Original Article
Effects of Desipramine, Amitriptyline, and Fluoxetine on Pain in Diabetic Neuropathy
N Engl J Med 1992; 326:1250-1256May 7, 1992
- Abstract
- Abstract
Background.
Amitriptyline reduces the pain caused by peripheral-nerve disease, but treatment is often limited by side effects related to the drug's many pharmacologic actions. Selective agents might be safer and more effective.
Methods.
We carried out two randomized, double-blind, crossover studies in patients with painful diabetic neuropathy, comparing amitriptyline with the relatively selective blocker of norepinephrine reuptake desipramine in 38 patients, and comparing the selective blocker of serotonin reuptake fluoxetine with placebo in 46 patients. Fifty-seven patients were randomly assigned to a study as well as to the order of treatment, permitting comparison among all three drugs and placebo as the first treatment. The patients rated the degree of pain present each day using verbal descriptors, and they also assessed the extent of pain relief globally at the end of each treatment period.
Results.
After individual dose titration, the mean daily doses of the drugs were as follows: amitriptyline, 105 mg; desipramine, 111 mg; and fluoxetine, 40 mg. There was moderate or greater relief of pain in 28 of the 38 patients (74 percent) who received amitriptyline, 23 of the 38 patients (61 percent) who received desipramine, 22 of the 46 patients (48 percent) who received fluoxetine, and 19 of the 46 patients (41 percent) who received placebo. The differences in responses between amitriptyline and desipramine and between fluoxetine and placebo were not statistically significant, but both amitriptyline and desipramine were superior to placebo. Amitriptyline and desipramine were as effective in patients who were not depressed as in depressed patients, but fluoxetine was effective only in depressed patients.
Conclusions.
Desipramine relieves pain caused by diabetic neuropathy with efficacy similar to that of amitriptyline, offering an alternative for patients unable to tolerate the latter. Blockade of norepinephrine reuptake is likely to mediate the analgesic effect of these antidepressant drugs in diabetic neuropathy. Fluoxetine, which blocks serotonin uptake, is no more effective than placebo for the relief of pain. (N Engl J Med 1992;326:1250–6.)
Media in This Article
Figure 1
Intensity of Pain Caused by Diabetic Neuropathy during Treatment with Amitriptyline and Desipramine in 38 Patients (Panel A) and during Treatment with Fluoxetine and Placebo in 46 Patients (Panel B).Figure 2
Mean Change from Base Line in the Intensity of Pain Caused by Diabetic Neuropathy during the First Treatment Period in 12 Patients Who Received Amitriptyline (•), 13 Who Received Desipramine (■), 12 Who Received Fluoxetine (□), and 15 Who Received Placebo (○).Article Activity
- Article
AMITRIPTYLINE reduces pain in patients with painful diabetic neuropathy or other neuropathic pain syndromes,1 2 3 but treatment is often compromised by the sedation, urinary retention, or orthostatic hypotension caused by the drug. It has a wide range of pharmacologic actions, including inhibition of norepinephrine and serotonin reuptake and antagonism of muscarinic cholinergic, histamine H1, and alpha-adrenergic receptors.4 Drugs that selectively affect the neurotransmitter systems responsible for pain relief might be useful substitutes for amitriptyline.
This study was designed to test the hypothesis that amitriptyline relieves neuropathic pain by blocking the reuptake of either norepinephrine or serotonin, neurotransmitters that are released by pain-modulating systems that descend from the brain stem to the spinal cord.5 6 7 Blocking the reuptake of these neurotransmitters prolongs their inhibitory action on the spinal cord neurons involved in transmitting pain.5 , 6 Amitriptyline may also have analgesic actions at other sites.8 , 9 Desipramine and fluoxetine were chosen as relatively specific blockers of the reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin, respectively.4 , 10 Given previous placebo-controlled studies of each drug individually,2 , 11 12 13 we expected that the efficacy of desipramine would be similar to that of amitriptyline. The effects of fluoxetine on pain have not been studied, but in two small previous studies, other serotoninergic agents did not relieve neuropathic pain.14 , 15
In patients with painful diabetic neuropathy we compared the proved effective treatments, amitriptyline and desipramine, to determine whether desipramine might replace amitriptyline as the drug of choice. In a concurrent trial, we compared fluoxetine with placebo, to determine whether fluoxetine has any analgesic activity.
Methods
Patients
We recruited patients with painful diabetic neuropathy through advertisements in newspapers and diabetes newsletters. The inclusion criteria included the presence of diabetes mellitus with stable glycemic control as assessed by the patient's primary physician, signs of peripheral neuropathy not attributable to another cause, and three months or more of daily pain of at least moderate severity, the quality and location of which were consistent with the peripheral neuropathy (Table 1Table 1
Characteristics of the Patients with Painful Diabetic Neuropathy.). The exclusion criteria included other pain more severe than the neuropathic pain, severe depression, postural hypotension, symptomatic coronary artery or peripheral vascular disease, and nephropathy (serum creatinine level, >150 μmol per liter). Previous treatment with the study drugs was not grounds for exclusion, whether or not the patients had obtained pain relief, nor was treatment with antihypertensive or diuretic drugs.In patients taking antidepressants for the treatment of pain at the time of screening, such medications were stopped for at least three weeks before the base-line observations began. The patients were asked to discontinue the regular use of other analgesic drugs, but they were allowed up to one dose per day for severe pain. The study was approved by the Clinical Research Subpanel of the National Institute of Dental Research, and all the patients gave informed, written consent.
Treatments
After a one-week base-line period, the patients were assigned to either of two randomized, two-period crossover studies. One was a comparison of desipramine and amitriptyline and the other a comparison of fluoxetine and placebo. If there was no contraindication to any study drug, the patient underwent double-blind randomization to either study. Patients with medical contraindications or previous adverse reactions to a particular study drug were assigned to the other study. After completing one study, eligible patients were invited to enter the other study, after a three-week washout period.
Each study consisted of two six-week treatment periods separated by a two-week washout period. Although two weeks was insufficient for the complete elimination of all study drugs and their metabolites,16 , 17 the assessment of treatment efficacy was based on pain ratings during week 6 of treatment, allowing an additional five weeks for washout. The range of doses was 12.5 to 150 mg per day for desipramine and amitriptyline and 20 to 40 mg per day for fluoxetine. The drugs were administered in a single dose at 9 p.m., except in the patients who were nonrandomly assigned to the fluoxetine—placebo study, who were instructed to take their medication in the morning. As in previous studies,2 , 11 , 12 benztropine (0.125 to 1.5 mg per day) was used as the placebo, to mimic the dry mouth produced by desipramine and amitriptyline. This low dose of benztropine has not caused any serious adverse reactions. During weeks 1 to 4 of each treatment period, a nurse clinician called each patient three times weekly to titrate doses of medication to the maximal dose or to the highest level at which side effects such as tiredness, headache, or orthostatic hypotension did not interfere with activities. This dose was maintained during weeks 5 and 6.
Evaluation
The patients rated their pain in a diary once a day, choosing from a scale of 13 words that describe the intensity of pain. The words had been assigned magnitudes (Fig. 1Figure 1
Intensity of Pain Caused by Diabetic Neuropathy during Treatment with Amitriptyline and Desipramine in 38 Patients (Panel A) and during Treatment with Fluoxetine and Placebo in 46 Patients (Panel B).) on the basis of ratio-scaling procedures that demonstrated good internal consistency, reliability, and objectivity.18 The scale has distinguished active from control interventions in studies of experimental19 20 21 22 23 and clinical2 , 11 12 13 pain. At the end of each treatment period, the patients made global ratings of their pain relief (complete, a lot, moderate, slight, none, or pain worse), as compared with the base-line level of pain preceding the trial of that pair of drugs, and their pain diaries were collected. The study physician examined the patients before and at the end of each treatment period. The patients continued to see their primary physicians for control of diabetes and for general medical care.A psychiatrist interviewed each patient before treatment to determine whether he or she was depressed according to the criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (third edition, revised) for major depressive episode and dysthymic disorder.24 Before and at the end of each six-week treatment period, mood was assessed according to the Hamilton depression scale (21-item version).25
Drug Concentrations
Serum concentrations of desipramine, amitriptyline, and fluoxetine and their major metabolites were determined in blood samples drawn within 24 hours after the last dose was given at the end of each treatment period. Desipramine, 2-hydroxydesipramine, amitriptyline, nortriptyline, and 10-hydroxynortriptyline were measured by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with a cyanopropyl column and ultraviolet detection at 254 nm after extraction from serum.26 Fluoxetine and norfluoxetine were measured by gas—liquid chromatography (Wisconsin Analytical and Research Services, Madison).
Statistical Analysis
The verbal descriptors in the pain diary were converted to numerical equivalents.20 For each pair of treatments the mean pain scores in week 6 were compared within patients by paired, two-tailed t-test. Period effects and interactions between treatment and period were examined for scores in week 6 by t-test.27 On the basis of the variance from a previous study,2 we calculated that a sample of 40 patients per paired crossover study would provide an 80 percent chance of detecting, at an alpha level of 0.05, a mean difference between treatments equivalent to approximately one third of the difference between mild and moderate pain. For patients randomized among all four possible treatments, the differences between week 6 and base-line pain with the study drugs were compared with the differences with placebo by one-way analysis of variance, followed by the one-tailed Dunnett's test.
Results
Fifty-seven patients were randomly assigned to a study; among them, 29 were assigned to the desipramine—amitriptyline study and 28 to the fluoxetine—placebo study. Seventeen additional patients were nonrandomly assigned to the fluoxetine—placebo study because of contraindications to amitriptyline or desipramine. Five additional patients entered the desipramine—amitriptyline study after the fluoxetine-placebo study had filled. After completion of their initial study, 20 patients who had received fluoxetine and placebo then entered the desipramine—amitriptyline study, and 9 who had received desipramine and amitriptyline then entered the fluoxetine—placebo study. The clinical characteristics of the patients in each study were similar (Table 1). Thirty-eight patients completed the desipramine—amitriptyline study, and 46 completed the fluoxetine—placebo study. Because of adverse effects or voluntary withdrawal, 16 patients did not complete the desipramine—amitriptyline study and 8 patients did not complete the fluoxetine—placebo study.
Effects of Treatment
Relief of Pain
Figure 1 shows the weekly mean scores from the pain diaries and Table 2Table 2
Global Ratings of Relief of Pain in Patients with Painful Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy.* the global pain-relief ratings for the patients who completed at least one study, including those who were randomly assigned and those who were not. The magnitude and statistical significance of the paired comparisons between desipramine and amitriptyline or fluoxetine and placebo within patients were similar whether we restricted the comparison to patients randomly assigned to either study or included patients who were nonrandomly assigned.In the desipramine—amitriptyline study (Fig. 1A) there was a steady decline in pain during the four weeks of dose titration with either drug, and slight additional relief of pain during weeks 5 and 6. The pain returned after either drug was discontinued, and then declined during treatment with the other drug. There were no statistically significant differences in pain scores between the amitriptyline and desipramine periods. For all 38 patients who completed the desipramine—amitriptyline study, the mean difference in diary scores during the last week of treatment favored amitriptyline by 0.07 unit (95 percent confidence interval, —0.04 to 0.18), where 0.35 unit was the difference between moderate and mild pain.20 This difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.21 by two-tailed paired t-test). Using the global descriptors of pain relief (Table 2), 74 percent of the patients reported moderate or greater relief during treatment with amitriptyline, as compared with 61 percent during treatment with desipramine (P not significant by two-tailed paired Wilcoxon signed-rank test). There were no significant period or carry-over effects. The degree of pain relief was similar in patients with the various qualities of pain listed in Table 1.
In the fluoxetine—placebo study (Fig. 1B), there was a moderate decrease in pain during the first period of treatment with either fluoxetine or placebo, but both treatments had minimal effects during the second period. There were no statistically significant differences between fluoxetine and placebo. For the 46 patients who completed this study, the mean difference in pain scores during the last week of treatment favored fluoxetine by 0.05 unit (95 percent confidence interval, —0.06 to 0.17; P = 0.34 by two-tailed paired t-test). Using the global descriptors of pain relief (Table 2), 48 percent of the patients reported moderate or greater relief during treatment with fluoxetine, as compared with 41 percent during treatment with placebo (P not significant by two-tailed paired Wilcoxon signed-rank test). There were no significant period or carry-over effects.
