A Clinical Trial of the Effects of Dietary Patterns on Blood Pressure
Lawrence J. Appel, M.D., M.P.H., Thomas J. Moore, M.D., Eva Obarzanek, Ph.D., William M. Vollmer, Ph.D., Laura P. Svetkey, M.D., M.H.S., Frank M. Sacks, M.D., George A. Bray, M.D., Thomas M. Vogt, M.D., M.P.H., Jeffrey A. Cutler, M.D., Marlene M. Windhauser, Ph.D., R.D., Pao-Hwa Lin, Ph.D., Njeri Karanja, Ph.D., Denise Simons-Morton, M.D., Ph.D., Marjorie McCullough, M.S., R.D., Janis Swain, M.S., R.D., Priscilla Steele, M.S., R.D., Marguerite A. Evans, M.S., R.D., Edgar R. Miller, M.D., Ph.D., David W. Harsha, Ph.D., for The DASH Collaborative Research Group
Background It is known that obesity, sodium intake, and alcoholconsumption influence blood pressure. In this clinical trial,Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension, we assessed the effectsof dietary patterns on blood pressure.
Methods We enrolled 459 adults with systolic blood pressuresof less than 160 mm Hg and diastolic blood pressures of 80 to95 mm Hg. For three weeks, the subjects were fed a control dietthat was low in fruits, vegetables, and dairy products, witha fat content typical of the average diet in the United States.They were then randomly assigned to receive for eight weeksthe control diet, a diet rich in fruits and vegetables, or a"combination" diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and low-fat dairyproducts and with reduced saturated and total fat. Sodium intakeand body weight were maintained at constant levels.
Results At base line, the mean (±SD) systolic and diastolicblood pressures were 131.3±10.8 mm Hg and 84.7±4.7mm Hg, respectively. The combination diet reduced systolic anddiastolic blood pressure by 5.5 and 3.0 mm Hg more, respectively,than the control diet (P<0.001 for each); the fruits-and-vegetablesdiet reduced systolic blood pressure by 2.8 mm Hg more (P<0.001)and diastolic blood pressure by 1.1 mm Hg more (P = 0.07) thanthe control diet. Among the 133 subjects with hypertension (systolicpressure, >140 mm Hg; diastolic pressure, >90 mm Hg; orboth), the combination diet reduced systolic and diastolic bloodpressure by 11.4 and 5.5 mm Hg more, respectively, than thecontrol diet (P<0.001 for each); among the 326 subjects withouthypertension, the corresponding reductions were 3.5 mm Hg (P<0.001)and 2.1 mm Hg (P = 0.003).
Conclusions A diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and low-fat dairyfoods and with reduced saturated and total fat can substantiallylower blood pressure. This diet offers an additional nutritionalapproach to preventing and treating hypertension.
Source Information
From the Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore (L.J.A.); the Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston (T.J.M., F.M.S.); Merck and Company, Westwood, Mass. (T.J.M.); the Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Applications, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Md. (E.O., J.A.C.); Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, Portland, Oreg. (W.M.V., T.M.V., N.K.); Duke Hypertension Center (L.P.S.) and the Sarah W. Stedman Center for Nutritional Studies (P.-H.L.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, N.C.; the Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston (F.M.S.); and the Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, La. (G.A.B., M.M.W.). Other authors were Denise Simons-Morton, M.D., Ph.D. (National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Md.); Marjorie McCullough, M.S., R.D., and Janis Swain, M.S., R.D. (Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston); Priscilla Steele, M.S., R.D. (Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Md.); Marguerite A. Evans, M.S., R.D. (National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Md.); Edgar R. Miller III, M.D., Ph.D. (Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore); and David W. Harsha, Ph.D. (Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, La.).
Address reprint requests to Dr. Vollmer at the Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, 3800 N. Kaiser Center Dr., Portland, OR 97227-1098.
Dietary Patterns and Blood Pressure
McCarron D. A., Barzel U. S., Sharma A. M., Schorr U., Appel L. J., Moore T. J., Obarzanek E., The DASH Collaborative Research Group
Extract |
Full Text
N Engl J Med 1997;
337:636-638, Aug 28, 1997.
