Correspondence

Hepatitis G Infection in Drug Abusers with Chronic Hepatitis C

N Engl J Med 1996; 334:195-196January 18, 1996

Article

To the Editor:

The detection of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection by enzyme immunoassay and molecular biologic techniques still leaves unidentified other hepatitis viruses that may be responsible for acute and chronic hepatitis unrelated to infection with hepatitis A, B, C, D, or E virus (non-A–E hepatitis).1 A possible agent for human non-A–E hepatitis has been named hepatitis GB virus type C (HGBV-C).2 Its RNA can be detected by the reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with primers deduced from the helicase-like region. HGBV-C is an important cause of non-A–E fulminant hepatitis.3

Forty-nine men with HCV-associated chronic liver disease (mean age, 49±12 years) who had abused intravenous drugs mostly in their 20s but had no history of blood transfusion were tested for HGBV-C RNA in serum. They all were positive both for antibody to HCV by a second-generation enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISAII, Ortho Diagnostic Systems, Tokyo, Japan) and for HCV RNA by reverse-transcription PCR.4 HGBV-C infection was detected in 12 of them (24 percent) — a frequency significantly higher than the 7 percent (9 of 128) found among male patients with HCV-associated chronic liver disease and no history of drug abuse (P<0.01 by the chi-square test).

Of 17 other men with HCV-associated chronic liver disease who had tattoos but no history of drug abuse, only 1 (6 percent) was positive for HGBV-C RNA. Tattooing may not transmit this virus efficiently. These results corroborate the high prevalence of another non-A–E hepatitis virus (proposed as hepatitis G virus) in patients with chronic hepatitis C and drug addicts — 21 percent and 33 percent, respectively.5 Patients with HCV infection appear to be at increased risk of HGBV-C infection, and intravenous drug abuse may be a common vehicle for the parenteral spread of both HCV and HGBV-C.

Tatsuya Aikawa, M.D.
Aikawa Internal Hospital, Ibaraki-Ken 310, Japan

Yoshiki Sugai, M.D.
Iwaki Kyoritsu General Hospital, Fukushima-Ken 973, Japan

Hiroaki Okamoto, M.D.
Jichi Medical School, Tochigi-Ken 329-04, Japan

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