Original Article
Decline in Semen Quality among Fertile Men in Paris during the Past 20 Years
N Engl J Med 1995; 332:281-285February 2, 1995
- Abstract
Background
Several studies have suggested a population-wide decline in the quality of semen over the past 50 years, but clear evidence of decreasing semen quality in recent decades is lacking.
Methods
From 1973 through 1992 we measured the volume of seminal fluid, the sperm concentration, and the percentages of motile and morphologically normal spermatozoa in 1351 healthy fertile men. The data on the semen samples were collected at one sperm bank in Paris. The data in each calendar year were analyzed as a function of the year of donation, the age of each patient, the year of birth, and the duration of sexual abstinence before semen collection.
Results
There was no change in semen volume during the study period. The mean concentration of sperm decreased by 2.1 percent per year, from 89 ×106 per milliliter in 1973 to 60×106 per milliliter in 1992 (P<0.001). During the same period the percentages of motile and normal spermatozoa decreased by 0.6 percent and 0.5 percent per year, respectively (both P<0.001). After adjustment in multiple regression analyses for age and the duration of sexual abstinence, each successive calendar year of birth accounted for 2.6 percent of the yearly decline in the sperm concentration and for 0.3 percent and 0.7 percent, respectively, of the yearly declines in the percentages of motile and normal spermatozoa (all P<0.001).
Conclusions
During the past 20 years, there has been a decline in the concentration and motility of sperm and in the percentage of morphologically normal spermatozoa in fertile men that is independent of the age of the men.
Media in This Article
Figure 1
Change in the Mean Age of the Men Donating Semen in a Given Calendar Year, 1973 –1992.Figure 2
Changes in the Sperm Concentration (Panel A), the Percentage of Motile Sperm (Panel B), and the Percentage of Morphologically Normal Sperm (Panel C) in 1351 Fertile Men, 1973 –1992.Article Activity
- Article
During the past three decades, several reports have suggested that the quality of semen in normal men is declining.1-4 Recently, in a meta-analysis of 61 studies worldwide, Carlsen et al. found a trend toward decreasing sperm count and volume of seminal fluid over the past 50 years.5 The studies included in the meta-analysis were conducted in different countries at different times, and bias in the recruitment of men or in methods of semen analysis may have affected the findings.6 It is important, therefore, to assess this finding and to determine whether there has been a parallel decline in male fertility.
The Centre d'Etude et de Conservation des Oeufs et du Sperme Humains is a sperm bank created in 1973 in a university hospital. All the donors are fathers, and the mode of recruitment of men and the method of semen analysis have remained the same during the past 20 years. In an analysis of data from this bank, we found that there have been significant declines in sperm concentration, the percentage of motile sperm, and the percentage of normal sperm over the past 20 years.
Methods
Study Subjects
We analyzed the first ejaculate donated at the center between 1973 and 1992 by each of 1750 men to help infertile couples become parents. The donors were all healthy, unpaid volunteers who had previously fathered at least one child. Ninety-six percent were white, and 85 percent lived in the Paris area. One percent were farmers; 16 percent were manual workers; 40 percent were technicians, teachers, or tradesmen; 38 percent were executives; and the remaining 5 percent had other occupations. We divided the donors into three groups. One group was composed of 314 men requesting cryopreservation of their semen before vasectomy who agreed to provide additional specimens for use in artificial insemination. The second group was composed of 85 men who were brothers of infertile men who requested artificial insemination of their partners with donor semen. The third group was composed of 1351 men who were referred by unrelated infertile couples or by physicians or who appeared spontaneously.
The mean concentration of sperm, the percentage of motile spermatozoa, and the percentage of normal spermatozoa in the second group of fertile men (those whose brothers were infertile and requested artificial insemination of their partners) were significantly lower than those of the 1351 donors in the third group (Table 1Table 1
Characteristics of Semen Samples from 1750 Fertile Donors.). The values for mean concentration and motility were higher in the first group (the men studied before vasectomy) than in the third group (Table 1), since candidates for vasectomy were recruited for semen donation only if the motility of their sperm was relatively unaffected by freezing and thawing. As a result, the first two groups were excluded from the study. In the remaining group of 1351 men, the mean (±SD) age at the time of donation was 34±6 years (range, 19 to 59). Among these men, the mean age of those donating semen in a calendar year increased throughout the study from 32 years in 1973 to 36 years in 1992 (P<0.001) (Figure 1Figure 1Change in the Mean Age of the Men Donating Semen in a Given Calendar Year, 1973 –1992.).Analysis of Semen Samples
All the semen samples were collected by masturbation at the laboratory after a recommended period of sexual abstinence of three to five days. Each sample was incubated at 37°C and analyzed within one hour. The volume of seminal fluid was determined by weighing, assuming that 1 g of semen is equivalent to a volume of 1 ml. The concentration of sperm per milliliter of sample was determined with a hemocytometer; the sperm were counted in the two chambers at a final magnification of 400, and the mean value was calculated.7 The total sperm count was then calculated. To determine the percentage of motile sperm, a 20-μl drop of gently mixed semen was placed on a glass slide under a coverslip. The slide was placed on the heating stage of a microscope (37°C) and observed at magnifications of 100 and 400 with phase optics. The slide was scanned, and at least 100 spermatozoa in all were counted and classified in four to six fields chosen at random. The percentage of motile spermatozoa was calculated from the ratio of the number of rapidly and slowly moving sperm (grades a and b, according to the classification system of the World Health Organization7) to the total number of sperm counted. The percentage of morphologically normal spermatozoa was evaluated at a final magnification of 1000, after Shorr staining as described by David et al.8
During the 20 years of the study, 11 technicians worked in the laboratory, 4 for 1 to 4 years, 3 for 5 years, and 4 for 9 to 14 years. We determined coefficients of variation with respect to measurements of semen characteristics for the three technicians working in the laboratory at the conclusion of the study, who had been there for 14, 5, and 2 years. For each technician, coefficients of variation for sperm concentration and morphologic features were determined from triplicate analyses of three different semen samples. Coefficients of variation between technicians were determined from the first analysis of each of the three samples. For each technician, the coefficient of variation for sperm motility was determined from triplicate measurements of 4 semen samples; the coefficient of variation between technicians was determined from 15 samples.
The coefficients of variation for the three technicians with respect to the measurement of sperm concentrations were 1.3, 3.1, and 4.2 percent; the coefficient of variation between technicians was 4.6 percent. In the assessment of the morphologic features of sperm, the coefficients of variation for the three technicians were 2.0, 3.7, and 7.1 percent; the coefficient of variation between technicians was 9.9 percent. In the assessment of motility, the coefficients of variation for the three technicians were 0, 7.7, and 8.3 percent; the coefficient of variation between technicians was 7.3 percent.
Statistical Analysis
BMDP statistical software was used in all the statistical analyses.9 Sperm concentrations and total sperm counts do not have normal distributions in large groups of fertile men,2,10 and this was the case among the 1351 men studied (as determined by Wilk's test). Age at donation and the donor's year of birth had normal distributions, but the duration of sexual abstinence was skewed. The best transformation of the data that yielded normal distributions for each of the three variables without normal distributions was the logarithmic (base 10) transformation. The relations between each characteristic of the semen samples and the year of semen donation were studied by linear regression analysis. The variable for the year of semen donation was composite because it combined each man's age at the time of donation with his year of birth. The relation of each semen characteristic to these independent variables (age at donation and year of birth) was tested with multiple regression analysis. The duration of sexual abstinence before the collection of semen was also included, since it affects the semen characteristics,11 had a wide range in this study, and increased significantly (P = 0.02) with the advancing age of the men.
Results
The mean volume of seminal fluid was 3.8 ml, and this value did not change during the study period. In contrast, the mean sperm concentration decreased by 2.1 percent per year (Figure 2AFigure 2
Changes in the Sperm Concentration (Panel A), the Percentage of Motile Sperm (Panel B), and the Percentage of Morphologically Normal Sperm (Panel C) in 1351 Fertile Men, 1973 –1992.), from 89×106 per milliliter in 1973 to 60×106 per milliliter in 1992. During the same period, the percentages of motile and normal spermatozoa decreased by 0.6 and 0.5 percent per year, respectively (P<0.001 for both) (Figure 2B and Figure 2C).A man's age and the duration of his sexual abstinence before the collection of semen influence the characteristics of the semen.11,12 We therefore assessed the contribution of these two factors to the declines measured. Age, duration of abstinence, and year of birth were included as independent variables in a multiple regression analysis of the data. Greater sexual abstinence was associated with an increase in the sperm concentration and a decrease in the percentage of motile spermatozoa (Table 2Table 2
Effects of Age, Year of Birth, and Duration of Sexual Abstinence before the Collection of Semen on Changes in Characteristics of Semen Samples from 1351 Fertile Men Studied by Multiple Regression Analysis.); it thus contributed to the observed decline in motility. Older age contributed significantly to the decreases in the sperm concentration, the percentage of motile sperm, and the percentage of normal spermatozoa. Multiple regression analyses after adjustment for age and the duration of sexual abstinence revealed that 2.6 percent of the yearly decline in the sperm concentration and 0.3 percent and 0.7 percent of the yearly decline in the percentages of motile and normal spermatozoa, respectively, were associated with each successive calendar year of birth (all P<0.001) (Table 2).A preliminary analysis (data not shown) indicated that to eliminate the confounding effects of the duration of sexual abstinence, a subgroup of men with a narrower age range (28 to 37 years) and comparatively similar durations of abstinence (three or four days) should be studied. In this restricted group of 382 men, age and the duration of sexual abstinence were not significantly correlated. Linear regression analysis of the data for this subgroup revealed that the mean sperm concentration decreased by 3.7 percent per year, from 101×106 per milliliter in 1973 to 50×106 per milliliter in 1992 (P<0.001), whereas the percentage of normal spermatozoa declined by 0.7 percent per year (P<0.001). After adjustment for age, the yearly decline in the sperm concentration with each successive year of birth was more pronounced in this subgroup than in the entire group (Table 3Table 3
Effect of Age and Year of Birth on Changes in Characteristics of Semen Samples from 382 Fertile Men 28 to 37 Years of Age Who Were Sexually Abstinent for Three to Four Days before the Collection of Semen.). For example, the predicted sperm concentration of men 30 years old who were born in 1945 was 102×106 per milliliter, as compared with 51×106 per milliliter for 30-year-olds born in 1962.Discussion
We found a decline in the concentration and motility of sperm and in the percentage of morphologically normal sperm in fertile men studied in Paris over a 20-year period, but unlike Carlsen et al.,5 we found no decline in the volume of semen. We doubt that the decline in the quality of semen between 1973 and 1992 could be attributed to changes in personnel, techniques, or equipment. During the 20 years of the study, there were few changes in staff. All the technicians had the same training, the method of study did not change and was regularly verified, and no new equipment was introduced. In our laboratory, the coefficients of variation for each technician and between technicians in the assessment of the percentage of motile sperm were less than 10 percent in the 1970s,13 and the results were similar for the staff members working at the end of the study. Although the coefficients of variation in the assessment of semen characteristics were less than 10 percent, the evaluations by technicians may have differed with regard to characteristics assessed subjectively, particularly those pertaining to morphologic features of sperm.14 However, there was no change in the procedure used to evaluate these features over the 20-year period.
Our study confirms that both the duration of sexual abstinence before the collection of semen and the age of the donor influence the characteristics of semen.11,12,15 Thus, these factors should be considered and recorded accurately in all studies of the characteristics of semen in fertile men. In most studies of these characteristics, the subjects are asked to remain abstinent for three to five days before donating the sample. We made the same request, but only 66 percent of the men adhered to it. After the duration of abstinence was taken into account, there were still significant declines in the concentration of sperm and in the percentages of motile and normal spermatozoa with each successive year of birth. Thus, we conclude that there has been a true decline in the quality of semen during the past 20 years, since the characteristics of semen from a fertile man of a given age in 1992 were significantly poorer than those of a fertile man of the same age in 1973. This decline is unexplained. If this trend concerns not only the population of fertile men we studied but also all the men in the population, the proportion of men with fertility problems will increase.