Correspondence
Low-Fat Diets
Ornish D., Rudel L. L., Strain G. W., Connor W. E., Connor S. L., Katan M. B., Grundy S. M., Willett W. C.
Extract |
Full Text
N Engl J Med 1998;
338:127-129, Jan 8, 1998.
Correspondence
This article has been cited by other articles:
Gunther, A. L.B., Liese, A. D., Bell, R. A., Dabelea, D., Lawrence, J. M., Rodriguez, B. L., Standiford, D. A., Mayer-Davis, E. J.
(2009). Association Between the Dietary Approaches to Hypertension Diet and Hypertension in Youth With Diabetes Mellitus. Hypertension
53: 6-12
[Abstract][Full Text]
American Diabetes Association,
(2009). Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes--2009. Diabetes Care
32: S13-S61
[Full Text]
Agarwal, R.
(2008). Hypertension, Hypokalemia, and Thiazide-Induced Diabetes: A 3-Way Connection. Hypertension
52: 1012-1013
[Full Text]
Nunez-Cordoba, J. M., Valencia-Serrano, F., Toledo, E., Alonso, A., Martinez-Gonzalez, M. A.
(2008). The Mediterranean Diet and Incidence of Hypertension: The Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra (SUN) Study. Am J Epidemiol
0: kwn335v1-kwn335
[Abstract][Full Text]
Kanematsu, Y., Yamaguchi, K., Ohnishi, H., Motobayashi, Y., Ishizawa, K., Izawa, Y., Kawazoe, K., Kondo, S., Kagami, S., Tomita, S., Tsuchiya, K., Tamaki, T.
(2008). Dietary doses of nitrite restore circulating nitric oxide level and improve renal injury in L-NAME-induced hypertensive rats. Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol.
295: F1457-F1462
[Abstract][Full Text]
Margolis, K. L., Ray, R. M., Van Horn, L., Manson, J. E., Allison, M. A., Black, H. R., Beresford, S. A.A., Connelly, S. A., Curb, J. D., Grimm, R. H. Jr, Kotchen, T. A., Kuller, L. H., Wassertheil-Smoller, S., Thomson, C. A., Torner, J. C., for the Women's Health Initiative Investigators,
(2008). Effect of Calcium and Vitamin D Supplementation on Blood Pressure: The Women's Health Initiative Randomized Trial. Hypertension
52: 847-855
[Abstract][Full Text]
Meulepas, M A, Braspenning, J C C, de Grauw, W J, Lucas, A E M, Wijkel, D, Grol, R P T M
(2008). Patient-oriented intervention in addition to centrally organised checkups improves diabetic patient outcome in primary care. Qual Saf Health Care
17: 324-328
[Abstract][Full Text]
Djousse, L., Rudich, T., Gaziano, J M.
(2008). Nut consumption and risk of heart failure in the Physicians' Health Study I. Am. J. Clin. Nutr.
88: 930-933
[Abstract][Full Text]
Brantley, P., Appel, L., Hollis, J., Stevens, V., Ard, J., Champagne, C., Elmer, P., Harsha, D., Myers, V., Proschan, M., William, V., Svetkey, L.
(2008). Design considerations and rationale of a multi-center trial to sustain weight loss: the weight loss maintenance trial. Clin Trials
5: 546-556
[Abstract]
Papanikolaou, Y., Fulgoni, V. L. III
(2008). Bean Consumption Is Associated with Greater Nutrient Intake, Reduced Systolic Blood Pressure, Lower Body Weight, and a Smaller Waist Circumference in Adults: Results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2002. J. Am. Coll. Nutr.
27: 569-576
[Abstract][Full Text]
Seymour, E. M., Singer, A. A. M., Bennink, M. R., Parikh, R. V., Kirakosyan, A., Kaufman, P. B., Bolling, S. F.
(2008). Chronic Intake of a Phytochemical-Enriched Diet Reduces Cardiac Fibrosis and Diastolic Dysfunction Caused by Prolonged Salt-Sensitive Hypertension. J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci.
