Original Article
Differences in the Use of Procedures between Women and Men Hospitalized for Coronary Heart Disease
N Engl J Med 1991; 325:221-225July 25, 1991
- Abstract
Background and Methods.
Previous studies at individual hospitals have reported differences in the use of major diagnostic and therapeutic procedures for women and men with coronary heart disease. To assess whether these differences can be generalized, we performed retrospective analyses of coronary angiography and revascularization (coronary-artery bypass surgery or percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty) in women and men hospitalized for coronary heart disease in 1987, using abstract data on 49,623 discharges in Massachusetts and 33,159 discharges in Maryland. We used multiple logistic regression to estimate the adjusted odds of the use of a procedure, controlling for principal diagnosis, age, secondary diagnosis of congestive heart failure or diabetes mellitus, race, and insurance status.
Results.
The adjusted odds of undergoing angiography were 28 percent and 15 percent higher for men than for women in Massachusetts and Maryland, respectively (95 percent confidence intervals for the odds ratios, 1.22 to 1.35 and 1.08 to 1.22). The respective adjusted odds of undergoing revascularization were 45 percent and 27 percent higher for men than for women (95 percent confidence intervals, 1.35 to 1.55 and 1.16 to 1.40). Because these differences could be related to differing thresholds for hospital admission, we performed a second analysis limited to patients with diagnosed acute myocardial infarction (11,865 discharges in Massachusetts and 6894 discharges in Maryland), a group in which all patients would be expected to receive hospital care. The male-to-female odds ratios in both states remained similar in magnitude and were statistically significant for angiography and revascularization.
Conclusions.
These findings demonstrate that women who are hospitalized for coronary heart disease undergo fewer major diagnostic and therapeutic procedures than men. These differences may represent appropriate levels of care for men and women, but it is also possible that they reflect underuse in women or overuse in men. Further study should assess the cause of these differences and their effect on patients' outcomes. (N Engl J Med 1991; 325:221–5.)
Media in This Article
Table 1
Clinical and Demographic Characteristics of Patients Hospitalized for Coronary Heart Disease.*Table 2
Rates of Coronary Angiography and Male-to-Female Relative Risks after Stratification for Potential Confounding Variables.*Article Activity
- Article
CORONARY heart disease is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States among both men and women. Since 1950, the incidence of coronary heart disease has risen among women while it has declined among men.1 Major advances in diagnosis and treatment have contributed to a decline in overall mortality from coronary heart disease in both sexes over the past 20 years.2 However, some evidence suggests that there are systematic differences between women and men in the application of these major advances. These differences are important, because women may not be undergoing beneficial procedures, or alternatively some men may be undergoing invasive procedures that are not clearly beneficial.
Previous reports of differences in the use of procedures to diagnose or treat coronary heart disease in men and in women have focused on two populations: the general population and patients with presumed coronary heart disease. In the general population, men are four to five times more likely than women to undergo coronary-artery bypass surgery, but these differences may be fully explained by the higher prevalence of coronary heart disease in men.3 , 4 Among patients with presumed coronary heart disease, previous studies have found that women with positive radionuclide exercise tests were referred for coronary angiography much less frequently than men5 and that women were referred for coronary-artery bypass surgery at a more advanced stage of disease than were men, resulting in higher perioperative mortality.6 The first of these two studies was based at three hospitals affiliated with one medical school, and the second at a single hospital, so there is uncertainty about whether these findings can be generalized.
The purpose of this study was to assess whether there are sex-related differences in two states in the use of coronary procedures among all patients hospitalized specifically for coronary heart disease. By focusing on patients with presumed coronary heart disease, our approach minimizes the prevalence-related differences that have limited previous population studies. Moreover, the inclusion of all patients hospitalized in two states yields results that can be generalized beyond individual institutions.
Methods
Data Sources and Patient Population
We performed retrospective analyses for all patients from 30 to 89 years of age who were discharged from nonfederal acute care hospitals in Massachusetts and Maryland during 1987, using abstracted discharge data for both states supplied by the Massachusetts Health Data Consortium. Such patient-specific data are routinely collected by the Massachusetts Rate Setting Commission and the Maryland Health Services Cost Review Commission for all patients admitted to acute care hospitals in the two states. Each agency reviews the accuracy of the data as part of the hospital rate-setting process in its state. The data include the principal diagnosis, secondary diagnoses (up to nine in Massachusetts and up to four in Maryland), major procedures (up to five in Massachusetts and up to three in Maryland), age, sex, race, insurance status, the patient's ZIP Code, and the hospital identification number. Because data covering a period of three months in 1987 were not available for one hospital in Massachusetts, data for the same three months in 1986 were imputed (representing 0.1 percent of the discharges in the Massachusetts cohort).
Using the clinically modified ninth revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-9-CM), we included all patients with principal diagnoses of myocardial infarction (ICD-9-CM codes 410.0 through 410.9), unstable angina (codes 411.1 and 411.8), angina pectoris (codes 413.0 through 413.9), chronic ischemic heart disease (codes 414.0, 414.8, and 414.9), and nonrespiratory chest pain (codes 786.50, 786.51, and 786.59). The principal diagnosis was the condition determined at discharge to have been chiefly responsible for the patient's admission to the hospital.
To avoid including more than one hospital admission for any episode of acute illness, we excluded hospitalizations that resulted in the transfer of the patient to another acute care hospital (6710 discharges in Massachusetts and 2581 discharges in Maryland). For patients with coronary heart disease, these transfers were presumably made to obtain critical care services or procedures that were unavailable at the referring hospital. We also excluded patients whose principal residence was not in Massachusetts or Maryland, as well as those whose sex was not specified in the discharge data (one patient in Massachusetts and seven patients in Maryland).
The study population represented 73.3 percent and 77.3 percent of all patients undergoing inpatient coronary angiography in Massachusetts and Maryland, respectively, and 84.5 percent and 94.7 percent of all patients undergoing coronary-artery bypass surgery or percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. Of the 102 acute care medical hospitals for adults in Massachusetts, 19 offered coronary angiography and 11 provided revascularization procedures. In Maryland, 21 of the 56 such hospitals performed coronary angiography, and 5 had facilities for revascularization.
Data Analysis
Our hypothesis was that men were more likely than women to undergo major coronary procedures when they were hospitalized with known or suspected coronary heart disease, even after adjustment for potential confounders. To test our hypothesis, we estimated male-to-female relative risks in each state for coronary angiography (ICD-9-CM codes 37.22, 37.23, and 88.55 through 88.57) and coronary revascularization with either coronary-artery bypass surgery (codes 36.10 through 36.19) or percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (codes 36.00 to 36.02 and 36.05). By 1987 coronary angioplasty was available in the two states in all but one of the hospitals that offered coronary-artery bypass surgery, and the two procedures were generally accepted as therapeutic alternatives for many patients with clinically important coronary heart disease.
The male-to-female relative risks were stratified according to principal diagnosis, age (30 to 49, 50 to 69, or 70 to 89 years), secondary diagnosis of congestive heart failure (ICD-9-CM codes 398.91, 402.01, 402.11, 402.91, 404.01, 404.03, 404.11, 404.13, 404.91, 404.93, and 428.0 through 428.9), secondary diagnosis of diabetes mellitus (codes 250.0 to 250.91), race (white or nonwhite, defined as including black, Hispanic, Asian, and American Indian), and insurance status (insured or uninsured) to control for potential confounders of the relation between sex and procedure rates. We compared the distribution of these characteristics in men and women with the chi-square test, and we report two-tailed P values for these comparisons.
For each stratum, the male-to-female relative risk of the use of the procedure was evaluated with the chi-square test. Subsequently, multiple logistic-regression models were constructed for each state in order to calculate male-to-female odds ratios for the use of procedures, with simultaneous adjustment for all potential confounders described in the initial stratified analysis. We report 95 percent confidence intervals for all relative risks and odds ratios. Patients with a principal diagnosis of chest pain (representing 9174 discharges in Massachusetts and 5688 in Maryland) were excluded from the revascularization analysis, because these patients were not candidates for coronary-artery bypass surgery or coronary angioplasty without more definitive diagnoses of coronary heart disease.
After developing the logistic-regression models with all diagnoses included, we evaluated the models for the patients whose principal diagnosis was myocardial infarction. Because of all the conditions in our study this condition has the most explicit diagnostic criteria, the procedure rates were unlikely to be confounded by different thresholds for admission. The standard of care in 1987 for patients with acute myocardial infarction generally resulted in hospital stays of at least seven days.7 , 8 In this analysis we excluded patients who were discharged within five days of admission (1046 discharges in Massachusetts and 710 in Maryland) in order to reduce the occurrence of two types of clinical inaccuracy that have been identified in discharge data for patients with acute myocardial infarction.9 First, some patients who were admitted for suspected myocardial infarction but in whom the diagnosis was ruled out may have erroneously been given a diagnosis of myocardial infarction at discharge. Second, in 1987 patients who were readmitted within eight weeks of an acute myocardial infarction — often for elective coronary angiography — could be given a principal diagnosis of myocardial infarction. Both these sources of inaccuracy should be reduced substantially by the exclusion of patients who were discharged after relatively short hospital stays.
Results
We studied data on 49,623 discharges in Massachusetts and 33,159 discharges in Maryland. The cohorts were 42.6 percent and 45.9 percent female in the two states, respectively. Other summary statistics are presented in Table 1Table 1
Clinical and Demographic Characteristics of Patients Hospitalized for Coronary Heart Disease.*. In both states, the women were older than the men, more likely to be nonwhite, more likely to be insured, and more likely to be discharged with a principal diagnosis of unstable angina or chest pain and secondary diagnoses of congestive heart failure and diabetes mellitus. The women were less likely than the men to be discharged with a principal diagnosis of myocardial infarction or chronic ischemic heart disease.The overall rates of coronary angiography in the Massachusetts and Maryland cohorts, respectively, were 27.5 percent and 28.7 percent for men and 16.1 percent and 17.7 percent for women. For coronary revascularization, the respective rates were 15.5 percent and 14.1 percent for men and 7.4 percent and 6.5 percent for women. For all clinical and demographic strata except a principal diagnosis of chest pain, the men in each state were more likely than the women to undergo coronary angiography and revascularization during hospitalization for known or suspected coronary heart disease (Tables 2Table 2
Rates of Coronary Angiography and Male-to-Female Relative Risks after Stratification for Potential Confounding Variables.* and 3Table 3
Rates of Coronary Revascularization and Male-to-Female Relative Risks after Stratification for Potential Confounding Variables.*). All these relative risks represent statistically significant differences, as demonstrated by 95 percent confidence intervals that do not include 1.0, except the risks for angiography among patients with chronic ischemia in Massachusetts and for angiography and revascularization among uninsured patients in both states.Using multiple logistic-regression models to control simultaneously for all the potential clinical and demographic confounders that we analyzed, we found male-to-female odds ratios of 1.28 and 1.15 for angiography in Massachusetts and Maryland, respectively, and odds ratios of 1.45 and 1.27 for revascularization; all ratios were statistically significant (Table 4Table 4
Male-to-Female Odds Ratios for the Use of Coronary Procedures.*). When we evaluated the logistic models only for patients with a principal diagnosis of myocardial infarction (11,865 discharges in Massachusetts and 6894 in Maryland), the odds ratios remained similar in magnitude and statistically significant (Table 4).Discussion
Our results show that men are more likely than women to undergo coronary angiography and revascularization procedures during hospitalization for known or suspected coronary heart disease, even after adjustment for potential clinical and demographic confounding variables. This difference may represent underuse of the procedures in women or overuse in men, or the levels of use could be appropriate for both. At least five factors could account for these sex differences.
First, men may undergo more procedures than women if physicians view coronary heart disease as more severe among men because of their higher incidence of the disease. In the Framingham Heart Study, male-to-female incidence ratios for coronary heart disease ranged from 6.8 in the 35-to-44-year-old age group to 1.1 in the 75-to-84-year-old age group. Once coronary heart disease is clinically manifest, however, the case fatality rate for women exceeds that for men.10 Particularly after a myocardial infarction, women appear to be at increased risk for reinfarction and death; some of this difference may be explained by more advanced age and the severity of disease.11 12 13 14 Coronary angiography after a myocardial infarction reveals similar anatomical findings among women and men.15 Therefore, the prognosis of women hospitalized for coronary heart disease is probably at least as severe as the prognosis of hospitalized men.
