochen Müller-Ehmsen. (2009) Isoform specificity of cardiac glycosides binding to human Na+,K+-ATPase α1β1, α2β1 and α3β1. European Journal of Pharmacology 622:1-3, 7-14
CrossRef106
Brenda S. Thompson. (2009) Sudden Cardiac Death and Heart Failure. AACN Advanced Critical Care 20:4, 356-365
CrossRef107
Rashmee U Shah, Liviu Klein, Donald M Lloyd-Jones. (2009) Heart failure in women: epidemiology, biology and treatment. Women's Health 5:5, 517-527
CrossRef108
Jill S. Burkiewicz, Kathy E. Komperda. (2009) An Elective Course on Landmark Trials to Improve Pharmacy Students' Literature Evaluation and Therapeutic Application Skills. American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education 73:2, 31
CrossRef109
J. Häggström, K. Höglund, M. Borgarelli. (2009) An update on treatment and prognostic indicators in canine myxomatous mitral valve disease. Journal of Small Animal Practice 50, 25-33
CrossRef110
A. Brent Alper, Ruth C. Campbell, Stefan D. Anker, George Bakris, Christy Wahle, Thomas E. Love, L. Lee Hamm, Marjan Mujib, Ali Ahmed. (2009) A propensity-matched study of low serum potassium and mortality in older adults with chronic heart failure. International Journal of Cardiology 137:1, 1-8
CrossRef111
C Catananti, R Liperoti, S Settanni, F Lattanzio, R Bernabei, D Fialova, F Landi, G Onder. (2009) Heart Failure and Adverse Drug Reactions Among Hospitalized Older Adults. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics 86:3, 307-310
CrossRef112
Chris Adamopoulos, Bertram Pitt, Xuemei Sui, Thomas E. Love, Faiez Zannad, Ali Ahmed. (2009) Low serum magnesium and cardiovascular mortality in chronic heart failure: A propensity-matched study. International Journal of Cardiology 136:3, 270-277
CrossRef113
Eileen M. Hsich, Ileana L. Piña. (2009) Heart Failure in Women. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 54:6, 491-498
CrossRef114
K. De Silva, R. Katbamna. (2009) Principles of heart failure. InnovAiT 2:7, 423-429
CrossRef115
S. Krishnamoorthy, G. Y.H. Lip. (2009) How safe is the antiarrhythmic drug therapy in atrial fibrillation?. Europace 11:7, 837-839
CrossRef116
Alan B. Miller, Ileana L. Piña. (2009) Understanding Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction: Clinical Importance and Future Outlook. Congestive Heart Failure 15:4, 186-192
CrossRef117
Thomas H. Marwick. (2009) The Deconvolution of Diastole. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 54:1, 47-48
CrossRef118
Pascal Bilbault, Rachid Oubaassine, Hassene Rahmani, Thomas Lavaux, Vincent Castelain, Philippe Sauder, Francis Schneider. (2009) Emergency step-by-step specific immunotherapy in severe digoxin poisoning: an observational cohort study. European Journal of Emergency Medicine 16:3, 145-149
CrossRef119
G. Tasevska-Dinevska, L. M. A. Kennedy, P. M. Nilsson, R. Willenheimer. (2009) Gender aspects on heart failure incidence and mortality in a middle-aged, urban, community-based population sample: the Malmö preventive project. European Journal of Epidemiology 24:5, 249-257
CrossRef120
Ji-Yong Liu, Hai-Ling Yu, Zhe-Shan Quan, Xun Cui, Hu-Ri Piao. (2009) Synthesis and inotropic evaluation of 1-substituted-N-(4,5-dihydro-1-methyl-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]quinolin-7-yl)piperidine-4-carboxamides. Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters 19:9, 2392-2395
CrossRef121
Christine Ritchie, O. James Ekundayo, Maureen Muchimba, Ruth C. Campbell, Stuart J. Frank, Bo Liu, Inmaculada B. Aban, Ali Ahmed. (2009) Effects of diabetes mellitus in patients with heart failure and chronic kidney disease: A propensity-matched study of multimorbidity in chronic heart failure. International Journal of Cardiology 134:3, 330-335
CrossRef122
F.D.R. Hobbs. (2009) Clinical burden and health service challenges of chronic heart failure. European Journal of Heart Failure Supplements 8:Supplement 1, i1-i4
CrossRef123
Sharon Ann Hunt, William T. Abraham, Marshall H. Chin, Arthur M. Feldman, Gary S. Francis, Theodore G. Ganiats, Mariell Jessup, Marvin A. Konstam, Donna M. Mancini, Keith Michl, John A. Oates, Peter S. Rahko, Marc A. Silver, Lynne Warner Stevenson, Clyde W. Yancy. (2009) 2009 Focused Update Incorporated Into the ACC/AHA 2005 Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Heart Failure in Adults. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 53:15, e1-e90
CrossRef124
Leyla Elif Sade, Öykü Gülmez, Umut Özyer, Esra Özgül, Muhteşem Ağıldere, Haldun Müderrisoğlu. (2009) Tissue Doppler Study of the Right Ventricle with a Multisegmental Approach: Comparison with Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography 22:4, 361-368
CrossRef125
H.J. Dargie. (2009) Current controversies in drug use. European Journal of Heart Failure Supplements 8:Supplement 1, i15-i20
CrossRef126
Mariell Jessup, William T. Abraham, Donald E. Casey, Arthur M. Feldman, Gary S. Francis, Theodore G. Ganiats, Marvin A. Konstam, Donna M. Mancini, Peter S. Rahko, Marc A. Silver, Lynne Warner Stevenson, Clyde W. Yancy. (2009) 2009 Focused Update: ACCF/AHA Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Heart Failure in Adults. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 53:15, 1343-1382
CrossRef127
M. Komajda. (2009) Heart failure guidelines in North America and Europe: agreement or disagreement?. European Journal of Heart Failure Supplements 8:Supplement 1, i11-i14
CrossRef128
Henry Krum, William T Abraham. (2009) Heart failure. The Lancet 373:9667, 941-955
CrossRef129
Timothy P. Fitzgibbons, Theo E. Meyer, Gerard P. Aurigemma. (2009) Mortality in Diastolic Heart Failure. Cardiology in Review 17:2, 51-55
CrossRef130
Donah Zachariah, Philip A. Kalra, Paul R. Kalra. (2009) OPTIMAL MANAGEMENT OF CHRONIC HEART FAILURE IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE. Journal of Renal Care 35:1, 2-10
CrossRef131
Wanwarang Wongcharoen, Shih-Ann Chen. (2009) Management of atrial fibrillation in patients with heart failure: from drug therapy to ablation. Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy 7:3, 311-322
CrossRef132
Faramarz Tehrani, Anita Phan, Christopher V. Chien, Ryan P. Morrissey, Asim M. Rafique, Ernst R. Schwarz. (2009) Value of Medical Therapy in Patients >80 Years of Age With Heart Failure and Preserved Ejection Fraction. The American Journal of Cardiology 103:6, 829-833
CrossRef133
Jong-Won Ha, Jae K. Oh. (2009) Therapeutic Strategies for Diastolic Dysfunction: A Clinical Perspective. Journal of Cardiovascular Ultrasound 17:3, 86
CrossRef134
O. James Ekundayo, Maureen Muchimba, Inmaculada B. Aban, Christine Ritchie, Ruth C. Campbell, Ali Ahmed. (2009) Multimorbidity Due to Diabetes Mellitus and Chronic Kidney Disease and Outcomes in Chronic Heart Failure. The American Journal of Cardiology 103:1, 88-92
CrossRef135
Ali Ahmed, Finn Waagstein, Bertram Pitt, Michel White, Faiez Zannad, James B. Young, Shahbudin H. Rahimtoola. (2009) Effectiveness of Digoxin in Reducing One-Year Mortality in Chronic Heart Failure in the Digitalis Investigation Group Trial. The American Journal of Cardiology 103:1, 82-87
CrossRef136
Nicola Acquarone, Cristoforo Castello, Giancarlo Antonucci, Sergio Lione, Paolo Bellotti. (2009) Pharmacologic therapy in patients with chronic heart failure and chronic kidney disease: a complex issue. Journal of Cardiovascular Medicine 10:1, 13-21
CrossRef137
Laurent Fauchier, Caroline Grimard, Bertrand Pierre, Emilie Nonin, Laurent Gorin, Bruno Rauzy, Pierre Cosnay, Dominique Babuty, Bernard Charbonnier. (2009) Comparison of Beta Blocker and Digoxin Alone and in Combination for Management of Patients With Atrial Fibrillation and Heart Failure. The American Journal of Cardiology 103:2, 248-254
CrossRef138
Joshua M Larned, S. Raja Laskar. (2009) Atrial Fibrillation and Heart Failure. Congestive Heart Failure 15:1, 24-30
CrossRef139
Sarah Gorman, Christopher Boos. (2008) Ivabradine in heart failure: what about digoxin?. The Lancet 372:9656, 2113
CrossRef140
J. Paul Rocchiccioli, John J.V. McMurray. (2008) Medical management of advanced heart failure. Progress in Palliative Care 16:5, 229-240
CrossRef141
Aarif Y Khakoo, Edward TH Yeh. (2008) Therapy Insight: management of cardiovascular disease in patients with cancer and cardiac complications of cancer therapy. Nature Clinical Practice Oncology 5:11, 655-667
CrossRef142
Tatjana Mijatovic, Laurent Ingrassia, Vincenzo Facchini, Robert Kiss. (2008) Na + /K + -ATPase α subunits as new targets in anticancer therapy. Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets 12:11, 1403-1417
CrossRef143
REY P. VIVO, SELIM R. KRIM, JOANNE PEREZ, MAHAKIT INKLAB, THOMAS TENNER, JOHN HODGSON. (2008) Digoxin: Current Use and Approach to Toxicity. The American Journal of the Medical Sciences 336:5, 423-428
CrossRef144
Francisco M. Gomez-Soto, José L. Puerto, José L. Andrey, Francisco J. Fernandez, Miguel A. Escobar, Antonio A. Garcia-Egido, Sotero P. Romero, José A. Bernal, F. Gomez. (2008) Consultation between specialists in Internal Medicine and Family Medicine improves management and prognosis of heart failure. European Journal of Internal Medicine 19:7, 548-554
CrossRef145
Ji Chen, Ernest V. Garcia, Stamatios Lerakis, Maureen M. Henneman, Jeroen J. Bax, Mark A. Trimble, Salvador Borges-Neto, Eric J. Velazquez, Ami E. Iskandrian. (2008) Left Ventricular Mechanical Dyssynchrony as Assessed by Phase Analysis of ECG-Gated SPECT Myocardial Perfusion Imaging. Echocardiography 25:10, 1186-1194
CrossRef146
, K. Dickstein, A. Cohen-Solal, G. Filippatos, J. J.V. McMurray, P. Ponikowski, P. A. Poole-Wilson, A. Stromberg, D. J. van Veldhuisen, D. Atar, A. W. Hoes, A. Keren, A. Mebazaa, M. Nieminen, S. G. Priori, K. Swedberg, , A. Vahanian, J. Camm, R. De Caterina, V. Dean, K. Dickstein, G. Filippatos, C. Funck-Brentano, I. Hellemans, S. D. Kristensen, K. McGregor, U. Sechtem, S. Silber, M. Tendera, P. Widimsky, J. L. Zamorano, , M. Tendera, A. Auricchio, J. Bax, M. Bohm, U. Corra, P. della Bella, P. M. Elliott, F. Follath, M. Gheorghiade, Y. Hasin, A. Hernborg, T. Jaarsma, M. Komajda, R. Kornowski, M. Piepoli, B. Prendergast, L. Tavazzi, J.-L. Vachiery, F. W. A. Verheugt, J. L. Zamorano, F. Zannad. (2008) ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure 2008: The Task Force for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute and Chronic Heart Failure 2008 of the European Society of Cardiology. Developed in collaboration with the Heart Failure Association of the ESC (HFA) and endorsed by the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine (ESICM). European Heart Journal 29:19, 2388-2442
CrossRef147
Amit Saad. (2008) The evidence-based paradox and the question of the Tree of Knowledge. Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice 14:5, 650-652
CrossRef148
William G. Henderson, Philip W. Lavori, Peter Peduzzi, Joseph F. Collins, Mike R. Sather, John R. Feussner. 2008. Cooperative Studies Program, US Department of Veterans Affairs. .
