Original Article

Effects of Saline, Mannitol, and Furosemide on Acute Decreases in Renal Function Induced by Radiocontrast Agents

Richard Solomon, Craig Werner, Denise Mann, John D'Elia, and Patricio Silva

N Engl J Med 1994; 331:1416-1420November 24, 1994

Abstract

Background

Injections of radiocontrast agents are a frequent cause of acute decreases in renal function, occurring most often in patients with chronic renal insufficiency and diabetes mellitus.

Full Text of Background...

Methods

We prospectively studied 78 patients with chronic renal insufficiency (mean [±SD] serum creatinine concentration, 2.1 ±0.6 mg per deciliter [186 ±53 μmol per liter]) who underwent cardiac angiography. The patients were randomly assigned to receive 0.45 percent saline alone for 12 hours before and 12 hours after angiography, saline plus mannitol, or saline plus furosemide. The mannitol and furosemide were given just before angiography. Serum creatinine was measured before and for 48 hours after angiography, and urine was collected for 24 hours after angiography. An acute radiocontrast-induced decrease in renal function was defined as an increase in the base-line serum creatinine concentration of at least 0.5 mg per deciliter (44 μmol per liter) within 48 hours after the injection of radiocontrast agents.

Full Text of Methods...

Results

Twenty of the 78 patients (26 percent) had an increase in the serum creatinine concentration of at least 0.5 mg per deciliter after angiography. Among the 28 patients in the saline group, 3 (11 percent) had such an increase in serum creatinine, as compared with 7 of 25 in the mannitol group (28 percent) and 10 of 25 in the furosemide group (40 percent) (P = 0.05). The mean increase in serum creatinine 48 hours after angiography was significantly greater in the furosemide group (P = 0.01) than in the saline group.

Full Text of Results...

Conclusions

In patients with chronic renal insufficiency who are undergoing cardiac angiography, hydration with 0.45 percent saline provides better protection against acute decreases in renal function induced by radiocontrast agents than does hydration with 0.45 percent saline plus mannitol or furosemide.

Full Text of Discussion...

Read the Full Article...

Media in This Article

Figure 1Serum Creatinine Concentrations Immediately before the Administration of Radiocontrast Agent (after 12 Hours of Hydration) and 48 Hours Later in Patients with Chronic Renal Insufficiency.

Table 1Demographic Characteristics of the Patients with Chronic Renal Insufficiency in the Three Treatment Groups.

Article Activity

350 articles have cited this article

Article

Acute decreases in renal function induced by the administration of radiocontrast agents are an important cause of hospital-acquired renal insufficiency, which contributes to morbidity and mortality during hospitalization and to the incidence of chronic end-stage renal disease1-4. Although the pathogenesis of acute renal insufficiency induced by radiocontrast agents is not fully understood, it appears to be due to medullary ischemia caused by decreased renal blood flow resulting from an imbalance of vasodilative and vasoconstrictive factors5. Because procedures involving the use of radiocontrast agents are scheduled beforehand and their occurrence is therefore predictable, a variety of prophylactic approaches have been suggested, including saline hydration and the administration of mannitol or furosemide6. There are, however, no prospective randomized trials directly comparing these approaches. We therefore undertook to compare the prophylactic efficacy of saline hydration alone with that of saline hydration plus either mannitol or furosemide in a group of patients at high risk for an acute decrease in renal function induced by radiocontrast agents.

Methods

Patients

Patients scheduled for cardiac angiography who had serum creatinine concentrations exceeding 1.6 mg per deciliter (140 μmol per liter) or rates of creatinine clearance below 60 ml per minute (<1.0 ml per second), calculated on the basis of serum creatinine concentration, weight, age, and sex,7 were eligible for the study. The indications for angiography were determined by each patient's cardiologist. Most patients were studied because of symptomatic coronary ischemia. The choice of radiocontrast agent was also made by the cardiologist. There were no differences in the types of radiocontrast agents used in the three treatment groups. Of the 78 patients enrolled in the study, 25 (32 percent) received ionic, high-osmolality radiocontrast agents, and the remainder received ionic, low-osmolality or non-ionic, low-osmolality radiocontrast agents (32 percent and 35 percent, respectively). The protocol was approved by the Committee on Human Research of New England Deaconess Hospital, and all patients gave written informed consent.

Study Protocol

All the patients received 0.45 percent saline intravenously at a rate of 1 ml per kilogram of body weight per hour beginning 12 hours before the scheduled angiography. This saline infusion was continued during the angiography (saline group) or was supplemented with 25 g of mannitol, infused intravenously during the 60 minutes immediately before angiography (mannitol group), or with 80 mg of furosemide, infused intravenously during the 30 minutes immediately before angiography (furosemide group). A hospital pharmacist who had no knowledge of the patients assigned each patient to one of the three groups using a random-allocation table. All the patients continued to receive 0.45 percent saline intravenously at the same rate for 12 hours after angiography and were encouraged to drink if thirsty. Serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen were measured 12 to 24 hours before angiography, at the time of angiography, and on the next two mornings (i.e., 24 and 48 hours later). Urine was collected for the first 24 hours after angiography. Urinary sodium and potassium were measured by flame photometry, and creatinine by AutoAnalyzer. A radiocontrast-induced decrease in renal function was defined as an increase in the base-line serum creatinine concentration of at least 0.5 mg per deciliter ( ≥ 44 μmol per liter) within 48 hours after the injection of radiocontrast medium.

Statistical Analysis

Continuous variables were analyzed by analysis of variance, and categorical variables by the chi-square test. Analyses indicating significant differences among the three treatment groups were followed by two-tailed pairwise analyses with the t-test for continuous variables and Fisher's exact test for categorical variables. Data are expressed as means ±SD. All analyses were performed with Systat (version 5.1, Systat, Evanston, Ill.).

Results

A total of 78 patients were enrolled, and all completed the protocol. Their demographic characteristics are shown in Table 1Table 1Demographic Characteristics of the Patients with Chronic Renal Insufficiency in the Three Treatment Groups.. The number of patients with diabetes mellitus or congestive heart failure was similar in each of the three groups, as was the number receiving diuretics or calcium-channel antagonists before angiography. The volume of radiocontrast agent and the total dose of iodine given in the three groups were also similar.

The changes in the serum creatinine concentration of each patient are shown in Figure 1Figure 1Serum Creatinine Concentrations Immediately before the Administration of Radiocontrast Agent (after 12 Hours of Hydration) and 48 Hours Later in Patients with Chronic Renal Insufficiency.. The mean serum creatinine concentration at the time the radiocontrast agents were administered was similar in each treatment group. The increase in the serum creatinine concentration was significantly greater 24 hours after angiography in the mannitol group (P = 0.01) and the furosemide group (P = 0.02) than in the saline group, and was also significantly greater 48 hours after angiography in the furosemide group (P = 0.01) (Table 2Table 2Absolute Changes in Serum Creatinine Concentration after the Administration of Radiocontrast Agents and the Incidence of Acute Renal Dysfunction, According to Treatment Group.). The serum creatinine concentration increased by at least 0.5 mg per deciliter in 20 of the 78 patients (26 percent): 3 of the 28 patients who received saline (11 percent), 7 of the 25 patients who received mannitol (28 percent), and 10 of the 25 patients who received furosemide (40 percent, P = 0.02 for the comparison with the saline group alone). There was no significant difference between the mannitol and furosemide groups. When the prehydration serum creatinine concentration was used to estimate the incidence of radiocontrast-induced increases in serum creatinine, there was still a significant difference between the saline group and the furosemide group (7 percent and 32 percent, respectively; P = 0.02). Increases in the serum creatinine concentration were not limited to patients with the most severe chronic renal insufficiency. When patients with serum creatinine concentrations of at least 3.0 mg per deciliter (265 μmol per liter) before hydration were excluded from the analysis, the pattern of radiocontrast-induced increases in serum creatinine among the groups was similar: 4 percent in the saline group, 24 percent in the mannitol group, and 35 percent in the furosemide group had such increases (P = 0.02 for the comparison of the furosemide group with the saline group).

The changes in weight 24 hours after angiography were similar in all three groups (Table 3Table 3Measures of Volume Status in the Three Treatment Groups.). The three groups also did not differ significantly in the ratio of blood urea nitrogen to serum creatinine, total urinary output, or urinary sodium excretion during the initial 24 hours after angiography. These results suggest that extracellular volume depletion, potentially caused by mannitol or furosemide, did not contribute to the higher incidence of acute radiocontrast-induced decreases in renal function in these two groups.

In each treatment group, the incidence of increases in serum creatinine was slightly but not significantly higher in the diabetic than in the nondiabetic patients (Table 4Table 4Incidence of Acute Radiocontrast-Induced Renal Dysfunction, According to Treatment Group, Diabetic Status, and Need for Therapy with Calcium-Channel Antagonists.). There were no significant differences in the incidence of decreased renal function between patients who received calcium-channel antagonists and those who did not receive them in any treatment group.

In patients who had increases in the serum creatinine concentration, the peak response was on day 4, and it was still above the prehydration level on day 7. Although only one patient (in the furosemide group) required dialysis, the average length of hospitalization for all patients with radiocontrast-induced acute renal dysfunction was increased by four days.

There were too few cases of radiocontrast-induced increases in the serum creatinine concentration to analyze the effect of radiocontrast agents independently of treatment group. For each of the three radiocontrast agents used in this study, more of the patients who were treated with furosemide had acute renal dysfunction than did saline-treated patients. There were no differences when non-ionic and ionic radiocontrast agents were compared with respect to the incidence of acute renal dysfunction.

Discussion

Angiography remains an important cause of hospital-acquired acute renal insufficiency. In previous studies, the incidence varied from 0 to 90 percent depending on the group studied. We chose to study patients with chronic renal insufficiency, many of whom also had diabetes, because they are generally considered to be at greatest risk for renal insufficiency induced by radiocontrast agents8-16.

We defined an acute radiocontrast-induced decrease in renal function as an increase of at least 0.5 mg per deciliter in the serum creatinine concentration within 48 hours after the administration of radiocontrast agents. Through a questionnaire sent to attending physicians before the study, we asked them to specify the minimal change in the serum creatinine concentration after the administration of radiocontrast agents that would lead to a delay in elective surgery or a follow-up procedure and thus, presumably, increase the length of hospitalization. Eighty percent of the 84 respondents reported that an increase of 0.5 mg per deciliter after angiography would cause them to delay an elective procedure. Thus, this value represented a clinically important adverse event.

The most important finding of this study is that hydration with 0.45 percent saline alone was associated with the lowest incidence of radiocontrast-induced acute renal dysfunction in the patients studied. Only 11 percent of the patients who received saline alone had such a decrease in renal function. This value is less than that reported for similar patients in most previous studies8,11,14,15,17-22. In only one other study involving patients undergoing cardiac angiography was the incidence as low, and the hydration protocol in that study was similar to the saline treatment in our study14. Other studies have also supported the efficacy of hydration in preventing radiocontrast-induced renal dysfunction. Among 518 patients with a mean serum creatinine concentration of 1.9 mg per deciliter (168 μmol per liter) who were undergoing cardiac angiography, 76 had radiocontrast-induced renal dysfunction (defined as in our study). The only significant differences between these patients and a matched group of 82 patients with no changes in renal function were the volume of radiocontrast agent given, the diastolic pressure before angiography, and the frequency of hydration in the previous 24 hours23. In an uncontrolled study of 25 patients with chronic renal insufficiency (serum creatinine concentration, >1.8 mg per deciliter [159 μmol per liter]), no patient who received 550 ml of 0.9 percent saline per hour during a variety of angiographic procedures had radiocontrast-induced renal dysfunction24. Among 18 patients with serum creatinine values above 1.7 mg per deciliter (150 μmol per liter) who were randomly assigned to receive hydration (3000 ml total) or hydration plus furosemide (110 mg intravenously), the group receiving hydration alone had no change in the serum creatinine concentration at 24 hours whereas the group receiving furosemide had an increase25. In another group of patients (mean serum creatinine concentration, 2.5 mg per deciliter [222 μmol per liter]), saline reduced the incidence of radiocontrast-induced renal dysfunction in those who had diabetes but not in those without diabetes26. The incidence of acute renal dysfunction was 40 percent in the saline-treated group, which was similar to that in the furosemide-treated patients in our study.

Mannitol has been recommended for the prevention of radiocontrast-induced acute renal dysfunction because of its efficacy in preventing or reducing the severity of ischemic renal insufficiency in humans27,28. In uncontrolled studies, mannitol protected against such renal dysfunction in patients with chronic renal insufficiency who were undergoing angiography. In one study of patients with a mean serum creatinine concentration of 4.1 mg per deciliter (362 μmol per liter), 22 percent of 37 patients given saline and 50 g of mannitol had radiocontrast-induced renal dysfunction, as compared with 70 percent of historical controls given saline alone29. In a prospective, randomized trial of 24 patients (mean serum creatinine concentration, 2.2 mg per deciliter [194 μmol per liter]) who were undergoing a mixed group of angiographic procedures, the infusion of 25 g of mannitol immediately after the administration of radiocontrast agents was beneficial, especially in those with diabetes30. Another study found no cases of radiocontrast-induced renal insufficiency in nondiabetic patients given an infusion of 30 g of mannitol during angiography26. We found no evidence that mannitol was beneficial in either diabetic or nondiabetic patients. Finally, in another prospective trial of 60 patients with a mean serum creatinine concentration of 4.2 mg per deciliter (371 μmol per liter), an infusion of 25 g of mannitol immediately after angiography did not prevent radiocontrast-induced renal dysfunction31.

The use of furosemide for the prevention of radiocontrast-induced renal dysfunction is also controversial. In an uncontrolled study of 17 patients with a mean serum creatinine concentration of 4.0 mg per deciliter (354 μmol per liter) who were given furosemide after infusion pyelography, the incidence of such renal dysfunction was only 18 percent, as compared with 70 percent in a group of historical controls32. No cases were reported in another uncontrolled study in which the patients received hydration and various doses of furosemide to maintain a urinary output of 300 ml per hour33. However, in a prospective, randomized study of 18 patients with chronic renal insufficiency, pretreatment with furosemide (1.5 mg per kilogram 30 minutes before the administration of radiocontrast agents) was associated with a greater increase in serum creatinine at 24 hours than was hydration alone25.

We found that neither mannitol nor furosemide offered additional protection against acute radiocontrast-induced decreases in renal function as compared with saline hydration alone in either diabetic or nondiabetic patients. The significantly higher incidence in the furosemide group is provocative but unexplained. On the basis of data obtained during the 24 hours after the administration of the radiocontrast agents, furosemide did not induce volume depletion. Indeed, furosemide was associated with a significantly greater increase in the serum creatinine concentration at 24 hours even in patients who gained weight. However, since furosemide was given 30 minutes before the administration of radiocontrast agents, it may have caused systemic or renal hemodynamic changes that exacerbated those produced by the radiocontrast agent itself. For example, a decrease in cortical vascular resistance could divert blood from the medullary circulation. In concert with radiocontrast-induced renal vasoconstriction, this may produce a critical reduction in oxygen tension in the medullary nephrons, resulting in ischemic injury.