Second, the rates at which procedures are performed may be influenced by physicians' perceptions of sex-related differences in risk and efficacy. Early studies of coronary-artery bypass surgery reported higher perioperative mortality for women than men, possibly explained by more technical difficulties and less complete revascularization in women, because their coronary arteries are generally narrower than those of men. Complete relief from symptoms was less common in women than in men, but their long-term survival was equivalent.16 17 18 19 20 Similar findings have been reported for coronary angioplasty.21 Some reports, however, suggest that sex may no longer be an independent predictor of perioperative mortality from coronary-artery bypass surgery, because surgical techniques and perioperative care have improved.6 , 22 , 23 Nonetheless, if physicians continue to view these procedures as more risky or less effective in women than in men, they may recommend angiography and revascularization less readily for women.
A third explanation for the lower procedure rates among women could be higher rates of hospital admission for women with ischemic symptoms in the absence of true coronary heart disease.24 Among patients presenting with chest pain, men are more likely than women to have serious coronary-artery stenoses.25 However, the pattern of procedure use we found among patients with myocardial infarction argues strongly against differences in thresholds for admission as the primary explanation; this diagnosis is well defined and almost always results in an admission when recognized in its acute phase.
Differences in patients' preferences are a fourth possible explanation of our findings. One study noted that women were less likely than men to return to work during the two years after a myocardial infarction; this difference was explained primarily by the women's greater age and their behavioral responses to their illness, not by differences in the severity of illness or functional limitations.26 If women are more willing than men to adapt their lifestyle and use medications to avoid surgery, or if they are more averse to short-term risks, they may decline major procedures more often than men.
Finally, if clinical criteria or patients' preferences do not explain these differences in the use of procedures, the differences may represent a sex bias in the delivery of medical care.5 Such a bias may compromise the clinical outcomes in women who undergo procedures at a later stage of disease,6 or in some men with less severe disease who undergo procedures that offer little or no marginal benefit over more conservative care.
Our findings reflect patterns that may not be limited to coronary procedures. The relative differences that we found are similar in magnitude to the sex differences reported for dialysis and kidney transplantation in patients with end-stage renal disease,27 28 29 30 suggesting the need to understand better how patients' sex influences patterns of medical care.
This study has several limitations. Because the discharge abstracts available to us lacked longitudinal data on inpatient and outpatient care, we could not assess whether the patients underwent procedures before or after the index hospitalizations that we studied. Although we know of no evidence that women are more likely than men to postpone procedures, longitudinal data will be necessary to confirm our findings.
More detailed clinical data will be required to judge the appropriateness of sex differences in procedure rates. Although such differences persist in strata defined by the presence or absence of congestive heart failure and diabetes mellitus, we were unable to control for other clinical factors that influence the use of procedures, such as patients' symptoms, the extent of coronary artery disease as determined by angiography, left ventricular ejection fraction, and exercise tolerance. In one study of patients 65 years of age or older who underwent coronary angiography, no difference was found between women and men with respect to the appropriateness of the procedures performed; however, the converse question of appropriateness in patients who did not undergo angiography was not addressed.31
We believe the consistent differences in rates of coronary procedures according to sex that we found in two states are generalizable, but the overall rates have been lower in the Northeast than elsewhere in the United States.4 Sex differences in the use of procedures may be more or less pronounced in other regions where there is greater overall use.
Our study documents that in two states men who are hospitalized for coronary heart disease are more likely than women to undergo major diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. Thus, women may not have equivalent access to these procedures at a time when the incidence of coronary heart disease among women is increasing. Further study will be necessary to determine whether the differences in rates of procedures reflect appropriate clinical practice or whether the outcomes in women with coronary heart disease are compromised by these differences.
Dr. Ayanian is the recipient of a National Research Service Award from the Agency for Health Care Policy and Research. Supported in part by a grant (1 POl HS 06341) from the Medical Treatment Effectiveness Program of the Agency for Health Care Policy and Research.
We are indebted to Elliot M. Stone and the Massachusetts Health Data Consortium for providing data for this study; to Jennifer A. Brandenburg for assistance with computer programming; and to Jennifer S. Haas, M.D., Anthony L. Komaroff, M.D., Barbara J. McNeil, M.D., Ph.D., Andrew P. Selwyn, M.D., and Joel S. Weissman, Ph.D., for helpful comments on an earlier draft of the manuscript.
Source Information
From the Division of General Medicine (Section on Health Services and Policy Research), Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School; the Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School; and the Department of Health Policy and Management, Harvard School of Public Health; all in Boston. Address reprint requests to Dr. Epstein at the Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St., Parcel B, 1st Floor, Boston, MA 02115.
- References
References
1
Elveback
Web of Science | Medline2
Kannel WB, Thorn TJ. Incidence, prevalence, and mortality of cardiovascular diseases. In: Hurst JW, Schlant RC, Rackley CE, Sonnenblick EH, Wenger NK, eds. The heart, arteries and veins. 7th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill. 1990:627–38.
3
Kennedy
Full Text | Web of Science | Medline4
Gillum
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline5
Tobin
Web of Science | Medline6
Khan
Web of Science | Medline7
Pryor
Web of Science | Medline8
Hlatky
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline9
Iezzoni
Web of Science | Medline10
Lemer
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline11
Toner
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline12
Dittrich
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline13
Fiebach
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline14
Greenland
Web of Science | Medline15
Johansson
Web of Science | Medline16
Douglas
Web of Science17
Fisher
Web of Science | Medline18
Loop
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline19
Adler
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline20
Eaker
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline21
Cowley
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline22
Gardner
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline23
Christakis
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline24
Wenger
Web of Science | Medline25
Chaitman
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline26
Chirikos
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline27
Kjellstrand
CrossRef | Medline28
Kjellstrand
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline29
Brogan
Full Text | Web of Science | Medline30
Held
CrossRef | Web of Science | Medline31
Brook
Full Text | Web of Science | Medline
- Citing Articles (297)
Citing Articles
1
Si-Hyuck Kang, Jung-Won Suh, Chang-Hwan Yoon, Myeong Chan Cho, Young Jo Kim, Shung Chull Chae, Jung Han Yoon, Hyeon-Cheol Gwon, Kyoo-Rok Han, Joo Han Kim, Young-Keun Ahn, Myung-Ho Jeong, Hyo-Soo Kim, Dong-Ju Choi. (2011) Sex Differences in Management and Mortality of Patients With ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (from the Korean Acute Myocardial Infarction National Registry). The American Journal of Cardiology
CrossRef2
U. Mezu, I. Ch, I. Halder, B. London, S. Saba. (2011) Women and minorities are less likely to receive an implantable cardioverter defibrillator for primary prevention of sudden cardiac death. Europace
CrossRef3
Abdulrahman M. El-Sayed, John E. Ziewacz, Matthew C. Davis, Darryl Lau, Hasan K. Siddiqi, Grettel J. Zamora-Berridi, Stephen E. Sullivan. (2011) Insurance Status and Inequalities in Outcomes After Neurosurgery. World Neurosurgery 76:5, 459-466
CrossRef4
M. K. Krzyzanowska, L. Barbera, L. Elit, A. Razzaq, R. Saskin, N. Yeritsyan, A. S. Bierman. (2011) Identifying population-level indicators to measure the quality of cancer care for women. International Journal for Quality in Health Care 23:5, 554-564
CrossRef5
Gesine Grande, Oskar Mittag. (2011) Frauen und Männer in der Rehabilitation – Anforderungen an die Patientenorientierung. Public Health Forum
CrossRef6
Mazen Tawfik, Rania Samir, Nabil Farag. (2011) Outcome of coronary angiography and percutaneous coronary intervention in Egyptian women with chronic stable angina. The Egyptian Heart Journal
CrossRef7
Sónia F. Bernardes, Maria Luísa Lima. (2011) On the contextual nature of sex-related biases in pain judgments: The effects of pain duration, patient’s distress and judge’s sex. European Journal of Pain 15:9, 950-957
CrossRef8
Sónia F. Bernardes, Maria Luísa Lima. (2011) A contextual approach on sex-related biases in pain judgements: The moderator effects of evidence of pathology and patients’ distress cues on nurses’ judgements of chronic low-back pain. Psychology & Health1-17
CrossRef9
Abdullah S. Assiri. (2011) Gender differences in clinical presentation and management of patients with acute coronary syndrome in Southwest of Saudi Arabia. Journal of the Saudi Heart Association 23:3, 135-141
CrossRef10
Maryanne Hartzell, Rajeev Malhotra, Kibar Yared, Hannah R. Rosenfield, Jennifer D. Walker, Malissa J. Wood. (2011) Effect of Gender on Treatment and Outcomes in Severe Aortic Stenosis†Drs. Hartzell and Malhotra contributed equally to this article.. The American Journal of Cardiology 107:11, 1681-1686
CrossRef11
D. Giralt, S. Domingues-Montanari, M. Mendioroz, L. Ortega, O. Maisterra, M. Perea-Gainza, P. Delgado, A. Rosell, J. Montaner. (2011) The gender gap in stroke: a meta-analysis. Acta Neurologica Scandinavicano-no
CrossRef12
Antonella Vezzani, Mario Mergoni, Pierluigi Orlandi, Francesco Corradi, Annalisa Volpi, Michele Zasa. (2011) Gender Differences in Case Mix and Outcome of Critically Ill Patients. Gender Medicine 8:1, 32-39
CrossRef13
Marianne Legato. (2011) What Makes Us Ourselves? Formulating the Answer Is a Work in Progress. Gender Medicine 8:1, 53-55
CrossRef14
Irit Nachtigall, Sascha Tafelski, Andreas Rothbart, Lutz Kaufner, Maren Schmidt, Andrey Tamarkin, Maxim Kartachov, Daniela Zebedies, Tanja Trefzer, Klaus-Dieter Wernecke, Claudia Spies. (2011) Gender-related outcome difference is related to course of sepsis on mixed ICUs: a prospective, observational clinical study. Critical Care 15:3, R151
CrossRef15
Stefan Bösner, Jörg Haasenritter, Maren Hani, Heidi Keller, Andreas C Sönnichsen, Konstantinos Karatolios, Juergen R Schaefer, Erika Baum, Norbert Donner-Banzhoff. (2011) Gender bias revisited: new insights on the differential management of chest pain. BMC Family Practice 12:1, 45
CrossRef16
Borejda Xhyheri, Raffaele Bugiardini. (2010) Diagnosis and Treatment of Heart Disease: Are Women Different From Men?. Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases 53:3, 227-236
CrossRef17
Z. A. Kanafani, S. S. Kanj, C. H. Cabell, E. Cecchi, A. Oliveira Ramos, T. Lejko-Zupanc, P. A. Pappas, H. Giamerellou, D. Gordon, C. Michelet, P. Muñoz, O. Pachirat, G. Peterson, R.-S. Tan, P. Tattevin, V. Thomas, A. Wang, F. Wiesbauer, D. J. Sexton. (2010) Revisiting the effect of referral bias on the clinical spectrum of infective endocarditis in adults. European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases 29:10, 1203-1210
CrossRef18
Catherine Kreatsoulas, Debi Sloane, Janice Pogue, James L. Velianou, Sonia S. Anand. (2010) Referrals in Acute Coronary Events for CARdiac Catheterization: The RACE CAR trial. Canadian Journal of Cardiology 26:8, e290-e296
CrossRef19
Kenzie A. Cameron, Jing Song, Larry M. Manheim, Dorothy D. Dunlop. (2010) Gender Disparities in Health and Healthcare Use Among Older Adults. Journal of Women's Health 19:9, 1643-1650
CrossRef20
Vickie A. Miracle. (2010) Coronary Artery Disease in Women. Dimensions of Critical Care Nursing 29:5, 215-221
CrossRef21
Julian Perelman, Céu Mateus, Ana Fernandes. (2010) Gender equity in treatment for cardiac heart disease in Portugal. Social Science & Medicine 71:1, 25-29
CrossRef22
S.D. Collins, S. Ahmad, R. Waksman. (2010) Percutaneous revascularization in women with coronary artery disease: We've come so far, yet have so far to go. Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases 20:6, 436-444
CrossRef23
Andrea C. Kronman, Karen M. Freund, Amresh Hanchate, Ezekiel J. Emanuel, Arlene S. Ash. (2010) Nursing Home Residence Confounds Gender Differences in Medicare Utilization. Women's Health Issues 20:2, 105-113
CrossRef24
Alaide Chieffo, Angela Hoye, Fina Mauri, Ghada Mikhail, Michelle Ammerer, Cindy Grines, Liliana Grinfeld, Mina Madan, Patrizia Presbitero, Kimberly A. Skelding, Bonnie H. Weiner, Roxana Mehran. (2010) Cuestiones relativas al sexo en cardiología intervencionista: declaración de consenso de la iniciativa Women in Innovations (WIN). Revista Española de Cardiología 63:2, 200-208
CrossRef25
Michael Gochfeld. (2010) Sex-Gender Research Sensitivity and Healthcare Disparities. Journal of Women's Health 19:2, 189-194
CrossRef26
Imad Sheiban, Carlo La Spina, Erika Cavallero, Giuseppe Biondi-Zoccai, Francesco Colombo, Tullio Palmerini, Antonio Marzocchi, Corrado Tamburino, Massimo Margheri, Giuseppe Vecchi, Giuseppe Sangiorgi, Andrea Santarelli, Antonio Bartorelli, Carlo Briguori, Luigi Vignali, Francesco di Pede, Angelo Ramondo, Cecilia Fantoni, Marco de Carlo, Giovanni Falsini, Alberto Benassi, Cataldo Palmieri, Vincenzo Filippone, Diego Sangiorgi, Stefano de Servi. (2010) Sex-related differences in patients undergoing percutaneous unprotected left main stenting. EuroIntervention 5:7, 795-800
CrossRef27
Dimpi Patel, Prasant Mohanty, Luigi Di Biase, Javier E. Sanchez, Mazen H. Shaheen, J. David Burkhardt, Mohammed Bassouni, Jennifer Cummings, Yan Wang, William R. Lewis, Alberto Diaz, Rodney P. Horton, Salwa Beheiry, Richard Hongo, G. Joseph Gallinghouse, Jason D. Zagrodzky, Shane M. Bailey, Amin Al-Ahmad, Paul Wang, Robert A. Schweikert, Andrea Natale. (2010) Outcomes and complications of catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation in females. Heart Rhythm 7:2, 167-172
CrossRef28
Alaide Chieffo, Angela Hoye, Fina Mauri, Ghada W. Mikhail, Michelle Ammerer, Cindy Grines, Liliana Grinfeld, Mina Madan, Patrizia Presbitero, Kimberly A. Skelding, Bonnie H. Weiner, Roxana Mehran, . (2010) Gender-based issues in interventional cardiology: A consensus statement from the Women in Innovations (WIN) Initiative. Catheterization and Cardiovascular Interventions 75:2, 145-152
CrossRef29
Alaide Chieffo, Angela Hoye, Fina Mauri, Ghada Mikhail, Michelle Ammerer, Cindy Grines, Liliana Grinfeld, Mina Madan, Patrizia Presbitero, Kimberly Skelding, Bonnie Weiner, Roxana Mehran. (2010) Gender-based issues in interventional cardiology: a consensus statement from the Women in Innovations (WIN) initiative. EuroIntervention 5:7, 773-779
CrossRef30
Kristy A. Bauman, MeiLan K. Han. 2010. Gender Differences in Susceptibility, Outcomes, and Pathophysiology of Sepsis. , 291-301.