63: 1034-1042
[Abstract][Full Text]
Bloomgarden, Z. T.
(2008). American College of Endocrinology Pre-Diabetes Consensus Conference: Part One. Diabetes Care
31: 2062-2069
[Full Text]
Dam, R. M v., Li, T., Spiegelman, D., Franco, O. H, Hu, F. B
(2008). Combined impact of lifestyle factors on mortality: prospective cohort study in US women. BMJ
337: a1440-a1440
[Abstract][Full Text]
Weinberger, M. H.
(2008). The Cold Pressor Test: A New Predictor of Future Hypertension?. Arch Intern Med
168: 1732-1732
[Full Text]
Moore, T. J.
(2008). Deteriorating Dietary Habits. Arch Intern Med
168: 1824-1824
[Full Text]
Heaney, R. P.
(2008). Vitamin D in Health and Disease. CJASN
3: 1535-1541
[Abstract][Full Text]
Berg, C. M, Lappas, G., Strandhagen, E., Wolk, A., Toren, K., Rosengren, A., Aires, N., Thelle, D. S, Lissner, L.
(2008). Food patterns and cardiovascular disease risk factors: The Swedish INTERGENE research program. Am. J. Clin. Nutr.
88: 289-297
[Abstract][Full Text]
Macdonald, H. M, Black, A. J, Aucott, L., Duthie, G., Duthie, S., Sandison, R., Hardcastle, A. C, Lanham New, S. A, Fraser, W. D, Reid, D. M
(2008). Effect of potassium citrate supplementation or increased fruit and vegetable intake on bone metabolism in healthy postmenopausal women: a randomized controlled trial. Am. J. Clin. Nutr.
88: 465-474
[Abstract][Full Text]
Egan, B. M., Nesbitt, S. D., Julius, S.
(2008). Review: Prehypertension: should we be treating with pharmacologic therapy?. Ther Adv Cardiovasc Dis
2: 305-314
[Abstract]
Heaney, R. P
(2008). Vitamin D and calcium interactions: functional outcomes. Am. J. Clin. Nutr.
88: 541S-544S
[Abstract][Full Text]
Burke, V., Beilin, L. J., Cutt, H. E., Mansour, J., Mori, T. A.
(2008). Moderators and mediators of behaviour change in a lifestyle program for treated hypertensives: a randomized controlled trial (ADAPT). Health Educ Res
23: 583-591
[Abstract][Full Text]
Miura, K., Stamler, J., Nakagawa, H., Elliott, P., Ueshima, H., Chan, Q., Brown, I. J., Tzoulaki, I., Saitoh, S., Dyer, A. R., Daviglus, M. L., Kesteloot, H., Okayama, A., Curb, J. D., Rodriguez, B. L., Elmer, P. J., Steffen, L. M., Robertson, C., Zhao, L., for the International Study of Macro-Micronutrient,
(2008). Relationship of Dietary Linoleic Acid to Blood Pressure: The International Study of Macro-Micronutrients and Blood Pressure Study. Hypertension
52: 408-414
[Abstract][Full Text]
de Souza, R. J, Swain, J. F, Appel, L. J, Sacks, F. M
(2008). Alternatives for macronutrient intake and chronic disease: a comparison of the OmniHeart diets with popular diets and with dietary recommendations. Am. J. Clin. Nutr.
88: 1-11
[Abstract][Full Text]
Steffen, L. M., Duprez, D. A., Boucher, J. L., Ershow, A. G., Hirsch, A. T.
(2008). Management of Peripheral Arterial Disease. Diabetes Spectr.
21: 171-177
[Abstract][Full Text]
Turban, S., Miller, E. R. III, Ange, B., Appel, L. J.
(2008). Racial Differences in Urinary Potassium Excretion. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol.
19: 1396-1402
[Abstract][Full Text]
Calhoun, D. A., Jones, D., Textor, S., Goff, D. C., Murphy, T. P., Toto, R. D., White, A., Cushman, W. C., White, W., Sica, D., Ferdinand, K., Giles, T. D., Falkner, B., Carey, R. M.
