Original Article
Lower-Extremity Function in Persons over the Age of 70 Years as a Predictor of Subsequent Disability
N Engl J Med 1995; 332:556-562March 2, 1995
- Abstract
Background
Functional assessment is an important part of the evaluation of elderly persons. We conducted this study to determine whether objective measures of physical function can predict subsequent disability in older persons.
Methods
This prospective cohort study included men and women 71 years of age or older who were living in the community, who reported no disability in the activities of daily living, and who reported that they were able to walk one-half mile (0.8 km) and climb stairs without assistance. The subjects completed a short battery of physical-performance tests and participated in a follow-up interview four years later. The tests included an assessment of standing balance, a timed 8-ft (2.4-m) walk at a normal pace, and a timed test of five repetitions of rising from a chair and sitting down.
Results
Among the 1122 subjects who were not disabled at base line and who participated in the four-year follow-up, lower scores on the base-line performance tests were associated with a statistically significant, graduated increase in the frequency of disability in the activities of daily living and mobility-related disability at follow-up. After adjustment for age, sex, and the presence of chronic disease, those with the lowest scores on the performance tests were 4.2 to 4.9 times as likely to have disability at four years as those with the highest performance scores, and those with intermediate performance scores were 1.6 to 1.8 times as likely to have disability.
Conclusions
Among nondisabled older persons living in the community, objective measures of lower-extremity function were highly predictive of subsequent disability. Measures of physical performance may identify older persons with a preclinical stage of disability who may benefit from interventions to prevent the development of frank disability.
Media in This Article
Figure 2
Disability Status at Four Years According to the Base-line Summary Performance Score among 359 Subjects with Mobility-Related Disability at Base Line.Figure 1
Disability Status at Four Years According to the Base-line Summary Performance Scores among 1121 Subjects with No Disability at Base Line.Article Activity
- Article
In recognition of the importance of both extending life and increasing the number of years during which people are free of disability, the national health objectives for the year 2000 included as an overarching goal an increase in years of healthy life, with a full range of functional capacity at each stage of life.1 Disability in the older population, and the attendant need for informal and formal care, will increasingly affect older people, their families, and the health care system as the population continues to age.2
The addition of functional evaluation to the traditional clinical examination provides information that is critical in the comprehensive assessment of elderly persons.3,4 Disability can be identified accurately through responses to a wide variety of questions about the ability to perform activities ranging from basic self-care to household activities and more strenuous tasks. Increasingly, functional status has also been characterized through the use of measures of physical performance, which are objective tests of subjects' performance of standardized tasks, evaluated according to predetermined criteria that may include counting repetitions or timing the activity.5 These measures have been shown to predict outcomes such as falls, institutionalization, and death.6-12
Nearly all studies involving the use of performance measures have been of groups that included disabled persons. In these populations, performance measures predict adverse outcomes such as institutionalization and death because of their ability to identify subjects with substantial reductions in function. What has not been clearly demonstrated is whether measures of physical performance can provide useful prognostic information about older persons who report little or no disability. In the analyses presented here, we tested the hypothesis that performance measures capture information on the range of functioning in people who are not currently disabled and that such information can be used to predict the subsequent onset of disability. The measures we used assessed general lower-extremity function, and the types of disability we evaluated involve lower-extremity function and have a substantial effect on the ability of older persons to remain independent.
Methods
Study Population
The data for this report were collected as part of the Established Populations for Epidemiologic Studies of the Elderly, a series of collaborative, longitudinal studies of aging initiated and funded by the Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry Program of the National Institute on Aging. The eligible population consisted of all persons 65 years of age or older who lived in Iowa and Washington counties, Iowa. In this rural area the vast majority of residents live in 16 small towns. In 1981 and 1982, 3673 persons (80 percent of those eligible) participated in a comprehensive interview, previously described in detail.13 Nearly all the participants were white, and the education and income levels of this cohort were higher than in the other communities in the Established Populations for Epidemiologic Studies of the Elderly (East Boston, Massachusetts; New Haven, Connecticut; and five counties in north central North Carolina).13,14 Follow-up interviews were conducted annually for 7 years and again at 10 years.
At the sixth annual follow-up interview, conducted in 1988 and considered the base line for the analyses presented here, a questionnaire similar to that used in 1981 and 1982 was administered and physical-performance measures were added to the protocol for the first time. At that time, interviews were conducted with 2547 of the 2711 subjects (94.0 percent) not known to have died since 1982. To select a cohort of people without disability for these analyses, we excluded the following: 278 people living in institutions; 111 living at home who were unable to participate in the interview because of cognitive or physical impairment, for whom a proxy respondent had to be interviewed; 628 who reported that they had a disability in the activities of daily living (defined below) or had mobility-related disability (defined as the inability to walk a half mile [0.8 km] or climb stairs without assistance); and 98 who reported no disability but were unable to complete the performance tests described below. Data on disability or performance measures were missing for 69 subjects (2.7 percent), most of whom had to be interviewed by telephone because they had left the geographic area.
Among the 1363 persons who reported no disability and completed the performance tests, 208 (15.3 percent) died during the next four years. Of those not known to have died, 33 (2.9 percent) were lost to follow-up, leaving 1122 for whom data on disability status at the four-year follow-up interview were available; these served as the primary subjects of this report. As compared with these subjects, those who were interviewed in 1988 but not included in the final analyses had a higher mean age (81.5 vs. 77.1 years), had a similar sex distribution (66.1 vs. 64.9 percent female), and were less likely to have 12 or more years of education (43.4 vs. 56.9 percent). Disability in the activities of daily living was present in 26.4 percent of those excluded from the analyses.
To evaluate a separate hypothesis that better scores on measures of physical performance are associated with improvement in the degree of disability, we performed additional analyses of data on 359 subjects who reported disability in mobility but no disability in the activities of daily living at base line. The criteria for inclusion and exclusion were otherwise the same as those listed above.
Chronic Conditions at Base Line
The presence of chronic conditions — defined as a history of heart attack, stroke, cancer, or hip fracture — was ascertained from the subjects' reports. The conditions considered were those that had previously been found to be associated with loss of mobility15 and for which data had been collected at all follow-up evaluations. Subjects were considered to have a history of heart attack, stroke, cancer, or hip fracture only if they reported having spent one or more nights in the hospital for the condition.
Measures of Physical Performance
Lower-extremity function was assessed by measures of standing balance, walking speed, and ability to rise from a chair that have previously been described in detail.9 Assessments were carried out in the subjects' homes by interviewers who had been specially trained in the protocols. (The performance-measure protocol, data-entry form, and videotape used to train interviewers are available from the authors on request.) Correlations between observers of more than 0.93 for walking speed7 and test–retest correlations of more than 0.89 for walking speed,7 0.73 for repeated rising from a chair,16 and 0.97 for balance17 have been reported for these measures.
On the basis of the performance of more than 5000 persons at three sites in the Established Populations for Epidemiologic Studies of the Elderly, we created five performance scores (from 0 to 4) for each test, with a score of 0 representing the inability to complete the test and 4 the highest level of performance.9 The results of the tests were moderately correlated, with Spearman correlation coefficients for scores on the various tests ranging from 0.39 to 0.48. The subjects included in these analyses had scores ranging from 1 to 4 on each test.
For tests of standing balance, the subjects were asked to attempt to maintain their feet in the side-by-side, semi-tandem (heel of one foot beside the big toe of the other foot), and tandem (heel of one foot directly in front of the other foot) positions for 10 seconds each. The subjects were given a score of 1 if they could hold a side-by-side standing position for 10 seconds but were unable to hold a semi-tandem position for 10 seconds, a score of 2 if they could hold a semi-tandem position for 10 seconds but were unable to hold a full tandem position for more than 2 seconds, a score of 3 if they could stand in the full tandem position for 3 to 9 seconds, and a score of 4 if they could stand in the full tandem position for 10 seconds.
An 8-ft (2.4-m) walk at the subjects' normal pace was timed, and the participants were scored according to quartiles for the length of time required. The time of the faster of two walks was used for scoring, as follows: >5.7 seconds, a score of 1; 4.1 to 5.6 seconds, a score of 2; 3.2 to 4.0 seconds, a score of 3; and <3.1 seconds, a score of 4.
Subjects were asked to fold their arms across their chests and to stand up from a sitting position once; if they successfully rose from the chair, they were asked to stand up and sit down five times as quickly as possible. Quartiles for the length of time required for this measure were used for scoring, as follows: >16.7 seconds, a score of 1; 13.7 to 16.6 seconds, a score of 2; 11.2 to 13.6 seconds, a score of 3; and <11.1 seconds, a score of 4.
A summary performance score was created by adding the scores for the tests of standing balance, walking, and repeatedly rising from a chair. The validity of this scale has been demonstrated in analyses showing a gradient of risk of admission to a nursing home and mortality along the full range of the scale.9 The subjects included in these analyses had summary scores ranging from 3 to 12. Among the 1122 subjects with follow-up data at four years, the base-line summary performance scores were distributed as follows: 0.09 percent had a score of 3, 1.3 percent a score of 4, 2.4 percent a score of 5, 6.3 percent a score of 6, 9.2 percent a score of 7, 15.4 percent a score of 8, 18.8 percent a score of 9, 18.8 percent a score of 10, 17.1 percent a score of 11, and 10.6 percent a score of 12.
Disability Status at Follow-up
The presence of disability at follow-up was assessed on the basis of reports of the subjects or their proxies. Because the performance tests at base line measured lower-extremity function, definitions of disability related to lower-extremity function were used. A three-level hierarchical scale based on the questions used to exclude those with disability at base line was used to classify the subjects at follow-up as having no disability, having mobility-related disability only (the inability to walk a half mile or climb stairs without help),15,18 or having a disability in the activities of daily living (the inability to perform one or more of the following basic activities without the help of another person: moving from a bed to a chair, using the toilet, bathing, and walking across a small room19,20) and mobility-related disability. Less than 0.7 percent of the subjects did not fit into one of these categories because they reported having a disability in the activities of daily living and no mobility-related disability; these persons were classified as having a disability in the activities of daily living.
Subjects' reports of their degree of disability have generally been found to be highly reliable and valid.21,22 Evaluation of the reliability of the measures used here by repeated testing after three weeks showed agreement of 89 percent for measures of mobility and more than 96 percent for activities of daily living.23 Subjects' reports of their ability to move from a bed to a chair, use the toilet, walk, and climb stairs have been shown to be valid in comparisons with direct, standardized observations of their performance on these tasks,24-27 with agreement rates ranging from 68 to 97 percent.25-27 The mortality rates in subgroups of this cohort defined by the disability categories appear to validate the use of our hierarchical scale as a predictor of mortality.28 Similarly, the validity of the measures of function in the activities of daily living29 and of mobility15 in predicting admission to a nursing home has been demonstrated by studies of the Established Populations for Epidemiologic Studies of the Elderly cohort.
