Original Article
The Timing of Prophylactic Administration of Antibiotics and the Risk of Surgical-Wound Infection
N Engl J Med 1992; 326:281-286January 30, 1992
- Abstract
- Abstract
Background.
Randomized, controlled trials have shown that prophylactic antibiotics are effective in preventing surgical-wound infections. However, it is uncertain how the timing of antibiotic administration affects the risk of surgical-wound infection in actual clinical practice.
Methods.
We prospectively monitored the timing of antibiotic prophylaxis and studied the occurrence of surgical-wound infections in 2847 patients undergoing elective clean or "clean—contaminated" surgical procedures at a large community hospital. The administration of antibiotics 2 to 24 hours before the surgical incision was defined as early; that during the 2 hours before the incision, as preoperative; that during the 3 hours after the incision, as perioperative; and that more than 3 but less than 24 hours after the incision, as postoperative.
Results.
Of the 1708 patients who received the prophylactic antibiotics preoperatively, 10 (0.6 percent) subsequently had surgical-wound infections. Of the 282 patients who received the antibiotics perioperatively, 4 (1.4 percent) had such infections (P = 0.12; relative risk as compared with the preoperatively treated group, 2.4; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.9 to 7.9). Of 488 patients who received the antibiotics postoperatively, 16 (3.3 percent) had wound infections (P<0.0001; relative risk, 5.8; 95 percent confidence interval, 2.6 to 12.3). Finally, of 369 patients who had antibiotics administered early, 14 (3.8 percent) had wound infections (P<0.0001; relative risk, 6.7; 95 percent confidence interval, 2.9 to 14.7). Stepwise logistic-regression analysis confirmed that the administration of antibiotics in the preoperative period was associated with the lowest risk of surgical-wound infection.
Conclusions.
In surgical practice there is considerable variation in the timing of the prophylactic administration of antibiotics, and administration in the two hours before surgery reduces the risk of wound infection. (N Engl J Med 1992;326:281–6.)
Media in This Article
Figure 1
Rates of Surgical-Wound Infection Corresponding to the Temporal Relation between Antibiotic Administration and the Start of Surgery.Table 1
Temporal Relation between the Administration of Prophylactic Antibiotics and Rates of Surgical-Wound Infection.Article Activity
- Article
THE widespread use of antimicrobial agents for prophylaxis has altered surgical practice markedly in the past 20 years and now represents one of the most frequent uses of antibiotics in hospitals, accounting for as many as half of all antibiotics prescribed.1 2 3 4 5 Surgical antimicrobial prophylaxis has been shown in many randomized clinical trials to reduce the incidence of postoperative wound infections.6 7 8 9 Currently, such prophylaxis is recommended at the time of many "clean—contaminated" and some clean operations (usually those involving the implantation of a prosthetic device).10 In actual practice, however, we found that prophylactic antimicrobial agents are often not administered at the optimal time to ensure their presence in effective concentrations throughout the operative period.11 No study has examined how variations in the timing of prophylaxis affect the occurrence of surgical-wound infections in actual clinical practice.
It is increasingly recognized that to assess the quality of care, investigators must examine the linkage between the processes of care and patients' outcomes. Donabedian has proposed that "in order to make valid assessments of the quality of care, it is necessary to know in detail what kinds of care can be expected to produce what kinds of results."12 Research into outcomes with observational methods can answer questions about the effectiveness of care or particular practice patterns that cannot be examined in randomized clinical trials. Large numbers of patients, as well as practitioners, can be included in such studies. These methods tend to maximize the opportunities for investigators to delineate the scope and effects of particular medical practices.13 We used prospective observational methods to study the effect of practice patterns associated with antimicrobial prophylaxis on the subsequent occurrence of surgical-wound infections at our hospital.
Methods
The LDS Hospital is a 540-bed teaching hospital affiliated with the University of Utah School of Medicine in Salt Lake City. More than 30,000 surgical procedures are performed each year, including many specialized procedures such as organ transplantation. Surgery involving pediatric patients is not performed at LDS Hospital. The present study was performed with the HELP hospital-information system (Health Evaluation through Logical Processing), which was developed to gather hospital-related data that has been described in detail elsewhere.14 This system closely tracks practice patterns associated with the use of prophylactic antibiotics in surgical patients by recording all orders for antibiotic drugs, the exact time of drug administration, the duration of antibiotic use, and the time the prophylactic agent was discontinued. In addition, the system tracks all aspects of surgical procedures, including scheduling, the type of operation performed, the specific surgeon, the duration of surgery, the wound classification, surgical complications, and exact times of the first incision and the final closure. Thus, it records the exact time of antibiotic administration with respect to that of the initial surgical incision. The criteria used for the diagnosis of surgical-wound infections were the algorithms used for this purpose in the Study on the Efficacy of Nosocomial Infection Control.15 Furthermore, this definition was included in the computer-based surveillance system used at our hospital to detect all hospital-acquired infections, including surgical-wound infections, and described elsewhere.16 This system has been in continuous clinical operation for more than nine years, including the time of the study.
All inpatients who underwent scheduled elective surgery from May through November in either 1985 or 1986 (a combined period of 12 months) were followed from the time of admission to the time of discharge. Patients were excluded from the study if they underwent surgery more than 48 hours after admission to the hospital, if they did not receive antibiotics, if treatment with antibiotics was begun more than 24 hours before or after surgery, if patients had any preexisting infection, if they underwent a surgical procedure for which antibiotic prophylaxis is not recommended, or if they had more than one operation during the same hospitalization. On each day of the study, a clinical pharmacist reviewed the medical records of the patients who had undergone surgery within the previous 24 hours, to verify the exact time of the start of antimicrobial prophylaxis with respect to the surgical incision; the pharmacist then monitored the duration of prophylaxis for at least 48 hours. The medical charts of any patient in whom a surgical-wound infection developed were reviewed by an infection-control practitioner and an infectious-disease physician.
After each operation, the surgeon was required to assign a specific classification to the surgical wound, using a standard classification system described elsewhere.16 In brief, dirty and contaminated wounds were considered to be those with gross contamination or spillage in the operative field, whereas clean—contaminated wounds were those that involved the surgical transection of a nonsterile mucocutaneous surface. All other procedures were considered to be clean. If unexpected problems were discovered at the time of surgery, surgeons were instructed to indicate them in the wound classification. All operations classified as clean or clean—contaminated were included in the study, and all operations classified as contaminated or dirty were excluded from the study. An infectious-disease physician surveyed 250 randomly selected charts to assess the accuracy of the wound-classification system and found no discrepancies.
Patients were assigned to groups on the basis of the relation between the time of their first dose of prophylactic antibiotics and the time of the initial surgical incision. Antibiotic administration was considered early if it occurred 2 to 24 hours before the incision, preoperative if it occurred 0 to 2 hours before the incision, perioperative if it occurred within 3 hours after the incision, and postoperative if it occurred more than 3 hours after the incision but less than 24 hours after surgery.
Specimens were obtained for culture from all surgical wounds with evidence of infection, and all isolates recovered were identified by standardized methods of subculturing. Organisms were identified with use of the API identification system (Analytab Products, Plainview, N.Y.). Antimicrobial-susceptibility testing was performed with the Microscan Microbroth Dilution System (Baxter Health Care, W. Sacramento, Calif), and for anaerobes the broth-elution method with antimicrobial disks was used.
Statistical Analysis
The chi-square test was used to compare rates of wound infection according to the timing of antibiotic prophylaxis. A Wilcoxon test was used to compare infection rates according to the hour of antibiotic prophylaxis in relation to the time of surgical incision. Results were expressed as relative risks and 95 percent confidence intervals, with the group receiving preoperative antibiotic prophylaxis used as the reference group. Since the patients in this study were not randomly assigned to the various timing groups, we developed a logistic-regression model to predict surgical-wound infection while controlling for other factors that might be confounded with timing.17 Our strategy was to find the best model without regard to timing and then to test whether the inclusion of timing added significant predictive power. Eleven sets of independent variables, including known risk factors for surgical-wound infection, were considered: the patient's age, sex, hospital service, attending physician, underlying disease, nursing service, surgeon, types of surgery, duration of surgery, postoperative procedures, and timing of antibiotic administration. The use of these variables presented the possibility of two problems: the presence of a nonmonotonic relation in the case of continuous variables (age and duration of surgery), and the presence of a large number of indicators for the evaluation of risk.
Four steps were taken to reduce the impact of these potential problems on the logistic model. First, the continuous variables (age and duration of surgery) were categorized by grouping patients into deciles quantified by dummy variables, so that any nonmonotonic relations between the infection rate and these variables could be assessed. Second, the number of categories in the variables for underlying diseases and types of surgery was reduced by combining similar categories. For example, underlying diseases were classified according to the integer part of the relevant code in the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification, which resulted in 202 different classes of disease, and groups of similar diseases were further combined by an infectious-disease physician blinded to the rates of infection in the categories. The result was 176 categories of underlying disease and 105 categories of type of surgery. Third, the number of categories in a variable set was further reduced by classifying all categories containing fewer than 10 patients as "other." For example, 45 of the 176 classes of underlying disease included 10 or more patients, and the patients in the remaining 131 categories were classified as having "other" diseases. Finally, each variable set defined in accordance with the first three steps was considered for further analysis if it achieved a significance of P<0.05 in the overall-set logistic regression of surgical-wound infection,18 with the exception of the categories of age and sex, which were retained because they are fundamental to epidemiologic studies. To reduce the number of categories, each significant variable set was tested separately in a forward stepwise logistic regression, with the indicators considered in the final analysis for which there was a significance level of P<0.10 for the differential association with surgical-wound infection.
Results
Study Population
Of the 6959 patients who underwent elective surgery during the study period, 2847 patients satisfied the criteria for inclusion in the study. Three hundred forty-six types of surgical procedures were performed; the most common, representing 55 percent of the total, were total abdominal hysterectomy (10 percent), cholecystectomy with intraoperative cholangiography (9 percent), bowel resection (8 percent), vaginal hysterectomy (7 percent), gastric bypass for morbid obesity with cholecystectomy (6 percent), total knee arthroplasty (6 percent), total hip arthroplasty (5 percent), and gastric bypass for morbid obesity without cholecystectomy (4 percent). The patients ranged in age from 11 to 97 years (mean, 53). There were 1758 women and 1089 men. The average length of hospitalization was 7.6 days; 55 patients died during their hospitalization. There were 1359 clean operations and 1488 clean—contaminated operations.
Timing of Antibiotic Administration
Of the 2847 patients qualifying for the study, 1708 (60 percent) had antibiotics administered preoperatively (0 to 2 hours before the initial surgical incision) (Table 1Table 1
Temporal Relation between the Administration of Prophylactic Antibiotics and Rates of Surgical-Wound Infection.). The remaining patients received antimicrobial prophylaxis as follows: 282 patients had perioperative antibiotic administration (within 3 hours after the incision), 488 patients had postoperative antibiotic administration (more than 3 hours after incision), and 369 patients received antibiotics early (2 to 24 hours before the incision). Four intravenous antibiotics accounted for 84 percent of all the antibiotics used: cefazolin (56 percent), cefonicid (12 percent), cefoxitin (10 percent), and cefamandole (6 percent). None of these antibiotics were overrepresented in any of the timing groups. All the patients received prophylaxis for a minimum of 24 hours after surgery, and more than 80 percent received it for at least 48 hours. No difference in the duration of antibiotic prophylaxis was detected among the various timing groups.Surgical-Wound Infections
In the 2847 surgical patients in our study, 44 surgical-wound infections were detected (1.5 percent) (Table 1). There was no significant difference between the two study years in the overall rates of such infections. Among the 1708 patients who received preoperative antibiotics, surgical-wound infections developed subsequently in 10 (0.6 percent). Among the 282 patients who received perioperative antibiotics, surgical-wound infections developed in 4 (1.4 percent) (P = 0.12; relative risk, 2.4; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.9 to 7.9). Among the 488 patients who received postoperative antibiotics, surgical-wound infections developed in 16 (3.3 percent) (P<0.0001; relative risk, 5.8; 95 percent confidence interval, 2.6 to 12.3). Finally, there were 14 surgical-wound infections (3.8 percent) among the 369 patients who received antibiotics early (P<0.0001; relative risk, 6.7; 95 percent confidence interval, 2.9 to 14.7). Among the 1359 clean surgical procedures, there were 16 wound infections (1.2 percent), and among the 1488 clean—contaminated operations there were 28 such infections (1.9 percent). This difference was not significant (P = 0.17).
For the period that extended from 2 hours before to 10 hours after surgery, we stratified the rate of surgical-wound infections according to the hour of antibiotic administration in relation to the time of the surgical incision (Fig. 1Figure 1
Rates of Surgical-Wound Infection Corresponding to the Temporal Relation between Antibiotic Administration and the Start of Surgery.). The group of patients who received early antibiotics was not included in this analysis. The lowest rate of surgical-wound infection occurred in the patients who received antibiotics from 0 to 2 hours before surgery. The trend toward higher rates of infection with each successive hour that antibiotic administration was delayed after the surgical incision was significant (z score, 2.00; P<0.05 by the Wilcoxon test).Bacteriology
Forty-three bacterial isolates were recovered from 41 of the 44 surgical-wound infections that occurred in the course of the study. Three infections were not cultured, and two infections each yielded two organisms. Staphylococcus aureus accounted for seven isolates, Bacteroides fragilis for six, gram-negative rods for six (species of enteric bacilli were not further identified), Enterobacter cloacae for five, enterococcus for five, Klebsiella pneumoniae for two, Pseudomonas aeruginosa for two, Escherichia coli for two, and other organisms for the remaining eight. Gram-negative organisms were encountered in wound infections more frequently after clean—contaminated operations than after clean operations, but the difference was not significant.
Susceptibility to Prophylactic Agents
Of the 43 isolates from the 41 surgical-wound infections, 25 (58 percent) were resistant to the antimicrobial agent used, 15 (35 percent) were susceptible to the agent used, and 3 (7 percent) were not tested for susceptibility to the agent used. When we studied the isolates according to the timing of antibiotic prophylaxis, 9 of 12 recovered from the early group (75 percent), 8 of 14 from the preoperative group (57 percent), 3 of 4 from the perioperative group (75 percent), and 5 of 13 from the postoperative group (39 percent) were resistant to the prophylactic agent used. However, none of the differences between timing groups in the rate of such resistance reached statistical significance.