CrossRef149
Xuemei Sui, Mihai Gheorghiade, Faiez Zannad, James B. Young, Ali Ahmed. (2008) A propensity matched study of the association of education and outcomes in chronic heart failure. International Journal of Cardiology 129:1, 93-99
CrossRef150
Theresa A McDonagh. (2008) Challenges in advanced chronic heart failure: drug therapy. Future Cardiology 4:5, 517-525
CrossRef151
R. C. Campbell, X. Sui, G. Filippatos, T. E. Love, C. Wahle, P. W. Sanders, A. Ahmed. (2008) Association of chronic kidney disease with outcomes in chronic heart failure: a propensity-matched study. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 24:1, 186-193
CrossRef152
Frédéric Lapostolle, Stephen W. Borron, Carine Verdier, Fabrice Arnaud, James Couvreur, Bruno Mégarbane, Frédéric Baud, Frédéric Adnet. (2008) Assessment of digoxin antibody use in patients with elevated serum digoxin following chronic or acute exposure. Intensive Care Medicine 34:8, 1448-1453
CrossRef153
Marc A. Simon, John Watson, J. Timothy Baldwin, William R. Wagner, Harvey S. Borovetz. (2008) Current and Future Considerations in the Use of Mechanical Circulatory Support Devices*. Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering 10:1, 59-84
CrossRef154
Tatiana A.D. Theodoropoulos, Reinaldo B. Bestetti, Ana Paula Otaviano, José A. Cordeiro, Vanessa C. Rodrigues, Adriana C. Silva. (2008) Predictors of all-cause mortality in chronic Chagas' heart disease in the current era of heart failure therapy. International Journal of Cardiology 128:1, 22-29
CrossRef155
David Feldman, Doron M. Menachemi, William T. Abraham, Randell K. Wexler. (2008) Management Strategies for Stage‐D Patients with Acute Heart Failure. Clinical Cardiology 31:7, 297-301
CrossRef156
K Haynes, DF Heitjan, PA Kanetsky, S Hennessy. (2008) Declining Public Health Burden of Digoxin Toxicity From 1991 to 2004. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics 84:1, 90-94
CrossRef157
Giovanni Gambassi, Syed Abbas Agha, Xuemei Sui, Clyde W. Yancy, Javed Butler, Grigorios Giamouzis, Thomas E. Love, Ali Ahmed. (2008) Race and the Natural History of Chronic Heart Failure: A Propensity-Matched Study. Journal of Cardiac Failure 14:5, 373-378
CrossRef158
Paulus Kirchhof, Lisa Fortmüller, Christoph Waldeyer, Günter Breithardt, Larissa Fabritz. (2008) Drugs that interact with cardiac electro-mechanics: Old and new targets for treatment. Progress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology 97:2-3, 497-512
CrossRef159
S Corbacioglu. (2008) Stem cell transplantation in children: how to design a new study. Bone Marrow Transplantation 41, S30-S34
CrossRef160
Stephanie Neuhold, Martin Hülsmann. (2008) Herzinsuffizienz. Wiener klinische Wochenschrift Education 3:1, 17-33
CrossRef161
Joseph Peuskens, Per Tanghøj, Aurélia Mittoux. (2008) The Sertindole Cohort Prospective (SCoP) study: rationale, design and methodology. Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety 17:5, 425-433
CrossRef162
Ali Ahmed, James B. Young, Thomas E. Love, Raynald Levesque, Betram Pitt. (2008) A propensity-matched study of the effects of chronic diuretic therapy on mortality and hospitalization in older adults with heart failure. International Journal of Cardiology 125:2, 246-253
CrossRef163
Anita Deswal, Lily Zhang. (2008) Treatment of heart failure with preserved systolic function in the elderly. Aging Health 4:2, 157-170
CrossRef164
Robert J. Goldberg, Rovshan M. Ismailov, Vishnu Patlolla, Darleen Lessard, Frederick A. Spencer. (2008) Therapies for Acute Heart Failure in Patients With Reduced Kidney Function: A Community-Based Perspective. American Journal of Kidney Diseases 51:4, 594-602
CrossRef165
Thomas Dieterle, Matthias Pfisterer, Hanspeter Brunner-La Rocca. (2008) Heart failure in the elderly. Aging Health 4:2, 137-155
CrossRef166
Michael Efremidis, Loukas Pappas, Anthony Sideris, Gerasimos Filippatos. (2008) Management of Atrial Fibrillation in Patients With Heart Failure. Journal of Cardiac Failure 14:3, 232-237
CrossRef167
Ali Ahmed, Richard M. Allman, Gregg C. Fonarow, Thomas E. Love, Faiez Zannad, Louis J. Dell'Italia, Michel White, Mihai Gheorghiade. (2008) Incident Heart Failure Hospitalization and Subsequent Mortality in Chronic Heart Failure: A Propensity-Matched Study. Journal of Cardiac Failure 14:3, 211-218
CrossRef168
L. Magro, A. Conforti, F. Zotti, R. Leone, M. L. Iorio, I. Meneghelli, D. Massignani, E. Visonà, U. Moretti. (2008) Identification of severe potential drug-drug interactions using an Italian general-practitioner database. European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 64:3, 303-309
CrossRef169
Malek G. Massad, Sunil M. Prasad, Edgar G. Chedrawy, Himalaya Lele. (2008) A Perspective on the Surgical Management of Congestive Heart Failure. World Journal of Surgery 32:3, 375-380
CrossRef170
Ali Ahmed, Wilbert S. Aronow. (2008) A propensity-matched study of the association of physical function and outcomes in geriatric heart failure. Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics 46:2, 161-172
CrossRef171
Melanie D Everitt, Anji T Yetman. (2008) Congestive heart failure in the pediatric patient with congenital heart disease. Pediatric Health 2:1, 33-45
CrossRef172
Grigorios Giamouzis, Xuemei Sui, Thomas E. Love, Javed Butler, James B. Young, Ali Ahmed. (2008) A Propensity-Matched Study of the Association of Cardiothoracic Ratio With Morbidity and Mortality in Chronic Heart Failure††The Digitalis Investigation Group (DIG) study was conducted and supported by the NHLBI in collaboration with the DIG investigators. This report was prepared using a limited-access data set obtained by the NHLBI and does not necessarily reflect the opinions or views of the DIG study or the NHLBI.. The American Journal of Cardiology 101:3, 343-347
CrossRef173
William H Frishman, Wilbert S Aronow, Angela Cheng-Lai. 2008. Cardiovascular Drug Therapy in the Elderly. , 99-136.
CrossRef174
An-Sheng Lee, Tian-Shung Wu, Ming-Jai Su. (2008) Pharmacological profile of the new inotropic agent AT-11. European Journal of Pharmacology 580:1-2, 224-230
CrossRef175
Renee Margossian. (2008) Contemporary management of pediatric heart failure. Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy 6:2, 187-197
CrossRef176
Dalane W. Kitzman, Jerome L. Fleg. 2008. Heart Failure. , 542-576.
CrossRef177
Nancy L. Geller. (2008) Discussion on “Second-Guessing Clinical Trial Designs” by Jonathan J. Shuster and Myron N. Chang. Sequential Analysis 27:1, 41-45
CrossRef178
Arthur L. Riba. (2008) Evidence-Based Performance and Quality Improvement in the Acute Cardiac Care Setting. Critical Care Clinics 24:1, 201-229
CrossRef179
M. Carles, J. Dellamonica, A. Raucoules-Aimé. (2008) Anestesia e rianimazione del paziente diabetico. EMC - Anestesia-Rianimazione 13:1, 1-21
CrossRef180
Darcy A. Lamb, David F. Blackburn, Anne M. PausJenssen, William M. Semchuk, Patrick Robertson. (2008) Heart failure: Back to basics for pharmacists. Canadian Pharmacists Journal 141:1, 48-57
CrossRef181
ANNE S. KANDERIAN, AJAY BHARGAVA, GARY S. FRANCIS. 2008. General Treatment of Diastolic Heart Failure. , 415-427.
CrossRef182
Ali Ahmed, Bertram Pitt, Shahbudin H. Rahimtoola, Finn Waagstein, Michel White, Thomas E. Love, Eugene Braunwald. (2008) Effects of digoxin at low serum concentrations on mortality and hospitalization in heart failure: A propensity-matched study of the DIG trial. International Journal of Cardiology 123:2, 138-146
CrossRef183
G. G. Belz, K. Breithaupt-Grögler, U. Osowski. (2008) Treatment of congestive heart failure - current status of use of digitoxin. European Journal of Clinical Investigation 31:S2, 10
CrossRef184
Suzanne B. Brown, Richard P. Shannon. (2008) Improving Medication Compliance in Patients With Heart Failure. The American Journal of Cardiology 101:2, 274-277
CrossRef185
Benoît Allenet, Étienne Brudieu, Jean-Philippe Baguet, François Gimenez†, Claude Cassat. 2008. Traitement de l'insuffisance cardiaque. , 101-125.
CrossRef186
Mary A. Foulkes. 2007. Large Simple Trials. .
CrossRef187
Alipio Mangas Rojas, Francisco Gómez Rodríguez. (2007) Tratamiento multifactorial de la arteriosclerosis. Medicina Clínica 129:20, 785-796
CrossRef188
I. Cascorbi. (2007) Pharmakogenetik in der Kardiologie. Der Kardiologe 1:4, 272-280
CrossRef189
Chiung-Zuan Chiu, Jun-Jack Cheng. (2007) Congestive Heart Failure in the Elderly. International Journal of Gerontology 1:4, 143-152
CrossRef190
Wilbert S. Aronow. (2007) Treatment of Heart Failure with Normal Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction. Comprehensive Therapy 33:4, 223-230
CrossRef191
Giuseppe Lippi, Gian Luca Salvagno, Martina Montagnana, Giorgio Brocco, Gian Cesare Guidi. (2007) Appropriateness of serum digoxin levels. European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 63:12, 1201-1202
CrossRef192
Ozioma C. Okonkwo, Xuemei Sui, Ali Ahmed. (2007) Disease-Specific Depression and Outcomes in Chronic Heart Failure: A Propensity Score Analysis. Comprehensive Therapy 33:2, 65-70
CrossRef193
Massimiliano Maines, Domenico Catanzariti, Claudio Cemin, Chiara Vaccarini, Giuseppe Vergara. (2007) Usefulness of intrathoracic fluids accumulation monitoring with an implantable biventricular defibrillator in reducing hospitalizations in patients with heart failure: A case-control study. Journal of Interventional Cardiac Electrophysiology 19:3, 201-207
CrossRef194
Paul A. Heidenreich, Gregg C. Fonarow. (2007) Quality Indicators for the Care of Heart Failure in Vulnerable Elders. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 55, S340-S346
CrossRef195
Christopher M. O'Connor, Pradeep Arumugham. (2007) Inotropic Drugs and Neurohormonal Antagonists in the Treatment of HF in the Elderly. Heart Failure Clinics 3:4, 477-484
CrossRef196
Aaron S. Blom, Michael A. Acker. (2007) The Surgical Treatment of End-Stage Heart Failure. Current Problems in Cardiology 32:10, 553-599
CrossRef197
Wilbert S. Aronow. (2007) Treatment of Heart Failure with Abnormal Left Ventricular Systolic Function in the Elderly. Heart Failure Clinics 3:4, 423-436
CrossRef198
Wilbert S. Aronow. (2007) Heart Failure–Complicating Acute Myocardial Infarction. Heart Failure Clinics 3:4, 465-475
CrossRef199
Ali Ahmed. (2007) DEFEAT Heart Failure: Clinical Manifestations, Diagnostic Assessment, and Etiology of Geriatric Heart Failure. Heart Failure Clinics 3:4, 389-402
CrossRef200
James F. Neuenschwander, Ragavendra R. Baliga. (2007) Acute Decompensated Heart Failure. Critical Care Clinics 23:4, 737-758
CrossRef201
David Rosen, Matthew V. Decaro, Mark G. Graham. (2007) Evidence-based Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure. Comprehensive Therapy 33:1, 2-17
CrossRef202
Pär Hallberg, Johan Lindbäck, Bertil Lindahl, Ulf Stenestrand, Håkan Melhus, . (2007) Digoxin and mortality in atrial fibrillation: a prospective cohort study. European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 63:10, 959-971
CrossRef203
C. Maack, B. O'Rourke. (2007) Excitation-contraction coupling and mitochondrial energetics. Basic Research in Cardiology 102:5, 369-392
CrossRef204
B. Cremers, C. Maack, M. Böhm. (2007) Präoperative Risikobeurteilung bei Herzinsuffizienz. Der Internist 48:9, 921-928
CrossRef205
Nipon Chattipakorn, Tanat Incharoen, Natnicha Kanlop, Siriporn Chattipakorn. (2007) Heart rate variability in myocardial infarction and heart failure. International Journal of Cardiology 120:3, 289-296
CrossRef206
Tatjana Mijatovic, Eric Van Quaquebeke, Bruno Delest, Olivier Debeir, Francis Darro, Robert Kiss. (2007) Cardiotonic steroids on the road to anti-cancer therapy. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Reviews on Cancer 1776:1, 32-57
CrossRef207
Tamás L. Török. (2007) Electrogenic Na+/Ca2+-exchange of nerve and muscle cells. Progress in Neurobiology 82:6, 287-347
CrossRef208
Roger J.F. Baskett, Derek V. Exner, Gregory M. Hirsch, William A. Ghali. (2007) Mitral insufficiency and morbidity and mortality in left ventricular dysfunction. Canadian Journal of Cardiology 23:10, 797-800
CrossRef209
Wilbert S. Aronow, William H. Frishman, Angela Cheng-Lai. (2007) Cardiovascular Drug Therapy in the Elderly. Cardiology in Review 15:4, 195-215
CrossRef210
Ali Ahmed, Giovanni Gambassi, Michael T. Weaver, James B. Young, William H. Wehrmacher, Michael W. Rich. (2007) Effects of Discontinuation of Digoxin Versus Continuation at Low Serum Digoxin Concentrations in Chronic Heart Failure. The American Journal of Cardiology 100:2, 280-284
CrossRef211
Lynn M. Fedoruk, Curtis G. Tribble, John A. Kern, Benjamin B. Peeler, Irving L. Kron. (2007) Predicting Operative Mortality After Surgery for Ischemic Cardiomyopathy. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 83:6, 2029-2035
CrossRef212
David Cella, Susan Yount, Nan Rothrock, Richard Gershon, Karon Cook, Bryce Reeve, Deborah Ader, James F. Fries, Bonnie Bruce, Mattias Rose. (2007) The Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS). Medical Care 45:Suppl 1, S3-S11