The decline in the sperm concentration may reflect impaired spermatogenesis and may be linked to a decrease in the number of Sertoli cells.16,17 The fact that not only the concentration of sperm but also the percentage of normal spermatozoa declined indicates a qualitative impairment of spermatogenesis and perhaps of the Sertoli cells. Such modifications have been reported in experiments involving heat-induced inhibition of spermatogenesis and Sertoli-cell function.18,19 The decline in the quality of semen coincides with an increasing incidence of abnormalities of the male genital tract, including testicular cancer and cryptorchidism, in various countries.20,21 In some regions of France, the incidence of testicular cancer increased from 1975 to 1992,22 but no data are available for the Paris area. Whether there has been an increase in cryptorchidism in France, as in the United Kingdom,23 is unknown, but the incidence of postpubertal cryptorchidism may have increased.24,25
The decline in semen quality and the increasing incidence of genital abnormalities in a geographic area may have a common origin.5 Estrogens or compounds with estrogen-like activity taken by pregnant women have been suggested to affect the testicular function of male offspring adversely.16,17 Diethylstilbestrol is thought to be responsible for an increase in abnormalities of the reproductive tract and for reductions in the output and fertilizing potential of sperm of male offspring.26,27 However, the number of donors at our center who may have been exposed in utero to diethylstilbestrol is probably very low. Other routes of estrogen exposure may be involved if the hypothesis of an estrogen effect is true.17
If the finding of a decline in semen quality with the advancing year of a donor's birth suggests prenatal alterations of testicular function, it may also be related to changes in diet or lifestyle after birth or puberty. However, the significant decline in the concentration of sperm and the quality of semen during the past 20 years in the Paris area may be related to an interaction of the age of the donors and the chronologic period that in turn could implicate factors affecting all the inhabitants of an area, such as the water supply28 or environmental pollution.29
Supported by a research grant (1752) from the Direction des Recherches, Etudes, et Technologies, Ministère de l'Education Nationale.
We are indebted to Dr. B. Jegou and Dr. A. Spira for valuable and critical discussion of the manuscript and to Ms. M. Adhemar, Ms. C. Lebon, Mr. J. Bersihand, and Mr. J. Terribile for their assistance in data collection.
Source Information
From the Centre d'Etude et de Conservation des Oeufs et du Sperme Humains, Centre Hospitalier, Université Paris Sud, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France.
Address reprint requests to Dr. Jouannet at the CECOS Paris–Cochin, Groupe Hospitalier Cochin, 123 Blvd. de Port-Royal, 75014 Paris, France.
- References
References
1
James WH . Secular trend in reported sperm counts. Andrologia 1980;12:381-388
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline2
Bostofte E ,Serup J ,Rebbe H . Has the fertility of Danish men declined through the years in terms of semen quality? A comparison of semen qualities between 1952 and 1972. Int J Fertil 1983;28:91-95
Medline3
Bendvold E . Semen quality in Norwegian men over a 20-year period. Int J Fertil 1989;34:401-404
Medline4
Irvine DS . Falling sperm quality. BMJ 1994;309:476-476
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline5
Carlsen E ,Giwercman A ,Keiding N ,Skakkebaek NE . Evidence for decreasing quality of semen during past 50 years. BMJ 1992;305:609-613
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline6
Farrow S . Falling sperm quality: fact or fiction? BMJ 1994;309:1-2
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline7
World Health Organization. WHO laboratory manual for the examination of human semen and sperm-cervical mucus interaction. 3rd ed. Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press, 1992.
8
David G ,Bisson JP ,Czyglik F ,Jouannet P ,Gernigon C . Anomalies morphologiques du spermatozoïde humain. I. Propositions pour un système de classification. J Gynecol Obstet Biol Reprod (Paris) 1975;4:Suppl 1:17-369
Dixon WJ. BMDP statistical software manual. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1988.
10
Bromwich P ,Cohen J ,Stewaret I ,Walker A . Decline in sperm counts: an artefact of changed reference range of “normal“? BMJ 1994;309:19-22
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline11
Jouannet P ,Czyglik F ,David G , et al. Study of a group of 484 fertile men. I. Distribution of semen characteristics. Int J Androl 1981;4:440-449
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline12
Schwartz D ,Mayaux MJ ,Spira A , et al. Semen characteristics as a function of age in 833 fertile men. Fertil Steril 1983;39:530-535
Web of Science | Medline13
Jouannet P ,Volochine B ,Deguent P ,Serres C ,David G . Light scattering determination of various characteristic parameters of spermatozoa motility in a serie of human sperm. Andrologia 1977;9:36-49
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline14
Cooper TG ,Neuwinger J ,Bahrs S ,Nieschlag E . Internal quality control of semen analysis. Fertil Steril 1992;58:172-178
Web of Science | Medline15
Johnson L . Spermatogenesis and aging in the human. J Androl 1986;7:331-354
Web of Science | Medline16
Sharpe RM . Declining sperm counts in men: is there an endocrine cause? J Endocrinol 1993;136:357-360
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline17
Sharpe RM ,Skakkebaek NE . Are oestrogens involved in falling sperm counts and disorders of the male reproductive tract? Lancet 1993;341:1392-1395
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline18
Mieusset R, Bujan L, Mansat A, Grandjean H, Pontonnier F. Heat induced inhibition of spermatogenesis in man. In: Zorgniotti AW, ed. Temperature and environmental effects on the testis. New York: Plenum Press, 1991:233-7.
19
Mieusset R ,Bujan L ,Plantavid M ,Grandjean D . Increased levels of serum follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone associated with intrinsic testicular hyperthermia in oligospermic infertile men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1989;68:419-425
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline20
Boyle P ,Kaye SB ,Robertson AG . Changes in testicular cancer in Scotland. Eur J Cancer Clin Oncol 1987;23:827-830
CrossRef | Medline21
Giwercman A ,Skakkebaek NE . The human testis -- an organ at risk? Int J Androl 1992;15:373-375
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline22
Coleman MP, Estève J, Damiecki P, Arslan A, Renard H. Trends in cancer incidence and mortality. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer, 1993:521-42. (IARC scientific publications no. 121.)
23
Jackson MB, John Radcliffe Hospital Cryptorchidism Research Group
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline24
Canlorbe P ,Lange JC ,Borniche P . Les cryptorchidies. Ann Pediatr (Paris) 1966;42:969-99725
Jardin A ,Caplanne M ,Bensadoun H ,Moukarzel M ,Benoit G . Increased incidence of undescended testis in the French young male population. J Urol 1992;147:386A-386A abstract.26
Stillman RJ . In utero exposure to diethylstilbestrol: adverse effects on the reproductive tract and reproductive performance in male and female offspring. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1982;142:905-921
Web of Science | Medline27
Spira A ,Goujard J ,Henrion R ,Lemerle J ,Robel P ,Tchobrouski C . Administration de diéthylstilbestrol (DES) pendant la grossesse, un problème de santé publique. Rev Epidemiol Sante Publique 1983;31:249-279
Web of Science | Medline28
Ginsburg J ,Okolo S ,Prelevic G ,Hardiman P . Residence in the London area and sperm density. Lancet 1994;343:230-230
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline29
Giwercman A ,Carlsen E ,Keiding N ,Skakkebaek NE . Evidence for increasing incidence of abnormalities of the human testis: a review. Environ Health Perspect 1993;101:Suppl 2:65-71
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline
- Citing Articles (294)
Citing Articles
1
Ping Li, Yuanfu Zhong, Xiaoming Jiang, Chonggang Wang, Zhenghong Zuo, Aiguo Sha. (2012) Seminal Plasma Metals Concentration with Respect to Semen Quality. Biological Trace Element Research
CrossRef2
C. Splingart, C. Frapsauce, S. Veau, C. Barthélémy, D. Royère, F. Guérif. (2011) Semen variation in a population of fertile donors: evaluation in a French centre over a 34-year period. International Journal of Andrologyno-no
CrossRef3
Émilie Clair, Robin Mesnage, Carine Travert, Gilles-Éric Séralini. (2011) A glyphosate-based herbicide induces necrosis and apoptosis in mature rat testicular cells in vitro, and testosterone decrease at lower levels. Toxicology in Vitro
CrossRef4
Trine B. Haugen, Toril Tefre, Gunilla Malm, Bo A.G. Jönsson, Lars Rylander, Lars Hagmar, Cathrine Bjørsvik, Trine Henrichsen, Thomas Sæther, Yngve Figenschau, Aleksander Giwercman. (2011) Differences in serum levels of CB-153 and p,p′-DDE, and reproductive parameters between men living south and north in Norway. Reproductive Toxicology 32:3, 261-267
CrossRef5
Loa Nordkap, Ulla Nordström Joensen, Martin Blomberg Jensen, Niels Jørgensen. (2011) Regional differences and temporal trends in male reproductive health disorders: Semen quality may be a sensitive marker of environmental exposures. Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology
CrossRef6
Sandro C. Esteves, Armand Zini, Nabil Aziz, Juan G. Alvarez, Edmund S. Sabanegh, Ashok Agarwal. (2011) Critical Appraisal of World Health Organization's New Reference Values for Human Semen Characteristics and Effect on Diagnosis and Treatment of Subfertile Men. Urology
CrossRef7
Silvia Agramunt, Manolis Kogevinas, Ramón Carreras. (2011) Distancia anogenital en recién nacidos: un marcador sensible de disrupción hormonal intrauterina. Medicina Clínica 137:10, 459-463
CrossRef8
Christos Tsametis, Gesthimani Mintziori, Paschalia K. Iliadou, Basil C. Tarlatzis, Ioannis Papadimas, Dimitrios G. Goulis. (2011) Dynamic endocrine test of inhibin B and anti-Müllerian hormone in men with non-obstructive azoospermia. Gynecological Endocrinology 27:9, 661-665
CrossRef9
Asgeir Brevik, Vendula Rusnakova, Nur Duale, Hege Holte Slagsvold, Ann-Karin Olsen, Ritsa Storeng, Mikael Kubista, Gunnar Brunborg, Birgitte Lindeman. (2011) Preconceptional paternal glycidamide exposure affects embryonic gene expression: Single embryo gene expression study following in vitro fertilization. Reproductive Toxicology