Logistic Regression Analysis
The results of the logistic regression analysis are presented in Table 1. Of the 11 original sets of variables tested, only 5 were significant at the 0.05 level: underlying disease, nursing service, type of surgery, duration of surgery, and timing of the first dose of prophylactic antibiotics. Age, sex, surgeon, and postsurgical procedures were not statistically significant. The 106 categories contained in the five significant variable sets were reduced to 24 indicators by a stepwise selection procedure (with P<0.1 as the criterion for selection) within each set and were further reduced to 15 (P<0.1) when all the indicators were included in a single model. Subsequently, age and sex were included in the model, and finally the timing of prophylaxis. In the final model, sex and six of the nine age-group deciles were not significant (P>0.10). Of the remaining three age groups, those for patients 41 through 47 and 66 through 70 years old were significant (P≤0.05), and that for patients 71 through 75 years old was borderline (P = 0.06). The odds ratios indicate that the relation of age to rates of surgical-wound infection was nonmonotonic. After we controlled for all these variables, the results for two timing groups were significant in relation to the preoperative group. Postoperative antibiotic administration had the strongest relation to infection (odds ratio = 5.8; 95 percent confidence interval, 2.4 to 13.8; P = 0.0001), and early antibiotic administration the next strongest relation (odds ratio = 4.3; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.8 to 10.4; P = 0.001). Perioperative antibiotic administration was not significantly different from preoperative administration with respect to the development of surgical-wound infection (odds ratio = 2.1; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.6 to 7.4; P = 0.23).
Discussion
Early trials of prophylactic antimicrobial agents often failed to show efficacy in preventing surgical-wound infections because the antibiotics were given after surgery was completed. Using a guinea pig model of subcutaneous S. aureus infection, Burke demonstrated that administering antibiotics before or shortly after the inoculation of skin with S. aureus reduced the size of the ensuing skin lesion markedly and that with each delay of an hour in antibiotic administration, the resulting lesion became larger until the third hour. By the fourth hour, the lesion was the same size as in untreated control animals.199 This work was corroborated by Shapiro et al., who used the guinea pig model for studies with B. fragilis.20 The clinical validity of these observations was established by Polk and Lopez-Mayor in a study of perioperative and postoperative administration of cephaloridine in which there was a significantly lower rate of surgical-wound infection in patients who received the drug perioperatively.21 These results were further supported in a trial by Stone et al., who also found the lowest rate of surgical-wound infection in patients receiving preoperative antibiotics and showed that the rates of wound infection in patients given antibiotics one to four hours after the start of surgery were significantly higher than those in patients with preoperative administration and were the same as those in patients receiving no prophylaxis.22
The relation between the timing of antibiotic prophylaxis in clinical practice and the occurrence of surgical-wound infections has not been well studied, although several clinical trials have suggested an association. We found that the use of antibiotics within the two-hour period before an operation was associated with the lowest rate of surgical-wound infection, and logistic-regression analysis also supported the conclusion that antibiotic administration during this period was inversely associated with the occurrence of such infections. Patients who received antibiotic prophylaxis more than three hours after the initial incision had a wound-infection rate of 3.3 percent, more than five times the rate in those who received antibiotics within two hours of surgery (P<0.0001). Patients who received an antibiotic within three hours after the incision had an infection rate of 1.4 percent, almost three times the rate in the preoperative timing group (P = 0.12). These differences suggest that there is an increased risk of surgical-wound infection even if the antibiotic is administered shortly after the surgical incision is made. In our study, the rate of wound infection was higher with each hour that passed after the surgical incision, supporting the observation that the risk of infection increases with each hour after the incision until antimicrobial prophylaxis is administered.
The patients who received their antibiotics more than two hours before surgery also had a high rate of wound infection. Our criteria for entry into the study limited it to patients who were undergoing elective surgery. Patients admitted to the hospital more than 48 hours before surgery and patients who had any evidence of infection before surgery were excluded. In a randomized study of antibiotic prophylaxis, Stone et al. also observed a trend toward higher rates of surgical-wound infection in patients in whom antimicrobial prophylaxis was started 12 hours before surgery.22
The logistic-regression analysis revealed several factors associated with the development of surgical-wound infections. Few age categories were significantly associated with such infection, and the relation was nonmonotonic. Two longer intervals for the duration of surgery were associated with increased rates of infection; surgical-wound classification was not significantly associated, however, probably because our study included only clean and clean—contaminated surgical wounds. Admission to specific hospital services (general surgery, general internal medicine, or cardiovascular surgery) was associated with surgical-wound infection. In addition, certain underlying diseases (arthropathies, acute and chronic forms of ischemic heart disease, and intestinal symptoms usually requiring surgery) were also associated with an increased risk of surgical-wound infection. This observation probably reflects a group of patients who are more severely ill and at higher risk for postoperative complications. After we controlled for all these variables, early and postoperative administration of prophylactic antibiotics was still significantly associated with an increased rate of infection, indicating that the timing of antibiotic administration is critical in preventing surgical-wound infections in routine clinical practice.
Risk factors that have been linked to surgical-wound infections include operative factors such as the type and length of surgery, operative technique, surgeon's skill, preoperative preparation of the surgical site, and factors in the host such as advanced age, the presence of diabetes, cancer, obesity, or malnutrition. Improvements in the management of many of these problems have contributed to the overall decline in the rate of surgical-wound infections.23 24 25 26 27 28 Because of the low rate of surgical-wound infection in patients who have undergone clean or clean—contaminated surgery, interventional studies to reduce the incidence of such infections further often lack statistical power to detect significant differences. Indeed, our study, which had a surgical-wound infection rate of 1.5 percent, required nearly 3000 patients for a statistically significant difference in the infection rate to be detectable among groups of patients receiving antibiotics at different times. Further randomized clinical studies in this area will need very large samples to detect significant differences in outcomes. Given the cost and logistical difficulties of mounting such studies, it appears unlikely that they will be performed. Furthermore, randomized clinical trials do not provide data on the way clinicians use interventions in actual practice.29 Ellwood noted that "outcomes management lacks the purposeful randomization of a clinical trial, but.. generates information about the results of the seemingly natural variations in practice style."30 If all the antibiotics in this study had been administered appropriately, an estimated 27 wound infections could have been prevented.
Assessing the effectiveness of a particular clinical intervention requires a system of intense surveillance that is able to provide monitoring, analysis of variations, assessment of interventions, feedback, and education.31 Information from such investigations, reported to clinicians, allows them to alter their practice patterns and continually improve the quality of patient care. Indeed, the information obtained in this study was reported to our physicians and has altered practice patterns. In the first six months of 1991, 96 percent of all prophylactic antibiotics administered to surgical patients at LDS Hospital were given during the two hours before the surgical incision.
Supported in part by a grant (HS 06028) from the Agency for Health Care Policy and Research.
We are indebted to Robert A. Larsen, M.D., for assistance and to Allen B. Kaiser, M.D., for advice.
Source Information
From the Department of Clinical Epidemiology, LDS Hospital, and the Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City. Address reprint requests to Dr. Burke at the Department of Clinical Epidemiology, LDS Hospital, Eighth Ave. and C St., Salt Lake City, UT 84143.
- References
References
1
Shapiro
Full Text | Web of Science | Medline2
Guglielmo
Web of Science | Medline3
Crossley
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline4
Bergquist
Web of Science | Medline5
Finland
Medline6
Burdon
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline7
Stone
Web of Science | Medline8
Ronald
Web of Science | Medline9
Moleski
CrossRef | Medline10
Antimicrobial prophylaxis for surgery . Med Lett Drugs Ther 1985;27:105–8.
Web of Science | Medline11
Larsen
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline12
Donabedian
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline13
Greenfield
Full Text | Web of Science | Medline14
Pryor
CrossRef | Medline15
Evans
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline16
The SENIC Project
Web of Science17
Hosmer DW Jr, Lemeshow S. Applied logistic regression. New York: John Wiley, 1989.
18
Polissar
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline19
Burke
Web of Science | Medline20
Shapiro
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline21
Polk
Web of Science | Medline22
Stone
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline23
Hunt
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline24
Simmons
Medline25
Gil-Egea
Medline26
Olson
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline27
Ehrenkranz
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline28
Kaiser
Full Text | Web of Science | Medline29
Berman
Web of Science | Medline30
Ellwood
Full Text | Web of Science | Medline31
Roper
Full Text | Web of Science | Medline
- Citing Articles (367)
Citing Articles
1
Amit Shah, Bharat Gajjar, Ravi Shankar. (2013) Antibiotic Utilization for Surgical Prophylaxis in a Tertiary Care Teaching Rural Hospital. International Journal of User-Driven Healthcare 1:4, 1-14
CrossRef2
James H. Wood, Peter M. Nthumba, Edita Stepita-Poenaru, Dan Poenaru. (2012) Pediatric surgical site infection in the developing world: a Kenyan experience. Pediatric Surgery International
CrossRef3
Steven J. Schwulst, John E. Mazuski. (2012) Surgical Prophylaxis and Other Complication Avoidance Care Bundles. Surgical Clinics of North America
CrossRef4
Benjamin J. Ahern, Dean W. Richardson. 2012. Surgical Site Infection and the Use of Antimicrobials. , 68-84.
CrossRef5
K. D. FREEMAN, L. L. SOUTHWOOD, J. LANE, S. LINDBORG, H. W. ACETO. (2012) Post operative infection, pyrexia and perioperative antimicrobial drug use in surgical colic patients. Equine Veterinary Journalno-no
CrossRef6
Tamara D. Simon, Kathryn B. Whitlock, Jay Riva-Cambrin, John R. W. Kestle, Margaret Rosenfeld, J. Michael Dean, Richard Holubkov, Marcie Langley, Nicole Mayer-Hamblett. (2012) Association of intraventricular hemorrhage secondary to prematurity with cerebrospinal fluid shunt surgery in the first year following initial shunt placement. Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics 9:1, 54-63
CrossRef7
Stacie Deiner, Jeffrey H. Silverstein. (2012) Long-Term Outcomes in Elderly Surgical Patients. Mount Sinai Journal of Medicine: A Journal of Translational and Personalized Medicine 79:1, 95-106
CrossRef8
Eu Suk Kim, Sang-Won Park, Chang-Seop Lee, Yee Gyung Kwak, Chisook Moon, Baek-Nam Kim. (2012) Impact of a national hospital evaluation program using clinical performance indicators on the use of surgical antibiotic prophylaxis in Korea. International Journal of Infectious Diseases
CrossRef9
P. Montravers, H. Houissa, S. Boudinet. (2012) Antibioprophylaxie périopératoire : il faut préserver les acquis !. Annales Françaises d'Anesthésie et de Réanimation
CrossRef10
Wesley G. Lackey, Kyle J. Jeray, Atul F. Kamath, John G. Horneff, John L. Esterhai. 2011. Wound Infections. , 78-85.
CrossRef11
Jason K Baxter, Vincenzo Berghella, A Dhanya Mackeen, N. Tanya Ohly, Samantha Weed, Jason K Baxter. 2011. Timing of prophylactic antibiotics for preventing postpartum infectious morbidity in women undergoing cesarean delivery. .
CrossRef12
Jay S. Lee, Awori J. Hayanga, James J. Kubus, Henry Makepeace, Max Hutton, Darrell A. Campbell, Michael J. Englesbe. (2011) Local Anesthesia: A Strategy for Reducing Surgical Site Infections?. World Journal of Surgery 35:12, 2596-2602
CrossRef13
M.R. Tatterton, S. Homer-Vanniasinkam. (2011) Infections in vascular surgery. Injury 42, S35-S41
CrossRef14
A. Lador, H. Nasir, N. Mansur, E. Sharoni, P. Biderman, L. Leibovici, M. Paul. (2011) Antibiotic prophylaxis in cardiac surgery: systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy
CrossRef15
Xinhua Qu, Xiaolu Huang, Kerong Dai. (2011) Metal-on-metal or metal-on-polyethylene for total hip arthroplasty: a meta-analysis of prospective randomized studies. Archives of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery 131:11, 1573-1583
CrossRef16
I. Uçkay, S. Harbarth, T. Ferry, A. Lübbeke, S. Emonet, P. Hoffmeyer, D. Pittet. (2011) Meticillin resistance in orthopaedic coagulase-negative staphylococcal infections. Journal of Hospital Infection 79:3, 248-253
CrossRef17
Mark R. Laftavi, Rezvan Rostami, Sunil Patel, Romesh Kohli, Helia Laftavi, Lin Feng, Meriem Said, Merril Dayton, Oleh Pankewycz. (2011) Universal perioperative antimicrobial prophylaxis is not necessary in kidney transplantation. Clinical Transplantationno-no
CrossRef18
Anil Kumar Danda, Poornima Ravi. (2011) Effectiveness of Postoperative Antibiotics in Orthognathic Surgery: A Meta-Analysis. Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 69:10, 2650-2656
CrossRef19
C. Gifford, N. Christelis, A. Cheng. (2011) Preventing postoperative infection: the anaesthetist's role. Continuing Education in Anaesthesia, Critical Care & Pain 11:5, 151-156
CrossRef20
Stephanie H. Chang, Alexander S. Krupnick. (2011) Perioperative Antibiotics in Thoracic Surgery. Thoracic Surgery Clinics
CrossRef21
Inge C. Gyssens. (2011) Antibiotic policy. International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents
CrossRef22
Bart A, Swierstra, Anton MJS Vervest, Geert HIM Walenkamp, B Wim Schreurs, Pieter TJ Spierings, Ide C Heyligers, Job LC van Susante, Harmen B Ettema, Mariette J Jansen, Pim J Hennis, Janneke de Vries, Sabrina B Muller-Ploeger, Margreet A Pols. (2011) Dutch guideline on total hip prosthesis. Acta Orthopaedica 82:5, 567-576
CrossRef23
Panagiotis Tsikouras, Alexandros Dafopoulos, Christos Zografou, Artemis Karkanaki, Evelin Tsigga, Alexandros Ammari, Konstantinos Dafopoulos, Georgios Galazios, Vasileios Liberis, Alexander Tobias Teichmann. (2011) Comparative study of the intravenous chemoprophylaxix versus local Sulmycin Implant E Sponge use in vaginal hysterectomy. Minimally Invasive Therapy & Allied Technologies1-7
CrossRef24
Michael J. Dunbar, Glen Richardson. (2011) Minimizing Infection Risk: Fortune Favors the Prepared Mind. Orthopedics
CrossRef25
Mao Hagihara, Mieko Suwa, Yumi Ito, Yuki Muramatsu, Yukiko Kato, Yuka Yamagishi, Hiroshige Mikamo. (2011) Preventing surgical-site infections after colorectal surgery. Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy
CrossRef26
Thomas G. Weiser, Marcus E. Semel, Alan E. Simon, Stuart R. Lipsitz, Alex B. Haynes, Luke M. Funk, William R. Berry, Atul A. Gawande. (2011) In-hospital Death following Inpatient Surgical Procedures in the United States, 1996–2006. World Journal of Surgery 35:9, 1950-1956
CrossRef27
Vanessa P. Ho, Philip S. Barie, Sharon L. Stein, Koiana Trencheva, Jeffrey W. Milsom, Sang W. Lee, Toyooki Sonoda. (2011) Antibiotic Regimen and the Timing of Prophylaxis Are Important for Reducing Surgical Site Infection after Elective Abdominal Colorectal Surgery. Surgical Infections 12:4, 255-260
CrossRef28
Su Keng Tan, John Lo, Roger A. Zwahlen. (2011) Perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis in orthognathic surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology, and Endodontology 112:1, 19-27
CrossRef29
M. J. Enzler, E. Berbari, D. R. Osmon. (2011) Antimicrobial Prophylaxis in Adults. Mayo Clinic Proceedings 86:7, 686-701
CrossRef30
Amy Stenson. 2011. Perioperative Infections: Prevention and Therapeutic Options. , 235-260.