In conclusion, we found that hydration with 0.45 percent saline for 12 hours before and 12 hours after the administration of radiocontrast agents was the most effective means of preventing acute decreases in renal function in patients with chronic renal insufficiency with or without diabetes mellitus. Neither mannitol nor furosemide offered any additional benefit when added to this hydration protocol.

Presented at the 25th Annual Meeting of the American Society of Nephrology, Baltimore, November 15-18, 1992.

Supported by a grant from the Extramural Grant Program of Baxter HealthCare Corporation.

Source Information

From New England Deaconess Hospital, Joslin Diabetes Center, and Harvard Medical School -- all in Boston.

Address reprint requests to Dr. Solomon at Joslin Diabetes Center, 1 Joslin Pl., Boston, MA 02215.

References

References

1. 1

   Menashe PI, Ross SA, Gottlieb JE. Acquired renal insufficiency in critically ill patients. Crit Care Med 1988;16:1106-1109
   CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline

2. 2

   Hou SH, Bushinsky DA, Wish JB, Cohen JJ, Harrington JT. Hospital-acquired renal insufficiency: a prospective study. Am J Med 1983;74:243-248
   CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline

3. 3

   Levy EM, Viscoli CM, Horwitz RI. Unexpectedly high mortality in contrast nephropathy. J Am Soc Nephrol 1993;4:319A-319A abstract.
   

4. 4

   Perneger TV, Whelton PK, Klag MJ. Exposure to radiocontrast media and risk of end-stage renal disease. J Am Soc Nephrol 1993;4:256A-256A abstract.
   

5. 5

   Heyman SN, Brezis M, Epstein FH, Spokes K, Silva P, Rosen S. Early renal medullary hypoxic injury from radiocontrast and indomethacin. Kidney Int 1991;40:632-642
   CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline

6. 6

   Berns AS. Nephrotoxicity of contrast media. Kidney Int 1989;36:730-740
   CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline

7. 7

   Cockcroft DW, Gault MH. Prediction of creatinine clearance from serum creatinine. Nephron 1976;16:31-41
   CrossRef | Medline

8. 8

   Manske CL, Sprafka JM, Strony JT, Wang Y. Contrast nephropathy in azotemic diabetic patients undergoing coronary angiography. Am J Med 1990;89:615-620
   CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline

9. 9

   Rich MW, Crecelius CA. Incidence, risk factors, and clinical course of acute renal insufficiency after cardiac catheterization in patients 70 years of age or older: a prospective study. Arch Intern Med 1990;150:1237-1242
   CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline

10. 10

    Swartz RD, Rubin JE, Leeming BW, Silva P. Renal failure following major angiography. Am J Med 1978;65:31-37
    CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline

11. 11

    Taliercio CP, Vlietstra RE, Fisher LD, Burnett JD. Risks for renal dysfunction with cardiac angiography. Ann Intern Med 1986;104:501-504
    Web of Science | Medline

12. 12

    Lautin EM, Freeman NJ, Schoenfeld AH, et al. Radiocontrast-associated renal dysfunction: incidence and risk factors. Am J Roentgenol 1991;157:49-58
    Web of Science | Medline

13. 13

    Gussenhoven MJ, Ravensbergen J, van Bockel JH, Feuth JD, Aarts JC. Renal dysfunction after angiography: a risk factor analysis in patients with peripheral vascular disease. J Cardiovasc Surg (Torino) 1991;32:81-86
    Web of Science | Medline

14. 14

    Davidson CJ, Hlatky M, Morris KG, et al. Cardiovascular and renal toxicity of a nonionic radiographic contrast agent after cardiac catheterization: a prospective trial. Ann Intern Med 1989;110:119-124
    Web of Science | Medline

15. 15

    D'Elia JA, Gleason RE, Alday M, et al. Nephrotoxicity from angiographic contrast material: a prospective study. Am J Med 1982;72:719-725
    CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline

16. 16

    Porter GA. Contrast-associated nephropathy. Am J Cardiol 1989;64:22E-26E
    CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline

17. 17

    Barrett BJ, Parfrey PS, Vavasour HM, et al. Contrast nephropathy in patients with impaired renal function: high versus low osmolar media. Kidney Int 1992;41:1274-1279
    CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline

18. 18

    Gomes AS, Lois JF, Baker JD, McGlade CT, Bunnell DH, Hartzman S. Acute renal dysfunction in high-risk patients after angiography: comparison of ionic and nonionic contrast media. Radiology 1989;170:65-68
    Web of Science | Medline

19. 19

    Martin-Paredero V, Dixon SM, Baker JD, et al. Risk of renal failure after major angiography. Arch Surg 1983;118:1417-1420
    Web of Science | Medline

20. 20

    Mason RA, Arbeit LA, Giron F. Renal dysfunction after arteriography. JAMA 1985;253:1001-1004
    CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline

21. 21

    Nora N, Berns AS. Renal failure following cardiac angiography: a prospective study of diatrizoate and iopamidol. Kidney Int 1989;35:414-414 abstract.
    Web of Science

22. 22

    Weinrauch LA, Healy RW, Leland OS Jr, et al. Coronary angiography and acute renal failure in diabetic azotemic nephropathy. Ann Intern Med 1977;86:56-59
    Web of Science | Medline

23. 23

    Brown RS, Ransil B, Clark BA. Prehydration protects against contrast nephropathy in high risk patients undergoing cardiac catheterization. J Am Soc Nephrol 1990;1:330A-330A abstract.
    

24. 24

    Eisenberg RL, Bank WO, Hedgcock MW. Renal failure after major angiography. Am J Med 1980;68:43-46
    CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline

25. 25

    Weinstein JM, Heyman S, Brezis M. Potential deleterious effect of furosemide in radiocontrast nephropathy. Nephron 1992;62:413-415
    CrossRef | Medline

26. 26

    Weisberg LS, Kurnik PB, Kurnik BRC. Risk of radiocontrast nephropathy in patients with and without diabetes mellitus. Kidney Int 1994;45:259-265
    CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline

27. 27

    Cronin RE, Erickson AM, de Torrente A, McDonald KM, Schrier RW. Norepinephrine-induced acute renal failure: a reversible ischemic model of acute renal failure. Kidney Int 1978;14:187-190
    CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline

28. 28

    Morris CR, Alexander EA, Bruns FJ, Levinsky NG. Restoration and maintenance of glomerular filtration by mannitol during hypoperfusion of the kidney. J Clin Invest 1972;51:1555-1564
    CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline

29. 29

    Anto HR, Chou S-Y, Porush JG, Shapiro WB. Infusion intravenous pyelography and renal function: effects of hypertonic mannitol in patients with chronic renal insufficiency. Arch Intern Med 1981;141:1652-1656
    CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline

30. 30

    Old CW, Durate CM, Lahrner LM, Henry AR, Sinnott RC. A prospective evaluation of mannitol in the prevention of radiocontrast acute renal failure. Clin Res 1981;29:470A-470A abstract.
    

31. 31

    Vosnides G, Kalogeropoulos V, Spanos H, et al. Radiocontrast-induced deterioration of renal function in patients with chronic renal failure. In: Abstracts of the 8th International Congress of Nephrology, Athens, June 7-12, 1981. Basel, Switzerland: Karger, 1981:306. abstract.
    

32. 32

    Oguagha C, Porush JG, Chou SY, Anto H, Shapiro WB, Faubert PF. Prevention of acute renal failure (ARF) following infusion intravenous pyelography (IVP) in patients with chronic renal insufficiency (CRI) by furosemide (F). In: Abstracts of the 8th International Congress of Nephrology, Athens, June 7-12, 1981. Basel, Switzerland: Karger, 1981:290. abstract.
    

33. 33

    Beroniade VC. Prevention of acute renal failure secondary to radiocontrast agents. In: Abstracts of the 8th International Congress of Nephrology, Athens, June 7-12, 1981. Basel, Switzerland: Karger, 1981:380. abstract.
    

Citing Articles (350)

Citing Articles

1. 1

   Glenn N. Levine, Eric R. Bates, James C. Blankenship, Steven R. Bailey, John A. Bittl, Bojan Cercek, Charles E. Chambers, Stephen G. Ellis, Robert A. Guyton, Steven M. Hollenberg, Umesh N. Khot, Richard A. Lange, Laura Mauri, Roxana Mehran, Issam D. Moussa, Debabrata Mukherjee, Brahmajee K. Nallamothu, Henry H. Ting, Alice K. Jacobs, Jeffrey L. Anderson, Nancy Albert, Mark A. Creager, Steven M. Ettinger, Robert A. Guyton, Jonathan L. Halperin, Judith S. Hochman, Frederick G. Kushner, E. Magnus Ohman, William Stevenson, Clyde W. Yancy. (2012) 2011 ACCF/AHA/SCAI guideline for percutaneous coronary intervention: Executive Summary. Catheterization and Cardiovascular Interventions 79:3, 453-495
   CrossRef

2. 2

   Alexandre Lautrette, Anne-Élisabeth Heng, Dominique Jaubert, Ali Ait Hssain, Patrice Deteix, Bertrand Souweine. (2012) Insuffisance rénale aiguë du sujet âgé. Néphrologie & Thérapeutique 8:1, 57-62
   CrossRef

3. 3

   W. Golder. (2012) Kombinierter zeitnaher Einsatz jod- und gadoliniumhaltiger Kontrastmittel in der diagnostischen und interventionellen Radiologie. Der Radiologe
   CrossRef

4. 4

   E. Seeliger, M. Sendeski, C. S. Rihal, P. B. Persson. (2012) Contrast-induced kidney injury: mechanisms, risk factors, and prevention. European Heart Journal
   CrossRef

5. 5

   T. Klima, A. Christ, I. Marana, S. Kalbermatter, H. Uthoff, E. Burri, S. Hartwiger, C. Schindler, T. Breidthardt, G. Marenzi, C. Mueller. (2012) Sodium chloride vs. sodium bicarbonate for the prevention of contrast medium-induced nephropathy: a randomized controlled trial. European Heart Journal
   CrossRef

6. 6

   Giancarlo Marenzi, Cristina Ferrari, Ivana Marana, Emilio Assanelli, Monica De Metrio, Giovanni Teruzzi, Fabrizio Veglia, Franco Fabbiocchi, Piero Montorsi, Antonio L. Bartorelli. (2012) Prevention of Contrast Nephropathy by Furosemide With Matched Hydration. JACC: Cardiovascular Interventions 5:1, 90-97
   CrossRef

7. 7

   Hitinder S. Gurm, Dean E. Smith, Otavio Berwanger, David Share, Theodore Schreiber, Mauro Moscucci, Brahmajee K. Nallamothu. (2012) Contemporary Use and Effectiveness of N-Acetylcysteine in Preventing Contrast-Induced Nephropathy Among Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention. JACC: Cardiovascular Interventions 5:1, 98-104
   CrossRef

8. 8

   Carlo Briguori. (2012) Renalguard system: A dedicated device to prevent contrast-induced acute kidney injury. International Journal of Cardiology
   CrossRef

9. 9

   Alice M. Mitchell, Jeffrey A. Kline. (2012) In Reply. Academic Emergency Medicine 19:1, 111-112
   CrossRef

10. 10

    Anupama Kaul. (2012) Contrast-induced acute kidney injury. Clinical Queries: Nephrology 1:1, 34-41
    CrossRef

11. 11

    S. Ehrmann, O. Pajot, K. Lakhal. (2011) Néphropathie induite par les produits de contraste iodés en réanimation. Réanimation
    CrossRef

12. 12

    G. Bossard, P. Bourgoin, J. J. Corbeau, J. Huntzinger, L. Beydon. (2011) Early detection of postoperative acute kidney injury by Doppler renal resistive index in cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. British Journal of Anaesthesia 107:6, 891-898
    CrossRef

13. 13

    Michael Joannidis, Christian J. Wiedermann. (2011) Radiocontrast-induced acute kidney injury in the ICU: worse than presumed?. Intensive Care Medicine 37:12, 1904-1906
    CrossRef

14. 14

    Jean-Francois Dorval, Simon R. Dixon, Richard B. Zelman, Charles J. Davidson, Robert Rudko, Frederic S. Resnic. (2011) Feasibility study of the RenalGuard™ balanced hydration system: A novel strategy for the prevention of contrast-induced nephropathy in high risk patients. International Journal of Cardiology
    CrossRef

15. 15

    Sagar U. Nigwekar, Sushrut S. Waikar. (2011) Diuretics in Acute Kidney Injury. Seminars in Nephrology 31:6, 523-534
    CrossRef

16. 16

    Glenn N. Levine, Eric R. Bates, James C. Blankenship, Steven R. Bailey, John A. Bittl, Bojan Cercek, Charles E. Chambers, Stephen G. Ellis, Robert A. Guyton, Steven M. Hollenberg, Umesh N. Khot, Richard A. Lange, Laura Mauri, Roxana Mehran, Issam D. Moussa, Debabrata Mukherjee, Brahmajee K. Nallamothu, Henry H. Ting. (2011) 2011 ACCF/AHA/SCAI Guideline for Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: Executive Summary. Journal of the American College of Cardiology
    CrossRef

17. 17

    Glenn N. Levine, Eric R. Bates, James C. Blankenship, Steven R. Bailey, John A. Bittl, Bojan Cercek, Charles E. Chambers, Stephen G. Ellis, Robert A. Guyton, Steven M. Hollenberg, Umesh N. Khot, Richard A. Lange, Laura Mauri, Roxana Mehran, Issam D. Moussa, Debabrata Mukherjee, Brahmajee K. Nallamothu, Henry H. Ting. (2011) 2011 ACCF/AHA/SCAI Guideline for Percutaneous Coronary Intervention. Journal of the American College of Cardiology
    CrossRef

18. 18

    Kazuhiro Kitajima, Tetsuo Maeda, Sanae Watanabe, Kazuro Sugimura. (2011) Recent issues in contrast-induced nephropathy. International Journal of Urology 18:10, 686-690
    CrossRef

19. 19

    Hyun Seop Cho, Jong Woo Seo, Yeojin Kang, Eun Jin Bae, Hyun-Jung Kim, Se-Ho Chang, Dong Jun Park. (2011) Incidence and risk factors for radiocontrast-induced nephropathy in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma undergoing transcatheter arterial chemoembolization. Clinical and Experimental Nephrology 15:5, 714-719
    CrossRef

20. 20

    (2011) The Tumor Lysis Syndrome. New England Journal of Medicine 365:6, 571-574
    Full Text