(2008). Resistant Hypertension: Diagnosis, Evaluation, and Treatment: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association Professional Education Committee of the Council for High Blood Pressure Research. Circulation
117: e510-e526
[Abstract][Full Text]
Smith, K. N., Queenan, K. M., Thomas, W., Fulcher, R. G., Slavin, J. L.
(2008). Physiological Effects of Concentrated Barley {beta}-Glucan in Mildly Hypercholesterolemic Adults. J. Am. Coll. Nutr.
27: 434-440
[Abstract][Full Text]
Calhoun, D. A., Jones, D., Textor, S., Goff, D. C., Murphy, T. P., Toto, R. D., White, A., Cushman, W. C., White, W., Sica, D., Ferdinand, K., Giles, T. D., Falkner, B., Carey, R. M.
(2008). Resistant Hypertension: Diagnosis, Evaluation, and Treatment: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association Professional Education Committee of the Council for High Blood Pressure Research. Hypertension
51: 1403-1419
[Abstract][Full Text]
Harsha, D. W., Bray, G. A.
(2008). Weight Loss and Blood Pressure Control (Pro). Hypertension
51: 1420-1425
[Full Text]
Layman, D. K, Clifton, P., Gannon, M. C, Krauss, R. M, Nuttall, F. Q
(2008). Protein in optimal health: heart disease and type 2 diabetes. Am. J. Clin. Nutr.
87: 1571S-1575S
[Abstract][Full Text]
Awumey, E. M., Hill, S. K., Diz, D. I., Bukoski, R. D.
(2008). Cytochrome P-450 metabolites of 2-arachidonoylglycerol play a role in Ca2+-induced relaxation of rat mesenteric arteries. Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol.
294: H2363-H2370
[Abstract][Full Text]
Fung, T. T., Chiuve, S. E., McCullough, M. L., Rexrode, K. M., Logroscino, G., Hu, F. B.
(2008). Adherence to a DASH-Style Diet and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease and Stroke in Women. Arch Intern Med
168: 713-720
[Abstract][Full Text]
Champagne, C. M.
(2008). Magnesium in Hypertension, Cardiovascular Disease, Metabolic Syndrome, and Other Conditions: A Review. Nutr Clin Pract
23: 142-151
[Abstract][Full Text]
Lauretani, F., Semba, R. D., Bandinelli, S., Dayhoff-Brannigan, M., Giacomini, V., Corsi, A. M., Guralnik, J. M., Ferrucci, L.
(2008). Low Plasma Carotenoids and Skeletal Muscle Strength Decline Over 6 Years. J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci.
63: 376-383
[Abstract][Full Text]
Burke, V., Mansour, J., Mori, T. A., Beilin, L. J., Cutt, H. E., Wilson, A.
(2008). Changes in cognitive measures associated with a lifestyle program for treated hypertensives: a randomized controlled trial (ADAPT). Health Educ Res
23: 202-217
[Abstract][Full Text]
Wang, L., Manson, J. E., Buring, J. E., Lee, I-M., Sesso, H. D.
(2008). Dietary Intake of Dairy Products, Calcium, and Vitamin D and the Risk of Hypertension in Middle-Aged and Older Women. Hypertension
51: 1073-1079
[Abstract][Full Text]
Svetkey, L. P., Stevens, V. J., Brantley, P. J., Appel, L. J., Hollis, J. F., Loria, C. M., Vollmer, W. M., Gullion, C. M., Funk, K., Smith, P., Samuel-Hodge, C., Myers, V., Lien, L. F., Laferriere, D., Kennedy, B., Jerome, G. J., Heinith, F., Harsha, D. W., Evans, P., Erlinger, T. P., Dalcin, A. T., Coughlin, J., Charleston, J., Champagne, C. M., Bauck, A., Ard, J. D., Aicher, K., for the Weight Loss Maintenance Collaborative Rese,
(2008). Comparison of Strategies for Sustaining Weight Loss: The Weight Loss Maintenance Randomized Controlled Trial. JAMA
299: 1139-1148
[Abstract][Full Text]
Shirali, A. C., Bia, M. J.