CrossRef31
Sandhya K. Balaram, Justin D. Blasberg. 2010. The Role of Sex and Gender in Cardiothoracic Surgery. , 200-212.
CrossRef32
Oliver Koeth, Ralf Zahn, Tobias Heer, Timm Bauer, Claus Juenger, Bärbel Klein, Anselm Kai Gitt, Jochen Senges, Uwe Zeymer. (2009) Gender differences in patients with acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock. Clinical Research in Cardiology 98:12, 781-786
CrossRef33
A. Hvelplund, S. Galatius, M. Madsen, J. N. Rasmussen, S. Rasmussen, J. K. Madsen, N. P.R. Sand, H.-H. Tilsted, P. Thayssen, E. Sindby, S. Hojbjerg, S. Z. Abildstrom. (2009) Women with acute coronary syndrome are less invasively examined and subsequently less treated than men. European Heart Journal
CrossRef34
Alexandra J. Lansky, Vivian G. Ng, Halil Mutlu, Ecaterina Cristea, Julian Benetato Guiran, Mark Midei, William Newman, Mark Sanz, Poornima Sood, Julie Doostzadeh, Xiaolu Su, Roseann White, Sherry Cao, Krishnankutty Sudhir, Gregg W. Stone. (2009) Gender-based evaluation of the XIENCE V™ everolimus-eluting coronary stent system:. Catheterization and Cardiovascular Interventions 74:5, 719-727
CrossRef35
Robert A Fowler, Woganee Filate, Michael Hartleib, David W Frost, Chris Lazongas, Michelle Hladunewich. (2009) Sex and critical illness. Current Opinion in Critical Care 15:5, 442-449
CrossRef36
Nancy N. Maserejian, Carol L. Link, Karen L. Lutfey, Lisa D. Marceau, John B. McKinlay. (2009) Disparities in Physicians' Interpretations of Heart Disease Symptoms by Patient Gender: Results of a Video Vignette Factorial Experiment. Journal of Women's Health 18:10, 1661-1667
CrossRef37
Waleed M. Sweileh. (2009) Anti-platelet therapy in diabetic hypertensive patients with and without cardiovascular diseases in Palestine, from 2003 to 2008. CVD Prevention and Control 4:3, 157-162
CrossRef38
Gilat L. Grunau, Pamela A. Ratner, Paul M. Galdas, Shahadut Hossain. (2009) Ethnic and gender differences in patient education about heart disease risk and prevention. Patient Education and Counseling 76:2, 181-188
CrossRef39
Stacie L. Daugherty, Pamela N. Peterson, Yongfei Wang, Jeptha P. Curtis, Paul A. Heidenreich, JoAnn Lindenfeld, Humberto J. Vidaillet, Frederick A. Masoudi. (2009) Use of implantable cardioverter defibrillators for primary prevention in the community: Do women and men equally meet trial enrollment criteria?. American Heart Journal 158:2, 224-229
CrossRef40
Liliana Grinfeld, Florencia Rolandi. (2009) Interventions for cardiovascular disease in women. Women's Health 5:4, 437-446
CrossRef41
MOHAMMAD REZA MOVAHED, RADHAKRISHNAN RAMARAJ, M. MAZEN JAMAL, MEHRTASH HASHEMZADEH. (2009) Nationwide Trends in the Utilization of Multivessel Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (MVPCI) in the United States across Different Gender and Ethnicities. Journal of Interventional Cardiology 22:3, 247-251
CrossRef42
Stephanie Wheeler, Jennie D. Bowen, Charles Maynard, Elliot Lowy, Haili Sun, Anne E. Sales, Nicholas L. Smith, Stephan D. Fihn. (2009) Women Veterans and Outcomes after Acute Myocardial Infarction. Journal of Women's Health 18:5, 613-618
CrossRef43
Cornelia M. Borkhoff, Gillian A. Hawker, Hans J. Kreder, Richard H. Glazier, Nizar N. Mahomed, James G. Wright. (2009) Patients' gender affected physicians' clinical decisions when presented with standardized patients but not for matching paper patients. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology 62:5, 527-541
CrossRef44
James Temprano, David M. Mannino. (2009) The effect of sex on asthma control from the National Asthma Survey. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 123:4, 854-860
CrossRef45
A. Martling, F. Granath, B. Cedermark, R. Johansson, T. Holm. (2009) Gender differences in the treatment of rectal cancer: A population based study. European Journal of Surgical Oncology (EJSO) 35:4, 427-433
CrossRef46
Ayman A El-Menyar, Jassim Al Suwaidi. (2009) Impact of gender in patients with acute coronary syndrome. Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy 7:4, 411-421
CrossRef47
Vivian Ho, Meei-Hsiang Ku-Goto, James G. Jollis. (2009) Certificate of Need (CON) for Cardiac Care: Controversy over the Contributions of CON. Health Services Research 44:2p1, 483-500
CrossRef48
Orren Wexler, Scott R. Yoder, Jessica L Elder, Maria L. Mackin, Leway Chen, Lonnie Mixon, Ronald G. Schwartz. (2009) Effect of gender on cardiovascular risk stratification with ECG gated SPECT left ventricular volume indices and ejection fraction. Journal of Nuclear Cardiology 16:1, 28-37
CrossRef49
Harald Tillmanns, Ali Erdogan, Daniel Sedding. (2009) Treatment of Chronic CAD – Do the Guidelines (ESC, AHA) Reflect Daily Practice?. Herz 34:1, 39-54
CrossRef50
Shannon M. Dunlay, Charanjit S. Rihal, Thoralf M. Sundt, Yariv Gerber, Véronique L. Roger. (2009) Current trends in coronary revascularization. Current Treatment Options in Cardiovascular Medicine 11:1, 61-70
CrossRef51
Nausheen Akhter, Sarah Milford-Beland, Matthew T. Roe, Robert N. Piana, John Kao, Adhir Shroff. (2009) Gender differences among patients with acute coronary syndromes undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention in the American College of Cardiology-National Cardiovascular Data Registry (ACC-NCDR). American Heart Journal 157:1, 141-148
CrossRef52
Janis Faye Hutchinson, Richard Sharp. (2008) Karma, reincarnation, and medicine: Hindu perspectives on biomedical research. Genomic Medicine 2:3-4, 107-111
CrossRef53
Gerald T. O'Connor, Elaine M. Olmstead, William C. Nugent, Bruce J. Leavitt, Robert A. Clough, Paul W. Weldner, David C. Charlesworth, Kristine Chaisson, Donato Sisto, Edward R. Nowicki, Richard P. Cochran, David J. Malenka. (2008) Appropriateness of Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery Performed in Northern New England. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 51:24, 2323-2328
CrossRef54
John T. Nguyen, Alan K. Berger, Sue Duval, Russell V. Luepker. (2008) Gender disparity in cardiac procedures and medication use for acute myocardial infarction. American Heart Journal 155:5, 862-868
CrossRef55
Michael A. Crilly, Peter E. Bundred, Lisa C. Leckey, Fiona C. Johnstone. (2008) Gender Bias in the Clinical Management of Women with Angina: Another Look at the Yentl Syndrome. Journal of Women's Health 17:3, 331-342
CrossRef56
Joan J. Ryoo, Clifford Y. Ko. (2008) Minimizing Disparities in Surgical Care: A Research Focus for the Future. World Journal of Surgery 32:4, 516-521
CrossRef57
JAMSHID ALAEDDINI, MARK A. WOOD, MITESH S. AMIN, KENNETH A. ELLENBOGEN. (2008) Gender Disparity in the Use of Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy in the United States. Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology 31:4, 468-472
CrossRef58
Ernesto Oqueli, Leonie Baker, Aaron Carroll, Martin Hiscock, Ronald Dick. (2008) Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Women: In-Hospital Clinical Outcome. Heart, Lung and Circulation 17, S55-S62
CrossRef59
Alice Lichtenstein, Nirupa Matthan. 2007. Cardiovascular Disease. .