21. 21

    Hitinder S. Gurm, Simon R. Dixon, Dean E. Smith, David Share, Thomas LaLonde, Adam Greenbaum, Mauro Moscucci. (2011) Renal Function-Based Contrast Dosing to Define Safe Limits of Radiographic Contrast Media in Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Interventions. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 58:9, 907-914
    CrossRef

22. 22

    John H. Rundback, Daniel Nahl, Vanessa Yoo. (2011) Contrast-induced nephropathy. Journal of Vascular Surgery 54:2, 575-579
    CrossRef

23. 23

    K. D. Kjaergaard, J. D. Jensen, C. D. Peters, B. Jespersen. (2011) Preserving residual renal function in dialysis patients: an update on evidence to assist clinical decision making. NDT Plus 4:4, 225-230
    CrossRef

24. 24

    Amy L. Butler. (2011) Goal-Directed Therapy in Small Animal Critical Illness. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice 41:4, 817-838
    CrossRef

25. 25

    Philip Ching Yat Wong, Zicheng Li, Jun Guo, Aidong Zhang. (2011) Pathophysiology of contrast-induced nephropathy. International Journal of Cardiology
    CrossRef

26. 26

    Harriet O. Smith, Lejla Delic. 2011. Postoperative Surveillance and Perioperative Prophylaxis. , 161-234.
    CrossRef

27. 27

    Fuat H. Saner, Vito R. Cicinnati, Georgios Sotiropoulos, Susanne Beckebaum. (2011) Strategies to prevent or reduce acute and chronic kidney injury in liver transplantation. Liver Internationalno-no
    CrossRef

28. 28

    Steven D. Weisbord, Paul M. Palevsky. (2011) Contrast-Induced Acute Kidney Injury: Short- and Long-Term Implications. Seminars in Nephrology 31:3, 300-309
    CrossRef

29. 29

    R. Scott Wright, Jeffrey L. Anderson, Cynthia D. Adams, Charles R. Bridges, Donald E. Casey, Steven M. Ettinger, Francis M. Fesmire, Theodore G. Ganiats, Hani Jneid, A. Michael Lincoff, Eric D. Peterson, George J. Philippides, Pierre Theroux, Nanette K. Wenger, James Patrick Zidar. (2011) 2011 ACCF/AHA Focused Update of the Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Unstable Angina/Non–ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (Updating the 2007 Guideline). Journal of the American College of Cardiology 57:19, 1920-1959
    CrossRef

30. 30

    L. Zhang, L. Zhang, Y. Lu, B. Wu, S. Zhang, H. Jiang, J. Ge, H. Chen. (2011) Efficacy of statin pretreatment for the prevention of contrast-induced nephropathy: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. International Journal of Clinical Practice 65:5, 624-630
    CrossRef

31. 31

    Carlo Briguori. 2011. Renal Insufficiency and the Impact of Contrast Agents. , 464-475.
    CrossRef

32. 32

    Carlo Briguori, Gabriella Visconti, Bruno Ricciardelli, Gerolama Condorelli. (2011) Renal insufficiency following contrast media administration trial II (REMEDIAL II): RenalGuard system in high-risk patients for contrast-induced acute kidney injury: rationale and design. EuroIntervention 6:9, 1117-1122
    CrossRef

33. 33

    Kalpesh Patel, Christopher A. King, Ion S. Jovin. (2011) Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and their effects on contrast-induced nephropathy after cardiac catheterization or percutaneous coronary intervention. Cardiovascular Revascularization Medicine 12:2, 90-93
    CrossRef

34. 34

    Á. Plaza Martínez, S. Carrera Díaz, M.I. Alonso Álvarez, J.R. Escudero, C. Vaquero Puerta, M.A. Cairols Castellote, V. Riambau, I. Lojo Rocamonde, V. Gutiérrez Alonso. (2011) Tratamiento endovascular de la patología obstructiva aortoiliaca. Angiología 63:2, 75-94
    CrossRef

35. 35

    C. Erley. (2011) Prävention der Kontrastmittelnephropathie. Der Nephrologe 6:2, 128-134
    CrossRef

36. 36

    Paolo Calabrò, Renatomaria Bianchi, Mario Crisci, Mario Caprile, Maurizio Cappelli Bigazzi, Rosalinda Palmieri, Enrica Golia, Anna Vita, Ilaria Jane Romano, Giuseppe Limongelli, Maria Giovanna Russo, Raffaele Calabrò. (2011) Use and efficacy of saline hydration and N-acetyl cysteine to prevent contrast-induced nephropathy in low-risk populations undergoing coronary artery angiography. Internal and Emergency Medicine
    CrossRef

37. 37

    Glenn N. Levine, Eric R. Bates, James C. Blankenship, Steven R. Bailey, John A. Bittl, Bojan Cercek, Charles E. Chambers, Stephen G. Ellis, Robert A. Guyton, Steven M. Hollenberg, Umesh N. Khot, Richard A. Lange, Laura Mauri, Roxana Mehran, Issam D. Moussa, Debabrata Mukherjee, Brahmajee K. Nallamothu, Henry H. Ting, Alice K. Jacobs, Jeffrey L. Anderson, Nancy Albert, Mark A. Creager, Steven M. Ettinger, Robert A. Guyton, Jonathan L. Halperin, Judith S. Hochman, Frederick G. Kushner, E. Magnus Ohman, William Stevenson, Clyde W. Yancy. (2011) 2011 ACCF/AHA/SCAI Guideline for Percutaneous Coronary Intervention. Catheterization and Cardiovascular Interventionsn/a-n/a
    CrossRef

38. 38

    Abdul Moiz Hafiz, M. Fuad Jan, Naoyo Mori, Fareed Shaikh, Jeffrey Wallach, Tanvir Bajwa, Suhail Allaqaband. (2011) Prevention of contrast-induced acute kidney injury in patients with stable chronic renal disease undergoing elective percutaneous coronary and peripheral interventions: Randomized comparison of two preventive strategies. Catheterization and Cardiovascular Interventionsn/a-n/a
    CrossRef

39. 39

    Seth J. Worley, Kenneth A. Ellenbogen. 2011. Interventional Techniques for Device Implantation. , 618-718.
    CrossRef

40. 40

    Joshua Broder. 2011. Imaging of Nontraumatic Abdominal Conditions. , 445-577.
    CrossRef

41. 41

    Sang-Ho Jo. (2011) N-acetylcysteine for Prevention of Contrast-Induced Nephropathy: A Narrative Review. Korean Circulation Journal 41:12, 695
    CrossRef

42. 42

    Nanette K. Wenger. (2011) 2011 ACCF/AHA Focused Update of the Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Unstable Angina/Non-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (Updating the 2007 Guideline): Highlights for the Clinician. Clinical Cardiologyn/a-n/a
    CrossRef

43. 43

    Douglas L. Blowey. 2011. Renal Pharmacology. , 1009-1015.
    CrossRef

44. 44

    E. Schönenberger, M. Mühler, M. Dewey. (2010) Komplikationen durch die Kontrastmittelgabe. Der Internist 51:12, 1516-1524
    CrossRef

45. 45

    , Masahiro Jinzaki, Kakuya Kitagawa, I-Chen Tsai, Carmen Chan, Wei Yu, Hwan Seok Yong, Byoung Wook Choi. (2010) ASCI 2010 contrast media guideline for cardiac imaging: a report of the Asian Society of Cardiovascular Imaging cardiac computed tomography and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging guideline working group. The International Journal of Cardiovascular Imaging 26:S2, 203-212
    CrossRef

46. 46

    Steven D Weisbord, Paul M Palevsky. (2010) Strategies for the prevention of contrast-induced acute kidney injury. Current Opinion in Nephrology and Hypertension 19:6, 539-549
    CrossRef

47. 47

    Wiktoria Lesniak, Malgorzata Bala, Wiktoria Lesniak. 2010. Contrast agents for preventing contrast-induced nephropathy. .
    CrossRef

48. 48

    Zheng Gang Bai, KeHu Yang, Jinhui Tian, Bin Ma, Yali Liu, Lei Jiang, Jiying Tan, Tian Xi Liu, Iris Chi, KeHu Yang. 2010. Bicarbonate versus lactate solutions for acute peritoneal dialysis. .
    CrossRef

49. 49

    Frank Pomposelli. (2010) Arterial imaging in patients with lower extremity ischemia and diabetes mellitus. Journal of Vascular Surgery 52:3, 81S-91S
    CrossRef

50. 50

    Tsuyoshi Nozue, Ichiro Michishita, Ichiro Mizuguchi. (2010) Predictive value of serum cystatin C, β2-microglobulin, and urinary liver-type fatty acid-binding protein on the development of contrast-induced nephropathy. Cardiovascular Intervention and Therapeutics 25:2, 85-90
    CrossRef

51. 51

    Daniela Kiski, Wibke Stepper, Günter Breithardt, Holger Reinecke. (2010) Impact of Female Gender on Frequency of Contrast Medium-Induced Nephropathy: Post Hoc Analysis of Dialysis Versus Diuresis Trial. Journal of Women's Health 19:7, 1363-1368
    CrossRef

52. 52

    Ulrich Kunzendorf, Michael Haase, Lars Rölver, Anja Haase-Fielitz. (2010) Novel Aspects of Pharmacological Therapies for Acute Renal Failure. Drugs 70:9, 1099-1114
    CrossRef

53. 53

    Mauro Maioli, Anna Toso, Michela Gallopin, Mario Leoncini, Delio Tedeschi, Carlo Micheletti, Francesco Bellandi. (2010) Preprocedural score for risk of contrast-induced nephropathy in elective coronary angiography and intervention. Journal of Cardiovascular Medicine 11:6, 444-449
    CrossRef

54. 54

    Stuart Murdoch. (2010) Prevention of acute kidney injury in the intensive care unit. Current Anaesthesia & Critical Care 21:2, 65-68
    CrossRef

55. 55

    Michael Joannidis, Wilfred Druml, Lui G. Forni, A. B. Johan Groeneveld, Patrick Honore, Heleen M. Oudemans-van Straaten, Claudio Ronco, Marie R. C. Schetz, Arend Jan Woittiez. (2010) Prevention of acute kidney injury and protection of renal function in the intensive care unit. Intensive Care Medicine 36:3, 392-411
    CrossRef

56. 56

    K. M. Ho, B. M. Power. (2010) Benefits and risks of furosemide in acute kidney injury. Anaesthesia 65:3, 283-293
    CrossRef

57. 57

    Adriano Caixeta, Roxana Mehran. (2010) Evidence-based management of patients undergoing PCI: Contrast-induced acute kidney injury. Catheterization and Cardiovascular Interventions 75:S1, S15-S20
    CrossRef

58. 58

    D. Kiski, W. Stepper, E. Brand, G. Breithardt, H. Reinecke. (2010) Impact of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone blockade by angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or AT-1 blockers on frequency of contrast medium-induced nephropathy: a post-hoc analysis from the Dialysis-versus-Diuresis (DVD) trial. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 25:3, 759-764
    CrossRef

59. 59

    Anna Kagan, David Sheikh-Hamad. (2010) Contrast-induced Kidney Injury: Focus on Modifiable Risk Factors and Prophylactic Strategies. Clinical Cardiology 33:2, 62-66
    CrossRef

60. 60

    ALESSANDRO MAUTONE, JEREMIAH R. BROWN. (2010) Contrast-Induced Nephropathy in Patients Undergoing Elective and Urgent Procedures. Journal of Interventional Cardiology 23:1, 78-85
    CrossRef

61. 61

    Robert E. Cronin. (2010) Contrast-induced nephropathy: pathogenesis and prevention. Pediatric Nephrology 25:2, 191-204
    CrossRef

62. 62

    Sana Shoukat, Saqib A. Gowani, Asif Jafferani, Sajid H. Dhakam. (2010) Contrast-Induced Nephropathy in Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention. Cardiology Research and Practice 2010, 1-12
    CrossRef

63. 63

    Samuel N Heyman, Christian Rosenberger, Seymour Rosen. (2010) Experimental ischemia–reperfusion: biases and myths—the proximal vs. distal hypoxic tubular injury debate revisited. Kidney International 77:1, 9-16
    CrossRef

64. 64

    ALESSANDRO MAUTONE, JEREMIAH R. BROWN. (2010) Contrast-Induced Nephropathy in Patients Undergoing Elective and Urgent Procedures. Journal of Interventional Cardiology
    CrossRef

65. 65

    Jeremiah R. Brown, Clay A. Block, David J. Malenka, Gerald T. O'Connor, Anton C. Schoolwerth, Craig A. Thompson. (2009) Sodium Bicarbonate Plus N-Acetylcysteine Prophylaxis. JACC: Cardiovascular Interventions 2:11, 1116-1124
    CrossRef

66. 66

    Mark Nunag, Maureen Brogan, Renee Garrick. (2009) Mitigating Contrast-Induced Acute Kidney Injury Associated With Cardiac Catheterization. Cardiology in Review 17:6, 263-269
    CrossRef

67. 67

    Sagar U Nigwekar, Sankar D Navaneethan, Chirag R Parikh, John K Hix, Sagar U Nigwekar. 2009. Atrial natriuretic peptide for preventing and treating acute kidney injury. .
    CrossRef

68. 68

    F. Ferrario, M. T. Barone, G. Landoni, A. Genderini, M. Heidemperger, M. Trezzi, E. Piccaluga, P. Danna, D. Scorza. (2009) Acetylcysteine and non-ionic isosmolar contrast-induced nephropathy--a randomized controlled study. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 24:10, 3103-3107
    CrossRef

69. 69

    Sumit R. Majumdar, Carl M. Kjellstrand, Wayne J. Tymchak, Marilou Hervas-Malo, Dylan A. Taylor, Koon K. Teo. (2009) Forced Euvolemic Diuresis With Mannitol and Furosemide for Prevention of Contrast-Induced Nephropathy in Patients With CKD Undergoing Coronary Angiography: A Randomized Controlled Trial. American Journal of Kidney Diseases 54:4, 602-609
    CrossRef

70. 70

    Bassam G. Abu Jawdeh, Abbas A. Kanso, Jeffrey R. Schelling. (2009) Evidence-based approach for prevention of radiocontrast-induced nephropathy. Journal of Hospital Medicine 4:8, 500-506
    CrossRef

71. 71

    Deepak Jasuja, Maria K. Mor, Kathryn C. Hartwig, Paul M. Palevsky, Michael J. Fine, Steven D. Weisbord. (2009) Provider Knowledge of Contrast-Induced Acute Kidney Injury. The American Journal of the Medical Sciences 338:4, 280-286
    CrossRef

72. 72

    Brendan J. Barrett. (2009) Contrast-Induced Nephropathy: We Need All the Data to Discern the Truth. American Journal of Kidney Diseases 54:4, 587-589
    CrossRef

73. 73

    Adriano Caixeta, Eugenia Nikolsky, Roxana Mehran. (2009) Prevention and treatment of contrast-associated nephropathy in interventional cardiology. Current Cardiology Reports 11:5, 377-383
    CrossRef