(2008). Management of Cardiovascular Disease in Renal Transplant Recipients. CJASN
3: 491-504
[Abstract][Full Text]
Gaukrodger, N., Avery, P. J., Keavney, B.
(2008). Plasma potassium level is associated with common genetic variation in the {beta}-subunit of the epithelial sodium channel. Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol.
294: R1068-R1072
[Abstract][Full Text]
Webb, A. J., Patel, N., Loukogeorgakis, S., Okorie, M., Aboud, Z., Misra, S., Rashid, R., Miall, P., Deanfield, J., Benjamin, N., MacAllister, R., Hobbs, A. J., Ahluwalia, A.
(2008). Acute Blood Pressure Lowering, Vasoprotective, and Antiplatelet Properties of Dietary Nitrate via Bioconversion to Nitrite. Hypertension
51: 784-790
[Abstract][Full Text]
Elliott, P., Kesteloot, H., Appel, L. J., Dyer, A. R., Ueshima, H., Chan, Q., Brown, I. J., Zhao, L., Stamler, J., for the INTERMAP Cooperative Research Group,
(2008). Dietary Phosphorus and Blood Pressure: International Study of Macro- and Micro-Nutrients and Blood Pressure. Hypertension
51: 669-675
[Abstract][Full Text]
Mellen, P. B., Gao, S. K., Vitolins, M. Z., Goff, D. C. Jr
(2008). Deteriorating Dietary Habits Among Adults With Hypertension: DASH Dietary Accordance, NHANES 1988-1994 and 1999-2004. Arch Intern Med
168: 308-314
[Abstract][Full Text]
Choi, H. K, Curhan, G.
(2008). Soft drinks, fructose consumption, and the risk of gout in men: prospective cohort study. BMJ
336: 309-312
[Abstract][Full Text]
Laaksonen, M., Talala, K., Martelin, T., Rahkonen, O., Roos, E., Helakorpi, S., Laatikainen, T., Prattala, R.
(2008). Health behaviours as explanations for educational level differences in cardiovascular and all-cause mortality: a follow-up of 60 000 men and women over 23 years. Eur J Public Health
18: 38-43
[Abstract][Full Text]
McNaughton, S. A., Ball, K., Mishra, G. D., Crawford, D. A.
(2008). Dietary Patterns of Adolescents and Risk of Obesity and Hypertension. J. Nutr.
138: 364-370
[Abstract][Full Text]
Engberink, M. F., Schouten, E. G., Kok, F. J., van Mierlo, L. A.J., Brouwer, I. A., Geleijnse, J. M.
(2008). Lactotripeptides Show No Effect on Human Blood Pressure: Results From a Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial. Hypertension
51: 399-405
[Abstract][Full Text]
Paravicini, T. M., Touyz, R. M.
(2008). NADPH Oxidases, Reactive Oxygen Species, and Hypertension: Clinical implications and therapeutic possibilities. Diabetes Care
31: S170-S180
[Abstract][Full Text]
Ceriello, A.
(2008). Possible Role of Oxidative Stress in the Pathogenesis of Hypertension. Diabetes Care
31: S181-S184
[Abstract][Full Text]
Rosamond, W., Flegal, K., Furie, K., Go, A., Greenlund, K., Haase, N., Hailpern, S. M., Ho, M., Howard, V., Kissela, B., Kittner, S., Lloyd-Jones, D., McDermott, M., Meigs, J., Moy, C., Nichol, G., O'Donnell, C., Roger, V., Sorlie, P., Steinberger, J., Thom, T., Wilson, M., Hong, Y., for the American Heart Association Statistics Comm,
(2008). Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics--2008 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee. Circulation
117: e25-e146
[Full Text]
Parikh, N. I., Pencina, M. J., Wang, T. J., Benjamin, E. J., Lanier, K. J., Levy, D., D'Agostino, R. B. Sr, Kannel, W. B., Vasan, R. S.
(2008). A Risk Score for Predicting Near-Term Incidence of Hypertension: The Framingham Heart Study. ANN INTERN MED
148: 102-110
[Abstract][Full Text]
Law, B. M.