The results of intention-to-treat analyses were similar to those of the analyses described above. Similarly, excluding patients in whom insomnia developed with fluoxetine or desipramine did not alter the results.
Figure 2Figure 2
Mean Change from Base Line in the Intensity of Pain Caused by Diabetic Neuropathy during the First Treatment Period in 12 Patients Who Received Amitriptyline (•), 13 Who Received Desipramine (■), 12 Who Received Fluoxetine (□), and 15 Who Received Placebo (○). shows the changes in the intensity of pain during the first treatment period in the 52 patients for whom random assignment to either study arm permitted statistical comparison among all four treatments. The mean (±SE) pain-diary scores decreased by 0.47±0.09 unit in the 12 patients who received amitriptyline, 0.45±0.12 unit in the 13 patients who received desipramine, 0.35±0.11 unit in the 12 patients who received fluoxetine, and 0.15±0.07 unit in the 15 patients who received placebo. The decreases in pain were significantly larger in the patients given amitriptyline or desipramine than in those given placebo (P<0.05 by one-tailed Dunnett's test), but not significantly larger than the decrease in the patients given fluoxetine.Mood and Pain Relief
The psychiatrist diagnosed depression in 15 of the 54 patients who entered the amitriptyline—desipramine study and in 16 of the 54 who entered the fluoxetine—placebo study; the mean (±SD) scores on the Hamilton scale in the subgroups of patients who were depressed were 15±5 and 17±6, respectively. The Hamilton scores improved significantly during treatment with fluoxetine or amitriptyline (P<0.05), but not during treatment with desipramine or placebo.
Among the patients who were depressed, the decrease in pain score was larger in those who received fluoxetine than in those who received placebo (Table 3Table 3
Pain Relief and Depression in Patients with Painful Diabetic Neuropathy.). The changes in these patients accounted for the nonsignificant trend toward greater improvement with fluoxetine than with placebo in all 46 patients who completed the study. Amitriptyline and desipramine reduced pain by similar amounts in both depressed and nondepressed patients.Drug Doses, Serum Concentrations, and Pain Relief
The mean (±SD) daily drug doses during week 6 were 105±37 mg in the patients who received amitriptyline, 111±39 mg in those who received desipramine, 40 mg in those who received fluoxetine (except one who took 20 mg per day), and 1.3±0.2 mg of benztropine in those who received placebo. There were no significant correlations between relief of pain and the dosage or serum concentration of amitriptyline, desipramine, or fluoxetine (Fig. 3Figure 3
Decrease in Pain Score According to Serum Concentration of Amitriptyline, Desipramine, or Fluoxetine in Patients with Painful Diabetic Neuropathy.), the serum concentrations of their respective active metabolites (nortriptyline and 10-hydroxynortriptyline, 2-hydroxydesipramine, and norfluoxetine), or the sum of the serum concentrations of each parent drug and its active metabolites.Adverse Effects
Symptoms possibly related to study drugs caused seven patients to drop out while receiving amitriptyline (confusion in two patients and orthostatic hypotension, fatigue, malaise, hypomania, and rash in one patient each). Similarly, seven patients dropped out while receiving desipramine (because of rash in three and orthostatic hypotension, bundle-branch block, tremor, and fever in one each). Three patients dropped out while receiving fluoxetine (because of orthostatic hypotension, rash, and headache, respectively), and two patients dropped out while receiving placebo (because of fatigue and chest pain, respectively). Table 4Table 4
Side Effects of Amitriptyline and Desipramine in 38 Patients and of Fluoxetine and Placebo in 46 Patients. shows the relative frequency of common side effects during the administration of each drug. Drugrelated insomnia required rescheduling the administration of fluoxetine and desipramine to the morning in seven and five patients, respectively, and probably weakened the double-blind conditions for these patients. Other side effects occurred more commonly with a particular drug, but occasionally with all drugs.Discussion
We found that the efficacy of desipramine was similar to that of amitriptyline, the standard therapy for the relief of pain caused by diabetic neuropathy. The superiority of both amitriptyline and desipramine to placebo in the subgroup of patients randomized among all four regimens demonstrates the sensitivity of the study methods to differences in treatment efficacy.28 , 29 As in previous studies,2 , 3 , 11 , 13 both drugs were as effective in patients with normal mood as in depressed patients, suggesting that the relief of pain was not mediated solely through a change in mood. Although the frequency of most side effects except dry mouth and insomnia was similar during the four regimens, sedation and anticholinergic effects are usually more prominent with amitriptyline than with desipramine.30 , 31 Desipramine may therefore be a useful alternative in patients unable to tolerate the side effects of amitriptyline. Because the pain scores and the global ratings of pain relief favored amitriptyline slightly, we recommend that amitriptyline remain the treatment of choice for patients in whom sedative and anticholinergic effects are unlikely to pose hazards.
Fluoxetine had no greater analgesic effect than placebo except in the minority of patients who were depressed. The finding that amitriptyline and desipramine were superior to placebo increases the likelihood that fluoxetine was ineffective. Other doses of fluoxetine might have been more effective, but we found the relief of pain to be no greater in patients who had serum concentrations of fluoxetine or norfluoxetine that were higher or lower than the mean. In contrast to its lack of effect in patients with normal mood, fluoxetine decreased the level of pain in the 13 depressed patients, underscoring the importance of recognizing depression in patients with chronic pain.32
Unlike previous studies in which there was a positive correlation between pain relief and the dose of amitriptyline (up to 150 mg per day),2 , 13 this study found no correlation between pain relief and drug dose or serum concentrations of amitriptyline, desipramine, or their active metabolites. These results allow only the conclusion that doses of desipramine or amitriptyline ranging from 75 to 150 mg per day are likely to be effective.
The efficacy of desipramine in relieving pain supports the hypothesis that a blockade of the reuptake of norepinephrine mediates much or all of the analgesia produced by tricyclic compounds in patients with neuropathic pain. In fact, virtually all the antidepressant drugs that have relieved neuropathic pain in placebo-controlled trials — amitriptyline,2 , 3 , 13 desipramine,11 , 12 nortriptyline,33 imipramine,34 and clomipramine35 —block the reuptake of norepinephrine or have an active metabolite that does so.36 Fluoxetine, the selective blocker of serotonin reuptake, was ineffective in this study, suggesting that serotonin is not the primary mediator of amitriptyline analgesia. Watson and Evans14 came to a similar conclusion after finding that zimeldine, which blocks the reuptake of serotonin, did not relieve postherpetic neuralgia in any of 13 patients who subsequently responded to amitriptyline. The single exception to this pattern is a recent report by Sindrup et al.37 that paroxetine, which blocks the reuptake of serotonin, reduced symptoms more than did placebo in 14 of 20 patients with diabetic neuropathy. In their study, paroxetine was less effective than imipramine, which blocks the reuptake of both norepinephrine and serotonin.4 , 38 Perhaps the blockade of serotonin reuptake is no more than weakly analgesic by itself, but augments the analgesic effect of blocking the reuptake of norepinephrine.39 This could account for the moderate trend toward more pain relief with amitriptyline, which blocks the reuptake of serotonin as well as norepinephrine,4 , 38 than with desipramine.
Other mechanisms might contribute to the relief of pain produced by amitriptyline and desipramine. Amitriptyline and, to a lesser extent, desipramine (but not fluoxetine) block histamine H1, alpha1-adrenergic, and muscarinic cholinergic receptors.4 , 40 Antihistamines are known to be effective in patients with postoperative and musculoskeletal pain, but there are no controlled studies in patients with neuropathic pain.41 Alpha1-adrenergic antagonists have been reported to be effective in some patients with neuropathic pain.42 Because benztropine had far less efficacy than desipramine at doses that produced similar side effects, an anticholinergic mechanism of analgesia appears unlikely. The results of this study suggest two additional steps toward more selective drug treatment of neuropathic pain — the development of blockers of norepinephrine reuptake that are free of alpha1-adrenergic or histamine antagonism, and clinical trials of antihistamine H1 drugs.
Presented in part at the 42nd Annual Meeting of the American Academy of Neurology, Miami Beach, Fla., May 4, 1990.
We are indebted to Dr. Stephen Zalcman for providing the 2-hydroxydesipramine standard, to Dr. David Remy of Merck Sharp and Dohme for the 10-hydroxynortriptyline standard, to Eli Lilly Research Laboratories for providing support for the fluoxetine and norfluoxetine assays, to Dr. Gary Bennett and Dr. Markku Linnoila for thoughtful review of the manuscript, and to Mr. Thomas Hart for performing the assays of amitriptyline, desipramine, and their metabolites.
Source Information
From the Neurobiology and Anesthesiology Branch, National Institute of Dental Research (M.B.M., S.A.L., B.S., R.D.), the Clinical Center Nursing Department (J.M.), and the Laboratory of Clinical Studies, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (S.E.S.), all at the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md. Address reprint requests to Dr. Max at the NIDR/NIH Pain Research Clinic, National Institutes of Health, Bldg. 10, Rm. 3C–405, Bethesda, MD 20892.
- References
References
1
Fields HL, ed. Pain syndromes in neurology. London: Butterworths, 1990.
2
Max
Web of Science | Medline3
Watson
Web of Science | Medline4
Richelson E. Antidepressants: pharmacology and clinical use. In: American Psychiatric Association Task Force on Treatments of Psychiatric Disorders. Treatments of psychiatric disorders. Vol. 3. Washington, D.C.: American Psychiatric Association, 1989:1773–86.
5
Basbaum
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline6
Dubner
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline7
Besson J-M, ed. Serotonin and pain: proceedings of the International Symposium on Serotonin and Pain, La Roque-Gageae, September 17—21, 1989. Amsterdam: Excerpta Medica, 1990.
8
Sagen
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline9
Esler
Web of Science | Medline10
Fuller
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline11
Kishore-Kumar
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline12
Max
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline13
Max
Web of Science | Medline14
Watson
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline15
Kishore-Kumar
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline16
Rudorfer MV, Potter WZ. Pharmacokinetics of antidepressants. In: Meltzer HY, ed. Psychopharmacology: the third generation of progress. New York: Raven Press, 1987:1353–63.
17
Bergstrom
Web of Science18
Gracely
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline19
Gracely
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline20
Gracely
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline21
Heft
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline22
Gracely
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline23
Heft
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline24
Mood disorders. In: Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. 3rd ed. rev. DSM-III-R. Washington, D.C.: American Psychiatric Association, 1987:213–33.
25
Hamilton
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline26
Kenney
Web of Science | Medline27
Pocock SJ. Clinical trials: a practical approach. Chichester, England: John Wiley, 1983:116–7.
28
Modell
Web of Science | Medline29
Max MB, Laska EM. Single-dose analgesic comparisons. In: Max MB, Portenoy RK, Laska EM, eds. The design of analgesic clinical trials. Vol. 18 of Advances in pain research and therapy. New York: Raven Press, 1991: 55–95.
30
Blackwell 31
Shader RI, Kennedy JS. Biological treatment. In: Kaplan HI, Sadock BJ, eds. Comprehensive textbook of psychiatry. 5th ed. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins, 1989:2037–49.
32
Ward NG. Pain and depression. In: Bonica JJ, ed. The management of pain. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger, 1990:310–9.
33
Gomez-Perez
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline34
Kvinesdal
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline35
Langohr
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline36
Potter WZ, Rudorfer MV, Lane EA. Active metabolites of antidepressants: pharmacodynamics and relevant pharmacokinetics. In: Usdin E, Åsberg M, Bertilsson L, Sjöqvist F, eds. Frontiers in biochemical and pharmacological research in depression. Vol. 39 of Advances in biochemical research in depression. New York: Raven Press, 1984:373–90.