CrossRef60
Sonya Borrero, Drahomir Aujesky, Roslyn A. Stone, Ming Geng, Michael J. Fine, Said A. Ibrahim. (2007) Gender Differences in 30-Day Mortality for Patients Hospitalized with Acute Pulmonary Embolism. Journal of Women's Health 16:8, 1165-1170
CrossRef61
Yariv Gerber, Charanjit S. Rihal, Thoralf M. Sundt, Jill M. Killian, Susan A. Weston, Terry M. Therneau, Véronique L. Roger. (2007) Coronary Revascularization in the Community. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 50:13, 1223-1229
CrossRef62
Viktor Y. Dombrovskiy, Andrew A. Martin, Jagadeeshan Sunderram, Harold L. Paz. (2007) Rapid increase in hospitalization and mortality rates for severe sepsis in the United States: A trend analysis from 1993 to 2003*. Critical Care Medicine 35:5, 1244-1250
CrossRef63
Karol E. Watson, Gregg C. Fonarow. (2007) Adherence to best practices: How do patient race and gender affect physician performance?. Current Cardiovascular Risk Reports 1:2, 102-107
CrossRef64
Stefanie Houde, Debbie Ehrmann Feldman, Louise Pilote, Eduard J. Beck, Nadia Giannetti, Marc Frenette, Anique Ducharme. (2007) Are there sex-related differences in specialized, multidisciplinary congestive heart failure clinics?. Canadian Journal of Cardiology 23:6, 451-455
CrossRef65
Jeffrey Lederman, Jennifer Ballard, Valentine Y. Njike, Laurie Margolies, David L. Katz. (2007) Information given to postmenopausal women on coronary computed tomography may influence cardiac risk reduction efforts. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology 60:4, 389-396
CrossRef66
Liliana E. Pezzin, Penelope M. Keyl, Gary B. Green. (2007) Disparities in the Emergency Department Evaluation of Chest Pain Patients. Academic Emergency Medicine 14:2, 149-156
CrossRef67
Nikolaos Dagres, Robby Nieuwlaat, Panos E. Vardas, Dietrich Andresen, Samuel Lévy, Stuart Cobbe, Dimitrios Th. Kremastinos, Günter Breithardt, Dennis V. Cokkinos, Harry J.G.M. Crijns. (2007) Gender-Related Differences in Presentation, Treatment, and Outcome of Patients With Atrial Fibrillation in Europe. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 49:5, 572-577
CrossRef68
Linda S. Garavalia, Carole Decker, Kimberly J. Reid, Judith H. Lichtman, Susmita Parashar, Viola Vaccarino, Harlan M. Krumholz, John A. Spertus. (2007) Does Health Status Differ between Men And Women in Early Recovery after Myocardial Infarction?. Journal of Women's Health 16:1, 93-101
CrossRef69
Leila Fernandes Araujo, Alexandre de Matos Soeiro, Juliano Lara Fernandes, Antônio Eduardo Pesaro, Carlos V Serrano. (2006) Coronary artery disease in women: a review on prevention, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment. Vascular Health and Risk Management 2:4, 465-475
CrossRef70
Jing Song, Rowland W. Chang, Larry M. Manheim, Dorothy D. Dunlop. (2006) Gender Differences across Race/Ethnicity in Use of Health Care among Medicare-Aged Americans. Journal of Women's Health 15:10, 1205-1213
CrossRef71
Jason E. Murasko. (2006) Gender differences in the management of risk factors for cardiovascular disease: The importance of insurance status. Social Science & Medicine 63:7, 1745-1756
CrossRef72
Ute W. Rosa. (2006) Impact of Cultural Competence on Medical Care: Where are we Today?. Clinics in Chest Medicine 27:3, 395-399
CrossRef73
Vickie A. Miracle. (2006) Coronary Artery Disease in Women. Dimensions of Critical Care Nursing 25:5, 209-215
CrossRef74
Joseph R. Betancourt. (2006) Eliminating Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Health Care: What Is the Role of Academic Medicine?. Academic Medicine 81:9, 788-792
CrossRef75
Edward G. Seferian, Bekele Afessa. (2006) Demographic and clinical variation of adult intensive care unit utilization from a geographically defined population. Critical Care Medicine 34:8, 2113-2119
CrossRef76
Shari Munch. (2006) The Women's Health Movement. Social Work in Health Care 43:1, 17-32
CrossRef77
SUDHIR RATHORE, JULIE RHYS, MAURICE B. BUCHALTER, NICK O. GERNING, PETE H. GROVES, WILLIAM PENNY. (2006) Impact of Age on the Outcomes of Women Following Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in the Bare-Metal Stent Era. Journal of Interventional Cardiology 19:3, 245-249
CrossRef78
Amal N. Trivedi, John Z. Ayanian. (2006) Perceived Discrimination and Use of Preventive Health Services. Journal of General Internal Medicine 21:6, 553-558
CrossRef79
Pia Maria Jonsson, Ingrid Schmidt, Vibeke Sparring, Göran Tomson. (2006) Gender equity in health care in Sweden—Minor improvements since the 1990s. Health Policy 77:1, 24-36
CrossRef80
Janet K. Shim, Ann J. Russ, Sharon R. Kaufman. (2006) Risk, life extension and the pursuit of medical possibility. Sociology of Health and Illness 28:4, 479-502
CrossRef81
Paula Braveman. (2006) HEALTH DISPARITIES AND HEALTH EQUITY: Concepts and Measurement. Annual Review of Public Health 27:1, 167-194
CrossRef82
Charles A. Henrikson, Eric E. Howell, David E. Bush, Nisha Chandra-Strobos. (2006) Female sex: a protective role in suspected myocardial ischemia. Coronary Artery Disease 17:2, 153-158
CrossRef83
Chin-Lin Tseng, Usha Sambamoorthi, Mangala Rajan, Anjali Tiwari, Susan Frayne, Patricia Findley, Leonard Pogach. (2006) Are there Gender Differences in Diabetes Care Among Elderly Medicare Enrolled Veterans?. Journal of General Internal Medicine 21:S3, S47-S53
CrossRef84
Sonya Borrero, C. Kent Kwoh, Jennifer Sartorius, Said A. Ibrahim. (2006) BRIEF REPORT: Gender and Total Knee/Hip Arthroplasty Utilization Rate in the VA System. Journal of General Internal Medicine 21:S3, S54-S57
CrossRef85
&NA;. (2006) Influence of Gender on Surgical Outcomes. Survey of Anesthesiology 50:1, 33-34
CrossRef86
Gabrielle R. Chiaramonte, Ronald Friend. (2006) Medical Students' and Residents' Gender Bias in the Diagnosis, Treatment, and Interpretation of Coronary Heart Disease Symptoms.. Health Psychology 25:3, 255-266
CrossRef87
Nekane Murga Eizagaechevarria, Milagros Pedreira Pérez, Pilar Mazón Ramos, Ángeles Alonso García. (2006) Temas de actualidad en cardiología clínica y extrahospitalaria. Un nuevo proyecto: enfermedad cardiovascular en la mujer. Revista Española de Cardiología 59, 99-104
CrossRef88
Sara Arber, John McKinlay, Ann Adams, Lisa Marceau, Carol Link, Amy O’Donnell. (2006) Patient characteristics and inequalities in doctors’ diagnostic and management strategies relating to CHD: A video-simulation experiment. Social Science & Medicine 62:1, 103-115
CrossRef89
Yoshihisa Hirakawa, Yuichiro Masuda, Masafumi Kuzuya, Takaya Kimata, Akihisa Iguchi, Kazumasa Uemura. (2006) Effect of Emergency Percutaneous Coronary Intervention on In-Hospital Mortality of Very Elderly (80+ Years of Age) Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction. International Heart Journal 47:5, 663-669
CrossRef90
GABE B. BLEEKER, MARTIN J. SCHALIJ, ERIC BOERSMA, PAUL STEENDIJK, ERNST E. VAN DER WALL, JEROEN J. BAX. (2005) Does a Gender Difference in Response to Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy Exist?. Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology 28:12, 1271-1275
CrossRef91
Karen B. DeSalvo, Jessica Gregg, Myra Kleinpeter, Bonnie R. Pedersen, Alayna Stepter, John Peabody. (2005) Cardiac Risk Underestimation in Urban, Black Women. Journal of General Internal Medicine 20:12, 1127-1131
CrossRef92
Sonia S. Anand, Chang Chun Xie, Shamir Mehta, Maria Grazia Franzosi, Campbell Joyner, Susan Chrolavicius, Keith A.A. Fox, Salim Yusuf. (2005) Differences in the Management and Prognosis of Women and Men Who Suffer From Acute Coronary Syndromes. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 46:10, 1845-1851
CrossRef93
Patrick W. Corrigan, Amy Kerr, Lissa Knudsen. (2005) The stigma of mental illness: Explanatory models and methods for change. Applied and Preventive Psychology 11:3, 179-190
CrossRef94
Vaccarino, Viola, Rathore, Saif S., Wenger, Nanette K., Frederick, Paul D., Abramson, Jerome L., Barron, Hal V., Manhapra, Ajay, Mallik, Susmita, Krumholz, Harlan M., . (2005) Sex and Racial Differences in the Management of Acute Myocardial Infarction, 1994 through 2002. New England Journal of Medicine 353:7, 671-682
Full Text95
Akram Abuful, Yori Gidron, Yaakov Henkin. (2005) Physicians' attitudes toward preventive therapy for coronary artery disease: Is there a gender bias?. Clinical Cardiology 28:8, 389-393
CrossRef96
Ashish K. Jha, Jonathan B. Perlin, Michael A. Steinman, John W. Peabody, John Z. Ayanian. (2005) Quality of Ambulatory Care for Women and Men in the Veterans Affairs Health Care System. Journal of General Internal Medicine 20:8, 762-765
CrossRef97
I. Nerín. (2005) El tabaquismo en la mujer: una atracción fatal. Archivos de Bronconeumología 41:7, 360-362
CrossRef98
Hilal Maradit Kremers, Megan S. Reinalda, Cynthia S. Crowson, Alan R. Zinsmeister, Gene G. Hunder, Sherine E. Gabriel. (2005) Use of physician services in a population-based cohort of patients with polymyalgia rheumatica over the course of their disease. Arthritis & Rheumatism 53:3, 395-403
CrossRef99
Marc Cohen, Gian Franco Gensini, Frans Maritz, Enrique P. Gurfinkel, Kurt Huber, Ari Timerman, Jose Santopinto, Giancarlo Corsini, Pierfranco Terrosu, Florence Joulain. (2005) The Role of Gender and Other Factors as Predictors of Not Receiving Reperfusion Therapy and of Outcome in ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction. Journal of Thrombosis and Thrombolysis 19:3, 155-161
CrossRef100
Andra L. Blomkalns, Anita Y. Chen, Judith S. Hochman, Eric D. Peterson, Kelly Trynosky, Deborah B. Diercks, Gerard X. Brogan, William E. Boden, Matthew T. Roe, E. Magnus Ohman, W. Brian Gibler, L. Kristin Newby. (2005) Gender disparities in the diagnosis and treatment of non–ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 45:6, 832-837
CrossRef101
Amber A. Guth, Karen Hiotis, Caron Rockman. (2005) Influence of gender on surgical outcomes: Does gender really matter?. Journal of the American College of Surgeons 200:3, 440-455
CrossRef102
Cheryl Brown Travis. (2005) 2004 CAROLYN SHERIF AWARD ADDRESS: HEART DISEASE AND GENDER INEQUITY. Psychology of Women Quarterly 29:1, 15-23
CrossRef103
Stephen D. Persell, Saverio M. Maviglia, David W. Bates, John Z. Ayanian. (2005) Ambulatory Hypercholesterolemia Management in Patients with Atherosclerosis. Gender and Race Differences in Processes and Outcomes. Journal of General Internal Medicine 20:2, 123-130
CrossRef104
Louise Watson, Jorgen Vestbo, Dirkje S Postma, Marc Decramer, Stephen Rennard, Victor A Kiri, Paul A Vermeire, Joan B Soriano. (2004) Gender differences in the management and experience of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Respiratory Medicine 98:12, 1207-1213
CrossRef105
Shari Munch. (2004) Gender-Biased Diagnosing of Women's Medical Complaints: Contributions of Feminist Thought, 1970–1995. Women & Health 40:1, 101-121
CrossRef106
Sofia B. Ahmed, Sherry L. Grace, Henry Thomas Stelfox, George Tomlinson, Angela M. Cheung. (2004) Gender bias in cardiovascular advertisements. Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice 10:4, 531-538
CrossRef107
Susan M. Frayne, Katherine M. Skinner, Hai Lin, Arlene S. Ash, Karen M. Freund. (2004) Effect of Patient Gender on Late-Life Depression Management. Journal of Women's Health 13:8, 919-925
CrossRef108
Brandi J. Witt, Steven J. Jacobsen, Susan A. Weston, Jill M. Killian, Ryan A. Meverden, Thomas G. Allison, Guy S. Reeder, V.éronique L. Roger. (2004) Cardiac rehabilitation after myocardial infarction in the community. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 44:5, 988-996
CrossRef109
ANDREA M. RUSSO, NICHOLAS J. STAMATO, MICHAEL H. LEHMANN, GAIL E. HAFLEY, KERRY L. LEE, KAREN PIEPER, ALFRED E. BUXTON, . (2004) Influence of Gender on Arrhythmia Characteristics and Outcome in the Multicenter UnSustained Tachycardia Trial. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology 15:9, 993-998
CrossRef110
Jeffrey A Morgan, Alan D Weinberg, Karen W Hollingsworth, Margaret R Flannery, Mehmet C Oz, Yoshifumi Naka. (2004) Effect of gender on bridging to transplantation and posttransplantation survival in patients with left ventricular assist devices. The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 127:4, 1193-1195
CrossRef111
Anita B Varkey. (2004) Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in women. Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine 10:2, 98-103
CrossRef112
Marja-Leena Kristofferzon, Rurik Lofmark, Marianne Carlsson. (2003) Myocardial infarction: gender differences in coping and social support. Journal of Advanced Nursing 44:4, 360-374
CrossRef113
Reginald P. Sequeira, Khalid A. Jassim Al Khaja, Awatif H. H. Damanhori, Vijay S. Mathur. (2003) Physician gender and antihypertensive prescription pattern in primary care. Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice 9:4, 409-415
CrossRef114
Arnold M. Epstein, Joel S. Weissman, Eric C. Schneider, Constantine Gatsonis, Lucian L. Leape, Robert N. Piana. (2003) Race and Gender Disparities in Rates of Cardiac Revascularization. Medical Care 41:11, 1240-1255
CrossRef115
Catherine Kim, Timothy P. Hofer, Eve A. Kerr. (2003) Review of Evidence and Explanations for Suboptimal Screening and Treatment of Dyslipidemia in Women. A Conceptual Model. Journal of General Internal Medicine 18:10, 854-863
CrossRef116
Jennifer S Lawton, Stephanie J Brister, Kathleen R Petro, Mercedes Dullum. (2003) Surgical revascularization in women: unique intraoperative factors and considerations. The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 126:4, 936-938
CrossRef117
Nikolaos Dagres, Jonathan R Clague, Günter Breithardt, Martin Borggrefe. (2003) Significant gender-related differences in radiofrequency catheter ablation therapy. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 42:6, 1103-1107
CrossRef118
Andreas Valentin, Barbara Jordan, Thomas Lang, Michael Hiesmayr, Philipp G. H. Metnitz. (2003) Gender-related differences in intensive care: A multiple-center cohort study of therapeutic interventions and outcome in critically ill patients*. Critical Care Medicine 31:7, 1901-1907
CrossRef119
Leslie R. Harrold, Julian Esteban, Darleen Lessard, Jorge Yarzebski, Jerry H. Gurwitz, Joel M. Gore, Robert J. Goldberg. (2003) Narrowing Gender Differences in Procedure Use for Acute Myocardial Infarction. Insights from the Worcester Heart Attack Study. Journal of General Internal Medicine 18:6, 423-431
CrossRef120
Aurora M. Sherman, Sally A. Shumaker, Cynthia Kancler, Beiyao Zheng, David M. Reboussin, Claudine Legault, David M. Herrington. (2003) Baseline Health-Related Quality of Life in Postmenopausal Women with Coronary Heart Disease: The Estrogen Replacement and Atherosclerosis (ERA) Trial. Journal of Women's Health 12:4, 351-362
CrossRef121
Pamela A. Geller, Maria C. Graf, Faith Dyson-Washington. 2003. Women's Health Psychology. .