(2008). DASH Dieters Show CHD Benefit. DOC News
5: 9-9
[Full Text]
Steigerwalt, S.
(2008). Management of Hypertension in Diabetic Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease. Diabetes Spectr.
21: 30-36
[Abstract][Full Text]
Lanham-New, S. A.
(2008). The Balance of Bone Health: Tipping the Scales in Favor of Potassium-Rich, Bicarbonate-Rich Foods. J. Nutr.
138: 172S-177S
[Abstract][Full Text]
American Diabetes Association,
(2008). Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes--2008. Diabetes Care
31: S12-S54
[Full Text]
Miner, M.
(2007). Lifestyle Management of Obesity: NHANES and Erectile Dysfunction How to Motivate Change. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF LIFESTYLE MEDICINE
1: 454-456
[Abstract]
O'Neil, C. E., Nicklas, T. A.
(2007). State of the Art Reviews: Relationship Between Diet/ Physical Activity and Health. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF LIFESTYLE MEDICINE
1: 457-481
[Abstract]
Edwards, R. L., Lyon, T., Litwin, S. E., Rabovsky, A., Symons, J. D., Jalili, T.
(2007). Quercetin Reduces Blood Pressure in Hypertensive Subjects. J. Nutr.
137: 2405-2411
[Abstract][Full Text]
Djousse, L., Gaziano, J. M.
(2007). Breakfast Cereals and Risk of Heart Failure in the Physicians' Health Study I. Arch Intern Med
167: 2080-2085
[Abstract][Full Text]
Conlin, P. R.
(2007). Eat Your Fruits and Vegetables But Hold the Salt. Circulation
116: 1530-1531
[Full Text]
Davis, A. M., Vinci, L. M., Okwuosa, T. M., Chase, A. R., Huang, E. S.
(2007). Cardiovascular Health Disparities: A Systematic Review of Health Care Interventions. Med Care Res Rev
64: 29S-100S
[Abstract]
Lien, L. F., Brown, A. J., Ard, J. D., Loria, C., Erlinger, T. P., Feldstein, A. C., Lin, P.-H., Champagne, C. M., King, A. C., McGuire, H. L., Stevens, V. J., Brantley, P. J., Harsha, D. W., McBurnie, M. A., Appel, L. J., Svetkey, L. P.
(2007). Effects of PREMIER Lifestyle Modifications on Participants With and Without the Metabolic Syndrome. Hypertension
50: 609-616
[Abstract][Full Text]
Maillot, M., Darmon, N., Vieux, F., Drewnowski, A.
(2007). Low energy density and high nutritional quality are each associated with higher diet costs in French adults. Am. J. Clin. Nutr.
86: 690-696
[Abstract][Full Text]
Lanza, E., Yu, B., Murphy, G., Albert, P. S., Caan, B., Marshall, J. R., Lance, P., Paskett, E. D., Weissfeld, J., Slattery, M., Burt, R., Iber, F., Shike, M., Kikendall, J. W., Brewer, B. K., Schatzkin, A., the Polyp Prevention Trial Study Group,
(2007). The Polyp Prevention Trial Continued Follow-up Study: No Effect of a Low-Fat, High-Fiber, High-Fruit, and -Vegetable Diet on Adenoma Recurrence Eight Years after Randomization. Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev.
16: 1745-1752
[Abstract][Full Text]
Conen, D., Ridker, P. M, Buring, J. E, Glynn, R. J
(2007). Risk of cardiovascular events among women with high normal blood pressure or blood pressure progression: prospective cohort study. BMJ
335: 432-432
[Abstract][Full Text]
Mejean, C., Traissac, P., Eymard-Duvernay, S., El Ati, J., Delpeuch, F., Maire, B.
(2007). Diet Quality of North African Migrants in France Partly Explains Their Lower Prevalence of Diet-Related Chronic Conditions Relative to Their Native French Peers. J. Nutr.
137: 2106-2113
[Abstract][Full Text]
Wang, L., Gaziano, J M., Liu, S., Manson, J. E, Buring, J. E, Sesso, H. D
(2007). Whole- and refined-grain intakes and the risk of hypertension in women. Am. J. Clin. Nutr.