37
Sindrup
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline38
Richelson
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline39
Watson
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline40
Richelson
Web of Science | Medline41
Rumore
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline42
Ghostine
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline
- Citing Articles (327)
Citing Articles
1
2011. Complications Associated with Diabetes. , 201-249.
CrossRef2
Thomas M. Tzschentke, Joost H.A. Folgering, Gunnar Flik, Jean De Vry. (2011) Tapentadol increases levels of noradrenaline in the rat spinal cord as measured by in vivo microdialysis. Neuroscience Letters
CrossRef3
Gwenyth R. Wallen, Karen Baker, Marilyn Stolar, Claiborne Miller-Davis, Nancy Ames, Jan Yates, Jacques Bolle, Donna Pereira, Diane St. Germain, Daniel Handel, Ann Berger. (2011) Palliative care outcomes in surgical oncology patients with advanced malignancies: a mixed methods approach. Quality of Life Research
CrossRef4
A. Hartemann, N. Attal, D. Bouhassira, I. Dumont, H. Gin, S. Jeanne, G. Said, J.-L. Richard. (2011) Painful diabetic neuropathy: Diagnosis and management. Diabetes & Metabolism 37:5, 377-388
CrossRef5
Charlotte Brasch-Andersen, Malik U. Møller, Lene Christiansen, Mikael Thinggaard, Marit Otto, Kim Brøsen, Søren H. Sindrup. (2011) A candidate gene study of serotonergic pathway genes and pain relief during treatment with escitalopram in patients with neuropathic pain shows significant association to serotonin receptor2C (HTR2C). European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 67:11, 1131-1137
CrossRef6
Charles Argoff. (2011) Mechanisms of pain transmission and pharmacologic management. Current Medical Research and Opinion 27:10, 2019-2031
CrossRef7
Peyman Kabolizadeh, Brigitte J. Engelmann, Nicholas Pullen, Jennifer K. Stewart, John J. Ryan, Nicholas P. Farrell. (2011) Platinum anticancer agents and antidepressants: desipramine enhances platinum-based cytotoxicity in human colon cancer cells. JBIC Journal of Biological Inorganic Chemistry
CrossRef8
A. Hartemann, N. Attal, D. Bouhassira, I. Dumont, H. Gin, S. Jeanne, G. Said, J.-L. Richard. (2011) Prise en charge de la polyneuropathie diabétique douloureuse. Médecine des Maladies Métaboliques 5:5, H1-H34
CrossRef9
Vera Bril, John D. England, Gary M. Franklin, Miroslav Backonja, Jeffrey A. Cohen, David R. Del Toro, Eva L. Feldman, Donald J. Iverson, Bruce Perkins, James W. Russell, Douglas W. Zochodne. (2011) Evidence-based guideline: Treatment of painful diabetic neuropathy-report of the american association of neuromuscular and electrodiagnostic medicine, the american academy of neurology, and the american academy of physical medicine & rehabilitation. Muscle & Nerve 43:6, 910-917
CrossRef10
Vera Bril, John England, Gary M. Franklin, Miroslav Backonja, Jeffrey Cohen, David Del Toro, Eva Feldman, Donald J. Iverson, Bruce Perkins, James W. Russell, Douglas Zochodne. (2011) Evidence-based Guideline: Treatment of Painful Diabetic Neuropathy. PM&R 3:4, 345-352.e21
CrossRef11
Michael E. Schatman. (2011) The Role of the Health Insurance Industry in Perpetuating Suboptimal Pain Management. Pain Medicine 12:3, 415-426
CrossRef12
Géza Nagy, Klára Rosta, Barbara Szémán, Mária Sasvári-Székely, Anikó Somogyi. (2011) A depresszió és a diabetes kapcsolatának klinikai vonatkozásai. Orvosi Hetilap 152:13, 498-504
CrossRef13
Howard S. Smith, Charles E. Argoff. (2011) Pharmacological Treatment of Diabetic Neuropathic Pain. Drugs 71:5, 557-589
CrossRef14
Minghan Wang. 2011. Current Antidiabetic Therapies and Mechanisms. , 253-278.
CrossRef15
Brian Hainline. (2011) Neuropathic Pain: Mind-body Considerations. Neurologic Clinics 29:1, 19-33
CrossRef16
Solomon Tesfaye. (2011) Recent advances in the management of diabetic distal symmetrical polyneuropathy. Journal of Diabetes Investigation 2:1, 33-42
CrossRef17
Bassam A. Bassam, Tulio E. Bertorini. 2011. Neuromuscular Manifestations of Acquired Metabolic, Endocrine, and Nutritional Disorders. , 373-393.
CrossRef18
William M. Mitchell, Charles F. von Gunten. 2011. Approach to the management of cancer pain. , 511-519.
CrossRef19
James Celestin, Ajay D. Wasan. 2011. Psychopharmacology for pain medicine. , 114-122.
CrossRef20
Oliver Freudenreich, Nicholas Kontos, Shamim H. Nejad, Anne F. Gross. (2010) An Approach to Symptoms at the Interface of Medicine and Psychiatry: Pain, Insomnia, Weight Loss and Anorexia, Fatigue and Forgetfulness, and Sexual Dysfunction. Medical Clinics of North America 94:6, 1217-1227
CrossRef21
Payman Vahedi, Firooz Salehpour, Dawood Aghamohammadi, Mohammad Shimia, Iraj Lotfinia, Zahra Mohajernezhadfard, Yazdan Vahedi. (2010) Single Dose Preemptive Amitriptyline Reduces Postoperative Neuropathic Pain After Lumbar Laminectomy and Discectomy. Neurosurgery Quarterly 20:3, 151-158
CrossRef22
Steven Ganzberg. (2010) Pain Management Part II: Pharmacologic Management of Chronic Orofacial Pain. Anesthesia Progress 57:3, 114-119
CrossRef23
Wolfgang Schröder, Jean De Vry, Thomas M. Tzschentke, Ulrich Jahnel, Thomas Christoph. (2010) Differential contribution of opioid and noradrenergic mechanisms of tapentadol in rat models of nociceptive and neuropathic pain. European Journal of Pain 14:8, 814-821
CrossRef24
Geoff A. Bellingham, Philip W.H. Peng. (2010) Duloxetine. Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine 35:3, 294-303
CrossRef25
Rishabh Dev, Punit Kumar Srivastava, Jitesh P Iyer, Sunanda G Dastidar, Abhijit Ray. (2010) Therapeutic potential of matrix metalloprotease inhibitors in neuropathic pain. Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs 19:4, 455-468
CrossRef26
Rajpreet Bal, Lakesha Legree, Sudhir Diwan. (2010) Nonopioid analgesic pipeline: Pharmacology, safety, tolerability, and potential advantages over established agents. Techniques in Regional Anesthesia and Pain Management 14:2, 75-85
CrossRef27
Michel Barrot, Ipek Yalcin, Luc-Henri Tessier, Marie-José Freund-Mercier. (2010) Antidepressant treatment of neuropathic pain: looking for the mechanism. Future Neurology 5:2, 247-257
CrossRef28
Alec B. O'Connor, Robert H. Dworkin. 2010. Clinical Trial Design for Chronic Pain Treatments. , 14-30.
CrossRef29
Christina Daousi, Turo J. Nurmikko. 2010. Painful Diabetic Neuropathy. , 204-221.
CrossRef30
Thomas Christoph, Jean De Vry, Thomas M. Tzschentke. (2010) Tapentadol, but not morphine, selectively inhibits disease-related thermal hyperalgesia in a mouse model of diabetic neuropathic pain. Neuroscience Letters 470:2, 91-94
CrossRef31
Rodica Pop-Busui, Laurel Roberts, Subramaniam Pennathur, Mathias Kretzler, Frank C. Brosius, Eva L. Feldman. (2010) The Management of Diabetic Neuropathy in CKD. American Journal of Kidney Diseases 55:2, 365-385
CrossRef32
Oscar A. de Leon-Casasola. (2010) Multimodal, Multiclass, Multidisciplinary Therapy. The Clinical Journal of Pain 26:Supplement 10, S1-S2
CrossRef33
Diana D. Cardenas, Elizabeth R. Felix. (2009) Pain after Spinal Cord Injury: A Review of Classification, Treatment Approaches, and Treatment Assessment. PM&R 1:12, 1077-1090
CrossRef34
David R.P. Guay. (2009) Is Tapentadol an Advance on Tramadol?. The Consultant Pharmacist 24:11, 833-840
CrossRef35
D. Bansal, A. Bhansali, D. Hota, A. Chakrabarti, P. Dutta. (2009) Amitriptyline vs. pregabalin in painful diabetic neuropathy: a randomized double blind clinical trial. Diabetic Medicine 26:10, 1019-1026
CrossRef36
Kirsty Bannister, Lucy A. Bee, Anthony H. Dickenson. (2009) Preclinical and early clinical investigations related to monoaminergic pain modulation. Neurotherapeutics 6:4, 703-712
CrossRef37
Shuxing Wang, Lin Zhang, Grewo Lim, Backil Sung, Yinghong Tian, Chiu-Wen Chou, Hayley Hernstadt, Gabriel Rusanescu, Yuxin Ma, Jianren Mao. (2009) A combined effect of dextromethorphan and melatonin on neuropathic pain behavior in rats. Brain Research 1288, 42-49
CrossRef38
Michael Schäfer. (2009) Novel concepts for analgesia in severe pain – current strategies and future innovations. European Journal of Pain Supplements 3:1, 6-10
CrossRef39
R.-D. Treede. (2009) Vom Tiermodell zur Diabeteskomplikation. Der Diabetologe 5:5, 344-349
CrossRef40
Mark Sullivan, Susan Bentley, Ming-Yu Fan, Greg Gardner. (2009) A Single-Blind Placebo Run-In Study of Venlafaxine XR for Activity-Limiting Osteoarthritis Pain. Pain Medicine 10:5, 806-812
CrossRef41
Solomon Tesfaye. (2009) Advances in the management of diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Current Opinion in Supportive and Palliative Care 3:2, 136-143
CrossRef42
Kurt Kroenke, Erin E. Krebs, Matthew J. Bair. (2009) Pharmacotherapy of chronic pain: a synthesis of recommendations from systematic reviews. General Hospital Psychiatry 31:3, 206-219
CrossRef43
J. Hampton Atkinson, Shetal M. Patel, Jonathan M. Meyer, Mark A. Slater, Sidney Zisook, Edmund Capparelli. (2009) Is there a therapeutic window with some antidepressants for analgesic response?. Current Pain and Headache Reports 13:2, 93-99
CrossRef44
Eduardo Achar, Thiago T Maciel, Carlos F Collares, Vicente P C Teixeira, Nestor Schor. (2009) Amitriptyline attenuates interstitial inflammation and ameliorates the progression of renal fibrosis. Kidney International 75:6, 596-604
CrossRef45
Ronald J Ellis, Will Toperoff, Florin Vaida, Geoffrey van den Brande, James Gonzales, Ben Gouaux, Heather Bentley, J Hampton Atkinson. (2009) Smoked Medicinal Cannabis for Neuropathic Pain in HIV: A Randomized, Crossover Clinical Trial. Neuropsychopharmacology 34:3, 672-680
CrossRef46
Alec B. OʼConnor. (2009) Neuropathic Pain. PharmacoEconomics 27:2, 95-112
CrossRef47
Ajay D. Wasan, Howard S. Smith, Charles E. Argoff. 2009. ANTIDEPRESSANTS. , 448-458.