CrossRef122
Mary Jenson, Jerry Suls, Katherine Lemos. (2003) A Comparison of Physical Activity in Men and Women with Cardiac Disease: Do Gender Roles Complicate Recovery?. Women & Health 37:1, 31-48
CrossRef123
Laura A. Petersen, Sharon-Lise T. Normand, Benjamin G. Druss, Robert A. Rosenheck. (2003) Process of Care and Outcome after Acute Myocardial Infarction for Patients with Mental Illness in the VA Health Care System: Are There Disparities?. Health Services Research 38:1p1, 41-63
CrossRef124
Richard Holubkov, Carl J. Pepine, Cheryl R. Rickens, Nathaniel Reichek, William J. Rogers, Barry L. Sharaf, George Sopko, C. Bairey Noel Merz, Sheryl F. Kelsey, Marian Olson, Karen M. Smith, Steven E. Reis. (2002) Electrocardiogram abnormalities predict angiographic coronary artery disease in women with chest pain: Results from the nhlbi wise study. Clinical Cardiology 25:12, 553-558
CrossRef125
David J Malenka, David E Wennberg, Hebe A Quinton, Daniel J O’Rourke, Paul D McGrath, Samuel J Shubrooks, Gerry T O’Connor, Thomas J Ryan, John F Robb, Mirle A Kellett, William A Bradley, Michael A Hearne, Peter N VerLee, Matthew W Watkins, Bruce D Hettleman, Winthrop D Piper. (2002) Gender-related changes in the practice and outcomes of percutaneous coronary interventions in northern New England from 1994 to 1999. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 40:12, 2092-2101
CrossRef126
Julia Vodopiutz, Sabine Poller, Barbara Schneider, Johanna Lalouschek, Florian Menz, Claudia Stöllberger. (2002) Chest Pain in Hospitalized Patients: Cause-Specific and Gender-Specific Differences. Journal of Women's Health 11:8, 719-727
CrossRef127
Anna Sarkadi, Urban Rosenqvist. (2002) SOCIAL NETWORK AND ROLE DEMANDS IN WOMEN'S TYPE 2 DIABETES: A MODEL. Health Care for Women International 23:6-7, 600-611
CrossRef128
Hilke Brockmann. (2002) Why is less money spent on health care for the elderly than for the rest of the population? Health care rationing in German hospitals. Social Science & Medicine 55:4, 593-608
CrossRef129
Pushkal P. Garg, Mary Beth Landrum, Sharon-Lise T. Normand, John Z. Ayanian, Paul J. Hauptman, Thomas J. Ryan, Barbara J. McNeil, Edward Guadagnoli. (2002) Understanding Individual and Small Area Variation in the Underuse of Coronary Angiography Following Acute Myocardial Infarction. Medical Care 40:7, 614-626
CrossRef130
Christian Mueller, Franz-Josef Neumann, Helmut Roskamm, Peter Buser, John Mc.B Hodgson, Andrè P Perruchoud, Heinz J Buettner. (2002) Women do have an improved long-term outcome after non–ST-elevation acute coronary syndromes treated very early and predominantly with percutaneous coronary intervention. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 40:2, 245-250
CrossRef131
D.A Alter, C.D Naylor, P.C Austin, J.V Tu. (2002) Biology or bias: practice patterns and long-term outcomes for men and women with acute myocardial infarction. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 39:12, 1909-1916
CrossRef132
Jeremy Holtzman, Khal Saleh, Robert Kane. (2002) Gender Differences in Functional Status And Pain in a Medicare Population Undergoing Elective Total Hip Arthroplasty. Medical Care 40:6, 461-470
CrossRef133
G Gorodeski. (2002) Update on cardiovascular disease in post-menopausal women. Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology 16:3, 329-355
CrossRef134
Carmen R. Green, John R.C. Wheeler, Frankie LaPorte, Beverly Marchant, Eloisa Guerrero. (2002) How Well is Chronic Pain Managed? Who Does it Well?. Pain Medicine 3:1, 56-65
CrossRef135
Cynthia Arslanian-Engoren. (2002) Feminist poststructuralism: a methodological paradigm for examining clinical decision-making. Journal of Advanced Nursing 37:6, 512-517
CrossRef136
Anne Peters Harmel. (2002) Considerations for treating dyslipidemia in special diabetic populations. Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews 18:2, 88-95
CrossRef137
Jochanan Benbassat, Reuben Baumal. (2002) A step-wise role playing approach for teaching patient counseling skills to medical students. Patient Education and Counseling 46:2, 147-152
CrossRef138
Barbara Celia. (2002) African Americans' Knowledge of and Attitudes Toward Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery as a Treatment Option. Progress in Cardiovascular Nursing 17:1, 42-46
CrossRef139
Sue V. Rosser. (2002) An overview of women's health in the U.S. since the mid-1960 s. History and Technology 18:4, 355-369
CrossRef140
Charles W. Hogue, Thoralf Sundt, Benico Barzilai, Kenneth B. Schecthman, Victor G. Dávila-Román. (2001) Cardiac and Neurologic Complications Identify Risks for Mortality for Both Men and Women Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery. Anesthesiology 95:5, 1074-1078
CrossRef141
Todd D Miller, Veronique L Roger, David O Hodge, Mona R Hopfenspirger, Kent R Bailey, Raymond J Gibbons. (2001) Gender differences and temporal trends in clinical characteristics, stress test results and use of invasive procedures in patients undergoing evaluation for coronary artery disease. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 38:3, 690-697
CrossRef142
Bruce E. Landon, James Reschovsky, Marie Reed, David Blumenthal. (2001) Personal, Organizational, and Market Level Influences on Physicians’ Practice Patterns: Results of a National Survey of Primary Care Physicians. Medical Care 39:8, 889-905
CrossRef143
Saverio M. Maviglia, Jonathan M. Teich, Julie Fiskio, David W. Bates. (2001) Using an Electronic Medical Record to Identify Opportunities to Improve Compliance with Cholesterol Guidelines. Journal of General Internal Medicine 16:8, 531-537
CrossRef144
Bo Lagerqvist, Kåge Säfström, Elisabeth Ståhle, Lars Wallentin, Eva Swahn. (2001) Is early invasive treatment of unstable coronary artery disease equally effective for both women and men?. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 38:1, 41-48
CrossRef145
Sofia N. Chatziioannou, Warren H. Moore, Ramesh D. Dhekne, Patrick V. Ford. (2001) Women with high exercise tolerance and the role of myocardial perfusion imaging. Clinical Cardiology 24:6, 475-480
CrossRef146
David S. Battleman, Mark Callahan. (2001) Gender Differences in Utilization of Exercise Treadmill Testing: A Claims-Based Analysis. Journal for Healthcare Quality 23:3, 38-41
CrossRef147
Sue Philpott, Petra M Boynton, Gene Feder, Harry Hemingway. (2001) Gender differences in descriptions of angina symptoms and health problems immediately prior to angiography: the ACRE study. Social Science & Medicine 52:10, 1565-1575
CrossRef148
Ralph E. Watson, Aryeh D. Stein, Francesca C. Dwamena, Jill Kroll, Raj Mitra, Barbara A. McIntosh, Peter Vasilenko, Margaret M. Holmes-Rovner, Qin Chen, Joel Kupersmith, . (2001) Do Race and Gender Influence the Use of Invasive Procedures?. Journal of General Internal Medicine 16:4, 227-234
CrossRef149
Thomas Kahan, Per Wandell. (2001) Journal of Cardiovascular Risk 8:2, 73-79
CrossRef150
Carol M. Mangione, Eileen Reynolds. (2001) Disparities in Health and Healthcare: Moving from Describing the Problem to a Call for Action. Journal of General Internal Medicine 16:4, 276-280
CrossRef151
Jack Goodman, Lori Kirwan. (2001) Exercise-Induced Myocardial Ischaemia in Women. Sports Medicine 31:4, 235-247
CrossRef152
Mohammad Zubaid, Wafa A. Rashed, Lukman Thalib, Cheriyil G Suresh. (2001) Differences in Thrombolytic Treatment and In-Hospital Mortality between Women and Men after Acute Myocardial Infarction.. Japanese Heart Journal 42:6, 669-676
CrossRef153
Julie Fleury, Colleen Keller, Carolyn Murdaugh. (2000) Social and Contextual Etiology of Coronary Heart Disease in Women. Journal of Women's Health & Gender-Based Medicine 9:9, 967-978
CrossRef154
Karen Messing, Katherine Lippel, Diane Demers, Donna Mergler. (2000) Equality and Difference in the Workplace: Physical Job Demands, Occupational Illnesses, and Sex Differences. NWSA Journal 12:3, 21-49
CrossRef155
Anita L. Stewart, Anna Nápoles-Springer. (2000) Health-Related Quality-of-Life Assessments in Diverse Population Groups in the United States. Medical Care 38, II-102-II-124
CrossRef156
JEANINE E. ROETERS LENNEP, AEILKO H. ZWINDERMAN, HENK W.O. ROETERS LENNEP, NORBERT M. HEMEL, MARTIN J. SCHALIJ, ERNST E. WALL. (2000) No Gender Differences in Pacemaker Selection in Patients Undergoing Their First Implantation. Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology 23:8, 1232-1238
CrossRef157
Gan, Sandra C., Beaver, Shelli K., Houck, Peter M., MacLehose, Richard F., Lawson, Herschel W., Chan, Leighton, . (2000) Treatment of Acute Myocardial Infarction and 30-Day Mortality among Women and Men. New England Journal of Medicine 343:1, 8-15
Full Text158
Robert J. Goldberg, David Goff, Lawton Cooper, Russell Luepker, Jane Zapka, Vera Bittner, Stavroula Osganian, Darleen Lessard, Carol Cornell, Angela Meshack, Clay Mann, Janice Gilliland, Henry Feldman. (2000) Age and sex differences in presentation of symptoms among patients with acute coronary disease: the REACT trial. Coronary Artery Disease 11:5, 399-407
CrossRef159
Rose Hatala, Susan M. Case. (2000) Examining the Influence of Gender on Medical Students' Decision Making. Journal of Women's Health & Gender-Based Medicine 9:6, 617-623
CrossRef160
Susannah C Daly, Veronique L Roger, Cynthia Leibson, Todd D Miller, Patricia A Pellikka, Kent Bailey, Steven J Jacobsen. (2000) Cardiology services after stress testing. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology 53:7, 661-668
CrossRef161
Ann Bengtson, Thomas Karlsson, Johan Herlitz. (2000) Differences between men and women on the waiting list for coronary revascularization. Journal of Advanced Nursing 31:6, 1361-1367
CrossRef162
T. Barry Levine, Arlene B. Levine, Patricia Kaminski, Robert J. Stomel. (2000) Reversal of Heart Failure Remodeling in Women. Journal of Women's Health & Gender-Based Medicine 9:5, 513-519
CrossRef163
Gail L. Daumit, Judith A. Hermann, Neil R. Powe. (2000) Relation of Gender and Health Insurance to Cardiovascular Procedure Use in Persons With Progression of Chronic Renal Disease. Medical Care 38:4, 354-365
CrossRef164
Marie F. Johnson, Michael Lin, Saurabh Mangalik, Donald J. Murphy, Andrew M. Kramer. (2000) Patients' Perceptions of Physicians' Recommendations for Comfort Care Differ by Patient Age and Gender. Journal of General Internal Medicine 15:4, 248-255
CrossRef165
Jean C. McSweeney, Patricia B. Crane. (2000) Challenging the rules: Women's prodromal and acute symptoms of myocardial infarction. Research in Nursing & Health 23:2, 135-146
CrossRef166
Cannon, Richard O. III, Balaban, Robert S., . (2000) Chest Pain in Women with Normal Coronary Angiograms. New England Journal of Medicine 342:12, 885-887
Full Text167