74. 74

    Mehmet Kanbay, Adrian Covic, Steven G. Coca, Faruk Turgut, Ali Akcay, Chirag R. Parikh. (2009) Sodium bicarbonate for the prevention of contrast-induced nephropathy: a meta-analysis of 17 randomized trials. International Urology and Nephrology 41:3, 617-627
    CrossRef

75. 75

    James H. Ellis, Richard H. Cohan. (2009) Prevention of Contrast-Induced Nephropathy: An Overview. Radiologic Clinics of North America 47:5, 801-811
    CrossRef

76. 76

    U. Jaschinski, M. Lichtwarck-Aschoff. (2009) Akute perioperative Störungen der Nierenfunktion. Der Anaesthesist 58:8, 829-849
    CrossRef

77. 77

    Annapoorna S. Kini, Kunal Sarkar, Oana C. Rafael, Madhavi Jakkula, Dheeraj Kaplish, Paul Lee, Javed Suleman, Prakash Krishnan, Michael C. Kim, Samin K. Sharma. (2009) Serum creatinine ratio: A novel predictor of mortality after percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with normal and abnormal renal function. Catheterization and Cardiovascular Interventions 74:1, 49-55
    CrossRef

78. 78

    CEZAR S. STANILOAE, SERGE DOUCET, SAMIN K. SHARMA, RICHARD E. KATHOLI, KANIKA R. MODY, JOHN T. COPPOLA, RICHARD SOLOMON. (2009) N -Acetylcysteine Added to Volume Expansion with Sodium Bicarbonate Does Not Further Prevent Contrast-Induced Nephropathy: Results from the Cardiac Angiography in Renally Impaired Patients Study. Journal of Interventional Cardiology 22:3, 261-265
    CrossRef

79. 79

    Michael Haase, Anja Haase-Fielitz. (2009) Ill effects of sodium chloride. Critical Care Medicine 37:6, 2140
    CrossRef

80. 80

    Yeon-Sang Ji, Kyung-Rae Dong, Chang-Bok Kim. (2009) Survey for Patient Satisfaction Rate & Patient Leading System Development through RFID and OCS Worklist Program Connection. The Journal of the Korea Contents Association 9:5, 197-205
    CrossRef

81. 81

    Gyeong-Mi Park, Young-Bong Kim. (2009) Integrated 3D Skin Color Model for Robust Skin Color Detection of Various Races. The Journal of the Korea Contents Association 9:5, 1-12
    CrossRef

82. 82

    Gaurav Jyoti Bansal, Michael Darby. (2009) Measurement of Change in Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate in Patients With Renal Insufficiency After Contrast-Enhanced Computed Tomography. Journal of Computer Assisted Tomography 33:3, 455-459
    CrossRef

83. 83

    Jeffrey C. Fink, Jeanine Brown, Van Doren Hsu, Stephen L. Seliger, Loreen Walker, Min Zhan. (2009) CKD as an Underrecognized Threat to Patient Safety. American Journal of Kidney Diseases 53:4, 681-688
    CrossRef

84. 84

    J. Roggenbach, C. Morath. (2009) Postoperatives Nierenversagen. Der Nephrologe 4:2, 118-127
    CrossRef

85. 85

    Prajej Ruangkanchanasetr, Suchada Rojanamethin, Anuchit Ruamthanthong, Amnart Chaiprasert, Thanom Supaporn. (2009) USE OF HIGH-DOSE GADOLINIUM AS CONTRAST MEDIA TO AVOID RADIOCONTRAST MEDIA-INDUCED NEPHROPATHY. Journal of Renal Care 35:1, 11-15
    CrossRef

86. 86

    Sang-Ho Jo, Bon-Kwon Koo, Jin-Shik Park, Hyun-Jae Kang, Yong-Jin Kim, Hack-Lyoung Kim, In-Ho Chae, Dong-Ju Choi, Dae-Won Sohn, Byung-Hee Oh, Young-Bae Park, Yun-Shik Choi, Hyo-Soo Kim. (2009) N-acetylcysteine versus AScorbic acid for Preventing contrast-Induced nephropathy in patients with renal insufficiency undergoing coronary angiography. American Heart Journal 157:3, 576-583
    CrossRef

87. 87

    Steven D. Weisbord, Maria K. Mor, Sunghee Kim, Kathryn C. Hartwig, Ali F. Sonel, Paul M. Palevsky, Michael J. Fine. (2009) Factors Associated with the Use of Preventive Care for Contrast-Induced Acute Kidney Injury. Journal of General Internal Medicine 24:3, 289-298
    CrossRef

88. 88

    Po-Tsang Lee, Kang-Ju Chou, Hua-Chang Fang. (2009) Preventing contrast-induced nephropathy in patients with baseline renal dysfunction undergoing coronary angiography. Current Treatment Options in Cardiovascular Medicine 11:1, 71-78
    CrossRef

89. 89

    G. Schieren, L.C. Rump. (2009) Kontrastmittel und Niereninsuffizienz. Der Nephrologe 4:1, 33-41
    CrossRef

90. 90

    C. P. Juergens, J. P. Winter, P. Nguyen-Do, S. Lo, J. K. French, H. Hallani, C. Fernandes, N. Jepson, D. Y. C. Leung. (2009) Nephrotoxic effects of iodixanol and iopromide in patients with abnormal renal function receiving N -acetylcysteine and hydration before coronary angiography and intervention: a randomized trial. Internal Medicine Journal 39:1, 25-31
    CrossRef

91. 91

    J. Radermacher. (2009) Diagnostik der Nierenarterienstenose. Der Nephrologe 4:1, 9-16
    CrossRef

92. 92

    Walter H. Hörl. (2009) Kontrastmittel-induzierte Nephropathie. Wiener klinische Wochenschrift 121:1-2, 15-32
    CrossRef

93. 93

    N. Lameire, W. van Biesen, E. Hoste, R. Vanholder. (2008) The prevention of acute kidney injury an in-depth narrative review: Part 2: Drugs in the prevention of acute kidney injury. NDT Plus 2:1, 1-10
    CrossRef

94. 94

    Kevin A Sterling, Tara Tehrani, Michael R Rudnick. (2008) Clinical significance and preventive strategies for contrast-induced nephropathy. Current Opinion in Nephrology and Hypertension 17:6, 616-623
    CrossRef

95. 95

    Mathew Zacharias, Niamh P Conlon, G Peter Herbison, Pal Sivalingam, Robert J Walker, Karen Hovhannisyan, Mathew Zacharias. 2008. Interventions for protecting renal function in the perioperative period. .
    CrossRef

96. 96

    N. Lameire, W. Van Biesen, E. Hoste, R. Vanholder. (2008) The prevention of acute kidney injury: an in-depth narrative review Part 1: volume resuscitation and avoidance of drug- and nephrotoxin-induced AKI. NDT Plus 1:6, 392-402
    CrossRef

97. 97

    J.J. Hopyan, D.J. Gladstone, G. Mallia, J. Schiff, A.J. Fox, S.P. Symons, B.H. Buck, S.E. Black, R.I. Aviv. (2008) Renal Safety of CT Angiography and Perfusion Imaging in the Emergency Evaluation of Acute Stroke. American Journal of Neuroradiology 29:10, 1826-1830
    CrossRef

98. 98

    Jordan L. Rosenstock, Robert Bruno, Jin K. Kim, Lev Lubarsky, Robert Schaller, Georgia Panagopoulos, Maria V. DeVita, Michael F. Michelis. (2008) The effect of withdrawal of ACE inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers prior to coronary angiography on the incidence of contrast-induced nephropathy. International Urology and Nephrology 40:3, 749-755
    CrossRef

99. 99

    Gebhard Wagener, Gina Gubitosa, Shuang Wang, Niels Borregaard, Mihwa Kim, H. Thomas Lee. (2008) Urinary Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin and Acute Kidney Injury After Cardiac Surgery. American Journal of Kidney Diseases 52:3, 425-433
    CrossRef

100. 100

     Mauro Maioli, Anna Toso, Mario Leoncini, Michela Gallopin, Delio Tedeschi, Carlo Micheletti, Francesco Bellandi. (2008) Sodium Bicarbonate Versus Saline for the Prevention of Contrast-Induced Nephropathy in Patients With Renal Dysfunction Undergoing Coronary Angiography or Intervention. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 52:8, 599-604
     CrossRef

101. 101

     M. C. Dickinson, P. C. A. Kam. (2008) Intravascular iodinated contrast media and the anaesthetist. Anaesthesia 63:6, 626-634
     CrossRef

102. 102

     A.C. Pichel, F. Serracino-Inglott. (2008) Anaesthetic considerations for endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair (EVAR). Current Anaesthesia & Critical Care 19:3, 150-162
     CrossRef

103. 103

     Antonia Hipp, Shoma Desai, Carmen Lopez, Rich Sinert. (2008) The incidence of contrast-induced nephropathy in trauma patients. European Journal of Emergency Medicine 15:3, 134-139
     CrossRef

104. 104

     Patricia Khalil, Preethi Murty, Paul M. Palevsky. (2008) The Patient with Acute Kidney Injury. Primary Care: Clinics in Office Practice 35:2, 239-264
     CrossRef

105. 105

     Kathy J. Hardiek, Richard E. Katholi, Randall S. Robbs, Charles E. Katholi. (2008) Renal effects of contrast media in diabetic patients undergoing diagnostic or interventional coronary angiography. Journal of Diabetes and its Complications 22:3, 171-177
     CrossRef

106. 106

     Desikan Kamalakannan, Rakesh Lattupalli, Nancy Mesiha, Michelle Ganoff, Susan Steigerwalt, Robert Provenzano, Quresh Khairullah, Howard Rosman. (2008) B-Natriuretic Peptide for the Prevention of Radiocontrast-Induced Nephropathy. Dialysis & Transplantation 37:5, 168-173
     CrossRef

107. 107

     Robert C. Brasch. (2008) Contrast media toxicity in children. Pediatric Radiology 38:S2, 281-284
     CrossRef

108. 108

     Ke Hu Yang, Zheng Gang Bai, Jin Hui Tian, Bin Ma, Ya Li Liu, Lei Jiang, Ji Ying Tan, Tian Xi Liu, Ke Hu Yang. 2008. Bicarbonate versus lactate solutions for acute peritoneal dialysis. .
     CrossRef

109. 109

     Andrea Lassnigg, Edith R. Schmid, Michael Hiesmayr, Christian Falk, Wilfred Druml, Peter Bauer, Daniel Schmidlin. (2008) Impact of minimal increases in serum creatinine on outcome in patients after cardiothoracic surgery: Do we have to revise current definitions of acute renal failure?*. Critical Care Medicine 36:4, 1129-1137
     CrossRef

110. 110

     Ramesh Venkataraman. (2008) Can we prevent acute kidney injury?. Critical Care Medicine 36:Suppl, S166-S171
     CrossRef

111. 111

     ANTONIO L. BARTORELLI, GIANCARLO MARENZI. (2008) Contrast-Induced Nephropathy. Journal of Interventional Cardiology 21:1, 74-85
     CrossRef

112. 112

     Lei Jiang, Ke Hu Yang, Deng Hai Mi, Ya Li Liu, Jin Hui Tian, Bin Ma, Zheng Gang Bai, Tian Xi Liu, Ji Ying Tan, Ke Hu Yang. 2008. Tidal peritoneal dialysis for acute renal failure. .
     CrossRef

113. 113

     Brendan J. Barrett, Patrick S. Parfrey. 2008. Contrast Nephropathy. , 41-46.
     CrossRef

114. 114

     Tereza Pucelikova, George Dangas, Roxana Mehran. (2008) Contrast-induced nephropathy. Catheterization and Cardiovascular Interventions 71:1, 62-72
     CrossRef

115. 115

     Mitra K. Nadim, Alan S.L. Yu. 2008. Diuretics in Acute Kidney Injury. , 35-40.
     CrossRef

116. 116

     David H. Ellison, Christopher S. Wilcox. 2008. Diuretic Use in Edema and the Problem of Resistance. , 388-411.
     CrossRef

117. 117

     Henrik S. Thomsen. (2007) Current evidence on prevention and management of contrast-induced nephropathy. European Radiology Supplements 17:S6, 33-37
     CrossRef

118. 118

     Sachin Kheterpal, Kevin K. Tremper, Michael J. Englesbe, Michael O’Reilly, Amy M. Shanks, Douglas M. Fetterman, Andrew L. Rosenberg, Richard D. Swartz. (2007) Predictors of Postoperative Acute Renal Failure after Noncardiac Surgery in Patients with Previously Normal Renal Function. Anesthesiology 107:6, 892-902
     CrossRef

119. 119

     Iyyapu Krishna Mohan, Narasimham Parinandi, Mahmood Khan, Vijay Kumar Kutala, Periannan Kuppusamy. 2007. Drug-Induced Nephrotoxicity Protection by Spirulina. , 153-175.
     CrossRef

120. 120

     (2007) Guía de Práctica Clínica para el diagnóstico y tratamiento del síndrome coronario agudo sin elevación del segmento ST. Revista Española de Cardiología 60:10, 1070.e1-1070.e80
     CrossRef

121. 121

     Jens T Van Praet, An S De Vriese. (2007) Prevention of contrast-induced nephropathy: a critical review. Current Opinion in Internal Medicine 6:5, 493-504
     CrossRef

122. 122

     Danny Del Duca, Sameena Iqbal, Elham Rahme, Peter Goldberg, Benoit de Varennes. (2007) Renal Failure After Cardiac Surgery: Timing of Cardiac Catheterization and Other Perioperative Risk Factors. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 84:4, 1264-1271
     CrossRef

123. 123

     Simona Detrenis, Michele Meschi, Maria del Mar Jordana Sanchez, Giorgio Savazzi. (2007) Contrast Medium Induced Nephropathy in Urological Practice. The Journal of Urology 178:4, 1164-1170
     CrossRef

124. 124

     Belén Marrón, Elisa Ruiz, Cristina Fernández, Pedro Almeida, Cristina Horcajada, Felipe Navarro, Carlos Caramelo. (2007) Efectos renales y sistémicos en la prevención de la nefrotoxicidad por contraste con sueros salino (0,9%) e hiposalino (0,45%). Revista Española de Cardiología 60:10, 1018-1025
     CrossRef

125. 125

     Paul Komenda, Nadia Zalunardo, Shelley Burnett, Janet Love, Christpher Buller, Paul Taylor, John Duncan, Ogjenenka Djurdjev, Adeera Levin. (2007) Conservative outpatient renoprotective protocol in patients with low GFR undergoing contrast angiography: a case series. Clinical and Experimental Nephrology 11:3, 209-213
     CrossRef