CrossRef213
Luis Beck-da-Silva, Luis E. Rohde, Livia Goldraich, Nadine Clausell. (2007) Clinical Findings, Natriuretic Peptides, and Echocardiography: Integrating Tools to Optimize Heart Failure Management. Congestive Heart Failure 13:3, 158-163
CrossRef214
Viviane Nguyen, Anique Ducharme, Michel White, Normand Racine, Eileen O'Meara, Bin Zhang, Jean L. Rouleau, James Brophy. (2007) Lack of Long-Term Benefits of a 6-Month Heart Failure Disease Management Program. Journal of Cardiac Failure 13:4, 287-293
CrossRef215
Yuksel Cavusoglu. (2007) The use of levosimendan in comparison and in combination with dobutamine in the treatment of decompensated heart failure. Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy 8:5, 665-677
CrossRef216
Clyde W. Yancy, Henry Krum, Barry M. Massie, Marc A. Silver, Lynne Warner Stevenson, Mei Cheng, Sun Sook Kim, Rosemary Evans. (2007) The Second Follow-up Serial Infusions of Nesiritide (FUSION II) trial for advanced heart failure: Study rationale and design. American Heart Journal 153:4, 478-484
CrossRef217
Yohannes Gebreegziabher, Amgad N Makaryus, John N Makaryus, Samy I McFarlane. (2007) Heart failure: metabolic derangements and therapeutic rationale. Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy 5:2, 331-343
CrossRef218
Shoaib Alam, Harold I. Palevsky. (2007) Standard Therapies for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Clinics in Chest Medicine 28:1, 91-115
CrossRef219
A. Ahmed. (2007) Digoxin and Reduction in Mortality and Hospitalization in Geriatric Heart Failure: Importance of Low Doses and Low Serum Concentrations. The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences 62:3, 323-329
CrossRef220
Wilbert S. Aronow. (2007) Treatment of Heart Failure with Abnormal Left Ventricular Systolic Function in the Elderly. Clinics in Geriatric Medicine 23:1, 61-81
CrossRef221
Ali Ahmed, Michael R. Zile, Michael W. Rich, Jerome L. Fleg, Kirkwood F. Adams, Thomas E. Love, James B. Young, Wilbert S. Aronow, Dalane W. Kitzman, Mihai Gheorghiade, Louis J. Dell’Italia. (2007) Hospitalizations Due to Unstable Angina Pectoris in Diastolic and Systolic Heart Failure. The American Journal of Cardiology 99:4, 460-464
CrossRef222
Rony L. Shammas, Nazim Uddin Azam Khan, Rajasekar Nekkanti, Assad Movahed. (2007) Diastolic heart failure and left ventricular diastolic dysfunction: What we know, and what we don't know!. International Journal of Cardiology 115:3, 284-292
CrossRef223
Ali Ahmed. (2007) A Propensity Matched Study of New York Heart Association Class and Natural History End Points in Heart Failure. The American Journal of Cardiology 99:4, 549-553
CrossRef224
Ali Ahmed. (2007) Clinical Manifestations, Diagnostic Assessment, and Etiology of Heart Failure in Older Adults. Clinics in Geriatric Medicine 23:1, 11-30
CrossRef225
&NA;. (2007) Understanding the mechanisms and manifestations of digoxin toxicity helps in its management and treatment. Drugs & Therapy Perspectives 23:2, 20-23
CrossRef226
Christopher M. O'Connor, Pradeep Arumugham. (2007) Inotropic Drugs and Neurohormonal Antagonists in the Treatment of HF in the Elderly. Clinics in Geriatric Medicine 23:1, 141-153
CrossRef227
Ali Ahmed, Michael W. Rich, Paul W. Sanders, Gilbert J. Perry, George L. Bakris, Michael R. Zile, Thomas E. Love, Inmaculada B. Aban, Michael G. Shlipak. (2007) Chronic Kidney Disease Associated Mortality in Diastolic Versus Systolic Heart Failure: A Propensity Matched Study. The American Journal of Cardiology 99:3, 393-398
CrossRef228
Wilbert S. Aronow. (2007) Heart-Failure–Complicating Acute Myocardial Infarction. Clinics in Geriatric Medicine 23:1, 123-139
CrossRef229
Eman Hamad, Paul J Mather, Siva Srinivasan, Sharon Rubin, David J Whellan, Arthur M Feldman. (2007) Pharmacologic Therapy of Chronic Heart Failure. American Journal of Cardiovascular Drugs 7:4, 235-248
CrossRef230
Gregor Leibundgut, Matthias Pfisterer, Hans-Peter Brunner-La Rocca. (2007) Drug Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure in the Elderly. Drugs & Aging 24:12, 991-1006
CrossRef231
Leonardo De Luca, Gregg C. Fonarow, Alexandre Mebazaa, David D. Shin, Sean P. Collins, Karl Swedberg, Mihai Gheorghiade. (2007) Early pharmacological treatment of acute heart failure syndromes: A systematic review of clinical trials. Acute Cardiac Care 9:1, 10-21
CrossRef232
(2007) Traitement médicamenteux du diabète de type 2recommandation de bonne pratique. Diabetes & Metabolism 33:1, S26-S105
CrossRef233
Masayuki Matsumoto. (2007) Clinical aspects of cardiac failure in the elderly people. Nippon Ronen Igakkai Zasshi. Japanese Journal of Geriatrics 44:5, 582-584
CrossRef234
Wilhelm Schoner, Georgios Scheiner-Bobis. (2007) Endogenous and Exogenous Cardiac Glycosides and their Mechanisms of Action. American Journal of Cardiovascular Drugs 7:3, 173-189
CrossRef235
S. Rehberg, C. Ertmer, H. Aken, M. Lange, K. Bröking, A. Morelli, M. Westphal. (2007) Rolle von Levosimendan in der intensivmedizinischen Behandlung des myokardialen Pumpversagens. Der Anaesthesist 56:1, 30-43
CrossRef236
Alan D. Waggoner, Deborah A. Agler, David B. Adams. (2007) Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy and the Emerging Role of Echocardiography (Part 1): Indications and Results from Current Studies. Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography 20:1, 70-75
CrossRef237
Sak Lee, Byung-Chul Chang, Kyung-Jong Yoo, You-Sun Hong, Meyun-Shick Kang. (2007) Clinical Results of Coronary Revascularization in Left Ventricular Dysfunction. Circulation Journal 71:12, 1862-1866
CrossRef238
J ABBOTT. 2007. Acquired Valvular Disease. , 59-70.
CrossRef239
J ABBOTT. 2007. Management of Heart Failure. , 81-92.
CrossRef240
Wilbert S. Aronow. (2006) Treatment of heart failure with decreased left ventricular ejection fraction. Comprehensive Therapy 32:4, 218-225
CrossRef241
Jill M. Gelow, James C. Fang. (2006) Update in the Approach to and Management of Heart Failure. Southern Medical Journal 99:12, 1346-1355
CrossRef242
Joseph A Franciosa. (2006) Fixed combination isosorbide dinitrate–hydralazine for nitric-oxide-enhancing therapy in heart failure. Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy 7:18, 2521-2531
CrossRef243
Ravi G. Assomull, Sanjay K. Prasad, Jonathan Lyne, Gillian Smith, Elizabeth D. Burman, Mohammed Khan, Mary N. Sheppard, Philip A. Poole-Wilson, Dudley J. Pennell. (2006) Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance, Fibrosis, and Prognosis in Dilated Cardiomyopathy. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 48:10, 1977-1985
CrossRef244
Dan R. Berlowitz, Donald R. Miller, Susan A. Oliveria, Fran Cunningham, Andres Gomez-Caminero, James A. Rothendler. (2006) Differential associations of beta-blockers with hemorrhagic events for chronic heart failure patients on warfarin. Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety 15:11, 799-807
CrossRef245
Masao Endoh, Masatsugu Hori. (2006) Acute heart failure: inotropic agents and their clinical uses. Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy 7:16, 2179-2202
CrossRef246
Nicolas W Shammas. 2006. Congestive Heart Failure: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and Current Therapies. , 525-544.
CrossRef247
Ali Ahmed, Thomas E. Love, Xuemei Sui, Michael W. Rich. (2006) Effects of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors in Systolic Heart Failure Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease: A Propensity Score Analysis. Journal of Cardiac Failure 12:7, 499-506
CrossRef248
Michael W. Rich. (2006) Heart Failure in Older Adults. Medical Clinics of North America 90:5, 863-885
CrossRef249
Francesc Formiga, David Chivite, Nicolás Manito, Ramon Pujol. (2006) Perfil de uso de la digoxina en pacientes ingresados por insuficiencia cardíaca. Medicina Clínica 127:10, 397
CrossRef250
Leanne Groban, John Butterworth. (2006) Perioperative Management of Chronic Heart Failure. Anesthesia & Analgesia 103:3, 557-575
CrossRef251
Craig H. Selzman, Rajendra S. Bhati, Brett C. Sheridan, William E. Stansfield, Michael R. Mill. (2006) Surgical Therapy for Heart Failure. Journal of the American College of Surgeons 203:2, 226-239
CrossRef252
Jay N. Cohn. (2006) Efficacy and Safety in Clinical Trials in Cardiovascular Disease. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 48:3, 430-433
CrossRef253
Ali Ahmed, Wilbert S. Aronow, Jerome L. Fleg. (2006) Predictors of Mortality and Hospitalization in Women with Heart Failure in the Digitalis Investigation Group Trial. American Journal of Therapeutics 13:4, 325-331
CrossRef254
María G. Crespo Leiro, María J. Paniagua Martín. (2006) Insuficiencia cardiaca. ¿Son diferentes las mujeres?. Revista Española de Cardiología 59:7, 725-735
CrossRef255
Brian R Dulin, Henry Krum. (2006) Drug therapy of chronic heart failure in the elderly: the current state of clinical-trial evidence. Current Opinion in Cardiology 21:4, 393-399
CrossRef256
Nezihi Baris, Sule Kalkan, Sema Güneri, Volkan Bozdemir, Hulya Guven. (2006) Influence of carvedilol on serum digoxin levels in heart failure: is there any gender difference?. European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 62:7, 535-538
CrossRef257
Michael A. Crouch. (2006) Pharmacotherapy Implications of Revised Chronic Heart Failure Guidelines. The Consultant Pharmacist 21:7, 576-582
CrossRef258
Eric L. Eisenstein, Salim Yusuf, Vishal Bindal, Martial G. Bourassa, Anne Horney, Joseph F. Collins, Daniel B. Mark. (2006) What Is the Economic Value of Digoxin Therapy in Congestive Heart Failure Patients? Results From the DIG Trial. Journal of Cardiac Failure 12:5, 336-342
CrossRef259
Beatrice Wong, Maureen P. Flattery. (2006) Use of Digoxin in the Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure. Progress in Cardiovascular Nursing 21:3, 158-161
CrossRef260
Bertram Pitt. (2006) Whither Withering? The Role of Digoxin in Patients With Heart Failure Due to Systolic Left Ventricular Dysfunction in Sinus Rhythm. Journal of Cardiac Failure 12:5, 347-348
CrossRef261
Zainal Hussain, Jason Swindle, Paul J. Hauptman. (2006) Digoxin Use and Digoxin Toxicity in the Post-DIG Trial Era. Journal of Cardiac Failure 12:5, 343-346
CrossRef262
Michael L. Hess. (2006) Premise: Digoxin Is a Drug Looking for Its Place in the Museum of Medical History. Progress in Cardiovascular Nursing 21:3, 156-157
CrossRef263
Cândida Fonseca. (2006) Diagnosis of heart failure in primary care. Heart Failure Reviews 11:2, 95-107
CrossRef264
Douglas N. Carroll, Timothy M. Murray. (2006) Prevalence of Nonoptimal Serum Digoxin Concentrations in a Cohort of Patients with Heart Failure. Hospital Pharmacy 41:6, 538-541
CrossRef265
Michael Domanski, Xin Tian, Mark Haigney, Bertram Pitt. (2006) Diuretic Use, Progressive Heart Failure, and Death in Patients in the DIG Study. Journal of Cardiac Failure 12:5, 327-332
CrossRef266
Rachele Adorisio, Leonardo De Luca, Joseph Rossi, Mihai Gheorghiade. (2006) Pharmacological treatment of chronic heart failure. Heart Failure Reviews 11:2, 109-123
CrossRef267
Juan Tamargo, Eva Delpón, Ricardo Caballero. (2006) The safety of digoxin as a pharmacological treatment of atrial fibrillation. Expert Opinion on Drug Safety 5:3, 453-467
CrossRef268
Wei Yue Sun, Ira W. Reiser, Shyan-Yih Chou. (2006) Risk Factors for Acute Renal Insufficiency Induced by Diuretics in Patients With Congestive Heart Failure. American Journal of Kidney Diseases 47:5, 798-808
CrossRef269
Markus Flesch, Erland Erdmann. (2006) The problem of polypharmacy in heart failure. Current Cardiology Reports 8:3, 217-225
CrossRef270
Wilbert S. Aronow. (2006) Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, Prognosis, and Treatment of Systolic and Diastolic Heart Failure. Cardiology in Review 14:3, 108-124
CrossRef271
M. Böhm, N. Werner, M. Kindermann. (2006) Stand der medikamentösen Therapie bei chronischer Herzinsuffizienz. Clinical Research in Cardiology 95:S4, 36-56
CrossRef272
Gastone Sabbadini, Marco Metra, Andrea Di Lenarda, Savina Nodari, Gianfranco Sinagra, Livio Dei Cas. (2006) Managing heart failure in the very old. Aging Health 2:2, 253-275
CrossRef273
Susanne E. Rising, Justin M. Welch, Ji M. Koo. (2006) Association of Mortality Risk with High Serum Digoxin Concentrations. Hospital Pharmacy 41:4, 343-347
CrossRef274
John P. Keogh, Jeevan R. Kunta. (2006) Development, validation and utility of an in vitro technique for assessment of potential clinical drug–drug interactions involving P-glycoprotein. European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 27:5, 543-554
CrossRef275
T NG. (2006) Contemporary Issues in the Pharmacologic Management of Acute Heart Failure. Critical Care Clinics 22:2, 199-219
CrossRef276
Lisa M. Mielniczuk, Anju Nohria. 2006. Inotropic Therapy in Heart Failure Management. , 137-154.