CrossRef31
Brian C. Werner, Francis H. Shen, Adam L. Shimer. (2011) Infections After Lumbar Spine Surgery: Avoidance and Treatment. Seminars in Spine Surgery 23:2, 142-150
CrossRef32
G. Gradl, C. Horn, L.K.L. Postl, T. Miethke, H. Gollwitzer. (2011) Antibiotische Infektionsprophylaxe in der Primär- und Revisionsendoprothetik der Hüfte. Der Orthopäde 40:6, 520-527
CrossRef33
Brian T Bucher, Brad W Warner, Patrick A Dillon. (2011) Antibiotic prophylaxis and the prevention of surgical site infection. Current Opinion in Pediatrics 23:3, 334-338
CrossRef34
Alan F. Merry, Diana H. Shipp, Jocelyn S. Lowinger. (2011) The contribution of labelling to safe medication administration in anaesthetic practice. Best Practice & Research Clinical Anaesthesiology 25:2, 145-159
CrossRef35
Marian Grade, Michael Quintel, B. Michael Ghadimi. (2011) Standard perioperative management in gastrointestinal surgery. Langenbeck's Archives of Surgery 396:5, 591-606
CrossRef36
Matthew S. Wosnitzer, Jason M. Greenfield. (2011) Antibiotic Patterns with Inflatable Penile Prosthesis Insertion. The Journal of Sexual Medicine 8:5, 1521-1528
CrossRef37
Sharon L. Achilles, Matthew F. Reeves. (2011) Prevention of infection after induced abortion. Contraception 83:4, 295-309
CrossRef38
Mantaj S. Brar, Savtaj S. Brar, Elijah Dixon. (2011) Perioperative Supplemental Oxygen in Colorectal Patients: A Meta-Analysis. Journal of Surgical Research 166:2, 227-235
CrossRef39
Michael Larochelle, Neil Hyman, Linda Gruppi, Turner Osler. (2011) Diminishing Surgical Site Infections After Colorectal Surgery With Surgical Care Improvement Project: Is It Time to Move on?. Diseases of the Colon & Rectum 54:4, 394-400
CrossRef40
Nibedan Biswas, Patrick Hogston. (2011) Surgical risk from obesity in gynaecology. The Obstetrician & Gynaecologist 13:2, 87-91
CrossRef41
S. Buffet-Bataillon, C. Haegelen, L. Riffaud, M. Bonnaure-Mallet, G. Brassier, M. Cormier. (2011) Impact of surgical site infection surveillance in a neurosurgical unit. Journal of Hospital Infection 77:4, 352-355
CrossRef42
Samantha Hendren, Michael J. Englesbe, Linda Brooks, James Kubus, Huiying Yin, Darrell A. Campbell. (2011) Prophylactic antibiotic practices for colectomy in Michigan. The American Journal of Surgery 201:3, 290-294
CrossRef43
P. Knebel, M.A. Weigand, M.W. Büchler, C.M. Seiler. (2011) Evidenzbasierte Antibiotikaprophylaxe in der Allgemein- und Viszeralchirurgie. Der Chirurg 82:3, 227-234
CrossRef44
I.F. Chaberny, K. Graf. (2011) Strategien zur Prävention von postoperativen Wundinfektionen. Der Unfallchirurg 114:3, 236-240
CrossRef45
Sharon J. Nessim. (2011) Prevention Of Peritoneal Dialysis–Related Infections. Seminars in Nephrology 31:2, 199-212
CrossRef46
Deverick J. Anderson. (2011) Surgical Site Infections. Infectious Disease Clinics of North America 25:1, 135-153
CrossRef47
Alfonso Caiazzo, Piero Casavecchia, Roberto Barone, FEDERICO BRUGNAMI. (2011) A PILOT STUDY TO DETERMINE THE EFFECTIVENESS OF DIFFERENT AMOXICILLIN REGIMENS IN IMPLANT SURGERY. Journal of Oral Implantology110220121911010
CrossRef48
Adib A Abla, Joseph M Zabramski, Heidi K Jahnke, David Fusco, Peter Nakaji. (2011) Comparison of Two Antibiotic-Impregnated Ventricular Catheters: A Prospective Sequential Series Trial. Neurosurgery 68:2, 437-442
CrossRef49
Ashley Dickinson, Motaz Qadan, Clayton Weller, Sarah Gardner, Hiram C. Polk. (2011) In Vitro Study of Variables Relevant to Perioperative Care of the Surgical Patient: Glucose, Osmolarity, and Rewarming. Journal of the American College of Surgeons 212:2, 180-186
CrossRef50
M. Carles, M. Blay, E. Gaertner. (2011) Anestesia in chirurgia ortopedica. EMC - Anestesia-Rianimazione 16:3, 1-13
CrossRef51
RF Lamont, JD Sobel, JP Kusanovic, E Vaisbuch, S Mazaki-Tovi, SK Kim, N Uldbjerg, R Romero. (2011) Current debate on the use of antibiotic prophylaxis for caesarean section. BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology 118:2, 193-201
CrossRef52
Ashraf E AbuKaraky, Khaldoon Afifeh, Adel A Khatib, Nadiajda O Khdairi, Hanan M Habarneh, Waleed KH Ahmad, Ahmad AS Hamdan, Faleh A Sawair. (2011) Antibiotics prescribing practices in oral implantology among jordanian dentists. A cross sectional, observational study. BMC Research Notes 4:1, 266
CrossRef53
M. Carles, M. Blay, E. Gaertner. (2011) Anestesia en cirugía ortopédica. EMC - Anestesia-Reanimación 37:3, 1-14
CrossRef54
Emily K. Shuman, Preeti N. Malani. (2011) Prevention and Management of Prosthetic Joint Infection in Older Adults. Drugs & Aging 28:1, 13-26
CrossRef55
Y. Takahashi, Y. Takesue, K. Nakajima, K. Ichiki, Y. Wada, T. Tsuchida, M. Ishihara, H. Ikeuchi, M. Uchino. (2010) Implementation of a hospital-wide project for appropriate antimicrobial prophylaxis. Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy 16:6, 418-423
CrossRef56
J. Cooke, K. Alexander, E. Charani, K. Hand, T. Hills, P. Howard, C. Jamieson, W. Lawson, J. Richardson, P. Wade. (2010) Antimicrobial stewardship: an evidence-based, antimicrobial self-assessment toolkit (ASAT) for acute hospitals. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 65:12, 2669-2673
CrossRef57
Bala G. Nair, Shu-Fang Newman, Gene N. Peterson, Wei-Ying Wu, Howard A. Schwid. (2010) Feedback Mechanisms Including Real-Time Electronic Alerts to Achieve Near 100% Timely Prophylactic Antibiotic Administration in Surgical Cases. Anesthesia & Analgesia 111:5, 1293-1300
CrossRef58
Ursula A. Galway, Brian M. Parker, Raymond G. Borkowski. (2010) Prevention of Postoperative Surgical Site Infections. International Anesthesiology Clinics 47:4, 37-53
CrossRef59
Aradhana M. Venkatesan, Sanjoy Kundu, David Sacks, Michael J. Wallace, Joan C. Wojak, Steven C. Rose, Timothy W.I. Clark, B. Janne d'Othee, Maxim Itkin, Robert S. Jones. (2010) Practice Guideline for Adult Antibiotic Prophylaxis during Vascular and Interventional Radiology Procedures. Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology 21:11, 1611-1630
CrossRef60
Alexander Lauder, Scharukh Jalisi, Jeffrey Spiegel, John Stram, Anand Devaiah. (2010) Antibiotic prophylaxis in the management of complex midface and frontal sinus trauma. The Laryngoscope 120:10, 1940-1945
CrossRef61
Daniel J. Ostlie, Shawn D. St Peter. (2010) The current state of evidence-based pediatric surgery. Journal of Pediatric Surgery 45:10, 1940-1946
CrossRef62
Frank J. Overdyk. (2010) Bridging the Gap to Reduce Surgical Site Infections. Anesthesia & Analgesia 111:4, 836-837
CrossRef63
David R. King, George C. Velmahos. (2010) Difficulties in managing the surgical patient who is morbidly obese. Critical Care Medicine 38, S478-S482
CrossRef64
T. Hachenberg, M. Sentürk, O. Jannasch, H. Lippert. (2010) Postoperative Wundinfektionen. Der Anaesthesist 59:9, 851-868
CrossRef65
G Justus Hofmeyr, Theresa A Lawrie, Álvaro N Atallah, Lelia Duley, G Justus Hofmeyr. 2010. Calcium supplementation during pregnancy for preventing hypertensive disorders and related problems. .
CrossRef66
Theodora A. Nemeth, Gregory J. Beilman, Carol L. Hamlin, Jeffrey G. Chipman. (2010) Preoperative Verification of Timely Antimicrobial Prophylaxis Does Not Improve Compliance with Guidelines. Surgical Infections 11:4, 387-391
CrossRef67
Dann J. Laudermilch, Catherine J. Fedorka, Alma Heyl, Nalini Rao, Richard L. McGough. (2010) Outcomes of Revision Total Knee Arthroplasty After Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infection. Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research® 468:8, 2067-2073
CrossRef68
Shruti Gupta Kapoor, Jeremy Huff, Steven P. Cohen. (2010) Systematic review of the incidence of discitis after cervical discography. The Spine Journal 10:8, 739-745
CrossRef69
Raghavendra Govinda, Yusuke Kasuya, Endrit Bala, Ramatia Mahboobi, Jagan Devarajan, Daniel I. Sessler, Ozan Akça. (2010) Early Postoperative Subcutaneous Tissue Oxygen Predicts Surgical Site Infection. Anesthesia & Analgesia1
CrossRef70
James M. Watkins, Motaz Qadan, Chris Battista, Hiram C. Polk. (2010) A closer look at surgical quality measures across different surgical specialties. The American Journal of Surgery 200:1, 90-96
CrossRef71
Paul Cronen, Motaz Qadan, Nathan Z. Hicks, Hiram C. Polk. (2010) Standards of surgery beyond metropolitan centers: a fresh look at perioperative quality measures in small-town America. The American Journal of Surgery 200:1, 97-104
CrossRef72
Ilker Uçkay, Stephan Harbarth, Robin Peter, Daniel Lew, Pierre Hoffmeyer, Didier Pittet. (2010) Preventing surgical site infections. Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy 8:6, 657-670
CrossRef73
Motaz Qadan, E. Brooks Weller, Sarah A. Gardner, Claudio Maldonado, Donald E. Fry, Hiram C. Polk. (2010) Glucose and Surgical Sepsis: A Study of Underlying Immunologic Mechanisms. Journal of the American College of Surgeons 210:6, 966-974
CrossRef74
Tjasa Hranjec, Brian R. Swenson, Robert G. Sawyer. (2010) Surgical Site Infection Prevention: How We Do It. Surgical Infections 11:3, 289-294
CrossRef75
Kui-Hin Liau, Khin-Thanda Aung, Nelson Chua, Choon-Kiat Ho, Chung-Yip Chan, Alfred Kow, Arul Earnest, Sing-Joo Chia. (2010) Outcome of a Strategy To Reduce Surgical Site Infection in a Tertiary-Care Hospital. Surgical Infections 11:2, 151-159
CrossRef76
Jean Mantz, Souhayl Dahmani, Catherine Paugam-Burtz. (2010) Outcomes in perioperative care. Current Opinion in Anaesthesiology 23:2, 201-208
CrossRef77
P. Bejon, A. Berendt, B. L. Atkins, N. Green, H. Parry, S. Masters, P. Mclardy-Smith, R. Gundle, I. Byren. (2010) Two-stage revision for prosthetic joint infection: predictors of outcome and the role of reimplantation microbiology. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 65:3, 569-575
CrossRef78
LORRAINE J. AVERY, KAREN N. SCHNELL-HOEHN. (2010) Clinical Nurse Specialist Practice in Evidence-Informed Multidisciplinary Cardiac Care. Clinical Nurse Specialist 24:2, 76-79
CrossRef79
Rabih O Darouiche, Michael C Mosier, Jeffrey Voigt, Jeffrey Voigt. 2010. Antibiotics and antiseptics to prevent infection in cardiac rhythm management device implantation surgery. .
CrossRef80
Helena Rosengren, Anthony Dixon. (2010) Antibacterial Prophylaxis in Dermatologic Surgery. American Journal of Clinical Dermatology 11:1, 35-44
CrossRef81
G Justus Hofmeyr, Hairong Xu, G Justus Hofmeyr. 2010. Amnioinfusion for meconium-stained liquor in labour. .
CrossRef82
Fiona M Smaill, Gillian ML Gyte, Fiona M Smaill. 2010. Antibiotic prophylaxis versus no prophylaxis for preventing infection after cesarean section. .