Statistical Analysis
Disability at four years was analyzed according to base-line scores on the individual tests of lower-extremity function and the summary performance score. The Mantel–Haenszel chi-square statistic was used to test the linear association between performance on the tests and disability at follow-up. Multiple logistic-regression analysis was used to assess the independent association of the summary performance score with disability status at follow-up, after adjustment for age, sex, and the number of chronic conditions.
Results
Among the 1122 subjects who were not disabled at base line and were followed for four years, 212 (18.9 percent) had mobility-related disability and 112 (10.0 percent) had disability in the activities of daily living at follow-up. Table 1Table 1
Presence and Type of Disability at Four Years of Follow-up, According to Scores on Base-line Measures of Perform ance. shows disability status at four years according to scores on the individual tests of lower-extremity function. Those with better performance (higher scores) had significantly less disability in mobility and disability in the activities of daily living at four years.The association of the summary performance score at base line with disability status four years later is shown in Figure 1Figure 1
Disability Status at Four Years According to the Base-line Summary Performance Scores among 1121 Subjects with No Disability at Base Line.. There is a clear gradient in the risk of mobility-related disability and disability in the activities of daily living across the full range of performance scores; higher scores, indicating better functional status at base line, are associated with a lower risk of subsequent disability.Table 2Table 2
Adjusted Relative Risk of Disability at Four Years of Follow-up, According to the Summary Performance Score at Base Line. shows the results of two separate logistic-regression models used to estimate the relative risk of disability for two levels of performance, as compared with the highest level of performance, with adjustment for age, sex, and the number of chronic conditions. The subjects with summary performance scores of 4, 5, or 6 were 4.2 to 4.9 times more likely to have disability in the activities of daily living or mobility-related disability at four years than those with scores of 10, 11, or 12, and those with performance scores of 7, 8, or 9 were 1.6 to 1.8 times more likely to become disabled. Very similar results were found in analyses that assessed the risk of disability after one year of follow-up in 1276 subjects (data not shown). At one year, the relative risk of disability in the activities of daily living was 5.7 (95 percent confidence interval, 2.0 to 16.6) for those with performance scores of 4 to 6, and 2.1 (95 percent confidence interval, 0.8 to 5.6) for those with performance scores of 7 to 9; for mobility-related disability the relative risks were 5.0 (95 percent confidence interval, 3.0 to 8.2) and 2.1 (95 percent confidence interval, 1.4 to 3.1), respectively. Individual measures of performance were also significant predictors of disability in adjusted models. For example, the relative risks of mobility-related disability at four years for subjects with the poorest scores on the tests of walking, rising from a chair, and balance, as compared with those with the best scores, were 4.8 (95 percent confidence interval, 2.4 to 9.6), 4.1 (95 percent confidence interval, 2.3 to 7.2), and 1.9 (95 percent confidence interval, 1.2 to 2.9), respectively.Analyses were conducted that further restricted the base-line population by excluding subjects who reported needing help in other activities of daily living (dressing or eating) or in doing heavy housework or who said they had any difficulty with lifting weights of more than 10 lb (4.5 kg); pushing or pulling a large object; stooping, crouching, or kneeling; extending their arms above shoulder level; or writing or handling small objects (these items are derived from Nagi30). After these exclusions, there remained 400 subjects with four years of follow-up. Although the number of subjects with disability at follow-up was small in this subgroup, relations between lower-extremity function as measured in the tests and subsequent disability were similar to those in the full cohort. At four years, the relative risk of disability in the activities of daily living was 7.1 (95 percent confidence interval, 2.4 to 20.9) for subjects with summary performance scores of 4 to 6, as compared with those with scores of 10 to 12, and 1.3 (95 percent confidence interval, 0.6 to 2.9) for those with performance scores of 7 to 9; the relative risks of mobility-related disability were 4.2 (95 percent confidence interval, 1.6 to 11.3) and 1.9 (95 percent confidence interval, 1.1 to 3.3), respectively.
Figure 2Figure 2
Disability Status at Four Years According to the Base-line Summary Performance Score among 359 Subjects with Mobility-Related Disability at Base Line. shows the results of an analysis of a group of subjects who had mobility-related disability but no disability in the activities of daily living at base line; unlike the previously described analyses, it included subjects who were unable to complete one or more performance tests. Those with higher summary performance scores at base line were still less likely to have disability in the activities of daily living and more likely to report no disability at follow-up. Logistic-regression analysis in which we controlled for age, sex, and the number of chronic conditions showed that those with summary performance scores of 7 or higher were 2.8 times as likely (95 percent confidence interval, 1.2 to 6.7 times) to have no disability at four years as those with scores below 7.Discussion
Our study provides strong evidence that measures of lower-extremity function in a nondisabled population predict the subsequent onset of disability. The performance measures showed a gradient of risk among our nondisabled subjects and could be used to identify subgroups at very low and high risk of disability. The results were similar when the analyses were further limited to subjects with a very high level of functioning, who reported that they had no difficulty or needed no help with a larger group of activities than was used initially to select the study population.
The Iowa population we studied is not representative of all older persons, and our findings should be replicated in nonrural, racially mixed populations. The results of this study are compatible with the report of Seeman and colleagues16 that in a highly functional but more diverse older population, poorer results on tests of physical performance at base line were associated with greater decline in scores on the performance measures three years later. A limitation of our study is that we did not validate the disability-outcome measures by direct observation of the subjects in this population. A further limitation is that we included only the subjects who survived for four years. Nonetheless, the association of performance with disability was very similar at one and four years, indicating that lower-extremity function predicts the onset of disability in both the short and the long term.
A number of risk factors for disability have been reported, including specific chronic diseases, health-related behavioral factors, and sociodemographic characteristics.15,31-33 Although these factors can be used to identify persons who are at increased risk of disability, the characterization of a functional state that predicts disability could also be useful in studying the process by which people become disabled and in developing strategies for intervention. The World Health Organization and others have proposed models to explain the functional consequences of disease.30,34,35 Although they differ in certain aspects, these models portray a progression from disease through various stages of functional change that are compatible with the path from decreased lower-extremity function to disability that we used as the framework for this study. Fried et al.36 have hypothesized the existence of a stage of preclinical disability in which there is a decrease in functional ability, a need to use compensatory strategies, and a greater risk of functional decline and of the onset of disability. The demonstration that poorer scores on tests of physical performance in subjects without disability predict the subsequent development of disability provides evidence that this state of preclinical disability can be identified.
Lower-extremity function probably predicts the subsequent development of disability in large part because it reflects the effects of chronic disease, coexisting conditions, and physiologic decline that have not yet caused frank disability. Although the presence of certain diseases at base line was controlled for in our analyses, our data set did not include information either on an extensive list of conditions or on the severity of the diseases that were included. It is conceivable that if comprehensive data on existing diseases, their severity, and coexisting conditions were entered into the models, the performance score would no longer be an independent predictor of disability. However, disuse unrelated to disease status, a lower level of fitness, increased susceptibility to injury in those with impaired function, and a host of other modifiers of the relation between disease and disability make it unlikely that disease status alone would predict subsequent disability. Again, the tests of physical performance might capture information about many of these factors, including aspects of well-being, such as motivation, that are hard to measure.
Alternative explanations for the findings must also be considered. Subjects with poorer scores on the performance tests may already have had mild disability that was not assessed by the questionnaire used to select the study population. In this case, the measures of performance would have reflected the presence of mild disability, which in itself would place subjects at greater risk for subsequent serious disability. Another explanation is that those with poorer performance scores may have stated inaccurately that they were not disabled at base line and correctly reported their disability at follow-up. These two explanations are unlikely to explain our findings completely, however, since it was also shown that the performance measures predicted disability in analyses that included only the subjects who reported no disability at base line in a long list of functional areas.
Primary prevention of disease is the ultimate method of preventing disability. There is also a great need for prevention among persons who have chronic diseases that could lead to disability and among those whose mild reductions in function could progress to severe disability. These results have implications for clinical trials of interventions to reduce the onset and progression of disability. A number of studies have shown that interventions may improve characteristics such as strength, gait, and balance.37,38 Our study provides evidence that subjects with higher levels of functioning in these areas have a lower incidence of subsequent disability. This situation is analogous to others in which an intervention is shown to affect an intermediate end point, such as blood pressure, and epidemiologic studies have shown that the intermediate end point is related to an outcome of ultimate importance, such as the incidence of stroke. The only way truly to evaluate the efficacy of the intervention is through a randomized clinical trial in which the outcome measure is the end point of ultimate concern. In addition to providing evidence that intermediate end points are related to the incidence of disability, our results suggest that measures of performance may be valuable in identifying persons who are currently not disabled but are at increased risk for subsequent disability and therefore good candidates for a trial of an intervention to prevent disability.
We also found that in those with moderate disability — in this case, mobility-related disability — measures of lower-extremity function were related to the worsening or improvement of disability. Trials of interventions designed to improve performance in a group such as this could lead not only to the prevention of severe disability but also to the promotion of recovery from disability.
Supported by a contract (N01-AG-0-2106) and a grant (AG-10127-01) from the National Institute on Aging.
We are indebted to Yong Lee and Geane Schubert for their important contributions in the analysis of the data.
Source Information
From the Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry Program, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, Md. (J.M.G., E.M.S., M.E.S.); the Geriatrics Department, Hospital “I Fraticini,” National Institute for Research and Care of the Elderly (INRCA), Florence, Italy (L.F.); and the Department of Preventive Medicine and Environmental Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City (R.B.W.).
Address reprint requests to Dr. Guralnik at the National Institute on Aging, 7201 Wisconsin Ave., Rm. 3C-309, Bethesda, MD 20892.