CrossRef277
Michael M. Givertz. 2006. Diet, Metabolic Syndrome, and Obesity. , 37-58.
CrossRef278
Wolfgang G. Toller, Christian Stranz. (2006) Levosimendan, a New Inotropic and Vasodilator Agent. Anesthesiology 104:3, 556-569
CrossRef279
Stuart D. Russell. 2006. Acute Heart Failure. , 203-226.
CrossRef280
Aileen Aponte, Norma Osborn, Joanne R Weintraub, Michelle A Young. 2006. Education, Psychosocial Issues, and Sociodemographic Barriers in Heart Failure Disease Management. , 511-530.
CrossRef281
Michael M. Givertz, James C. Fang. 2006. Diastolic Heart Failure. , 227-246.
CrossRef282
A. Javier Trujillo-Santos, Soraya Domingo-González, Jerónimo Gonzalo-Blanquer, Emilio Perea-Milla, Alberto Jiménez-Puente, Javier García-Alegría. (2006) Indicadores de calidad relacionados con el reingreso y la muerte precoces tras la hospitalización por insuficiencia cardíaca. Medicina Clínica 126:5, 165-169
CrossRef283
Mart??n J Garc??a Gonz??lez, Alberto Dom??nguez Rodr??guez. (2006) Pharmacologic Treatment of Heart Failure due to Ventricular Dysfunction by Myocardial Stunning. American Journal of Cardiovascular Drugs 6:2, 69-75
CrossRef284
Yair Feld, Shay Dubi, Yotam Reisner, Ehud Schwammenthal, Amir Elami. (2006) Future strategies for the treatment of diastolic heart failure. Acute Cardiac Care 8:1, 13-20
CrossRef285
Wilbert S. Aronow. (2006) Treatment of Systolic and Diastolic Heart Failure in the Elderly. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association 7:1, 29-36
CrossRef286
Lois S. Lee, Lingtak-Neander Chan. (2006) Evaluation of a Sex-Based Difference in the Pharmacokinetics of Digoxin. Pharmacotherapy 26:1, 44-50
CrossRef287
2006. Cardiac glycosides. , 648-674.
CrossRef288
Clyde W. Yancy, Margarita Lopatin, Lynne Warner Stevenson, Teresa De Marco, Gregg C. Fonarow. (2006) Clinical Presentation, Management, and In-Hospital Outcomes of Patients Admitted With Acute Decompensated Heart Failure With Preserved Systolic Function. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 47:1, 76-84
CrossRef289
Jerry L Bauman, Robert J DiDomenico, William L Galanter. (2006) Mechanisms, Manifestations, and Management of Digoxin Toxicity in the Modern Era. American Journal of Cardiovascular Drugs 6:2, 77-86
CrossRef290
W. S. Aronow. (2005) Drug Treatment of Systolic and of Diastolic Heart Failure in Elderly Persons. The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences 60:12, 1597-1605
CrossRef291
Claudio Pedone, Andrea Corsonello, Luciana Carosella, Raffaele Antonelli-Incalzi. (2005) Comparison of digitalis-related adverse events in hospitalized men and women in Italy: An observational study. Clinical Therapeutics 27:12, 1922-1929
CrossRef292
Ulf Landmesser, Helmut Drexler. (2005) Chronic heart failure: an overview of conventional treatment versus novel approaches. Nature Clinical Practice Cardiovascular Medicine 2:12, 628-638
CrossRef293
G. de Gevigney, S. Fol, F. Delahaye. (2005) Données physiopathologiques et implications thérapeutiques au cours de l'insuffisance cardiaque gauche. La Revue de Médecine Interne 26:11, 874-884
CrossRef294
A. Ahmed. (2005) Association of Diastolic Dysfunction and Outcomes in Ambulatory Older Adults With Chronic Heart Failure. The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences 60:10, 1339-1344
CrossRef295
Peter Carson, Barry M. Massie, Robert McKelvie, John McMurray, Michel Komajda, Michael Zile, Agata Ptaszynska, Gerald Frangin. (2005) The Irbesartan in Heart Failure With Preserved Systolic Function (I-PRESERVE) Trial: Rationale and Design. Journal of Cardiac Failure 11:8, 576-585
CrossRef296
M.G. Crespo Leiro, R. Marzoa Rivas, M.J. Paniagua Martín, A. Castro Beiras. (2005) Miocardiopatías: concepto, clasificación. Miocardiopatía dilatada idiopática. Medicine - Programa de Formación Médica Continuada Acreditado 9:42, 2765-2774
CrossRef297
E. B. Wu, C. M. Yu. (2005) Management of diastolic heart failure - a practical review of pathophysiology and treatment trial data. International Journal of Clinical Practice 59:10, 1239-1246
CrossRef298
Ernest L. Fallen. (2005) Vagal Afferent Stimulation as a Cardioprotective Strategy? Introducing the Concept. Annals of Noninvasive Electrocardiology 10:4, 441-446
CrossRef299
BRIAN ANDERSON, NOEL CRANSWICK. (2005) The placebo (I shall please) - is it so pleasing in children?. Pediatric Anesthesia 15:10, 809-813
CrossRef300
JOHN J V MCMURRAY. (2005) Chronic kidney disease in patients with cardiac disease: A review of evidence-based treatment. Kidney International 68:4, 1419-1426
CrossRef301
Michael A. Crouch. (2005) Chronic Heart Failure: Developments and Perspectives. The Consultant Pharmacist 20:9, 751-765
CrossRef302
Sharon Ann Hunt. (2005) ACC/AHA 2005 Guideline Update for the Diagnosis and Management of Chronic Heart Failure in the Adult. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 46:6, e1-e82
CrossRef303
Frank A. Cuoco, Steven N. Singh. (2005) Nonsustained ventricular tachycardia in dilated cardiomyopathy. Current Cardiology Reports 7:5, 368-375
CrossRef304
Kirkwood F. Adams, J. Herbert Patterson, Wendy A. Gattis, Christopher M. O’Connor, Craig R. Lee, Todd A. Schwartz, Mihai Gheorghiade. (2005) Relationship of Serum Digoxin Concentration to Mortality and Morbidity in Women in the Digitalis Investigation Group Trial. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 46:3, 497-504
CrossRef305
Daniel J. Garry, Sean C. Goetsch, Amanda J. McGrath, Pradeep P.A. Mammen. (2005) Alternative Therapies for Orthotopic Heart Transplantation. The American Journal of the Medical Sciences 330:2, 88-101
CrossRef306
James B. Young. (2005) Whither Withering’s Legacy?. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 46:3, 505-507
CrossRef307
U. C. Hoppe, M. Böhm, R. Dietz, P. Hanrath, H. K. Kroemer, A. Osterspey, A. A. Schmaltz, E. Erdmann. (2005) Leitlinien zur Therapie der chronischen Herzinsuffizienz. Zeitschrift für Kardiologie 94:8, 488-509
CrossRef308
William G. Henderson, Philip W. Lavori, Peter Peduzzi, Joseph F. Collins, Mike R. Sather, John R. Feussner. 2005. Cooperative Studies Program, US Department of Veterans Affairs. .
CrossRef309
Nancy L. Geller, Lawrence M. Friedman. 2005. Cooperative Heart Disease Trials. .
CrossRef310
Ehab S. EL Desoky, Rajanikanth Madabushi, Salah EL Din A Amry, Venkatesh Atul Bhattaram, Hartmut Derendorf. (2005) Application of Two-Point Assay of Digoxin Serum Concentration in Studying Population Pharmacokinetics in Egyptian Pediatric Patients with Heart Failure: Does It Make Sense?. American Journal of Therapeutics 12:4, 320-327
CrossRef311
Reinhard Rychlik, Hanna Rulhoff. (2005) Socioeconomic relevance of selected treatment strategies in patients with chronic heart failure. Expert Review of Pharmacoeconomics & Outcomes Research 5:3, 277-286
CrossRef312
M.G. Crespo Leiro, R. Marzoa Rivas, M.J. Paniagua Martín, A. Castro Beiras. (2005) Tratamiento de la insuficiencia cardíaca aguda. Medicine - Programa de Formación Médica Continuada Acreditado 9:35, 2308-2317
CrossRef313
I.P. Garrido Bravo, J.Á. Rodríguez Fernández, J. García de Lara, A. Castro Beiras. (2005) Tratamiento de la insuficiencia cardíaca crónica. Medicine - Programa de Formación Médica Continuada Acreditado 9:35, 2318-2326
CrossRef314
M. Cabré Roure. (2005) Tratamiento de la insuficiencia cardíaca en fase muy avanzada. FMC - Formación Médica Continuada en Atención Primaria 12:5, 315-324
CrossRef315
John JV McMurray, Marc A Pfeffer. (2005) Heart failure. The Lancet 365:9474, 1877-1889
CrossRef316
Domenic A. Sica, Mark Wood, Michael Hess. (2005) Gender and Its Effect in Cardiovascular Pharmacotherapeutics: Recent Considerations. Congestive Heart Failure 11:3, 163-166
CrossRef317
Denise D. Barnard. (2005) Heart failure in women. Current Cardiology Reports 7:3, 159-165
CrossRef318
U. C. Hoppe, E. Erdmann. (2005) Digitalis in heart failure! Still applicable?. Zeitschrift für Kardiologie 94:5, 307-311
CrossRef319
Margareta Westerbotn, Hedda Agüero-Torres, Johan Fastbom, Pernilla Hillerås. (2005) A population-based study on well-being in the very old: the role of cardiovascular diseases and drugs. Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics 40:3, 287-297
CrossRef320
Gerald V. Naccarelli, Mary Ann Lukas. (2005) Carvedilol's antiarrhythmic properties: Therapeutic implications in patients with left ventricular dysfunction. Clinical Cardiology 28:4, 165-173
CrossRef321
A. T. Demiryurek, S. Demiryurek. (2005) Cardiotoxicity of digitalis glycosides: roles of autonomic pathways, autacoids and ion channels. Autonomic and Autacoid Pharmacology 25:2, 35-52
CrossRef322
Lilian Grigorian Shamagian, Alfonso Varela Román, Alejandro Virgos Lamela, Pedro Rigueiro Veloso, José M. García Acuña, José R. González-Juanatey. (2005) Evolución a largo plazo de la prescripción de fármacos en pacientes hospitalizados por insuficiencia cardíaca congestiva. Influencia del patrón de disfunción. Revista Española de Cardiología 58:4, 381-388
CrossRef323
Robert A. Ruelaz, Shahbudin H. Rahimtoola. (2005) Was it Digoxin Toxicity?…Very Likely. Journal of Cardiac Failure 11:2, 87-90
CrossRef324
Marcio Lerch Stürmer, Mario Talajic, Bernard Thibault, Peter G. Guerra, Marc Dubuc, Paul Novak, Denis Roy. (2005) Management of Atrial Fibrillation in Patients With Congestive Heart Failure. The American Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 14:2, 91-94
CrossRef325
M. Domanski, J. Fleg, M. Bristow, S. Knox. (2005) The Effect of Gender on Outcome in Digitalis-Treated Heart Failure Patients. Journal of Cardiac Failure 11:2, 83-86
CrossRef326
D. J. Touw, C. Neef, A. H. Thomson, A. A. Vinks. (2005) Cost-Effectiveness of Therapeutic Drug Monitoring. Therapeutic Drug Monitoring 27:1, 10-17
CrossRef327
Jerry H. Gurwitz. (2005) The Age/Gender Interface in Geriatric Pharmacotherapy. Journal of Women's Health 14:1, 68-72
CrossRef328
Christian J.F. Holubarsch. (2005) Evidenz-basierte Medizin mit Wei
dorn-Extrakt: Ein Phytopharmakon ist einen weiten Weg gegangen. Pharmazie in unserer Zeit 34:1, 58-64
CrossRef329
Andrew Boyle, Monica Colvin-Adams. (2004) Recipient selection and management. Seminars in Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 16:4, 358-363
CrossRef330
Masao Endoh. (2004) A Na + channel agonist: a potential cardiotonic agent with a novel mechanism?. British Journal of Pharmacology 143:6, 663-665
CrossRef331
Thomas G. Pickering. (2004) Heart Failure and Hypertension: The Diastolic Dilemma. The Journal of Clinical Hypertension 6:11, 647-650
CrossRef332
John C Somberg, Janos Molnar. (2004) The Pharmacologic Treatment of Heart Failure. American Journal of Therapeutics 11:6, 480-488
CrossRef333
Robert E Hobbs. (2004) Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Heart Failure. American Journal of Therapeutics 11:6, 467-472
CrossRef334
H.-P. Hermann, G. Hasenfuss. (2004) Therapie der Herzinsuffizienz. Intensivmedizin und Notfallmedizin 41:7, 451-464
CrossRef335
R Espinosa-Tanguma, JR Valle-Aguilera, O Zarazua-Garcia, MP Navarro-Huerta, C Pecina, S Sanchez-Armass. (2004) Mechanism of ouabain-induced contractions in guinea-pig tracheal rings. Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology 31:10, 710-715
CrossRef336
Liviu Klein, Mihai Gheorghiade. (2004) Coronary artery disease and prevention of heart failure. Medical Clinics of North America 88:5, 1209-1235
CrossRef337
R. Christopher Jones, Gary S. Francis, Michael S. Lauer. (2004) Predictors of mortality in patients with heart failure and preserved systolic function in the Digitalis Investigation Group trial. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 44:5, 1025-1029