CrossRef48
Simon Haroutiunian, Shimon Lecht, Arik A. Zur, Amnon Hoffman, Elyad Davidson. (2009) The Challenge of Pain Management in Patients With Myasthenia Gravis. Journal of Pain and Palliative Care Pharmacotherapy 23:3, 242-260
CrossRef49
Jordan F. Karp, Debra K. Weiner, Mary A. Dew, Amy Begley, Mark D. Miller, Charles F. Reynolds. (2009) Duloxetine and care management treatment of older adults with comorbid major depressive disorder and chronic low back pain: results of an open-label pilot study. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatryn/a-n/a
CrossRef50
Scrivani, Steven J., Keith, David A., Kaban, Leonard B., . (2008) Temporomandibular Disorders. New England Journal of Medicine 359:25, 2693-2705
Full Text51
David A. Fishbain, Michael J. Detke, Joachim Wernicke, Amy S. Chappell, Daniel K. Kajdasz. (2008) The relationship between antidepressant and analgesic responses: findings from six placebo-controlled trials assessing the efficacy of duloxetine in patients with major depressive disorder. Current Medical Research and Opinion 24:11, 3105-3115
CrossRef52
Malika Benbouzid, Nada Choucair-Jaafar, Ipek Yalcin, Elisabeth Waltisperger, André Muller, Marie José Freund-Mercier, Michel Barrot. (2008) Chronic, but not acute, tricyclic antidepressant treatment alleviates neuropathic allodynia after sciatic nerve cuffing in mice. European Journal of Pain 12:8, 1008-1017
CrossRef53
Marit Otto, Flemming W. Bach, Troels S. Jensen, Kim Brøsen, Søren H. Sindrup. (2008) Escitalopram in painful polyneuropathy: A randomized, placebo-controlled, cross-over trial. Pain 139:2, 275-283
CrossRef54
James L. Edwards, Andrea M. Vincent, Hsinlin T. Cheng, Eva L. Feldman. (2008) Diabetic neuropathy: Mechanisms to management. Pharmacology & Therapeutics 120:1, 1-34
CrossRef55
Wenjian Xu, David L. Gray, Shelly A. Glase, Nancy S. Barta. (2008) Design and synthesis of reboxetine analogs morpholine derivatives as selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors. Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters 18:20, 5550-5553
CrossRef56
Yuji Omiya, Mitsutoshi Yuzurihara, Yasuyuki Suzuki, Yoshio Kase, Toru Kono. (2008) Role of α2-adrenoceptors in enhancement of antinociceptive effect in diabetic mice. European Journal of Pharmacology 592:1-3, 62-66
CrossRef57
J. Robinson Singleton, Billie Bixby, James W. Russell, Eva L. Feldman, Amanda Peltier, Jonathan Goldstein, James Howard, A. Gordon Smith. (2008) The Utah Early Neuropathy Scale: a sensitive clinical scale for early sensory predominant neuropathy. Journal of the Peripheral Nervous System 13:3, 218-227
CrossRef58
Mark B. Bromberg. (2008) Quality of Life in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics of North America 19:3, 591-605
CrossRef59
Sherry Wolf, Debra Barton, Lisa Kottschade, Axel Grothey, Charles Loprinzi. (2008) Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy: Prevention and treatment strategies. European Journal of Cancer 44:11, 1507-1515
CrossRef60
Kiyomi Matsuzawa-Yanagida, Minoru Narita, Mayumi Nakajima, Naoko Kuzumaki, Keiichi Niikura, Hiroyuki Nozaki, Tomoe Takagi, Eiko Tamai, Nana Hareyama, Mioko Terada, Mitsuaki Yamazaki, Tsutomu Suzuki. (2008) Usefulness of Antidepressants for Improving the Neuropathic Pain-Like State and Pain-Induced Anxiety through Actions at Different Brain Sites. Neuropsychopharmacology 33:8, 1952-1965
CrossRef61
Ali Kemal Kadiroglu, Dede Sit, Hasan Kayabasi, Alpaslan Kemal Tuzcu, Nebahat Tasdemir, M. Emin Yilmaz. (2008) The effect of venlafaxine HCl on painful peripheral diabetic neuropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Journal of Diabetes and its Complications 22:4, 241-245
CrossRef62
Stefan Begré, Martin Traber, Martin Gerber, Roland von Känel. (2008) Change in pain severity with open label venlafaxine use in patients with a depressive symptomatology: An observational study in primary care. European Psychiatry 23:3, 178-186
CrossRef63
Qing Zeng, Shuxing Wang, Grewo Lim, Liling Yang, Ji Mao, Backil Sung, Yang Chang, Jeong-Ae Lim, Gongshe Guo, Jianren Mao. (2008) Exacerbated mechanical allodynia in rats with depression-like behavior. Brain Research 1200, 27-38
CrossRef64
Victor Chang, Peter Gonzalez, Venu Akuthota. (2008) Evidence-informed management of chronic low back pain with adjunctive analgesics. The Spine Journal 8:1, 21-27
CrossRef65
Che S Zin, Lisa M Nissen, Maree T Smith, James P O’Callaghan, Brendan J Moore. (2008) An Update on the Pharmacological Management of Post-Herpetic Neuralgia and Painful Diabetic Neuropathy. CNS Drugs 22:5, 417-442
CrossRef66
Alec B O’Connor, Katia Noyes, Robert G Holloway. (2008) A Cost-Utility Comparison of Four First-Line Medications in Painful Diabetic Neuropathy. PharmacoEconomics 26:12, 1045-1064
CrossRef67
Bénédicte Verdu, Isabelle Decosterd, Thierry Buclin, Friedrich Stiefel, Alexandre Berney. (2008) Antidepressants for the Treatment of Chronic Pain. Drugs 68:18, 2611-2632
CrossRef68
Gary McCleane. (2008) Antidepressants as Analgesics. CNS Drugs 22:2, 139-156
CrossRef69
Gary McCleane. 2008. Antidepressants as Analgesics. , 643-657.
CrossRef70
Michel Luyckx. 2008. Traitement de la douleur. , 723-751.
CrossRef71
Helena Knotkova, Marco Pappagallo. (2007) Adjuvant Analgesics. Anesthesiology Clinics 25:4, 775-786
CrossRef72
James F. Cleary. (2007) The Pharmacologic Management of Cancer Pain. Journal of Palliative Medicine 10:6, 1369-1394
CrossRef73
Diana H. Rintala, Sally Ann Holmes, Daisy Courtade, Richard Neil Fiess, Luz Viviana Tastard, Paul G. Loubser. (2007) Comparison of the Effectiveness of Amitriptyline and Gabapentin on Chronic Neuropathic Pain in Persons With Spinal Cord Injury. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 88:12, 1547-1560
CrossRef74
Robert H. Dworkin, Alec B. O’Connor, Miroslav Backonja, John T. Farrar, Nanna B. Finnerup, Troels S. Jensen, Eija A. Kalso, John D. Loeser, Christine Miaskowski, Turo J. Nurmikko, Russell K. Portenoy, Andrew S.C. Rice, Brett R. Stacey, Rolf-Detlef Treede, Dennis C. Turk, Mark S. Wallace. (2007) Pharmacologic management of neuropathic pain: Evidence-based recommendations. PAIN 132:3, 237-251
CrossRef75
Michael W Jann, Julian H Slade. (2007) Antidepressant Agents for the Treatment of Chronic Pain and Depression. Pharmacotherapy 27:11, 1571-1587
CrossRef76
A. Shojaie Fard, M. Esmaelzadeh, B. Larijani. (2007) Assessment and treatment of diabetic foot ulcer. International Journal of Clinical Practice 61:11, 1931-1938
CrossRef77
Paul A. Moore, James Guggenheimer, Trevor Orchard. (2007) Burning mouth syndrome and peripheral neuropathy in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Journal of Diabetes and its Complications 21:6, 397-402
CrossRef78
M. Braš. (2007) Psychopharmacothérapie des comorbidités psychiatriques chez les patients douloureux chroniques. L'Encéphale 33:5, 859-862
CrossRef79
Tiina Saarto, Philip J Wiffen, Tiina Saarto. 2007. Antidepressants for neuropathic pain. .
CrossRef80
Amy M. Barrett, Melanie A. Lucero, Trong Le, Rebecca L. Robinson, Robert H. Dworkin, Amy S. Chappell. (2007) Epidemiology, Public Health Burden, and Treatment of Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathic Pain: A Review. Pain Medicine 8:s2 Duloxetine, S50-S62
CrossRef81
N.J. Colson, F. Fernandez, L.R. Griffiths. (2007) Migraine genetics and prospects for pharmacotherapy. Drug Development Research 68:6, 282-293
CrossRef82
Heidi Prather, John O. Watson, Louis A. Gilula. (2007) Nonoperative management of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures. Injury 38:3, 40-48
CrossRef83
Shuxing Wang, Grewo Lim, Ji Mao, Backil Sung, Liling Yang, Jianren Mao. (2007) Central glucocorticoid receptors regulate the upregulation of spinal cannabinoid-1 receptors after peripheral nerve injury in rats. Pain 131:1-2, 96-105
CrossRef84
Heidi Prather, Devyani Hunt, John O. Watson, Louis A. Gilula. (2007) Conservative Care for Patients with Osteoporotic Vertebral Compression Fractures. Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics of North America 18:3, 577-591
CrossRef85
Douglas W. Zochodne. (2007) Diabetes mellitus and the peripheral nervous system: Manifestations and mechanisms. Muscle & Nerve 36:2, 144-166
CrossRef86
Anjali Bhagra, Ravi D. Rao. (2007) Chemotherapy-induced neuropathy. Current Oncology Reports 9:4, 290-299
CrossRef87
Juan J. Archelos. (2007) Therapieoptionen der schmerzhaften diabetischen Polyneuropathie. Wiener klinische Wochenschrift 119:7-8, 205-216
CrossRef88
Ivy E. Dick, Richard M. Brochu, Yamini Purohit, Gregory J. Kaczorowski, William J. Martin, Birgit T. Priest. (2007) Sodium Channel Blockade May Contribute to the Analgesic Efficacy of Antidepressants. The Journal of Pain 8:4, 315-324
CrossRef89
J. Hampton Atkinson, Mark A. Slater, Edmund V. Capparelli, Mark S. Wallace, Sidney Zisook, Ian Abramson, Scott C. Matthews, Steven R. Garfin. (2007) Efficacy of Noradrenergic and Serotonergic Antidepressants in Chronic Back Pain. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology 27:2, 135-142
CrossRef90
Sotirios Giannopoulos, Maria Kosmidou, Ioannis Sarmas, Sofia Markoula, Sigliti-Henrietta Pelidou, Georgios Lagos, Athanassios P. Kyritsis. (2007) Patient Compliance With SSRIs and Gabapentin in Painful Diabetic Neuropathy. The Clinical Journal of Pain 23:3, 267-269
CrossRef91
Sean Mackey, Steven Feinberg. (2007) Pharmacologic therapies for complex regional pain syndrome. Current Pain and Headache Reports 11:1, 38-43
CrossRef92
Ariel Berger, Ellen Dukes, John Edelsberg, Brett Stacey, Gerry Oster. (2007) Use of Tricyclic Antidepressants in Older Patients With Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy. The Clinical Journal of Pain 23:3, 251-258
CrossRef93
Bettina K. Beyreuther, Joachim Freitag, Cara Heers, Niels Krebsfänger, Ute Scharfenecker, Thomas Stöhr. (2007) Lacosamide: A Review of Preclinical Properties. CNS Drug Reviews 13:1, 21-42
CrossRef94
Josée Guindon, Jean-Sébastien Walczak, Pierre Beaulieu. (2007) Recent Advances in the Pharmacological Management of Pain. Drugs 67:15, 2121-2133
CrossRef95
C. Peter, N. Watson, Mary L. Chipman, Richard C. Monks. 2007. Analgésicos antidepresivos. , 493-509.
CrossRef96
R Norman Harden. (2007) Muscle Pain Syndromes. American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation 86:Supplement, S47-S58
CrossRef97
M Sam Chong, Joan Hester. (2007) Diabetic Painful Neuropathy. Drugs 67:4, 569-585
CrossRef98
Tony L. Yaksh. 2007. Farmacología central de la transmisión nociceptiva. , 379-423.
CrossRef99
Miroslaw Backonja, Michael C. Rowbotham. 2007. Tratamiento farmacológico del dolor neuropático. , 1103-1111.