86: 472-479
[Abstract][Full Text]
Ueshima, H., Stamler, J., Elliott, P., Chan, Q., Brown, I. J., Carnethon, M. R., Daviglus, M. L., He, K., Moag-Stahlberg, A., Rodriguez, B. L., Steffen, L. M., Van Horn, L., Yarnell, J., Zhou, B., for the INTERMAP Research Group,
(2007). Food Omega-3 Fatty Acid Intake of Individuals (Total, Linolenic Acid, Long-Chain) and Their Blood Pressure: INTERMAP Study. Hypertension
50: 313-319
[Abstract][Full Text]
Taubert, D., Roesen, R., Lehmann, C., Jung, N., Schomig, E.
(2007). Effects of Low Habitual Cocoa Intake on Blood Pressure and Bioactive Nitric Oxide: A Randomized Controlled Trial. JAMA
298: 49-60
[Abstract][Full Text]
Nettleton, J. A, Steffen, L. M, Schulze, M. B, Jenny, N. S, Barr, R G., Bertoni, A. G, Jacobs, D. R Jr
(2007). Associations between markers of subclinical atherosclerosis and dietary patterns derived by principal components analysis and reduced rank regression in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). Am. J. Clin. Nutr.
85: 1615-1625
[Abstract][Full Text]
Dauchet, L., Kesse-Guyot, E., Czernichow, S., Bertrais, S., Estaquio, C., Peneau, S., Vergnaud, A.-C., Chat-Yung, S., Castetbon, K., Deschamps, V., Brindel, P., Hercberg, S.
(2007). Dietary patterns and blood pressure change over 5-y follow-up in the SU.VI.MAX cohort. Am. J. Clin. Nutr.
85: 1650-1656
[Abstract][Full Text]
Adrogue, H. J., Madias, N. E.
(2007). Sodium and Potassium in the Pathogenesis of Hypertension. NEJM
356: 1966-1978
[Full Text]
Pfeuffer, M., Schrezenmeir, J.
(2007). Addition of milk prevents vascular protective effects of tea. Eur Heart J
28: 1265-1266
[Full Text]
Shah, M., Adams-Huet, B., Garg, A.
(2007). Effect of high-carbohydrate or high-cis-monounsaturated fat diets on blood pressure: a meta-analysis of intervention trials. Am. J. Clin. Nutr.
85: 1251-1256
[Abstract][Full Text]
He, F. J., MacGregor, G. A.
(2007). Blood pressure is the most important cause of death and disability in the world. Eur Heart J Suppl
9: B23-B28
[Abstract][Full Text]
Ring, A. M., Leng, Q., Rinehart, J., Wilson, F. H., Kahle, K. T., Hebert, S. C., Lifton, R. P.
(2007). An SGK1 site in WNK4 regulates Na+ channel and K+ channel activity and has implications for aldosterone signaling and K+ homeostasis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA
104: 4025-4029
[Abstract][Full Text]
Rippe, J. M., Angelopoulos, T. J., Zukley, L.
(2007). Lifestyle Medicine Strategies for Risk Factor Reduction, Prevention, and Treatment of Coronary Heart Disease: Part II. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF LIFESTYLE MEDICINE
1: 79-90
[Abstract]
Gaskins, N. D., Sloane, P. D., Mitchell, C. M., Ammerman, A., Ickes, S. B., Williams, C. S.
(2007). Poor Nutritional Habits: A Modifiable Predecessor of Chronic Illness? A North Carolina Family Medicine Research Network (NC-FM-RN) Study. J Am Board Fam Med
20: 124-134
[Abstract][Full Text]
Shahar, D. R., Abel, R., Elhayany, A., Vardi, H., Fraser, D.
(2007). Does Dairy Calcium Intake Enhance Weight Loss Among Overweight Diabetic Patients?. Diabetes Care
30: 485-489
[Abstract][Full Text]
Jauhiainen, T., Korpela, R.
(2007). Milk Peptides and Blood Pressure. J. Nutr.