CrossRef10
Dean E. Morbeck, Phoebe H. Leonard, Amy L. Weaver, Katherine M. Shimek, Esther V.A. Bouwsma, Charles C. Coddington. (2011) Sperm morphology: classification drift over time and clinical implications. Fertility and Sterility
CrossRef11
G. T. Vani, N. Mukesh, P. Rama Devi, P. Usha Rani, P. P. Reddy. (2011) Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase C677T polymorphism is not associated with male infertility in a South Indian population. Andrologiano-no
CrossRef12
Zhikang Zou, Haixiang Hu, Manshu Song, Yanling Shen, Xiuhua Guo, Kenneth McElreavey, Alan H. Bittles, Wei Wang. (2011) Semen quality analysis of military personnel from six geographical areas of the People’s Republic of China. Fertility and Sterility 95:6, 2018-2023.e3
CrossRef13
Sonia Brahem, Meriem Mehdi, Hatem Elghezal, Ali Saad. (2011) The effects of male aging on semen quality, sperm DNA fragmentation and chromosomal abnormalities in an infertile population. Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics 28:5, 425-432
CrossRef14
Mohammad Reza Safarinejad, Nayyer Shafiei, Shiva Safarinejad. (2011) A prospective double-blind randomized placebo-controlled study of the effect of saffron (Crocus sativus Linn.) on semen parameters and seminal plasma antioxidant capacity in infertile men with idiopathic oligoasthenoteratozoospermia. Phytotherapy Research 25:4, 508-516
CrossRef15
Liangpo Liu, Huaqiong Bao, Feng Liu, Jie Zhang, Heqing Shen. (2011) Phthalates exposure of Chinese reproductive age couples and its effect on male semen quality, a primary study. Environment International
CrossRef16
Katrine Bay, Katharina M. Main, Jorma Toppari, Niels E. Skakkebæk. (2011) Testicular descent: INSL3, testosterone, genes and the intrauterine milieu. Nature Reviews Urology 8:4, 187-196
CrossRef17
J. Auger. (2011) Les différentes anomalies de la reproduction masculine sont-elles en augmentation ? Faits et controverses, possibles facteurs en cause: une analyse actualisée des données de la littérature et des registres. Andrologie 21:1, 7-23
CrossRef18
Qiu-Fang Zhang, Huai-Liang Feng, Lan Zhao, Ping Liu, Li Li, Jie Yan, Jie Qiao. (2011) Alteration of ERβ gene RsaI polymorphism may contribute to reduced fertilization rate and embryonic developmental competence. Asian Journal of Andrology 13:2, 317-321
CrossRef19
Radu Harbuz, Raoudha Zouari, Virginie Pierre, Mariem Ben Khelifa, Mahmoud Kharouf, Charles Coutton, Ghaya Merdassi, Farid Abada, Jessica Escoffier, Yorgos Nikas, François Vialard, Isabelle Koscinski, Chema Triki, Nathalie Sermondade, Thérèse Schweitzer, Amel Zhioua, Fethi Zhioua, Habib Latrous, Lazhar Halouani, Marrakchi Ouafi, Mounir Makni, Pierre-Simon Jouk, Bernard Sèle, Sylviane Hennebicq, Véronique Satre, Stéphane Viville, Christophe Arnoult, Joël Lunardi, Pierre F. Ray. (2011) A Recurrent Deletion of DPY19L2 Causes Infertility in Man by Blocking Sperm Head Elongation and Acrosome Formation. The American Journal of Human Genetics 88:3, 351-361
CrossRef20
R. Habert, V. Muczynski, A. Lehraiki, D. Moison, R. Lambrot, C. Levacher, C. Lécureuil, R. Frydman, V. Rouiller-Fabre. (2011) Altérations environnementales du développement du testicule foetal: zoom sur les phtalates. Andrologie 21:1, 24-33
CrossRef21
M. Leterrier, T. Fréour, A. Guillouzouic, M.-E. Juvin, P. Barriere, A. Reynaud, S. Corvec. (2011) Semen cultures analysis: retrospective study during a 6-year period and interest in the management of infertility. European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases 30:3, 401-406
CrossRef22
Juan José Corrales, Mar Cordero, Purificación Galindo, Rosa María Burgo, Jerónimo Hernández, José Manuel Miralles. (2011) Evolución de la calidad seminal en una población no industrializada procedente de Salamanca durante los últimos treinta años. Medicina Clínica 136:7, 277-283
CrossRef23
N. Prisant, P. Cohen-Bacrie, E. Amar, J. Belaisch-Allart, M. Cohen-Bacrie, F. Olivennes, F.-X. Aubriot, S. Belloc. (2011) Tératozoospermie : mythe ou réalité ? Étude d’une cohorte de 101 404 examens de sperme. Gynécologie Obstétrique & Fertilité 39:3, 136-140
CrossRef24
M. F. Fernandez, I. Duran, N. Olea, C. Avivar, M. Vierula, J. Toppari, N. E. Skakkebaek, N. Jørgensen. (2011) Semen quality and reproductive hormone levels in men from Southern Spain. International Journal of Andrologyno-no
CrossRef25
Paolo Mocarelli, Pier Mario Gerthoux, Larry L. Needham, Donald G. Patterson, Giuseppe Limonta, Rosanna Falbo, Stefano Signorini, Maria Bertona, Carla Crespi, Cecilia Sarto, Paul K. Scott, Wayman E. Turner, Paolo Brambilla. (2011) Perinatal Exposure to Low Doses of Dioxin Can Permanently Impair Human Semen Quality. Environmental Health Perspectives 119:5, 713-718
CrossRef26
Dangxia Zhou, Jing Zhang, Haixu Wang, Yahong Xue. (2011) Effect of formaldehyde exposure on structure and function of epididymis in adult rats: a histological and biochemical study. Toxicological & Environmental Chemistry 93:1, 134-144
CrossRef27
Ying Li, Hui Lin, Yafei Li, Jia Cao. (2011) Association between socio-psycho-behavioral factors and male semen quality: systematic review and meta-analyses. Fertility and Sterility 95:1, 116-123
CrossRef28
Roelof Menkveld, Cas AG Holleboom, Johann PT Rhemrev. (2011) Measurement and significance of sperm morphology. Asian Journal of Andrology 13:1, 59-68
CrossRef29
Roberto Matorras, Francisco Matorras, Antonia Expósito, Lorea Martinez, Lorena Crisol. (2011) Decline in Human Fertility Rates with Male Age: A Consequence of a Decrease in Male Fecundity with Aging?. Gynecologic and Obstetric Investigation 71:4, 229-235
CrossRef30
Kenichi Saito, Azusa Niijima, Eri Kamite, Mari Watanabe. (2011) Bisphenol A and estrone-induced developmental effects in early chick embryos. Environmental Toxicologyn/a-n/a
CrossRef31
Ming Liu, Jiapeng Qu, Min Yang, Zengli Wang, Yanling Wang, Yanming Zhang, Zhibin Zhang. (2011) Effects of quinestrol and levonorgestrel on populations of plateau pikas, Ochotona curzoniae, in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Pest Management Sciencen/a-n/a
CrossRef32
Dangxia Zhou, Haixu Wang, Jing Zhang, Xiaoli Gao, Wenbao Zhao, Youli Zheng. (2010) Di-n-Butyl Phthalate (DBP) Exposure Induces Oxidative Damage in Testes of Adult Rats. Systems Biology in Reproductive Medicine 56:6, 413-419
CrossRef33
Houchingue Eghbali, Aline Papaxanthos-Roche. (2010) The impact of lymphoma and treatment on male fertility. Expert Review of Hematology 3:6, 775-788
CrossRef34
Tae-Hyoung Kim, Soon-Chul Myung, Yeon-pyo Hong, Yun-jung Yang, Sang-Yon Kim, Sae Chul Kim. (2010) Light and transmission electron microscopic comparisons of sperms between petrochemical factory workers and public servants in a nonindustrialized area. Fertility and Sterility 94:7, 2864-2867
CrossRef35
Giampaolo Velo, Ugo Moretti. (2010) Ecopharmacovigilance for Better Health. Drug Safety 33:11, 963-968
CrossRef36
Chong Won Bak, Seung-Hun Song, Tae Ki Yoon, Jung Jin Lim, Tai Eun Shin, Suye Sung. (2010) Natural course of idiopathic oligozoospermia: Comparison of mild, moderate and severe forms. International Journal of Urology 17:11, 937-943
CrossRef37
(2010) Europe the continent with the lowest fertility. Human Reproduction Update 16:6, 590-602
CrossRef38
Eun Hee Han, Hyung Gyun Kim, Yong Pil Hwang, Jae Ho Choi, Ji Hye Im, Bonghwan Park, Ji Hye Yang, Tae Cheon Jeong, Hye Gwang Jeong. (2010) The role of cyclooxygenase-2-dependent signaling via cyclic AMP response element activation on aromatase up-regulation by o,p′-DDT in human breast cancer cells. Toxicology Letters 198:3, 331-341
CrossRef39
Jorgen Thorup, Robert McLachlan, Dina Cortes, Tamara R. Nation, Adam Balic, Bridget R. Southwell, John M. Hutson. (2010) What is new in cryptorchidism and hypospadias—a critical review on the testicular dysgenesis hypothesis. Journal of Pediatric Surgery 45:10, 2074-2086
CrossRef40
Jessica Escoffier, Morgane Couvet, Harold de Pomyers, Pierre F. Ray, Michel Sève, Gérard Lambeau, Michel De Waard, Christophe Arnoult. (2010) Snake venoms as a source of compounds modulating sperm physiology: Secreted phospholipases A2 from Oxyuranus scutellatus scutellatus impact sperm motility, acrosome reaction and in vitro fertilization in mice. Biochimie 92:7, 826-836
CrossRef41
Dyutiman Mukhopadhyay, Alex C. Varghese, Manisha Pal, Sudip K. Banerjee, Asok K. Bhattacharyya, Rakesh K. Sharma, Ashok Agarwal. (2010) Semen quality and age-specific changes: a study between two decades on 3,729 male partners of couples with normal sperm count and attending an andrology laboratory for infertility-related problems in an Indian city. Fertility and Sterility 93:7, 2247-2254
CrossRef42
T. G. Cooper, E. Noonan, S. von Eckardstein, J. Auger, H. W. G. Baker, H. M. Behre, T. B. Haugen, T. Kruger, C. Wang, M. T. Mbizvo, K. M. Vogelsong. (2010) World Health Organization reference values for human semen characteristics. Human Reproduction Update 16:3, 231-245
CrossRef43
Rheta Keylor, Roberta Apfel. (2010) Male Infertility: Integrating an Old Psychoanalytic Story with the Research Literature. Studies in Gender and Sexuality 11:2, 60-77
CrossRef44
Gook-Sup Song. (2010) Could sperm quality be affected by a building environment? A literature review. Building and Environment 45:4, 936-943
CrossRef45
Brenda Eskenazi, Marcella Warner, Amy R. Marks, Steven Samuels, Larry Needham, Paolo Brambilla, Paolo Mocarelli. (2010) Serum Dioxin Concentrations and Time to Pregnancy. Epidemiology 21:2, 224-231
CrossRef46
Eduardo Casas, Edmundo Bonilla, Yvonne Ducolomb, Miguel Betancourt. (2010) Differential effects of herbicides atrazine and fenoxaprop-ethyl, and insecticides diazinon and malathion, on viability and maturation of porcine oocytes in vitro. Toxicology in Vitro 24:1, 224-230
CrossRef47
C. Asklund, T. K. Jensen, K. M. Main, T. Sobotka, N. E. Skakkebaek, N. Jørgensen. (2010) Semen quality, reproductive hormones and fertility of men operated for hypospadias. International Journal of Andrology 33:1, 80-87
CrossRef48
M. Joffe. (2010) What has happened to human fertility?. Human Reproduction 25:2, 295-307
CrossRef49
Jens Peter Ellekilde Bonde. (2010) Semen analysis from an epidemiologic perspective. Asian Journal of Andrology 12:1, 91-94
CrossRef50
Warren G. Foster, Serena Maharaj-Briceño, Daniel G. Cyr. (2009) Dioxin-Induced Changes in Epididymal Sperm Count and Spermatogenesis. Environmental Health Perspectives 118:4, 458-464
CrossRef51
Poul Bjerregaard. 2009. Environmental Endocrine Toxicology. .