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Lisa Fredman, William G. Hawkes, Sandra Black, Rosanna M. Bertrand, Jay Magaziner. (2006) Elderly Patients with Hip Fracture with Positive Affect Have Better Functional Recovery over 2 Years. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 54:7, 1074-1081
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J. M. Guralnik, S. Butterworth, M. E. J. Wadsworth, D. Kuh. (2006) Childhood Socioeconomic Status Predicts Physical Functioning a Half Century Later. The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences 61:7, 694-701
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Mary M. McDermott, Michael H. Criqui, Luigi Ferrucci, Jack M. Guralnik, Lu Tian, Kiang Liu, Philip Greenland, Jin Tan, Joseph R. Schneider, Elizabeth Clark, William H. Pearce. (2006) Obesity, weight change, and functional decline in peripheral arterial disease. Journal of Vascular Surgery 43:6, 1198-1204
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J. David Curb, Clementina D. Ceria-Ulep, Beatriz L. Rodriguez, John Grove, Jack Guralnik, Brad J. Willcox, Tim A. Donlon, Kamal H. Masaki, Randi Chen. (2006) Performance-Based Measures of Physical Function for High-Function Populations. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 54:5, 737-742
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Linda F. Fried, Jung Sun Lee, Michael Shlipak, Glenn M. Chertow, Christie Green, Jingzhong Ding, Tamara Harris, Anne B. Newman, . (2006) Chronic Kidney Disease and Functional Limitation in Older People: Health, Aging and Body Composition Study. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 54:5, 750-756
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N. B. Alexander, A. Goldberg. (2006) Clinical gait and stepping performance measures in older adults. European Review of Aging and Physical Activity 3:1, 20-28
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Michael D. Brennan, Claudia Powell, Kenton R. Kaufman, Pi Chang Sun, Rebecca S. Bahn, K. Sreekumaran Nair. (2006) The Impact of Overt and Subclinical Hyperthyroidism on Skeletal Muscle. Thyroid 16:4, 375-380
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M. M. McDermott, K. Liu, J. M. Guralnik, L. Ferrucci, D. Green, P. Greenland, L. Tian, M. H. Criqui, C. Lo, N. Rifai, P. M. Ridker, J. Zheng, W. Pearce. (2006) Functional Decline in Patients With and Without Peripheral Arterial Disease: Predictive Value of Annual Changes in Levels of C-Reactive Protein and D-Dimer. The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences 61:4, 374-379
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H.-K. Kuo, J. F. Bean, C.-J. Yen, S. G. Leveille. (2006) Linking C-Reactive Protein to Late-Life Disability in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2002. The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences 61:4, 380-387
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Katharina Pils, Friederike Neumann. (2006) Unterschiedliches Gesundheitsverhalten bezüglich Bluthochdruck und Harninkontinenz bei gesundheitsbewusst lebenden älteren Menschen. Wiener Medizinische Wochenschrift 156:5-6, 158-161
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Jay Giri, Mary M. McDermott, Philip Greenland, Jack M. Guralnik, Michael H. Criqui, Kiang Liu, Luigi Ferrucci, David Green, Joseph R. Schneider, Lu Tian. (2006) Statin Use and Functional Decline in Patients With and Without Peripheral Arterial Disease. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 47:5, 998-1004
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Graziano Onder, Matteo Cesari, Andrea Russo, Valentina Zamboni, Roberto Bernabei, Francesco Landi. (2006) Association between daily pain and physical function among old–old adults living in the community: Results from the ilSIRENTE study. Pain 121:1-2, 53-59
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P. Hämäläinen, J. Suni, M. Pasanen, J. Malmberg, S. Miilunpalo. (2006) Changes in physical performance among high-functioning older adults: a 6-year follow-up study. European Journal of Ageing 3:1, 3-14
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Kenneth E. Covinsky, Joan Hilton, Karla Lindquist, R Adams Dudley. (2006) Development and Validation of an Index to Predict Activity of Daily Living Dependence in Community-Dwelling Elders. Medical Care 44:2, 149-157
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Mauro Bari, Adriana Virgillo, Daniela Matteuzzi, Marco Inzitari, Giampiero Mazzaglia, Claudia Pozzi, Pierangelo Geppetti, Giulio Masotti, Niccolò Marchionni, Riccardo Pini. (2006) Predictive Validity of Measures of Comorbidity in Older Community Dwellers: The Insufficienza Cardiaca negli Anziani Residenti a Dicomano Study. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 54:2, 210-216
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S B Angleman, T B Harris, D Melzer. (2006) The role of waist circumference in predicting disability in periretirement age adults. International Journal of Obesity 30:2, 364-373
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Marco Inzitari, Antonio Carlo, Marzia Baldereschi, Giovanni Pracucci, Stefania Maggi, Carlo Gandolfo, Salvatore Bonaiuto, Gino Farchi, Emanuele Scafato, Pierugo Carbonin, Domenico Inzitari, . (2006) Risk and Predictors of Motor-Performance Decline in a Normally Functioning Population-Based Sample of Elderly Subjects: The Italian Longitudinal Study on Aging. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 54:2, 318-324
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Thomas M. Gill, Heather G. Allore, Susan E. Hardy, Zhenchao Guo. (2006) The Dynamic Nature of Mobility Disability in Older Persons. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 54:2, 248-254
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Helen Hoenig, Shanti Portia Ganesh, Donald H. Taylor, Carl Pieper, Jack Guralnik, Linda P. Fried. (2006) Lower Extremity Physical Performance and Use of Compensatory Strategies for Mobility. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 54:2, 262-269
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Yves Rolland, Valerie Lauwers-Cances, Matteo Cesari, Bruno Vellas, Marco Pahor, Hélène Grandjean. (2006) Physical Performance Measures as Predictors of Mortality in a Cohort of Community-dwelling Older French Women. European Journal of Epidemiology 21:2, 113-122
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SHANNON L. MIHALKO, KATIE L. WICKLEY, BRIANNE L. SHARPE. (2006) Promoting Physical Activity in Independent Living Communities. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 38:1, 112-115
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C. A. Reyes-Ortiz, H. Ayele, T. Mulligan, D. V. Espino, I. M. Berges, K. S. Markides. (2006) Higher church attendance predicts lower fear of falling in older Mexican-Americans. Aging & Mental Health 10:1, 13-18
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Henrik Ekström, Sölve Elmståhl. (2006) Pain and fractures are independently related to lower walking speed and grip strength: Results from the population study “Good Ageing in Skåne”. Acta Orthopaedica 77:6, 902-911
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Erik Rosendahl, Nina Lindelöf, Håkan Littbrand, Elinor Yifter-Lindgren, Lillemor Lundin-Olsson, Lena Håglin, Yngve Gustafson, Lars Nyberg. (2006) High-intensity functional exercise program and proteinenriched energy supplement for older persons dependent in activities of daily living: A randomised controlled trial. Australian Journal of Physiotherapy 52:2, 105-113
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A. K. Coppin, L. Ferrucci, F. Lauretani, C. Phillips, M. Chang, S. Bandinelli, J. M. Guralnik. (2006) Low Socioeconomic Status and Disability in Old Age: Evidence From the InChianti Study for the Mediating Role of Physiological Impairments. The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences 61:1, 86-91
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Mary M. McDermott, Jack M. Guralnik, Luigi Ferrucci, Michael H. Criqui, Philip Greenland, Lu Tian, Kiang Liu, Jin Tan. (2005) Functional decline in lower-extremity peripheral arterial disease: Associations with comorbidity, gender, and race. Journal of Vascular Surgery 42:6, 1131-1137
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S. Volpato, S. G. Leveille, C. Blaum, L. P. Fried, J. M. Guralnik. (2005) Risk Factors for Falls in Older Disabled Women With Diabetes: The Women's Health and Aging Study. The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences 60:12, 1539-1545
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Leo D. Roorda, Marij E. Roebroeck, Theo van Tilburg, Ivo W. Molenaar, Gustaaf J. Lankhorst, Lex M. Bouter. (2005) Measuring Activity Limitations in Walking: Development of a Hierarchical Scale for Patients With Lower-Extremity Disorders Who Live at Home. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 86:12, 2277-2283
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A. Salvà, I. Bolibar, R. Lucas, X. Rojano-Luque. (2005) Utilización del POMA en nuestro medio para la valoración del equilibrio y la marcha en una población de personas mayors residentes en la comunidad. Revista Española de Geriatría y Gerontología 40, 36-44
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Adam Graf, James O. Judge, Sylvia Õunpuu, Darryl G. Thelen. (2005) The Effect of Walking Speed on Lower-Extremity Joint Powers Among Elderly Adults Who Exhibit Low Physical Performance. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 86:11, 2177-2183
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C. S. Carter, G. Onder, S. B. Kritchevsky, M. Pahor. (2005) Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibition Intervention in Elderly Persons: Effects on Body Composition and Physical Performance. The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences 60:11, 1437-1446
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M. Montero-Odasso, M. Schapira, E. R. Soriano, M. Varela, R. Kaplan, L. A. Camera, L. M. Mayorga. (2005) Gait Velocity as a Single Predictor of Adverse Events in Healthy Seniors Aged 75 Years and Older. The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences 60:10, 1304-1309
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Soham Al Snih, Mukaila A. Raji, Kyriakos S. Markides, Kenneth J. Ottenbacher, James S. Goodwin. (2005) Weight Change and Lower Body Disability in Older Mexican Americans. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 53:10, 1730-1737
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Tomasz Kostka. (2005) Quadriceps maximal power and optimal shortening velocity in 335 men aged 23–88 years. European Journal of Applied Physiology 95:2-3, 140-145
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Matteo Cesari, Stephen B. Kritchevsky, Brenda W. H. J. Penninx, Barbara J. Nicklas, Eleanor M. Simonsick, Anne B. Newman, Frances A. Tylavsky, Jennifer S. Brach, Suzanne Satterfield, Douglas C. Bauer, Marjolein Visser, Susan M. Rubin, Tamara B. Harris, Marco Pahor. (2005) Prognostic Value of Usual Gait Speed in Well-Functioning Older PeopleâResults from the Health, Aging and Body Composition Study. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 53:10, 1675-1680
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Mary M. McDermott, Luigi Ferrucci, Kiang Liu, Michael H. Criqui, Philip Greenland, David Green, Jack M. Guralnik, Paul M. Ridker, Lloyd M. Taylor, Nader Rifai, Lu Tian, Jane Zheng, William H. Pearce, Joseph R. Schneider, Ed Vonesh. (2005) D-Dimer and Inflammatory Markers as Predictors of Functional Decline in Men and Women with and without Peripheral Arterial Disease. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 53:10, 1688-1696