Prasad K Kilaru, Russell F Kelly, James E Calvin, Joseph E Parrillo. (2000) Utilization of coronary angiography and revascularization after acute myocardial infarction in men and women risk stratified by the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guidelines. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 35:4, 974-979
CrossRef168
Kenneth E. Covinsky, Mary-Margaret Chren, Dwain L. Harper, Lynne E. Way, Gary E. Rosenthal. (2000) Differences in Patient-Reported Processes and Outcomes Between Men and Women with Myocardial Infarction. Journal of General Internal Medicine 15:3, 169-174
CrossRef169
Michelle van Ryn, Jane Burke. (2000) The effect of patient race and socio-economic status on physicians' perceptions of patients. Social Science & Medicine 50:6, 813-828
CrossRef170
Alan Radley, Alyson Grove, Stephen Wright, Herbert Thurston. (2000) Gender-role identity after heart attack: Links with sex and subjective health status. Psychology & Health 15:1, 123-133
CrossRef171
Margarethe Hochleitner. (2000) Coronary Heart Disease: Sexual Bias in Referral for Coronary Angiogram. How Does It Work in a State-Run Health System?. Journal of Women's Health & Gender-Based Medicine 9:1, 29-34
CrossRef172
John Z. Ayanian, Joel S. Weissman, Scott Chasan-Taber, Arnold M. Epstein. (1999) Quality of Care by Race and Gender for Congestive Heart Failure and Pneumonia. Medical Care 37:12, 1260-1269
CrossRef173
Sumit R. Majumdar, Jerry H. Gurwitz, Stephen B. Soumerai. (1999) Undertreatment of Hyperlipidemia in the Secondary Prevention of Coronary Artery Disease. Journal of General Internal Medicine 14:12, 711-717
CrossRef174
Eng-Shiong Tan, Jan van der Meer, Pieter Jan de Kam, Peter H.J.M Dunselman, Barbara J.M Mulder, Carl A.P.L Ascoop, Matthias Pfisterer, Kong I Lie. (1999) Worse clinical outcome but similar graft patency in women versus men one year after coronary artery bypass graft surgery owing to an excess of exposed risk factors in women. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 34:6, 1760-1768
CrossRef175
Joseph P. Frolkis. (1999) SCREENING FOR CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE. Medical Clinics of North America 83:6, 1339-1373
CrossRef176
Vaccarino, Viola, Parsons, Lori, Every, Nathan R., Barron, Hal V., Krumholz, Harlan M., . (1999) Sex-Based Differences in Early Mortality after Myocardial Infarction. New England Journal of Medicine 341:4, 217-225
Full Text177
Shmuel Gottlieb, Valentina Boyko, David Harpaz, Hanoch Hod, Miriam Cohen, Lori Mandelzweig, Zahi Khoury, Shlomo Stern, Solomon Behar. (1999) Long-term (three-year) prognosis of patients treated with reperfusion or conservatively after acute myocardial infarction. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 34:1, 70-82
CrossRef178
Linda A. Lacharity. (1999) The Experiences of Younger Women with Coronary Artery Disease. Journal of Women's Health & Gender-Based Medicine 8:6, 773-785
CrossRef179
Cynthia J. Lisk, Lois Grau. (1999) Perceptions of Women Living with Coronary Heart Disease: A Pilot Investigation. Women & Health 29:1, 31-46
CrossRef180
Jannet F Lewis, Lang Lin, Susan McGorray, Carl J Pepine, Mark Doyle, Daniel Edmundowicz, Richard Holubkov, Gerald Pohost, Nathaniel Reichek, William Rogers, Barry L Sharaf, George Sopko, C.Noel Bairey Merz. (1999) Dobutamine stress echocardiography in women with chest pain. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 33:6, 1462-1468
CrossRef181
Amanda Nicholson, Ian R White, Peter Macfarlane, Eric Brunner, Michael Marmot. (1999) Rose Questionnaire Angina in Younger Men and Women. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology 52:4, 337-346
CrossRef182
Howard S. Gordon, Gary E. Rosenthal. (1999) The Relationship of Gender and In-Hospital Death. Medical Care 37:3, 318-324
CrossRef183
Schulman, Kevin A., Berlin, Jesse A., Harless, William, Kerner, Jon F., Sistrunk, Shyrl, Gersh, Bernard J., Dubé, RossTaleghani, Christopher K., Burke, Jennifer E., Williams, Sankey, Eisenberg, John M., Ayers, William, Escarce, José J., . (1999) The Effect of Race and Sex on Physicians' Recommendations for Cardiac Catheterization. New England Journal of Medicine 340:8, 618-626
Full Text184
Virginia Elderkin-Thompson, Howard Waitzkin. (1999) Differences in Clinical Communication by Gender. Journal of General Internal Medicine 14:2, 112-121
CrossRef185
Adrian Cristian, Kathleen Mandy, Barry Root. (1999) Comparison between men and women admitted to an inpatient rehabilitation unit after cardiac surgery. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 80:2, 183-185
CrossRef186
William A Ghali, Arlene S Ash, Ruth E Hall, Mark A Moskowitz. (1999) Variation in hospital rates of intraaortic balloon pump use in coronary artery bypass operations. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 67:2, 441-445
CrossRef187
Johanna Heikkilä, Marita Paunonen, Vesa Virtanen, Pekka Laippala. (1999) Gender differences in fears related to coronary arteriography. Heart & Lung: The Journal of Acute and Critical Care 28:1, 20-30
CrossRef188
Edward L. Hannan, Michelle van Ryn, Jane Burke, Danice Stone, Dinesh Kumar, Djavad Arani, Walter Pierce, Shahrokh Rafii, Timothy A. Sanborn, Samin Sharma, James Slater, Barbara A. DeBuono. (1999) Access to Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery by Race/Ethnicity and Gender Among Patients Who Are Appropriate for Surgery. Medical Care 37:1, 68-77
CrossRef189
H. Miettinen, V. Salomaa, M. Ketonen, M. Niemela, P. Immonen-Raiha, M. Mahonen. (1999) Trends in the treatment of patients with myocardial infarction and coronary revascularization procedures in Finland during 1986-92: the FINMONICA Myocardial Infarction Register Study. Journal of Internal Medicine 245:1, 107-108
CrossRef190
L. Westin, R. Carlsson, L. Erhardt,. (1999) Differences in Quality of Life in Men and Women with Ischemic Heart Disease: A Prospective Controlled Study. Scandinavian Cardiovascular Journal 33:3, 160-165
CrossRef191
Shelley R. Adler, Sarah A. McGraw, John B. McKinlay. (1998) Patient assertiveness in ethnically diverse older women with breast cancer: Challenging stereotypes of the elderly. Journal of Aging Studies 12:4, 331-350
CrossRef192
W Yip. (1998) Physician response to Medicare fee reductions: changes in the volume of coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgeries in the Medicare and private sectors. Journal of Health Economics 17:6, 675-699
CrossRef193
Daviglus, Martha L., Liu, Kiang, Greenland, Philip, Dyer, Alan R., Garside, Daniel B.Manheim, Larry, Lowe, Lynn P., Rodin, Miriam, Lubitz, James, Stamler, Jeremiah, . (1998) Benefit of a Favorable Cardiovascular Risk-Factor Profile in Middle Age with Respect to Medicare Costs. New England Journal of Medicine 339:16, 1122-1129
Full Text194
Veronique L Roger, Steven J Jacobsen, Patricia A Pellikka, Todd D Miller, Kent R Bailey, Bernard J Gersh. (1998) Gender differences in use of stress testing and coronary heart disease mortality: a population-based study in Olmsted County, Minnesota. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 32:2, 345-352
CrossRef195
Ashish K. Jha, Gilad J. Kuperman, Eve Rittenberg, David W. Bates. (1998) Gender and Utilization of Ancillary Services. Journal of General Internal Medicine 13:7, 476-481
CrossRef196
Marshall H. Chin, Lee Goldman. (1998) Gender Differences in 1-Year Survival and Quality of Life Among Patients Admitted With Congestive Heart Failure. Medical Care 36:7, 1033-1046
CrossRef197
Sandra J. Lewis, Frank M. Sacks, Jayne S. Mitchell, Cara East, Stephen Glasser, Sheren Kell, Rebecca Letterer, Marian Limacher, Lemuel A. Moye, Jean L. Rouleau, Marc A. Pfeffer, Eugene Braunwald. (1998) Effect of pravastatin on cardiovascular events in women after myocardial infarction: the Cholesterol and Recurrent Events (CARE) trial. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 32:1, 140-146
CrossRef198
Mustard, Cameron A., Kaufert, Patricia, Kozyrskyj, Anita, Mayer, Teresa. (1998) Sex Differences in the Use of Health Care Services. New England Journal of Medicine 338:23, 1678-1683
Full Text199
Haas, Jennifer, . (1998) The Cost of Being a Woman. New England Journal of Medicine 338:23, 1694-1695
Full Text200
John B. McKinlay, Risa B. Burns, Henry A. Feldman, Karen M. Freund, Julie T. Irish, Linda E. Kasten, Mark A. Moskowitz, Deborah A. Potter, Kate Woodman. (1998) Physician Variability and Uncertainty in the Management of Breast Cancer. Medical Care 36:3, 385-396
CrossRef201
William H. Frishman, James Catanese, Suzanne Furia-Palazzo, Hiltrud Mueller, Mardi Gomberg-Maitland, Herbert Hirsch, Richard Steingart, Sandra Forman, . (1998) Differences between male and female patients with regard to baseline demographics and clinical outcomes in the asymptomatic cardiac ischemia pilot (acip) trial. Clinical Cardiology 21:3, 184-190
CrossRef202
SOOJA K KIM. (1998) Dietetics Professionals and Women's Health Research at The National Institutes of Health. Journal of the American Dietetic Association 98:2, 133-136
CrossRef203
Amy L. Ai, Christopher Peterson, Ruth E. Dunkle, Daniel G. Saunders, Steven F. Boiling, Henry A. Buchtel. (1998) How Gender Affects Psychological Adjustment One Year After Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery. Women & Health 26:4, 45-65
CrossRef204
Malacrida, Roberto, Genoni, Michele, Maggioni, Aldo Pietro, Spataro, Vito, Parish, Sarah, Palmer, Alison, Collins, Rory, Moccetti, Tiziano, . (1998) A Comparison of the Early Outcome of Acute Myocardial Infarction in Women and Men. New England Journal of Medicine 338:1, 8-14
Full Text205
Judith A. Hsia. (1998) CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES IN WOMEN. Medical Clinics of North America 82:1, 1-19
CrossRef206
KUMARASWAMY NANTHAKUMAR, PAUL DORIAN, MINEY HAM, PATRICK LAM, CHING LAU, SANDRA NISHIMURA, DAVID NEWMAN. (1998) When Pacemakers Fail: An Analysis of Clinical Presentation and Risk in 120 Patients with Failed Devices. Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology 21:1, 87-93
CrossRef207
Wendy E. Bloembergen, Elizabeth A. Mauger, Robert A. Wolfe, Friedrich K. Port. (1997) Association of gender and access to cadaveric renal transplantation. American Journal of Kidney Diseases 30:6, 733-738
CrossRef208
Dana Gelb Safran, William H. Rogers, Alvin R. Tarlov, Colleen A. McHorney, John E. Ware. (1997) Gender differences in medical treatment: The case of physician-prescribed activity restrictions. Social Science & Medicine 45:5, 711-722
CrossRef209
Marianne J. Legato, Emrika Padus, Ed Slaughter. (1997) Women's Perception of Risk of Coronary Artery Disease. Journal of Women's Health 6:4, 477-479
CrossRef210
(1997) Racial Variation in the Use of Coronary-Revascularization Procedures. New England Journal of Medicine 337:2, 131-132
Full Text211
Gary E. Rosenthal, Dwain L. Harper, Amrik Shah, Kenneth E. Covinsky. (1997) A Regional Evaluation of Variation in Low-Severity Hospital Admissions. Journal of General Internal Medicine 12:7, 416-422