CrossRef52
Akihiro Arima, Hirohito Kato, Yojiro Ooshima, Taishi Tateishi, Ayumi Inoue, Atsunobu Muneoka, Toshio Ihara, Shunichi Kamimura, Toshio Fukusato, Shunichiro Kubota, Hiroshi Sumida, Mineo Yasuda. (2009) In utero and lactational exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) induces a reduction in epididymal and ejaculated sperm number in rhesus monkeys. Reproductive Toxicology 28:4, 495-502
CrossRef53
Davi S. Moreira, Sérgio F. Aquino, Robson J.C.F. Afonso, Eliane P.P.C. Santos, Valter L. de Pádua. (2009) Occurrence of endocrine disrupting compounds in water sources of Belo Horizonte Metropolitan Area, Brazil. Environmental Technology 30:10, 1041-1049
CrossRef54
Mariana Astiz, Graciela E. Hurtado de Catalfo, María J. T. Alaniz, Carlos Alberto Marra. (2009) Involvement of Lipids in Dimethoate-Induced Inhibition of Testosterone Biosynthesis in Rat Interstitial Cells. Lipids 44:8, 703-718
CrossRef55
Jun Wang, Jian Wang, Hua-Rong Zhang, Hui-Juan Shi, Duan Ma, Hong-Xin Zhao, Biaoyang Lin, Run-Sheng Li. (2009) Proteomic analysis of seminal plasma from asthenozoospermia patients reveals proteins that affect oxidative stress responses and semen quality. Asian Journal of Andrology 11:4, 484-491
CrossRef56
R. Rybar, P. Markova, Z. Veznik, L. Faldikova, M. Kunetkova, A. Zajicova, V. Kopecka, J. Rubes. (2009) Sperm chromatin integrity in young men with no experiences of infertility and men from idiopathic infertility couples. Andrologia 41:3, 141-149
CrossRef57
R. Paradisi, S. Vanella, R. Barzanti, C. Cani, C. Battaglia, R. Seracchioli, S. Venturoli. (2009) Effects of indoor air purification by an air cleaning system (Koala technology) on semen parameters in male factor infertility: results of a pilot study. Andrologia 41:3, 163-168
CrossRef58
Graciela E. Hurtado Catalfo, María J. T. Alaniz, Carlos Alberto Marra. (2009) Influence of Commercial Dietary Oils on Lipid Composition and Testosterone Production in Interstitial Cells Isolated from Rat Testis. Lipids 44:4, 345-357
CrossRef59
Robert L. Wahl, John S. Reif. (2009) Temporal trends in bull semen quality: A comparative model for human health?. Environmental Research 109:3, 273-280
CrossRef60
Jaime Mendiola, Alberto M. Torres-Cantero, José M. Moreno-Grau, Jorge Ten, Manuela Roca, Stella Moreno-Grau, Rafael Bernabeu. (2009) Food intake and its relationship with semen quality: a case-control study. Fertility and Sterility 91:3, 812-818
CrossRef61
Y. Xia, P. Zhu, Y. Han, C. Lu, S. Wang, A. Gu, G. Fu, R. Zhao, L. Song, X. Wang. (2009) Urinary metabolites of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in relation to idiopathic male infertility. Human Reproduction 24:5, 1067-1074
CrossRef62
Y. Li, H. Lin, M. Ma, L. Li, M. Cai, N. Zhou, X. Han, H. Bao, L. Huang, C. Zhu, C. Li, H. Yang, Z. Rao, Y. Xiang, Z. Cui, L. Ao, Z. Zhou, H. Xiong, J. Cao. (2009) Semen quality of 1346 healthy men, results from the Chongqing area of southwest China. Human Reproduction 24:2, 459-469
CrossRef63
René Habert, Vincent Muczynski, Abdelali Lehraiki, Romain Lambrot, Charlotte Lécureuil, Christine Levacher, Hervé Coffigny, Catherine Pairault, Delphine Moison, René Frydman, Virginie Rouiller-Fabre. (2009) Adverse effects of endocrine disruptors on the foetal testis development: focus on the phthalates. Folia Histochemica et Cytobiologica 47:5, S67-S74
CrossRef64
Corinne Charlier. (2009) Pathologies endocriniennes observées chez l'Homme en rapport avec l'exposition aux pesticides organochlorés. Annales de Toxicologie Analytique 21:3, 113-117
CrossRef65
Joanna Jurewicz, Wojciech Hanke, Michał Radwan, Jens Peter Bonde. (2009) Environmental factors and semen quality. International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health 22:4, 305-329
CrossRef66
Hamid Alizadeh Nili, Hossein Mozdarani, Ashraf Aleyasin. (2009) Correlation of sperm DNA damage with protamine deficiency in Iranian subfertile men. Reproductive BioMedicine Online 18:4, 479-485
CrossRef67
K. H. Brown, I. R. Schultz, J. G. Cloud, J. J. Nagler. (2008) Aneuploid sperm formation in rainbow trout exposed to the environmental estrogen 17 -ethynylestradiol. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 105:50, 19786-19791
CrossRef68
A. Guven, A. Kayikci, K. Cam, P. Arbak, O. Balbay, M. Cam. (2008) Alterations in semen parameters of toll collectors working at motorways: does diesel exposure induce detrimental effects on semen?. Andrologia 40:6, 346-351
CrossRef69
Eun Hee Han, Ji Young Kim, Hyung-Kyun Kim, Yong Pil Hwang, Hye Gwang Jeong. (2008) o,p′-DDT induces cyclooxygenase-2 gene expression in murine macrophages: Role of AP-1 and CRE promoter elements and PI3-kinase/Akt/MAPK signaling pathways. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 233:2, 333-342
CrossRef70
J. Key, N. Best, M. Joffe, T. K. Jensen, N. Keiding. (2008) Methodological Issues in Analyzing Time Trends in Biologic Fertility: Protection Bias. American Journal of Epidemiology 169:3, 285-293
CrossRef71
M. López-Teijón, M. Elbaile, J. G. Alvarez. (2008) Geographical differences in semen quality in a population of young healthy volunteers from the different regions of Spain. Andrologia 40:5, 318-328
CrossRef72
A. Nyboe Andersen, E. Carlsen, A. Loft. (2008) Trends in the use of intracytoplasmatic sperm injection marked variability between countries. Human Reproduction Update 14:6, 593-604
CrossRef73
Louis Leniaud, Rachel Lévy. (2008) Nutrition et infertilité masculine : revue de la littérature. Cahiers de Nutrition et de Diététique 43:4, 198-208
CrossRef74
José Bellver. (2008) Impact of bodyweight and lifestyle on IVF outcome. Expert Review of Obstetrics & Gynecology 3:5, 607-625
CrossRef75
2008. Prevention of infertility. , 11-21.
CrossRef76
M. Sieniawski, T. Reineke, A. Josting, L. Nogova, K. Behringer, T. Halbsguth, M. Fuchs, V. Diehl, A. Engert. (2008) Assessment of male fertility in patients with Hodgkin's lymphoma treated in the German Hodgkin Study Group (GHSG) clinical trials. Annals of Oncology 19:10, 1795-1801
CrossRef77
Yankai Xia, Yan Han, Bin Wu, Shoulin Wang, Aihua Gu, Ningxia Lu, Jianling Bo, Lin Song, Nianzu Jin, Xinru Wang. (2008) The relation between urinary metabolite of pyrethroid insecticides and semen quality in humans. Fertility and Sterility 89:6, 1743-1750
CrossRef78
T. E. Potemina. (2008) Impairment of spermatogenesis in male rats during stress. Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine 145:6, 700-702
CrossRef79
Valborg Baste, Trond Riise, Bente E. Moen. (2008) Radiofrequency electromagnetic fields; male infertility and sex ratio of offspring. European Journal of Epidemiology 23:5, 369-377
CrossRef80
Guanghui Wang, Lei Huang, Rong Yu, Nansheng Deng. (2008) Photocatalytic degradation of 2,2-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl) propane (BPP) based on molecular recognition interaction. Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology 83:5, 601-608
CrossRef81
Harry Fisch. (2008) Declining Worldwide Sperm Counts: Disproving a Myth. Urologic Clinics of North America 35:2, 137-146
CrossRef82
Warren G. Foster, Michael S. Neal, Myoung-Soek Han, Miguel M. Dominguez. (2008) Environmental Contaminants and Human Infertility: Hypothesis or Cause for Concern?. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B 11:3-4, 162-176
CrossRef83
Michael Garner, Michelle C. Turner, Parviz Ghadirian, Daniel Krewski, Michael Wade. (2008) Testicular Cancer and Hormonally Active Agents
. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B 11:3-4, 260-275
CrossRef84
Marcello Cocuzza, Kelly S. Athayde, Ashok Agarwal, Rakesh Sharma, Rodrigo Pagani, Antonio M. Lucon, Miguel Srougi, Jorge Hallak. (2008) Age-Related Increase of Reactive Oxygen Species in Neat Semen in Healthy Fertile Men. Urology 71:3, 490-494
CrossRef85
Marcia C. Inhorn, Luke King, Jerome O. Nriagu, Loulou Kobeissi, Najwa Hammoud, Johnny Awwad, Antoine A. Abu-Musa, Antoine B. Hannoun. (2008) Occupational and environmental exposures to heavy metals: Risk factors for male infertility in Lebanon?. Reproductive Toxicology 25:2, 203-212
CrossRef86
Gilda Cobellis, Giovanna Cacciola, Teresa Chioccarelli, Gaia Izzo, Rosaria Meccariello, Riccardo Pierantoni, Silvia Fasano. (2008) Estrogen regulation of the male reproductive tract in the frog, Rana esculenta: A role in Fra-1 activation in peritubular myoid cells and in sperm release. General and Comparative Endocrinology 155:3, 838-846
CrossRef87
Paul F. Engelhardt, Claus R. Riedl. (2008) Effects of One-Year Treatment with Isoflavone Extract from Red Clover on Prostate, Liver Function, Sexual Function, and Quality of Life in Men with Elevated PSA Levels and Negative Prostate Biopsy Findings. Urology 71:2, 185-190
CrossRef88
Ling Song, Yu-Bang Wang, Hong Sun, Chen Yuan, Xia Hong, Jian-Hua Qu, Jian-Wei Zhou, Xin-Ru Wang. (2008) Effects of Fenvalerate and Cypermethrin on Rat Sperm Motility Patterns In Vitro as Measured by Computer-Assisted Sperm Analysis. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A 71:5, 325-332
CrossRef89
Helle R. Andersen, Ida M. Schmidt, Philippe Grandjean, Tina K. Jensen, Esben Budtz-Jørgensen, Mia B. Kjærstad, Jesper Bælum, Jesper B. Nielsen, Niels E. Skakkebæk, Katharina M. Main. (2008) Impaired Reproductive Development in Sons of Women Occupationally Exposed to Pesticides during Pregnancy. Environmental Health Perspectives 116:4, 566-572
CrossRef90
Sebastian Kenkel, Claus Rolf, Eberhard Nieschlag. (2008) Occupational risks for male fertility: an analysis of patients attending a tertiary referral centre. International Journal of Andrology 24:6, 318
CrossRef91
Jaime Mendiola, Alberto M Torres-Cantero, José M Moreno-Grau, Jorge Ten, Manuela Roca, Stella Moreno-Grau, Rafael Bernabeu. (2008) Exposure to environmental toxins in males seeking infertility treatment: a case-controlled study. Reproductive BioMedicine Online 16:6, 842-850
CrossRef92
Teruaki Iwamoto, Shiari Nozawa, Miki Yoshiike. (2007) Semen quality of Asian men. Reproductive Medicine and Biology 6:4, 185-193
CrossRef93
Martina Suša, Ivan Pavičić. (2007) Djelovanje Radiofrekvencijskog Elektromagnetskog Zračenja na Spermatogenez u Sisavaca. Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology 58:4, 449-459
CrossRef94
Paolo Mocarelli, Pier Mario Gerthoux, Donald G. Patterson, Silvano Milani, Giuseppe Limonta, Maria Bertona, Stefano Signorini, Pierluigi Tramacere, Laura Colombo, Carla Crespi, Paolo Brambilla, Cecilia Sarto, Vittorio Carreri, Eric J. Sampson, Wayman E. Turner, Larry L. Needham. (2007) Dioxin Exposure, from Infancy through Puberty, Produces Endocrine Disruption and Affects Human Semen Quality. Environmental Health Perspectives 116:1, 70-77
CrossRef95
Konstantina Plastira, Pavlos Msaouel, Roxani Angelopoulou, Kyriaki Zanioti, Aris Plastiras, Alexios Pothos, Stamatis Bolaris, Nikolaos Paparisteidis, Dimitris Mantas. (2007) The effects of age on DNA fragmentation, chromatin packaging and conventional semen parameters in spermatozoa of oligoasthenoteratozoospermic patients. Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics 24:10, 437-443
CrossRef96
Hussein S. Qublan, Khalil Al-Okoor, Ahmad S. Al-Ghoweri, Adnan Abu-Qamar. (2007) Sonographic spectrum of scrotal abnormalities in infertile men. Journal of Clinical Ultrasound 35:8, 437-441
CrossRef97
Inge A. Olesen, Si Brask Sonne, Christina E. Hoei-Hansen, Ewa Rajpert-DeMeyts, Niels E. Skakkebaek. (2007) Environment, testicular dysgenesis and carcinoma in situ testis. Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 21:3, 462-478
CrossRef98
M.-J. Lopez-Espinosa, A. Granada, J. Carreno, M. Salvatierra, F. Olea-Serrano, N. Olea. (2007) Organochlorine Pesticides in Placentas from Southern Spain and Some Related Factors. Placenta 28:7, 631-638
CrossRef99
E. Levitas, E. Lunenfeld, N. Weisz, M. Friger, G. Potashnik. (2007) Relationship between age and semen parameters in men with normal sperm concentration: analysis of 6022 semen samples. Andrologia 39:2, 45-50
CrossRef100
T. Sweeney, J. Fox, L. Robertson, G. Kelly, P. Duffy, P. Lonergan, J. O’Doherty, J.F. Roche, N.P. Evans. (2007) Postnatal exposure to octylphenol decreases semen quality in the adult ram. Theriogenology 67:5, 1068-1075
CrossRef101
Gabriel Livera, Romain Lambrot, René Frydman, Hervé Coffigny, Catherine Pairault, Béetrice Petre-Lazar, StéPhanie G. Moreno, Virginie Rouiller-Fabre, René Habert. (2007) Développementin vitro de la lignée germinale foetale mâle chez le rat, la souris et l’homme. Andrologie 17:1, 25-41
CrossRef102
Aleksander Giwercmanz, Lars Rylander, Yvonne Lundberg Giwercman. (2007) Influence of endocrine disruptors on human male fertility. Reproductive BioMedicine Online 15:6, 633-642
CrossRef103
M López Teijón, F Garcia, O Serra, M Moragas, A Rabanal, R Olivares, JG Alvarez. (2007) Semen quality in a population of volunteers from the province of Barcelona. Reproductive BioMedicine Online 15:4, 434-444
CrossRef104
N Sampson, G Untergasser, E Plas, P Berger. (2007) The ageing male reproductive tract. The Journal of Pathology 211:2, 206-218
CrossRef105
Sarah M. Lambert, Puneet Masson, Harry Fisch. (2006) The male biological clock. World Journal of Urology 24:6, 611-617
CrossRef106
H Irene Su, Kurt T Barnhart. (2006) Lifestyle and environmental risk factors for infertility. Expert Review of Obstetrics & Gynecology 1:2, 215-229
CrossRef107
Miguel Betancourt, Alicia Reséndiz, Eduardo Casas y Reyna Fierro. (2006) Effect of two insecticides and two herbicides on the porcine sperm motility patterns using computer-assisted semen analysis (CASA) in vitro. Reproductive Toxicology 22:3, 508-512
CrossRef108
Niels Keiding. 2006. Endocrine Disruptors. .