CrossRef100
Daniel K. Kajdasz, Smriti Iyengar, Durisala Desaiah, Misha-Miroslav Backonja, John T. Farrar, David A. Fishbain, Troels S. Jensen, Michael C. Rowbotham, Christine N. Sang, Dan Ziegler, Henry J. McQuay. (2007) Duloxetine for the Management of Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathic Pain: Evidence-Based Findings from Post Hoc Analysis of Three Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel-Group Studies. Clinical Therapeutics 29:11, 2536-2546
CrossRef101
Helena Knotkova, Marco Pappagallo. (2007) Adjuvant Analgesics. Medical Clinics of North America 91:1, 113-124
CrossRef102
David Borsook, Lino Becerra, William A. Carlezon, Marnie Shaw, Perry Renshaw, Igor Elman, Jon Levine. (2007) Reward-aversion circuitry in analgesia and pain: Implications for psychiatric disorders. European Journal of Pain 11:1, 7-20
CrossRef103
Philip Wiffen, Jacques Meynadier, Michel Dubois, Calude Thurel, Johan deSmet, R. Norman Harden. (2006) Chapter 4 Diagnostic and Treatment Issues in Postamputation Pain After Landmine Injury. Pain Medicine 7:s2, S209-S212
CrossRef104
2006. Diabetic Neuropathy. .
CrossRef105
Mariko Umeda, Tsuyako Ohkubo, Jun Ono, Tadaoki Fukuizumi, Kenji Kitamura. (2006) Molecular and immunohistochemical studies in expression of voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels in dorsal root ganglia from streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. Life Sciences 79:21, 1995-2000
CrossRef106
Raphael J. Leo. (2006) Treatment considerations in neuropathic pain. Current Treatment Options in Neurology 8:5, 389-400
CrossRef107
Joel Raskin, Fujun Wang, Yili Lu Pritchett, David J. Goldstein. (2006) Duloxetine for Patients with Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathic Pain: A 6-Month Open-Label Safety Study. Pain Medicine 7:5, 373-385
CrossRef108
Shaul Schreiber, Chaim G. Pick. (2006) From selective to highly selective SSRIs: A comparison of the antinociceptive properties of fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, citalopram and escitalopram. European Neuropsychopharmacology 16:6, 464-468
CrossRef109
Gila Moalem, David J. Tracey. (2006) Immune and inflammatory mechanisms in neuropathic pain. Brain Research Reviews 51:2, 240-264
CrossRef110
Ron Amir, Charles E. Argoff, Gary J. Bennett, Theodore R. Cummins, Marcel E. Durieux, Peter Gerner, Michael S. Gold, Frank Porreca, Gary R. Strichartz. (2006) The Role of Sodium Channels in Chronic Inflammatory and Neuropathic Pain. The Journal of Pain 7:5, S1-S29
CrossRef111
John T. Farrar, Robert H. Dworkin, Mitchell B. Max. (2006) Use of the Cumulative Proportion of Responders Analysis Graph to Present Pain Data Over a Range of Cut-Off Points: Making Clinical Trial Data More Understandable. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management 31:4, 369-377
CrossRef112
Miles J. Belgrade, B. Eliot Cole, Bill H. McCarberg, Michael J. McLean. (2006) Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathic Pain: Case Studies. Mayo Clinic Proceedings 81:4, S26-S32
CrossRef113
Charles E. Argoff, Misha-Miroslav Backonja, Miles J. Belgrade, Gary J. Bennett, Michael R. Clark, B. Eliot Cole, David A. Fishbain, Gordon A. Irving, Bill H. McCarberg, Michael J. McLean. (2006) Consensus Guidelines: Treatment Planning and Options. Mayo Clinic Proceedings 81:4, S12-S25
CrossRef114
Kenneth C. Jackson. (2006) Pharmacotherapy for Neuropathic Pain. Pain Practice 6:1, 27-33
CrossRef115
A. Frese, I.W. Husstedt, E.B. Ringelstein, S. Evers. (2006) Pharmacologic Treatment of Central Post-Stroke Pain. The Clinical Journal of Pain 22:3, 252-260
CrossRef116
Joel Raskin, Timothy R. Smith, Kar Wong, Yili Lu Pritchett, Deborah N. D'souza, Smriti Iyengar, J.F. Wernicke. (2006) Duloxetine versus Routine Care in the Long-Term Management of Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathic Pain. Journal of Palliative Medicine 9:1, 29-40
CrossRef117
M. Soledad Cepeda, John T. Farrar. (2006) Economic Evaluation of Oral Treatments for Neuropathic Pain. The Journal of Pain 7:2, 119-128
CrossRef118
Norah S. Lincoff. (2006) Treatment of chronic facial pain. Current Treatment Options in Neurology 8:1, 69-79
CrossRef119
NANCY A. ALVAREZ, BRADLEY S. GALER, ARNOLD R. GAMMAITONI. 2006. Postherpetic Neuralgia in the Cancer Patient. , 123-137.
CrossRef120
Charles B. Berde, Senthilkumar Sadhasivam. 2006. Complex Regional Pain Syndrome and Other Forms of Neuropathic Pain in Children and Adolescents. , 473-486.
CrossRef121
Jay D. Amsterdam, Justine Shults, Nancy Rutherford, Stanley Schwartz. (2006) Safety and Efficacy of s-Citalopram in Patients with Co-Morbid Major Depression and Diabetes Mellitus. Neuropsychobiology 54:4, 208-214
CrossRef122
N.B. Finnerup, M. Otto, H.J. McQuay, T.S. Jensen, S.H. Sindrup. (2005) Algorithm for neuropathic pain treatment: An evidence based proposal. Pain 118:3, 289-305
CrossRef123
Roy Freeman. (2005) Newer agents for the treatment of painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Current Diabetes Reports 5:6, 409-416
CrossRef124
Michael C. Rowbotham, Lori A. Reisner, Pamela S. Davies, Howard L. Fields. (2005) Treatment Response in Antidepressant-Naïve Postherpetic Neuralgia Patients: Double-Blind, Randomized Trial. The Journal of Pain 6:11, 741-746
CrossRef125
Mark S Wallace. (2005) Diagnosis and treatment of neuropathic pain. Current Opinion in Anaesthesiology 18:5, 548-554
CrossRef126
Jennifer Katz, Janet Pennella-Vaughan, Roderick D. Hetzel, Ghassan E. Kanazi, Robert H. Dworkin. (2005) A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Bupropion Sustained Release in Chronic Low Back Pain. The Journal of Pain 6:10, 656-661
CrossRef127
Takahiro Suzuki, Yong Hua Li, Takashi Mashimo. (2005) The Antiallodynic and Antihyperalgesic Effects of Neurotropin?? in Mice with Spinal Nerve Ligation. Anesthesia & Analgesia 101:3, 793-799
CrossRef128
B HAINLINE. (2005) Chronic Pain: Physiological, Diagnostic, and Management Considerations. Psychiatric Clinics of North America 28:3, 713-735
CrossRef129
T Saarto, PJ Wiffen, Tiina Saarto. 2005. Antidepressants for neuropathic pain. .
CrossRef130
(2005) Management of Chronic Pain Syndromes: Issues and Interventions. Pain Medicine 6:s1, S1-S21
CrossRef131
Soren H. Sindrup, Marit Otto, Nanna B. Finnerup, Troels S. Jensen. (2005) Antidepressants in the Treatment of Neuropathic Pain. Basic <html_ent glyph="@amp;" ascii="&"/> Clinical Pharmacology <html_ent glyph="@amp;" ascii="&"/> Toxicology 96:6, 399-409
CrossRef132
Robin C. Spiller. (2005) Potential future therapies for Irritable Bowel Syndrome: Will Disease Modifying Therapy as Opposed to Symptomatic Control Become a Reality?. Gastroenterology Clinics of North America 34:2, 337-354
CrossRef133
Hugo Adriaensen, Léon Plaghki, Chantal Mathieu, Alfred Joffroy, Kris Vissers. (2005) Critical review of oral drug treatments for diabetic neuropathic pain—clinical outcomes based on efficacy and safety data from placebo-controlled and direct comparative studies. Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews 21:3, 231-240
CrossRef134
Prakash S. Masand, Rajnish Mago. (2005) Duloxetine for pain symptoms in patients with major depressive disorder. Current Psychiatry Reports 7:3, 203-205
CrossRef135
Aysel Atli, Sunil Dogra. (2005) Zonisamide in the Treatment of Painful Diabetic Neuropathy: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Pilot Study. Pain Medicine 6:3, 225-234
CrossRef136
John Sharp, Brian Keefe. (2005) Psychiatry in chronic pain: A review and update. Current Psychiatry Reports 7:3, 213-219
CrossRef137
Michael H. Levy, Thomas A. Samuel. (2005) Management of cancer pain. Seminars in Oncology 32:2, 179-193
CrossRef138
Andreas Kopf, Anne Banzhaf, Christoph Stein. (2005) Perioperative management of the chronic pain patient. Best Practice & Research Clinical Anaesthesiology 19:1, 59-76
CrossRef139
R Norman Harden. (2005) Chronic Neuropathic Pain. The Neurologist 11:2, 111-122
CrossRef140
J. Robinson Singleton, A. Gordon Smith, James Russell, Eva L. Feldman. (2005) Polyneuropathy with impaired glucose tolerance: Implications for diagnosis and therapy. Current Treatment Options in Neurology 7:1, 33-42
CrossRef141
B Clubb. (2004) Management of neuropathic pain following treatment for breast cancer in the absence of recurrence: A challenge for the radiation oncologist. Australasian Radiology 48:4, 459-465
CrossRef142
H. Chen, T. J. Lamer, R. H. Rho, K. A. Marshall, B. T. Sitzman, S. M. Ghazi, R. P. Brewer. (2004) Contemporary Management of Neuropathic Pain for the Primary Care Physician. Mayo Clinic Proceedings 79:12, 1533-1545
CrossRef143
LC Rogers, U Alam, S Tesfaye, RA Malik. (2004) Treatment of painful diabetic neuropathy: a review of the most efficacious pharmacological treatments. Practical Diabetes International 21:8, 301-306
CrossRef144
David J. Margolis, Timothy Cromblehome, Meenhard Herlyn, Philip Cross, Linda Weinberg, Jennifer Filip, Kathleen Propert. (2004) Phase I Trial to Evaluate the Safety of H5.020CMV.PDGF-b and Limb Compression Bandage for the Treatment of Venous Leg Ulcer: Trial A. Human Gene Therapy 15:10, 1003-1019
CrossRef145
L GORMSEN. (2004) Pain thresholds during and after treatment of severe depression with electroconvulsive therapy. European Journal of Pain 8:5, 487-493
CrossRef146
Peter V. Rasmussen, Troels S. Jensen, Søren H. Sindrup, Flemming W. Bach. (2004) TDM-Based Imipramine Treatment in Neuropathic Pain. Therapeutic Drug Monitoring 26:4, 352-360
CrossRef147
P. V. Rasmussen, S. H. Sindrup, T. S. Jensen, F. W. Bach. (2004) Therapeutic outcome in neuropathic pain: relationship to evidence of nervous system lesion. European Journal of Neurology 11:8, 545-553
CrossRef148
Michael C Rowbotham, Veeraindar Goli, Nadia R Kunz, Dean Lei. (2004) Venlafaxine extended release in the treatment of painful diabetic neuropathy: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Pain 110:3, 697-706