137: 825S-829S
[Abstract][Full Text]
Hsia, J., Margolis, K. L., Eaton, C. B., Wenger, N. K., Allison, M., Wu, L., LaCroix, A. Z., Black, H. R., for the Women's Health Initiative Investigators,
(2007). Prehypertension and Cardiovascular Disease Risk in the Women's Health Initiative. Circulation
115: 855-860
[Abstract][Full Text]
Rosamond, W., Flegal, K., Friday, G., Furie, K., Go, A., Greenlund, K., Haase, N., Ho, M., Howard, V., Kissela, B., Kittner, S., Lloyd-Jones, D., McDermott, M., Meigs, J., Moy, C., Nichol, G., O'Donnell, C. J., Roger, V., Rumsfeld, J., Sorlie, P., Steinberger, J., Thom, T., Wasserthiel-Smoller, S., Hong, Y., for the American Heart Association Statistics Comm,
(2007). Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics--2007 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee. Circulation
115: e69-e171
[Full Text]
Jen, K.-L. C., Brogan, K., Washington, O. G.M., Flack, J. M., Artinian, N. T.
(2007). Poor Nutrient Intake and High Obese Rate in an Urban African American Population with Hypertension. J. Am. Coll. Nutr.
26: 57-65
[Abstract][Full Text]
Semba, R. D., Varadhan, R., Bartali, B., Ferrucci, L., Ricks, M. O., Blaum, C., Fried, L. P.
(2007). Low serum carotenoids and development of severe walking disability among older women living in the community: the Women's Health and Aging Study I. Age Ageing
36: 62-67
[Abstract][Full Text]
McNaughton, S. A., Mishra, G. D., Stephen, A. M., Wadsworth, M. E. J.
(2007). Dietary Patterns Throughout Adult Life Are Associated with Body Mass Index, Waist Circumference, Blood Pressure, and Red Cell Folate. J. Nutr.
137: 99-105
[Abstract][Full Text]
Larsen, F. J., Ekblom, B., Sahlin, K., Lundberg, J. O., Weitzberg, E.
(2006). Effects of Dietary Nitrate on Blood Pressure in Healthy Volunteers. NEJM
355: 2792-2793
[Full Text]
Thiebaut, A. C. M., Schatzkin, A., Ballard-Barbash, R., Kipnis, V.
(2006). Dietary Fat and Breast Cancer: Contributions From a Survival Trial. JNCI J Natl Cancer Inst
98: 1753-1755
[Full Text]
Chen, Y., Factor-Litvak, P., Howe, G. R, Parvez, F., Ahsan, H.
(2006). Nutritional influence on risk of high blood pressure in Bangladesh: a population-based cross-sectional study.. Am. J. Clin. Nutr.
84: 1224-1232
[Abstract][Full Text]
Appel, L. J.
(2006). A Primer on the Design, Conduct, and Interpretation of Clinical Trials. CJASN
1: 1360-1367
[Abstract][Full Text]
Chobanian, A. V.
(2006). Prehypertension Revisited. Hypertension
48: 812-814
[Full Text]
Lichtenstein, A. H., Appel, L. J., Brands, M., Carnethon, M., Daniels, S., Franch, H. A., Franklin, B., Kris-Etherton, P., Harris, W. S., Howard, B., Karanja, N., Lefevre, M., Rudel, L., Sacks, F., Van Horn, L., Winston, M., Wylie-Rosett, J.
(2006). Summary of American Heart Association Diet and Lifestyle Recommendations Revision 2006. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Bio.
26: 2186-2191
[Full Text]
Dauchet, L., Amouyel, P., Hercberg, S., Dallongeville, J.
(2006). Fruit and Vegetable Consumption and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease: A Meta-Analysis of Cohort Studies. J. Nutr.
136: 2588-2593
[Abstract][Full Text]
Oh, R. C., Beresford, S. A. A., Lafferty, W. E.
(2006). The Fish in Secondary Prevention of Heart Disease (FISH) Survey--Primary Care Physicians and {omega}3 Fatty Acid Prescribing Behaviors. J Am Board Fam Med
19: 459-467
[Abstract][Full Text]