126. 126

     Po-Tsang Lee, Kang-Ju Chou, Chun-Peng Liu, Guang-Yuan Mar, Chien-Liang Chen, Chih-Yang Hsu, Hua-Chang Fang, Hsiao-Min Chung. (2007) Renal Protection for Coronary Angiography in Advanced Renal Failure Patients by Prophylactic Hemodialysis. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 50:11, 1015-1020
     CrossRef

127. 127

     C. Erley. (2007) Mit jodhaltigen Kontrastmitteln induzierte Nephropathie. Der Radiologe 47:9, 761-767
     CrossRef

128. 128

     Richard Sinert, Christopher I. Doty. (2007) Prevention of Contrast-Induced Nephropathy in the Emergency Department. Annals of Emergency Medicine 50:3, 335-345.e2
     CrossRef

129. 129

     Carlo Guastoni, Stefano De Servi, Marco DʼAmico. (2007) The role of dialysis in contrast-induced nephropathy: doubts and certainties. Journal of Cardiovascular Medicine 8:8, 549-557
     CrossRef

130. 130

     Sagar U Nigwekar, Sankar D Navaneethan, Giovanni FM Strippoli, Sagar U Nigwekar. 2007. Thyroxine for acute kidney injury. .
     CrossRef

131. 131

     Bharadwaj Cheruvu, Kathleen Henning, Janine Mulligan, Donald Klippenstein, David Lawrence, Lalit Gurtoo, Ronald H. Gottlieb. (2007) Iodixanol. Journal of Computer Assisted Tomography 31:4, 493-498
     CrossRef

132. 132

     Rajamalar A. Seyon, Louise A. Jensen, Ian A. Ferguson, Randall G. Williams. (2007) Efficacy of N-acetylcysteine and hydration versus placebo and hydration in decreasing contrast-induced renal dysfunction in patients undergoing coronary angiography with or without concomitant percutaneous coronary intervention. Heart & Lung: The Journal of Acute and Critical Care 36:3, 195-204
     CrossRef

133. 133

     Holger Reinecke, Manfred Fobker, Jürgen Wellmann, Birgit Becke, Jörn Fleiter, Christine Heitmeyer, Günter Breithardt, Hans-Werner Hense, Roland M. Schaefer. (2007) A randomized controlled trial comparing hydration therapy to additional hemodialysis or N-acetylcysteine for the prevention of contrast medium-induced nephropathy. Clinical Research in Cardiology 96:3, 130-139
     CrossRef

134. 134

     Bruno Scheller. (2007) How to protect from Contrast Media-induced nephropathy?. Clinical Research in Cardiology 96:3, 125-129
     CrossRef

135. 135

     (2007) References. American Journal of Kidney Diseases 49:2, S160-S179
     CrossRef

136. 136

     M. Hornberger. (2007) Stellenwert adjuvanter Therapien des akuten Nierenversagens. Clinical Research in Cardiology Supplements 2:S1, S108-S114
     CrossRef

137. 137

     Michael Gillham. 2007. Acute Renal Failure and Renal Support. , 481-494.
     CrossRef

138. 138

     Raven Goel, Jeffrey S. Berns. (2007) Summary and Comment: Can Continuous Venovenous Hemofiltration Prevent Contrast-Induced Nephropathy: Is the Dye Already Cast?. Seminars in Dialysis 20:1, 93-95
     CrossRef

139. 139

     Henrik S Thomsen. (2007) European Society of Urogenital Radiology guidelines on contrast media application. Current Opinion in Urology 17:1, 70-76
     CrossRef

140. 140

     Marc J. Schweiger, Charles E. Chambers, Charles J. Davidson, Shaoheng Zhang, James Blankenship, Narinder P. Bhalla, Peter C. Block, John P. Dervan, Christine Gasperetti, Lowell Gerber, Neal S. Kleiman, Ronald J. Krone, William J. Phillips, Robert M. Siegel, Barry F. Uretsky, Warren K. Laskey. (2007) Prevention of contrast induced nephropathy: Recommendations for the high risk patient undergoing cardiovascular procedures. Catheterization and Cardiovascular Interventions 69:1, 135-140
     CrossRef

141. 141

     Andrezza Sanches Garofalo, Fernanda Teixeira Borges, Maria Aparecida Dalboni, Oscar Fernando Pavão dos Santos. (2007) Reactive Oxygen Species Independent Cytotoxicity Induced by Radiocontrast Agents in Tubular Cells (LLC-PK1 and MDCK). Renal Failure 29:2, 121-131
     CrossRef

142. 142

     Michael F Wozniak, Glenn M LaMuraglia, Guido Musch. (2006) Anesthesia for Open Abdominal Aortic Surgery. International Anesthesiology Clinics 43:1, 61-78
     CrossRef

143. 143

     , G. Breithardt. (2006) Empfehlungen zur Diagnostik und Behandlung von Patienten mit koronarer Herzkrankheit und Niereninsuffizienz. Clinical Research in Cardiology Supplements 1:2, 103-117
     CrossRef

144. 144

     Hossein Khalili, Simin Dashti-Khavidaki, Hamed Tabifar, Nasrin Ahmadinejad, Farrokhlegha Ahmadi. (2006) N -acetylcysteine in the prevention of contrast agent-induced nephrotoxicity in patients undergoing computed tomography studies. Therapy 3:6, 773-777
     CrossRef

145. 145

     P Liss, P B Persson, P Hansell, B Lagerqvist. (2006) Renal failure in 57 925 patients undergoing coronary procedures using iso-osmolar or low-osmolar contrast media. Kidney International 70:10, 1811-1817
     CrossRef

146. 146

     Christian Rosenberger, Seymour Rosen, Samuel N Heyman. (2006) RENAL PARENCHYMAL OXYGENATION AND HYPOXIA ADAPTATION IN ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY. Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology 33:10, 980-988
     CrossRef

147. 147

     Serafina Valente, Chiara Lazzeri, Cristina Giglioli, Massimo Margheri, Marco Comeglio, Letizia Nicolaci, Tania Chechi, Gian Franco Gensini. (2006) Contrast-induced nephropathy in urgent coronary interventions. Journal of Cardiovascular Medicine 7:10, 737-741
     CrossRef

148. 148

     MARKUS MEYER, HAROLD L. DAUERMAN, STEPHEN P. BELL, MARTIN M. LEWINTER, DANIEL L. LUSTGARTEN. (2006) Coronary Venous Capture of Contrast during Angiography. Journal of Interventional Cardiology 19:5, 401-404
     CrossRef

149. 149

     , G. Breithardt. (2006) Empfehlungen zur Diagnostik und Behandlung von Patienten mit koronarer Herzkrankheit und Niereninsuffizienz. Clinical Research in Cardiology Supplements 1:1, 8-30
     CrossRef

150. 150

     A Holden, A Hill, M R Jaff, H Pilmore. (2006) Renal artery stent revascularization with embolic protection in patients with ischemic nephropathy. Kidney International 70:5, 948-955
     CrossRef

151. 151

     Stuart I. Myers, Li Wang, Fang Liu, Lori L. Bartula. (2006) Iodinated contrast induced renal vasoconstriction is due in part to the downregulation of renal cortical and medullary nitric oxide synthesis. Journal of Vascular Surgery 44:2, 383-391
     CrossRef

152. 152

     Katerina P. Marathias, Mary Vassili, Amalia Robola, Peter A. Alivizatos, George M. Palatianos, Stefanos Geroulanos, Demetrios V. Vlahakos. (2006) Preoperative Intravenous Hydration Confers Renoprotection in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease Undergoing Cardiac Surgery. Artificial Organs 30:8, 615-621
     CrossRef

153. 153

     Michele Meschi, Simona Detrenis, Sabrina Musini, Elena Strada, Giorgio Savazzi. (2006) Facts and fallacies concerning the prevention of contrast medium???induced nephropathy. Critical Care Medicine 34:8, 2060-2068
     CrossRef

154. 154

     Fadi N. Joudi, David M. Kuehn, Richard D. Williams. (2006) Maximizing Clinical Information Obtained by CT. Urologic Clinics of North America 33:3, 287-300
     CrossRef

155. 155

     K. Spargias, E. Adreanides, G. Giamouzis, S. Karagiannis, A. Gouziouta, A. Manginas, V. Voudris, G. Pavlides, D. V. Cokkinos. (2006) Iloprost for prevention of contrast-mediated nephropathy in high-risk patients undergoing a coronary procedure. Results of a randomized pilot study. European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 62:8, 589-595
     CrossRef

156. 156

     A. Jörres, R. Schindler. (2006) Stellenwert des Nephrologen in der Intensivmedizin. Der Nephrologe 1:2, 80-87
     CrossRef

157. 157

     Paul Gusbeth-Tatomir, Serban Ardeleanu, Adrian Covic. (2006) Is radiocontrast-induced nephropathy avoidable? The scientific evidence in 2006. Central European Journal of Medicine 1:2, 103-118
     CrossRef

158. 158

     Sagar U Nigwekar, John K Hix, Sagar U Nigwekar. 2006. Atrial natriuretic peptide for preventing and treating acute renal failure. .
     CrossRef

159. 159

     H. S. Thomsen, S. K. Morcos. (2006) ESUR guidelines on contrast media. Abdominal Imaging 31:2, 131-140
     CrossRef

160. 160

     M C Riella. (2006) Introduction. Kidney International 69, S1-S2
     CrossRef

161. 161

     C Erley. (2006) Concomitant drugs with exposure to contrast media. Kidney International 69, S20-S24
     CrossRef

162. 162

     H. P. Kierdorf. (2006) Sepsis und Akutes Nierenversagen. Intensivmedizin und Notfallmedizin 43:3, 175-188
     CrossRef

163. 163

     C Mueller. (2006) Prevention of contrast-induced nephropathy with volume supplementation. Kidney International 69, S16-S19
     CrossRef

164. 164

     C Briguori, G Marenzi. (2006) Contrast-induced nephropathy: Pharmacological prophylaxis. Kidney International 69, S30-S38
     CrossRef

165. 165

     Scott W. Klarenbach, Neesh Pannu, Marcello A. Tonelli, Braden J. Manns. (2006) Cost-effectiveness of hemofiltration to prevent contrast nephropathy in patients with chronic kidney disease. Critical Care Medicine 34:4, 1044-1051
     CrossRef

166. 166

     Farahnak Assadi. (2006) Acetazolamide for Prevention of Contrast-Induced Nephropathy: A New Use for an Old Drug. Pediatric Cardiology 27:2, 238-242
     CrossRef

167. 167

     K Kian, C Wyatt, D Schon, J Packer, J Vassalotti, R Mishler. (2006) Safety of low-dose radiocontrast for interventional AV fistula salvage in stage 4 chronic kidney disease patients. Kidney International
     CrossRef

168. 168

     Carlo Briguori, Antonio Colombo, Flavio Airoldi, Gloria Melzi, Iassen Michev, Mauro Carlino, Matteo Montorfano, Alaide Chieffo, Raimondo Bellanca, Bruno Ricciardelli. (2006) Gadolinium-based contrast agents and nephrotoxicity in patients undergoing coronary artery procedures. Catheterization and Cardiovascular Interventions 67:2, 175-180
     CrossRef

169. 169

     John A Kellum, Martine Leblanc, R T. Noel Gibney, James Tumlin, Wilfred Lieberthal, Claudio Ronco. (2006) Primary prevention of acute renal failure in the critically ill. Current Opinion in Internal Medicine 5:1, 74-78
     CrossRef

170. 170

     Barrett, Brendan J., Parfrey, Patrick S., . (2006) Preventing Nephropathy Induced by Contrast Medium. New England Journal of Medicine 354:4, 379-386
     Full Text

171. 171

     Dennis J. Chew, Jennifer A. Gieg. 2006. Fluid Therapy During Intrinsic Renal Failure. , 518-540.
     CrossRef

172. 172

     Maurizio Cereda, Jiri Horak, Patrick Neligan. 2006. Renal Diseases. , 229-260.
     CrossRef

173. 173

     Omer Toprak, Mustafa Cirit. (2006) Risk Factors and Therapy Strategies for Contrast-Induced Nephropathy. Renal Failure 28:5, 365-381
     CrossRef

174. 174

     Julie R. Fischer. 2006. Acute Ureteral Obstruction. , 379-387.
     CrossRef

175. 175

     Naofumi Ikeda, Shigeyuki Nishimura, Shunei Kyo, Nobuyuki Komiyama, Kazuo Matsumoto, Tsutomu Inoue, Hiromichi Suzuki. (2006) Valsartan Cardio-Renal Protection in Patients Undergoing Coronary Angiography Complicated With Chronic Renal Insufficiency (VAL-CARP) Trial. Circulation Journal 70:5, 548-552
     CrossRef

176. 176

     Yavuz Yenicerioglu, Osman Yilmaz, Sulen Sarioglu, Murat Ormen, Pinar Akan, Ali Celik, Taner Camsari. (2006) Effects of N-acetylcysteine on radiocontrast nephropathy in rats. Scandinavian Journal of Urology and Nephrology 40:1, 63-69
     CrossRef

177. 177

     Martine Leblanc, John A Kellum, R T. Noel Gibney, Wilfred Lieberthal, James Tumlin, Ravindra Mehta. (2005) Risk factors for acute renal failure: inherent and modifiable risks. Current Opinion in Critical Care 11:6, 533-536
     CrossRef

178. 178

     Rinaldo Bellomo, Joseph Bonventre, William Macias, Michael Pinsky. (2005) Management of early acute renal failure: focus on post-injury prevention. Current Opinion in Critical Care 11:6, 542-547
     CrossRef

179. 179

     RAINER SCHRADER. (2005) Contrast Material-Induced Renal Failure: An Overview. Journal of Interventional Cardiology 18:6, 417-423
     CrossRef

180. 180

     Eric Bawrrière. (2005) Quel traitement proposer dans la prévention de la néphropathie induite par les produits de contraste radiologiques chez les malades atteints de cirrhose ?. Gastroentérologie Clinique et Biologique 29:12, 1211-1212
     CrossRef

181. 181

     CARLO BRIGUORI, ANTONIO COLOMBO, FLAVIO AIROLDI, NUCCIA MORICI, GIUSEPPE MASSIMO SANGIORGI, ANNA VIOLANTE, AMELIA FOCACCIO, MATTEO MONTORFANO, MAURO CARLINO, GIANLUIGI CONDORELLI, BRUNO RICCIARDELLI. (2005) Nephrotoxicity of low-osmolality versus iso-osmolality contrast agents: Impact of N-acetylcysteine. Kidney International 68:5, 2250-2255
     CrossRef

182. 182

     Lorraine N. Tremblay, Homer Tien, Paul Hamilton, Fred D. Brenneman, Sandro B. Rizoli, Philip W. Sharkey, Peter Chu, Grace S. Rozycki. (2005) Risk and Benefit of Intravenous Contrast in Trauma Patients with an Elevated Serum Creatinine. The Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care1162-1167
     CrossRef