CrossRef338
Olaf Hedrich, Mark Jacob, Paul J. Hauptman. (2004) Progression of coronary artery disease in non-ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy. Coronary Artery Disease 15:5, 291-297
CrossRef339
Deepak Goyal, Anirban Choudhary, Gregory YH Lip, Robert J MacFadyen. (2004) Diastolic heart failure: recognition, diagnosis and management. Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy 5:8, 1745-1754
CrossRef340
W.H Wilson Tang, Anjli Maroo, James B Young. (2004) Ischemic heart disease and congestive heart failure in diabetic patients. Medical Clinics of North America 88:4, 1037-1061
CrossRef341
Jan Östergren. (2004) Candesartan for the treatment of hypertension and heart failure. Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy 5:7, 1589-1597
CrossRef342
Carl V. Leier. (2004) Advanced Heart Failure: A Practical Management Algorithm and Therapeutic Options. The American Heart Hospital Journal 2:3, 142-148
CrossRef343
R. Buchhorn. (2004) Medikamentöse Therapie der Herzinsuffizienz im Kindesalter. Monatsschrift Kinderheilkunde 152:6, 659-665
CrossRef344
Sumit R Majumdar, Finlay A McAlister, Marilyn Cree, Wei-Ching Chang, Milton Packer, Paul W Armstrong. (2004) Do evidence-based treatments provide incremental benefits to patients with congestive heart failure already receiving angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors? A secondary analysis of one-year outcomes from the assessment of treatment with lisinopril and survival (ATLAS) study. Clinical Therapeutics 26:5, 694-703
CrossRef345
Helen M. Fernandez, Reena Karani, Jennifer Brand, Rosanne M. Leipzig, Rainier P. Soriano. (2004) That Was the Year That Was: An Evidence-Based Clinical Geriatrics Update 2002â03. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 52:5, 828-837
CrossRef346
Mary D. Naylor, Dorothy A. Brooten, Roberta L. Campbell, Greg Maislin, Kathleen M. McCauley, J. Sanford Schwartz. (2004) Transitional Care of Older Adults Hospitalized with Heart Failure: A Randomized, Controlled Trial. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 52:5, 675-684
CrossRef347
Vinay Thohan. (2004) Prognostic implications of echocardiography in advanced heart failure. Current Opinion in Cardiology 19:3, 238-249
CrossRef348
Mariell Jessup, Ileana L Piña. (2004) Is it important to examine gender differences in the epidemiology and outcome of severe heart failure?. The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 127:5, 1247-1252
CrossRef349
Izo Helber, Rosemeire M Kanashiro, Ernesto A Alarcon, Ednei L Antonio, Paulo JF Tucci. (2004) A NOVEL INEXPENSIVE MURINE MODEL OF ORAL CHRONIC DIGITALIZATION. Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology 31:5-6, 365-366
CrossRef350
William B Hood, Jr., Antonio L Dans, Gordon H Guyatt, Roman Jaeschke, John JV McMurray, William B Hood, Jr.. 2004. Digitalis for treatment of heart failure in patients in sinus rhythm. .
CrossRef351
William B. Hood, Antonio L. Dans, Gordon H. Guyatt, Roman Jaeschke, John J.V. McMurray. (2004) Digitalis for treatment of congestive heart failure in patients in sinus rhythm: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Cardiac Failure 10:2, 155-164
CrossRef352
Bozidar Vrhovac. (2004) Placebo and the helsinki declaration — What to do?. Science and Engineering Ethics 10:1, 81-93
CrossRef353
Shigetake Sasayama. (2004) Optimising Outcomes in End-Stage Heart Failure Differences in Therapeutic Responses between Diverse Ethnic Groups. Drug Safety 27:Supplement 1, 19-24
CrossRef354
Mitsuyoshi Hadase, Akihiro Azuma, Kan Zen, Satoshi Asada, Tatsuya Kawasaki, Tadaaki Kamitani, Shingo Kawasaki, Hiroki Sugihara, Hiroaki Matsubara. (2004) Very Low Frequency Power of Heart Rate Variability is a Powerful Predictor of Clinical Prognosis in Patients With Congestive Heart Failure. Circulation Journal 68:4, 343-347
CrossRef355
Tsuyoshi MIKKAICHI, Takehiro SUZUKI, Masayuki TANEMOTO, Sadayoshi ITO, Takaaki ABE. (2004) The Organic Anion Transporter (OATP) Family. Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics 19:3, 171-179
CrossRef356
Yoshihiko Seino. (2004) Back to the Future: Pathophysiology and Therapeutic Strategies in Heart Failure. Journal of Nippon Medical School 71:6, 421-425
CrossRef357
Prithwish Banerjee, Andrew L. Clark, John G.F. Cleland. (2004) Diastolic Heart Failure: A Difficult Problem in the Elderly. The American Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 13:1, 16-21
CrossRef358
Aleem U Khand, Andrew C Rankin, William Martin, Jacqueline Taylor, Islay Gemmell, John G.F Cleland. (2003) Carvedilol alone or in combination with digoxin for the management of atrial fibrillation in patients with heart failure?. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 42:11, 1944-1951
CrossRef359
Ileana L Piña. (2003) A better survival for women with heart failure? it's not so simple…. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 42:12, 2135-2138
CrossRef360
Daniel E. Forman, Michael W. Rich. (2003) Heart Failure in the Elderly. Congestive Heart Failure 9:6, 311-323
CrossRef361
A. Li Wan Po, M. J. Kendall. (2003) Optimizing digoxin dosage: the long winding road. Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics 28:5, 347-348
CrossRef362
Tadahito Narita, Ryogo Yui, Yuji Koide, Mitsuo Sakato, Seiichiro Kawashima. (2003) Cardiotonic Agent SCH00013 Prolongs Survival of Cardiomyopathic Hamsters. Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology 42:3, 364-371
CrossRef363
Seth McClennen, Peter J. Zimetbaum. (2003) Pharmacologic management of atrial fibrillation in the elderly: Rate control, rhythm control, and anticoagulation. Current Cardiology Reports 5:5, 380-386
CrossRef364
Salim Yusuf, Marc A Pfeffer, Karl Swedberg, Christopher B Granger, Peter Held, John JV McMurray, Eric L Michelson, Bertil Olofsson, Jan Östergren. (2003) Effects of candesartan in patients with chronic heart failure and preserved left-ventricular ejection fraction: the CHARM-Preserved Trial. The Lancet 362:9386, 777-781
CrossRef365
P. J. Devereaux, S. Yusuf. (2003) The evolution of the randomized controlled trial and its role in evidence-based decision making. Journal of Internal Medicine 254:2, 105-113
CrossRef366
Robert L. Scott. (2003) Is Heart Failure in African Americans a Distinct Entity?. Congestive Heart Failure 9:4, 193-196
CrossRef367
Thomas D. Rea, David S. Siscovick, Bruce M. Psaty, Rachel M. Pearce, Trivellore E. Raghunathan, Eric A. Whitsel, Leonard A. Cobb, Sheila Weinmann, Gail D. Anderson, Patrick Arbogast, Danyu Lin. (2003) Digoxin therapy and the risk of primary cardiac arrest in patients with congestive heart failure. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology 56:7, 646-650
CrossRef368
BRADLEY P. KNIGHT. (2003) Atrial Fibrillation in Patients with Congestive Heart Failure. Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology 26:7p2, 1620-1623
CrossRef369
Robert Lee Page, Wendolyn S. Gozansky, J. Mark Ruscin. (2003) Possible Heart Failure Exacerbation Associated with Rosiglitazone: Case Report and Literature Review. Pharmacotherapy 23:7, 945-954
CrossRef370
Michael W. Rich. (2003) Drug Therapy Of Heart Failure in the Elderly. The American Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 12:4, 235-242
CrossRef371
Vincent F. Mauro, Laurie S. Mauro, James F. Kleshinski, Sadik A. Khuder, Yuantao Wang, Paul W. Erhardt. (2003) Impact of Ginkgo Biloba on the Pharmacokinetics of Digoxin. American Journal of Therapeutics 10:4, 247-251
CrossRef372
Wilbert S. Aronow. (2003) Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, Prognosis, and Treatment of Systolic and Diastolic Heart Failure in Elderly Patients. Heart Disease 5:4, 279-294
CrossRef373
Lisa G. Pont, Miriam C. J. M. Sturkenboom, Wiek H. van Gilst, Petra Denig, Flora M. Haaijer-Ruskamp. (2003) Trends in prescribing for heart failure in Dutch primary care from 1996 to 2000. Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety 12:4, 327-334
CrossRef374
Maryanne Crowther. (2003) Optimal Management of Outpatients With Heart Failure Using Advanced Practice Nurses in a Hospital-Based Heart Failure Center. Journal of the American Academy of Nurse Practitioners 15:6, 260-265
CrossRef375
Gordon W Moe, Jean L Rouleau, Quang T Nguyen, Peter Cernacek, Duncan J Stewart. (2003) Role of endothelins in congestive heart failure. Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 81:6, 588-597
CrossRef376
F Mouquet, S Susen, E Van Belle, C Bauters, B Jude. (2003) Thérapie cellulaire et insuffisance cardiaque. La Revue de Médecine Interne 24:6, 401-404
CrossRef377
Jessup, Mariell, Brozena, Susan, . (2003) Heart Failure. New England Journal of Medicine 348:20, 2007-2018
Full Text378
Grace L Smith, Frederick A Masoudi, Viola Vaccarino, Martha J Radford, Harlan M Krumholz. (2003) Outcomes in heart failure patients with preserved ejection fraction. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 41:9, 1510-1518
CrossRef379
Wilbert S. Aronow. (2003) Treatment of Heart Failure in Older Persons.. Congestive Heart Failure 9:3, 142-147
CrossRef380
Masao Endoh. (2003) The therapeutic potential of novel cardiotonic agents. Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs 12:5, 735-750
CrossRef381
Roger Kerzner, Michael W. Rich. (2003) Management of heart failure in the elderly. Current Cardiology Reports 5:3, 223-228
CrossRef382
Bobbi L. Hoppe, Denise D. Hermann. (2003) Sex differences in the causes and natural history of heart failure. Current Cardiology Reports 5:3, 193-199
CrossRef383
M. W. S. Martin. (2003) Treatment of congestive heart failure - a neuroendocrine disorder. Journal of Small Animal Practice 44:4, 154-160
CrossRef384
Steven E Lipshultz, Stacy D Fisher, Wyman W Lai, Tracie L Miller. (2003) Cardiovascular risk factors, monitoring, and therapy for HIV-infected patients. AIDS 17, S96-S122
CrossRef385
KELD KJELDSEN, HENNING BUNDGAARD. (2003) Myocardial Na,K-ATPase and Digoxin Therapy in Human Heart Failure. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 986:1, 702-707
CrossRef386
G William Dec. (2003) Digoxin remains useful in the management of chronic heart failure. Medical Clinics of North America 87:2, 317-337
CrossRef387
Sunil V. Rao, Robert M. Califf. (2003) Lessons Learned From Clinical Trials. Critical Pathways in Cardiology: A Journal of Evidence-Based Medicine 2:1, 55-59
CrossRef388
Kanu Chatterjee, Teresa De Marco. (2003) Role of nonglycosidic inotropic agents: indications, ethics, and limitations. Medical Clinics of North America 87:2, 391-418
CrossRef389
Sunil V. Rao, Robert M. Califf. (2003) Lessons Learned From Clinical Trials A Roundtable Discussion. Critical Pathways in Cardiology: A Journal of Evidence-Based Medicine 2:1, 55-59
CrossRef390
Philip A Poole-Wilson. (2003) ACE inhibitors and ARBs in chronic heart failure: the established, the expected, and the pragmatic. Medical Clinics of North America 87:2, 373-389
CrossRef391
(2003) Digoxin for the Treatment of Heart Failure. New England Journal of Medicine 348:7, 661-663
Full Text392
Sheila A Doggrell. (2003) Is levosimendan a breakthrough in the development of positive inotropes?. Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy 4:2, 289-292
CrossRef393
Nicholas D Palmer, Barbara Appleton, Erwin A Rodrigues. (2003) Specialist Nurse-Led Intervention in Outpatients with Congestive Heart Failure. Disease Management & Health Outcomes 11:11, 693-698