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Daniel O. Clark, Christopher M. Callahan, Steven R. Counsell. (2005) Reliability and Validity of a Steadiness Score. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 53:9, 1582-1586
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K E Charlton, T L Kolbe-Alexander, J H Nel. (2005) Micronutrient dilution associated with added sugar intake in elderly black South African women. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 59:9, 1030-1042
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S. Al Snih, M. N. Fisher, M. A. Raji, K. S. Markides, G. V. Ostir, J. S. Goodwin. (2005) Diabetes Mellitus and Incidence of Lower Body Disability Among Older Mexican Americans. The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences 60:9, 1152-1156
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Laura A. Schaap, Saskia M. F. Pluijm, Jan H. Smit, Natasja M. van Schoor, Marjolein Visser, Louis J. G. Gooren, Paul Lips. (2005) The association of sex hormone levels with poor mobility, low muscle strength and incidence of falls among older men and women. Clinical Endocrinology 63:2, 152-160
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S. Goya Wannamethee, Shah Ebrahim, Olia Papacosta, A. Gerald Shaper. (2005) From a postal questionnaire of older men, healthy lifestyle factors reduced the onset of and may have increased recovery from mobility limitation. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology 58:8, 831-840
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Hal H. Atkinson, Matteo Cesari, Stephen B. Kritchevsky, Brenda W. J. H. Penninx, Linda P. Fried, Jack M. Guralnik, Jeff D. Williamson. (2005) Predictors of Combined Cognitive and Physical Decline. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 53:7, 1197-1202
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S. Perera, S. Studenski, J. M. Chandler, J. M. Guralnik. (2005) Magnitude and Patterns of Decline in Health and Function in 1 Year Affect Subsequent 5-Year Survival. The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences 60:7, 894-900
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C. M. Boyd, Q.-L. Xue, J. M. Guralnik, L. P. Fried. (2005) Hospitalization and Development of Dependence in Activities of Daily Living in a Cohort of Disabled Older Women: The Women's Health and Aging Study I. The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences 60:7, 888-893
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Marie-Laure Mille, Marjorie E. Johnson, Katherine M. Martinez, Mark W. Rogers. (2005) Age-dependent differences in lateral balance recovery through protective stepping. Clinical Biomechanics 20:6, 607-616
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Nina Rautio, Eino Heikkinen, Shah Ebrahim. (2005) Socio-economic position and its relationship to physical capacity among elderly people living in Jyväskylä, Finland: five- and ten-year follow-up studies. Social Science & Medicine 60:11, 2405-2416
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Richard Woodman, Luigi Ferrucci, Jack Guralnik. (2005) Anemia in older adults. Current Opinion in Internal Medicine 4:3, 261-266
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M. C. Reid, C. S. Williams, T. M. Gill. (2005) Back Pain and Decline in Lower Extremity Physical Function Among Community-Dwelling Older Persons. The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences 60:6, 793-797
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Pawel Szulc, Tom J Beck, François Marchand, Pierre D Delmas. (2005) Low Skeletal Muscle Mass Is Associated With Poor Structural Parameters of Bone and Impaired Balance in Elderly Men-The MINOS Study. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research 20:5, 721-729
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Beatrice Alexandra Golomb. (2005) Implications of statin adverse effects in the elderly. Expert Opinion on Drug Safety 4:3, 389-397
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Caterina Rosano, Lewis H. Kuller, Hyoju Chung, Alice M. Arnold, William T. Longstreth, Anne B. Newman. (2005) Subclinical Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging Abnormalities Predict Physical Functional Decline in High-Functioning Older Adults. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 53:4, 649-654
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S. Herman, D. K. Kiely, S. Leveille, E. O'Neill, S. Cyberey, J. F. Bean. (2005) Upper and Lower Limb Muscle Power Relationships in Mobility-Limited Older Adults. The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences 60:4, 476-480
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Teeranut Harnirattisai, Rebecca A. Johnson. (2005) Effectiveness of a Behavioral Change Intervention in Thai Elders After Knee Replacement. Nursing Research 54:2, 97???107
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M.-M. G. Wilson, D. K. Miller, E. M. Andresen, T. K. Malmstrom, J. P. Miller, F. D. Wolinsky. (2005) Fear of Falling and Related Activity Restriction Among Middle-Aged African Americans. The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences 60:3, 355-360
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Kevin High, Suzanne Bradley, Mark Loeb, Robert Palmer, Vincent Quagliarello, Thomas Yoshikawa. (2005) A New Paradigm for Clinical Investigation of Infectious Syndromes in Older Adults: Assessing Functional Status as a Risk Factor and Outcome Measure. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 53:3, 528-535
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Hansjoerg Baezner, Michael Hennerici. (2005) From trepidant abasia to motor network failure—gait disorders as a consequence of subcortical vascular encephalopathy (SVE). Journal of the Neurological Sciences 229-230, 81-88
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T. D. Hill, J. L. Angel, C. G. Ellison, R. J. Angel. (2005) Religious Attendance and Mortality: An 8-Year Follow-Up of Older Mexican Americans. The Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences 60:2, S102-S109
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D. Kuh, E. J. Bassey, S. Butterworth, R. Hardy, M. E. J. Wadsworth, . (2005) Grip Strength, Postural Control, and Functional Leg Power in a Representative Cohort of British Men and Women: Associations With Physical Activity, Health Status, and Socioeconomic Conditions. The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences 60:2, 224-231
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Eleanor M. Simonsick, Jack M. Guralnik, Stefano Volpato, Jennifer Balfour, Linda P. Fried. (2005) Just Get Out the Door! Importance of Walking Outside the Home for Maintaining Mobility: Findings from the Women's Health and Aging Study. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 53:2, 198-203
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Todd M. Manini, Summer B. Cook, Nathaniel R. Ordway, Robert J. Ploutz-Snyder, Lori L. Ploutz-Snyder. (2005) Knee Extensor Isometric Unsteadiness Does Not Predict Functional Limitation in Older Adults. American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation 84:2, 112-121
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Tome Ikezoe, Akimitsu Tsutou, Yasuyoshi Asakawa, Tadao Tsuboyama. (2005) Low Intensity Training for Frail Elderly Women: Long-term Effects on Motor Function and Mobility. Journal of Physical Therapy Science 17:1, 43-49
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K. P. High, S. Bradley, M. Loeb, R. Palmer, V. Quagliarello, T. Yoshikawa. (2005) A New Paradigm for Clinical Investigation of Infectious Syndromes in Older Adults: Assessment of Functional Status as a Risk Factor and Outcome Measure. Clinical Infectious Diseases 40:1, 114-122
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Leonardo Pantoni, Anna Maria Basile, Giovanni Pracucci, Kjell Asplund, Julien Bogousslavsky, Hugues Chabriat, Timo Erkinjuntti, Franz Fazekas, José M. Ferro, Michael Hennerici, John O’Brien, Philip Scheltens, Marieke C. Visser, Lars-Olof Wahlund, Gunhild Waldemar, Anders Wallin, Domenico Inzitari. (2005) Impact of Age-Related Cerebral White Matter Changes on the Transition to Disability – The LADIS Study: Rationale, Design and Methodology. Neuroepidemiology 24:1-2, 51-62
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Anne Tiedemann, Catherine Sherrington, Stephen R. Lord. (2005) Physiological and Psychological Predictors of Walking Speed in Older Community-Dwelling People. Gerontology 51:6, 390-395
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A. M. Kenny, D. McGee, C. Joseph, J. Covault, C. Abreu, L. G. Raisz. (2005) Lack of Association Between Androgen Receptor Polymorphisms and Bone Mineral Density or Physical Function in Older Men. Endocrine Research 31:4, 285-293
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Thomas Clausen, Karen E. Charlton, Kesitegile S.M. Gobotswang, Gerd Holmboe-Ottesen. (2005) Predictors of food variety and dietary diversity among older persons in Botswana. Nutrition 21:1, 86-95
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G. Onder, B. W. J. H. Penninx, L. Ferrucci, L. P. Fried, J. M. Guralnik, M. Pahor. (2005) Measures of Physical Performance and Risk for Progressive and Catastrophic Disability: Results From the Women's Health and Aging Study. The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences 60:1, 74-79
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E. Bramell-Risberg, G.-B. Jarnlo, L. Minthon, S. Elmståhl. (2005) Lower Gait Speed in Older Women with Dementia Compared with Controls. Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders 20:5, 298-305
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Charlotte Suetta, S. Peter Magnusson, Anna Rosted, Per Aagaard, Ane K. Jakobsen, Lone H. Larsen, Benn Duus, Michael Kjaer. (2004) Resistance Training in the Early Postoperative Phase Reduces Hospitalization and Leads to Muscle Hypertrophy in Elderly Hip Surgery PatientsâA Controlled, Randomized Study. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 52:12, 2016-2022
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Milan Chang, Jiska Cohen-Mansfield, Luigi Ferrucci, Suzanne Leveille, Stefano Volpato, Nathalie De Rekeneire, Jack M. Guralnik. (2004) Incidence of Loss of Ability to Walk 400 Meters in a Functionally Limited Older Population. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 52:12, 2094-2098
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R. H. Fortinsky, J. R. Fenster, J. O. Judge. (2004) Medicare and Medicaid Home Health and Medicaid Waiver Services for Dually Eligible Older Adults: Risk Factors for Use and Correlates of Expenditures. The Gerontologist 44:6, 739-749
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Alison Chang, Karen Hayes, Dorothy Dunlop, Debra Hurwitz, Jing Song, September Cahue, Ronuk Genge, Leena Sharma. (2004) Thrust during ambulation and the progression of knee osteoarthritis. Arthritis & Rheumatism 50:12, 3897-3903
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Joseph R. Sharkey, Laurence G. Branch. (2004) Gender Differences in Physical Performance, Body Composition, and Dietary Intake in Homebound Elders. Journal of Women & Aging 16:3-4, 71-90
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Marc-Andre Gilles Roy, Timothy J. Doherty. (2004) Reliability of Hand-Held Dynamometry in Assessment of Knee Extensor Strength After Hip Fracture. American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation 83:11, 813-818
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Mary M. McDermott, Jack M. Guralnik, Philip Greenland, David Green, Kiang Liu, Paul M. Ridker, Cheeling Chan, Michael H. Criqui, Luigi Ferrucci, Lloyd M. Taylor, William H. Pearce, Joseph R. Schneider, Sarah I. Oskin. (2004) Inflammatory and Thrombotic Blood Markers and Walking-Related Disability in Men and Women with and Without Peripheral Arterial Disease. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 52:11, 1888-1894