CrossRef212
Judith S. Hochman, Carolyn H. McCabe, Peter H. Stone, Richard C. Becker, Christopher P. Cannon, Tia DeFeo-Fraulini, Bruce Thompson, Richard Steingart, Genell Knatterud, Eugene Braunwald. (1997) Outcome and Profile of Women and Men Presenting With Acute Coronary Syndromes: A Report From TIMI IIIB. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 30:1, 141-148
CrossRef213
Boris E Coronado, John L Griffith, Joni R Beshansky, Harry P Selker. (1997) Hospital Mortality in Women and Men With Acute Cardiac Ischemia: A Prospective Multicenter Study. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 29:7, 1490-1496
CrossRef214
Alicia D. Monroe, Sheldon Levy, William McQuade. (1997) Effects of gender on documentation of alcohol use in patients with psychiatric symptoms 1. Substance Abuse 18:2, 79-87
CrossRef215
ELAINE K. MOEN, CRAIG R. ASHER, DAVE P. MILLER, W. DOUGLAS WEAVER, HARVEY D. WHITE, ROBERT M. CALIFF, ERIC J. TOPOL. (1997) Long-Term Follow-Up of Gender-Specific Outcomes After Thrombolytic Therapy for Acute Myocardial Infarction from the GUSTO-I Trial. Journal of Women's Health 6:3, 285-293
CrossRef216
David J. Ramsey, David C. Goff, Mary L. Wear, Darwin R. Labarthe, Milton Z. Nichaman. (1997) Sex and ethnic differences in use of myocardial revascularization procedures in Mexican Americans and non-Hispanic whites: The Corpus Christi Heart Project. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology 50:5, 603-609
CrossRef217
Shirley Johnson-Lans, Fred Bellemore. (1997) Gender and race as factors in health care utilization. International Advances in Economic Research 3:2, 193-205
CrossRef218
Joseph R. Schneider, Julie S. Droste, John F. Golan. (1997) Carotid endarterectomy in women versus men: Patient characteristics and outcomes. Journal of Vascular Surgery 25:5, 890-898
CrossRef219
Debra K. Moser. (1997) Correcting Misconceptions About Women and Heart Disease. American Journal of Nursing 97:4, 26
CrossRef220
Richard O. Cummins, Douglas Chamberlain, Mary Fran Hazinski, Vinay Nadkarni, Walter Kloeck, Efraim Kramer, Lance Becker, Colin Robertson, Rudi Koster, Arno Zaritsky, Leo Bossaert, Joseph P. Ornato, Victor Callanan, Mervyn Allen, Petter Steen, Brian Connolly, Arthur Sanders, Ahamed Idris, Stuart Cobbe. (1997) Recommended guidelines for reviewing, reporting, and conducting research on in-hospital resuscitation: the in-hospital ‘Utstein style’. Resuscitation 34:2, 151-183
CrossRef221
Dolores J. Katz, James C. Stanley, Gerald B. Zelenock. (1997) Gender differences in abdominal aortic aneurysm prevalence, treatment, and outcome. Journal of Vascular Surgery 25:3, 561-568
CrossRef222
Steven M. Wright, Jennifer Daley,, Eric D. Peterson, George E. Thibault. (1997) Outcomes of Acute Myocardial Infarction in the Department of Veterans Affairs. Medical Care 35:2, 128-141
CrossRef223
Lisa I. Iezzoni, Arlene S. Ash, Michael Shwartz, Yevgenia D. Mackiernan. (1997) Differences in Procedure Use, In-Hospital Mortality, and Illness Severity by Gender for Acute Myocardial Infarction Patients. Medical Care 35:2, 158-171
CrossRef224
John B. McKinlay, Risa B. Burns, Richard Durante, Henry A. Feldman, Karen M. Freund, Brooke S. Harrow, Julie T. Irish, Linda E. Kasten, Mark A. Moskowitz. (1997) Patient, physician and presentational influences on clinical decision making for breast cancer: results from a factorial experiment. Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice 3:1, 23-57
CrossRef225
Nicholas H. Benson, Hope Sylvain, Mary Jo Nimmo, Kathleen A. Dunn, Peggy Goodman, Kevin O'Brien. (1997) Influence of demographic variables in prehospital treatment of patients with chest pain. Prehospital Emergency Care 1:1, 19-22
CrossRef226
Amy Sue Bix. (1997) Diseases Chasing Money and Power: Breast Cancer and Aids Activism Challenging Authority. Journal of Policy History 9:01, 5-32
CrossRef227
Scott L. Woodfield, Conor F. Lundergan, Jonathan S. Reiner, Mark A. Thompson, Steven C. Rohrbeck, Yuri Deychak, James O. Smith, Jeffrey R. Burton, William F. McCarthy, Robert M. Califf, Harvey D. White, W.Douglas Weaver, Eric J. Topol, Allan M. Ross. (1997) Gender and Acute Myocardial Infarction: Is There a Different Response to Thrombolysis?. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 29:1, 35-42
CrossRef228
Catherine Ward-Griffin, Jenny Ploeg. (1997) A Feminist Approach to Health Promotion for Older Women. Canadian Journal on Aging / La Revue canadienne du vieillissement 16:02, 279-296
CrossRef229
Patricia P. Katz, Lindsey A. Criswell. (1996) Differences in symptom reports between men and women with rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Care & Research 9:6, 441-448
CrossRef230
Randal J. Thomas, Nancy Houston Miller, Cindy Lamendola, Kathy Berra, Bo Hedb??ck, J. Larry Durstine, William Haskell. (1996) National Survey on Gender Differences in Cardiac Rehabilitation Programs: PATIENT CHARACTERISTICS AND ENROLLMENT PATTERNS. Journal of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation 16:6, 402-412
CrossRef231
Aman M. Amanullah, Hosen Kiat, Rory Hachamovitch, J.Arthur Cabico, John D. Friedman, Daniel S. Berman. (1996) Impact of myocardial perfusion single-photon emission computed tomography on referral to catheterization of the very elderly Is there evidence of gender-related referral bias?. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 28:3, 680-686
CrossRef232
Jaime Latour-Pérez, Teresa Gutiérrez-Vicén, Vicent Lópezcamps, Juan Bonastre-Mora, Jose Salvador Giner-Boix, Manuel Rodríguez-Serra, Luis Rosado-Bretón. (1996) Socioeconomic status and severity of illness on admission in acute myocardial infarction patients. Social Science & Medicine 43:6, 1025-1029
CrossRef233
Cecile M.T.Gijsbers van Wijk, Katja P. van Vliet, Annemarie M. Kolk. (1996) Gender perspectives and quality of care: Towards appropriate and adequate health care for women. Social Science & Medicine 43:5, 707-720
CrossRef234
Peter N. Ruygrok, Peter P. T. de Jaegere, Ron T. van Domburg, Marcel J. van den Brand, Patrick W. Serruys, Pim J. de Feyter. (1996) Women fare no worse than men 10 years after attempted coronary angioplasty. Catheterization and Cardiovascular Diagnosis 39:1, 9-15
CrossRef235
Richard M. Steingart, Anthony Gambino, Mary Ellen Coglianese, Sandra Forman, Genell Knatterud, Vera Bittner, Hiltrud Mueller, William Frishman, Eileen Handberg, C. Richard Conti, . (1996) Factors limiting the enrollment of women in a randomized coronary artery disease trial. Clinical Cardiology 19:8, 614-618
CrossRef236
Paul A. Kurlansky, Malcolm J. Dorman, David L. Galbut, Niberto L. Moreno, Ernest A. Traad, Roger G. Carrillo, Melinda Zucker, Luis Sanchez, George Ebra. (1996) Bilateral internal mammary artery grafting in women: A 21-year experience. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 62:1, 63-69
CrossRef237
John Herlitz, Angela Bångr, Marianne Hartford, Björn W. Karlson. (1996) Influence of gender on survival, mode of death, reinfarction, use of medication, and aspects of well being during a period of five years after onset of acute myocardial infarction. Clinical Cardiology 19:7, 555-561
CrossRef238
Rory Hachamovitch, Daniel S. Berman, Hosen Kiat, C.Noel Bairey Merz, Ishac Cohen, J.Arthur Cabico, John Friedman, Guido Germano, Kenneth F. Van Train, George A. Diamond. (1996) Effective risk stratification using exercise myocardial perfusion SPECT in women: Gender-related differences in prognostic nuclear testing. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 28:1, 34-44
CrossRef239
G. A. Slavich, U. P. Guerra, G. Morocutti, P. M. Fioretti, C. Fresco, C. Orlandi, P. G. Orsolon, T. Forster, G. A. Feruglio. (1996) Feasibility of simultaneous Tc99m sestamibi and 2D-echo cardiac imaging during dobutamine pharmacologic stress. The International Journal of Cardiac Imaging 12:2, 113-118
CrossRef240
Douglas, Pamela S., Ginsburg, Geoffrey S., . (1996) The Evaluation of Chest Pain in Women. New England Journal of Medicine 334:20, 1311-1315
Full Text241
Veronika Brezinka, France Kittel. (1996) Psychosocial factors of coronary heart disease in women: A review. Social Science & Medicine 42:10, 1351-1365
CrossRef242
Paula A. Johnson, Lee Goldman, E. John Orav, Li Zhou, Tomas Garcia, Steven D. Pearson, Thomas H. Lee. (1996) Gender differences in the management of acute chest pain. Journal of General Internal Medicine 11:4, 209-217
CrossRef243
Harald Herholz, David C. Goff, David J. Ramsey, Frances A. Chan, Carmen Ortiz, Darwin R. Labarthe, Milton Z. Nichaman. (1996) Women and mexican Americans receive fewer cardiovascular drugs following myocardial infarction than men and non-hispanic whites: The Corpus Christi Heart Project, 1988–1990. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology 49:3, 279-287
CrossRef244
SUZANNE OPARIL. (1996) Cardiovascular Risk Reduction in Women. Journal of Women's Health 5:1, 23-32
CrossRef245
L Gorkin. (1996) Clinical trial enrollers vs. nonenrollers: The Cardiac Arrhythmia Suppression Trial (CAST) Recruitment and Enrollment Assessment in Clinical Trials (REACT) project. Controlled Clinical Trials 17:1, 46-59
CrossRef246
Bruce A. Bergelson, Carl L. Tommaso. (1996) Gender differences in percutaneous interventional therapy of coronary artery disease. Catheterization and Cardiovascular Diagnosis 37:1, 1-4
CrossRef247
S PAUL, K EAGLE, U GUIDRY, T DISALVO, G VILLARREALLEVY, A CONRADSMITH, C ODONNELL, Z MANJOUB, V MULUK, J NEWELL. (1995) Do gender-based differences in presentation and management influence predictors of hospitalization costs and length of stay after an acute myocardial infarction?*1. The American Journal of Cardiology 76:16, 1122-1125
CrossRef248
Steven J. Borowsky, Richard L. Kravitz, Marianne Laouri, Barbara Leaks, Jennifer Partridge, Vidya Kaushik, L. Julian Haywood, Robert H. Brook. (1995) Effect of physician specialty on use of necessary coronary angiography. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 26:6, 1484-1491
CrossRef249
Rory Hachamovitch, Daniel S. Berman, Hosen Kiat, Noel Bairey-Merz, Ishac Cohen, J. Arthur Cabico, John D. Friedman, Guido Germano, Kenneth F. Van Train, George A. Diamond. (1995) Gender-related differences in clinical management after exercise nuclear testing. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 26:6, 1457-1464
CrossRef250
C. David Naylor. (1995) The case for failed meta-analyses. Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice 1:2, 127-130
CrossRef251
David J. Brandhagen, Alfred M. Pheley, Gerald R. Onstad, Martin L. Freeman, Nicole Lurie. (1995) Omeprazole use at an urban county teaching hospital. Journal of General Internal Medicine 10:9, 513-515
CrossRef252