183. 183

     Tracey L. King, Mary Lou Sole. (2005) Preventing Renal Complications from the Use of Contrast Agents. AJN, American Journal of Nursing 105:11, 72AA-72EE
     CrossRef

184. 184

     RAJIV GUPTA, BARRY F. URETSKY. (2005) Gadodiamide-Based Coronary Angiography in a Patient with Severe Renal Insufficiency. Journal of Interventional Cardiology 18:5, 379-383
     CrossRef

185. 185

     Christoph R. Becker, Maximilian F. Reiser. (2005) Use of Iso-Osmolar Nonionic Dimeric Contrast Media in Multidetector Row Computed Tomography Angiography for Patients With Renal Impairment. Investigative Radiology 40:10, 672-675
     CrossRef

186. 186

     MING-YU LAI, CHIH-CHING LIN, WU-CHANG YANG. (2005) Postprocedural drop in hematocrit versus contrast-induced nephropathy: Eggs or chickens?. Kidney International 68:3, 1371-1372
     CrossRef

187. 187

     Andrew E. Briglia. (2005) Reviews: The Current State of Nonuremic Applications for Extracorporeal Blood Purification. Seminars in Dialysis 18:5, 380-390
     CrossRef

188. 188

     Stephen J. Shalansky, Thanh Vu, Gordon E. Pate, Adeera Levin, Karin H. Humphries, John G. Webb. (2005) N -acetylcysteine for Prevention of Radiographic Contrast Material–Induced Nephropathy: Is the Intravenous Route Best?. Pharmacotherapy 25:8, 1095-1103
     CrossRef

189. 189

     M Zacharias, ICS Gilmore, GP Herbison, P Sivalingam, RJ Walker, Mathew Zacharias. 2005. Interventions for protecting renal function in the perioperative period. .
     CrossRef

190. 190

     PONTUS B PERSSON, PETER HANSELL, PER LISS. (2005) Pathophysiology of contrast medium–induced nephropathy. Kidney International 68:1, 14-22
     CrossRef

191. 191

     Rory O'Hanlon, Donal N. Reddan. (2005) Treatment of Acute Coronary Syndromes in Patients Who Have Chronic Kidney Disease. Medical Clinics of North America 89:3, 563-585
     CrossRef

192. 192

     Arif Asif, Gautam Cherla, Donna Merrill, Cristian D. Cipleu, Jan Bijan Tawakol, David L. Epstein, Oliver Lenz. (2005) ASDIN Original Investigations: Venous Mapping Using Venography and the Risk of Radiocontrast-Induced Nephropathy. Seminars in Dialysis 18:3, 239-242
     CrossRef

193. 193

     Michael H. Duong, Todd A. MacKenzie, David J. Malenka. (2005) N-acetylcysteine prophylaxis significantly reduces the risk of radiocontrast-induced nephropathy: Comprehensive meta-analysis. Catheterization and Cardiovascular Interventions 64:4, 471-479
     CrossRef

194. 194

     Ramesh Venkataraman, John A Kellum. (2005) Acute renal failure in the critically ill. Current Opinion in Anaesthesiology 18:2, 117-122
     CrossRef

195. 195

     Peter A. McCullough, Sandeep S. Soman. (2005) Contrast-Induced Nephropathy. Critical Care Clinics 21:2, 261-280
     CrossRef

196. 196

     Ramesh Venkataraman. (2005) Prevention of Acute Renal Failure. Critical Care Clinics 21:2, 281-289
     CrossRef

197. 197

     Eugenia Nikolsky, Roxana Mehran, Zoran Lasic, Gary S. Mintz, Alexandra J. Lansky, Yingbo Na, Stuart Pocock, Manuela Negoita, Issam Moussa, Gregg W. Stone, Jeffrey W. Moses, Martin B. Leon, George Dangas. (2005) Low hematocrit predicts contrast-induced nephropathy after percutaneous coronary interventions. Kidney International 67:2, 706-713
     CrossRef

198. 198

     Raymond Liu, Deepu Nair, Joachim Ix, Dan H. Moore, Stephen Bent. (2005) N-Acetylcysteine for the Prevention of Contrast-induced Nephropathy. A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Journal of General Internal Medicine 20:2, 193-200
     CrossRef

199. 199

     C. M. Erley. (2005) Kontrastmittel-induzierte Nephropathie. Intensivmedizin + Notfallmedizin 42:1, 39-46
     CrossRef

200. 200

     Wiktoria Lesniak, Malgorzata Bala, Wiktoria Lesniak. 2005. Contrast agents for preventing contrast-induced nephropathy. .
     CrossRef

201. 201

     Mazen Elias, Suleiman Swae&rsquo;ed, Amir Shneor, Yoav Turgman, Walid Saliba, Lee H. Goldstein, Tiberio Rosenfeld. (2005) Serum Antioxidant Capacity and the Risk of Contrast Medium Nephropathy. Nephron Clinical Practice 99:1, c13-c17
     CrossRef

202. 202

     Chen-Rong Tsao, Wen-Lieng Lee, Tsun-Jui Liu, Ying-Tsung Chen, Chih-Tai Ting. (2005) Delicate Percutaneous Renal Artery Stenting Minimizes Postoperative Renal Injury and Protects Kidney in Patients With Severe Atherosclerotic Renal Artery Stenosis and Impaired Renal Function. International Heart Journal 46:6, 1061-1072
     CrossRef

203. 203

     Yoshinori Itoh, Takahisa Yano, Toshiaki Sendo, Ryozo Oishi. (2005) Clinical and Experimental Evidence for Prevention of Acute Renal Failure Induced by Radiographic Contrast Media. Journal of Pharmacological Sciences 97:4, 473-488
     CrossRef

204. 204

     Sameh K. Morcos. (2005) Prevention of Contrast Media–induced Nephrotoxicity after Angiographic Procedures. Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology 16:1, 13-23
     CrossRef

205. 205

     Sheikh Tawqeer Rashid, Mahmoud Salman, Fiona Myint, Daryll M. Baker, Surendra Agarwal, Paul Sweny, George Hamilton. (2004) Prevention of contrast-induced nephropathy in vascular patients undergoing angiography: A randomized controlled trial of intravenous N-acetylcysteine. Journal of Vascular Surgery 40:6, 1136-1141
     CrossRef

206. 206

     Micha Maeder, Maja Klein, Thomas Fehr, Hans Rickli. (2004) Contrast nephropathy: Review focusing on prevention. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 44:9, 1763-1771
     CrossRef

207. 207

     Deepika Misra, Keith Leibowitz, Ramesh M. Gowda, Michael Shapiro, Ijaz A. Khan. (2004) Role of N-acetylcysteine in prevention of contrast-induced nephropathy after cardiovascular procedures: A meta-analysis. Clinical Cardiology 27:11, 607-610
     CrossRef

208. 208

     Giancarlo Marenzi, Gianfranco Lauri, Emilio Assanelli, Jeness Campodonico, Monica De Metrio, Ivana Marana, Marco Grazi, Fabrizio Veglia, Antonio L. Bartorelli. (2004) Contrast-induced nephropathy in patients undergoing primary angioplasty for acute myocardial infarction. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 44:9, 1780-1785
     CrossRef

209. 209

     Christopher Dudley. (2004) Maximizing renal preservation in acute renal failure. BJU International 94:8, 1202-1206
     CrossRef

210. 210

     Hisashi Sugiyama, Toshie Kadono, Minako Hoshiai, Tetsushi Tan, Keiichi Koizumi, Hajime Sakamoto, Simpei Nakazawa. (2004) Gadolinium-based balloon angioplasty for pulmonary artery stenosis in an infant with a right isomerism. Catheterization and Cardiovascular Interventions 63:3, 346-350
     CrossRef

211. 211

     Rajiv Gupta, Yochai Birnbaum, Barry F. Uretsky. (2004) The renal patient with coronary artery disease. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 44:7, 1343-1353
     CrossRef

212. 212

     Nancy Costa. (2004) Understanding Contrast Media. Journal of Infusion Nursing 27:5, 302-312
     CrossRef

213. 213

     Carlo Briguori, Antonio Colombo, Flavio Airoldi, Anna Violante, Alfredo Castelli, Pasquale Balestrieri, Pietro Paolo Elia, Bruno Golia, Stefano Lepore, Guido Riviezzo, Pierfranco Scarpato, Mariateresa Librera, Amelia Focaccio, Bruno Ricciardelli. (2004) N-acetylcysteine versus fenoldopam mesylate to prevent contrast agent-associated nephrotoxicity. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 44:4, 762-765
     CrossRef

214. 214

     Shigehiko Uchino, Gordon S. Doig, Rinaldo Bellomo, Hiroshi Morimatsu, Stanislao Morgera, Miet Schetz, Ian Tan, Catherine Bouman, Ettiene Macedo, Noel Gibney, Ashita Tolwani, Claudio Ronco, John A. Kellum. (2004) Diuretics and mortality in acute renal failure*. Critical Care Medicine 32:8, 1669-1677
     CrossRef

215. 215

     Jeffrey W.H Fung, C.C Szeto, Wilson W.M Chan, Leo C.C Kum, Anna K.Y Chan, John T.H Wong, Eugene B Wu, Gabriel W.K Yip, Joseph Y.S Chan, Cheuk M Yu, Kam S Woo, John E Sanderson. (2004) Effect of N-acetylcysteine for prevention of contrast nephropathy in patients with moderate to severe renal insufficiency: a randomized trial. American Journal of Kidney Diseases 43:5, 801-808
     CrossRef

216. 216

     S MORCOS. (2004) Prevention of contrast media nephrotoxicity—the story so far. Clinical Radiology 59:5, 381-389
     CrossRef

217. 217

     Wiktoria Lesniak, Malgorzata Bala, Bozena Dubiel, Michael H Duong, Agnieszka Pardala, Piotr Gajewski, Wiktoria Lesniak. 2004. Pharmacological interventions for preventing contrast-induced nephropathy. .
     CrossRef

218. 218

     Fred E Yeo, Todd C Villines, Jay R Bucci, Allen J Taylor, Kevin C Abbott. (2004) Cardiovascular risk in stage 4 and 5 nephropathy. Advances in Chronic Kidney Disease 11:2, 116-133
     CrossRef

219. 219

     Jean-Marc Id??, Eric Lancelot, Emmanuelle Pines, Claire Corot. (2004) Prophylaxis of Iodinated Contrast Media-Induced Nephropathy. Investigative Radiology 39:3, 155-170
     CrossRef

220. 220

     Christlieb Haller, Istvan Hizoh. (2004) The Cytotoxicity of Iodinated Radiocontrast Agents on Renal Cells In Vitro. Investigative Radiology 39:3, 149-154
     CrossRef

221. 221

     A. S. Gami, V. D. Garovic. (2004) Contrast Nephropathy After Coronary Angiography. Mayo Clinic Proceedings 79:2, 211-219
     CrossRef

222. 222

     Ute Hoffmann, Bernhard Banas, Michael Fischereder, Bernhard K. Kr&auml;mer. (2004) N-Acetylcysteine in the Prevention of Radiocontrast-Induced Nephropathy: Clinical Trials and End Points. Kidney and Blood Pressure Research 27:3, 161-166
     CrossRef

223. 223

     Nils Hackstein, Jan Heckrodt, Wigbert S. Rau. (2003) Measurement of single-kidney glomerular filtration rate using a contrast-enhanced dynamic gradient-echo sequence and the Rutland-Patlak plot technique. Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging 18:6, 714-725
     CrossRef

224. 224

     Christopher S.R. Baker, Atholl Johnston, Laurence R.I. Baker, Charles J. Knight. (2003) Did contrast nephropathy in rappid really occur? reply. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 42:12, 2167-2169
     CrossRef

225. 225

     Paul D. Walker, Kristi L. Brokering, John C. Theobald. (2003) Fenoldopam and N -acetylcysteine for the Prevention of Radiographic Contrast Material-Induced Nephropathy: A Review. Pharmacotherapy 23:12, 1617-1626
     CrossRef

226. 226

     Aldo J Peixoto. (2003) Critical issues in nephrology. Clinics in Chest Medicine 24:4, 561-581
     CrossRef

227. 227

     Briain D. MacNeill, Scott A. Harding, Hasan Bazari, Kristen K. Patton, Pedro Colon-Hernadez, Denise deJoseph, Ik-Kyung Jang. (2003) Prophylaxis of contrast-induced nephropathy in patients undergoing coronary angiography. Catheterization and Cardiovascular Interventions 60:4, 458-461
     CrossRef

228. 228

     Christopher S.R. Baker, Atholl Johnston, Laurence R.I. Baker, Charles J. Knight. (2003) Reply. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 42:12, 2169-2170
     CrossRef

229. 229

     Norbert H. Lameire, An S. De Vriese, Raymond Vanholder. (2003) Prevention and nondialytic treatment of acute renal failure. Current Opinion in Critical Care 9:6, 481-490
     CrossRef

230. 230

     D. R. Holmes. (2003) Risk Stratification and Interventional Cardiology: Robert L. Frye Lecture. Mayo Clinic Proceedings 78:12, 1507-1518
     CrossRef

231. 231

     Prabal K Chatterjee, Christoph Thiemermann. (2003) Emerging drugs for renal failure. Expert Opinion on Emerging Drugs 8:2, 389-435
     CrossRef

232. 232

     Brendan B McCormick, Joanne M Bargman. (2003) The implications of the ADEMEX study for the peritoneal dialysis prescription: the role of small solute clearance versus salt and water removal. Current Opinion in Nephrology and Hypertension 12:6, 581-585
     CrossRef

233. 233

     Marenzi, Giancarlo, Marana, Ivana, Lauri, Gianfranco, Assanelli, Emilio, Grazi, Marco, Campodonico, Jeness, Trabattoni, Daniela, Fabbiocchi, Franco, Montorsi, Piero, Bartorelli, Antonio L., . (2003) The Prevention of Radiocontrast-Agent–Induced Nephropathy by Hemofiltration. New England Journal of Medicine 349:14, 1333-1340
     Full Text

234. 234

     (2003) Editor's Comments. Journal of Interventional Cardiology 16:5, 451-453
     CrossRef

235. 235

     Rainer Birck, Stefan Krzossok, Florian Markowetz, Peter Schnülle, Fokko J van der Woude, Claude Braun. (2003) Acetylcysteine for prevention of contrast nephropathy: meta-analysis. The Lancet 362:9384, 598-603
     CrossRef

236. 236

     John A Kellum. (2003) A drug to prevent renal failure?. The Lancet 362:9384, 589-590
     CrossRef

237. 237

     W Lesniak, M Bala, B Dubiel, MH Duong, A Pardala, P Gajewski. 2003. Interventions for preventing contrast-induced nephropathy. .
     CrossRef