CrossRef109
Elizabeth Hervey Stephen, Anjani Chandra. (2006) Declining estimates of infertility in the United States: 1982–2002. Fertility and Sterility 86:3, 516-523
CrossRef110
Jolanta Słowikowska-Hilczer. (2006) Xenobiotics with estrogen or antiandrogen action — disruptors of the male reproductive system. Central European Journal of Medicine 1:3, 205-227
CrossRef111
Hideo Kato, Tadakazu Furuhashi, Masami Tanaka, Yoshinao Katsu, Hajime Watanabe, Yasuhiko Ohta, Taisen Iguchi. (2006) Effects of bisphenol A given neonatally on reproductive functions of male rats. Reproductive Toxicology 22:1, 20-29
CrossRef112
Janos Konc, Katalin Kanyó, Sandor Cseh. (2006) Deliveries from embryos fertilized with spermatozoa obtained from cryopreserved testicular tissue. Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics 23:5, 247-252
CrossRef113
Ping-Chi Hsu, I-Yueh Chen, Chih-Hong Pan, Kuen-Yuh Wu, Min-Hsiung Pan, Jenq-Renn Chen, Cheng-Jung Chen, Guo-Ping Chang-Chien, Chang-Hung Hsu, Chiu-Shong Liu, Ming-Tsang Wu. (2006) Sperm DNA damage correlates with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons biomarker in coke-oven workers. International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health 79:5, 349-356
CrossRef114
Fábio Firmbach Pasqualotto, Bernardo Passos Sobreiro, Jorge Hallak, Kelly Silveira Athayde, Eleonora Bedin Pasqualotto, Antônio Marmo Lucon. (2006) High percentage of abnormal semen parameters in a prevasectomy population. Fertility and Sterility 85:4, 954-960
CrossRef115
Giorgio Cavallini. (2006) Male idiopathic oligoasthenoteratozoospermia. Asian Journal of Andrology 8:2, 143-157
CrossRef116
Katrine Bay, Camilla Asklund, Niels E. Skakkebaek, Anna-Maria Andersson. (2006) Testicular dysgenesis syndrome: possible role of endocrine disrupters. Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 20:1, 77-90
CrossRef117
P. C. Pal, M. Rajalakshmi, M. Manocha, R. S. Sharma, S. Mittal, D. N. Rao. (2006) Semen quality and sperm functional parameters in fertile Indian men. Andrologia 38:1, 20-25
CrossRef118
Sergey I. Moskovtsev, Jennifer Willis, J. Brendan M. Mullen. (2006) Age-related decline in sperm deoxyribonucleic acid integrity in patients evaluated for male infertility. Fertility and Sterility 85:2, 496-499
CrossRef119
Niels Jorgensen, Camilla Asklund, Elisabeth Carlsen, Niels E. Skakkebaek. (2006) Coordinated European investigations of semen quality: results from studies of Scandinavian young men is a matter of concern. International Journal of Andrology 29:1, 54-61
CrossRef120
Celia Ravel, Sandra Chantot-Bastaraud, Brahim El Houate, Jacqueline Mandelbaum, Jean-Pierre Siffroi, Ken McElreavey. (2006) GR/GR deletions within the azoospermia factor c region on the Y chromosome might not be associated with spermatogenic failure. Fertility and Sterility 85:1, 229-231
CrossRef121
J. Van Oostdam, S.G. Donaldson, M. Feeley, D. Arnold, P. Ayotte, G. Bondy, L. Chan, É. Dewaily, C.M. Furgal, H. Kuhnlein, E. Loring, G. Muckle, E. Myles, O. Receveur, B. Tracy, U. Gill, S. Kalhok. (2005) Human health implications of environmental contaminants in Arctic Canada: A review. Science of The Total Environment 351-352, 165-246
CrossRef122
Jakob Lackner, Georg Schatzl, Thomas Waldhör, Katharina Resch, Christian Kratzik, Michael Marberger. (2005) Constant decline in sperm concentration in infertile males in an urban population: experience over 18 years. Fertility and Sterility 84:6, 1657-1661
CrossRef123
E. De La Rochebrochard, P. Thonneau. (2005) Paternal age: are the risks of infecundity and miscarriage higher when the man is aged 40 years or over?. Revue d'Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique 53, 47-55
CrossRef124
Fabio F. Pasqualotto, Bernardo P. Sobreiro, Jorge Hallak, Eleonora B. Pasqualotto, Antonio M. Lucon. (2005) Sperm concentration and normal sperm morphology decrease and follicle-stimulating hormone level increases with age. BJU International 96:7, 1087-1091
CrossRef125
J. Auger, P. Jouannet. (2005) Age and male fertility: biological factors. Revue d'Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique 53, 25-35
CrossRef126
IGOR TSAREV, VALERIJ GAGONIN, ALEKSANDER GIWERCMAN, JURIS ERENPREISS. (2005) Sperm concentration in Latvian military conscripts as compared with other countries in the Nordic-Baltic area. International Journal of Andrology 28:4, 208-214
CrossRef127
Lixia Zhao, Jin-Ming Lin. (2005) Development of a micro-plate magnetic chemiluminescence enzyme immunoassay (MMCLEIA) for rapid- and high-throughput analysis of 17β-estradiol in water samples. Journal of Biotechnology 118:2, 177-186
CrossRef128
Nelly Mauras, Jennifer Bell, Banae G. Snow, Kevin L. Winslow. (2005) Sperm analysis in growth hormone-deficient adolescents previously treated with an aromatase inhibitor: Comparison with normal controls. Fertility and Sterility 84:1, 239-242
CrossRef129
Corinne J. Charlier, Jean-Michel Foidart. (2005) Comparative study of dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene in blood and semen of two young male populations: Lack of relationship to infertility, but evidence of high exposure of the mothers. Reproductive Toxicology 20:2, 215-220
CrossRef130
Alex C. Vidaeff, Lowell E. Sever. (2005) In utero exposure to environmental estrogens and male reproductive health: a systematic review of biological and epidemiologic evidence. Reproductive Toxicology 20:1, 5-20
CrossRef131
Miriam Jacobs. 2005. Nuclear Receptors and Dietary Ligands. .
CrossRef132
I. D. Fedorova, T. V. Kuznetsova, V. S. Baranov, A. V. Rybouchkin, J. Elst, M. Dhont. (2005) Cytogenetic analysis of human spermatozoa using intracytoplasmic sperm injection into mouse oocytes. Russian Journal of Genetics 41:3, 310-317
CrossRef133
Masahito Suiko, Yoichi Sakakibara, Ming-Yih Liu, Yuh-Shyong Yang, Ming-Cheh Liu. (2005) Cytosolic Sulfotransferases and Environmental Estrogenic Chemicals. Journal of Pesticide Science 30:4, 345-353
CrossRef134
S. Koloszár, I. Fejes, Z. Závaczki, J. Daru, J. Szöllősi, A. Pál. (2005) EFFECT OF BODY WEIGHT ON SPERM CONCENTRATION IN NORMOZOOSPERMIC MALES. Systems Biology in Reproductive Medicine 51:4, 299-304
CrossRef135
Gary N. Clarke, Tanya Stewart, H. W. Gordon Baker. (2004) Comparison of sperm counts in two groups of men presenting for infertility investigations 20 years apart. Reproductive Medicine and Biology 3:4, 211-216
CrossRef136
Stephen Safe. (2004) Endocrine disruptors and human health: is there a problem. Toxicology 205:1-2, 3-10
CrossRef137
Sergio N. Kuriyama, Chris E. Talsness, Konstanze Grote, Ibrahim Chahoud. (2004) Developmental Exposure to Low-Dose PBDE-99: Effects on Male Fertility and Neurobehavior in Rat Offspring. Environmental Health Perspectives 113:2, 149-154
CrossRef138
Gunnar Toft, Lars Hagmar, Alexander Giwercman, Jens Peter Bonde. (2004) Epidemiological evidence on reproductive effects of persistent organochlorines in humans. Reproductive Toxicology 19:1, 5-26
CrossRef139
S.M. Richard, N.O. Bianchi, M.S. Bianchi, P. Peltomäki, R.A. Lothe, W. Pavicic. (2004) Ethnic variation in the prevalence of AZF deletions in testicular cancer. Mutation Research/Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis 554:1-2, 45-51
CrossRef140
Davaasambuu Ganmaa, Li-Qiang Qin, Pei-Yu Wang, Hideo Tezuka, Shoji Teramoto, Akio Sato. (2004) A two-generation reproduction study to assess the effects of cows' milk on reproductive development in male and female rats. Fertility and Sterility 82, 1106-1114
CrossRef141
Mohamed A Dalvie, Jonathan E Myers, Mary Lou Thompson, Thomas G Robins, Silke Dyer, John Riebow, Josef Molekwa, Mohamed Jeebhay, Robert Millar, Phillip Kruger. (2004) The long-term effects of DDT exposure on semen, fertility, and sexual function of malaria vector-control workers in Limpopo Province, South Africa. Environmental Research 96:1, 1-8
CrossRef142
Giuseppe Galati, Peter J O'Brien. (2004) Potential toxicity of flavonoids and other dietary phenolics: significance for their chemopreventive and anticancer properties. Free Radical Biology and Medicine 37:3, 287-303
CrossRef143
Rémy Slama, Tina Kold-Jensen, Thomas Scheike, Béatrice Ducot, Alfred Spira, Niels Keiding. (2004) How Would a Decline in Sperm Concentration Over Time Influence the Probability of Pregnancy?. Epidemiology 15:4, 458-465
CrossRef144
C. Asklund, N. Jorgensen, T. Kold Jensen, N.E. Skakkebaek. (2004) Biology and epidemiology of testicular dysgenesis syndrome. BJU International 93:s3, 6-11
CrossRef145
Louis Sibert, Nathalie Rives. (2004) Evolution des caractères spermatiques avec l’âge. Andrologie 14:1, 45-51
CrossRef146
Julie Stoy, Niels Henrik I. Hjollund, Jens Tolboll Mortensen, Hermann Burr, Jens Peter Bonde. (2004) Semen quality and sedentary work position. International Journal of Andrology 27:1, 5-11
CrossRef147
Takashi KAWAGUCHI, Mamoru KAWACHI, Makoto MORIKAWA, Hiroki KAZUTA, Kenji SHIBATA, Mayumi ISHIDA, Naoko KITAGAWA, Asaki MATSUO, Toshihito KADOTA. (2004) KEY PARAMETERS OF SPERM MOTION IN RELATION TO MALE FERTILITY IN RATS GIVEN .ALPHA.-CHLOROHYDRIN OR NITROBENZENE. The Journal of Toxicological Sciences 29:3, 217-231