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S. Maggi, M. Noale, P. Gallina, C. Marzari, D. Bianchi, F. Limongi, G. Crepaldi, . (2004) Physical disability among older Italians with diabetes. The ILSA Study. Diabetologia 47:11, 1957-1962
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Aanand D. Naik, John Concato, Thomas M. Gill. (2004) Bathing Disability in Community-Living Older Persons: Common, Consequential, and Complex. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 52:11, 1805-1810
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Shah Ebrahim, Olia Papacosta, Goya Wannamethee, Joy Adamson. (2004) Social inequalities and disability in older men: prospective findings from the British regional heart study. Social Science & Medicine 59:10, 2109-2120
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Paulo H. M. Chaves, Qian-Li Xue, Jack M. Guralnik, Luigi Ferrucci, Stefano Volpato, Linda P. Fried. (2004) What Constitutes Normal Hemoglobin Concentration in Community-Dwelling Disabled Older Women?. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 52:11, 1811-1816
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Martin Runge, Jorn Rittweger, Cosimo Roberto Russo, Hans Schiessl, Dieter Felsenberg. (2004) Is muscle power output a key factor in the age-related decline in physical performance? A comparison of muscle cross section, chair-rising test and jumping power. Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging 24:6, 335-340
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Michael P. Godard, Samantha A. Whitman, Scott R. Richmond. (2004) Effects of Balance Training on Stability and Neuromuscular Drive in Older Women. Activities, Adaptation & Aging 28:4, 59-73
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Donald H. Paterson, Devin Govindasamy, Marjan Vidmar, David A. Cunningham, John J. Koval. (2004) Longitudinal Study of Determinants of Dependence in an Elderly Population. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 52:10, 1632-1638
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Mauro Di Bari, Claudia Pozzi, Maria Chiara Cavallini, Francesca Innocenti, Giorgio Baldereschi, Walter De Alfieri, Enrico Antonini, Riccardo Pini, Giulio Masotti, Niccolò Marchionni. (2004) The diagnosis of heart failure in the community. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 44:8, 1601-1608
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D. B. Reuben, T. E. Seeman, E. Keeler, R. P. Hayes, L. Bowman, A. Sewall, S. H. Hirsch, R. B. Wallace, J. M. Guralnik. (2004) Refining the Categorization of Physical Functional Status: The Added Value of Combining Self-Reported and Performance-Based Measures. The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences 59:10, M1056-M1061
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Thomas E. Brothers, Montgomery H. Cox, Jacob G. Robison, Bruce M. Elliott, Paul Nietert. (2004) Prospective decision analysis modeling indicates that clinical decisions in vascular surgery often fail to maximize patient expected utility. Journal of Surgical Research 120:2, 278-287
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Auxiliadora Graciani, José R Banegas, Esther López-Garcı́a, Fernando Rodrı́guez-Artalejo. (2004) Prevalence of disability and associated social and health-related factors among the elderly in Spain: a population-based study. Maturitas 48:4, 381-392
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Jodi D. Stookey, Jama L. Purser, Carl F. Pieper, Harvey J. Cohen. (2004) Plasma Hypertonicity: Another Marker of Frailty?. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 52:8, 1313-1320
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H.-K. Kuo, L. A. Lipsitz. (2004) Cerebral White Matter Changes and Geriatric Syndromes: Is There a Link?. The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences 59:8, M818-M826
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Thomas M Gill, Dorothy I Baker, Margaret Gottschalk, Peter N Peduzzi, Heather Allore, Peter H Van Ness. (2004) A prehabilitation program for the prevention of functional decline: effect on higher-level physical function. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 85:7, 1043-1049
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Andrew W Gardner, Polly S Montgomery, Lois A Killewich. (2004) Natural history of physical function in older men with intermittent claudication. Journal of Vascular Surgery 40:1, 73-78
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T. M. Gill, H. Allore, Z. Guo. (2004) The Deleterious Effects of Bed Rest Among Community-Living Older Persons. The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences 59:7, M755-M761
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Jiska Cohen-Mansfield, Marcia S Marx, James R Biddison, Jack M Guralnik. (2004) Socio-environmental exercise preferences among older adults. Preventive Medicine 38:6, 804-811
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Cheryl Rucker-Whitaker, Philip Greenland, Kiang Liu, Cheeling Chan, Jack M. Guralnik, Michael H. Criqui, Lloyd Taylor, William H. Pearce, Mary McGraeMcDermott. (2004) Peripheral Arterial Disease in African Americans: Clinical Characteristics, Leg Symptoms, and Lower Extremity Functioning. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 52:6, 922-930
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D. B. Reuben, T. E. Seeman, E. Keeler, R. P. Hayes, L. Bowman, A. Sewall, S. H. Hirsch, R. B. Wallace, J. M. Guralnik. (2004) The Effect of Self-Reported and Performance-Based Functional Impairment on Future Hospital Costs of Community-Dwelling Older Persons. The Gerontologist 44:3, 401-407
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K. J. Ottenbacher, G. V. Ostir, M. K. Peek, K. S. Markides. (2004) Diabetes Mellitus as a Risk Factor for Stroke Incidence and Mortality in Mexican American Older Adults. The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences 59:6, M640-M645
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Brenda W. J. H. Penninx, Marco Pahor, Matteo Cesari, Anna Maria Corsi, Richard C. Woodman, Stephania Bandinelli, Jack M. Guralnik, Luigi Ferrucci. (2004) Anemia Is Associated with Disability and Decreased Physical Performance and Muscle Strength in the Elderly. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 52:5, 719-724
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O. Seynnes, M. A. Fiatarone Singh, O. Hue, P. Pras, P. Legros, P. L. Bernard. (2004) Physiological and Functional Responses to Low-Moderate Versus High-Intensity Progressive Resistance Training in Frail Elders. The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences 59:5, M503-M509
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Jennifer S. Brach, Eleanor M. Simonsick, Stephen Kritchevsky, Kristine Yaffe, Anne B. Newman, . (2004) The Association Between Physical Function and Lifestyle Activity and Exercise in the Health, Aging and Body Composition Study. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 52:4, 502-509
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S. L. Hughes, R. B. Seymour, R. Campbell, N. Pollak, G. Huber, L. Sharma. (2004) Impact of the Fit and Strong Intervention on Older Adults With Osteoarthritis. The Gerontologist 44:2, 217-228
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Luigi Ferrucci, Jack M. Guralnik, Stephanie Studenski, Linda P. Fried, Gordon B. Cutler, Jeremy D. Walston, . (2004) Designing Randomized, Controlled Trials Aimed at Preventing or Delaying Functional Decline and Disability in Frail, Older Persons: A Consensus Report. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 52:4, 625-634
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Derrick A. Bennett, Nancy K. Latham, Caroline Stretton, Craig S. Anderson. (2004) Capture-recapture is a potentially useful method for assessing publication bias. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology 57:4, 349-357
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Mary McGrae Mcdermott, Jack M. Guralnik, Monique Albay, Stefania Bandinelli, Benedetta Miniati, Luigi Ferrucci. (2004) Impairments of Muscles and Nerves Associated with Peripheral Arterial Disease and Their Relationship with Lower Extremity Functioning: The InCHIANTI Study. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 52:3, 405-410
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Mary McGrae McDermott, Michael H Criqui, Philip Greenland, Jack M Guralnik, Kiang Liu, William H Pearce, Lloyd Taylor, Cheeling Chan, Lillian Celic, Charles Woolley, Michael P O'Brien, Joseph R Schneider. (2004) Leg strength in peripheral arterial disease: associations with disease severity and lower-extremity performance. Journal of Vascular Surgery 39:3, 523-530
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L. P. Fried, L. Ferrucci, J. Darer, J. D. Williamson, G. Anderson. (2004) Untangling the Concepts of Disability, Frailty, and Comorbidity: Implications for Improved Targeting and Care. The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences 59:3, M255-M263
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J. K. Petrella, M. E. Cress. (2004) Daily Ambulation Activity and Task Performance in Community-Dwelling Older Adults Aged 63-71 Years With Preclinical Disability. The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences 59:3, M264-M267
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Krystyna Jaracz, Gunnel Gustafsson, Elisabeth Hamrin. (2004) The life situation and functional capacity of the elderly with locomotor disability in Sweden and Poland according to a model by Lawton. International Journal of Nursing Practice 10:1, 45-53
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T. M. Damush, D. M. Smith, A. J. Perkins, P. R. Dexter, F. Smith. (2004) Risk Factors for Nonelective Hospitalization in Frail and Older Adult, Inner-City Outpatients. The Gerontologist 44:1, 68-75
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Ecosse L Lamoureux, Jennifer B Hassell, Jill E Keeffe. (2004) The determinants of participation in activities of daily living in people with impaired vision. American Journal of Ophthalmology 137:2, 265-270
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M. E. Nelson, J. E. Layne, M. J. Bernstein, A. Nuernberger, C. Castaneda, D. Kaliton, J. Hausdorff, J. O. Judge, D. M. Buchner, R. Roubenoff, M. A. Fiatarone Singh. (2004) The Effects of Multidimensional Home-Based Exercise on Functional Performance in Elderly People. The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences 59:2, M154-M160
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Shu-Chuan Jennifer Yeh, Sing Kai Lo. (2004) Is Rehabilitation Associated With Change in Functional Status Among Nursing Home Residents?. Journal of Nursing Care Quality 19:1, 58-66
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J. Scott Long, Eliza Pavalko. (2004) Comparing Alternative Measures of Functional Limitation. Medical Care 42:1, 19-27
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Mary A. Dolansky, Shirley M. Moore. (2004) Effects of Cardiac Rehabilitation on the Recovery Outcomes of Older Adults After Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery. Journal of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation 24:4, 236-244
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Mary M. McDermott, Susan Tiukinhoy, Philip Greenland, Kiang Liu, William H. Pearce, Jack M. Guralnik, Shay Unterreiner, Ty J. Gluckman, Michael H. Criqui, Luigi Ferrucci. (2004) A Pilot Exercise Intervention to Improve Lower Extremity Functioning in Peripheral Arterial Disease Unaccompanied by Intermittent Claudication. Journal of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation 24:3, 187-196