CrossRef83
M. Leone, F. Michel, C. Martin. (2010) Profilassi antibiotica in chirurgia. Principi generali e prescrizione dell???antibioticoprofilassi. EMC - Anestesia-Rianimazione 15:4, 1-7
CrossRef84
Hedef Ozgun, Bulent M. Ertugrul, Aykut Soyder, Barcin Ozturk, Mujgan Aydemir. (2010) Peri-operative antibiotic prophylaxis: Adherence to guidelines and effects of educational intervention. International Journal of Surgery 8:2, 159-163
CrossRef85
Ji Kyung Ko, Yong Kyoon Cho, Hye Jin Yang, Chan Wook Park, Joong Shin Park, Jong Kwan Jun, Min Gyun Kim, Hye Sung Won, Pil Ryang Lee, Ahm Kim. (2010) A prospective multicenter randomized study on prophylactic antibiotics use in cesarean section performed at tertiary center. Korean Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 53:3, 227
CrossRef86
David Zuanazzi, Renata Souto, Marcelo Barbosa Accioly Mattos, Maura Rodrigues Zuanazzi, Bernardo Rangel Tura, Carmelo Sansone, Ana Paula Vieira Colombo. (2010) Prevalence of potential bacterial respiratory pathogens in the oral cavity of hospitalised individuals. Archives of Oral Biology 55:1, 21-28
CrossRef87
Anna Stefánsdóttir, Otto Robertsson, Annette W-Dahl, Sverrir Kiernan, Pelle Gustafson, Lars Lidgren. (2009) Inadequate timing of prophylactic antibiotics in orthopedic surgery. We can do better. Acta Orthopaedica 80:6, 633-638
CrossRef88
Paul Hadway, Lucinda K. Barrett, David J. Waghorn, Kadir Hasan, Amarjit Bdesha, Neil Haldar, John Kelleher. (2009) UROSEPSIS AND BACTERAEMIA CAUSED BY ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANT ORGANISMS AFTER TRANSRECTAL ULTRASONOGRAPHY-GUIDED PROSTATE BIOPSY. BJU International 104:11, 1556-1558
CrossRef89
K. Miliani, F. L'Heriteau, P. Astagneau, . (2009) Non-compliance with recommendations for the practice of antibiotic prophylaxis and risk of surgical site infection: results of a multilevel analysis from the INCISO Surveillance Network. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 64:6, 1307-1315
CrossRef90
Ibrahim Akin, Christoph A. Nienaber, Stephan Kische, Tim C. Rehders, Jasmin Ortak, Tushar Chatterjee, Henrik Schneider, Hüseyin Ince. (2009) Influencia del tratamiento antibiótico en pacientes con síndrome postimplantación tras la colocación de stents aórticos. Revista Española de Cardiología 62:12, 1365-1372
CrossRef91
Shiv K. Sharma, Jonathan O. Jones, Pablo P. Zeballos, Stephen A. Irwin, Thomas W. Martin. (2009) The prevention of discitis during discography. The Spine Journal 9:11, 936-943
CrossRef92
Nikolaus Reischl, Peter Wahl, Matthias Jacobi, Steve Clerc, Emanuel Gautier, Roland P. Jakob. (2009) Infections after high tibial open wedge osteotomy: a case control study. Archives of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery 129:11, 1483-1487
CrossRef93
Walter Zingg, Nicolas Demartines, Alexander Imhof, Gabriela Senn, Christian Ruef. (2009) Rapid Colonization with Methicillin-Resistant Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci After Surgery. World Journal of Surgery 33:10, 2058-2062
CrossRef94
Philipp N Streubel, William M Ricci, Michael J Gardner. (2009) Fragility fractures: preoperative, perioperative, and postoperative management. Current Orthopaedic Practice 20:5, 482-489
CrossRef95
Stephanie M. Owens, Beverly S. Brozanski, Leslie A. Meyn, Harold C. Wiesenfeld. (2009) Antimicrobial Prophylaxis for Cesarean Delivery Before Skin Incision. Obstetrics & Gynecology 114:3, 573-579
CrossRef96
Guido Beldi, Sonja Bisch-Knaden, Vanessa Banz, Kathrin Mühlemann, Daniel Candinas. (2009) Impact of intraoperative behavior on surgical site infections. The American Journal of Surgery 198:2, 157-162
CrossRef97
MM Manring, Jason H Calhoun, Camelia Marculescu. (2009) Minimizing the risk of postoperative infection. Current Orthopaedic Practice 20:4, 429-436
CrossRef98
James P. Steinberg, Barbara I. Braun, Walter C. Hellinger, Linda Kusek, Michele R. Bozikis, Andrew J. Bush, E Patchen Dellinger, John P. Burke, Bryan Simmons, Stephen B. Kritchevsky. (2009) Timing of Antimicrobial Prophylaxis and the Risk of Surgical Site Infections. Annals of Surgery 250:1, 10-16
CrossRef99
Sam Chen, Matt V. Anderson, Wayne K. Cheng, Montri D. Wongworawat. (2009) Diabetes Associated with Increased Surgical Site Infections in Spinal Arthrodesis. Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research® 467:7, 1670-1673
CrossRef100
M. Mühlstädt, D. Kulichová, C. Kunte. (2009) Perioperative Antibiotikaprophylaxe in der Dermatochirurgie. Der Hautarzt 60:7, 546-549
CrossRef101
Gokhan Yildirim, Kemal Gungorduk, Hamit Zafer Guven, Halil Aslan, Özgü Celikkol, Sinem Sudolmus, Yavuz Ceylan. (2009) When should we perform prophylactic antibiotics in elective cesarean cases?. Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics 280:1, 13-18
CrossRef102
Rachel Rosenthal, Walter P. Weber, Marcel Zwahlen, Heidi Misteli, Stefan Reck, Daniel Oertli, Andreas F. Widmer, Walter R. Marti. (2009) Impact of Surgical Training on Incidence of Surgical Site Infection. World Journal of Surgery 33:6, 1165-1173
CrossRef103
O. H. El-Khadrawy, G. Moussa, O. Mansour, M. S. Hashish. (2009) Prophylactic prosthetic reinforcement of midline abdominal incisions in high-risk patients. Hernia 13:3, 267-274
CrossRef104
Kim Strelczyk. (2009) SSIs. Nursing Management (Springhouse) &NA;, 13-14
CrossRef105
John P. Kirby, John E. Mazuski. (2009) Prevention of Surgical Site Infection. Surgical Clinics of North America 89:2, 365-389
CrossRef106
Deverick J. Anderson, Keith S. Kaye. (2009) Staphylococcal Surgical Site Infections. Infectious Disease Clinics of North America 23:1, 53-72
CrossRef107
Matthew F. Reeves, Patricia A. Lohr, Jennifer L. Hayes, Bryna J. Harwood, Mitchell D. Creinin. (2009) Doxycycline serum levels at the time of dilation and evacuation with two dosing regimens. Contraception 79:2, 129-133
CrossRef108
D. Kosutic, V. Uglesic, D. Perkovic, Z. Persic, L. Solman, S. Lupi-Ferandin, P. Knezevic, K. Sokler, G. Knezevic. (2009) Preoperative antiseptics in clean/contaminated maxillofacial and oral surgery: prospective randomized study. International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 38:2, 160-165
CrossRef109
Haynes, Alex B., Weiser, Thomas G., Berry, William R., Lipsitz, Stuart R., Breizat, Abdel-Hadi S., Dellinger, E. Patchen, Herbosa, Teodoro, Joseph, Sudhir, Kibatala, Pascience L., Lapitan, Marie Carmela M., Merry, Alan F., Moorthy, Krishna, Reznick, Richard K., Taylor, Bryce, Gawande, Atul A., . (2009) A Surgical Safety Checklist to Reduce Morbidity and Mortality in a Global Population. New England Journal of Medicine 360:5, 491-499
Full Text110
Leon J. Worth, Ann L. Bull, Sue M. Thorpe, Michael J. Richards. (2009) Meeting national recommendations for surgical site infection surveillance: examples and lessons from the Victorian Healthcare-associated Infection Surveillance System. Healthcare Infection 14:3, 119
CrossRef111
Keiichi KOIDO, Tomoko SHIMADA, Tamae HIRAMATSU. (2009) Japanese Journal of Environmental Infections 24:6, 395-399
CrossRef112
Rebecca E. Fraioli, Jonas T. Johnson. 2009. Postoperative Infection. , 47-54.
CrossRef113
Eun Kyoo Song, Taek Rim Yoon, Sang Jin Park, Kyung Sun Park, Woo Bin Jung. (2009) Protocol for Administration of Prophylactic Antibiotics within One Hour before the Surgical Incision in Total Hip and Knee Replacement. The Journal of the Korean Orthopaedic Association 44:2, 159
CrossRef114
Hiroshi Takahashi, Akihito Wada, Yasuaki Iida, Yuichiro Yokoyama, Susumu Katori, Keiji Hasegawa, Tsuge Shintaro, Toru Suguro. (2009) Antimicrobial prophylaxis for spinal surgery. Journal of Orthopaedic Science 14:1, 40-44
CrossRef115
Cornelia B. Landersdorfer, Jürgen B. Bulitta, Martina Kinzig, Ulrike Holzgrabe, Fritz Sörgel. (2009) Penetration of Antibacterials into Bone. Clinical Pharmacokinetics 48:2, 89-124
CrossRef116
Rosa Levandovski, Maria Beatriz Cardoso Ferreira, Maria Paz Loayza Hidalgo, Cássio Alves Konrath, Daniel Lemons da Silva, Wolnei Caumo. (2008) Impact of preoperative anxiolytic on surgical site infection in patients undergoing abdominal hysterectomy. American Journal of Infection Control 36:10, 718-726
CrossRef117
Francis Kwarteng, Balwant Ahluwalia, Newton G. Osborne. (2008) Antibiotic Prophylaxis in Gynecology. Journal of Gynecologic Surgery 24:4, 175-180
CrossRef118
Luke Reynolds, James Beckmann, Andrea Kurz. (2008) Perioperative complications of hypothermia. Best Practice & Research Clinical Anaesthesiology 22:4, 645-657
CrossRef119
Joshua Trussell, Richard Gerkin, Brian Coates, Jared Brandenberger, Pierre Tibi, Jennifer Keuth, Kerry Montefour, Helen Salisbury, John Ferrara. (2008) Impact of a patient care pathway protocol on surgical site infection rates in cardiothoracic surgery patients. The American Journal of Surgery 196:6, 883-889
CrossRef120
Michael James, Elizabeth A. Martinez. (2008) Antibiotics and perioperative infections. Best Practice & Research Clinical Anaesthesiology 22:3, 571-584
CrossRef121
Shawn S. Forbes, Wesley J. Stephen, William L. Harper, Mark Loeb, Rhonda Smith, Emily P. Christoffersen, Richard F. McLean. (2008) Implementation of Evidence-Based Practices for Surgical Site Infection Prophylaxis: Results of a Pre- and Postintervention Study. Journal of the American College of Surgeons 207:3, 336-341
CrossRef122
Terri J Suffoletta, Heath R Jennings, Jennifer J Oh, Dana Stephens, Kevin L Poe. (2008) Continuous versus Intermittent Infusion of Prophylactic Cefoxitin After Colorectal Surgery: A Pilot Study. Pharmacotherapy 28:9, 1133-1139
CrossRef123
C Spencer Cochran, Yadranko Ducic, Robert J. DeFatta. (2008) Current Concepts in the Postoperative Care of the Rhinoplasty Patient. Southern Medical Journal 101:9, 935-939
CrossRef124
Maged M. Costantine, Mahbubur Rahman, Labib Ghulmiyah, Benjamin D. Byers, Monica Longo, Tony Wen, Gary D.V. Hankins, George R. Saade. (2008) Timing of perioperative antibiotics for cesarean delivery: a metaanalysis. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 199:3, 301.e1-301.e6
CrossRef125
Glenn Whitman, Vincent Cowell, Kristen Parris, Patricia McCullough, Teresa Howard, John Gaughan, Dean Karavite, Madolin Kennedy, John McInerney, Christina Rose. (2008) Prophylactic Antibiotic Use: Hardwiring of Physician Behavior, Not Education, Leads to Compliance. Journal of the American College of Surgeons 207:1, 88-94
CrossRef126
Shingo Yamamoto, Hiroki Shima, Tetsuro Matsumoto. (2008) Controversies in perioperative management and antimicrobial prophylaxis in urologic surgery. International Journal of Urology 15:6, 467-471
CrossRef127
Kevin W Garey, Paresh Amrutkar, Thanh K Dao-Tran, Craig P Frost, Hua Chen, E. James Essien, Layne O Gentry. (2008) Economic Benefit of Appropriate Timing of Vancomycin Prophylaxis in Patients Undergoing Cardiovascular Surgery. Pharmacotherapy 28:6, 699-706
CrossRef128
Mary T. Hawn, Kamal M. Itani, Stephen H. Gray, Catherine C. Vick, William Henderson, Thomas K. Houston. (2008) Association of Timely Administration of Prophylactic Antibiotics for Major Surgical Procedures and Surgical Site Infection. Journal of the American College of Surgeons 206:5, 814-819
CrossRef129
Jeremy Young, Kurt B. Stevenson. (2008) Real-time surveillance and decision support: Optimizing infection control and antimicrobial choices at the point of care. American Journal of Infection Control 36:3, S67-S74
CrossRef130
Murtaza Rizvi, Brian Bille, Paul Holtom, Stephen B. Schnall. (2008) The Role of Prophylactic Antibiotics in Elective Hand Surgery. The Journal of Hand Surgery 33:3, 413-420
CrossRef131
Andrea Kurz. (2008) Thermal care in the perioperative period. Best Practice & Research Clinical Anaesthesiology 22:1, 39-62
CrossRef132
Tommaso Falcone, Mark D. Walters. (2008) Hysterectomy for Benign Disease. Obstetrics & Gynecology 111:3, 753-767
CrossRef133
Paul G. Stumpf. (2008) Practical Solutions to Improve Safety in the Obstetrics/Gynecology Office Setting and in the Operating Room. Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics of North America 35:1, 19-35
CrossRef134
Galit Holzmann‐Pazgal, Diane Hopkins‐Broyles, Angela Recktenwald, Melinda Hohrein, Patricia Kieffer, Charles Huddleston, Sharma Anshuman, Victoria Fraser. (2008) Case‐Control Study of Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgical Site Infections • . Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology 29:1, 76-79
CrossRef135
Corina Ebnother, Beate Tanner, Flavia Schmid, Vittoria La Rocca, Ivo Heinzer, Thomas Bregenzer. (2008) Impact of an Infection Control Program on the Prevalence of Nosocomial Infections at a Tertiary Care Center in Switzerland • . Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology 29:1, 38-43
CrossRef136
ROBERT E. MEASLEY. 2008. Antimicrobial Prophylaxis: Prevention of Postoperative Infections. , 35-50.