CrossRef148
I. Shaw, B. Thompson, P. Cressey. 2004. Xenostrogens. , 413-435.
CrossRef149
Inge M.W Ebisch, Waander L van Heerde, Chris M.G Thomas, Nathalie van der Put, Wai Yee Wong, Régine P.M Steegers-Theunissen. (2003) C677T methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase polymorphism interferes with the effects of folic acid and zinc sulfate on sperm concentration. Fertility and Sterility 80:5, 1190-1194
CrossRef150
Peter J Donovan, Maria P de Miguel. (2003) Turning germ cells into stem cells. Current Opinion in Genetics & Development 13:5, 463-471
CrossRef151
C. Tarraf, M. El-Sabban, R. Bassam, M. Beyrouthy, J. Chamoun, R. Talhouk. (2003) Functional consequence of exposure to dieldrin on mammary development and function. Food Additives and Contaminants 20:9, 819-828
CrossRef152
Kei Ohkimoto, Takuya Sugahara, Yoichi Sakakibara, Masahito Suiko, Ming-Yih Liu, Glendora Carter, Ming-Cheh Liu. (2003) Sulfonation of environmental estrogens by zebrafish cytosolic sulfotransferases. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 309:1, 7-11
CrossRef153
Florence Eustache, Corinne Lesaffre, Marie Chantal Cannivenc, Pierre Jouannet, Jean Pierre Cravedi, Jacques Auger. (2003) Effets d’une exposition à la Vinclozoline et à la Génistéine de la gestation à l’âge adulte sur la fonction de reproduction du ratWistar mâle: protocole et résultats préliminaires. Andrologie 13:2, 170-178
CrossRef154
Venkata Rami K Reddy, Shrimali K Rajeev, Vijayalakshmi Gupta. (2003) α6β1 Integrin is a potential clinical marker for evaluating sperm quality in men. Fertility and Sterility 79, 1590-1596
CrossRef155
Russ Hauser, Zuying Chen, Lucille Pothier, Louise Ryan, Larisa Altshul. (2003) The Relationship between Human Semen Parameters and Environmental Exposure to Polychlorinated Biphenyls and p,p´-DDE. Environmental Health Perspectives 111:12, 1505-1511
CrossRef156
Lone Storgaard, Jens Peter Bonde, Erik Ernst, Marcello Spanô, Claus Yding Andersen, Morten Frydenberg, Jørn Olsen. (2003) Does Smoking During Pregnancy Affect Sons’ Sperm Counts?. Epidemiology 14:3, 278-286
CrossRef157
Matthew P. Longnecker, David C. Bellinger, David Crews, Brenda Eskenazi, Ellen K. Silbergeld, Tracey J. Woodruff, Ezra S. Susser. (2003) An Approach to Assessment of Endocrine Disruption in the National Children's Study. Environmental Health Perspectives 111:13, 1691-1697
CrossRef158
Andrea Lenzi, Francesco Lombardo, Paolo Sgrò, Pietro Salacone, Luisa Caponecchia, Franco Dondero, Loredana Gandini. (2003) Use of carnitine therapy in selected cases of male factor infertility: a double-blind crossover trial. Fertility and Sterility 79:2, 292-300
CrossRef159
De-Xiang Xu, Han-Ming Shen, Qi-Xing Zhu, Laiha Chua, Qu-Nan Wang, Sin-Eng Chia, Choon-Nam Ong. (2003) The associations among semen quality, oxidative DNA damage in human spermatozoa and concentrations of cadmium, lead and selenium in seminal plasma. Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis 534:1-2, 155-163
CrossRef160
KEN McELREAVEY, LLUIS QUINTANA-MURCI. (2003) Y chromosome haplogroups: A correlation with testicular dysgenesis syndrome?. APMIS 111:1, 106-114
CrossRef161
Z. CHEN, K. B. ISAACSON, T. L. TOTH, L. GODFREY-BAILEY, I. SCHIFF, R. HAUSER. (2003) TEMPORAL TRENDS IN HUMAN SEMEN PARAMETERS IN NEW ENGLAND IN THE UNITED STATES, 1989-2000. Systems Biology in Reproductive Medicine 49:5, 369-374
CrossRef162
M. ALMAGOR, I. IVNITZKI, H. YAFFE, M. BARAS. (2003) CHANGES IN SEMEN QUALITY IN JERUSALEM BETWEEN 1990 AND 2000: A CROSS-SECTIONAL AND LONGITUDINAL STUDY. Systems Biology in Reproductive Medicine 49:2, 139-144
CrossRef163
Daniel R Franken. (2003) African experience with sperm morphology training courses. Reproductive BioMedicine Online 7:1, 114-119
CrossRef164
Xiang-ming Li, Xiu-fan Liu, Sato Akio. (2002) Relationship between the incidence rates of testicular and prostatic cancers and food consumptions. Chinese Journal of Cancer Research 14:4, 240-245
CrossRef165
S Oishi. (2002) Effects of propyl paraben on the male reproductive system. Food and Chemical Toxicology 40:12, 1807-1813
CrossRef166
Hye Gwang Jeong, Ji Young Kim. (2002) Effects of o,p′-DDT on the 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin-inducible CYP1A1 expression in murine Hepa-1c1c7 cells. Food and Chemical Toxicology 40:11, 1685-1692
CrossRef167
T.Govind Pai, Takuya Sugahara, Masahito Suiko, Yoichi Sakakibara, Faye Xu, Ming-Cheh Liu. (2002) Differential xenoestrogen-sulfating activities of the human cytosolic sulfotransferases: molecular cloning, expression, and purification of human SULT2B1a and SULT2B1b sulfotransferases. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - General Subjects 1573:2, 165-170
CrossRef168
Jens Peter Bonde, Lone Storgaard. (2002) How work-place conditions, environmental toxicants and lifestyle affect male reproductive function1. International Journal of Andrology 25:5, 262-268
CrossRef169
Rémy Slama, Henri Leridon. (2002) How Much of the Decline in Sperm Counts Can Be Explained by Relaxed Reproductive Selection?. Epidemiology 13:5, 613-615
CrossRef170
Ewa Rajpert-De Meyts, Christina E. Hoei-Hansen, Anne Marie Ottesen, Lone Frydelund-Larsen, Mette Holm, Niels E. Skakkebaek. (2002) Le cancer à cellules germinales du testicule, élément constitutif du Syndrome de Dysgénésie Testiculaire: rôle des facteurs environnementaux et de la susceptibilité génétique. Andrologie 12:3, 262-268
CrossRef171
Margus Punab, Birute Zilaitiene, Niels Jorgensen, Antero Horte, Valentinas Matulevicius, Ants Peetsalu, Niels E. Skakkebaek. (2002) Regional differences in semen qualities in the Baltic region. International Journal of Andrology 25:4, 243-252
CrossRef172
Choon-Nam Ong, Han-Ming Shen, Sin-Eng Chia. (2002) Biomarkers for Male Reproductive health hazards: Are they available?. Toxicology Letters 134:1-3, 17-30
CrossRef173
Néstor O. Bianchi, Silvina M. Richard, Päivi Peltomäki, Martha S. Bianchi. (2002) Mosaic AZF deletions and susceptibility to testicular tumors. Mutation Research/Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis 503:1-2, 51-62
CrossRef174
Ian Shaw, Stuart McCully. (2002) A review of the potential impact of dietary endocrine disrupters on the consumer. International Journal of Food Science and Technology 37:5, 471-476
CrossRef175
Chisato Mori, Akihiko Hamamatsu, Hideki Fukata, Kyu-Bom Koh, Noriko Nakamura, Sanae Takeichi, Takahiko Kusakabe, Takeshi Saito, Masatoshi Morita, Shinichi Tanihara, Fujio Kayama, Masae Shiyomi, Jin Yoshimura, Kaoru Sagisaka. (2002) Temporal changes in testis weight during the past 50 years in Japan. Anatomical Science International 77:2, 109-116
CrossRef176
Emiko Todaka, Chisato Mori. (2002) Necessity to establish new risk assessment and risk communication for human fetal exposure to multiple endocrine disruptors in Japan. Congenital Anomalies 42:2, 87-93
CrossRef177
Wu Junqing, Yang Qiuying, Tao Jianguo, Yuan Wei, Bo Liwei, Li Yuxian, Zhou Yumei, Yao Kangshou, Lu Weiqun, Chen Lu, Gao Ersheng. (2002) Reference value of semen quality in Chinese young men. Contraception 65:5, 365-368
CrossRef178
A. Jung, H.-C. Schuppe, W.-B. Schill. (2002) Comparison of semen quality in older and younger men attending an andrology clinic. Andrologia 34:2, 116-122
CrossRef179
Wai Yee Wong, Hans M.W.M Merkus, Chris M.G Thomas, Roelof Menkveld, Gerhard A Zielhuis, Régine P.M Steegers-Theunissen. (2002) Effects of folic acid and zinc sulfate on male factor subfertility: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Fertility and Sterility 77:3, 491-498
CrossRef180
Gabriel G. Nahas, Henry Clay Frick, John K. Lattimer, Colette Latour, David Harvey. (2002) Pharmacokinetics of THC in brain and testis, male gametotoxicity and premature apoptosis of spermatozoa. Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental 17:2, 103-113
CrossRef181
Jae-Ho Shin, Hyung Sik Kim, Hyun Ju Moon, Il Hyun Kang, Tae Sung Kim, Ji Hyun Seok, In Young Kim, Kui Lea Park, Soon Young Han, Sang Yoon Nam. (2002) EFFECTS OF FLUTAMIDE ON PUBERTY IN MALE RATS: AN EVALUATION OF THE PROTOCOL FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF PUBERTAL DEVELOPMENT AND THYROID FUNCTION. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A 65:5-6, 433-445
CrossRef182
Miriam N. Jacobs*, David F. V. Lewis. (2002) Steroid hormone receptors and dietary ligands: a selected review. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 61:01, 105-122
CrossRef183
T Rajesh Kumar, K Doreswamy, B Shrilatha, Muralidhara. (2002) Oxidative stress associated DNA damage in testis of mice: induction of abnormal sperms and effects on fertility. Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis 513:1-2, 103-111
CrossRef184
R.F.A. Weber, F.H. Pierik, G.R. Dohle, A. Burdorf. (2002) Environmental influences on male reproduction. BJU International 89:2, 143-148
CrossRef185
Masako SATO, Ryo OHTA, Kohichi KOJIMA, Mariko SHIROTA. (2002) Strain Differences in the Spontaneous Incidence of Sperm Morphological Abnormalities in Hatano Rats. Journal of Veterinary Medical Science 64:4, 389-390
CrossRef186
Sebastian Kenkel, Claus Rolf, Eberhard Nieschlag. (2001) Occupational risks for male fertility: an analysis of patients attending a tertiary referral centre. International Journal of Andrology 24:6, 318-326
CrossRef187
K. A. BOISEN, K. M. MAIN, E. RAJPERT-DE MEYTS, N. E. SKAKKEBAEK. (2001) Are Male Reproductive Disorders a Common Entity?. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 948:1, 90-99
CrossRef188
Sin-Eng Chia, Sun-Kuie Tay. (2001) Occupational Risk for Male Infertility: A Case-Control Study of 218 Infertile and 227 Fertile Men. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 43:11, 946-951
CrossRef189
N-E. Skakkebaek, E. Rajpert Meyts, K.M. Main. (2001) Testicular dysgenesis syndrome: an increasingly common developmental disorder with environmental aspects. APMIS 109:S103, S22-S30
CrossRef190
PIERRE JOUANNET, CHRISTINA WANG, FLORENCE EUSTACHE, TINA KOLD-JENSEN, JACQUES AUGER. (2001) Semen quality and male reproductive health: the controversy about human sperm concentration decline. APMIS 109:S103, S48-S61
CrossRef191