CrossRef394
Mariell Jessup. (2003) The less familiar face of heart failure. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 41:2, 224-226
CrossRef395
Haruo Mitani, Hideki Hashimoto, Takaaki Isshiki, Shingo Kurokawa, Kenichi Ogawa, Kazuo Matsumoto, Fumihiko Miyake, Hideaki Yoshino, Shunnichi Fukuhara. (2003) Health-Related Quality of Life of Japanese Patients With Chronic Heart Failure. Circulation Journal 67:3, 215-220
CrossRef396
A. M. Katz. (2003) Heart failure: a hemodynamic disorder complicated by maladaptive proliferative responses. Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine 7:1, 1-10
CrossRef397
Bradley R Williams, Jiwon Kim. (2003) Cardiovascular Drug Therapy in the Elderly: Theoretical and Practical Considerations. Drugs & Aging 20:6, 445-463
CrossRef398
Paul A Gould, David M Kaye. (2002) Clinical treatment regimens for chronic heart failure: a review. Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy 3:11, 1569-1576
CrossRef399
Mark Dayer, Suzanna M.C. Hardman. (2002) Special Problems With Antiarrhythmic Drug in the Elderly: Safety, Tolerability, and Efficacy. The American Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 11:6, 370-379
CrossRef400
Akash Ghai, Candice Silversides, Louise Harris, Gary D. Webb, Samuel C. Siu, Judith Therrien. (2002) Left ventricular dysfunction is a risk factor for sudden cardiac death in adults late after repair of tetralogy of fallot. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 40:9, 1675-1680
CrossRef401
Rodney H. Falk. (2002) Ventricular Rate Control in the Elderly: Is Digoxin Enough?. The American Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 11:6, 353-356
CrossRef402
Rathore, Saif S., Wang, Yongfei, Krumholz, Harlan M., . (2002) Sex-Based Differences in the Effect of Digoxin for the Treatment of Heart Failure. New England Journal of Medicine 347:18, 1403-1411
Full Text403
J. R. Hampton. (2002) Size isn't everything. Statistics in Medicine 21:19, 2807-2814
CrossRef404
Amy E Rudolph, Ellen G McMahon. (2002) Emerging therapies for heart failure. Expert Opinion on Emerging Drugs 7:2, 247-258
CrossRef405
Masao Endoh. (2002) Mechanisms of Action of Novel Cardiotonic Agents. Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology 40:3, 323-338
CrossRef406
Eugene S. Smith, Suzanne Trussell, Laura J. Mencer. (2002) Prevention of heart failure. Current Opinion in Cardiology 17:5, 512-517
CrossRef407
Niall G Mahon, Eugene H Blackstone, Gary S Francis, Randall C Starling, James B Young, Michael S Lauer. (2002) The prognostic value of estimated creatinine clearance alongside functional capacity in ambulatory patients with chronic congestive heart failure. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 40:6, 1106-1113
CrossRef408
H. Konishi, S. Shimizu, M. Chiba, T. Minouchi, M. Koida, A. Yamaji. (2002) Predictive performance of serum digoxin concentration in patients with congestive heart failure by a hyperbolic model based on creatinine clearance. Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics 27:4, 257-265
CrossRef409
R. Beasley, C. Page, L. Lichtenstein. (2002) Airway remodelling in asthma. Clinical & Experimental Allergy Reviews 2:4, 109-116
CrossRef410
Lindsay Brown, Sheila A Doggrell. (2002) Present and future pharmacotherapy for heart failure. Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy 3:7, 915-930
CrossRef411
Roya M. Sameri, Judith E. Soberman, Christopher K. Finch, Timothy H. Self. (2002) Lower Serum Digoxin Concentrations in Heart Failure and Reassessment of Laboratory Report Forms. The American Journal of the Medical Sciences 324:1, 10-13
CrossRef412
C. Richard Conti. (2002) Clinical endpoints. Clinical Cardiology 25:7, 311-312
CrossRef413
Kanu Chatterjee. (2002) Primary Diastolic Heart Failure. The American Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 11:3, 178-189
CrossRef414
Masafumi Kitakaze, Tetsuo Minamino. (2002) Cellular mechanisms for the treatment of chronic heart failure: the nitric oxide- and adenosine-dependent pathways. Expert Opinion on Emerging Drugs 7:1, 99-110
CrossRef415
Bernard Swynghedauw. (2002) Myocardial remodelling: pharmacological targets. Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs 11:5, 661-674
CrossRef416
Dirk J van Veldhuisen. (2002) Low-dose digoxin in patients with heart failure. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 39:6, 954-956
CrossRef417
Kirkwood F Adams, Mihai Gheorghiade, Barry F Uretsky, J.Herbert Patterson, Todd A Schwartz, James B Young. (2002) Clinical benefits of low serum digoxin concentrations in heart failure. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 39:6, 946-953
CrossRef418
S. K. Dhir. (2002) Treatment of Diastolic Heart Failure. Mayo Clinic Proceedings 77:3, 295-295
CrossRef419
A. Li Wan Po. (2002) Digoxin-drug interactions: study design and generalizability. Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics 27:1, 5-6
CrossRef420
Sharon A Hunt, David W Baker, Marshall H Chin, Michael P Cinquegrani, Arthur M Feldman, Gary S Francis, Theodore G Ganiats, Sidney Goldstein, Gabriel Gregoratos, Mariell L Jessup, R.Joseph Noble, Milton Packer, Marc A Silver, Lynne Warner Stevenson, Raymond J Gibbons, Elliott M Antman, Joseph S Alpert, David P Faxon, Valentin Fuster, Gabriel Gregoratos, Alice K Jacobs, Loren F Hiratzka, Richard O Russell, Sidney C Smith. (2002) ACC/AHA guidelines for the evaluation and management of chronic heart failure in the adult: executive summary. The Journal of Heart and Lung Transplantation 21:2, 189-203
CrossRef421
A. Ahmed, R. M. Allman, J. F. DeLong. (2002) Inappropriate Use of Digoxin in Older Hospitalized Heart Failure Patients. The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences 57:2, M138-M143
CrossRef422
Arnold M Katz. (2002) Proliferative Signaling and Disease Progression in Heart Failure. Circulation Journal 66:3, 225-225
CrossRef423
Luke A. Bruns, Charles E. Canter. (2002) Should ??-Blockers be Used for the Treatment of Pediatric Patients with Chronic Heart Failure?. Pediatric Drugs 4:12, 771-778
CrossRef424
Patricia A. Howard, Marvin I. Dunn. (2002) Severe Heart Failure in the Elderly. Drugs & Aging 19:4, 249-256
CrossRef425
Kanu Chatterjee. (2002) Congestive Heart Failure. American Journal of Cardiovascular Drugs 2:1, 1-6
CrossRef426
Prithwish Banerjee, Tumpa Banerjee, Aleem Khand, Andrew L Clark, John G.F Cleland. (2002) Diastolic heart failure: neglected or misdiagnosed?. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 39:1, 138-141
CrossRef427
Karlheinz Seidl, Monika Rameken, Margit Vater, Jochen Senges. (2002) Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure. American Journal of Cardiovascular Drugs 2:4, 219-226
CrossRef428
Abdelkader Touiza, Yves Etienne, Martine Gilard, Marjaneh Fatemi, Jacques Mansourati, Jean-Jacques Blanc. (2001) Long-term left ventricular pacing: assessment and comparison with biventricular pacing in patients with severe congestive heart failure. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 38:7, 1966-1970
CrossRef429
JoAnn Lindenfeld. (2001) Management of Congestive Heart Failure. Primary Care Case Reviews 4:4, 161-170
CrossRef430
Sharon A Hunt, David W Baker, Marshall H Chin, Michael P Cinquegrani, Arthur M Feldman, Gary S Francis, Theodore G Ganiats, Sidney Goldstein, Gabriel Gregoratos, Mariell L Jessup, R.Joseph Noble, Milton Packer, Marc A Silver, Lynne Warner Stevenson, Raymond J Gibbons, Elliott M Antman, Joseph S Alpert, David P Faxon, Valentin Fuster, Gabriel Gregoratos, Alice K Jacobs, Loren F Hiratzka, Richard O Russell, Sidney C Smith. (2001) ACC/AHA guidelines for the evaluation and management of chronic heart failure in the adult: executive summary. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 38:7, 2101-2113
CrossRef431
Nicolas W. Shammas, Melodee L. Harris, Dawn Mckinney, William J. Hauber. (2001) Digoxin withdrawal in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy following normalization of ejection fraction with beta blockers. Clinical Cardiology 24:12, 786-787
CrossRef432
Carl V. Leier. (2001) Dilated cardiomyopathy. Current Treatment Options in Cardiovascular Medicine 3:6, 451-462
CrossRef433
P. Duc, A. Cohen-Solal, S. Legrain, M.C. Aumont. (2001) Insuffisance cardiaque du sujet âgé. Annales de Cardiologie et d'Angéiologie 50:7-8, 426-433
CrossRef434
M Borgarelli, A Tarducci, A Tidholm, J Häggström. (2001) Canine Idiopathic Dilated Cardiomyopathy. Part II: Pathophysiology and therapy. The Veterinary Journal 162:3, 182-195
CrossRef435
STEVEN E. LIPSHULTZ, STACY D. FISHER, WYMAN W. LAI, TRACIE L. MILLER. (2001) Cardiovascular Monitoring and Therapy for HIV-Infected Patients. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 946:1, 236-273
CrossRef436
Philip A. Poole-Wilson. (2001) Implications of recent heart failure trials for patients with hypertension. Current Cardiology Reports 3:6, 504-510
CrossRef437
Kenneth Boockvar, Mark Lachs. (2001) Development of Definitions for Acute Illness in Nursing Home Residents Based on Chart-Recorded Physical Exam Findings. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association 2:6, 279-284
CrossRef438
Sheila A Doggrell. (2001) Is bucindolol BEST?. Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy 2:10, 1703-1705
CrossRef439
Robert E. Shaddy. (2001) Optimizing treatment for chronic congestive heart failure in children. Critical Care Medicine 29:Supplement, S237-S240
CrossRef440
Michael W Rich, Frances McSherry, William O Williford, Salim Yusuf. (2001) Effect of age on mortality, hospitalizations and response to digoxin in patients with heart failure: the DIG study. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 38:3, 806-813
CrossRef441
Howard H. Weitz. (2001) PERIOPERATIVE CARDIAC COMPLICATIONS. Medical Clinics of North America 85:5, 1151-1169
CrossRef442
Wilbert S Aronow. (2001) Approach to symptomatic coronary disease in the elderly: TIME to change. The Lancet 358:9286, 945-946
CrossRef443
Jeann Lee Gillespie. (2001) The Value of Disease Management—Part 1: Balancing Cost and Quality in the Treatment of Congestive Heart Failure. A Review of Disease Management Services for the Treatment of Congestive Heart Failure. Disease Management 4:2, 41-51
CrossRef444
R. A. Incalzi, C. Pedone, M. Pahor, L. Carosella, R. Bernabei, P. Carbonin, . (2001) Reasons Prompting Digitalis Therapy in the Acute Care Hospital. The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences 56:6, M361-M365
CrossRef445
The Beta-Blocker Evaluation of Survival Trial Investigators. (2001) A Trial of the Beta-Blocker Bucindolol in Patients with Advanced Chronic Heart Failure. New England Journal of Medicine 344:22, 1659-1667
Full Text446
WB Hood, AL Dans, GH Guyatt, R Jaeschke, JJV McMurray. 2001. Digitalis for treatment of congestive heart failure in patients in sinus rhythm. .
CrossRef447
Michael B Fowler, Montserrat Vera-Llonch, Gerry Oster, Michael R Bristow, Jay N Cohn, Wilson S Colucci, Edward M Gilbert, Mary Ann Lukas, Michael J Lacey, Randel Richner, Sarah T Young, Milton Packer. (2001) Influence of carvedilol on hospitalizations in heart failure: incidence, resource utilization and costs. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 37:6, 1692-1699
CrossRef448
Daniel E. Hilleman, Jerry L. Bauman. (2001) Role of Antiarrhythmic Therapy in Patients at Risk for Sudden Cardiac Death: An Evidence-Based Review. Pharmacotherapy 21:5, 556-575
CrossRef449
Philip A Poole-Wilson, Rakesh Sharma, Aidan Bolger. 2001. Heart Failure. .