CrossRef137
Jonas Marschall, Diane Hopkins‐Broyles, Marilyn Jones, Victoria J. Fraser, David K. Warren. (2007) Case‐Control Study of Surgical Site Infections Associated With Pacemakers and Implantable Cardioverter‐Defibrillators • . Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology 28:11, 1299-1304
CrossRef138
Traci L. Hedrick, Philip W. Smith, Leo M. Gazoni, Robert G. Sawyer. (2007) The Appropriate Use of Antibiotics in Surgery: A Review of Surgical Infections. Current Problems in Surgery 44:10, 635-675
CrossRef139
Eli N. Perencevich, Patricia W. Stone, Sharon B. Wright, Yehuda Carmeli, David N. Fisman, Sara E. Cosgrove. (2007) Raising Standards While Watching the Bottom Line: Making a Business Case for Infection Control • . Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology 28:10, 1121-1133
CrossRef140
I. Willemsen, R. van den Broek, T. Bijsterveldt, P. van Hattum, M. Winters, G. Andriesse, J. Kluytmans. (2007) A standardized protocol for perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis is associated with improvement of timing and reduction of costs. Journal of Hospital Infection 67:2, 156-160
CrossRef141
C.M. Couris, M. Rabilloud, R. Ecochard, M.H. Metzger, E. Caillat-Vallet, A. Savey, J. Fabry, P. Vanhems. (2007) Nine-year downward trends in surgical site infection rate in southeast France (1995–2003). Journal of Hospital Infection 67:2, 127-134
CrossRef142
Denise Henry, Fatima R. Muriel, Priya Hirway. (2007) Sustaining Improvement in Surgical Infection Prevention Measures for Hysterectomy. Journal for Healthcare Quality 29:5, 50-56
CrossRef143
A.P. Pietsch, N. Lindenblatt, E. Klar. (2007) Perioperative Hypothermie. Der Anaesthesist 56:9, 936-939
CrossRef144
Abram H. Burgher, Crawford F. Barnett, Jon B. Obray, W. David Mauck. (2007) Introduction of Infection Control Measures to Reduce Infection Associated With Implantable Pain Therapy Devices. Pain Practice 7:3, 279-284
CrossRef145
JAN KÄLLMAN, ÖRJAN FRIBERG. (2007) Antibiotic prophylaxis in cardiac surgery—general principles. APMIS 115:9, 1012-1015
CrossRef146
N. Deborah Friedman, Daniel J. Sexton, Sarah M. Connelly, Keith S. Kaye. (2007) Risk Factors for Surgical Site Infection Complicating Laminectomy • . Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology 28:9, 1060-1065
CrossRef147
Deverick J. Anderson, Keith S. Kaye. (2007) Skin and Soft Tissue Infections in Older Adults. Clinics in Geriatric Medicine 23:3, 595-613
CrossRef148
Kafai Lai, Eric R. Bohm, Colin Burnell, David R. Hedden. (2007) Presence of Medical Comorbidities in Patients With Infected Primary Hip or Knee Arthroplasties. The Journal of Arthroplasty 22:5, 651-656
CrossRef149
Nada Atef Shebl, Bryony Dean Franklin, Nick Barber. (2007) Clinical decision support systems and antibiotic use. Pharmacy World & Science 29:4, 342-349
CrossRef150
José Manuel Ventura Cerdá, Jesús Nomdedeu Guinot, Manuel Alós Almiñana, Vicente Ángel Yepes, Isabel Pérez Salinas, José Luis Salvador Sanchís. (2007) Dosis única preoperatoria de metronidazol más gentamicina para profilaxis antibiótica en cirugía colorrectal. Medicina Clínica 129:4, 121-126
CrossRef151
S. Brown, G. Kurtsikashvili, J. Alonso-Echanove, M. Ghadua, L. Ahmeteli, T. Bochoidze, M. Shushtakashvili, S. Eremin, E. Tsertsvadze, P. Imnadze, E. O'Rourke. (2007) Prevalence and predictors of surgical site infection in Tbilisi, Republic of Georgia. Journal of Hospital Infection 66:2, 160-166
CrossRef152
Phillip J. Puckridge, Hafees A. Saleem, Thodur M. Vasudevan, Christopher M. Holdaway, David W. Ferrar. (2007) PERIOPERATIVE HIGH-DOSE OXYGEN THERAPY IN VASCULAR SURGERY. ANZ Journal of Surgery 77:6, 433-436
CrossRef153
Giovanni Battista Grossi, Carlo Maiorana, Rocco Alberto Garramone, Andrea Borgonovo, Luca Creminelli, Franco Santoro. (2007) Assessing Postoperative Discomfort After Third Molar Surgery: A Prospective Study. Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 65:5, 901-917
CrossRef154
Scott A. Sullivan, Triz Smith, Eugene Chang, Thomas Hulsey, J. Peter Vandorsten, David Soper. (2007) Administration of cefazolin prior to skin incision is superior to cefazolin at cord clamping in preventing postcesarean infectious morbidity: a randomized, controlled trial. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 196:5, 455.e1-455.e5
CrossRef155
M. E. E. van Kasteren, J. Mannien, A. Ott, B.-J. Kullberg, A. S. de Boer, I. C. Gyssens. (2007) Antibiotic Prophylaxis and the Risk of Surgical Site Infections following Total Hip Arthroplasty: Timely Administration Is the Most Important Factor. Clinical Infectious Diseases 44:7, 921-927
CrossRef156
Richard Engelman, David Shahian, Richard Shemin, T. Sloane Guy, Dale Bratzler, Fred Edwards, Marshall Jacobs, Hiran Fernando, Charles Bridges. (2007) The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Practice Guideline Series: Antibiotic Prophylaxis in Cardiac Surgery, Part II: Antibiotic Choice. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 83:4, 1569-1576
CrossRef157
Dilek Kilic, Canan Agalar, Eylem Ozturk, Emir B. Denkbas, Abdullah Cime, Fatih Agalar. (2007) ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF CEFAZOLIN-IMPREGNATED MESH GRAFTS. ANZ Journal of Surgery 77:4, 256-260
CrossRef158
E. P. Dellinger. (2007) Prophylactic Antibiotics: Administration and Timing before Operation Are More Important than Administration after Operation. Clinical Infectious Diseases 44:7, 928-930
CrossRef159
Samuel M. Brown, Sergey R. Eremin, Sergey A. Shlyapnikov, Elena A. Petrova, Ludmila V. Shirokova, Donald Goldmann, Edward J. O’Rourke. (2007) Prospective Surveillance for Surgical Site Infection in St. Petersburg, Russian Federation • . Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology 28:3, 319-325
CrossRef160
Eva A. Hurst, Roy C. Grekin, Siegrid S. Yu, Isaac M. Neuhaus. (2007) Infectious Complications and Antibiotic Use in Dermatologic Surgery. Seminars in Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery 26:1, 47-53
CrossRef161
Mehran Mehrabi, John M. Allen, Steven M. Roser. (2007) Therapeutic Agents in Perioperative Third Molar Surgical Procedures. Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics of North America 19:1, 69-84
CrossRef162
T. H. Dellit, R. C. Owens, J. E. McGowan, D. N. Gerding, R. A. Weinstein, J. P. Burke, W. C. Huskins, D. L. Paterson, N. O. Fishman, C. F. Carpenter, P. J. Brennan, M. Billeter, T. M. Hooton. (2007) Infectious Diseases Society of America and the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America Guidelines for Developing an Institutional Program to Enhance Antimicrobial Stewardship. Clinical Infectious Diseases 44:2, 159-177
CrossRef163
Frank M.P. van Haren, Norbert Foudraine, Michael Gillham. 2007. Infection and Sepsis. , 510-536.
CrossRef164
Brian M. Parker, J Michael Henderson, Sue Vitagliano, Bala G. Nair, John Petre, Walter G. Maurer, Michael F. Roizen, Monica Weber, Lori DeWitt, Jason Beedlow, Barbara Fahey, Aimee Calvert, Kitty Ribar, Steven Gordon. (2007) Six Sigma Methodology Can Be Used to Improve Adherence for Antibiotic Prophylaxis In Patients Undergoing Noncardiac Surgery. Anesthesia & Analgesia 104:1, 140-146
CrossRef165
Marisa I. Gomez, Silvia I. Acosta‐Gnass, Luisa Mosqueda‐Barboza, Juan A Basualdo. (2006) Reduction in Surgical Antibiotic Prophylaxis Expenditure and the Rate of Surgical Site Infection by Means of a Protocol That Controls the Use of Prophylaxis • . Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology 27:12, 1358-1365
CrossRef166
Judith Mannien, Marjo E. E. van Kasteren, Nico J. Nagelkerke, Inge C. Gyssens, Bart Jan Kullberg, Jan C. Wille, Annette S. de Boer. (2006) Effect of Optimized Antibiotic Prophylaxis on the Incidence of Surgical Site Infection • . Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology 27:12, 1340-1346
CrossRef167
Joanne M. Langley. (2006) Commentary on ‘Antibiotic prophylaxis for surgical introduction of intracranial ventricular shunts’, with response from review author. Evidence-Based Child Health: A Cochrane Review Journal 1:4, 1344-1346
CrossRef168
Gary Kanter, Neil Roy Connelly, Jan Fitzgerald. (2006) A System and Process Redesign to Improve Perioperative Antibiotic Administration. Anesthesia & Analgesia 103:6, 1517-1521
CrossRef169
Mary T. Hawn, Stephen H. Gray, Catherine C. Vick, Kamal M. Itani, Michael J. Bishop, Diana L. Ordin, Thomas K. Houston. (2006) Timely Administration of Prophylactic Antibiotics for Major Surgical Procedures. Journal of the American College of Surgeons 203:6, 803-811
CrossRef170
Ekrem Kaya, Ibrahim Yetim, Adem Dervisoglu, Mustafa Sunbul, Yuksel Bek. (2006) Risk Factors for and Effect of a One-Year Surveillance Program on Surgical Site Infection at a University Hospital in Turkey. Surgical Infections 7:6, 519-526
CrossRef171
J. Fehr, C. Hatz, I. Soka, P. Kibatala, H. Urassa, M. Battegay, Z. Jeffrey, T. Smith, H. Mshinda, R. Frei, A. F. Widmer. (2006) Antimicrobial prophylaxis to prevent surgical site infections in a rural sub-Saharan hospital. Clinical Microbiology and Infection 12:12, 1224-1227
CrossRef172
Alexandra L.B. Webb, Rene L. Flagg, Aaron S. Fink. (2006) Reducing surgical site infections through a multidisciplinary computerized process for preoperative prophylactic antibiotic administration. The American Journal of Surgery 192:5, 663-668
CrossRef173
Talar Tejirian, L. Andrew DiFronzo, Philip I. Haigh. (2006) Antibiotic Prophylaxis for Preventing Wound Infection after Breast Surgery: A Systematic Review and Metaanalysis. Journal of the American College of Surgeons 203:5, 729-734
CrossRef174
Terry J. Hannan, A. Lateef, T.A. Yekeen. (2006) Letters to the Editor. International Journal of Environmental Studies 63:5, 533-536
CrossRef175
Lisa M. Howe, Harry W. Boothe. (2006) Antimicrobial Use in the Surgical Patient. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice 36:5, 1049-1060
CrossRef176
Albert L. Siu, Kenneth S. Boockvar, Joan D. Penrod, R Sean Morrison, Ethan A. Halm, Ann Litke, Stacey B. Silberzweig, Jeanne Teresi, Katja Ocepek-Welikson, Jay Magaziner. (2006) Effect of Inpatient Quality of Care on Functional Outcomes in Patients With Hip Fracture. Medical Care 44:9, 862-869
CrossRef177
John C. Morrison. (2006) Reply. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 195:3, 877-878
CrossRef178
Donald E. Fry. (2006) The Surgical Infection Prevention Project: Processes, Outcomes, and Future Impact. Surgical Infections 7:supplement 3, s-17-s-26
CrossRef179
Noleen J. Bennett, Ann L. Bull, David R. Dunt, Philip L. Russo, Denis W. Spelman, Michael J. Richards. (2006) SURGICAL ANTIBIOTIC PROPHYLAXIS IN SMALLER HOSPITALS. ANZ Journal of Surgery 76:8, 676-678
CrossRef180
Vera S. Antonios, Audra A. Noel, James M. Steckelberg, Walter R. Wilson, Jayawant N. Mandrekar, William S. Harmsen, Larry M. Baddour. (2006) Prosthetic vascular graft infection: A risk factor analysis using a case–control study. Journal of Infection 53:1, 49-55
CrossRef181
M. Széll, S. Hofmann, M. Pietsch, E. Gerhart, C. Wenisch. (2006) Perioperative antibiotische Prophylaxe. Der Orthopäde 35:7, 805-814
CrossRef182
Christiane Ueno, Thomas K. Hunt, Harriet W. Hopf. (2006) Using Physiology to Improve Surgical Wound Outcomes. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 117:SUPPLEMENT, 59S-71S
CrossRef183
A.L. Bull, P.L. Russo, N.D. Friedman, N.J. Bennett, C.J. Boardman, M.J. Richards. (2006) Compliance with surgical antibiotic prophylaxis – reporting from a statewide surveillance programme in Victoria, Australia. Journal of Hospital Infection 63:2, 140-147
CrossRef184
John Morrison. (2006) Reply. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 194:6, 1742-1743
CrossRef185
Anthony D. Caffarelli, Jeff P. Holden, Ellen Jo Baron, Harry J.M. Lemmens, Holly D’Souza, Vincent Yau, Cornelius Olcott, Bruce A. Reitz, D. Craig Miller, Pieter J.A. van der Starre. (2006) Plasma cefazolin levels during cardiovascular surgery: Effects of cardiopulmonary bypass and profound hypothermic circulatory arrest. The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 131:6, 1338-1343
CrossRef186
P. Kujath, R. Bouchard, J. Scheele, H. Esnaashari. (2006) Neues in der perioperativen antibiotischen Prophylaxe. Der Chirurg 77:6, 490-498
CrossRef187
Edith Fleischmann, Friedrich Herbst, Andr?? Kugener, Barbara Kabon, Monika Niedermayr, Daniel I. Sessler, Andrea Kurz. (2006) Mild Hypercapnia Increases Subcutaneous and Colonic Oxygen Tension in Patients Given 80% Inspired Oxygen during Abdominal Surgery. Anesthesiology 104:5, 944-949
CrossRef188
J Michael Fitzmaurice. 2006. Computer-Based Patient Records. , 41-1-41-19.