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Jörn Rittweger, Hans Schiessl, Dieter Felsenberg, Martin Runge. (2004) Reproducibility of the Jumping Mechanography As a Test of Mechanical Power Output in Physically Competent Adult and Elderly Subjects. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 52:1, 128-131
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N. K. Latham, D. A. Bennett, C. M. Stretton, C. S. Anderson. (2004) Systematic Review of Progressive Resistance Strength Training in Older Adults. The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences 59:1, M48-M61
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S. G. Leveille, L. P. Fried, W. McMullen, J. M. Guralnik. (2004) Advancing the Taxonomy of Disability in Older Adults. The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences 59:1, M86-M93
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Leena Sharma, September Cahue, Jing Song, Karen Hayes, Yi-Chung Pai, Dorothy Dunlop. (2003) Physical functioning over three years in knee osteoarthritis: Role of psychosocial, local mechanical, and neuromuscular factors. Arthritis & Rheumatism 48:12, 3359-3370
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Debra K. Weiner, Catherine L. Haggerty, Stephen B. Kritchevsky, Tamara Harris, Eleanor M. Simonsick, Michael Nevitt, Anne Newman, . (2003) How Does Low Back Pain Impact Physical Function in Independent, Well-Functioning Older Adults? Evidence from the Health ABC Cohort and Implications for the Future. Pain Medicine 4:4, 311-320
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Miho Sugiura, Taketo Furuna, Satoshi Nishizawa, Hiroshi Nagasaki, Hajime Itoh, Takashi Kinugasa, Hideyuki Okuzumi, Takao Suzuki. (2003) Factorial invariance of the physical performance measures in longitudinal study of aging: A simultaneous analysis approach. Geriatrics and Gerontology International 3:s1, S40-S49
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Yoshinori Fujiwara, Shoji Shinkai, Shu Kumagai, Hidenori Amano, Yuko Yoshida, Hideyo Yoshida, Hunkyung Kim, Takao Suzuki, Shuichiro Watanabe, Tatsuro Ishizaki, Hiroshi Shibata. (2003) Impact of history or onset of chronic medical conditions on higher-level functional capacity among older community-dwelling Japanese adults. Geriatrics and Gerontology International 3:s1, S69-S77
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Valerie A. Lawrence, Jeffrey H. Silverstein, John E. Cornell, Thomas Pederson, Helaine Noveck, Jeffrey L. Carson. (2003) Higher Hb level is associated with better early functional recovery after hip fracture repair. Transfusion 43:12, 1717-1722
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Harold M. Frost. (2003) Bone's mechanostat: A 2003 update. The Anatomical Record 275A:2, 1081-1101
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Shoji Shinkai, Shu Kumagai, Yoshinori Fujiwara, Hidenori Amano, Yuko Yoshida, Shuichiro Watanabe, Tatsuro Ishizaki, Takao Suzuki, Hiroshi Shibata. (2003) Predictors for the onset of functional decline among initially non-disabled older people living in a community during a 6-year follow-up. Geriatrics and Gerontology International 3:s1, S31-S39
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Yoshinori Fujiwara, Shoji Shinkai, Shu Kumagai, Hidenori Amano, Yuko Yoshida, Hideyo Yoshida, Hunkyung Kim, Takao Suzuki, Tatsuro Ishizaki, Shuichiro Watanabe, Hiroshi Haga, Hiroshi Shibata. (2003) Changes in TMIG-Index of Competence by subscale in Japanese urban and rural community older populations: Six years prospective study. Geriatrics and Gerontology International 3:s1, S63-S68
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Vicki S. Conn, Marian A. Minor, Kathryn J. Burks. (2003) Sedentary Older Women's Limited Experience With Exercise. Journal of Community Health Nursing 20:4, 197-208
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Takao Suzuki, Hideyo Yoshida, Hunkyung Kim, Harumi Yukawa, Miho Sugiura, Taketo Furuna, Satoshi Nishizawa, Shu Kumagai, Shoji Shinkai, Tatsuro Ishizaki, Shuichiro Watanabe, Hiroshi Shibata. (2003) Walking speed as a good predictor for maintenance of I-ADL among the rural community elderly in Japan: A 5-year follow-up study from TMIG-LISA. Geriatrics and Gerontology International 3:s1, S6-S14
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J. L. Purser, C. F. Pieper, C. Poole, M. Morey. (2003) Trajectories of Leg Strength and Gait Speed Among Sedentary Older Adults: Longitudinal Pattern of Dose Response. The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences 58:12, M1125-M1134
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Shelly L. Gray, Brenda W. J. H. Penninx, David K. Blough, Margaret B. Artz, Jack M. Guralnik, Robert B. Wallace, Dave M. Buchner, Andrea Z. LaCroix. (2003) Benzodiazepine Use and Physical Performance in Community-Dwelling Older Women. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 51:11, 1563-1570
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Anne B. Newman, Varant Kupelian, Marjolein Visser, Eleanor Simonsick, Bret Goodpaster, Michael Nevitt, Stephen B. Kritchevsky, Frances A. Tylavsky, Susan M. Rubin, Tamara B. Harris, . (2003) Sarcopenia: Alternative Definitions and Associations with Lower Extremity Function. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 51:11, 1602-1609
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Klaus Hauer, Mathias Pfisterer, Mattias Schuler, Peter Bärtsch, Peter Oster. (2003) Two years later: a prospective long-term follow-up of a training intervention in geriatric patients with a history of severe falls. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 84:10, 1426-1432
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Cristina Geroldi, Luigi Ferrucci, Stefania Bandinelli, Chiara Cavazzini, Orazio Zanetti, Jack M. Guralnik, Giovanni B. Frisoni. (2003) Mild Cognitive Deterioration with Subcortical Features: Prevalence, Clinical Characteristics, and Association with Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Community-Dwelling Older Persons (The InCHIANTI Study). Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 51:8, 1064-1071
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David B. Reuben, Leslie Judd-Hamilton, Tamara B. Harris, Teresa E. Seeman. (2003) The Associations Between Physical Activity and Inflammatory Markers in High-Functioning Older Persons: MacArthur Studies of Successful Aging. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 51:8, 1125-1130
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J. F. Bean, S. G. Leveille, D. K. Kiely, S. Bandinelli, J. M. Guralnik, L. Ferrucci. (2003) A Comparison of Leg Power and Leg Strength Within the InCHIANTI Study: Which Influences Mobility More?. The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences 58:8, M728-M733
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David G. Bruce, Genevieve P. Casey, Valerie Grange, Roger C. Clarnette, Osvaldo P. Almeida, Jonathan K. Foster, Franklyn J. Ives, Timothy M.E. Davis. (2003) Cognitive impairment, physical disability and depressive symptoms in older diabetic patients: the Fremantle Cognition in Diabetes Study. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice 61:1, 59-67
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B. R. Levy. (2003) Mind Matters: Cognitive and Physical Effects of Aging Self-Stereotypes. The Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences 58:4, P203-P211
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Mary McGrae Mc Dermott, Philip Greenland, Jack M. Guralnik, Kiang Liu, Michael H. Criqui, William H. Pearce, Cheeling Chan, Joseph Schneider, Leena Sharma, Lloyd M. Taylor, Adnan Arseven, Maureen Quann, Lillian Celic. (2003) Depressive Symptoms and Lower Extremity Functioning in Men and Women with Peripheral Arterial Disease. Journal of General Internal Medicine 18:6, 461-467
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M. Bonnefoy, C. Cornu, S. Normand, F. Boutitie, F. Bugnard, A. Rahmani, J. R. Lacour, M. Laville. (2003) The effects of exercise and protein–energy supplements on body composition and muscle function in frail elderly individuals: a long-term controlled randomised study. British Journal of Nutrition 89:05, 731
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Elizabeth C. Lindenberger, C. Seth Landefeld, Laura P. Sands, Steven R. Counsell, Richard H. Fortinsky, Robert M. Palmer, Denise M. Kresevic, Kenneth E. Covinsky. (2003) Unsteadiness Reported by Older Hospitalized Patients Predicts Functional Decline. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 51:5, 621-626
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S. M. Albert, A. I. Love, V. Raveis. (2003) ALBERT ET AL. RESPOND. American Journal of Public Health 93:5, 701-702
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Nancy K Latham, Craig S Anderson, Derrick A Bennett, Caroline Stretton, Nancy K Latham. 2003. Progressive resistance strength training for physical disability in older people. .
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Anthony P. Marsh, W. Jack Rejeski, Wei Lang, Michael E. Miller, Stephen P. Messier. (2003) Baseline Balance and Functional Decline in Older Adults with Knee Pain: The Observational Arthritis Study in Seniors. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 51:3, 331-339
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Clemens Becker, Martina Kron, Ulrich Lindemann, Elisabeth Sturm, Barbara Eichner, Barbara Walter-Jung, Thorsten Nikolaus. (2003) Effectiveness of a Multifaceted Intervention on Falls in Nursing Home Residents. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 51:3, 306-313
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Elizabeth E. Baum, David Jarjoura, Ann E. Polen, David Faur, Gregory Rutecki. (2003) Effectiveness of a Group Exercise Program in a Long-Term Care Facility: A Randomized Pilot Trial. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association 4:2, 74-80
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Stephanie Studenski, Subashan Perera, Dennis Wallace, Julie M. Chandler, Pamela W. Duncan, Earl Rooney, Michael Fox, Jack M. Guralnik. (2003) Physical Performance Measures in the Clinical Setting. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 51:3, 314-322
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Nancy K. Latham, Craig S. Anderson, Arier Lee, Derrick A. Bennett, Anne Moseley, Ian D. Cameron, For The Fitness Collaborative Group. (2003) A Randomized, Controlled Trial of Quadriceps Resistance Exercise and Vitamin D in Frail Older People: The Frailty Interventions Trial in Elderly Subjects (FITNESS). Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 51:3, 291-299
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L. Puggaard. (2003) Effects of training on functional performance in 65, 75 and 85 year-old women: Experiences deriving from community based studies in Odense, Denmark. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports 13:1, 70-76
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T. Rantanen. (2003) Muscle strength, disability and mortality. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports 13:1, 3-8
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Mary McGrae McDermott, Philip Greenland, Kiang Liu, Michael H. Criqui, Jack M. Guralnik, Lillian Celic, Cheeling Chan. (2003) Sex Differences in Peripheral Arterial Disease: Leg Symptoms and Physical Functioning. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 51:2, 222-228
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Lisa I Iezzoni, Ellen P McCarthy, Roger B Davis, Hilary Siebens. 2003. ACCESS TO HEALTH CARE AND INSURANCE FOR WORKING-AGE ADULTS REPORTING MOBILITY DIFFICULTIES. , 131-155.