CrossRef450
G. G. Belz, K. Breithaupt-Grogler, U. Osowski. (2001) Treatment of congestive heart failure - current status of use of digitoxin. European Journal of Clinical Investigation 31:S2, 10-17
CrossRef451
Wayne L. Miller, Guy S. Reeder. (2001) Adjunctive Therapies in the Treatment of Acute Coronary Syndromes. Mayo Clinic Proceedings 76:4, 391-405
CrossRef452
W L Miller, G S Reeder. (2001) Adjunctive therapies in the treatment of acute coronary syndromes.. Mayo Clinic Proceedings 76:4, 391-405
CrossRef453
G. Michael Felker, Christopher M. O’Connor. (2001) Rational use of inotropic therapy in heart failure. Current Cardiology Reports 3:2, 108-113
CrossRef454
R. Isnard. (2001) Le traitement médical de l'insuffisance cardiaque chronique. Annales de Cardiologie et d'Angéiologie 50:1, 30-37
CrossRef455
D Logeart. (2001) Perspectives médicamenteuses dans le traitement de l'insuffisance cardiaque. Annales de Cardiologie et d'Angéiologie 50:1, 38-49
CrossRef456
Stephen MacMahon, Rory Collins. (2001) Reliable assessment of the effects of treatment on mortality and major morbidity, II: observational studies. The Lancet 357:9254, 455-462
CrossRef457
M. W. Rich. (2001) Heart Failure in the 21st Century: A Cardiogeriatric Syndrome. The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences 56:2, M88-M96
CrossRef458
J. C. Somberg. (2001) Clinical Therapeutic Conference: Congestive Heart Failure Therapy. American Journal of Therapeutics 8:1, 65-72
CrossRef459
M Gary Nicholls, John G Lainchbury, A Mark Richards, Richard W Troughton, Timothy G Yandle. (2001) Brain natriuretic peptide-guided therapy for heart failure. Annals of Medicine 33:6, 422-427
CrossRef460
Lynne Warner Stevenson, Robert L Kormos. (2001) Mechanical cardiac support 2000: current applications and future trial design. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 37:1, 340-370
CrossRef461
Melissa Young, Greg L. Plosker. (2001) Torasemide. PharmacoEconomics 19:6, 679-703
CrossRef462
Colm G. Hanratty, Paul McGlinchey, G. Dennis Johnston, A. Peter Passmore. (2000) Differential Pharmacokinetics of Digoxin in Elderly Patients. Drugs & Aging 17:5, 353-362
CrossRef463
Silvia Luzio, Vera H. Rigolin. (2000) Carcinoid heart disease. Current Treatment Options in Cardiovascular Medicine 2:5, 399-406
CrossRef464
Michael R. Zile, Jean Nappi. (2000) Diastolic heart failure. Current Treatment Options in Cardiovascular Medicine 2:5, 439-450
CrossRef465
Leslie W. Miller, Bradley Berry, Emil Missov. (2000) Idiopathic cardiomyopathy. Current Treatment Options in Cardiovascular Medicine 2:5, 421-430
CrossRef466
B. McGowan, A. Heerey, M. Ryan, M. Barry. (2000) Cost of treating heart failure in an Irish teaching hospital. Irish Journal of Medical Science 169:4, 241-244
CrossRef467
Ralph Shabetai. (2000) Sarcoidosis and the heart. Current Treatment Options in Cardiovascular Medicine 2:5, 385-397
CrossRef468
Tien M. H. Ng, Julie K. Kenney, Mark A. Munger. (2000) Growth Hormone: A Promising Treatment for the Failing Heart?. Pharmacotherapy 20:9, 1096-1106
CrossRef469
Amitabh Prakash, Anthony Markham. (2000) Metoprolol. Drugs 60:3, 647-678
CrossRef470
Angelo Auricchio, Helmut Klein. (2000) Arrhythmias in heart failure. Current Treatment Options in Cardiovascular Medicine 2:4, 329-339
CrossRef471
BJ GAVAGHAN. (2000) Is there still a role for digoxin in the treatment of cardiac disease?. Australian Veterinary Journal 78:8, 528-529
CrossRef472
Walter Kao, Maria Rosa Costanzo. (2000) Sudden death in heart failure patients: effects of optimized medical therapy. The Journal of Heart and Lung Transplantation 19:8, S32-S37
CrossRef473
F López-Jiménez. (2000) Update in Internal Medicine. Archives of Medical Research 31:4, 329-352
CrossRef474
Adam S. Betkowski, Paul J. Hauptman. (2000) Update on recent clinical trials in congestive heart failure. Current Opinion in Cardiology 15:4, 293-303
CrossRef475
Asim Hameedi, Hal L. Chadow. (2000) The promise of selective aldosterone receptor antagonists for the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure. Current Hypertension Reports 2:4, 378-383
CrossRef476
Maryann Z. Skrabal, Julie A. Stading, Kathryn A. Behmer-Miller, Daniel E. Hilleman. (2000) Advances in the Treatment of Congestive Heart Failure: New Approaches for an Old Disease. Pharmacotherapy 20:7, 787-804
CrossRef477
Carol M. Ashton, Biykem Bozkurt, Wilson B. Colucci, Catarina I. Kiefe, Douglas L. Mann, Barry M. Massie, Mara T. Slawsky, William M. Tierney, Jeffrey A. West, David J. Whellan, Nelda P. Wray. (2000) Veterans Affairs Quality Enhancement Research Initiative in Chronic Heart Failure. Medical Care 38, I-26-I-37
CrossRef478
John H. McAnulty. (2000) Arrhythmia Therapy in the Elderly. The American Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 9:3, 151-158
CrossRef479
Matthew A Movsesian. (2000) Therapeutic potential of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase inhibitors in heart failure. Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs 9:5, 963-973
CrossRef480
Robert H. G. Schwinger, Marcus Pietsch, Konrad Frank, Klara Brixius. (2000) Crataegus Special Extract WS 1442 Increases Force of Contraction in Human Myocardium cAMP-Independently. Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology 35:5, 700-707
CrossRef481
Kirkwood F. Adams, Kenneth L. Baughman, William G. Dec, Uri Elkayam, Alan D. Forker, Mihai Gheorghiade, Denise Hermann, Marvin A. Konstam, Peter Liu, Barry M. Massie, J. Herbert Patterson, Marc A. Silver, Lynne Warner Stevenson, Arthur M. Feldman, Jay N. Cohn, Gary S. Francis, Barry Greenberg, Marvin A. Konstam, Carl Leier, Beverly H. Lorell, Milton Packer, Bertram Pitt, Marc A. Silver, Edmund Sonnenblick, John Strobeck, Richard Walsh, Salim Yusuf. (2000) HFSA Guidelines for Management of Patients With Heart Failure Caused by Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction—Pharmacological Approaches. Pharmacotherapy 20:5, 495-522
CrossRef482
Patrizia Ferrari, Giuseppe Bianchi. (2000) The Genomics of Cardiovascular Disorders. Drugs 59:5, 1025-1042
CrossRef483
Kerryn Simpson, Blair Jarvis. (2000) Lisinopril. Drugs 59:5, 1149-1167
CrossRef484
Robert W Schrier, Joseph G Abdallah, Howard H D Weinberger, William T Abraham. (2000) Therapy of heart failure. Kidney International 57:4, 1418-1425
CrossRef485
Jay N Cohn, Roberto Ferrari, Norman Sharpe. (2000) Cardiac remodeling—concepts and clinical implications: a consensus paper from an international forum on cardiac remodeling. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 35:3, 569-582
CrossRef486
Akira Matsumori, Koh Ono, Ryosuke Nishio, Yoshisuke Nose, Shigetake Sasayama. (2000) AMLODIPINE INHIBITS THE PRODUCTION OF CYTOKINES INDUCED BY OUABAIN. Cytokine 12:3, 294-297
CrossRef487
ALAN KADISH, REBECCA QUIGG, I SCHAECHTER, KELLEY P. ANDERSON, MARK ESTES, JOSEPH LEVINE. (2000) Defibrillators in Nonischemic Cardiomyopathy Treatment Evaluation. Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology 23:3, 338-343
CrossRef488
M. Koch, A. Dezi, M. Tarquini, L. Capurso. (2000) Prevention of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug-induced gastrointestinal mucosal injury: risk factors for serious complications. Digestive and Liver Disease 32:2, 138-151
CrossRef489
Christopher J. Zeitz, Rebecca H. Ritchie, Richard G. Jarrett, John T. Y. Hii, Ronald D. Wuttke, John D. Horowitz. (2000) The Positive Inotropic Effects of Milrinone But Not of Digoxin are Attenuated at Short Cycle Lengths. Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology 35:3, 427-433
CrossRef490
&NA;. (2000) Take care when using digoxin in the elderly. Drugs & Therapy Perspectives 15:3, 6-7
CrossRef491
Alan D. Waggoner. (2000) Congestive heart failure and the role of two-dimensional Doppler echocardiography: A primer for cardiac sonographers. Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography 13:2, 157-163
CrossRef492
Brigitte Stanek. (2000) Optimising Management of Patients with Advanced Heart Failure. Drugs & Aging 16:2, 87-106
CrossRef493
John McMurray. (2000) Digoxin and heart failure. The Lancet 355:9197, 69
CrossRef494
J Nolan, KAA Fox, S Lindsey, MT Kearney, RJ Prescott. (2000) Digoxin and heart failure. The Lancet 355:9197, 69-70
CrossRef495
A. Nordin-Johansson, K. Asplund. (2000) Randomized controlled trials and consensus as a basis for interventions in internal medicine. Journal of Internal Medicine 247:1, 94-104
CrossRef496
Wendy Gattis, Christopher M. O??Connor. (2000) Utilisation des inhibiteurs calciques dans le traitement de l??insuffisance cardiaque. Drugs 59:Special Issue 2, 17-24
CrossRef497
Michael Kim, Marrick Kukin. (2000) New advances in the pharmacological management of chronic heart failure. Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy 1:2, 261-269
CrossRef498
Jonathan A. Abbott. 2000. Degenerative Valvular Disease. , 212-223.
CrossRef499
Clarke E. Atkins. 2000. Digitalis. , 73-78.
CrossRef500
Jonathan A. Abbott. 2000. Management of Chronic Congestive Heart Failure. , 170-178.
CrossRef501
W W Parmley. (2000) Surviving heart failure: Robert L. Frye lecture.. Mayo Clinic Proceedings 75:1, 111-118
CrossRef502
Kishore J. Harjai, Homeyar K. Dinshaw, Eduardo Nunez, Mehul Shah, Hilary Thompson, Tansel Turgut, Hector O. Ventura. (1999) The prognostic implications of outpatient diuretic dose in heart failure. International Journal of Cardiology 71:3, 219-225
CrossRef503
Heart Failure Society Of America. (1999) HFSA guidelines for management of patients with heart failure caused by left ventricular systolic dysfunction—pharmacological approaches. Journal of Cardiac Failure 5:4, 357-382
CrossRef504
Padrini, Panfili, Magnolfi, Piovan, Casarotto, Ferrari. (1999) Myocardial region (right or left ventricle) and aetiology of heart failure can influence the inotropic effect of ouabain in failing human myocardium. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 48:5, 743-749
CrossRef505
Robert Moskowitz, Marrick Kukin. (1999) β-blockers in congestive heart failure. Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs 8:11, 1795-1805
CrossRef506
Steven G. Terra, Jeffrey B. Washam, Gary D. Dunham, Wendy A. Gattis. (1999) Therapeutic Range of Digoxin’s Efficacy in Heart Failure: What Is the Evidence?. Pharmacotherapy 19:10, 1123-1126
CrossRef507
Anthony M. Cosentino. (1999) The Congested State in Renal Failure: A Historical and Diagnostic Perspective. Seminars in Dialysis 12:5, 307-310
CrossRef508
JEAN M. ROCKWELL. (1999) Heart Failure. American Journal of Nursing 99:10, 24BB
CrossRef509
Elaine Winkel, Maria Rosa Costanzo. (1999) Chronic heart failure. Current Treatment Options in Cardiovascular Medicine 1:3, 231-241
CrossRef510
Pitt, Bertram, Zannad, Faiez, Remme, Willem J., Cody, Robert, Castaigne, Alain, Perez, Alfonso, Palensky, Jolie, Wittes, Janet, . (1999) The Effect of Spironolactone on Morbidity and Mortality in Patients with Severe Heart Failure. New England Journal of Medicine 341:10, 709-717
Full Text511
SJ Lindsay, MT Kearney, RJ Prescott, KAA Fox, J Nolan. (1999) Digoxin and mortality in chronic heart failure. The Lancet 354:9183, 1003
CrossRef512
Karl Swedberg, Marc Pfeffer, Chris Granger, Peter Held, John Mcmurray, Gunilla Ohlin, Bertil Olofsson, Jan Östergren, Salim Yusuf. (1999) Candesartan in heart failure—assessment of reduction in mortality and morbidity (CHARM): Rationale and design. Journal of Cardiac Failure 5:3, 276-282
CrossRef513
Harald Darius. (1999) Role of Nitrates for the Therapy of Coronary Artery Disease Patients in the Years beyond 2000. Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology 34, S15-S20
CrossRef514
Harald Darius. (1999) Role of Nitrates for the Therapy of Coronary Artery Disease Patients in the Years beyond 2000. Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology 34:Supplement 2, S15-S20
CrossRef515
Matthew A. Movsesian. (1999) Beta-adrenergic receptor agonists and cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase inhibitors: shifting the focus from inotropy to cyclic adenosine monophosphate. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 34:2, 318-324
CrossRef516
Konstantinos S Spargias, Alistair S Hall, Stephen G Ball. (1999) Safety concerns about digoxin after acute myocardial infarction. The Lancet 354:9176, 391-392
CrossRef517
John R. Hampton. (1999) Different Causes of Heart Failure Need Different Treatment Strategies. Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology 33:Supplement 3, S37-S41
CrossRef518
Avijit Lahiri, Roxy Senior, Raj Khattar. (1999) The Role of Neurohormonal Antagonists in Hibernating Myocardium. Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology 33:Supplement 3, S9-S16