CrossRef189
Marin H. Kollef. (2006) The Intensive Care Unit as a Research Laboratory: Developing Strategies to Prevent Antimicrobial Resistance. Surgical Infections 7:2, 85-99
CrossRef190
Traci L Hedrick, Melissa M Anastacio, Robert G Sawyer. (2006) Prevention of surgical site infections. Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy 4:2, 223-233
CrossRef191
R David Warters, Peter Szmuk, Evan G. Pivalizza, Ralf E. Gebhard, Jeffrey Katz, Tiberiu Ezri. (2006) The Role of Anesthesiologists in the Selection and Administration of Perioperative Antibiotics: A Survey of the American Association of Clinical Directors. Anesthesia & Analgesia 102:4, 1177-1182
CrossRef192
C. Terzi. (2006) Antimicrobial prophylaxis in clean surgery with special focus on inguinal hernia repair with mesh. Journal of Hospital Infection 62:4, 427-436
CrossRef193
M. Deysine. (2006) Infection control in a hernia clinic: 24 year results of aseptic and antiseptic measure implementation in 4,620 “clean cases”. Hernia 10:1, 25-29
CrossRef194
M. Carlès, S. Gindre, N. Aknouch, B. Goubaux, A. Mousnier, M. Raucoules-Aimé. (2006) Improvement of surgical antibiotic prophylaxis: a prospective evaluation of personalized antibiotic kits. Journal of Hospital Infection 62:3, 372-375
CrossRef195
Hiroshi Imamura, Hiroshi Furukawa, Shohei Iijima, Seichi Sugihara, Toshimasa Tsujinaka, Hideaki Tsukuma, Toshio Shimokawa. (2006) Multicenter phase II study of antimicrobial prophylaxis in low-risk patients undergoing distal gastrectomy for gastric cancer. Gastric Cancer 9:1, 32-35
CrossRef196
Jonathan L. Meakins. (2006) Evidence-Based Surgery. Surgical Clinics of North America 86:1, 1-16
CrossRef197
B. Almirante Gragera, C. Ferrer Barberá. (2006) Infecciones nosocomiales. Medicine - Programa de Formación Médica Continuada Acreditado 9:49, 3204-3210
CrossRef198
Vesna Suljagic, Ljiljana Markovic-Denic. (2006) Surgical-site infections: Epidemiological characteristics. Vojnosanitetski pregled 63:2, 169-176
CrossRef199
Andrej Trampuz, Werner Zimmerli. (2006) Antimicrobial Agents in Orthopaedic Surgery. Drugs 66:8, 1089-1105
CrossRef200
Michael S. Avidan. (2006) Perioperative Bugs, Prions, and Virions. ASA Refresher Courses in Anesthesiology 34:1, 21-29
CrossRef201
R. Wayne Waguespack, Daniel J. Burba, Rustin M. Moore. 2006. Surgical Site Infection and the Use of Antimicrobials. , 70-87.
CrossRef202
Randolph A. Miller, Lemuel R. Waitman, Sutin Chen, S. Trent Rosenbloom. (2005) The anatomy of decision support during inpatient care provider order entry (CPOE): Empirical observations from a decade of CPOE experience at Vanderbilt. Journal of Biomedical Informatics 38:6, 469-485
CrossRef203
Philip S. Barie, Soumitra R. Eachempati. (2005) Surgical Site Infections. Surgical Clinics of North America 85:6, 1115-1135
CrossRef204
Retnosari Andrajati, Jiři Vlček, Milan Kolar, Ráchel Pípalová. (2005) Survey of Surgical Antimicrobial Prophylaxis in Czech Republic. Pharmacy World & Science 27:6, 436-441
CrossRef205
D. L. Stevens, A. L. Bisno, H. F. Chambers, E. D. Everett, P. Dellinger, E. J. C. Goldstein, S. L. Gorbach, J. V. Hirschmann, E. L. Kaplan, J. G. Montoya, J. C. Wade. (2005) Practice Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Skin and Soft-Tissue Infections. Clinical Infectious Diseases 41:10, 1373-1406
CrossRef206
J.M. Amici, A.M. Rogues, A. Lasheras, J.P. Gachie, P. Guillot, C. Beylot, L. Thomas, A. Taieb. (2005) A prospective study of the incidence of complications associated with dermatological surgery. British Journal of Dermatology 153:5, 967-971
CrossRef207
Edith Fleischmann, Rainer Lenhardt, Andrea Kurz, Friedrich Herbst, Béla Fülesdi, Robert Greif, Daniel I Sessler, Ozan Akça. (2005) Nitrous oxide and risk of surgical wound infection: a randomised trial. The Lancet 366:9491, 1101-1107
CrossRef208
Ronald L. Nichols, Robert E. Condon, Philip S. Barie. (2005) Antibiotic Prophylaxis in Surgery—2005 and Beyond. Surgical Infections 6:3, 349-361
CrossRef209
Shunji Morita, Isamu Nishisho, Takashi Nomura, Yukio Fukushima, Takashi Morimoto, Nobuaki Hiraoka, Nobuhiro Shibata. (2005) The Significance of the Intraoperative Repeated Dosing of Antimicrobials for Preventing Surgical Wound Infection in Colorectal Surgery. Surgery Today 35:9, 732-738
CrossRef210
Marin H. Kollef, Scott T. Micek. (2005) Strategies to prevent antimicrobial resistance in the intensive care unit. Critical Care Medicine 33:8, 1845-1853
CrossRef211
Michael J. Messingham, Christopher J. Arpey. (2005) Update on the Use of Antibiotics in Cutaneous Surgery. Dermatologic Surgery 31, 1068-1078
CrossRef212
W. C. Hing, T. T. Yeoh, S. F. Yeoh, R. T. P. Lin, S. C. Li. (2005) An evaluation of antimicrobial prophylaxis in paediatric surgery and its financial implication. Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics 30:4, 371-381
CrossRef213
Stanley L. Pestotnik. (2005) Expert Clinical Decision Support Systems to Enhance Antimicrobial Stewardship Programs: Insights from the Society of Infectious Diseases Pharmacists. Pharmacotherapy 25:8, 1116-1125
CrossRef214
Jeffrey H. Silber, Paul R. Rosenbaum, Martha E. Trudeau, Wei Chen, Xuemei Zhang, Scott A. Lorch, Rachel Rapaport Kelz, Rachel E. Mosher, Orit Even-Shoshan. (2005) Preoperative Antibiotics and Mortality in the Elderly. Annals of Surgery 242:1, 107-114
CrossRef215
Seema Biswas. (2005) Elective Inguinal Hernia Repair with Mesh: Is there a Need for Antibiotic Prophylaxis? — A Review. World Journal of Surgery 29:7, 830-836
CrossRef216
E. Patchen Dellinger, Susan M. Hausmann, Dale W. Bratzler, Rosa M. Johnson, Donna M. Daniel, Kathryn M. Bunt, Greg A. Baumgardner, Jonathan R. Sugarman. (2005) Hospitals collaborate to decrease surgical site infections. The American Journal of Surgery 190:1, 9-15
CrossRef217
Harrison M. Lazarus, Jolene Fox, John P. Burke, James F. Lloyd, Gregory L. Snow, Rajesh R. Mehta, R Scott Evans, Rouett Abouzelof, Carrie Taylor, Mark H. Stevens. (2005) Trauma Patient Hospital-Associated Infections: Risks and Outcomes. The Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care 59:1, 188-194
CrossRef218
Scott M. Eisenkop, Nick M. Spirtos. (2005) Division of pedicles by stapling during cytoreductive surgery for ovarian cancer. Gynecologic Oncology 97:3, 852-857
CrossRef219
Paul St. Jacques, Neal Sanders, Nimesh Patel, Thomas R. Talbot, Jayant K. Deshpande, Michael Higgins. (2005) Improving Timely Surgical Antibiotic Prophylaxis Redosing Administration Using Computerized Record Prompts. Surgical Infections 6:2, 215-221
CrossRef220
(2005) Discussion. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 192:6, 1869-1870
CrossRef221
Bruce R. R. Turnbull, Dick E. Zoutman, Mui Lam. (2005) Evaluation of Hospital and Patient Factors That Influence the Effective Administration of Surgical Antimicrobial Prophylaxis • . Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology 26:5, 478-485
CrossRef222
CAM Schurink, PJF Lucas, IM Hoepelman, MJM Bonten. (2005) Computer-assisted decision support for the diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases in intensive care units. The Lancet Infectious Diseases 5:5, 305-312
CrossRef223
Her-Young Su, Dah-Ching Ding, Da-Chung Chen, Mei-Fen Lu, Jah-Yao Liu, Feng-Yee Chang. (2005) Prospective randomized comparison of single-dose versus 1-day cefazolin for prophylaxis in gynecologic surgery. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica 84:4, 384-389
CrossRef224
Dale W. Bratzler, Peter M. Houck. (2005) Antimicrobial prophylaxis for surgery: An advisory statement from the National Surgical Infection Prevention Project. The American Journal of Surgery 189:4, 395-404
CrossRef225
M V Martin, A N Kanatas, P Hardy. (2005) Antibiotic prophylaxis and third molar surgery. British Dental Journal 198:6, 327-330
CrossRef226
A. Di Filippo, R. Cammelli, A. Novelli, T. Mazzei, F. Tonelli, S. Fallani, M.I. Cassetta, D. Messeri, A.R. De Gaudio. (2005) Intraoperative Positive Fluid Balance Improves Tissue Diffusion of Ceftizoxime. Chemotherapy 51:2-3, 51-56
CrossRef227
Terry P. Clemmer. (2004) Monitoring outcomes with relational databases: Does it improve quality of care?. Journal of Critical Care 19:4, 243-247
CrossRef228
Robert Abouassaly, Drogo K. Montague. (2004) Penile prosthesis coating and the reduction of postoperative infection. Current Urology Reports 5:6, 460-466
CrossRef229
(2004) 8. Prophylactic antibiotics for insertion of peritoneal dialysis catheter. Nephrology 9:S3, S72-S75
CrossRef230
Daniel P Lew, Francis A Waldvogel. (2004) Osteomyelitis. The Lancet 364:9431, 369-379
CrossRef231
W. B. Dale, M. H. Peter, . (2004) Antimicrobial Prophylaxis for Surgery: An Advisory Statement from the National Surgical Infection Prevention Project. Clinical Infectious Diseases 38:12, 1706-1715
CrossRef232
SOJUN KANAMARU, AKITO TERAI, SATOSHI ISHITOYA, YASUHARU KUNISHIMA, HIROYUKI NISHIYAMA, TAKEHIKO SEGAWA, EIJIRO NAKAMURA, HIDEFUMI KINOSHITA, SEIJI MOROI, NORIYUKI ITO, TOSHIYUKI KAMOTO, HIROSHI OKUNO, TOMONORI HABUCHI, KAZUYOSHI SENDA, SATOSHI ICHIYAMA, OSAMU OGAWA, SHINGO YAMAMOTO. (2004) Assessment of a protocol for prophylactic antibiotics to prevent perioperative infection in urological surgery: A preliminary study. International Journal of Urology 11:6, 355-363
CrossRef233
Rebecca Fraioli, Jonas T. Johnson. (2004) Prevention and treatment of postsurgical head and neck infections. Current Infectious Disease Reports 6:3, 172-180
CrossRef234
J. Mark Ryan, Barbara M. Ryan, Tony P. Smith. (2004) Antibiotic Prophylaxis in Interventional Radiology. Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology 15:6, 547-556
CrossRef235
Pierrick Bedouch, Jose Labarere, Emmanuel Chirpaz, Benoit Allenet, Alain Lepape, Magali Fourny, Patricia Pavese, Pierre Girardet, Philippe Merloz, Dominique Saragaglia, Jean Calop, Patrice Francois. (2004) Compliance With Guidelines on Antibiotic Prophylaxis in Total Hip Replacement Surgery: Results of a Retrospective Study of 416 Patients in a Teaching Hospital • . Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology 25:4, 302-307
CrossRef236
Ashley Kable, Robert Gibberd, Allan Spigelman. (2004) Complications after discharge for surgical patients. ANZ Journal of Surgery 74:3, 92-97
CrossRef237
Magnus Grabe. (2004) Controversies in antibiotic prophylaxis in urology. International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents 23, 17-23
CrossRef238
J.-L Quenon, M Eveillard, A Vivien, D Bourderont, A Lepape, M Lathelize, C Jestin. (2004) Evaluation of current practices in surgical antimicrobial prophylaxis in primary total hip prosthesis—a multicentre survey in private and public French hospitals. Journal of Hospital Infection 56:3, 202-207
CrossRef239
Sophia L. Markantonis, Georgia Kostopanagiotou, Dimitris Panidis, Vassilios Smirniotis, Dionisios Voros. (2004) Effects of blood loss and fluid volume replacement on serum and tissue gentamicin concentrations during colorectal surgery. Clinical Therapeutics 26:2, 271-281
CrossRef240
Jane Marjoribanks, Karim A Calis, Vanessa Jordan, Vanessa Jordan. 2004. Antibiotic prophylaxis for elective hysterectomy. .
