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Six kindreds had heterozygous mutations in the gene for the IKAROS transcription factor. Twenty-nine patients had late-onset hypogammaglobulinemia, a decrease in peripheral-blood B cells, and normal memory B cells and plasma cells. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia developed in two patients.

Primary care practices in Scotland were randomly assigned to various start dates for an intervention with financial incentives to review patients at high risk for adverse effects from antiplatelet agents or NSAIDs. The intervention was associated with reduced high-risk prescribing.
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Blood transfusion is often performed by health care workers. This video demonstrates a commonly used method for the nonemergency transfusion of red cells in an awake, competent adult.
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Colon cancer begins with the malignant transformation of benign adenomas and polyps. When adenomas are large or multiple, the risk of subsequent cancer is highest. Screening techniques, although imperfect, can reduce the incidence of colorectal cancer.

A challenge to xenotransplantation is the transmission of infectious agents, including endogenous retroviruses. A study of porcine endogenous retroviruses, and the use of a new tool (CRISPR-Cas9) to inactivate them, represents a step toward addressing this challenge.
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(DOI: 10.1056/NEJMp1515917)
(DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1514762)
(DOI: 10.1056/NEJMe1601140)
(DOI: 10.1056/NEJMc1602964)
(DOI: 10.1056/NEJMp1602708)