CrossRef519
John G.F. Cleland, James McGowan. (1999) Heart Failure due to Ischaemic Heart Disease: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology and Progression. Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology 33:Supplement 3, S17-S29
CrossRef520
Ferenc Follath. (1999) Nonischemic Heart Failure: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology and Progression of Disease. Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology 33:Supplement 3, S31-S35
CrossRef521
John R. Hampton. (1999) Different Causes of Heart Failure Need Different Treatment Strategies. Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology 33, S37-S41
CrossRef522
Avijit Lahiri, Roxy Senior, Raj Khattar. (1999) The Role of Neurohormonal Antagonists in Hibernating Myocardium. Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology 33, S9-S16
CrossRef523
John G.F. Cleland, James McGowan. (1999) Heart Failure due to Ischaemic Heart Disease: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology and Progression. Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology 33, S17-S29
CrossRef524
Ferenc Follath. (1999) Nonischemic Heart Failure: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology and Progression of Disease. Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology 33, S31-S35
CrossRef525
Edward F Philbin, Thomas G DiSalvo. (1999) Prediction of hospital readmission for heart failure: development of a simple risk score based on administrative data. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 33:6, 1560-1566
CrossRef526
Juan Carlos Rozo, William L. Barry, George A. Stouffer. (1999) New Treatment Strategies in Patients with Impaired Left Ventricular Systolic Function.. The American Journal of the Medical Sciences 317:5, 312
CrossRef527
Guillermo Torre-Amione. (1999) The syndrome of heart failure: emerging concepts in the understanding of its pathogenesis and treatment. Current Opinion in Cardiology 14:3, 193
CrossRef528
Eric J. Eichhorn. (1999) Bisoprolol reduced rates of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality among patients with CHF. Evidence-based Cardiovascular Medicine 3:1, 27-28
CrossRef529
Robert J. MacFadyen, Paul Shiels, Allan D. Struthers. (1999) Clinical case studies in heart failure management. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 47:3, 239-247
CrossRef530
Michael W. Rich. (1999) Heart failure disease management: a critical review. Journal of Cardiac Failure 5:1, 64-75
CrossRef531
Andrew P. Davie, Caroline E. Morrison, J.Ewing Forrester, John J.V. McMurray. (1999) Prescribing and emergency admissions for heart failure in greater glasgow. Journal of Cardiac Failure 5:1, 3-7
CrossRef532
Johan Herlitz, Björn W. Karlson, Jonny Lindqvist, Margareta Sjölin. (1999) Predictors of death and mode of death during long-term follow-up among patients with unconfirmed acute myocardial infarction. Clinical Cardiology 22:3, 179-183
CrossRef533
Kishore J. Harjai, Eduardo Nunez, Tansel Turgut, Mehul P. Shah, J. Stewart Humphrey, Jeff Newman, Jorge Cheirif, Frank W. Smart, Hector O. Ventura. (1999) The independent effects of left ventricular ejection fraction on short-term outcomes and resource utilization following hospitalization for heart failure. Clinical Cardiology 22:3, 184-190
CrossRef534
Edward F. Philbin. (1999) Comprehensive Multidisciplinary Programs for the Management of Patients with Congestive Heart Failure. Journal of General Internal Medicine 14:2, 130-135
CrossRef535
Paul J Hauptman, Rekha Garg, Ralph A Kelly. (1999) Cardiac glycosides in the next millennium
CrossRef536
Akira Matsumori, Hideki Igata, Koh Ono, Atsushi Iwasaki, Tadashi Miyamoto, Ryosuke Nishio, Shigetake Sasayama. (1999) High Doses of Digitalis Increase the Myocardial Production of Proinflammatory Cytokines and Worsen Myocardial Injury in Viral Myocarditis. Japanese Circulation Journal 63:12, 934-940
CrossRef537
Mohammad J. Tafreshi, Timothy G. Burke, Ryan A. Hobbs, Donald J. Ronnfeldt. (1999) Management of Patients with High Serum Digoxin Concentrations with Oral Activated Charcoal by. Clinical Research and Regulatory Affairs 16:3, 127-137
CrossRef538
Michele Senni, Richard J Rodeheffer, Christophe M Tribouilloy, Jonathan M Evans, Steven J Jacobsen, Kent R Bailey, Margaret M Redfield. (1999) Use of echocardiography in the management of congestive heart failure in the community. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 33:1, 164-170
CrossRef539
Charles M. J. Cline, Ronnie B. Will. (1999) Health-related Quality of Life in Elderly Patients with Heart Failure. Scandinavian Cardiovascular Journal 33:5, 278-285
CrossRef540
Gilles W. Keulenaer, Dirk L. Brutsaert. (1999) Dilated Cardiomyopathy: Changing PathophysiologicaI Concepts and Mechanisms of Dysfunction. Journal of Cardiac Surgery 14:1, 64-74
CrossRef541
Stevenson, Lynne Warner, . (1998) Inotropic Therapy for Heart Failure. New England Journal of Medicine 339:25, 1848-1850
Full Text542
Jannet F. Lewis, Michelle Dacosta, Thomas Wargowich, Peter Stacpoole. (1998) Effects of dichloroacetate in patients with congestive heart failure. Clinical Cardiology 21:12, 888-892
CrossRef543
Ferenc Follath, John G.F Cleland, Werner Klein, Richard Murphy. (1998) Etiology and response to drug treatment in heart failure. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 32:5, 1167-1172
CrossRef544
James B Young, Mihai Gheorghiade, Barry F Uretsky, J.Herbert Patterson, Kirkwood F Adams. (1998) Superiority of “triple” drug therapy in heart failure: insights from the PROVED and RADIANCE trials. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 32:3, 686-692
CrossRef545
Mette Bjørn, Connie Brendstrup, Sven Karlsen, Jan E. Carlsen. (1998) Consecutive screening and enrollment in clinical trials: The way to representative patient samples?. Journal of Cardiac Failure 4:3, 225-230
CrossRef546
GERALD V. NACCARELLLI, DEBORAH L. WOLBRETTE, JOSEPH T. DELL'ORFANO, HEMANTKUMAR M. PATEL, JERRY C. LUCK. (1998) A Decade of Clinical Trial Developments in Postmyocardial Infarction, Congestive Heart Failure, and Sustained Ventricular Tachyarrhythmia Patients: From CAST to AVID and Beyond. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology 9:8, 864-891
CrossRef547
Roman W. Desanctis. (1998) Thomas Woodward Smith. Clinical Cardiology 21:8, 607-608
CrossRef548
Barry M Massie. (1998) 15 years of heart-failure trials: what have we learned?. The Lancet 352, SI29-SI33
CrossRef549
P Marik. (1998) A case series of hospitalized patients with elevated digoxin levels. The American Journal of Medicine 105:2, 110-115
CrossRef550
John GF Cleland, Karl Swedberg, Philip A Poole-Wilson. (1998) Successes and failures of current treatment of heart failure. The Lancet 352, SI19-SI28
CrossRef551
Norman Sharpe, Robert Doughty. (1998) Epidemiology of heart failure and ventricular dysfunction. The Lancet 352, SI3-SI7
CrossRef552
C Kimmelstiel. (1998) Current concepts in the treatment of patients with heart failure. ACC Current Journal Review 7:4, 39-43
CrossRef553
Katherine A. Michael, Kimberly J. Parnell. (1998) Innovations in the Pharmacologic Management of Heart Failure. AACN Clinical Issues: Advanced Practice in Acute and Critical Care 9:2, 172-191
CrossRef554
Nicolai Gruhn, Jens Erik Nielsen-Kudsk, Sune Theilgaard, Lone Bang, Søren-Peter Olesen, Jan Aldershvile. (1998) Coronary Vasorelaxant Effect of Levosimendan, a New Inodilator with Calcium-Sensitizing Properties. Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology 31:5, 741-749
CrossRef555
SANDEEP GUPTA, PEDRAM SALIMPOUR, INIGO SAENZ DE TEJADA, JENNIFER DALEY, SHAHRAM GHOLAMI, MEIR DALLER, ROBERT J. KRANE, ABDUL M. TRAISH, IRWIN GOLDSTEIN. (1998) A POSSIBLE MECHANISM FOR ALTERATION OF HUMAN ERECTILE FUNCTION BY DIGOXIN: INHIBITION OF CORPUS CAVERNOSUM SODIUM/POTASSIUM ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATASE ACTIVITY. The Journal of Urology 159:5, 1529-1536
CrossRef556
KUNIHIKO TSUCHIYA, MINORU HORIE, TETSUYA HARUNA, TOMOHIKO AI, TOSHIHISA NISHIMOTO, HISAYOSHI FUJIWARA, SHIGETAKE SASAYAMA. (1998) Functional Communication Between Cardiac ATPSensitive K + Channel and Na/K ATPase. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology 9:4, 415-422
CrossRef557
George Davey Smith, Matthias Egger. (1998) Incommunicable Knowledge? Interpreting and Applying the Results of Clinical Trials and Meta-Analyses. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology 51:4, 289-295
CrossRef558
Luisa Quadri, Mara Ferrandi. (1998) Involvement of the Na+,K+-ATPase and its inhibitors in cardiovascular diseases. Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Patents 8:1, 39-52
CrossRef559
Hiroshi Nishimura, Tsutomu Yoshikawa, Toshihisa Anzai, Akiyasu Baba, Natsuki Kobayashi, Yumiko Wainai, Satoshi Ogawa. (1998) Baroreceptor Sensitivity During the Compensatory Phase of Left Ventricular Overloading. Japanese Circulation Journal 62:10, 773-778
CrossRef560
Barry F Uretsky, Richard G Sheahan. (1997) Primary Prevention of Sudden Cardiac Death in Heart Failure: Will the Solution Be Shocking?. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 30:7, 1589-1597
CrossRef561
Jose R Lopez, Nancy Linares, Peter A Brady, Andre Terzic. (1997) Cardiac hypertrophy determines digitalis action on intracellular Ca2+ in human myocardium. European Journal of Pharmacology 339:2-3, 161-164
CrossRef562
Larry E. Smith, Sharon A. Fabbri, Ramdas Pai, David Ferry, J. Thomas Heywood. (1997) Symptomatic improvement and reduced hospitalization for patients attending a cardiomyopathy clinic. Clinical Cardiology 20:11, 949-954
CrossRef563
Michael Lye. (1997) Access to advances in cardiology. The Lancet 350:9085, 1162-1163
CrossRef564
ROBERT P. FRANTZ, LYNE J. OLSON. (1997) Recipient Selection and Management Before Cardiac Transplantation. The American Journal of the Medical Sciences 314:3, 139-152
CrossRef565
RAY E. HERSHBERGER. (1997) Clinical Outcomes, Quality of Life, and Cost Outcomes After Cardiac Transplantation. The American Journal of the Medical Sciences 314:3, 129-138
CrossRef566
KB Saunders. (1997) Digoxin for patients with heart failure in sinus rhythm. The Lancet 350:9076, 519
CrossRef567
Anne Keogh. (1997) Heart failure - outlooks and strategies for treatment. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Medicine 27:4, 485-491
CrossRef568
John McMurray, AP Davie. (1997) Digoxin for patients with heart failure in sinus rhythm. The Lancet 350:9076, 519
CrossRef569
(1997) Digoxin in Patients with Heart Failure. New England Journal of Medicine 337:2, 129-131
Full Text570
Kirkwood F. Adams, Mihai Gheorghiade, Barry F. Uretsky, James B. Young, Sagir Ahmed, Lisa Tomasko, Milton Packer. (1997) Patients With Mild Heart Failure Worsen During Withdrawal From Digoxin Therapy. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 30:1, 42-48
CrossRef571
Paul A Heidenreich, Tina T Lee, Barry M Massie. (1997) Effect of Beta-Blockade on Mortality in Patients With Heart Failure: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 30:1, 27-34
CrossRef572
Giuseppe Zuccalà, Claudio Pedone, Luciana Carosella, Pierugo Carbonin, Roberto Bernabei. (1997) Optimum dose of digoxin. The Lancet 349:9068, 1845
CrossRef573
Ronald WF Campbell. (1997) Whither digitalis?. The Lancet 349:9069, 1854-1855
CrossRef574
EA Dubois, PA van Zwieten. (1997) The introduction of β-adrenoceptor antagonists in the treatment of congestive heart failure. Expert Opinion on Emerging Drugs 2:1, 109-126
CrossRef575
Joachim Neumann, Hasso Scholz, Norbert Zimmermann. (1997) Pharmacological Profile of CGP 48506, A New Positive Inotropic Agent. Cardiovascular Drug Reviews 15:2, 174-186
CrossRef576
Monte L Slatton, Waleed N Irani, Shelley A Hall, Lucille G Marcoux, Richard L Page, Paul A Grayburn, Eric J Eichhorn. (1997) Does Digoxin Provide Additional Hemodynamic and Autonomic Benefit at Higher Doses in Patients With Mild to Moderate Heart Failure and Normal Sinus Rhythm?. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 29:6, 1206-1213
CrossRef577
Packer, Milton, . (1997) End of the Oldest Controversy in Medicine — Are We Ready to Conclude the Debate on Digitalis?. New England Journal of Medicine 336:8, 575-576
Full Text578
Peter E. Pool. (1997) The clinical significance of neurohormonal activation. Clinical Therapeutics 19, 53-73
CrossRef579
Gilles W. De Keulenaer, Dirk L. Brutsaert. (1985) Dilated Cardiomyopathy: Changing PathophysiologicaI Concepts and Mechanisms of Dysfunction. Echocardiography 2:1, 64-72
CrossRef
- Letters