Joe R. Utley, Edwin F. Wilde, Steven A. Leyland, Marc S. Morgan, Howard D. Johnson. (1995) Intraoperative blood transfusion is a major risk factor for coronary artery bypass grafting in women. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 60:3, 570-575
CrossRef253
Roy M. Poses, Wally R. Smith, Brian P. Schmitt, Donna Alexander-Forti, Randall D. Cebul, Robert S. Wigton. (1995) Do women and men receive different care for sore throats?. Motivation and Emotion 19:3, 193-203
CrossRef254
Antonietta Di Caccavo, Fraser Reid. (1995) Decisional conflict in general practice: Strategies of patient management. Social Science & Medicine 41:3, 347-353
CrossRef255
Michael Belkin, Michael S. Conte, Magruder C. Donaidson, John A. Mannick, Anthony D. Whittemore. (1995) The impact of gender on the results of arterial bypass with in situ greater saphenous vein. The American Journal of Surgery 170:2, 97-102
CrossRef256
Thomas H. Marwick, Terry Anderson, M.John Williams, Brian Haluska, Jacques A. Melin, Fredric Pashkow, James D. Thomas. (1995) Exercise echocardiography is an accurate and cost-efficient technique for detection of coronary artery disease in women. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 26:2, 335-341
CrossRef257
Malcolm R. Bell, Peter B. Berger, David R. Holmes, Charles J. Mullany, Kent R. Bailey, Bernard J. Gersh. (1995) Referral for coronary artery revascularization procedures after diagnostic coronary angiography: Evidence for gender bias?. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 25:7, 1650-1655
CrossRef258
David C. Goff, Milton Z. Nichaman, David J. Ramsey, Pamela S. Meyer, Darwin R. Labarthe. (1995) A population-based assessment of the use and effectiveness of thrombolytic therapy. Annals of Epidemiology 5:3, 171-178
CrossRef259
Ross J. Simpson. (1995) Tell me what ails you, and i'll tell you why it's your fault. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 25:5, 1010-1012
CrossRef260
Kathryn B. Davis, Bernard Chaitman, Thomas Ryan, Vera Bittner, J. Ward Kennedy. (1995) Comparison of 15-year survival for men and women after initial medical or surgical treatment for coronary artery disease: A CASS registry study. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 25:5, 1000-1009
CrossRef261
PATTI BAZEL GEIL, JAMES W ANDERSON, NANCY J GUSTAFSON. (1995) Women and Men with Hypercholesterolemia Respond Similarly to an American Heart Association Step 1 Diet. Journal of the American Dietetic Association 95:4, 436-441
CrossRef262
Antoni Martinez-Rubio, Martin Borggrefe, Mohammad Shenasa, Xu Chen, Thomas Wichter, Thomas Fetsch, Lurz Reinhardt, Günter Breithardt. (1995) Are there gender differences in patients with coronary artery disease presenting with spontaneous sustained ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation?. Clinical Cardiology 18:3, 161-166
CrossRef263
Laura Newell-Morris. (1995) Thoughts on gender-related research: Models, myths, and medicine. American Journal of Human Biology 7:2, 207-212
CrossRef264
Susan J. Elliott. (1995) Psychosocial stress, women and heart health: A critical review. Social Science & Medicine 40:1, 105-115
CrossRef265
Kate M. Brett, Jennifer H. Madans. (1995) Long-term survival after coronary heart disease comparisons between men and women in a national sample. Annals of Epidemiology 5:1, 25-32
CrossRef266
JUDITH H. LaROSA. (1994) Office of Research on Women's Health: National Institutes of Health and the Women's Health Agenda. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 736:1 Forging a Wom, 196-204
CrossRef267
Sherine E. Gabriel, Doris E. Wenger, Duane M. Ilstrup, David G. Lewallen, L. Joseph Melton. (1994) Lack of evidence for gender bias in the utilization of total HIP arthroplasty among olmsted county, minnesota residents with osteoarthritis. Arthritis & Rheumatism 37:8, 1171-1176
CrossRef268
Shahid H. Sial, Michael Malone, Jean L Freeman, Richard Battiola, John Nachodsky, James S. Goodwin. (1994) Beta blocker use in the treatment of community hospital patients discharged after myocardial infarction. Journal of General Internal Medicine 9:11, 599-605
CrossRef269
Ann Marie Stalfelt, Håkan Brodin, Bengt Wadman. (1994) Cost analysis of different phases of acute myeloid leukaemia. Leukemia Research 18:10, 783-790
CrossRef270
Charles T. McConnell, Robert L. Miller, Charles F. Mueller, Stephany K. Moore, Judy I. Anderson, Melvin L. Moeschberger, Thomas E. Noguiera. (1994) Emergency department of use of radiology services at a large urban teaching hospital. Academic Radiology 1:1, 33-39
CrossRef271
Jeffrey N. Katz, Elizabeth A. Wright, Edward Guadagnoli, Matthew H. Liang, Elizabeth W. Karlson, Paul D. Cleary. (1994) Differences between men and women undergoing major orthopedic surgery for degenerative arthritis. Arthritis & Rheumatism 37:5, 687-694
CrossRef272
George I. Gorodeski. (1994) Impact of the menopause on the epidemiology and risk factors of coronary artery heart disease in women. Experimental Gerontology 29:3-4, 357-375
CrossRef273
Robert E. Benton, Steven S. Coughlin, Mariella C. Tefft. (1994) Predictors of coronary angiography in patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy: the Washington, DC dilated cardiomyopathy study. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology 47:5, 501-511
CrossRef274
Richard F. Gillum. (1994) Trends in acute myocardial infarction coronary heart disease death in the United States. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 23:6, 1273-1277
CrossRef275
Mark, Daniel B.Shaw, Linda K.DeLong, Elizabeth R.Califf, Robert M.Pryor, David B.. (1994) Absence of Sex Bias in the Referral of Patients for Cardiac Catheterization. New England Journal of Medicine 330:16, 1101-1106
Full Text276
Chris L. Pashos, Sharon-Lise T. Normand, Jeffrey B. Garfinkle, Joseph P. Newhouse, Arnold M. Epstein, Barbara J. McNeil. (1994) Trends in the use of drag therapies in patients with acute myocardial infarction: 1988 to 1992. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 23:5, 1023-1030
CrossRef277
Marco Bobbio, Alberto Fubini, Robert Detrano, Adrian H. Shandling, Myrvin H. Ellestad, Jayne Clark, Oleh Brezden, Ana Abecia, Diego Martinez-caro. (1994) Diagnostic accuracy of predicting coronary artery disease related to patients' characteristics. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology 47:4, 389-395
CrossRef278
ALAN D. STEINFELD, ALEXANDRA L. HANLON, THOMAS F. PAJAK, GERALD E. HANKS. (1994) Gender as a Determinant of Palliative Radiotherapy: A Patterns-of-Care-Study Analysis. Journal of Women's Health 3:2, 85-89
CrossRef279
Solomon Behar, Shmuel Gottlieb, Hanoch Hod, Ron Narinsky, Boaz Benari, Eldad Rechavia, Hana Pauzner, Natan Rougin, Oskar H. Kracoff, Amos Katz, Arie Roth, Ehud Goldhammer, Leonid Rudnik, Hedy E. Faibel, Chaim Lotan, Chen Shapira, Jamal Jafari, Nahum A. Freedberg, Fatchy Daka, Menahem Kanetti, Tedi Weiss, Eddy Barasch, Mark Klutstein, David Blondheim, Nabil Mahul, Alen Gelvan, Gabriel Barbash. (1994) Influence of gender in the therapeutic management of patients with acute myocardial infarction in Israel. The American Journal of Cardiology 73:7, 438-443
CrossRef280
J. Marrugat, J.M. Antó, J. Sala, R. Masiá, Regicor Investigators. (1994) Influence of gender in acute and long-term cardiac mortality after a first myocardial infarction. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology 47:2, 111-118
CrossRef281
Francine K. Welty, Murray A. Mittleman, Robert W. Healy, James E. Muller, Samuel J. Shubrooks. (1994) Similar result of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty for women and men with postmyocaedial infarction ischemia. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 23:1, 35-39
CrossRef282
Langa, Kenneth M.Sussman, Elliot J.. (1993) The Effect of Cost-Containment Policies on Rates of Coronary Revascularization in California. New England Journal of Medicine 329:24, 1784-1789
Full Text283
A.Michael Lincoff, Robert M. Califf, Stephen G. Ellis, Kristina N. Sigmon, Kerry L. Lee, Jeff D. Leimbergerphd, Eric J. Topol. (1993) Thrombolytic therapy for women with myocardial infarction: Is there a gender gap?. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 22:7, 1780-1787
CrossRef284
Sana Loue. (1993) An epidemiological framework for the formulation of health insurance policy. Journal of Legal Medicine 14:4, 523-564
CrossRef285
E.John Harris, Lloyd M. Taylor, Gregory L. Moneta, John M. Porter. (1993) Outcome of infrainguinal arterial reconstruction in women. Journal of Vascular Surgery 18:4, 627-636
CrossRef286
Abdulmassih S. Iskandrian, Shung C. Chae, Jaekyeong Heo, Charles D. Stanberry, Valerie Wasserleben, Virginia Cave. (1993) Independent and incremental prognostic value of exercise single-photon emission computed tomographic (SPECT) thallium imaging in coronary artery disease. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 22:3, 665-670
CrossRef287
Wenger, Nanette K.Speroff, LeonPackard, Barbara. (1993) Cardiovascular Health and Disease in Women. New England Journal of Medicine 329:4, 247-256
Full Text288
Angela Barron McBride. (1993) From gynecology to GYN‐ecology: Developing a practice‐research agenda for women's health. Health Care for Women International 14:4, 315-325
CrossRef289
Stephen B. Edge, Robert E. Schmieg, Lynn K. Rosenlof, Morton C. Wilhelm. (1993) Pancreas cancer resection outcome in American university centers in 1989–1990. Cancer 71:11, 3502-3508
CrossRef290
Shung C. Chae, Jaekyeong Heo, Abdulmassih S. Iskandrian, Valerie Wasserleben, Virginia Cave. (1993) Identification of extensive coronary artery disease in women by exercise single-photon emission computed tomographic (SPECT) thallium imaging. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 21:6, 1305-1311
CrossRef291
ELLEN E.I. GORDON. (1993) Coronary Artery Disease in Women:.. Echocardiography 10:3, 321-330
CrossRef292
Lawrence O Gostin. (1993) Health Care Reform in the United States. The Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 21:1, 6-9
CrossRef293
CHERYL BROWN TRAVIS, DIANE L. GRESSLEY, RAYMOND H. PHILLIPPI. (1993) Medical Decision Making, Gender, and Coronary Heart Disease. Journal of Women's Health 2:3, 269-279
CrossRef294
Charles K. Francis, Harriet P. Dustan, L.Julian Haywood, Tom Pearson, Mark B. Wenneker. (1992) Task force 1: Scope of the problem. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 19:7, 1449-1460
CrossRef295
(1992) Is There Sex Bias in the Management of Coronary Artery Disease?. New England Journal of Medicine 326:8, 570-572
Full Text296
DEBORAH L. WINGARD, BARBARA A. COHN, PIERA M. CIRILLO, RICHARD D. COHEN, GEORGE A. KAPLAN. (1992) Gender Differences in Self-Reported Heart Disease Morbidity: Are Intervention Opportunities Missed for Women?. Journal of Women's Health 1:3, 201-208
CrossRef297
Healy, Bernadine, . (1991) The Yentl Syndrome. New England Journal of Medicine 325:4, 274-276
Full Text
- Letters