238. 238

     Christopher S.R Baker, Andrew Wragg, Sanjay Kumar, Rodney De Palma, Laurence R.I Baker, Charles J Knight. (2003) A rapid protocol for the prevention of contrast-induced renal dysfunction: the RAPPID study. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 41:12, 2114-2118
     CrossRef

239. 239

     (2003) Nephropathy Induced by Contrast Medium. New England Journal of Medicine 348:22, 2257-2259
     Full Text

240. 240

     Edward P Mintz, Luis Gruberg. (2003) Radiocontrast-induced nephropathy and percutaneous coronary intervention: a review of preventive measures. Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy 4:5, 639-652
     CrossRef

241. 241

     Sophie Provench??re, Gaetan Plantef??ve, Gilles Hufnagel, Eric Vicaut, Cyrille de Vaumas, Jean-Baptiste Lecharny, Jean-Pol Depoix, Fran??ois Vrtovsnik, Jean-Marie Desmonts, and Ivan Philip. (2003) Renal Dysfunction After Cardiac Surgery with Normothermic Cardiopulmonary Bypass: Incidence, Risk Factors, and Effect on Clinical Outcome. Anesthesia & Analgesia1258-1264
     CrossRef

242. 242

     Duminda N. Wijeysundera, Vivek Rao, W. Scott Beattie, Joan Ivanov, and Keyvan Karkouti. (2003) Evaluating Surrogate Measures of Renal Dysfunction After Cardiac Surgery. Anesthesia & Analgesia1265-1273
     CrossRef

243. 243

     Christopher S.R. Baker. (2003) Prevention of radiocontrast-induced nephropathy. Catheterization and Cardiovascular Interventions 58:4, 532-538
     CrossRef

244. 244

     J.S. Lindholt. (2003) Radiocontrast Induced Nephropathy. European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery 25:4, 296-304
     CrossRef

245. 245

     F KAPADIA, K BHOJANI, B SHAH. (2003) Special issues in the patient with renal failure. Critical Care Clinics 19:2, 233-251
     CrossRef

246. 246

     Arif Asif, Richard A. Preston, David Roth. (2003) Radiocontrast-induced Nephropathy. American Journal of Therapeutics 10:2, 137-147
     CrossRef

247. 247

     Fernando Boccalandro, Muhammad Amhad, Richard W. Smalling, Stefano Sdringola. (2003) Oral acetylcysteine does not protect renal function from moderate to high doses of intravenous radiographic contrast. Catheterization and Cardiovascular Interventions 58:3, 336-341
     CrossRef

248. 248

     C AKBARI, R MACSATA, B SMITH, A SIDAWY. (2003) Overview of the diabetic foot. Seminars in Vascular Surgery 16:1, 3-11
     CrossRef

249. 249

     Aspelin, Peter, Aubry, Pierre, Fransson, Sven-Göran, Strasser, Ruth, Willenbrock, Roland, Berg, Knut Joachim, . (2003) Nephrotoxic Effects in High-Risk Patients Undergoing Angiography. New England Journal of Medicine 348:6, 491-499
     Full Text

250. 250

     Anthony J Joseph, Steven L Cohn. (2003) Perioperative care of the patient with renal failure. Medical Clinics of North America 87:1, 193-210
     CrossRef

251. 251

     David E Kandzari, Abdallah G Rebeiz, Andrew Wang, Michael H Sketch. (2003) Contrast Nephropathy. American Journal of Cardiovascular Drugs 3:6, 395-405
     CrossRef

252. 252

     Tatjana Djurdjevic-Mirkovic, Slobodan Curic, Slavenka Vodopivec, Valerija Sedlak-Vadoc, Zoran Stosic, Igor Mitic, Dusan Bozic, Lada Petrovic, Tatjana Ilic. (2003) Tubulointerstitial dysfunction in early post-transplant period. Medicinski pregled 56:3-4, 113-119
     CrossRef

253. 253

     John D Durham, Christopher Caputo, John Dokko, Thomas Zaharakis, Mohsen Pahlavan, Jan Keltz, Paula Dutka, Kevin Marzo, John K Maesaka, Steven Fishbane. (2002) A randomized controlled trial of N-acetylcysteine to prevent contrast nephropathy in cardiac angiography. Kidney International 62:6, 2202-2207
     CrossRef

254. 254

     Vikas R. Soma, Erdal Cavusoglu, Raghuraman Vidhun, William H. Frishman, Samin K. Sharma. (2002) Contrast-Associated Nephropathy. Heart Disease 4:6, 372-379
     CrossRef

255. 255

     Suhail Allaqaband, Ramagopal Tumuluri, Ahmed M. Malik, Anjan Gupta, Paul Volkert, Yoseph Shalev, Tanvir K. Bajwa. (2002) Prospective randomized study of N-acetylcysteine, fenoldopam, and saline for prevention of radiocontrast-induced nephropathy. Catheterization and Cardiovascular Interventions 57:3, 279-283
     CrossRef

256. 256

     Kou-G.i Shyu, Jun-Jack Cheng, Peiliang Kuan. (2002) Acetylcysteine protects against acute renal damage in patients with abnormal renal function undergoing a coronary procedure. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 40:8, 1383-1388
     CrossRef

257. 257

     Jose M. Wiley, Christopher J. White, Barry F. Uretsky. (2002) Noncoronary complications of coronary intervention. Catheterization and Cardiovascular Interventions 57:2, 257-265
     CrossRef

258. 258

     WOLFGANG HUBER, BARBARA JESCHKE, BERNHARD KREYMANN, MICHAEL HENNIG, MICHAEL PAGE, HERMANN SALMHOFER, FLORIAN ECKEL, ULRIKE SCHMIDT, ANDREAS UMGELTER, URSULA SCHWEIGART, MEINHARD CLASSEN. (2002) Haemodialysis for the Prevention of Contrast-Induced Nephropathy. Investigative Radiology 37:9, 471-481
     CrossRef

259. 259

     Martin Tepel, Walter Zidek. (2002) Acetylcysteine and contrast media nephropathy. Current Opinion in Nephrology and Hypertension 11:5, 503-506
     CrossRef

260. 260

     John A. Kellum, Derek C. Angus. (2002) Patients are dying of acute renal failure *. Critical Care Medicine 30:9, 2156-2157
     CrossRef

261. 261

     S. Sabeti, M. Schillinger, W. Mlekusch, R. Ahmadi and, E. Minar. (2002) Reduction in Renal Function After Renal Arteriography and After Renal Artery Angioplasty. European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery 24:2, 156-160
     CrossRef

262. 262

     Carlo Briguori, Fiore Manganelli, Pierfranco Scarpato, Pietro Paolo Elia, Bruno Golia, Guido Riviezzo, Stefano Lepore, Mariateresa Librera, Bruno Villari, Antonio Colombo, Bruno Ricciardelli. (2002) Acetylcysteine and contrast agent-associated nephrotoxicity. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 40:2, 298-303
     CrossRef

263. 263

     George A. Stouffer, Richard G. Sheahan, Daniel J. Lenihan, Malay Agrawal, George A. Stouffer. (2002) Contrast Induced Nephropathy after Angiography. The American Journal of the Medical Sciences 323:5, 252-258
     CrossRef

264. 264

     V ABERNETHY, W LIEBERTHAL. (2002) Acute renal failure in the critically ill patient. Critical Care Clinics 18:2, 203-222
     CrossRef

265. 265

     Annapoorna S. Kini, Cristina A. Mitre, Michael Kim, Mazullah Kamran, David Reich, Samin K. Sharma. (2002) A protocol for prevention of radiographic contrast nephropathy during percutaneous coronary intervention: Effect of selective dopamine receptor agonist fenoldopam. Catheterization and Cardiovascular Interventions 55:2, 169-173
     CrossRef

266. 266

     Barbara Elmståhl, Peter Leander, Ulf Nyman, Chun-Ming Chai, Torsten Almén, Bo Frennby. (2002) Nephrotoxicity after Renal Angiography Using Iodine and Gadolinium Contrast Mediain Pigs with Renal Damage. Academic Radiology 9:2, S531-S534
     CrossRef

267. 267

     C Harz, E.M Fallenberg, R Schäfer, A Magnusson, W Clauss, W Heindel, B Tombach. (2002) Two-Center Clinical Study on the Effect of Chronic Renal Impairment on Safety of Iopromide 300 mg Iodine/ml. Academic Radiology 9:2, S535-S539
     CrossRef

268. 268

     Pantelis Vassiliu, Jack Sava, Konstantinos G Toutouzas, George C Velmahos. (2002) Is contrast as bad as we think?. Journal of the American College of Surgeons 194:2, 142-146
     CrossRef

269. 269

     Enrique Esplugas, Angel Cequier, Joan A. Gomez-Hospital, Bruno Garc??a Del Blanco, Francisco Jara. (2002) Comparative Tolerability of Contrast Media Used for Coronary Interventions. Drug Safety 25:15, 1079-1098
     CrossRef

270. 270

     Tatjana Djurdjevic-Mirkovic, Slobodan Curic, Slavenka Vodopivec, Igor Mitic, Dusan Bozic, Lada Petrovic, Tatjana Ilic. (2002) Radiocontrast - induced nephropathy. Medicinski pregled 55:7-8, 333-336
     CrossRef

271. 271

     Vitomir Rankovic, D. Micic, Vladimir Bumbasirevic, I. Palibrk, Marica Basic, V. Bukumirovic. (2002) Anestezija kod bolesnika sa diabetes mellitusom. Acta chirurgica iugoslavica 49:1, 47-55
     CrossRef

272. 272

     David J A Goldsmith, Adrian Covic. (2001) Coronary artery disease in uremia: Etiology, diagnosis, and therapy. Kidney International 60:6, 2059-2078
     CrossRef

273. 273

     Martin Tepel, Walter Zidek. (2001) Acetylcysteine for radiocontrast nephropathy. Current Opinion in Critical Care 7:6, 390-392
     CrossRef

274. 274

     Jörg Radermacher, Robert Weinkove, Hermann Haller. (2001) Techniques for predicting a favourable response to renal angioplasty in patients with renovascular disease. Current Opinion in Nephrology and Hypertension 10:6, 799-805
     CrossRef

275. 275

     Thomas J. Burke, Deepak Malhotra, Joseph I. Shapiro. (2001) Effects of enhanced oxygen release from hemoglobin by RSR13 in an acute renal failure model. Kidney International 60:4, 1407-1414
     CrossRef

276. 276

     PETER A. MCCULLOUGH, HAROLD J. MANLEY. (2001) Prediction and Prevention of Contrast Nephropathy. Journal of Interventional Cardiology 14:5, 547-558
     CrossRef

277. 277

     Byard F. Edwards. (2001) POSTOPERATIVE RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. Medical Clinics of North America 85:5, 1241-1254
     CrossRef

278. 278

     John A. Kellum, Janine M. Decker. (2001) Use of dopamine in acute renal failure: A meta-analysis. Critical Care Medicine 29:8, 1526-1531
     CrossRef

279. 279

     MANTEL. (2001) Care of the critically ill parturient: oliguria and renal failure. Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology 15:4, 563-581
     CrossRef

280. 280

     Hooman Madyoon, Linda Croushore, Douglas Weaver, Vandana Mathur. (2001) Use of fenoldopam to prevent radiocontrast nephropathy in high-risk patients. Catheterization and Cardiovascular Interventions 53:3, 341-345
     CrossRef

281. 281

     M KAPOOR, G CHAN. (2001) MALIGNANCY AND RENAL DISEASE. Critical Care Clinics 17:3, 571-598
     CrossRef

282. 282

     D. Elsner. (2001) How to diagnose and treat coronary artery disease in the uraemic patient: an update. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 16:6, 1103-1108
     CrossRef

283. 283

     A. Ronald, E. Ludwig. (2001) Urinary tract infections in adults with diabetes. International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents 17:4, 287-292
     CrossRef

284. 284

     Jeffrey A. Brinker. (2001) No CAN?. Catheterization and Cardiovascular Interventions 52:4, 417-419
     CrossRef

285. 285

     HOOMAN MADYOON, LINDA CROUSHORE. (2001) Use of Fenoldopam for Prevention of Radiocontrast Nephropathy in the Cardiac Catheterization Laboratory: A Case Series. Journal of Interventional Cardiology 14:2, 179-186
     CrossRef

286. 286

     Merja Laisalmi, Heidi Eriksson, Anna-Maria Koivusalo, Pertti Pere, Per Rosenberg, Leena Lindgren. (2001) Ketorolac is Not Nephrotoxic in Connection with Sevoflurane Anesthesia in Patients Undergoing Breast Surgery. Anesthesia and Analgesia1058-1063
     CrossRef

287. 287

     Paul J Hauptman, Kevin J O’Connor, Robert E Wolf, Barbara J McNeil. (2001) Angiography of potential cardiac donors. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 37:5, 1252-1258
     CrossRef

288. 288

     Jihye CHOI, Heechun LEE, Dongwoo CHANG, Kichang LEE, Kidong EOM, Youngwon LEE, Mincheol CHOI, Junghee YOON. (2001) Effect of Dopamine on Excretory Urographic Image Quality and the Prevention of Contrast-Induced Nephropathy in Dogs.. Journal of Veterinary Medical Science 63:4, 383-388
     CrossRef

289. 289

     Carlo Donadio, Annalisa Lucchesi, Michela Ardini, Gianfranco Tramonti, Piersilvio Chella, Enrico Magagnini, Claudio Bianchi. (2001) RENAL EFFECTS OF CARDIAC ANGIOGRAPHY WITH DIFFERENT LOW-OSMOLAR CONTRAST MEDIA. Renal Failure 23:3-4, 385-396
     CrossRef

290. 290

     CRISTOBAL G. DUARTE, JUN ZHANG, and SYDNEY ELLIS. (2001) Review of Studies Establishing the Aging Male Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat as a Detector and Quantifier of the Kidney Toxicity of Radiocontrast Media and Other Chemicals. Investigative Radiology 36:1, 56-63
     CrossRef

291. 291

     Nicholas Sadovnikoff. (2001) Perioperative Acute Renal Failure. International Anesthesiology Clinics 39:1, 95-109
     CrossRef

292. 292

     Gerd Rüdiger Hetzel, G. R. Hetzel, Philip May, Markus Hollenbeck, Adina Voiculescu, Ulrich Mödder, Bernd Grabensee. (2001) ASSESSMENT OF RADIOCONTRAST MEDIA INDUCED RENAL VASOCONSTRICTION BY COLOR CODED DUPLEXSONOGRAPHY. Renal Failure 23:1, 77-83
     CrossRef

293. 293

     M WAYBILL, P WAYBILL. (2001) Contrast Media-induced Nephrotoxicity: Identification of Patients at Risk and Algorithms for Prevention. Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology 12:1, 3-9
     CrossRef

294. 294

     Vandana S. Mathur. (2001) Ameliorating the Effects of Contrast on Renal Function: Physiology and Pharmacology of Renal Protective Agents. Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology 12:1, P11-P14
     CrossRef