CrossRef149
Gordon Freedman, Hyacinth Entero, Harold Brem. (2004) Practical treatment of pain in patients with chronic wounds: pathogenesis-guided management. The American Journal of Surgery 188:1, 31-35
CrossRef150
Gil I. Wolfe, Jaya R. Trivedi. (2004) Painful peripheral neuropathy and its nonsurgical treatment. Muscle & Nerve 30:1, 3-19
CrossRef151
Mike Namaka, Colin R. Gramlich, Dana Ruhlen, Maria Melanson, Ian Sutton, Joanne Major. (2004) A treatment algorithm for neuropathic pain. Clinical Therapeutics 26:7, 951-979
CrossRef152
A.I Vinik, Anahit Mehrabyan. (2004) Diabetic neuropathies. Medical Clinics of North America 88:4, 947-999
CrossRef153
Bertrand Aubel, Valérie Kayser, Annie Mauborgne, Antonio Farré, Michel Hamon, Sylvie Bourgoin. (2004) Antihyperalgesic effects of cizolirtine in diabetic rats: behavioral and biochemical studies. Pain 110:1-2, 22-32
CrossRef154
Najib Babul, Robert Noveck, Howard Chipman, Sanford H Roth, Theophilus Gana, Kenneth Albert. (2004) Efficacy and safety of extended-release, once-daily tramadol in chronic pain: a randomized 12-week clinical trial in osteoarthritis of the knee. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management 28:1, 59-71
CrossRef155
Anand W. Mehendale, Donald Patrick, Mark Goldman. (2004) Managing Chronic-Pain Patients in the New Millennium: Clinical Basis and Regulatory Viewpoint from Texas, U.S.A.. Pain Practice 4:2, 105-129
CrossRef156
Cabot, Richard C.Harris, Nancy Lee, Shepard, Jo-Anne O., Ebeling, Sally H.Ellender, Stacey M.Peters, Christine C., Amato, Anthony A., Oaklander, Anne Louise, . (2004) Case 16-2004. New England Journal of Medicine 350:21, 2181-2189
Full Text157
Dale R. Grothe, Brian Scheckner, Dominick Albano. (2004) Treatment of Pain Syndromes with Venlafaxine. Pharmacotherapy 24:5, 621-629
CrossRef158
Ahmad Beydoun, Steven A. Kobetz, Enrique J. Carrazana. (2004) Efficacy of Oxcarbazepine in the Treatment of Painful Diabetic Neuropathy. The Clinical Journal of Pain 20:3, 174-178
CrossRef159
Jong Ryeal Hahm, Byung-Joon Kim, Kwang-Won Kim. (2004) Clinical experience with thioctacid (thioctic acid) in the treatment of distal symmetric polyneuropathy in Korean diabetic patients. Journal of Diabetes and its Complications 18:2, 79-85
CrossRef160
Bruce Nicholson, Sunil Verma. (2004) Comorbidities in Chronic Neuropathic Pain. Pain Medicine 5:s1, S9-S27
CrossRef161
Misha-Miroslav Backonja, Jordi Serra. (2004) Pharmacologic Management Part 1: Better-Studied Neuropathic Pain Diseases. Pain Medicine 5:s1, S28-S47
CrossRef162
To-Nhu H. Vu. (2004) Current pharmacologic approaches to treating neuropathic pain. Current Pain and Headache Reports 8:1, 15-18
CrossRef163
Mohammad-Reza Zarrindast, Banafsheh Baghdadi, Mousa Sahebgharani. (2004) Potentiation of imipramine-induced antinociception by nicotine in the formalin test. European Neuropsychopharmacology 14:1, 71-76
CrossRef164
(2003) The Journal of the Korean Shoulder and Elbow Society 6:2, 91-98
CrossRef165
Florian Strasser, Larry C. Driver, Allen W. Burton. (2003) Update on Adjuvant Medications for Chronic Nonmalignant Pain. Pain Practice 3:4, 282-297
CrossRef166
Heino Hugel, John E Ellershaw, Andrew Dickman. (2003) Clonazepam as an adjuvant analgesic in patients with cancer-related neuropathic pain. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management 26:6, 1073-1074
CrossRef167
Thomas H. Brannagan. (2003) Peripheral Neuropathy Pain: Mechanisms and Treatment. Journal of Clinical Neuromuscular Disease 5:2, 61-71
CrossRef168
Singhan T. M. Krishnan, Gerry Rayman. (2003) New treatments for diabetic neuropathy: Symptomatic treatments. Current Diabetes Reports 3:6, 459-467
CrossRef169
Danja Strümper, Marcel E. Durieux, Barbara Tröster, Klaus Hahnenkamp, Cristina Vitan, Christel G. den Bakker, Markus W. Hollmann. (2003) Effects of Antidepressants on G Protein–coupled Receptor Signaling and Viability in Xenopus laevis Oocytes. Anesthesiology 99:4, 911-917
CrossRef170
M.O Rojas-Corrales, J Casas, M.R Moreno-Brea, J Gibert-Rahola, J.A Micó. (2003) Antinociceptive effects of tricyclic antidepressants and their noradrenergic metabolites. European Neuropsychopharmacology 13:5, 355-363
CrossRef171
Steven J. Krause, Misha-Miroslav Backonja. (2003) Development of a Neuropathic Pain Questionnaire. The Clinical Journal of Pain 19:5, 306-314
CrossRef172
C.Peter N Watson, Dwight Moulin, Judith Watt-Watson, Allan Gordon, John Eisenhoffer. (2003) Controlled-release oxycodone relieves neuropathic pain: a randomized controlled trial in painful diabetic neuropathy. Pain 105:1-2, 71-78
CrossRef173
Grewo Lim, Backil Sung, Ru-Rong Ji, Jianren Mao. (2003) Upregulation of spinal cannabinoid-1-receptors following nerve injury enhances the effects of Win 55,212-2 on neuropathic pain behaviors in rats. Pain 105:1-2, 275-283
CrossRef174
E.K Joseph, J.D Levine. (2003) Sexual dimorphism in the contribution of protein kinase c isoforms to nociception in the streptozotocin diabetic rat. Neuroscience 120:4, 907-913
CrossRef175
Charles L Raison, Andrew H Miller. (2003) Depression in cancer: new developments regarding diagnosis and treatment. Biological Psychiatry 54:3, 283-294
CrossRef176
Dominique L Musselman, Ephi Betan, Hannah Larsen, Lawrence S Phillips. (2003) Relationship of depression to diabetes types 1 and 2: epidemiology, biology, and treatment. Biological Psychiatry 54:3, 317-329
CrossRef177
David Borsook. (2003) Pain: the past, present and future. Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews 55:8, 931-934
CrossRef178
Mary A. Gutierrez, Glen L. Stimmel, Janet Y. Aiso. (2003) Venlafaxine: A 2003 update. Clinical Therapeutics 25:8, 2138-2154
CrossRef179
Paul D. Thielking. (2003) Cancer pain and anxiety. Current Pain and Headache Reports 7:4, 249-261
CrossRef180
Venkatesh Srinivasa, Peter Gerner, Anna Haderer, Salahadin Abdi, Petr Jarolim, Ging Kuo Wang. (2003) The Relative Toxicity of Amitriptyline, Bupivacaine, and Levobupivacaine Administered as Rapid Infusions in Rats. Anesthesia & Analgesia91-95
CrossRef181
Marco Pappagallo, Brenda Breuer, Aaron Schneider, Kevin Sperber. (2003) Treatment of chronic mechanical spinal pain with intravenous pamidronate: a review of medical records. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management 26:1, 678-683
CrossRef182
Kenneth C. Jackson, Erin L. St. Onge. (2003) Antidepressant Pharmacotherapy: Considerations for the Pain Clinician. Pain Practice 3:2, 135-143
CrossRef183
Danja Strümper, Marcel E. Durieux, Markus W. Hollmann, Barbara Tröster, Christel G. den Bakker, Marco A. E. Marcus. (2003) Effects of Antidepressants on Function and Viability of Human Neutrophils. Anesthesiology 98:6, 1356-1362
CrossRef184
John T Farrar, Jesse A Berlin, Brian L Strom. (2003) Clinically Important Changes in Acute Pain Outcome Measures. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management 25:5, 406-411
CrossRef185
Norman Harden, Mitchell Cohen. (2003) Unmet Needs in the Management of Neuropathic Pain. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management 25:5, S12-S17
CrossRef186
Michael I Weintraub, Gil I Wolfe, Richard A Barohn, Steven P Cole, Gareth J Parry, Ghazala Hayat, Jeffrey A Cohen, Jeffrey C Page, Mark B Bromberg, Sherwyn L Schwartz. (2003) Static magnetic field therapy for symptomatic diabetic neuropathy: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 84:5, 736-746
CrossRef187
Richard Barbano, Stephanie Hart-Gouleau, Janet Pennella-Vaughan, Robert H. Dworkin. (2003) Pharmacotherapy of painful diabetic neuropathy. Current Pain and Headache Reports 7:3, 169-177
CrossRef188
E. Daniela Hord, Anne Louise Oaklander. (2003) Complex regional pain syndrome: A review of evidence-supported treatment options. Current Pain and Headache Reports 7:3, 188-196
CrossRef189
Robin C. Spiller. (2003) Postinfectious irritable bowel syndrome1 1Abbreviations used in this paper: EC,_; IBS, irritable bowel syndrome; PI, postinfective.. Gastroenterology 124:6, 1662-1671
CrossRef190
Rowbotham, Michael C., Twilling, Lisa, Davies, Pamela S., Reisner, Lori, Taylor, Kirk, Mohr, David, . (2003) Oral Opioid Therapy for Chronic Peripheral and Central Neuropathic Pain. New England Journal of Medicine 348:13, 1223-1232
Full Text191
Mendell, Jerry R., Sahenk, Zarife, . (2003) Painful Sensory Neuropathy. New England Journal of Medicine 348:13, 1243-1255
Full Text192
Jose De Andres, Guillermo Garcia-Ribas. (2003) Neurophatic Pain Treatment: The Challenge. Pain Practice 3:1, 1-7
CrossRef193
John M. Kruger, Tina S. Conway, John B. Kaneene, Ruby L. Perry, Elizabeth Hagenlocker, Andrea Golombek, Jennifer Stuhler. (2003) Randomized controlled trial of the efficacy of short-term amitriptyline administration for treatment of acute, nonobstructive, idiopathic lower urinary tract disease in cats. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 222:6, 749-758
CrossRef194
Theoharis C. Theoharides, Aphrodite Konstantinidou. (2003) Antidepressants and Risk of Cancer: A Case of Misguided Associations and Priorities. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology 23:1, 1-4
CrossRef195
Lori Reisner. (2003) Antidepressants for chronic neuropathic pain. Current Pain and Headache Reports 7:1, 24-33
CrossRef196
Margo L. Schilling. (2003) Pain management in older adults. Current Psychiatry Reports 5:1, 55-61
CrossRef197
David Bowsher. (2003) Factors influencing the features of postherpetic neuralgia and outcome when treated with tricyclics. European Journal of Pain 7:1, 1-7
CrossRef198
Rayaz A Malik. (2003) Current and Future Strategies for the Management of Diabetic Neuropathy. Treatments in Endocrinology 2:6, 389-400
CrossRef199
Asa J. Wilbourn, Bashar Katirji. 2003. Diabetic Neuropathy. , 586-591.