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A. Brose, G. Parise, M. A. Tarnopolsky. (2003) Creatine Supplementation Enhances Isometric Strength and Body Composition Improvements Following Strength Exercise Training in Older Adults. The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences 58:1, B11-B19
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Michael E. Rogers, Helen S. Sherwood, Nicole L. Rogers, Ruth M. Bohlken. (2002) Effects of Dumbbell and Elastic Band Training on Physical Function in Older Inner-City African-American Women. Women & Health 36:4, 33-41
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Ellen F. Binder, Kenneth B. Schechtman, Ali A. Ehsani, Karen Steger-May, Marybeth Brown, David R. Sinacore, Kevin E. Yarasheski, John O. Holloszy. (2002) Effects of Exercise Training on Frailty in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: Results of a Randomized, Controlled Trial. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 50:12, 1921-1928
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Carolyn L. Turvey, Kara Schultz, Stephan Arndt, Robert B. Wallace, Regula Herzog. (2002) Prevalence and Correlates of Depressive Symptoms in a Community Sample of People Suffering from Heart Failure. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 50:12, 2003-2008
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Marjolein Visser, Saskia M. F. Pluijm, Vianda S. Stel, Ruud J. Bosscher, Dorly J. H. Deeg. (2002) Physical Activity as a Determinant of Change in Mobility Performance: The Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 50:11, 1774-1781
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J. F. Bean, D. K. Kiely, S. G. Leveille, S. Herman, C. Huynh, R. Fielding, W. Frontera. (2002) The 6-Minute Walk Test in Mobility-Limited Elders: What Is Being Measured?. The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences 57:11, M751-M756
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C. F. Mendes de Leon, J. M. Guralnik, K. Bandeen-Roche. (2002) Short-Term Change in Physical Function and Disability: The Women's Health and Aging Study. The Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences 57:6, S355-S365
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Gill, Thomas M., Baker, Dorothy I., Gottschalk, Margaret, Peduzzi, Peter N., Allore, Heather, Byers, Amy, . (2002) A Program to Prevent Functional Decline in Physically Frail, Elderly Persons Who Live at Home. New England Journal of Medicine 347:14, 1068-1074
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Hedda Agüero-Torres, Vince S Thomas, Bengt Winblad, Laura Fratiglioni. (2002) The impact of somatic and cognitive disorders on the functional status of the elderly. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology 55:10, 1007-1012
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M Bonnefoy, M.C Patricot, J.R Lacour, A Rahmani, S Berthouze, T Kostka. (2002) Relations entre l’activité physique, la fonction musculaire et les concentrations en IGF-1, testostérone et DHEAS lors de l’avancée en âge. La Revue de Médecine Interne 23:10, 819-827
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Kirsten Avlund, Mogens Trab Damsgaard, Ritva Sakari-Rantala, Pia Laukkanen, Marianne Schroll. (2002) Tiredness in daily activities among nondisabled old people as determinant of onset of disability. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology 55:10, 965-973
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K. J. Ottenbacher, G. V. Ostir, M. K. Peek, J. S. Goodwin, K. S. Markides. (2002) Diabetes Mellitus as a Risk Factor for Hip Fracture in Mexican American Older Adults. The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences 57:10, M648-M653
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M. A. Raji, G. V. Ostir, K. S. Markides, J. S. Goodwin. (2002) The Interaction of Cognitive and Emotional Status on Subsequent Physical Functioning in Older Mexican Americans: Findings From the Hispanic Established Population for the Epidemiologic Study of the Elderly. The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences 57:10, M678-M682
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Glenn V Ostir, Stefano Volpato, Linda P Fried, Paulo Chaves, Jack M Guralnik. (2002) Reliability and sensitivity to change assessed for a summary measure of lower body function. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology 55:9, 916-921
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Katherine S. Garman, Harvey Jay Cohen. (2002) Functional status and the elderly cancer patient. Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology 43:3, 191-208
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D. R. Thomas. (2002) Guest Editorial: Focus on Functional Decline in Hospitalized Older Adults. The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences 57:9, M567-M568
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S. R. Lord, S. M. Murray, K. Chapman, B. Munro, A. Tiedemann. (2002) Sit-to-Stand Performance Depends on Sensation, Speed, Balance, and Psychological Status in Addition to Strength in Older People. The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences 57:8, M539-M543
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Jill A. Bennett, Anita L. Stewart, Jeanie Kayser-Jones, Dale Glaser. (2002) The Mediating Effect of Pain and Fatigue on Level of Functioning in Older Adults. Nursing Research 51:4, 254-265
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Soham Al Snih, Kyriakos S. Markides, Laura Ray, Glenn V. Ostir, James S. Goodwin. (2002) Handgrip Strength and Mortality in Older Mexican Americans. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 50:7, 1250-1256
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Paulo H. M. Chaves, Bimal Ashar, Jack M. Guralnik, Linda P. Fried. (2002) Looking at the Relationship Between Hemoglobin Concentration and Prevalent Mobility Difficulty in Older Women. Should the Criteria Currently Used to Define Anemia in Older People be Reevaluated?. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 50:7, 1257-1264
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Carolyn L. Turvey, Yeates Conwell, Michael P. Jones, Caroline Phillips, Eleanor Simonsick, Jane L. Pearson, Robert Wallace. (2002) Risk Factors for Late-Life Suicide. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 10:4, 398-406
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Mary McGrae McDermott. (2002) Peripheral Arterial Disease: Epidemiology and Drug Therapy. The American Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 11:4, 258-266
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Elizabeth R. Casiano, Douglas Paddon-Jones, Glenn V. Ostir, Melinda Sheffield-Moore. (2002) Assessing Functional Status Measures In Older Adults: A Guide For Healthcare Professionals. Physical Therapy Reviews 7:2, 89-101
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Leena Timonen, Taina Rantanen, Olli-Pekka Ryynanen, Simo Taimela, Tero E. Timonen, Raimo Sulkava. (2002) A randomized controlled trial of rehabilitation after hospitalization in frail older women: effects on strength, balance and mobility. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports 12:3, 186-192
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Ian Janssen, Steven B. Heymsfield, Robert Ross. (2002) Low Relative Skeletal Muscle Mass (Sarcopenia) in Older Persons Is Associated with Functional Impairment and Physical Disability. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 50:5, 889-896
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G. Onder, B. W.J.H. Penninx, P. Lapuerta, L. P. Fried, G. V. Ostir, J. M. Guralnik, M. Pahor. (2002) Change in Physical Performance Over Time in Older Women: The Women's Health and Aging Study. The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences 57:5, M289-M293
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W. M. Bortz. (2002) A Conceptual Framework of Frailty: A Review. The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences 57:5, M283-M288
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T.-Y. Lan, D. Melzer, B. D.M. Tom, J. M. Guralnik. (2002) Performance Tests and Disability: Developing an Objective Index of Mobility-Related Limitation in Older Populations. The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences 57:5, M294-M301
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Marlene Fransen, Mark Woodward, Robyn Norton, Elizabeth Robinson, Meg Butler, A. John Campbell. (2002) Excess Mortality or Institutionalization After Hip Fracture: Men Are at Greater Risk Than Women. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 50:4, 685-690
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David B. Reuben, Anna I. Cheh, Tamara B. Harris, Luigi Ferrucci, John W. Rowe, Russell P. Tracy, Teresa E. Seeman. (2002) Peripheral Blood Markers of Inflammation Predict Mortality and Functional Decline in High-Functioning Community-Dwelling Older Persons. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 50:4, 638-644
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Roger A. Fielding, Nathan K. LeBrasseur, Anthony Cuoco, Jonathan Bean, Kelly Mizer, Maria A. Fiatarone Singh. (2002) High-Velocity Resistance Training Increases Skeletal Muscle Peak Power in Older Women. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 50:4, 655-662
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Patricia A. Hageman, Vince Salazar Thomas. (2002) Gait performance in dementia: the effects of a 6-week resistance training program in an adult day-care setting. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 17:4, 329-334
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Truls ÃStbye, Donald Hugh Taylor, Katrina M. Krause, Lynn Van Scoyoc. (2002) The Role of Smoking and Other Modifiable Lifestyle Risk Factors in Maintaining and Restoring Lower Body Mobility in Middle-Aged and Older Americans: Results from the HRS and AHEAD. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 50:4, 691-699
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Jonathan F. Bean Md, Dan K. Kiely, Seth Herman, Suzanne G. Leveille, Kelly Mizer, Walter R. Frontera, Roger A. Fielding. (2002) The Relationship Between Leg Power and Physical Performance in Mobility-Limited Older People. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 50:3, 461-467
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Susan L. Murphy, Christianna S. Williams, Thomas M. Gill. (2002) Characteristics Associated with Fear of Falling and Activity Restriction in Community-Living Older Persons. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 50:3, 516-520
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Mary McGrae McDermott, Luigi Ferrucci, Eleanor M. Simonsick, Jennifer Balfour, Linda Fried, Shari Ling, Daniel Gibson, Jack M. Guralnik. (2002) The Ankle Brachial Index and Change in Lower Extremity Functioning over Time: The Women's Health and Aging Study. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 50:2, 238-246
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Sidney T. Bogardus, Emily Richardson, Paul K. Maciejewski, Evelyne Gahbauer, Sharon K. Inouye. (2002) Evaluation of a Guided Protocol for Quality Improvement in Identifying Common Geriatric Problems. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 50:2, 328-335
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Mary McGrae McDermott, Philip Greenland, Luigi Ferrucci, Michael H. Criqui, Kiang Liu, Leena Sharma, Cheeling Chan, Lillian Celic, Aparna Priyanath, Jack M. Guralnik. (2002) Lower Extremity Performance Is Associated with Daily Life Physical Activity in Individuals with and without Peripheral Arterial Disease. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 50:2, 247-255
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Sean Gallagher, Yves Lajoie, Michel Guay. (2002) Walking with Visual Restrictions in Healthy Elderly and Young Adults. Canadian Journal on Aging / La Revue canadienne du vieillissement 21:02, 295-301
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Helaine E. Resnick, Kevin B. Stansberry, Tamar B. Harris, Mahdvi Tirivedi, Kimberly Smith, Polly Morgan, Aaaron I. Vinik. (2002) Diabetes, peripheral neuropathy, and old age disability. Muscle & Nerve 25:1, 43-50
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David G. Bruce, Amanda Devine, Richard L. Prince. (2002) Recreational Physical Activity Levels in Healthy Older Women: The Importance of Fear of Falling. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 50:1, 84-89
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Jennifer S. Brach, Robert Berthold, Rebecca Craik, Jessie M. VanSwearingen, Anne B. Newman. (2001) Gait Variability in Community-Dwelling Older Adults. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 49:12, 1646-1650
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Basil Clyman. (2001) Exercise in the treatment of osteoarthritis. Current Rheumatology Reports 3:6, 520-523
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J. S. Brach, A. M. Kriska, A. B. Newman, J. M. VanSwearingen. (2001) A New Approach of Measuring Muscle Impairment During a Functional Task: Quadriceps Muscle Activity Recorded During Chair Stand. The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences 56:12, M767-M770
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Shafiq R. Khokhar, Yaakov Stern, Karen Bell, Karen Anderson, Enrique Noe, Richard Mayeux, Steven M. Albert. (2001) Persistent Mobility Deficit in the Absence of Deficits in Activities of Daily Living: A Risk Factor for Mortality. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 49:11, 1539-1543
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Neil B. Alexander, Andrzej T. Galecki, Martina L. Grenier, Linda V. Nyquist, Mark R. Hofmeyer, Julie C. Grunawalt, Judi L. Medell, Donna Fry-Welch. (2001) Task-Specific Resistance Training to Improve the Ability of Activities of Daily LivingâImpaired Older Adults to Rise from a Bed and from a Chair. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 49:11, 1418-1427