295. 295

     David W. Hunter. (2001) Ameliorating the Effects of Contrast on Renal Function: Use of Renal Protective Agents in Interventional Procedures. Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology 12:1, P14-P18
     CrossRef

296. 296

     A Pflueger, T S Larson, K A Nath, B F King, J M Gross, F G Knox. (2000) Role of adenosine in contrast media-induced acute renal failure in diabetes mellitus.. Mayo Clinic Proceedings 75:12, 1275-1283
     CrossRef

297. 297

     John A. Bittl. (2000) Cholesterol embolization syndrome: Unifying principles. Catheterization and Cardiovascular Interventions 51:3, 326-327
     CrossRef

298. 298

     Luis Gruberg, Gary S Mintz, Roxana Mehran, George Dangas, Alexandra J Lansky, Kenneth M Kent, Augusto D Pichard, Lowell F Satler, Martin B Leon. (2000) The prognostic implications of further renal function deterioration within 48 h of interventional coronary procedures in patients with pre-existent chronic renal insufficiency. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 36:5, 1542-1548
     CrossRef

299. 299

     H. J. Toivonen. (2000) Anaesthesia for patients with a transplanted organ. Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica 44:7, 812-833
     CrossRef

300. 300

     Safirstein, Robert, Andrade, Lúcia, Vieira, José M., . (2000) Acetylcysteine and Nephrotoxic Effects of Radiographic Contrast Agents — A New Use for an Old Drug. New England Journal of Medicine 343:3, 210-212
     Full Text

301. 301

     Tepel, Martin, van der Giet, Marcus, Schwarzfeld, CarolaLaufer, Ulf, Liermann, Dieter, Zidek, Walter, . (2000) Prevention of Radiographic-Contrast-Agent–Induced Reductions in Renal Function by Acetylcysteine. New England Journal of Medicine 343:3, 180-184
     Full Text

302. 302

     H.S. Thomsen, S.K. Morcos. (2000) Radiographic contrast media. BJU International 86, 1-10
     CrossRef

303. 303

     D SPINOSA, J ANGLE, K HAGSPIEL, E BISSONETTE, M CONAWAY, G HARTWELL, A MATSUMOTO. (2000) Feasibility of Gadodiamide Compared with Dilute Iodinated Contrast Material for Imaging of the Abdominal Aorta and Renal Arteries. Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology 11:6, 733-737
     CrossRef

304. 304

     Anthony T. Gerlach, Kerry K. Pickworth. (2000) Contrast Medium-Induced Nephrotoxicity: Pathophysiology and Prevention. Pharmacotherapy 20:5, 540-548
     CrossRef

305. 305

     Franklin H. Epstein, Pottumarthi Prasad. (2000) Effects of furosemide on medullary oxygenation in younger and older subjects. Kidney International 57:5, 2080-2083
     CrossRef

306. 306

     Norbert Lameire, Raymond Vanholder. (2000) New perspectives for prevention/treatment of acute renal failure. Current Opinion in Anaesthesiology 13:2, 105-112
     CrossRef

307. 307

     Andrew Wang, Terry Holcslaw, Thomas M Bashore, Martin I Freed, Diane Miller, Michael R Rudnick, Harold Szerlip, Marc D Thames, Charles J Davidson, Neil Shusterman, Steven J Schwab. (2000) Exacerbation of radiocontrast nephrotoxicity by endothelin receptor antagonism. Kidney International 57:4, 1675-1680
     CrossRef

308. 308

     Sven Dittrich, Katrin Kurschat, Ingo Dähnert, Michael Vogel, Christian Müller, Peter E. Lange. (2000) Cyanotic nephropathy and use of non-ionic contrast agents during cardiac catherization in patients with cyanotic congenital heart disease. Cardiology in the Young 10:01,
     CrossRef

309. 309

     Michael K. Dishart, John A. Kellum. (2000) An Evaluation of Pharmacological Strategies for the Prevention and Treatment of Acute Renal Failure. Drugs 59:1, 79-91
     CrossRef

310. 310

     D SPINOSA, J ANGLE, K HAGSPIEL, J KERN, G HARTWELL, A MATSUMOTO. (2000) Lower Extremity Arteriography with Use of Iodinated Contrast Material or Gadodiamide to Supplement CO2 Angiography in Patients with Renal Insufficiency. Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology 11:1, 35-43
     CrossRef

311. 311

     SAMUEL NOAM HEYMAN, JAMES REICHMAN, MAYER BREZIS. (1999) Pathophysiology of Radiocontrast Nephropathy. Investigative Radiology 34:11, 685
     CrossRef

312. 312

     Meir Gare, Yosef S Haviv, Arie Ben-Yehuda, Dvorah Rubinger, Tali Bdolah-Abram, Shmuel Fuchs, Ora Gat, Mordecai M Popovtzer, Mervyn S Gotsman, Morris Mosseri. (1999) The renal effect of low-dose dopamine in high-risk patients undergoing coronary angiography. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 34:6, 1682-1688
     CrossRef

313. 313

     Ritz, Eberhard, Orth, Stephan Reinhold, . (1999) Nephropathy in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. New England Journal of Medicine 341:15, 1127-1133
     Full Text

314. 314

     Wenhau Chen, C. Frank Bennett, Mou-Er Wang, Duska Dragun, Ling Tian, Kim Stecker, James H. Clark, Barry D. Kahan, Stanislaw M. Stepkowski. (1999) PERFUSION OF KIDNEYS WITH UNFORMULATED "NAKED" INTERCELLULAR ADHESION MOLECULE-1 ANTISENSE OLIGODEOXYNUCLEOTIDES PREVENTS ISCHEMIC/REPERFUSION INJURY1. Transplantation 68:6, 880-887
     CrossRef

315. 315

     George L Bakris, Nancy A Lass, Dana Glock. (1999) Renal hemodynamics in radiocontrast medium-induced renal dysfunction: A role for dopamine-1 receptors. Kidney International 56:1, 206-210
     CrossRef

316. 316

     CRISTOBAL G. DUARTE, JUN ZHANG, SYDNEY ELLIS. (1999) Effects of Radiocontrast, Mannitol, and Endothelin on Blood Pressure and Renal Damage in the Aging Male Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat. Investigative Radiology 34:7, 455
     CrossRef

317. 317

     V OLIVA, N DENBOW, E THERASSE, A COMMON, C HAREL, M GIROUX, G SOULEZ. (1999) Digital Subtraction Angiography of the Abdominal Aorta and Lower Extremities: Carbon Dioxide versus Iodinated Contrast Material. Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology 10:6, 723-731
     CrossRef

318. 318

     David BG Oliveira. (1999) Prophylaxis against contrast-induced nephropathy. The Lancet 353:9165, 1638-1639
     CrossRef

319. 319

     Patrick J Scanlon, David P Faxon, Anne-Marie Audet, Blase Carabello, Gregory J Dehmer, Kim A Eagle, Ronald D Legako, Donald F Leon, John A Murray, Steven E Nissen, Carl J Pepine, Rita M Watson, James L Ritchie, Raymond J Gibbons, Melvin D Cheitlin, Kim A Eagle, Timothy J Gardner, Arthur Garson, Richard O Russell, Thomas J Ryan, Sidney C Smith. (1999) ACC/AHA guidelines for coronary angiography. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 33:6, 1756-1824
     CrossRef

320. 320

     James G. Caridi, S. William Stavropoulos, Irvin F. Hawkins Jr. (1999) Carbon Dioxide Digital Subtraction Angiography for Renal Artery Stent Placement. Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology 10:5, 635-640
     CrossRef

321. 321

     RAJIV MARAJ, PAIROJ RERKPATTANAPIPAT, NATTAWUT WONGPRAPARUT, MOISES FRAIFELD, GARY S. LEDLEY, LARRY E. JACOBS, SHAHRIAR YAZDANFAR, MORRIS N. KOTLER. (1999) Iatrogenic Cardiovascular Complications: Part I. Semi-Noninvasive Procedures and Diagnostic Invasive Procedures. Journal of Interventional Cardiology 12:2, 145-162
     CrossRef

322. 322

     Melissa A. Stevens, Peter A. McCullough, Kenneth J. Tobin, John P. Speck, Douglas C. Westveer, Debra A. Guido-Allen, Gerald C. Timmis, William W. O’Neill. (1999) A prospective randomized trial of prevention measures in patients at high risk for contrast nephropathy. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 33:2, 403-411
     CrossRef

323. 323

     Julie M. Zaetta. (1999) Gadolinium Digital Subtraction Angiography. Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology 10:2, 390-393
     CrossRef

324. 324

     Robert A Star. (1998) Treatment of acute renal failure. Kidney International 54:6, 1817-1831
     CrossRef

325. 325

     Christiane M. Erley, Hartmut Osswald. (1998) Prevention of contrast-media-induced renal impairment by adenosine antagonists in humans. Drug Development Research 45:3-4, 172-175
     CrossRef

326. 326

     David J. Spinosa, Alan H. Matsumoto, J. Fritz Angle, Klaus D. Hagspiel, Ross B. Isaacs, Christopher S. McCullough, Peter I. Lobo. (1998) Gadolinium-based Contrast and Carbon Dioxide Angiography to Evaluate Renal Transplants for Vascular Causes of Renal Insufficiency and Accelerated Hypertension. Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology 9:6, 909-916
     CrossRef

327. 327

     Christiane M. Erley, N. Heyne, S. Rossmeier, T. Vogel, Teut Risler, Hartmut Osswald. (1998) Adenosine and extracellular volume in radiocontrast media-induced nephropathy. Kidney International 54:s67, 192-194
     CrossRef

328. 328

     Matthew S. Slater, Richard J. Mullins. (1998) Rhabdomyolysis and Myoglobinuric Renal Failure in Trauma and Surgical Patients: A Review. Journal of the American College of Surgeons 186:6, 693-716
     CrossRef

329. 329

     Klahr, Saulo, Miller, Steven B., . (1998) Acute Oliguria. New England Journal of Medicine 338:10, 671-675
     Full Text

330. 330

     Frederick A. Heupler. (1998) Guidelines for performing angiography in patients taking metformin. Catheterization and Cardiovascular Diagnosis 43:2, 121-123
     CrossRef

331. 331

     Julie M. Zaetta. (1998) Gadolinium Digital Subtraction Angiography. Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology 9:1, 254-256
     CrossRef

332. 332

     J. David Talley, Pius Manavalan, Todd Stewart. (1997) Progress in Interventional Cardiology. Journal of Interventional Cardiology 10:6, 511-515
     CrossRef

333. 333

     Richard H. Cohan, James H. Ellis. (1997) IODINATED CONTRAST MATERIAL IN URORADIOLOGY. Urologic Clinics of North America 24:3, 471-491
     CrossRef

334. 334

     Jaap N Hamburger, Geert H.M Gijsbers, Yukio Ozaki, Peter N Ruygrok, Pim J de Feyter, Patrick W Serruys. (1997) Recanalization of Chronic Total Coronary Occlusions Using a Laser Guide Wire: A Pilot Study. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 30:3, 649-656
     CrossRef

335. 335

     Christian Björn Friedrichsohn, Werner Riegel, Hans Köhler. (1997) Was ist geischert in der Prävention der Kontrastmittelnephropathie?. Medizinische Klinik 92:6, 329-334
     CrossRef

336. 336

     Thomas D. DuBose, David G. Warnock, Ravindra L. Mehta, Joseph V. Bonventre, Marc R. Hammerman, Bruce A. Molitoris, Mark S. Paller, Norman J. Siegel, James Scherbenske, Gary E. Striker. (1997) Acute renal failure in the 21st century: Recommendations for management and outcomes assessment. American Journal of Kidney Diseases 29:5, 793-799
     CrossRef

337. 337

     Joseph A. Mindell, Glenn M. Chertow. (1997) A PRACTICAL APPROACH TO ACUTE RENAL FAILURE. Medical Clinics of North America 81:3, 731-748
     CrossRef

338. 338

     Irl B. Hirsch. (1997) Approach to the Patient with Diabetes Undergoing a Vascular or Interventional Procedure. Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology 8:3, 329-336
     CrossRef

339. 339

     Christopher S. Wilcox. (1997) Management of the Diabetic or Azotemic Patient. Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology 8:1, 298-299
     CrossRef

340. 340

     ML Cittanova, I Leblanc, Ch Legendre, C Mouquet, B Riou, P Coriat. (1996) Effect of hydroxyethylstarch in brain-dead kidney donors on renal function in kidney-transplant recipients. The Lancet 348:9042, 1620-1622
     CrossRef

341. 341

     J OLSEN. (1996) Utility of the creatinine prior to intravenous contrast studies in the emergency department*1, *2. Journal of Emergency Medicine 14:5, 543-546
     CrossRef

342. 342

     Hermann Haller, Duska Dragun, Annegret Miethke, Joon Keun Park, Angelika Weis, Andrea Lippoldt, Volkmar Groß, Friedrich C Luft. (1996) Antisense oligonucleotides for ICAM-1 attenuate reperfusion injury and renal failure in the rat. Kidney International 50:2, 473-480
     CrossRef

343. 343

     Frank W. LoGerfo, Gary W. Gibbons. (1996) VASCULAR DISEASE OF THE LOWER EXTREMITIES IN DIABETES MELLITUS. Endocrinology & Metabolism Clinics of North America 25:2, 439-445
     CrossRef

344. 344

     Thadhani, Ravi, Pascual, Manuel, Bonventre, Joseph V., . (1996) Acute Renal Failure. New England Journal of Medicine 334:22, 1448-1460
     Full Text

345. 345

     Bertin M. Louis, Brian S. Hoch, Cecilio Hernandez, Neel Namboodiri, George Neiderman, Alan Nissenbaum, Francis P. Foti, Angelo Magno, Geronimo Banayat, Farid Fata, Namala L. Manohar, Henry I. Lipner. (1996) Protection from the Nephrotoxicity of Contrast Dye. Renal Failure 18:4, 639-646
     CrossRef

346. 346

     H.R. Brady, G.G. Singer. (1995) Acute renal failure. The Lancet 346:8989, 1533-1540
     CrossRef

347. 347

     John D. Conger. (1995) Interventions in clinical acute renal failure: What are the data?. American Journal of Kidney Diseases 26:4, 565-576
     CrossRef

348. 348

     D MCCARRON, W BENNETT, M REUSSER. (1995) Adverse effects of sodium restriction with concurrent medication use. Journal of Renal Nutrition 5:3, 108-115
     CrossRef

349. 349

     (1995) Prevention of Radiocontrast-Induced Renal Insufficiency. New England Journal of Medicine 332:15, 1035-1036
     Full Text

350. 350

     Barrett, Brendan J., Parfrey, Patrick S., . (1994) Prevention of Nephrotoxicity Induced by Radiocontrast Agents. New England Journal of Medicine 331:21, 1449-1450
     Full Text

Letters