CrossRef200
Andrew J. M. Boulton. (2003) Treatment of symptomatic diabetic neuropathy. Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews 19:S1, S16-S21
CrossRef201
Joe Cabaleiro. (2002) Assessing and Treating Neuropathic Pain. Home Healthcare Nurse: The Journal for the Home Care and Hospice Professional 20:11, 718-723
CrossRef202
Zachary Simmons, Eva L. Feldman. (2002) Update on diabetic neuropathy. Current Opinion in Neurology 15:5, 595-603
CrossRef203
Ulf Ziemann, Alda Tam, Cathrin Bütefisch, Leonardo G Cohen*. (2002) Dual modulating effects of amphetamine on neuronal excitability and stimulation-induced plasticity in human motor cortex. Clinical Neurophysiology 113:8, 1308-1315
CrossRef204
David Lacomis. (2002) Small-fiber neuropathy. Muscle & Nerve 26:2, 173-188
CrossRef205
Gregory E Simon. (2002) Evidence review: efficacy and effectiveness of antidepressant treatment in primary care. General Hospital Psychiatry 24:4, 213-224
CrossRef206
Eric C. Strain. (2002) Assessment and Treatment of Comorbid Psychiatric Disorders in Opioid-Dependent Patients. The Clinical Journal of Pain 18:Supplement, S14-S27
CrossRef207
Robert Wammack, Mesut Remzi, Christian Seitz, Bob Djavan, Michael Marberger. (2002) Efficacy of Oral Doxepin and Piroxicam Treatment for Interstitial Cystitis. European Urology 41:6, 596-601
CrossRef208
Gil I. Wolfe, Richard J. Barohn. (2002) Painful peripheral neuropathy. Current Treatment Options in Neurology 4:3, 177-188
CrossRef209
Oliver Henning, Nikolaj Niedermaier, Anja Kniest, Isabella Heuser, Michael Deuschle. (2002) Amitriptyline and Paroxetine: Effects Upon Peripheral Nervous System (PNS). Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology 22:2, 229-230
CrossRef210
Mark J. Millan. (2002) Descending control of pain. Progress in Neurobiology 66:6, 355-474
CrossRef211
Diana D Cardenas, Catherine A Warms, Judith A Turner, Helen Marshall, Marvin M Brooke, John D Loeser. (2002) Efficacy of amitriptyline for relief of pain in spinal cord injury: results of a randomized controlled trial. Pain 96:3, 365-373
CrossRef212
Thomas E. Lackner. (2002) Strategies for Optimizing Antiepileptic Drug Therapy in Elderly People. Pharmacotherapy 22:3, 329-364
CrossRef213
Sunil Verma, Rollin M. Gallagher. (2002) The psychopharmacologic treatment of depression and anxiety in the context of chronic pain. Current Pain and Headache Reports 6:1, 30-39
CrossRef214
Tiina Tasmuth, Brita Härtel, Eija Kalso. (2002) Venlafaxine in neuropathic pain following treatment of breast cancer. European Journal of Pain 6:1, 17-24
CrossRef215
Henry J McQuay. (2002) Neuropathic pain: evidence matters. European Journal of Pain 6, 11-18
CrossRef216
D HEWITT. (2001) THE MANAGEMENT OF PAIN IN THE ONCOLOGY PATIENT. Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics of North America 28:4, 819-846
CrossRef217
Diana J. Wilkie, Hsiu-Ying Huang, Nicole Reilly, Kevin C. Cain. (2001) Nociceptive and Neuropathic Pain in Patients With Lung Cancer. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management 22:5, 899-910
CrossRef218
Shahnaz P. Yusaf, James Goodman, Isabel M. Gonzalez, Steven Bramwell, Robert D. Pinnock, Alistair K. Dixon, Kevin Lee. (2001) Streptozocin-Induced Neuropathy Is Associated with Altered Expression of Voltage-Gated Calcium Channel Subunit mRNAs in Rat Dorsal Root Ganglion Neurones. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 289:2, 402-406
CrossRef219
MA Gupta, AK Gupta. (2001) The use of antidepressant drugs in dermatology. Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology 15:6, 512-518
CrossRef220
Alan C. Carver, Kathleen M. Foley. (2001) Symptom assessment and management. Neurologic Clinics 19:4, 921-947
CrossRef221
C. Cedraschi, V. Piguet, J. Desmeules, A. F. Allaz, W. Fischer, P. Dayer. (2001) Utilisation des antidépresseurs chez les patients souffrant de douleurs chroniques: quelle congruence entre prescription et notice d’emballage?. Douleur et Analgésie 14:3, 159-162
CrossRef222
Joshua M Cox, Marco Pappagallo. (2001) Contemporary and emergent pharmacological therapies for chronic pain: nonopioid analgesia. Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics 1:1, 81-91
CrossRef223
Clifford J. Woolf, Mitchell B. Max. (2001) Mechanism-based Pain Diagnosis. Anesthesiology 95:1, 241-249
CrossRef224
PATRICIA HARRISON. (2001) UPDATE ON PAIN MANAGEMENT FOR ADVANCED GENITOURINARY CANCER. The Journal of Urology1849-1858
CrossRef225
PATRICIA HARRISON. (2001) UPDATE ON PAIN MANAGEMENT FOR ADVANCED GENITOURINARY CANCER. The Journal of Urology 165:6, 1849-1858
CrossRef226
Michael Bennett. (2001) The LANSS Pain Scale: the Leeds assessment of neuropathic symptoms and signs. Pain 92:1-2, 147-157
CrossRef227
Mousa Sahebgharani, Mohammad-Reza Zarrindast. (2001) Effect of α-adrenoceptor agents on imipramine-induced antinociception in nerve-ligated mice. European Neuropsychopharmacology 11:2, 99-104
CrossRef228
Peter Gerner, Mustafa Mujtaba, Catherine J. Sinnott, Ging Kuo Wang. (2001) Amitriptyline versus Bupivacaine in Rat Sciatic Nerve Blockade. Anesthesiology 94:4, 661-667
CrossRef229
Ralf Baron, Gunnar Wasner. (2001) Complex regional pain syndromes. Current Pain and Headache Reports 5:2, 114-123
CrossRef230
Andrea L. Cheville. (2001) Pain management in cancer rehabilitation. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 82:3, S84-S87
CrossRef231
F. Michael Gloth, Agsf. (2001) Pain Management in Older Adults: Prevention and Treatment. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 49:2, 188-199
CrossRef232
Marco Pappagallo, Andrew D. Rosenberg. (2001) Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and Management of Complex Regional Pain Syndrome. Pain Practice 1:1, 11-20
CrossRef233
Marco Pappagallo, Andrew D. Rosenberg. (2001) Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and Management of Complex Regional Pain Syndrome. Pain Practice 1:1, 11
CrossRef234
Sally L Collins, R.Andrew Moore, Henry J McQuay, Philip Wiffen. (2000) Antidepressants and Anticonvulsants for Diabetic Neuropathy and Postherpetic Neuralgia. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management 20:6, 449-458
CrossRef235
John T. Farrar, Russell K. Portenoy, Jesse A. Berlin, Judith L. Kinman, Brian L. Strom. (2000) Defining the clinically important difference in pain outcome measures. PAIN 88:3, 287-294
CrossRef236
Laurent Bardin, Jeannot Schmidt, Abdelkrim Alloui, Alain Eschalier. (2000) Effect of intrathecal administration of serotonin in chronic pain models in rats. European Journal of Pharmacology 409:1, 37-43
CrossRef237
David A. Fishbain, Robert Cutler, Hubert L. Rosomoff, Renee Steele Rosomoff. (2000) Evidence-Based Data From Animal and Human Experimental Studies on Pain Relief With Antidepressants: A Structured Review. Pain Medicine 1:4, 310-316
CrossRef238
K. Sugimoto, Y. Murakawa, A. A. F. Sima. (2000) Diabetic neuropathy - a continuing enigma. Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews 16:6, 408-433
CrossRef239
J.H. Atkinson, Mark A. Slater. (2000) PAIN 4274PAIN 4274Reply to Aigner and Bach. Pain 88:2, 218
CrossRef240
Koji Hara, Nobuyuki Yanagihara, Kouichiro Minami, Hideyasu Hirano, Takeyoshi Sata, Akio Shigematsu, Futoshi Izumi. (2000) Dual Effects of Intravenous Anesthetics on the Function of Norepinephrine Transporters. Anesthesiology 93:5, 1329-1335
CrossRef241
David J Margolis, Timothy Crombleholme, Meenhard Herlyn. (2000) Clinical Protocol: Phase I trial to evaluate the safety of H5.020CMV.PDGF-B for the treatment of a diabetic insensate foot ulcer. Wound Repair and Regeneration 8:6, 480-493
CrossRef242
Mohammad-Reza Zarrindast, Sadegh Valizadeh, Mousa Sahebgharani. (2000) GABAB receptor mechanism and imipramine-induced antinociception in ligated and non-ligated mice. European Journal of Pharmacology 407:1-2, 65-72
CrossRef243
Z Zheng. (2000) Guanethidine evokes vasodilatation in guinea pig mesenteric artery by acting on sensory nerves. Neuroscience Letters 288:3, 231-235
CrossRef244
L Bendtsen, R Jensen. (2000) Amitriptyline reduces myofascial tenderness in patients with chronic tension-type headache. Cephalalgia 20:6, 603-610
CrossRef245
Antonio Pernia, Juan-Antonio Micó, Enrique Calderón, Luis-Miguel Torres. (2000) Venlafaxine for the Treatment of Neuropathic Pain. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management 19:6, 408-410
CrossRef246
L Bendtsen. (2000) Central sensitization in tension-type headache-possible pathophysiological mechanisms. Cephalalgia 20:5, 486-508
CrossRef247
Lynette A. Menefee, Mitchell J. M. Cohen, Whitney R. Anderson, Karl Doghramji, Evan D. Frank, Hochang Lee. (2000) Sleep Disturbance and Nonmalignant Chronic Pain: A Comprehensive Review of the Literature. Pain Medicine 1:2, 156-172
CrossRef248
Ghassan E. Kanazi, Robert W. Johnson, Robert H. Dworkin. (2000) Treatment of Postherpetic Neuralgia. Drugs 59:5, 1113-1126
CrossRef249
Marilyn R. Semenchuk, Bennet Davis. (2000) Efficacy of Sustained-Release Bupropion in Neuropathic Pain: An Open-Label Study. The Clinical Journal of Pain 16:1, 6-11
CrossRef250
Yadollah Harati, Clifton Gooch, Michael Swenson, Steven V Edelman, Douglas Greene, Philip Raskin, Peter Donofrio, David Cornblath, William H Olson, Marc Kamin. (2000) Maintenance of the long-term effectiveness of tramadol in treatment of the pain of diabetic neuropathy. Journal of Diabetes and its Complications 14:2, 65-70
CrossRef251
Douglas W. Zochodne. (2000) Diabetic neuropathies. Current Treatment Options in Neurology 2:1, 23-29
CrossRef252
Søren H. Sindrup, Troels S. Jensen. (1999) Efficacy of pharmacological treatments of neuropathic pain: an update and effect related to mechanism of drug action. Pain 83:3, 389-400
CrossRef253
Steven Reid, Simon Wessely. (1999) Chronic fatigue syndrome and fibromyalgia: approaches to management. Current Opinion in Psychiatry 12:6, 727-732
CrossRef254
J.Hampton Atkinson, Mark A Slater, Dennis R Wahlgren, Rebecca A Williams, Sidney Zisook, Sheri D Pruitt, JoAnne E Epping-Jordan, Thomas L Patterson, Igor Grant, Ian Abramson, Steven R Garfin. (1999) Effects of noradrenergic and serotonergic antidepressants on chronic low back pain intensity. PAIN 83:2, 137-145
CrossRef255
Alexander C. Simotas, Peter Tsairis. (1999) ADHESIVE CAPSULITIS OF THE GLENOHUMERAL JOINT WITH AN UNUSUAL NEUROPATHIC PRESENTATION. American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation 78:6, 577-581
CrossRef256
Chandra Prakash, Ray E. Clouse. (1999) Cyclic vomiting syndrome in adults: clinical features and response to tricyclic antidepressants. The American Journal of Gastroenterology 94:10, 2855-2860
CrossRef257
Geraldine R. Avidano Britton. (1999) Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors: Implications for Advanced Nursing Practice. Journal of the American Academy of Nurse Practitioners 11:9, 389-395
CrossRef258
J. Sawynok, M.J. Esser, A.R. Reid. (1999) Peripheral antinociceptive actions of desipramine and fluoxetine in an inflammatory and neuropathic pain test in the rat. Pain 82:2, 149-158
CrossRef259
S. J. Benbow, L. Cossins, I. A. MacFarlane. (1999) Painful diabetic neuropathy. Diabetic Medicine 16:8, 632-644
CrossRef260
Marilee I Donovan, Kitty Evers, Paul Jacobs, Steve Mandleblatt. (1999) When There Is No Benchmark. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management 18:1, 38-48
CrossRef261
S.J. Benbow, I.A. MacFarlane. (1999) Painful diabetic neuropathy. Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 13:2, 295-308
CrossRef262
Enrique A. Wulff, David M. Simpson. (1999) Neuromuscular complications of HIV-1 infection. Current Infectious Disease Reports 1:2, 192-197
CrossRef263
JOEL M.H. TEICHMAN, BETSY J. NIELSEN-OMEIS. (1999) POTASSIUM LEAK TEST PREDICTS OUTCOME IN INTERSTITIAL CYSTITIS. The Journal of Urology 161:6, 1791-1796