Niels Jorgensen, Anne-Grethe Andersen, Florence Eustache, D. Stewart Irvine, Jyrki Suominen, Jørgen Holm Petersen, Anders Nyboe Andersen, Jacques Auger, Elizabeth H.H. Cawood, Antero Horte, Tina Kold Jensen, Pierre Jouannet, Niels Keiding, Matti Vierula, Jorma Toppari, Niels E. Skakkebßk. (2001) Regional differences in semen quality in Europe. APMIS 109:S103, S62-S69
CrossRef192
B. Zorn, I. Virant-klun, M. Kolbezen, V. Velikonja, H. Meden-Vrtovec. (2001) Facteurs de stress psychologique et qualité du sperme dans une population de 450 hommes infertiles slovènes. Andrologie 11:2, 76-85
CrossRef193
A. Horte, M. Vierula, J. Toppari, J. Suominen. (2001) Reassessment of sperm morphology of archival semen smears from the period 1980-1994. International Journal of Andrology 24:2, 120-124
CrossRef194
Midori Yoshida, Shin-ichi Katsuda, Akiko Takenaka, Gen Watanabe, Kazuyoshi Taya, Akihiko Maekawa. (2001) Effects of neonatal exposure to a high-dose p-tert-octylphenol on the male reproductive tract in rats. Toxicology Letters 121:1, 21-33
CrossRef195
Néstor O. Bianchi, Martha S. Bianchi, Silvina M. Richard. (2001) Mitochondrial genome instability in human cancers. Mutation Research/Reviews in Mutation Research 488:1, 9-23
CrossRef196
Sharon A Kidd, Brenda Eskenazi, Andrew J Wyrobek. (2001) Effects of male age on semen quality and fertility: a review of the literature. Fertility and Sterility 75:2, 237-248
CrossRef197
C. de Jager, M. S. Bornman, S. Wand. (2001) LETHAL DOSE AND REPRODUCTIVE PARAMETERS OF p -NONYLPHENOL IN RATS. Systems Biology in Reproductive Medicine 46:3, 183-187
CrossRef198
Taizo Iwasaki, Kiyoshi Totsukawa. (2001) Decline in the Semen Quality of Students at Yamagata University Born in the 1970's.. Journal of Mammalian Ova Research 18:1, 44-47
CrossRef199
Daisuke Asai, Yoshiko Tahara, Makoto Nakai, Yoshikuni Yakabe, Mineo Takatsuki, Takeru Nose, Teruo Shinmyozu, Yasuyuki Shimohigashi. (2000) Structural essentials of xenoestrogen dialkyl phthalates to bind to the estrogen receptors. Toxicology Letters 118:1-2, 1-8
CrossRef200
Chantana Padungtod, David A. Savitz, James W. Overstreet, David C. Christiani, Louise M. Ryan, Xiping Xu. (2000) Occupational Pesticide Exposure and Semen Quality Among Chinese Workers. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 42:10, 982-992
CrossRef201
Shanna H. Swan, Eric P. Elkin, Laura Fenster. (2000) The Question of Declining Sperm Density Revisited: An Analysis of 101 Studies Published 1934-1996. Environmental Health Perspectives 108:10, 961-966
CrossRef202
S. Signorini, P. M. Gerthoux, C. Dassi, M. Cazzaniga, P. Brambilla, N. Vincoli, P. Mocarelli. (2000) Environmental exposure to dioxin: the Seveso experience. Andrologia 32:4-5, 263-270
CrossRef203
H.-C. Schuppe, P. Wieneke, S. Donat, E. Fritsche, F.-M. Kohn, J. Abel. (2000) Xenobiotic metabolism, genetic polymorphisms and male infertility. Andrologia 32:4-5, 255-262
CrossRef204
D. Meschede. (2000) Anomalies génétiques de la spermatogenèse. Andrologie 10:3, 271-273
CrossRef205
L. Bujan. (2000) Environnement et Spermatogenèse. Andrologie 10:3, 254-270
CrossRef206
D. S. Irvine. (2000) Male reproductive health: cause for concern?. Andrologia 32:4-5, 195-208
CrossRef207
Ju Tae Seo, Koon Ho Rha, Yong-Seog Park, Moo Sang Lee. (2000) Semen quality over a 10-year period in 22,249 men in Korea. International Journal of Andrology 23:4, 194-198
CrossRef208
Michael R. Trimble, Ennapadam S. Krishnamoorthy. (2000) THE ROLE OF TOXINS IN DISORDERS OF MOOD AND AFFECT. Neurologic Clinics 18:3, 649-664
CrossRef209
Jacqueline M. Moline, Anne L. Golden, Natan Bar-Chama, Ernest Smith, Molly E. Rauch, Robert E. Chapin, Sally D. Perreault, Steven M. Schrader, William A. Suk, Philip J. Landrigan. (2000) Exposure to Hazardous Substances and Male Reproductive Health: A Research Framework. Environmental Health Perspectives 108:9, 803-813
CrossRef210
D Rao Veeramachaneni. (2000) Deteriorating trends in male reproduction: idiopathic or environmental?. Animal Reproduction Science 60-61:1-3, 121-130
CrossRef211
M JOFFE. (2000) Time trends in biological fertility in Britain. The Lancet 355:9219, 1961-1965
CrossRef212
Stephen H. Safe. (2000) Endocrine Disruptors and Human Health--Is There a Problem? An Update. Environmental Health Perspectives 108:6, 487-493
CrossRef213
Katsuyuki Baba, Takayasu Nishida, Miki Yoshiike, Shiari Nozawa, Takao Hoshino, Teruaki Wamoto. (2000) Current status of reproductive function in Japanese fertile men: international collaborative project on a study of partners of pregnant women. International Journal of Andrology 23:S2, 54-56
CrossRef214
Wai Yee Wong, Chris M.G Thomas, Johannus M.W.M Merkus, Gerhard A Zielhuis, Régine P.M Steegers-Theunissen. (2000) Male factor subfertility: possible causes and the impact of nutritional factors. Fertility and Sterility 73:3, 435-442
CrossRef215
Brian D Acacio, Tamar Gottfried, Robert Israel, Rebecca Z Sokol. (2000) Evaluation of a large cohort of men presenting for a screening semen analysis. Fertility and Sterility 73:3, 595-597
CrossRef216
Han-Ming Shen, Choon-Nam Ong. (2000) Detection of oxidative DNA damage in human sperm and its association with sperm function and male infertility. Free Radical Biology and Medicine 28:4, 529-536
CrossRef217
K. North, J. Golding, . (2000) A maternal vegetarian diet in pregnancy is associated with hypospadias. BJU International 85:1, 107-113
CrossRef218
Masahito Suiko, Yoichi Sakakibara, Ming-Cheh Liu. (2000) Sulfation of Environmental Estrogen-like Chemicals by Human Cytosolic Sulfotransferases. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 267:1, 80-84
CrossRef219
J. Kniewald, M. Jakomini?, A. Tomljenovi?, B. ?imi?, P. Romac,
. Vrane?i?, Z. Kniewald. (2000) Disorders of male rat reproductive tract under the influence of atrazine. Journal of Applied Toxicology 20:1, 61-68
CrossRef220
Sin-Eng Chia, Soon-Tiong Alvin Lim, Sun-Kuie Tay, Swee-Tee Lim. (2000) Factors associated with male infertility: a case-control study of 218 infertile and 240 fertile men. BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 107:1, 55-61
CrossRef221
Susan Barlow, Robert J. Kavlock, John A. Moore, Susan L. Schantz, Daniel M. Sheehan, Dana L. Shuey, Joseph M. Lary. (1999) Teratology society public affairs committee position paper: Developmental toxicity of endocrine disruptors to humans. Teratology 60:6, 365-375
CrossRef222
Ali Ahmadi, Soon-Chye Ng. (1999) Fertilizing ability of DNA-damaged spermatozoa. The Journal of Experimental Zoology 284:6, 696-704
CrossRef223
A Menditto. (1999) Environmental and biological monitoring of endocrine disrupting chemicals. Chemosphere 39:8, 1301-1307
CrossRef224
John A. Tomenson, Donald R. Taves, Abraham T.K. Cockett, Jane McCusker, Leila Barraj, Marcie Francis, Timothy P. Pastoor, G. Ashley DeS. Wickramaratne, Herbert L. Northrop. (1999) An Assessment of Fertility in Male Workers Exposed to Molinate. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 41:9, 771-787
CrossRef225
W Foster. (1999) Reproductive effects of tris(4-chlorophenyl)methanol in the rat. Chemosphere 39:5, 709-724
CrossRef226
R Stolla, H Trombach. (1999) Changes in Testicular Function? Semen Quality in AI Bulls over a 25-Year Period. Reproduction in Domestic Animals 34:3-4, 343-349
CrossRef227
Radim J Šrám, Blanka Binková, Pavel Rössner, Jiřı́ Rubeš, Jan Topinka, Jan Dejmek. (1999) Adverse reproductive outcomes from exposure to environmental mutagens. Mutation Research/Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis 428:1-2, 203-215
CrossRef228
Shanna H. Swan, Eric P. Elkin. (1999) Declining semen quality: Can the past inform the present?. BioEssays 21:7, 614-621
CrossRef229
BRANKO ZORN, IRMA VIRANT-KLUN, IVAN VERDENIK, HELENA MEDEN-VRTOVEC. (1999) Semen quality changes among 2343 healthy Slovenian men included in an IVF-ET programme from 1983 to 1996. International Journal of Andrology 22:3, 178-183
CrossRef230
I. Galeraud-Denis, E. Marie, S. Carreau. (1999) Estrogènes et spermatozoïdes. Andrologie 9:2, 252-260
CrossRef231
Yukiko Tabira, Makoto Nakai, Daisuke Asai, Yoshikuni Yakabe, Yoshiko Tahara, Teruo Shinmyozu, Masato Noguchi, Mineo Takatsuki, Yasuyuki Shimohigashi. (1999) Structural requirements of para-alkylphenols to bind to estrogen receptor. European Journal of Biochemistry 262:1, 240-245
CrossRef232
D. Boulegue, L. Janny, J. L. Pouly, D. Boucher, J. Hermabessiere. (1999) Fertilité de l’homme en fonction de l’âge. Andrologie 9:1, 28-41
CrossRef233
C. de Jager, M. S. Bornman, G. van der Horst. (1999) I. The effect of p-nonylphenol, an environmental toxicant with oestrogenic properties, on fertility potential in adult male rats. Andrologia 31:2, 99-106
CrossRef234
C. Jager, M. S. Bornman, G. Horst. (1999) I. The effect of p-nonylphenol, an environmental toxicant with oestrogenic properties, on fertility potential in adult male rats. Andrologia 31:2, 99-106
CrossRef235
S. Pflieger-Bruss, V. Hanf, P. Behnisch, H. Hagenmaier, G. M. Rune. (1999) Effects of single polychlorinated biphenyls on the morphology of cultured rat tubuli seminiferi. Andrologia 31:2, 77-82
CrossRef236
H. Lejeune. (1999) Panorama de l’infertilité masculine. Andrologie 9:1, 9-27
CrossRef237
GYLLENBORG, SKAKKEBAEK, NIELSEN, KEIDING, GIWERCMAN. (1999) Secular and seasonal changes in semen quality among young Danish men: a statistical analysis of semen samples from 1927 donor candidates during 1977-1995. International Journal of Andrology 22:1, 28-36
CrossRef238
I. TORTOLERO. (1999) SEMEN ANALYSIS IN MEN FROM MERIDA, VENEZUELA, OVER A 15-YEAR PERIOD. Systems Biology in Reproductive Medicine 42:1, 29-34
CrossRef239
Makoto Nakai, Yukiko Tabira, Daisuke Asai, Yoshikuni Yakabe, Teruo Shimyozu, Masato Noguchi, Mineo Takatsuki, Yasuyuki Shimohigashi. (1999) Binding Characteristics of Dialkyl Phthalates for the Estrogen Receptor. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 254:2, 311-314
CrossRef240
Mona El-Gohary, Wageh M Awara, Samia Nassar, Samia Hawas. (1999) Deltamethrin-induced testicular apoptosis in rats: the protective effect of nitric oxide synthase inhibitor. Toxicology 132:1, 1-8
CrossRef241
Paulo Hilario Nascimento Saldiva, Gyorgy Miklos Bohm. (1998) Animal Indicators of Adverse Effects Associated with Air Pollution. Ecosystem Health 4:4, 230-235