CrossRef241
Nalini Rao, Dennis Schilling, Janet Rice, Marilyn Ridenour, William Mook, Elizabeth Santa. (2004) Prevention of Postoperative Mediastinitis: A Clinical Process Improvement Model. Journal for Healthcare Quality 26:1, 22-28
CrossRef242
Jacqueline L. Wylie, Ellen Wagenfeld-Heintz. (2004) Development of Relationship-Centered Care. Journal for Healthcare Quality 26:1, 14-45
CrossRef243
Matthew A. Dobzyniak, Jeffrey S. Fischgrund, Steve Hankins, Harry N. Herkowitz. (2003) Single Versus Multiple Dose Antibiotic Prophylaxis in Lumbar Disc Surgery. Spine 28:21, E453-E455
CrossRef244
Salih Hosoglu, Mustafa Sunbul, Serpil Erol, Mustafa Altindis, Rahmet Caylan, Kutbettin Demirdag, Hasan Ucmak, Havva Mendes, Mehmet Faruk Geyik, Huseyin Turgut, Sibel Gundes, Elif Kartal Doyuk, Mustafa Aldemir, Ali ihsan Dokucu. (2003) A National Survey of Surgical Antibiotic Prophylaxis in Turkey • . Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology 24:10, 758-761
CrossRef245
Woong-Sub Park, Joon S. Kim, Young Moon Chae, Seung-Hum Yu, Chang-Yup Kim, Sang-A. Kim, Sang Hyuk Jung. (2003) Does the physician order-entry system increase the revenue of a general hospital?. International Journal of Medical Informatics 71:1, 25-32
CrossRef246
Burke, John P., . (2003) Infection Control — A Problem for Patient Safety. New England Journal of Medicine 348:7, 651-656
Full Text247
Harrison G Weed. (2003) Antimicrobial prophylaxis in the surgical patient. Medical Clinics of North America 87:1, 59-75
CrossRef248
Daniel P. Raymond, Matthew J. Kuehnert, Robert G. Sawyer. (2002) Preventing Antimicrobial-Resistant Bacterial Infections in Surgical Patients. Surgical Infections 3:4, 375-385
CrossRef249
Ansgar O. Aasen, Philip S. Barie, Eugen Faist, Henri R. Ford, Donald E. Fry, Toni Hau. (2002) Panel Discussion: Current Issues in the Prevention and Management of Surgical Site Infection—Part 1. Surgical Infections 3:s1, s1-s7
CrossRef250
Philip S. Barie. (2002) Surgical Site Infections: Epidemiology and Prevention. Surgical Infections 3:s1, s9-s21
CrossRef251
Tae Chong, Robert Sawyer. (2002) Update on the epidemiology and prevention of surgical site infections. Current Infectious Disease Reports 4:6, 484-490
CrossRef252
Vicki S. Crane. 2002. Medication Errors and Adverse Drug Events Prevention. , 533-544.
CrossRef253
Jane M. Geraci. (2002) The Demise of Comparative Provider Complication Rates Derived from ICD-9-CM Code Diagnoses. Medical Care 40:10, 847-850
CrossRef254
Ozan Akça, Anthony G. Doufas, Nobutada Morioka, Steve Iscoe, Joseph Fisher, Daniel I. Sessler. (2002) Hypercapnia Improves Tissue Oxygenation. Anesthesiology 97:4, 801-806
CrossRef255
Fred G. Barker. (2002) Efficacy of Prophylactic Antibiotic Therapy in Spinal Surgery: A Meta-analysis. Neurosurgery 51:2, 391-401
CrossRef256
Judith Seltzer, Kathleen McGrow, Alison Horsman, Denise M. Korniewicz. (2002) Awareness of Surgical Site Infections for Advanced Practice Nurses. AACN Clinical Issues: Advanced Practice in Acute and Critical Care 13:3, 398-409
CrossRef257
R. W. Brown. (2002) Why is quality assurance so difficult? A review of issues in quality assurance over the last decade. Internal Medicine Journal 32:7, 331-337
CrossRef258
KENNETH H. FERGUSON, JENNIFER J. Mc NEIL, ALLEN F. MOREY. (2002) Mechanical and Antibiotic Bowel Preparation for Urinary Diversion Surgery. The Journal of Urology 167:6, 2352-2356
CrossRef259
KARL TAMUSSINO. (2002) Postoperative Infection. Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology 45:2, 562-573
CrossRef260
KENNETH H. FERGUSON, JENNIFER J. M c NEIL, ALLEN F. MOREY. (2002) Mechanical and Antibiotic Bowel Preparation for Urinary Diversion Surgery. The Journal of Urology2352-2356
CrossRef261
James D. Whitehouse, N. Deborah Friedman, Kathryn B. Kirkland, William J. Richardson, Daniel J. Sexton. (2002) The Impact of Surgical‐Site Infections Following Orthopedic Surgery at a Community Hospital and a University Hospital: Adverse Quality of Life, Excess Length of Stay, and Extra Cost • . Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology 23:4, 183-189
CrossRef262
William G. Carnett. (2002) Clinical Practice Guidelines: A Tool To Improve Care. Journal of Nursing Care Quality 16:3, 60-70
CrossRef263
Mark A. Malangoni. (2002) Antimicrobial Prophylaxis Against Wound Infection. Problems in General Surgery 19:1, 20-30
CrossRef264
GJ Hofmeyr, AN Atallah, L Duley, G Justus Hofmeyr. 2002. Calcium supplementation during pregnancy for preventing hypertensive disorders and related problems. .
CrossRef265
F. de Lalla. (2002) Surgical prophylaxis in practice. Journal of Hospital Infection 50, S9-S12
CrossRef266
Carol A. Killian, Eileen M. Graffunder, Timothy J. Vinciguerra, Richard A. Venezia. (2001) Risk Factors for Surgical‐Site Infections Following Cesarean Section • . Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology 22:10, 613-617
CrossRef267
Rebecca L. Lark, Kristi VanderHyde, G. Michael Deeb, Steve Dietrich, Jeffrey P. Massey, Carol Chenoweth. (2001) An Outbreak of Coagulase‐Negative Staphylococcal Surgical‐Site Infections Following Aortic Valve Replacement • . Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology 22:10, 618-623
CrossRef268
Peter A. Gross, Duressa Pujat. (2001) Implementing Practice Guidelines for Appropriate Antimicrobial Usage. Medical Care 39, II-55-II-69
CrossRef269
Dao Nguyen, William Bruce MacLeod, Dac Cam Phung, Quyet Thang Cong, Viet Hung Nguyen, Van Hoa Nguyen, Davidson Howes Hamer. (2001) Incidence and Predictors of Surgical‐Site Infections in Vietnam • . Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology 22:8, 485-492
CrossRef270
B. J. Swanton, G. Iohom, J. H. Wang, H. P. Redmond, G. D. Shorten. (2001) The effect of lidocaine on neutrophil respiratory burst during induction of general anaesthesia and tracheal intubation. European Journal of Anaesthesiology 18:8, 524-529
CrossRef271
Mark A. Malangoni. (2001) Surgical Site Infections: The Cutting Edge. Infectious Diseases in Clinical Practice 10:6, 319-323
CrossRef272
Reiping Tang, Hong Hwa Chen, Yung Liang Wang, Chung Rong Changchien, Jinn-Shiun Chen, Kuan-Cheng Hsu, Jy-Ming Chiang, Jeng-Yi Wang. (2001) Risk Factors For Surgical Site Infection After Elective Resection of the Colon and Rectum: A Single-Center Prospective Study of 2,809 Consecutive Patients. Annals of Surgery 234:2, 181-189
CrossRef273
Abraham Borer, Jacob Gilad, Naftaly Meydan, Klaris Riesenberg, Francisc Schlaeffer, Michael Alkan, Pnina Schlaeffer. (2001) Impact of active monitoring of infection control practices on deep sternal infection after open-heart surgery. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 72:2, 515-520
CrossRef274
Daniel I. Sessler. (2001) Complications and Treatment of Mild Hypothermia. Anesthesiology 95:2, 531-543
CrossRef275
James D. Scott, Alan Forrest, Steve Feuerstein, Paul Fitzpatrick, Jerome J. Schentag. (2001) Factors Associated With Postoperative Infection • . Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology 22:6, 347-351
CrossRef276
Robert G. Sawyer, Daniel P. Raymond, Shawn J. Pelletier, Traves D. Crabtree, Thomas G. Gleason, Timothy L. Pruett. (2001) Implications of 2,457 Consecutive Surgical Infections Entering Year 2000. Annals of Surgery 233:6, 867-874
CrossRef277
A Flores-Maldonado. (2001) Mild Perioperative Hypothermia and the Risk of Wound Infection. Archives of Medical Research 32:3, 227-231
CrossRef278
Sylvain DeLisle, Trish M. Perl. (2001) Antimicrobial management measures to limit resistance: A process-based conceptual framework. Critical Care Medicine 29:Supplement, N121-N127
CrossRef279
Kurt G. Naber, Alfons G. Hofstetter, Peter Brühl, Karl-Horst Bichler, Cordula Lebert. (2001) Guidelines for the perioperative prophylaxis in urological interventions of the urinary and male genital tract. International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents 17:4, 321-326
CrossRef280
Antonio Mendivil Soto, Maria P Mendivil. (2001) The effect of topical povidone–iodine, intraocular vancomycin, or both on aqueous humor cultures at the time of cataract surgery. American Journal of Ophthalmology 131:3, 293-300
CrossRef281
J M Huddleston, K J Whitford. (2001) Medical care of elderly patients with hip fractures.. Mayo Clinic Proceedings 76:3, 295-298
CrossRef282
Inge C. Gyssens. (2001) Quality measures of antimicrobial drug use. International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents 17:1, 9-19
CrossRef283
H. Bob Smouse. (2001) Use of Antibiotics in Interventional Procedures. Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology 12:1, P9-P11
CrossRef284
E.T.M. Smyth, A.M. Emmerson. (2000) Surgical site infection surveillance. Journal of Hospital Infection 45:3, 173-184
CrossRef285
(2000) Supplemental Perioperative Oxygen to Reduce Surgical-Wound Infections. New England Journal of Medicine 342:21, 1613-1614
Full Text286
Philip S. Barie. (2000) Modern Surgical Antibiotic Prophylaxis and Therapy—Less Is More. Surgical Infections 1:1, 23-29
CrossRef287
Greif, Robert, Akça, Ozan, Horn, Ernst-Peter, Kurz, Andrea, Sessler, Daniel I., . (2000) Supplemental Perioperative Oxygen to Reduce the Incidence of Surgical-Wound Infection. New England Journal of Medicine 342:3, 161-167
Full Text288
Deborah A. Kroll, Charles F. Brummitt, Bruce B. Berry. (2000) A Users Group Approach to Quality Improvement Across an Integrated Healthcare Delivery System. Journal for Healthcare Quality 22:1, 39-43
CrossRef289
L Gulácsi, Zs.Tatár Kiss, D.A Goldmann, W.C Huskins. (2000) Risk-adjusted infection rates in surgery: a model for outcome measurement in hospitals developing new quality improvement programmes. Journal of Hospital Infection 44:1, 43-52
CrossRef290
William E. Trick, William E. Scheckler, Jerome I. Tokars, Kevin C. Jones, Mel L. Reppen, Ellen M. Smith, William R. Jarvis. (2000) Modifiable risk factors associated with deep sternal site infection after coronary artery bypass grafting. The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 119:1, 108-114
CrossRef291
D R Osmon. (2000) Antimicrobial prophylaxis in adults.. Mayo Clinic Proceedings 75:1, 98-109
CrossRef292
Samir S. Shah, Ronda L. Sinkowitz-Cochran, Harry L. Keyserling, William R. Jarvis. (1999) Vancomycin use in pediatric neurosurgery patients. American Journal of Infection Control 27:6, 482-487
CrossRef293
Dick Zoutman, Laurence Chau, James Watterson, Thomas Mackenzie, Marina Djurfeldt. (1999) A Canadian Survey of Prophylactic Antibiotic Use Among Hip‐Fracture Patients • . Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology 20:11, 752-755
CrossRef294
Culley C. Carson. (1999) MANAGEMENT OF PROSTHESIS INFECTIONS IN UROLOGIC SURGERY. Urologic Clinics of North America 26:4, 829-839
CrossRef295
Edward S. Wong. (1999) The Price of a Surgical‐Site Infection: More Than Just Excess Length of Stay • . Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology 20:11, 722-724
CrossRef296
Kim A. Eagle, Robert A. Guyton, Ravin Davidoff, Gordon A. Ewy, James Fonger, Timothy J. Gardner, John Parker Gott, Howard C. Herrmann, Robert A. Marlow, William C. Nugent, Gerald T. O’Connor, Thomas A. Orszulak, Richard E. Rieselbach, William L. Winters, Salim Yusuf, Raymond J. Gibbons, Joseph S. Alpert, Kim A. Eagle, Timothy J. Gardner, Arthur Garson, Gabriel Gregoratos, Richard O. Russell, Sidney C. Smith. (1999) ACC/AHA guidelines for coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 34:4, 1262-1347
CrossRef297
Victor Vaisbrud, David Raveh, Yechiel Schlesinger, Amos M. Yinnon. (1999) Surveillance of Antimicrobial Prophylaxis for Surgical Procedures • . Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology 20:9, 610-613
CrossRef298
Marin H. Kollef. (1999) EPIDEMIOLOGY AND RISK FACTORS FOR NOSOCOMIAL PNUEMONIA. Clinics in Chest Medicine 20:3, 653-670
CrossRef299
Vikram C Prabhu, Howard H Kaufman, Joseph L Voelker, Stephen C Aronoff, Magdalena Niewiadomska-Bugaj, Suzy Mascaro, Gerald R Hobbs. (1999) Prophylactic antibiotics with intracranial pressure monitors and external ventricular drains: a review of the evidence. Surgical Neurology 52:3, 226-237
CrossRef300
D.L Callender. (1999) Antibiotic prophylaxis in head and neck oncologic surgery: the role of Gram-negative coverage. International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents 12, S21-S27
CrossRef301
A MORRIS. (1999) COMPUTERIZED PROTOCOLS AND BEDSIDE DECISION SUPPORT. Critical Care Clinics 15:3, 523-545
CrossRef302
Carles Codina, Antoni Trilla, Nuria Riera, Montserrat Tuset, Xavier Carne, Josep Ribas, Miguel‐Angel Asenjo, the Hospital Pharmacy Antimicrobial Group. (1999) Perioperative Antibiotic Prophylaxis in Spanish Hospitals: Results of a Questionnaire Survey • . Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology 20:6, 436-439
CrossRef303
Isabela Heineck, Maria B.C Ferreira, Eloir Paulo Schenkel. (1999) Prescribing practice for antibiotic prophylaxis for 3 commonly performed surgeries in a teaching hospital in Brazil. American Journal of Infection Control 27:3, 296-300
CrossRef304
Reed M. Gardner, T.Allan Pryor, Homer R. Warner. (1999) The HELP hospital information system: update 1998. International Journal of Medical Informatics 54:3, 169-182
CrossRef305
Ona G. Baker. (1999) Outcomes management: Trendy phrase or mandate for survival?. American Journal of Infection Control 27:2, 77-78