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Jack M. Guralnik, Luigi Ferrucci, Jennifer L. Balfour, Stefano Volpato, Angelo Di Iorio. (2001) Progressive versus Catastrophic Loss of the Ability to Walk: Implications for the Prevention of Mobility Loss. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 49:11, 1463-1470
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M. Jylha, J. M. Guralnik, J. Balfour, L. P. Fried. (2001) Walking Difficulty, Walking Speed, and Age as Predictors of Self-Rated Health: The Women's Health and Aging Study. The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences 56:10, M609-M617
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E. M. Simonsick, A. B. Newman, M. C. Nevitt, S. B. Kritchevsky, L. Ferrucci, J. M. Guralnik, T. Harris, . (2001) Measuring Higher Level Physical Function in Well-Functioning Older Adults: Expanding Familiar Approaches in the Health ABC Study. The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences 56:10, M644-M649
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Linda P. Fried, Yuchi Young, Gary Rubin, Karen Bandeen-Roche. (2001) Self-reported preclinical disability identifies older women with early declines in performance and early disease. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology 54:9, 889-901
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I. S. Kwon, S. Oldaker, M. Schrager, L. A. Talbot, J. L. Fozard, E. J. Metter. (2001) Relationship Between Muscle Strength and the Time Taken to Complete a Standardized Walk-Turn-Walk Test. The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences 56:9, B398-B404
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Thomas M. Gill, Joanne M. McGloin, Evelyne A. Gahbauer, Denise M. Shepard, Luann M. Bianco. (2001) Two Recruitment Strategies for a Clinical Trial of Physically Frail Community-Living Older Persons. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 49:8, 1039-1045
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Hedda Agüero-Torres, Pernilla K. Hillerås, Bengt Winblad. (2001) Disability in activities of daily living among the elderly. Current Opinion in Psychiatry 14:4, 355-359
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F. Nourhashemi, S. Andrieu, S. Gillette-Guyonnet, B. Vellas, J. L. Albarede, H. Grandjean. (2001) Instrumental Activities of Daily Living as a Potential Marker of Frailty: A Study of 7364 Community-Dwelling Elderly Women (the EPIDOS Study). The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences 56:7, M448-M453
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ROY J. SHEPHARD. (2001) Absolute versus relative intensity of physical activity in a dose-response context. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 33:Supplement, S400-S418
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Mary McGrae McDermott, Diana R. Kerwin, Kiang Liu, Gary J. Martin, Erin O'Brien, Heather Kaplan, Philip Greenland. (2001) Prevalence and Significance of Unrecognized Lower Extremity Peripheral Arterial Disease in General Medicine Practice*. Journal of General Internal Medicine 16:6, 384-390
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Harold M. Frost. (2001) From Wolff's law to the Utah paradigm: Insights about bone physiology and its clinical applications. The Anatomical Record 262:4, 398-419
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K. S. Markides, S. A. Black, G. V. Ostir, R. J. Angel, J. M. Guralnik, M. Lichtenstein. (2001) Lower Body Function and Mortality in Mexican American Elderly People. The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences 56:4, M243-M247
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Kathleen Williams, Diane L. Gill, Brian Butki, Byoung J. Kim. (2001) A Home-Based Intervention to Improve Balance, Gait and Self-Confidence in Older Women. Activities, Adaptation & Aging 24:3, 57-70
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Margaret G. Stineman. (2001) Defining the Population, Treatments, and Outcomes of Interest. American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation 80:2, 147-159
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Taina Rantanen, Jack M. Guralnik, Luigi Ferrucci, Brenda W. J. H. Penninx, Suzanne Leveille, Sarianna Sipilä, Linda P. Fried. (2001) Coimpairments as Predictors of Severe Walking Disability in Older Women. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 49:1, 21-27
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Klaus Hauer, Brenda Rost, Kirstin Rütschle, Hedda Opitz, Norbert Specht, Peter Bärtsch, Peter Oster, Günter Schlierf. (2001) Exercise Training for Rehabilitation and Secondary Prevention of Falls in Geriatric Patients with a History of Injurious Falls. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 49:1, 10-20
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Soham Al Snih, Kyriakos S. Markides, Laura Ray, Jean L. Freeman, James S. Goodwin. (2000) Prevalence of arthritis in older Mexican Americans. Arthritis & Rheumatism 13:6, 409-416
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Brenda W.J.H. Penninx, Dorly J.H. Deeg, Jacques Th.M. van Eijk, Aartjan T.F. Beekman, Jack M. Guralnik. (2000) Changes in depression and physical decline in older adults: a longitudinal perspective. Journal of Affective Disorders 61:1-2, 1-12
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Mary McGrae McDermott, Michael H. Criqui, Kiang Liu, Jack M. Guralnik, Philip Greenland, Gary J. Martin, William Pearce. (2000) Lower ankle/brachial index, as calculated by averaging the dorsalis pedis and posterior tibial arterial pressures, and association with leg functioning in peripheral arterial disease. Journal of Vascular Surgery 32:6, 1164-1171
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Aron S. Buchman, Sue Leurgans, Gerald L. Gottlieb, Chi-Hung Chen, Gil L. Almeida, Daniel M. Corcos. (2000) Effect of Age and Gender in the Control of Elbow Flexion Movements. Journal of Motor Behavior 32:4, 391-399
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T. Kostka, A. Rahmani, S. E. Berthouze, J.-R. Lacour, M. Bonnefoy. (2000) Quadriceps Muscle Function in Relation to Habitual Physical Activity and VO2max in Men and Women Aged More Than 65 Years. The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences 55:10, B481-B488
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GEORGE J. SALEM, MAN-YING WANG, JEAN T. YOUNG, MICHAEL MARION, GAIL A. GREENDALE. (2000) Knee strength and lower- and higher-intensity functional performance in older adults. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 32:10, 1679-1684
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K. Christensen, M. McGue, A. Yashin, I. Iachine, N. V. Holm, J. W. Vaupel. (2000) Genetic and Environmental Influences on Functional Abilities in Danish Twins Aged 75 Years and Older. The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences 55:8, M446-M452
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Donna J Brogan, Michael Haber, Nancy G Kutner. (2000) Functional decline among older adults. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology 53:8, 847-851
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M. Schenkman, M. Morey, M. Kuchibhatla. (2000) Spinal Flexibility and Balance Control Among Community-Dwelling Adults With and Without Parkinson's Disease. The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences 55:8, M441-M445
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Angela Weiss, Toshimi Suzuki, Jonathan Bean, Roger A. Fielding. (2000) High Intensity Strength Training Improves Strength and Functional Performance After Stroke. American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation 79:4, 369-376
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J. M. Guralnik, L. Ferrucci, C. F. Pieper, S. G. Leveille, K. S. Markides, G. V. Ostir, S. Studenski, L. F. Berkman, R. B. Wallace. (2000) Lower Extremity Function and Subsequent Disability: Consistency Across Studies, Predictive Models, and Value of Gait Speed Alone Compared With the Short Physical Performance Battery. The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences 55:4, M221-M231
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Joe Feinglass, Mark Morasch, Walter J. McCarthy. (2000) Measures of Success and Health-Related Quality of Life in Lower-Extremity Vascular Surgery. Annual Review of Medicine 51:1, 101-113
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Joe Feinglass, Walter J. McCarthy, Rael Slavensky, Larry M. Manheim, Gary J. Martin. (2000) Functional status and walking ability after lower extremity bypass grafting or angioplasty for intermittent claudication: Results from a prospective outcomes study. Journal of Vascular Surgery 31:1, 93-103
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Kevin M. Means, Patricia S. O'Sullivan, Daniel E. Rodell. (2000) Balance, Mobility, and Falls Among Elderly African American Women. American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation 79:1, 30-39
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M. G. Murphy, M. A. Bach, D. Plotkin, J. Bolognese, J. Ng, D. Krupa, K. Cerchio, B. J. Gertz. (1999) Oral Administration of the Growth Hormone Secretagogue MK-677 Increases Markers of Bone Turnover in Healthy and Functionally Impaired Elderly Adults. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research 14:7, 1182-1188
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T M Gill, C S Williams, J T Robison, M E Tinetti. (1999) A population-based study of environmental hazards in the homes of older persons.. American Journal of Public Health 89:4, 553-556
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AS Dontas, J Moschandreas, A Kafatos. (1999) Physical activity and nutrition in older adults. Public Health Nutrition 2:3a,
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Taina Rantanen, Jack M. Guralnik, Ritva Sakari-Rantala, Suzanne Leveille, Eleanor M. Simonsick, Shari Ling, Linda P. Fried. (1999) Disability, physical activity, and muscle strength in older women: The women's health and aging study. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 80:2, 130-135
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Andreas E Stuck, Jutta M Walthert, Thorsten Nikolaus, Christophe J Büla, Christoph Hohmann, John C Beck. (1999) Risk factors for functional status decline in community-living elderly people: a systematic literature review. Social Science & Medicine 48:4, 445-469
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Leena Sharma, Karen W. Hayes, David T. Felson, Thomas S. Buchanan, Gretchen Kirwan-Mellis, Congrong Lou, Yi-Chung Pai, Dorothy D. Dunlop. (1999) Does laxity alter the relationship between strength and physical function in knee osteoarthritis?. Arthritis & Rheumatism 42:1, 25-32
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Mary McGrae McDermott, Kiang Liu, Jack M. Guralnik, Gary J. Martin, Michael H. Criqui, Philip Greenland. (1998) Measurement of walking endurance and walking velocity with questionnaire: Validation of the walking impairment questionnaire in men and women with peripheral arterial disease. Journal of Vascular Surgery 28:6, 1072-1081
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Samuel S.C Yen, Gail A Laughlin. (1998) Aging and the adrenal cortex. Experimental Gerontology 33:7-8, 897-910
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A. J. Morales, R. H Haubrich, J. Y. Hwang, H Asakura, S. S. C Yen. (1998) The effect of six months treatment with a 100 mg daily dose of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) on circulating sex steroids, body composition and muscle strength in age-advanced men and women. Clinical Endocrinology 49:4, 421-432
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Gertrudis I. J. M. Kempen, Johan Ormel. (1998) The impact of physical performance and cognitive status on subsequent ADL disability in low-functioning older adults. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 13:7, 480-483
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Jaana H. Suni, Pekka Oja, Seppo I. Miilunpalo, Matti E. Pasanen, Ilkka M. Vuori, Klaus Bös. (1998) Health-related fitness test battery for adults: associations with perceived health, mobility, and back function and symptoms. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 79:5, 559-569
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MIRIAM C. MOREY, CARL F. PIEPER, JOAN CORNONI-HUNTLEY. (1998) Physical fitness and functional limitations In community-dwelling older adults. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 30:5, 715-723
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Kirsten Avlund, Kirsten Schultz-Larsen, Michael Davidsen. (1998) Tiredness in Daily Activities at Age 70 as a Predictor of Mortality During the Next 10 Years. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology 51:4, 323-333
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Taketo Furuna, Hiroshi Nagasaki, Satoshi Nishizawa, Miho Sugiura, Hideyuki Okuzumi, Hajime Ito, Takashi Kinugasa, Ken Hashizume, Hitoshi Maruyama. (1998) Longitudinal Change in the Physical Performance of Older Adults in the Community.. Journal of the Japanese Physical Therapy Association 1:1, 1-5
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Luigi Ferrucci, Jack M. Guralnik, Marcel E. Salive, Linda P. Fried, Karen Bandeen-Roche, Dwight B. Brock, Eleanor M. Simonsick, M.C. Corti, Scott L. Zeger. (1996) Effect of age and severity of disability on short-term variation in walking speed: the Women's Health and Aging Study. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology 49:10, 1089-1096
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Nancy G. Kutner. (1996) Rehabilitation of the elderly patient on dialysis. Geriatric Nephrology and Urology 6:2, 81-88
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