CrossRef242
Severin Müller, Peter Schmid, Christian Schlatter. (1998) Evaluation of the estrogenic potency of nonylphenol in non-occupationally exposed humans. Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology 6:1, 27-33
CrossRef243
H. Greim. (1998) Hormonähnlich wirkende Stoffe in der Umwelt—Einführung und Sachstand. Bundesgesundheitsblatt 41:8, 326-329
CrossRef244
Edward V. Younglai, John A. Collins, Warren G. Foster. (1998) Canadian semen quality: an analysis of sperm density among eleven academic fertility centers. Fertility and Sterility 70:1, 76-80
CrossRef245
Scott, Macpherson, Yates, Hussain, Dixon. (1998) The effect of oral selenium supplementation on human sperm motility. BJU International 82:1, 76-80
CrossRef246
E. Fritsche, H.-C. Schuppe, O. Döhr, T. Ruzicka, E. Gleichmann, J. Abel. (1998) Increased frequencies of cytochrome P4501A1 polymorphisms in infertile men. Andrologia 30:3, 125-128
CrossRef247
J. Auger, P. Jouannet. (1998) Baisse de la production et de la qualite spermatique chez l’homme: Facteurs de variation et problemes méthodologiques. Andrologie 8:1, 9-24
CrossRef248
D. Glöckner, K. Gaevert, J. Kleinstein. (1998) Declining sperm quality in men of childless couples. Andrologia 30:1, 55-55
CrossRef249
HENRIK MØLLER. (1998) Trends in sex-ratio, testicular cancer and male reproductive hazards: Are they connected?. APMIS 106:1-6, 232-239
CrossRef250
Seiichi YOSHIDA, Hiroyuki YAMADA, Isamu SUGAWARA, Ken TAKEDA. (1998) Effect of Dibromochloropropane (DBCP) on the Hormone Receptors of the Male Rat Reproductive System.. Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry 62:3, 479-483
CrossRef251
PETER MEIDAHL PETERSEN, NIELS E. SKAKKEBAEK, ALEKSANDER GIWERCMAN. (1998) Gonadal function in men with testicular cancer: Biological and clinical aspects. APMIS 106:1-6, 24-36
CrossRef252
Helmut Greim. (1998) Hormonähnlich wirkende Stoffe in der Umwelt. Nachrichten aus Chemie, Technik und Laboratorium 46:1, 63-66
CrossRef253
Christopher DeRosa, Patricia Richter, Hana Pohl, Dennis E. Jones. (1998) Environmental exposures that affect the endocrine system: Public health implications. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B 1:1, 3-26
CrossRef254
Stephen H. Safe, Kevin Gaido. (1998) Phytoestrogens and anthropogenic estrogenic compounds. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 17:1, 119-126
CrossRef255
F. Parazzini, A. Bortolotti, E. Colli. (1998) Declining Sperm Count and Fertility in Males: An Epidemiological Controversy. Systems Biology in Reproductive Medicine 41:1, 27-30
CrossRef256
Eric R Emanuel, Erik T Goluboff, Harry Fisch. (1998) Macleod Revisited: Sperm Count Distributions in 374 Fertile Men From 1971 to 1994. Urology 51:1, 86-88
CrossRef257
NIELS E. SKAKKEBÉK, EWA RAJPERT-DE MEYTS, NIELS JØRGENSEN, ELISABETH CARLSEN, PETER MEIDAHL PETERSEN, ALEKSANDER GIWERCMAN, ANNE-GRETHE ANDERSEN, TINA KOLD JENSEN, ANNA-MARIA ANDERSSON, JØRN MÜLLER. (1998) Germ cell cancer and disorders of spermatogenesis: An environmental connection?. APMIS 106:1-6, 3-12
CrossRef258
Per E Rasmussen, Karin Erb, Lars G Westergaard, Steen B Laursen. (1997) No evidence for decreasing semen quality in four birth cohorts of 1,055 Danish men born between 1950 and 1970. Fertility and Sterility 68:6, 1059-1064
CrossRef259
Caleb A. Awoniyi, Dawn Roberts, Varadaraj Chandrashekar, D. N. Rao Veeramachaneni, Bradley S. Hurst, Kathleen E. Tucker, William D. Schlaff. (1997) Neonatal exposure to coumestrol, a phytoestrogen, does not alter spermatogenic potential in rats. Endocrine 7:3, 337-341
CrossRef260
Zu-Yao Ni, Yu-Qing Liu, Han-Ming Shen, Sin Eng Chia, Choon Nam Ong. (1997) Does the increase of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine lead to poor sperm quality?. Mutation Research/Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis 381:1, 77-82
CrossRef261
P.T.C. Harrison, P. Holmes, C.D.N. Humfrey. (1997) Reproductive health in humans and wildlife: are adverse trends associated with environmental chemical exposure?. Science of The Total Environment 205:2-3, 97-106
CrossRef262
Roberta B. Ness, Nina Markovic, Catherine L. Carlson, Michael T. Coughlin. (1997) Do men become infertile after having sexually transmitted urethritis? An epidemiologic examination. Fertility and Sterility 68:2, 205-213
CrossRef263
D Lamb. (1997) Hormonal Disruptors and Male Infertility: Are Men at Serious Risk?,. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology 26:1, 30-33
CrossRef264
S Safe. (1997) Human Exposure to Endocrine-Active Chemicals: Hazard Assessment Problems. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology 26:1, 52-58
CrossRef265
George P Daston, Jay W Gooch, William J Breslin, Dana L Shuey, Andrey I Nikiforov, Theresa A Fico, Joseph W Gorsuch. (1997) Environmental estrogens and reproductive health: A discussion of the human and environmental data. Reproductive Toxicology 11:4, 465-481
CrossRef266
Stan Becker, Kiros Berhane. (1997) A meta-analysis of 61 sperm count studies revisited. Fertility and Sterility 67:6, 1103-1108
CrossRef267
Abraham Benshushan, Orly Shoshani, Ora Paltiel, Joseph G. Schenker, Aby Lewin. (1997) Is there really a decrease in sperm parameters among healthy young men? A survey of sperm donations during 15 years. Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics 14:6, 347-353
CrossRef268
R Ratnasabapathy. (1997) Modulation of the hepatic expression of the estrogen-regulated mRNA stabilizing factor by estrogenic and antiestrogenic nonsteroidal xenobiotics. Biochemical Pharmacology 53:10, 1425-1434
CrossRef269
Matthew P. Longnecker, Walter J. Rogan, George Lucier. (1997) THE HUMAN HEALTH EFFECTS OF DDT (DICHLORODIPHENYLTRICHLOROETHANE) AND PCBS (POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS) AND AN OVERVIEW OF ORGANOCHLORINES IN PUBLIC HEALTH 1. Annual Review of Public Health 18:1, 211-244
CrossRef270
Harry Fisch, Howard Andrews, James Hendricks, Erik T. Goluboff, John H. Olson, Carl A. Olsson. (1997) The Relationship of Sperm Counts to Birth Rates. The Journal of Urology840-843
CrossRef271
Harry Fisch, Howard Andrews, James Hendricks, Erik T. Goluboff, John H. Olson, Carl A. Olsson. (1997) The Relationship of Sperm Counts to Birth Rates: A Population Based Study. The Journal of Urology 157:3, 840-843
CrossRef272
Stephen Tong, David Caddy, Roger V Short. (1997) Use of dizygotic to monozygotic twinning ratio as a measure of fertility. The Lancet 349:9055, 843-845
CrossRef273
Susan Benoff, Ian R. Hurley, Michele Barcia, Francine S. Mandel, George W. Cooper, Avner Hershlag. (1997) A potential role for cadmium in the etiology of varicoceleassociated infertility. Fertility and Sterility 67:2, 336-347
CrossRef274
Gina M. Solomon. (1997) Reproductive Toxins. Journal of Occupational & Environmental Medicine 39:2, 105-107
CrossRef275
Harry Fisch, Edward F. Ikeguchi, Erik T. Goluboff. (1996) Worldwide variations in sperm counts. Urology 48:6, 909-911
CrossRef276
Margret Schlumpf, Walter Lichtensteiger. (1996) Hormonaktive Xenobiotika. Umweltwissenschaften und Schadstoff-Forschung 8:6, 321-332
CrossRef277
F. Menchini-Fabris, P. Rossi, P. Palego, S. Simi, P. Turchi. (1996) Declining sperm counts in Italy during the past 20 years. Andrologia 28:6, 304-304
CrossRef278
E. Nieschlag, A. Lerchl. (1996) Declining sperm counts in European men-fact or fiction?. Andrologia 28:6, 305-306
CrossRef279
J. Toppari. (1996) Is semen quality declining?. Andrologia 28:6, 307-308
CrossRef280
P. Jouannet, J. Auger. (1996) Declining sperm counts? More research is needed. Andrologia 28:6, 302-303
CrossRef281
Hasso Seibert. (1996) Störungen der Entwicklung und Funktion des männlichen Reproduktionssystems. Umweltwissenschaften und Schadstoff-Forschung 8:5, 275-284
CrossRef282
J. PAJARINEN, V. SAVOLAINEN, M. PEROLA, A. PENTTILÄ, P. J. KARHUNEN. (1996) Polymorphism in the cytochrome P450 2E1 gene and alcohol-induced disorders of human spermatogenesis. International Journal of Andrology 19:5, 314-322
CrossRef283
Stanley H. Schuman. (1996) Environmental Estrogens as a Cause for Breast Cancer. Journal of Agromedicine 3:3, 1-6
CrossRef284
J. PAJARINEN, V. SAVOLAINEN, M. PEROLA, A. PENTTILÄ, P. J. KARHUNEN. (1996) Glutathione S-transferase-M1 ‘null’ genotype and alcohol-induced disorders of human spermatogenesis. International Journal of Andrology 19:3, 155-163
CrossRef285
J. P. Binette, H. Ohishi, W. Burgi, A. Kimura, T. Suyemitsu, N. Seno, K. Schmid. (1996) The content and distribution of glycosaminoglycans in the ejaculates of normal and vasectomized men. Andrologia 28:3, 145-149
CrossRef286
Jarkko Pajarinen, Pekka J. Karhunen, Vesa Savolainen, Kaisa Lalu, Antti Penttila, Pekka Laippala. (1996) Moderate Alcohol Consumption and Disorders of Human Spermatogenesis. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research 20:2, 332-337
CrossRef287
M. VIERULA, M. NIEMI, A. KEISKI, M. SAARANEN, S. SAARIKOSKI, J. SUOMINEN. (1996) High and unchanged sperm counts of Finnish men. International Journal of Andrology 19:1, 11-17
CrossRef288
Howard E. Kulin, Niels E. Skakkebaek. (1995) Environmental effects on human reproduction: The basis for new efforts in Eastern Europe. Social Science & Medicine 41:11, 1479-1486
CrossRef289
R. MIEUSSET, L. BUJAN. (1995) Testicular heating and its possible contributions to male infertility: a review. International Journal of Andrology 18:4, 169-184
CrossRef290
(1995) A missing piece on the Y. Nature Genetics 10:4, 367-368
CrossRef291
(1995) Male reproductive health and environmental oestrogens. The Lancet 345:8955, 933-935
CrossRef292
Sherins, Richard J., . (1995) Are Semen Quality and Male Fertility Changing?. New England Journal of Medicine 332:5, 327-328
Full Text293
Howards, Stuart S., . (1995) Treatment of Male Infertility. New England Journal of Medicine 332:5, 312-317
Full Text294
(1995) Evidence of Adverse Effects of Pesticides: British Society for Allergy Environmental Medicine British Society Nutritional Medicine: PO Box 28, Totton, Southampton, Hampshire, SO40 2ZA, UK. Journal of Nutritional and Environmental Medicine 5:4, 341-352
CrossRef