CrossRef306
Alicia J. Mangram, Teresa C. Horan, Michele L. Pearson, Leah Christine Silver, William R. Jarvis, The Hospital Infection Control Prac Committee. (1999) Guideline for Prevention of Surgical Site Infection, 1999 • . Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology 20:4, 250-280
CrossRef307
Alicia J. Mangram, Teresa C. Horan, Michele L. Pearson, Leah Christine Silver, William R. Jarvis. (1999) Guideline for Prevention of Surgical Site Infection, 1999. American Journal of Infection Control 27:2, 97-134
CrossRef308
James B. Spies. (1999) Antibiotic Prophylaxis in Interventional Radiology. Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology 10:2, 321-326
CrossRef309
Silvia N. Szente Fonseca, Sonia R. Melon Kunzle, Sheila A. Barbosa Silva, Jorge G. Schmidt, Roberto R. Mele. (1999) Cost Reduction With Successful Implementation of an Antibiotic Prophylaxis Program in a Private Hospital in Ribeirao Preto, Brazil • . Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology 20:1, 77-79
CrossRef310
Maximo Deysine. (1998) PATHOPHYSIOLOGY, PREVENTION, AND MANAGEMENT OF PROSTHETIC INFECTIONS IN HERNIA SURGERY. Surgical Clinics of North America 78:6, 1105-1115
CrossRef311
John A Weigelt, Sebastian Faro. (1998) Antimicrobial therapy for surgical prophylaxis and for intra-abdominal and gynecologic infections. The American Journal of Surgery 176:6, 1S-3S
CrossRef312
Marti Trudeau, Lora Kuhr, Sandra Solano-McGuire. (1998) Timing of preoperative prophylactic antibiotics: Old project and still improving. American Journal of Infection Control 26:6, 581-583
CrossRef313
C. Martin, J.L Pourriat. (1998) Quality of perioperative antibiotic administration by French anaesthetists. Journal of Hospital Infection 40:1, 47-53
CrossRef314
Jerry Goldstone. (1998) The role of quality assurance versus continuous quality improvement. Journal of Vascular Surgery 28:2, 378-380
CrossRef315
Scholz, Luftenegger, Harmuth, Wolf, HOltl. (1998) Single-dose antibiotic prophylaxis in transurethral resection of the prostate: a prospective randomized trial. BJU International 81:6, 827-829
CrossRef316
Caryl E. Carpenter PhD, John M. Cornman, A. Douglas Bender PhD, David B. Nash MD MBA. (1998) Issues of cost and quality: barriers to an informed debate. Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice 4:2, 131-139
CrossRef317
Alex Macario, Michael Horne, Stuart Goodman, Terry Vitez, Franklin Dexter, Rainee Heinen, Byron Brown. (1998) The Effect of a Perioperative Clinical Pathway for Knee Replacement Surgery on Hospital Costs. Anesthesia & Analgesia 86:5, 978-984
CrossRef318
Nigel Morlet, Barrie Gatus, Minas Coroneo. (1998) Patterns of peri-operative prophylaxis for cataract surgery: A survey of Australian ophthalmologists. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Ophthalmology 26:1, 5-12
CrossRef319
C. Ronald MacKenzie, Nigel E. Sharrock. (1998) PERIOPERATIVE MEDICAL CONSIDERATIONS IN PATIENTS WITH RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS. Rheumatic Disease Clinics of North America 24:1, 1-17
CrossRef320
William E. Scheckler, Dennis Brimhall, Alfred S. Buck, Barry M. Farr, Candace Friedman, Richard A. Garibaldi, Peter A. Gross, Jo-Ann Harris, Walter J. Hierholzer, William J. Martone, Linda L. McDonald, Steven L. Solomon. (1998) Requirements for infrastructure and essential activities of infection control and epidemiology in hospitals: A Consensus Panel report. American Journal of Infection Control 26:1, 47-60
CrossRef321
Evans, R. Scott, Pestotnik, Stanley L., Classen, David C., Clemmer, Terry P., Weaver, Lindell K., Orme, James F. Jr., Lloyd, James F., Burke, John P., . (1998) A Computer-Assisted Management Program for Antibiotics and Other Antiinfective Agents. New England Journal of Medicine 338:4, 232-238
Full Text322
Garibaldi, Richard A., . (1998) Computers and the Quality of Care — A Clinician's Perspective. New England Journal of Medicine 338:4, 259-260
Full Text323
Takehiko Ikeda, Farzin Tayefeh, Daniel I Sessler, Andrea Kurz, Olga Plattner, Brigitte Petschnigg, Harriet W Hopf, Judith West. (1998) Local Radiant Heating Increases Subcutaneous Oxygen Tension. The American Journal of Surgery 175:1, 33-37
CrossRef324
Ricardo Espinoza, Aurelio Rodríguez. (1997) TRAUMATIC AND NONTRAUMATIC PERFORATION OF HOLLOW VISCERA. Surgical Clinics of North America 77:6, 1291-1304
CrossRef325
Peter Jewesson, Anthony Chow, Amy Wai, Luciana Frighetto, Donna Nickoloff, John Smith, Linda Schwartz, Kenna Sleigh, Doni Danforth, Michael Pezim, Julius Stoller, Grant Stiver. (1997) A double-blind, randomized study of three antimicrobial regimens in the prevention of infections after elective colorectal surgery. Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease 29:3, 155-165
CrossRef326
S. Vuorisalo, R. Pokela, H. Syrjälä. (1997) Is single-dose antibiotic prophylaxis sufficient for coronary artery bypass surgery? An analysis of peri- and postoperative serum cefuroxime and vancomycin levels. Journal of Hospital Infection 37:3, 237-247
CrossRef327
Thomas K. Hunt, Harriet Williams Hopf. (1997) WOUND HEALING AND WOUND INFECTION. Surgical Clinics of North America 77:3, 587-606
CrossRef328
Karam C. Mounzer, Mark J. DiNubile. (1997) PROPHYLACTIC USE OF ANTIBIOTICS AND VACCINES IN PATIENTS WITH RHEUMATOLOGIC DISORDERS. Rheumatic Disease Clinics of North America 23:2, 259-275
CrossRef329
Lew, Daniel P., Waldvogel, Francis A., . (1997) Osteomyelitis. New England Journal of Medicine 336:14, 999-1007
Full Text330
Ona G. Baker. (1997) Process surveillance: An epidemiologic challenge for all health care organizations. American Journal of Infection Control 25:2, 96-101
CrossRef331
Sherif B Mossad, MD, Janet M Serkey, RN, JD, David L Longworth, MD, Delos M Cosgrove, MD, Steven M Gordon, MD. (1997) Coagulase-Negative Staphylococcal Sternal Wound Infections After Open Heart Operations. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 63:2, 395-401
CrossRef332
Blumenthal, David, . (1996) The Origins of the Quality-of-Care Debate. New England Journal of Medicine 335:15, 1146-1149
Full Text333
Thomas A. Golper, Michael E. Brier, Martin Bunke, Martin J. Schreiber, Donna K. Bartlett, Robert W. Hamilton, Frederic Strife, Richard J. Hamburger. (1996) Risk factors for peritonitis in long-term peritoneal dialysis: The Network 9 peritonitis and catheter survival studies. American Journal of Kidney Diseases 28:3, 428-436
CrossRef334
Alan Silver, Ann Eichorn, John Kral, George Pickett, Philip Barie, Veronica Pryor, Mary Beth Dearie. (1996) Timeliness and use of antibiotic prophylaxis in selected inpatient surgical procedures. The American Journal of Surgery 171:6, 548-552
CrossRef335
Kurz, Andrea, Sessler, Daniel I., Lenhardt, Rainer, . (1996) Perioperative Normothermia to Reduce the Incidence of Surgical-Wound Infection and Shorten Hospitalization. New England Journal of Medicine 334:19, 1209-1216
Full Text336
Christoph Wenisch, Edith Narzt, Daniel I. Sessler, Bernhard Parschalk, Rainer Lenhardt, Andrea Kurz, Wolfgang Graninger. (1996) Mild Intraoperative Hypothermia Reduces Production of Reactive Oxygen Intermediates by Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes. Anesthesia & Analgesia 82:4, 810-816
CrossRef337
A. Reggiori, M. Ravera, E. Cocozza, M. Andreata, F. Mukasa. (1996) Randomized study of antibiotic prophylaxis for general and gynaecological surgery from a single centre in rural Africa. British Journal of Surgery 83:3, 356-359
CrossRef338
Thomas J. Pallasch, Jørgen Slots. (1996) Antibiotic prophylaxis and the medically compromised patient. Periodontology 2000 10:1, 107-138
CrossRef339
Rick Smith, Dan Osterweil, Joseph G. Ouslander. (1996) PERIOPERATIVE CARE IN THE ELDERLY UROLOGIC PATIENT. Urologic Clinics of North America 23:1, 27-41
CrossRef340
Eugene C. Nelson. (1996) Using outcomes measurement to improve quality and value. New Directions for Mental Health Services 1996:3, 111-124
CrossRef341
Eric S. Malden, Daniel Picus, W. Claiborne Dunagan. (1995) Anaerobic Culture Yield in Interventional Radiologic Drainage Procedures
. Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology 6:6, 933-937
CrossRef342
R.P. Wenzel. (1995) The economics of nosocomial infections. Journal of Hospital Infection 31:2, 79-87
CrossRef343
Curtis P. McLaughlin, Arnold D. Kaluzny. (1995) Quality management in health care: Successes and lessons in implementation. Journal of Continuing Education in the Health Professions 15:3, 165-174
CrossRef344
J. Moss. (1995) Muscle relaxants and histamine release. Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica 39, 7-12
CrossRef345
STEVEN W. PETERSEN, EBERHARD ROSIN. (1995) Cephalothin and Cefazolin In Vitro Antibacterial Activity and Pharmacokinetics in Dogs. Veterinary Surgery 24:4, 347-351
CrossRef346
Peter Davey. (1995) Pharmacoeconomics of appropriate antimicrobial use. Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease 22:1-2, 225-229
CrossRef347
Joel Mindel, Michael B. Starr, Joseph M. Lally. (1995) Antimicrobial prophylaxis for ophthalmic surgery. Survey of Ophthalmology 39:6, 485-501
CrossRef348
Annie Wong-Beringer, Robin L. Corelli, Theodore R. Schrock, B. Joseph Guglielmo. (1995) Influence of timing of antibiotic administration on tissue concentrations during surgery. The American Journal of Surgery 169:4, 379-381
CrossRef349
J. M. Badia, R. de la Torre, M. Farré, R. Gaya, F. Martínez-Ródenas, J. J. Sancho, A. Sitges-Serra. (1995) Inadequate levels of metronidazole in subcutaneous fat after standard prophylaxis. British Journal of Surgery 82:4, 479-482
CrossRef350
Berndt E. B. Claesson, Sten Filipsson, Dan E. W. Holmlund. (1995) Dipslide Culture in Colonic Surgery: A Tool for Assessment of Surgical Performance and a Guide to Antibiotic Use. Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases 27:6, 603-611
CrossRef351
Juha-Pekka Kaukonen, Päivi Tuomainen, Jorma Mäkijärvi, Risto Mokka, Pekka T M ännistö. (1995) Intravenous cefuroxime prophylaxis Tissue levels after one 3-gram dose in 40 cases of hip fracture. Acta Orthopaedica 66:1, 14-16
CrossRef352
J. C. M. Santos, J. Batista, M. T. Sirimarco, A. S. Guimarães, C. E. Levy. (1994) Prospective randomized trial of mechanical bowel preparation in patients undergoing elective colorectal surgery. British Journal of Surgery 81:11, 1673-1676
CrossRef353
C. M. Avery, N. V. Jamieson, R. Y. Calne. (1994) Administration of heparin and antibiotic prophylaxis. British Journal of Surgery 81:7, 987-988
CrossRef354
P.P. Youssef, J. R. York. (1994) Septic arthritis: a second decade of experience. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Medicine 24:3, 307-311
CrossRef355
W.R. Klein, M.A. van der Velden, J.M. Ensink. (1994) Single intraoperative administration of antibiotic to cows with caecal torsion: Wound infection and postoperative performance. A retrospective and prospective study. Veterinary Quarterly 16:sup2, 111-113
CrossRef356
CLARK W. SHEFFIELD, DANIEL I. SESSLER, THOMAS K. HUNT. (1994) Mild hypothermia during isoflurane anesthesia decreases resistance to E. coli dermal infection in guinea pigs. Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica 38:3, 201-205
CrossRef357
LINDSAY C. MOLLISON, PAUL V. DESMOND, KEITH A. STOCKMAN, JOHN H. ANDREW, KATRINA WATSON, GIDEON SHAW, KERRY BREEN. (1994) A Prospective study of septic complications of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology 9:1, 55-59
CrossRef358
Pl Bencini, M. Signorini, M. Galimberti, S. Cavicchini, R. Caputo. (1994) Preoperative antibiotic prophylaxis in flexural surgery of difficult contamination-prone areas of the skin: The utility of a single dose of antibiotic. Journal of Dermatological Treatment 5:1, 17-19
CrossRef359
Tero Sisto, Jari Laurikka, Matti R. Tarkka. (1994) Ceftriaxone vs Cefuroxime for Infection Prophylaxis in Coronary Bypass Surgery. Scandinavian Cardiovascular Journal 28:3-4, 143-148
CrossRef360
Richard J. Motley. (1994) Editorial: Wrapping up the problem. Journal of Dermatological Treatment 5:2, 57-58
CrossRef361
Jack J. Curtis, Theresa M. Boley, Joseph T. Walls, Bruce Hamory, Richard A. Schmaltz. (1993) Randomized, prospective comparison of first- and second-generation cephalosporins as infection prophylaxis for cardiac surgery. The American Journal of Surgery 166:6, 734-737
CrossRef362
A.L. Widdison, N.R.J. Pope, E.M. Brown. (1993) Survey of guidelines for antimicrobial prophylaxis in surgery. Journal of Hospital Infection 25:3, 199-205
CrossRef363
R. Janknegt, J. J. H. M. Lohman, J. P. Schepers, J. W. G. Haest, GTh J. Fabius, A. P. Smeets. (1993) Antimicrobial prophylaxis in hysterectomies: A double-blind, randomized, comparative study of a single dose of piperacillin (2 g) versus a single dose of amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (2.2 g). Infection 21:4, 214-219
CrossRef364
R. Engemann. (1993) Einsatzmöglichkeiten von Cephalosporinen der 2. Generation in der perioperativen Antibiotikaprophylaxe in der Chirurgie. Infection 21:S1, S17-S20
CrossRef365
Edwin A. Deitch. (1992) Invited commentary. World Journal of Surgery 16:5, 964-965
CrossRef366
(1992) Antibiotic Prophylaxis and Surgical-Wound Infections. New England Journal of Medicine 327:3, 205-206
Full Text367
Wenzel, Richard P., . (1992) Preoperative Antibiotic Prophylaxis. New England Journal of Medicine 326:5, 337-339
Full Text
- Letters