CrossRef264
JOEL M. H. TEICHMAN, BETSY J. NIELSEN-OMEIS. (1999) POTASSIUM LEAK TEST PREDICTS OUTCOME IN INTERSTITIAL CYSTITIS. The Journal of Urology1791-1794
CrossRef265
Philippe D. Vaillancourt, Helene M. Langevin. (1999) PAINFUL PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHIES. Medical Clinics of North America 83:3, 627-642
CrossRef266
Marco Pappagallo. (1999) AGGRESSIVE PHARMACOLOGIC TREATMENT OF PAIN. Rheumatic Disease Clinics of North America 25:1, 193-213
CrossRef267
Terry McGraw, Brett R. Stacey. (1998) Gabapentin for Treatment of Neuropathic Pain in a 12-Year-Old Girl. The Clinical Journal of Pain 14:4, 354-356
CrossRef268
Carol A. Kemper, George Kent, Susan Burton, Stanley C. Deresinski. (1998) Mexiletine for HIV-Infected Patients With Painful Peripheral Neuropathy: A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Crossover Treatment Trial. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes and Human Retrovirology 19:4, 367-372
CrossRef269
Bradley S. Galer. (1998) PAINFUL POLYNEUROPATHY. Neurologic Clinics 16:4, 791-811
CrossRef270
Gunnar Wasner, Misha-Miroslav Backonja, Ralf Baron. (1998) TRAUMATIC NEURALGIAS. Neurologic Clinics 16:4, 851-868
CrossRef271
Russell Noyes, Rachel L. Happel, Barbara A. Muller, Craig S. Holt, Roger G. Kathol, Lori R. Sieren, James J. Amos. (1998) Fluvoxamine for somatoform disorders: an open trial. General Hospital Psychiatry 20:6, 339-344
CrossRef272
Christine N. Sang, Meredith P. Hostetter, Richard H. Gracely, Amy S. Chappell, Darryle D. Schoepp, Gloria Lee, Scott Whitcup, Rafael Caruso, Mitchell B. Max. (1998) AMPA/Kainate Antagonist LY293558 Reduces Capsaicin-evoked Hyperalgesia but Not Pain in Normal Skin in Humans. Anesthesiology 89:5, 1060-1067
CrossRef273
Robert R. Allen. (1998) NEUROPATHIC PAIN IN THE CANCER PATIENT. Neurologic Clinics 16:4, 869-887
CrossRef274
Joseph F. Fitzgerald, Robby Romero, Lloyd R. Saberski. (1998) Complications of antidepressants, anticonvulsants, and antiarrhythmics for chronic pain management. Techniques in Regional Anesthesia and Pain Management 2:3, 119-129
CrossRef275
William Breitbart. (1998) Psychotropic adjuvant analgesics for pain in cancer and AIDS. Psycho-Oncology 7:4, 333-345
CrossRef276
J.Hampton Atkinson, Mark A Slater, Rebecca A Williams, Sidney Zisook, Thomas L Patterson, Igor Grant, Dennis R Wahlgren, Ian Abramson, Steven R Garfin. (1998) A placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial of nortriptyline for chronic low back pain. Pain 76:3, 287-296
CrossRef277
Edward F. Foote, Naomi V. Dahl. (1998) More Drug Idiosyncrasies in End-Stage Renal Disease. Seminars in Dialysis 11:3, 167-174
CrossRef278
B.B Abuaisha, J.B Costanzi, A.J.M Boulton. (1998) Acupuncture for the treatment of chronic painful peripheral diabetic neuropathy: a long-term study. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice 39:2, 115-121
CrossRef279
H. Mertz, R. Fass, A. Kodner, F. Yan-Go, S. Fullerton, E. A. Mayer. (1998) Effect of Amitryptiline on Symptoms, Sleep, and Visceral Perception in Patients With Functional Dyspepsia. The American Journal of Gastroenterology 93:2, 160-165
CrossRef280
Steven H. Richeimer, Zahid H. Bajwa, Sibel S. Kahraman, Bernard J. Ransil, Carol A. Warfield. (1997) Utilization Patterns of Tricyclic Antidepressants in a Multidisciplinary Pain Clinic: A Survey. The Clinical Journal of Pain 13:4, 324-329
CrossRef281
Arthur G. Lipman. (1997) Pharmacologic approaches to neuropathic pain. Current Pain and Headache Reports 1:4, 285-295
CrossRef282
Ursula Wesselmann, Arthur L Burnett, Leslie J Heinberg. (1997) The urogenital and rectal pain syndromes. Pain 73:3, 269-294
CrossRef283
Magnus Vrethem, Jörgen Boivie, Hans Arnqvist, Helen Holmgren, Torbjörn Lindström, Lars-Håkan Thorell. (1997) A Comparison of Amitriptyline and Maprotiline in the Treatment of Painful Polyneuropathy in Diabetics and Nondiabetics. The Clinical Journal of Pain 13:4, 313-323
CrossRef284
Pietro Giusti, Alessandro Buriani, Lorenzo Cima, Maria Lipartiti. (1997) Effect of acute and chronic tramadol on [ 3 H]-5-HT uptake in rat cortical synaptosomes. British Journal of Pharmacology 122:2, 302-306
CrossRef285
Christine Mestre, Alejandro Hernández, Alain Eschalier, Teresa Pelissier. (1997) Effects of clomipramine and desipramine on a C-fiber reflex in rats. European Journal of Pharmacology 335:1, 1-8
CrossRef286
Mary-Frances Jett, Jennifer McGuirk, Dan Waligora, John C Hunter. (1997) The effects of mexiletine, desipramine and fluoxetine in rat models involving central sensitization. Pain 69:1-2, 161-169
CrossRef287
Michael M. Hanania, Daniel Brietstein. (1997) Postherpetic Neuralgia: A Review. Cancer Investigation 15:2, 165-176
CrossRef288
H.J. McQuay, M. Tramér, B.A. Nye, D. Carroll, P.J. Wiffen, R.A. Moore. (1996) A systematic review of antidepressants in neuropathic pain. Pain 68:2-3, 217-227
CrossRef289
Don Goldenberg, Michael Mayskiy, Christopher Mossey, Robin Ruthazer, Christopher Schmid. (1996) A randomized, double-blind crossover trial of fluoxetine and amitriptyline in the treatment of fibromyalgia. Arthritis & Rheumatism 39:11, 1852-1859
CrossRef290
Wood, Alastair J.J., , Levy, Michael H., . (1996) Pharmacologic Treatment of Cancer Pain. New England Journal of Medicine 335:15, 1124-1132
Full Text291
Dianne P. Figlewicz, Michelle D. Brot, Anthony L. McCall, Patricia Szot. (1996) Diabetes causes differential changes in CNS noradrenergic and dopaminergic neurons in the rat: a molecular study. Brain Research 736:1-2, 54-60
CrossRef292
Augusto Caraceni, Russell K. Portenoy. (1996) Pain management in patients with pancreatic carcinoma. Cancer 78:3, 639-653
CrossRef293
P. Usha Rani, M. U. R. Naidu, V. B. N. Prasad, T. Ramesh Kumar Rao, J. C. Shobha. (1996) An Evaluation of Antidepressants in Rheumatic Pain Conditions. Anesthesia & Analgesia 83:2, 371-375
CrossRef294
Sudhansu Chokroverty, Howard W. Sander. (1996) AAEM case report #13: Diabetic amyotrophy. Muscle & Nerve 19:8, 939-945
CrossRef295
Albert M. Brady. (1996) MANAGEMENT OF PAINFUL PARANEOPLASTIC SYNDROMES. Hematology/Oncology Clinics of North America 10:4, 801-810
CrossRef296
Augusto Caraceni, Russell K. Portenoy. (1996) Pain management in patients with pancreatic carcinoma. Cancer 78:S3, 639-653
CrossRef297
Yadollah Harati. (1996) DIABETES AND THE NERVOUS SYSTEM. Endocrinology & Metabolism Clinics of North America 25:2, 325-359
CrossRef298
R. W. Johnson. (1996) Pathophysiology of Pain with Reference to Herpes Zoster. Reviews in Medical Virology 6:1, 17-23
CrossRef299
kalso Eija, Tasmuth Tiina, Neuvonen Pertti J. (1996) Amitriptyline effectively relieves neuropathic pain following treatment of breast cancer. Pain 64:2, 293-302
CrossRef300
Peter A. Rittenhouse, James E. Marchand, Juan Chen, Richard M. Kream, Susan E. Leeman. (1996) Streptozotocin-induced diabetes is associated with altered expression of peptide-encoding mRNAs in rat sensory neurons. Peptides 17:6, 1017-1022
CrossRef301
Mitchell B. Max. (1995) Thirteen consecutive well-designed randomized trials show that antidepressants reduce pain in diabetic neuropathy and postherpetic neuralgia. Pain Forum 4:4, 248-253
CrossRef302
James C. Eisenach, G. F. Gebhart. (1995) Intrathecal Amitriptyline Acts as an N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Antagonist in the Presence of Inflammatory Hyperalgesia in Rats. Anesthesiology 83:5, 1046-1054
CrossRef303
Philip J. Siddall, Michael J. Cousins. (1995) BRIEF REVIEW PAIN MECHANISMS AND MANAGEMENT: AN UPDATE. Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology 22:10, 679-688
CrossRef304
(1995) Prevention and Treatment of the Complications of Diabetes Mellitus. New England Journal of Medicine 333:12, 802-802
Full Text305
Philip J. Siddall, Michael J. Cousins. (1995) RECENT ADVANCES IN PAIN MANAGEMENT. ANZ Journal of Surgery 65:9, 674-685
CrossRef306
U. Skerritt, N. Evans, Brice Pitt, Adam Moliver, David Jolley, Susan Benbow, David Lester, Arun K. Jha, Chris Ball. (1995) Letters to the editor. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 10:8, 711-716
CrossRef307
John J. Collins, John Kerner, Sandra Gentivany, Charles B. Berde. (1995) Intravenous amitriptyline in pediatrics. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management 10:6, 471-475
CrossRef308
Jesper Nørregaard, Helge Volkmann, Bente Danneskiold-Samstøe. (1995) A randomized controlled trial of citalopram in the treatment of fibromyalgia. Pain 61:3, 445-449
CrossRef309
Wood, Alastair J.J., , Clark, Charles M. Jr., Lee, D. Anthony, . (1995) Prevention and Treatment of the Complications of Diabetes Mellitus. New England Journal of Medicine 332:18, 1210-1217
Full Text310
Troels S. Jensen, Frederick A. Lenz. (1995) Central post-stroke pain: a challenge for the scientist and the clinician. Pain 61:2, 161-164
CrossRef311
(1995) Guidelines for the management of shingles. Journal of Infection 30:3, 193-200
CrossRef312
Michael G. Byas-Smith, Mitchell B. Max, Joanne Muir, Albert Kingman. (1995) Transdermal clonidine compared to placebo in painful diabetic neuropathy using a two-stage ‘enriched enrollment’ design. Pain 60:3, 267-274
CrossRef313
John J. Huszonek, Mantosh J. Dewan, Mary P. Donnelly. (1995) Factors Associated With Antidepressant Choice. Psychosomatics 36:1, 42-47
CrossRef314
Wood, Alastair J.J., , Gram, Lars F.. (1994) Fluoxetine. New England Journal of Medicine 331:20, 1354-1361
Full Text315
Ray E. Clouse. (1994) Antidepressants for functional gastrointestinal syndromes. Digestive Diseases and Sciences 39:11, 2352-2363
CrossRef316
(1994) Imipramine in Patients with Chest Pain Despite Normal Coronary Angiograms. New England Journal of Medicine 331:13, 882-883
Full Text317
C.Peter N. Watson. (1994) Antidepressant drugs as adjuvant analgesics. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management 9:6, 392-405
CrossRef318
David C. Preston, Eric L. Logigian, A. Uncini, C. Krarup, W. Trojaborg, R. Liguori, Lawrence H. Phillips, H. Masur, U. Schulte-Oversohl, C. Oberwittler, Christian Dettmers, Felix Jerusalem, Renato Anghinah, Acary S. B. Oliveira, Alberto A. Gabbai. (1994) Letters to the editor. Muscle & Nerve 17:8, 955-959
CrossRef319
D. Bowsher. (1994) La douleur neurogène. Douleur et Analgésie 7:2, 65-69
CrossRef320
Cannon, Richard O.Quyyumi, Arshed A.Mincemoyer, RitaStine, Annette M.Gracely, Richard H.Smith, Wendy B.Geraci, Marilla F.Black, Bruce C.Uhde, Thomas W.Waclawiw, Myron A.Maher, KathleenBenjamin, Stanley B.. (1994) Imipramine in Patients with Chest Pain Despite Normal Coronary Angiograms. New England Journal of Medicine 330:20, 1411-1417
Full Text321
Mitchell B. Max. (1994) Treatment of post-herpetic neuralgia: Antidepressants. Annals of Neurology 35:S1, S50-S53
CrossRef322
C. Courteix, M. Bardin, C. Chantelauze, J. Lavarenne, A. Eschalier. (1994) Study of the sensitivity of the diabetes-induced pain model in rats to a range of analgesics. Pain 57:2, 153-160
CrossRef323
F.S. Messiha. (1993) Fluoxetine: A spectrum of clinical applications and postulates of underlying mechanisms. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews 17:4, 385-396
CrossRef324
Nathan, David M.. (1993) Long-Term Complications of Diabetes Mellitus. New England Journal of Medicine 328:23, 1676-1685
Full Text325
SØRen H. Sindrup. (1993) Antidepressants in pain treatment. Nordic Journal of Psychiatry 47:s30, 67-73
CrossRef326
Michael H. Levy, Steven M. Rosen, Faith D. Ottery, Joan Hermann. (1992) Supportive care in oncology. Current Problems in Cancer 16:6, 335-406
CrossRef327
Dyck, Peter James, . (1992) New Understanding and Treatment of Diabetic Neuropathy. New England Journal of Medicine 326:19, 1287-1288
Full Text
